ALBERT

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 January 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 167〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Uxío Labarta, M〈sup〉a〈/sup〉 José Fernández-Reiriz〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈p〉The mussels industry with a production that accounts for more than twenty five percent of the fresh product landings from the sea, and the full-time employment of more than 8000 people, is by far the largest productive activity of the Galician sea.〈/p〉 〈p〉In the 1980s was noticed an increase in productivity related to processes of innovation in the industry of mussel. Together with it, the first organizational forms of the Galician-based production sector was constituted, with a spatial and administrative reordering for mussel rafts and crops. A new reality of the sector was maintained in both the marketing guidelines and the fact of initiating a vertical integration between the mussel industry and the commercialization. Everything was accompanied by changes in markets and strong tensions: derived from red tides that limit the operating cycle and even its profitability and also from the conflicts between the producing and transforming organizations, added to the competition in the markets of other countries, mainly Chile.〈/p〉 〈p〉The reality of mussel culture and markets leads to a reformulation in the industry, with strategies for territorial diversification of suppliers, new technological improvements in production and even organizational, economic, and bioecological innovations.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: December 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Volume 118〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Qian-Wen Guo, Shumin Chen, Paul Schonfeld, Zhongfei Li〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉We address optimal rail transit investment issues considering time-inconsistent preferences and population uncertainty. Instead of adopting the typical real options approach which assumes that authorities possess a constant discount rate over time, we propose an extension of real options analysis by modeling authorities’ intertemporal choices with a quasi-hyperbolic discount function. Depending on the assumption about the strategies guiding the behaviors of future authorities, we consider three types of authorities, namely time-consistent authority, naïve authority and sophisticated authority, of which the latter two are time-inconsistent. First, an optimal transit investment timing model is proposed. Then, solutions for the above three types of authorities are derived and compared. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed model by conducting numerical tests and applying it to Dalian, China. Main findings include: (1) an authority with time-inconsistent preferences makes decisions earlier than a standard, time-consistent authority; (2) the sophisticated authority invests earlier than the naïve authority. Other implications of considering time-inconsistent preferences are also identified.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 December 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 166〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): 〈/p〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 26 September 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Marco Mereu, Alessandro Cau, Blondine Agus, Rita Cannas, Maria Cristina Follesa, Paola Pesci, Danila Cuccu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The aim of the present study was to evaluate, through a Collaborative Fisheries Research (CFR) project, the efficacy of artificial dens as a possible integrative action for the management of 〈em〉O. vulgaris〈/em〉 in the wild. Artificial dens, anchored on rocky substrates at a depth of 38–42 m in a temporary Fully Protected Area (FPA) off the western coast of Sardinia (central western Mediterranean Sea), showed their effectiveness as a temporary and/or safe site for 〈em〉Octopus vulgaris〈/em〉 spawning. The suitability of these artificial dens was demonstrated by the presence of egg strings and females in parental care, and by the fact that all of the brooding-phases until the hatching had taken place inside. The presence of abundant cobbles, appeared to be a key factor in the building of a solid barrier for protection at the entrance of the spawning artificial dens, similar to those seen in natural dens. In addition, our results demonstrate the potential coexistence of artificial dens with natural ones, suggesting their potential use as integrative tool for the management of 〈em〉O. vulgaris〈/em〉. Close collaboration with fishermen in the framework of a CFR project within FPA may increase the success of this management action, through the enforcement of the area. Brooding details and laid egg features revealed by the monitoring are reported and discussed.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 November 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 165〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ruth Beatriz Mezzalira Pincinato, Frank Asche〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Seafood imports have increased strongly in emerging economies during the last decades. However, the impacts of increased imports on price determination process, local fishers' income and fish stocks have received limited attention. This paper presents a market integration and price transmission analysis for the Brazilian sardine market, comprising the fresh and canned sardines segments, to shed light on these issues. Imports currently supply about one-half the sardines in the Brazilian market, and even more when the domestic fishery landings are low. The results suggest not only a fully integrated market but also a complete price transmission in both sardine value chains. Hence, import competition with domestic fisheries limit price increases in the domestic fishery and reduce fishers' income and fishing effort. However, the canneries, consumers and fish stocks are better off.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 15 April 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Xun Li, Jinliang Huang, Zhenshun Tu, Shunliang Yang〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Recent shoreline management efforts have extended the scope of management plan to address multi-stakeholders’ conflicts over the use of coastal resources and their preservation. As cell identification is a critical step towards the development of Shoreline Management Plan (SMP), this paper provides the needed evidence to justify its rationality using Longhai city as a testing site. The coastal zone boundary of Longhai city was firstly defined taking into consideration the interface between land and sea. Seven cell units were identified with due consideration of existing plans. Subsequently, Multi-criteria Decision Making analysis coupled with GIS techniques was performed to verify the rationality of the cell identification. The results justified and supported the cell identification approach and outcomes with respect to dominant sectors within each unit, as well as the integrative and adaptive characteristics of the SMP in balancing environmental conservation and socioeconomic development. The quantitative approach further enables evaluating its adaptability in a changing environment.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 4 October 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Wanfei Qiu, Xuan Zhu, Miaozhuang Zheng, Yan Liu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This paper addresses key drivers and enabling conditions for implementing Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) programs in Xiamen, China. The drivers for initiating and implementing ICM programs in Xiamen included a growing level of environmental awareness, multiple-use conflicts and the need for more integrated coastal and ocean governance, and a clear vision and leadership from the Xiamen Municipal Government. Similar to other successful ICM initiatives, the efforts in Xiamen demonstrated the importance of action plans, a legislative framework, financial sustainability, information management and dissemination, and capacity development in providing for an enabling environment for ICM activities. Strong political will and leadership from the Municipal Government, underpinned by local autonomy over coastal resource management, are also highlighted as key factors that provided for successful outcomes.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 December 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 166〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): M.V. Krylenko, V.V. Krylenko, T.A. Volkova〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈p〉The Dolgaya spit is the large accumulative bodies on the Russian coast of the Sea of Azov. Plots of natural forest-steppe and wetland landscapes with unique flora and fauna were preserved there. A part of the Dolgaya spit is a natural landmark of regional significance. Sand and shell beaches of the Dolgaya spit are actively used for recreational purposes being the basis of social and economic development of the Dolzhanskaya resort. The presence of anthropogenic and natural threats impedes sustainable development of the Dolgaya spit geographical complex. Our study is aimed at search of a solution to this issue.〈/p〉 〈p〉Field studies that include the analysis of natural features and anthropogenic changes were carried out in the course of the work. In addition, the conducted studies were based on the analysis of the remote sensing data. An important part of the research were opinion polls and the analysis of urban planning and statistical information.〈/p〉 〈p〉As the results of the social researches show, the most attractive natural factors in the choice of the Dolzhanskaya resort as the place of vacation are the sea, the beaches, clean dry air, steppe vegetation and spaciousness. Negative factors are predominantly social and economic ones: low level of recreational infrastructure and service, poor transport accessibility.〈/p〉 〈p〉The lack of a balanced strategy impedes the development of the Dolzhanskaya resort. Uncontrolled development resulted in excessive traffic and recreational load, spontaneous development, lack of transport and recreational infrastructure and destruction of natural landscapes. The situation is aggravated by serious natural threats. The distal part of the northeast coast of the spit erodes and draws back.〈/p〉 〈p〉On the basis of the received information, it was possible to develop recommendations on economic use and conservation of the Dolgaya spit. The landscape approach in the scientifically grounded organization of the functional and morphological structure of the resort and reservation within the Dolgaya spit will help to maintain and develop its economic and environmental potential.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 7 September 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Meina Su, Benrong Peng〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This study presents three case studies of integrating coastal ecosystem services' value into decision making in Xiamen under the integrated coastal management (ICM) framework. Xiamen's experiences show that integrating the values of ecosystem services into decision making can harmonize coastal economic development, environmental protection, and local stakeholders' concerns regarding preserving the ecosystems they depend on. Scientists play a critical role in integrating the values of ecosystem services into decision making by convincing policymakers and concerned stakeholders that the benefits and costs of development and conservation of ecosystems are worthwhile. ICM also provides the required operational framework and policy mechanism for incorporating ecosystem services and their values into decision making, especially at times of market and institutional failures.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 December 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 166〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Nikolaos Rempis, George Alexandrakis, Georgios Tsilimigkas, Nikolaos Kampanis〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Coastal zones are submitted to pressures, due to population growth and continuous expansion of human activities, which become more intense by the effects of climate change. These pressures lead coastal administrators and stakeholders into taking actions to protect and further develop the coastal zones. Those actions are not always within the framework of spatial plans. Land-Sea interaction is an important factor that should be taken into account during the implementation of Spatial Plans. To this end, assuring the coherence between coastal terrestrial and marine planning is a prerequisite, as the coastal zone is the link between marine and terrestrial space. This paper aims to identify the land and sea uses interactions that result from a series of projects. As case study, the wider area of Heraklion, Crete Island, is considered. In Heraklion area, a series of projects in coastal zone are proposed to be implemented, by different stakeholders operating in the area. The methodology follows, a holistic decision making procedure that include the analysis of alternatives, categorisation and quantification of the consequences and implementation of trade-offs, aiming to introduce a method to assess the interactions between future land and sea uses, identify the land and sea uses interactions by quantifying the consequences of each intervention.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 20 March 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Qinhua Fang, Deqiang Ma, Liyu Zhang, Shouqin Zhu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Xiamen has marked its integrated coastal management (ICM) practice as PEMSEA's demonstration site since the 1990s. However, the role of Marine Functional Zoning (MFZ) in ICM has not yet been fully explored even though the planning process has been highlighted in some literature on Xiamen ICM mode. To showcase the contribution of MFZ as a practical approach for Xiamen ICM, the five dimensions of integration in ICM is applied as an analysis framework. Firstly, through compiling of the historical data and documents of the sea uses and marine environments, and socioeconomic status as well, the key drivers of initiating MFZ in the 1990s is summarized as increasing but incompatible and even conflicting sea uses, degrading marine environments due to negative effects of intensified human activities, and the lack of coordinating mechanism which has worsened the use-use and use-environment conflicts. Secondly, the technical guidelines and adaptive evolvement of Xiamen MFZ is introduced, and the achievements of Xiamen MFZ is explored. Based on the above analysis, the relationships of MFZ and ICM is looked into the dimensions of legislation, coordinating mechanism, scientific and technical support, integrated law enforcement and public participation; and how MFZ contributes to ICM in integration of dimensions of intergovernmental, inter-sectoral, land and sea, science and management, and multiple disciplinary is analyzed in-depth. It is concluded that MFZ has been a working approach in Xiamen to realize ICM from a conceptual call to a good practice on the ground, even challenges remain.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 12 March 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yaling Huang, Jinliang Huang, Ayu Ervinia, Shuiwang Duan, Sujay S. Kaushal〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Understanding how land use and climate variability interact could amplify riverine nitrogen exports is needed to develop effective watershed management strategies in coastal China, a region that is experiencing the most rapid urbanization globally. We investigated the interactive effects of land use and climate variability on riverine nitrogen exports. We analyzed long-term historical data (1961–2014) in two river reaches of the Jiulong River Watershed and spatial data (2010–2014) across a land use gradient spanning 17 monitored headwater streams. Results showed that annual riverine nitrate-N (NO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉-N) and ammonia-N (NH〈sub〉4〈/sub〉〈sup〉+〈/sup〉-N) exports have significantly increased from 1961 to 2014 coinciding with urban expansion. Nitrate-N exports were correlated with river flow during 1961–1980, while they were not correlated with river flow during 1981–2002 when fertilizer use rapidly increased in this region. Nitrate-N export was tightly correlated with river flow during 2010–2014 as fertilizer use decreased and there was conversion of agricultural lands to urban lands. Annual NO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉-N and NH〈sub〉4〈/sub〉〈sup〉+〈/sup〉-N exports for 17 headwater streams across land use showed significant inter-annual variability (2–10 times) during 2010–2014 across dry and wet years. There was greater inter-annual variability in N exports at the urban/agricultural sites than at the forest sites. Urban watersheds had the highest runoff and nitrate-N export during the flood season. Runoff was the “master variable” controlling nitrate export in urban watersheds across time and space. Given rapid urbanization, the interaction between climate variability and land use change can amplify river nitrogen loads and coastal water quality issues in the developing world unless more effective management of the watershed and associated riverine system is applied.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 December 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 166〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Dorota Ciołek, Magdalena Matczak, Joanna Piwowarczyk, Marcin Rakowski, Kazimierz Szefler, Jacek Zaucha〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This paper presents the results of a face-to-face survey of the attitudes of Polish fishermen towards Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP). Fishermen's self-assessed knowledge regarding MSP and their expectations were analysed. The conclusion reached shows that, despite similar access to information about MSP, Polish fishermen are less knowledgeable, more sceptical and more fearful of the MSP, than the other stakeholders involved. As a result, better education or more information on MSP would not suffice in making fishermen overcome their scepticism on the planning outcomes. In addition, the governing bodies of MSP should build trust and awareness, stimulate the stakeholders' interests in MSP, and convince the fishermen that MSP is friendly towards this specific sector. These findings did influence the MSP process in Poland, wherein MSP outreach was offered to the targeted groups of fishermen in the form of trust-building measures. A key lesson learned is that a capacity building process should be administered in such a way that the fishermen may easily distinguish it from other governance measures (e.g. under fishery or environment policy). An international component can play an important role in it. In conclusion, a number of observations are proposed with regard to future research on the attitudes of fishermen towards MSP. In particular, greater effort is necessary to better understand the motives of fishermen's scepticism towards the impact of MSP on their sector.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 November 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 165〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Lea T. Mamo, Brendan P. Kelaher, Melinda A. Coleman, Patrick G. Dwyer〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Increased coastal development and rising sea levels as a result of continuing climate-change put coastal regions at risk from flooding and inundation. A common mitigation response is the construction and upgrade of hard coastal protection structures, such as breakwaters, seawalls, and groynes. The alteration of the coast, together with the introduction of novel materials into coastal waters can negatively impact adjacent habitats and associated organisms. The implementation of management plans that involve scientists, as well as a variety of other stakeholders offer an opportunity to minimise adverse effects to biodiversity or even enhance it, while still protecting infrastructure and people. This study examines the management of an Australian breakwater upgrade and the progressive design finding process, including stakeholder engagement, determination of assessment criteria, and environmental impact assessment. In the course of the latter, scientific research led to the rediscovery of a presumed extinct algal species, 〈em〉Nereia lophocladia〈/em〉, which created an additional challenge and temporarily halted the upgrade. To accommodate this, the breakwater design solution was modified to avoid any impacts on the algal population and, in order to maximise the species' survival, novel ecological engineering approaches were proposed as mitigation strategies. Our case study underpins the value of evidence-based conservation and cooperation among stakeholders as important tools for minimising ecological impacts from coastal infrastructure upgrades.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 November 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 165〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Idrissa Diedhiou, Zhengyong Yang〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In 2016, Senegal's fisheries contributed 14.63% of total value of export earnings, representing 3.2% of Gross Domestic Product and employed an estimated 600,000 people, of which 30% were women. It is very important for Senegal to establish an effective policy system and protect its valuable fisheries resources. To realize this goal, scientists, government officials, and related parties should critically reflect upon fisheries policies and their performance. Given the high institutional instability in the country, this paper discusses the various policies adopted during different Senegalese political regimes, their evolution, and their implementation. This study also assesses how these policies impacted the availability of fishery resources in the country, and changed fishermen's behavior and income. We find that although some policies are effective, the overall policy system is still in dire need to be improved, as fisheries are still experiencing a downward trend due to illegal fishing and overfishing. We also find that the motorization of pirogues contributed to increasing the catch volumes and the extension of fishing areas. However, the signs of declining volumes of landings noted in the 1981s prompted the authorities to take advantage of specific management measures and regulations for the protection and restoration of habitats and overexploited marine resources. We propose a model of policy formulation based on stakeholder theory that deals realistically with issues of over-exploitation and illegal fishing, where all the interested parties should strongly participate in the decision-making process.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 November 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 165〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Marilena Papageorgiou〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈p〉Underwater Cultural Heritage (hereinafter UCH) constitutes an invaluable resource that has been poorly – if at all – addressed in most spatial planning attempts, due to the sectorial approach that has prevailed so far when planning in the sea. Lately however, that spatial planning in the marine space (MSP) is being re-launched under a place-based approach, the chances and challenges for UCH are considerably different.〈/p〉 〈p〉According to the existing international legislation (UNCLOS), coastal states can only interfere with UCH up to their Contiguous Zone (24 nm from the baseline), whilst beyond that limit UCH is left “abandoned” (unless “flag” or “cultural origin” states claim their protection). Of course, this “freezing” of jurisdictions beyond the CZ, means that for the greatest part of the oceans and seas, UCH protection totally depends on the wise regulation of all other human activities that affect directly or indirectly, cultural heritage.〈/p〉 〈p〉The paper argues that MSP under a place-based approach is a unique opportunity for better protection and wiser management of UCH in greater distances than ever, provided that coastal states proclaim their EEZ (in order to extend as much as possible the area within which they can practice MSP and therefore, tackle conflicts and encourage synergies with UCH). The paper proposes a five-step strategy for considering UCH in MSP. Step 1: Register and evaluate UCH sites and objects, Step 2: Identify ways to upgrade the economic value of UCH, Step 3: Select the most appropriate type of protection zoning, Step 4: Provide regulations and restrictions for activities within the UCH protection zone, Step 5: Ensure integration and cohesion of the planning adopted in the UCH buffer zones with the spatial/sea-use planning adopted in the wider marine area. The paper concludes by highlighting that beyond any strategy, the greater challenge and stake is how to compromise blue growth trend with UCH preservation and promotion.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 January 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 167〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Stephan R. Kolian, Michael Godec, Paul W. Sammarco〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The number of fixed oil and gas platforms are declining in the Gulf of Mexico, there were ∼3674 platforms installed the since 1942 and today there are ∼1320. Eventually, ∼30,000 jobs will be lost in related industries because of platform removals. Retired oil and gas platforms could be redeployed for alternate uses such as CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 capture and storage, renewable wind energy, and sustainable fisheries and employ citizens in coastal areas. Elsewhere around the world, offshore platforms are used for purposes other than producing oil and gas. U.S. Federal legislation (Energy Policy Act 2005 Section 388 of Public Law [PL] 109-58); 30 CFR 285.1000 Subpart J) authorizes the use of retired oil and gas platforms for alternate uses. If the retired oil and gas structures are preserved, the infrastructure could also be used to recover stranded petroleum using CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 enhanced oil recovery (CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉-EOR). We examined the socio-economic incentives, environmental impacts, and regulatory issues associated with the alternate uses. We suggest that CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉-EOR is the most economically efficient way to store CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 offshore and that offshore wind turbines may assist with the energy requirements for oil and gas production and CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉-EOR. Data suggest that in our study area offshore platforms are more successful at producing fish and invertebrates if they are left standing instead of toppled over. The greatest regulatory issue facing the use of retired platforms is the transfer of liability. If the structures are redeployed, the previous oil and gas owner/operators are still responsible for eventual removal and catastrophic events. A variety of future economic activity in the Gulf of Mexico could take advantage of this infrastructure, if it remains in place.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 December 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 166〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Carlos J. González, Alfredo Izquierdo, Óscar Álvarez, Miguel Bruno, Rafael Mañanes, Ivone A. Czerwinski, Francisco P. Zurita〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Metocean modeling resources from an operational oceanography system are applied to assess the hazard of bacterial contamination, resulting from domestic/industrial wastewater discharged into potential bivalve mollusk harvesting areas in Cadiz Bay (Andalusia). The proposed methodology is aimed to at meeting the European Union regulations and best practices for the management and monitoring of this harvesting activity. Modeled current fields, corresponding to scenarios with different wind and tidal conditions, are incorporated in a Lagrangian particle-tracking model, specifically designed to simulate the fate of the bacterial content of wastewaters discharged into the Bay. Numerical results are used to obtain various indices of occurrence and hazard maps of fecal contamination in seawater. The proposed indices also allow estimating fecal contamination fields if appropriate information of discharges and bacterial loads of the wastewater sources are available. Qualitative validation of results shows considerable agreement with measured contamination patterns. The areas with highest exposure to bacterial contamination are the Sancti Petri Channel and the central region of the Inner Bay, although a substantial variability depending on wind conditions is found. Unauthorized occasional wastewater discharges have a considerable impact on local water quality, while regulated wastewater sources are responsible for the larger-scale bacterial contamination pattern. The methodology developed is exportable to other environments and coastal management activities.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 December 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 166〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): M. Le Tixerant, D. Le Guyader, F. Gourmelon, B. Queffelec〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈p〉Although the importance of Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) as a concept is know acknowledged and the legal framework is in place, the task of applying it remains a delicate one. One of the keys to success is having pertinent data. Knowing how maritime uses unfold in a spatio-temporal context, and what conflicting or synergistic interactions exist between activities, is crucial. However, this information is especially hard to obtain in a marine environment. As a result this information has often been identified as the missing layer in information systems developed by maritime stakeholders. Since 2002, the Automatic Identification System (AIS) has been undergoing a major development. Allowing for real time geo-tracking and identification for equipped vessels, the data that issues from AIS data promises to map and describe certain marine human activities.〈/p〉 〈p〉After recapitulating the main characteristics of AIS and the data it provides, this article proposes to evaluate how AIS is currently used in MSP at a European level, and to concisely present a series of methods and results obtained within the framework of several operational research projects. The objective is to illustrate how the AIS data processing and analysis can produce adequate information for MSP: maritime traffic density, shipping lanes and navigation flows, hierarchical network of maritime routes, alleged fishing zones, spatio-temporal interactions between activities (potential conflicting uses or synergies). The conclusion looks in particular at the legal questions concerning the use of AIS.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 November 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 165〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Luis Outeiro, Sebastián Villasante, Rashid Sumaila〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Small-scale fisheries (SSFs) are complex social-ecological systems that are affected not only by biological responses to oceanographic changes but also by socio-economic conditions and market demand expressed from local to global scales. Ex-vessel prices are generally elastic and volatile from year to year or even from season to season, depending on many factors. This variability makes it difficult to keep fishers' incomes and livelihoods stable over time. Here, we use a multispecies small-scale fishery from the 〈em〉Ria de Arousa〈/em〉 (NW Spain) as an example to illustrate the complexity and economic contributions of SSFs and to analyse the performance of SSFs in terms of net income per fisher. Our results show that the mean total landed value from SSFs is approximately 35 million US$·year〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉, which represents almost 25% of the total annual value of Spanish SSF landings and almost 4% of the value of European Union SSF landings. Our study reveals that from 2008 to 2014, the total landed value of the fishing fleet operating in the area has decreased by 11.8 million US$·year〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉, a decrease of 18.8% within the seven-year study period. The study also indicates that floating shellfisheries are by far the type of fishing gear that generates the largest total landings and landed value in the 〈em〉Ria de Arousa,〈/em〉 generating a mean revenue of 19.66 million US$·year〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉. The total economic weight of floating shellfisheries together with the high distribution of licenses provides license holders with year-round economic stability. The combination of the number of fishing gear selected and the number of species that generate their revenues plays an important role in shaping fishers' ability to obtain an income from SSFs. Nevertheless, high dependence on and specialisation in shellfisheries could reduce fishers' social-ecological resilience and hamper their ability to cope with uncertain natural dynamics in changing ecosystems. We find that the net income per fisher varies between 4,000 and 42,000 US$·year〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉, with a mean net income per fisher of 21,800 US$·year〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉. Taking into account the Spanish minimum wage, almost 40% of fishers in the study area earn at least the minimum wage, 8% earn almost double the minimum wage, and 1.4% make three times the minimum wage. From a global perspective, we found that only three out of the 33 countries analysed present fishers' net incomes that are above or almost equal to the national average wage and far above each country's minimum wage.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 12 June 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Pascal Dumas, Suzanne C. Mills, Grégoire Moutardier, Sompert Gereva, Ricardo Beldade, Jayven Ham, Rocky Kaku, Mehdi Adjeroud〈/p〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 December 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 166〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): A. Giorgetti, E. Partescano, A. Barth, L. Buga, J. Gatti, G. Giorgi, A. Iona, M. Lipizer, N. Holdsworth, M.M. Larsen, D. Schaap, M. Vinci, M. Wenzer〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Scientific research as well as management of the marine environment, and sustainable blue growth are based on the availability of quality-assured observations, reliable data and solid scientific-based information. These represent three consecutive steps of Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom paradigm on the pyramid of wisdom, providing different layers of information. EMODnet (European Marine Observation and Data network) is one of the key infrastructures engaged in collecting, facilitating access and promoting use and re-use of marine observation and data products for both scientific research and marine environmental management. Its Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) represents a powerful mechanism to support the implementation of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive Article 19.3 in accordance with the INSPIRE Directive standards and implementing rules. Standardized, harmonized and validated chemical data collections are made available for water quality evaluation at a regional scale, establishing interoperability between the data sets from the many different providers (more than 60 in EMODnet Chemistry). Concentration maps of nutrients, chlorophyll-a and dissolved oxygen are computed on a standard grid, providing information at a regular time interval, per season and over several vertical layers, including the deepest one. Dedicated Open Geospatial Consortium standard services for browsing, viewing and downloading chemistry observation data and data products for the European waters have been developed, and are actively maintained and monitored. These results can provide knowledge layers and can also answer the needs of the directive on Maritime Spatial Planning (EU, 2014), which requires the integration of multidisciplinary data and information on the state of the marine environment with maritime and human activities.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 November 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 165〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Shengle Yin, Aigo Takeshige, Yoichi Miyake, Shingo Kimura〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The coastal areas are subject to increasing exploitation and diverse functions. The widely conducted aquaculture activities intensify the stress at the coastal areas and bring new challenges to aquaculture and sustainable coastal management. The suitable site selection is an optimistic way to minimizing stress on ecosystem, enhancing productive harvests, and mitigating conflicts between different water users. This study aims to demonstrate a local-oriented approach for selecting suitable locations for mussel cultivation in the Menai Strait by conducting Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA), which takes environmental and socio-economic factors into consideration. A high resolution hydrodynamic model was built to overcome data scarcity by providing data sets. Interviews and a questionnaire survey were organized to engage local stakeholders into decision-making process. The result suggested two separated areas that suitable for mussel cultivation, which covers 20.5% of the whole region (8.8 km〈sup〉2〈/sup〉). The environmentally productive area differed significantly from socio-economically suitable area, which indicated that both categories of evaluation criteria need to be concurrently considered to achieve high production as well as prevent conflicts among stakeholders. This selection method provides a way to overcome data scarcity and engage local stakeholders, and its implementation has the potential to contribute to the sustainable coastal development by reducing potential conflicts among users at the planning stage.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 November 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 165〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Kathleen M. Fallon, Qing Lai, Stephen P. Leatherman〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Rip currents are the number one hazard to bathers at surf beaches. They form as water trapped on the beach moves in a concentrated flow offshore. Miami Beach, Florida is a popular tourist destination and also one of the most deadly beaches in the United States regarding rip-related fatalities. In this study, surveys were used to quantify the public's recognition of rip currents based on factors that included their sociodemographic composition and behavioral characteristics. The responses were analyzed using regression models, which tended to indicate that education level, rip current literacy, and confidence in spotting a rip influenced the beachgoer's ability to recognize a rip current. However, the multivariate model showed a person's education is the only significant variable. A beachgoer's verbal understanding of rip currents does not relate to their visual recognition ability and vice versa. This survey has gathered valuable information that can be used by Miami Beach to create rip current awareness programs that target the most at-risk populations.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 21 September 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Quanli Wang, Yi Li, Yangfan Li〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Coastal area is a typical, complex area interacted between terrestrial and ocean systems. Catastrophic regime shifts of coastal ecosystem may occur as a result of gradual changing forces exerted by external factors. In this study, we presented an indicator-based framework which includes the land-water-biodiversity (LWB) nexus indices of catastrophe analysis to emphasize resilience of Xiamen, a coastal city of China, associated with implementation of integrated coastal management (ICM). The results demonstrate the changes of equilibria in land, water, and biodiversity subsystems that were divided into three periods (1996–2000, 2000–2012, and 2012–2015). The implementation of several ICMs helped to preserve resilient coastal ecosystems since 1997, which indicates effective guidance of resilient coastal management on coastal land, water and biodiversity. Based on trends of indicator changes, we identified the main indicators controlling catastrophic transformation of the LWB nexus system state, which include built-up area and coastal reclaimed area in land subsystem, seawater quality in water subsystem, and all four biodiversity indices. The identified key drivers to catastrophic regime shifts can help to navigate decision making in resilient coastal ecosystem management. The Xiamen case study provides a systematic and quantitative framework for resilience assessment of integrated coastal management and sustainable development.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0964569118305908-fx1.jpg" width="290" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 November 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 165〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Gabriele Ferretti, Simone Barani, Davide Scafidi, Marco Capello, Laura Cutroneo, Greta Vagge, Giovanni Besio〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The monitoring of sea wave parameters, such as the significant wave height, represents a fundamental issue for several economic activities. The use of buoy networks is nowadays a standard approach in sea wave monitoring. However, due to their maintenance costs, both a widespread coverage of monitored areas and the acquisition of continual stream of data appear problematic in any coastal area. In this work, we present an automatic procedure for the near real-time monitoring of the significant sea wave height through microseism recordings. The procedure relies on a set of empirical prediction relations that are calibrated on existing datasets of hindcast sea wave heights, which were computed from wave modeling in the Mediterranean basin. This automatic procedure is developed and tested for monitoring the sea wave height along the Ligurian coast, covering an area of almost 5000 km〈sup〉2〈/sup〉. On average, our predictions are found to be within a few centimeters from the reference hindcast data, thus showing the overall reliability of the procedure. The accuracy of our procedure has been also confirmed by the good agreement between the predicted significant sea wave heights and the sea wave heights measured at two buoys in the Ligurian Sea, with differences that, on average, are within 20 cm. Compared to conventional monitoring systems based on wave measuring buoys, the procedure proposed in this work allows the minimization of data acquisition interruption due to instrumental breakage, and a widespread, uniform monitoring of sea areas, particularly in the proximity of the shoreline, where structures and infrastructures are more exposed to sea storms.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 15 June 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Lisa Boström-Einarsson〈/p〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 November 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 165〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): O. Revuelta, F. Domènech, N. Fraija-Fernández, P. Gozalbes, O. Novillo, J. Penadés-Suay, J. Tomás〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈p〉Coastal waters of the Valencia region are important habitats for bottlenose dolphins, but also important fishing grounds for artisanal fisheries. No studies have been carried out here to investigate the overlap and interactions between the fishing grounds and dolphin habitat. The present study aims to assess the potential occurrence of interactions between artisanal fisheries and bottlenose dolphins in these waters. Face to face interviews were conducted to investigate for the first time artisanal fishermen's perceptions of their interactions with bottlenose dolphins.〈/p〉 〈p〉A total of 131 fishermen (40.1% of the artisanal fleet for the Valencia region) participated of research. Among the interviewed fishermen, 86.1% perceived that dolphins damaged fishing gear as they attempted to feed, and they also detected significant direct damage to fish. Of all fishermen reporting a negative interaction with bottlenose dolphins, 76.3% also reported financial loss (2907.1 ± 2512.7 €/year (100–12,000). Despite the high level of interaction with dolphins reported, fishermen do not consider bycatch to be an important threat for bottlenose dolphins. Our results show geographical differences in fishermen's perceptions of damage caused by dolphins: while dolphins were considered to be the second cause of economic loss in the southernmost ports, fishermen from the northern ports considered interaction with bottom trawl boats to be more harmful than interaction with dolphins. The more intense interaction reported by fishermen in fishing ports in the southern study area may be associated with higher presence of bottlenose dolphin in these zones. Our study provides a useful insight into fishermen's perceptions of interaction between bottlenose dolphins and artisanal fisheries in this key area for the species in the western Mediterranean Sea. It also highlights the need for future work including direct observations of interactions and damage to gather reliable data to assess the need for conservation measures.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 December 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 166〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): V. Flego, M. Roić〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉An efficient management and planning of activities on the sea and in coastal zones require prompt and accurate information about existing tenure, i.e. information about the rights, restrictions and responsibilities in effect on a certain area, either marine, onshore, or both. The most straightforward solution to the growing need of registration of tenure on marine areas is extending the competence of onshore land registers over the coast to marine area. In this paper the official registers of land tenure appropriate for registration of marine areas in Republic of Croatia are studied. The registered data on marine areas from official registers in the test area of Primorsko – goranska county from 2012 to 2016 have been analyzed in order to classify the registered areas as marine and to determine the increase of registered objects, as a consequence of maritime and coastal activity. Because of the multitude of registers and lack of coordination in registration process some inconsistences were detected with suggestions for standardization, institutional and procedural improvements in order to achieve a better support of official registers for integrated coastal management.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 November 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 165〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Grzegorz Uścinowicz, Tomasz Szarafin〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The indiccatory forecasting of coastal zone changes is extremely important in view of proper management of this zone. Intense pressure on the development of coastal areas makes the importance of forecasting changes increased. The study presents prognostic variants (forecasts) for various development trends of the micro-tidal, wave dominated sea coast (Polish part of the Southern Baltic Sea) in the next 15 years. The main idea was to compare changes and to analyse them using various geoprocessing and statistical techniques based on the spatial analyses of different cartographical materials and extrapolation of historical trends. The basic premise for achieving this objective was to implement the problem-solving principle that makes the fewest possible assumptions. The performed works aimed at mapping the course of the shoreline at various time periods revealed significant changes in its location. All the presented forecasts (“shoreline extrapolation models” and “averaged shoreline changes model”) are characterized by certain volatility and specific features. In authors' opinion the “averaged shoreline changes model” is the most suitable for bulk visualization of shoreline changes. It averages short-term variables that can affect transparency of the image. It also allows avoiding the accumulation of errors that can have an imprint on shoreline variations. The largest forecasted shoreline changes may exceed 100 m. However, this value is highly controversial. The forecast based on the course of the dune base shows more stable situation and the expected changes have a marginal extent. The biggest differences between the two prognostic lines generated basing on the rate from periods 2010–2016 and 2001–2016 can reach up to 40 m. The “averaged shoreline changes model” (which in authors' opinion is the most suitable for bulk visualization) indicates the shoreline changes will affect the beach-wide part of the coast (up to almost 70 m). The biggest dislocation of shoreline will occur in the area of the most intense erosion (vicinity of 144–145 km and 155.5 km) and can affect the dune base.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S096456911830190X-fx1.jpg" width="500" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 22 May 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jie Su, Benrong Peng〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉We develop a systematic approach for evaluating the trade-offs between different policies governing coastal land and sea area uses under an integrated coastal management (ICM) programme. The analytical framework includes multiple marine industry sectors (e.g., port, shipping and coastal tourism) as well as social and environmental sectors (e.g., employment and ecosystem services). The net benefit measure captures social, economic and environmental effects. We apply our analytical model to Xiamen, China, using empirical data from 2011 to 2015. Results of the case study show that the implementation of land and sea use policies under the ICM framework has led to a significant increase (over 7%) in annual net benefit. Thus, the Xiamen ICM programme has improved the efficiency of marine resource use. As an adaptive management approach, the introduction of revised marine function zoning scheme under an ICM framework may help to achieve sustainable development.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 November 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 165〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Pablo Álvarez, Ileana Espejel, Gerardo Bocco, Micheline Cariño, Georges Seingier〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Environmental history studies have focused on the negative environmental and equal rights access to natural resources, more recently scholars becoming interested in the study of successful cases of natural resources management. We present a successful co-management fisheries case that is product of a century of environmental history in the Mexican North Pacific region. In this historical process, the passage from rancher settlers to well-organized fishermen in fishing cooperatives took place together with the transition from an intensive exploitation to a sustainable co-management system. External factors played a crucial role in regional fisheries development, first by triggering their being with the arrival of a Japanese company and, afterwards by changing its course during the Great Depression. Two current threats have emerged from unpredictable and detrimental marine environmental factors related to global warming, and from cultural roots loss due, once more, to external factors. We conclude that, at present, the nature of the next historical stage of this enlightened environmental history self-learning case remains unknown.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 November 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 165〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ronny Vallejos, Francisco Yandún, Marcelo A. San Martín, Victoria Escobar, Catalina Román, Fernando Auat Cheein〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The measurement of total catch on-board a fishing vessel is generally a very complex process, especially to scientific observers. In this context, hauls of large volume, intricate fishing operations and limited access to the capture increase this problem. In this paper, we propose a methodology to address the estimation of catch volume in codends of a crustacean fishery through LiDAR (light and radar) technology. A sensor was used to acquire a three-dimensional representation of an object located at a fixed distance from the device, thereby simulating a fishing codend. Then, a convex-hull algorithm was applied to this representation to obtain an estimation of its volume. Additionally, to obtain further insights, an experimental laboratory setup was used to emulate the volume estimation of catches on a fishing vessel. The dataset acquired by the system was subsequently analyzed to study the percentage errors associated with the estimation process and to test whether the selected variables are significant. The results indicate that there is considerable uncertainty related to the volume estimation, but it can be addressed using a statistical model. This work constitutes the first attempt to provide a methodology to estimate the catch volume of a codend in a Chilean fishery by generating new measurement alternatives for fishery monitoring programs, enforcement and management institutions, as well as the fishing industry.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 November 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 165〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Luci Cajueiro Carneiro Pereira, Rosigleyse Corrêa de Sousa-Felix, Rauquírio Marinho da Costa, José António Jimenez〈/p〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 November 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 165〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Khyal A. Zahra〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Al-Ahlam Sea Resort is located at km 92 of International Coastal Road on the Northwest Coast of Egypt. Coastal projects, such as shore-parallel breakwaters cause man-induced coastal changes. Consequently, the stages of their implementation almost affect the shoreline changes and sedimentation in the area. Hence, many problems associated with these structures induce beach erosion on down-drift side which may extend beyond the project area. The study objectives are to evaluate factors inducing the problems, assess the impact of the delay of construction phases of the breakwater on the bay and shoreline, and estimate the economic and environmental losses, hence proposing immediate and permanent appropriate measures. These have been achieved based on analyses of shoreline changes, sea level variations, waves and marine survey during the period between 2008 and 2015. The implementation plan of the submerged breakwater project was scheduled to start on 2010 and end on 2012, ignoring the periods of extreme waves, storms and summer swells. Due to difficulties facing the execution company in work in the project area during the last five years, the project is still under implementation and only about 60% of its recommended works has been achieved. The present study defines the existing conditions prevailing the project area and changes that have been instigated due to delay in the project execution schedule using field data and marine surveys performed during the period between 2010 and 2015. The study revealed that the area was subjected to sever erosion in the eastern zone and its adjacent area led to a loss in beach sand reached to 45000 m〈sup〉3〈/sup〉. Besides, in the western side, sedimentation is prevailing due to the constructed artificial lagoon used for maintenance operations of the implementation marine equipment. This sedimentation leads to difficulties in the entry and departure to and from the lagoon. The study indicated that the delay of the implementation of the breakwater caused shoreline and morphology changes. These led to economic and environmental losses exceeds 2.0 million USD about 30% of the estimated original cost. The study recommended immediate start-up dredging works in the western zone and the middle sector of the project area to facilitate the maneuvering of the marine equipment, which can speed up the implementation process in order to finalize the execution of the breakwater and to reduce the economic and environmental losses. The equilibrium of the shoreline and the bay in case of completion of the submerged breakwater has been checked by application of MIKE 21 Numerical Model.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 November 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 165〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Chanda J. Littles, Chloe A. Jackson, Theodore H. DeWitt, Matthew C. Harwell〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Coastal ecosystem goods and services (EGS) have steadily gained traction in the scientific literature over the last few decades, providing a wealth of information about underlying coastal habitat dependencies. This meta-analysis summarizes relationships between coastal habitats and final ecosystem goods and services (FEGS) users. Through a “weight of evidence” approach synthesizing information from published literature, we assessed habitat classes most relevant to coastal users. Approximately 2800 coastal EGS journal articles were identified by online search engines, of which 16% addressed linkages between specific coastal habitats and FEGS users, and were retained for subsequent analysis. Recreational (83%) and industrial (35%) users were most cited in literature, with experiential-users/hikers and commercial fishermen most prominent in each category, respectively. Recreational users were linked to the widest diversity of coastal habitat subclasses (i.e., 22 of 26). Whereas, mangroves and emergent wetlands were most relevant for property owners. We urge EGS studies to continue surveying local users and identifying habitat dependencies, as these steps are important precursors for developing appropriate coastal FEGS metrics and facilitating local valuation. In addition, understanding how habitats contribute to human well-being may assist communities in prioritizing restoration and evaluating development scenarios in the context of future ecosystem service delivery.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0964569118303478-fx1.jpg" width="500" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 November 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 165〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ratnayakage Sameera Maduranga Samarasekara, Jun Sasaki, Ravindra Jayaratne, Takayuki Suzuki, R.A.S. Ranawaka, Sakuntha D. Pathmasiri〈/p〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 December 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 166〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Zacharoula Kyriazi〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Conflicts related to the use of marine space may emerge both at the spatial and the decision making level, prior to and/or after the adoption of a marine spatial plan. Marine conflict management is inherent in marine spatial planning (MSP) and should include three stages: a) identification of compatibilities and conflicts, b) avoidance of conflicts, and if required c) resolution of conflicts. Various decision support tools and processes tested so far that aim to address marine conflict management have proved successful in providing identification and visualization of spatial conflicts and compatibilities and their relevant trade-offs and thus in assisting in conflict avoidance efforts. However, in case conflict resolution is required, they fail to provide a final solution (e.g. allocation of space) acceptable by all parties involved. This happens because the (spatial) allocation rules that these processes adopt usually focus only on ensuring efficiency that is not enough to guarantee a (single) mutually acceptable solution. In the present paper, it is suggested that apart from ensuring efficiency, a solution should also ensure fairness, equity, transparency, sustainability and consideration of synergies that may emerge, both at the spatial and at the decision making level. In conclusion, there is no single tool or process that can satisfactory address all conflict management stages, and thus a careful selection and combination of decision support tools and processes is required to facilitate the production of an integrated mutually acceptable marine spatial plan.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 December 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 166〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Carlos V.C. Weiss, Bárbara Ondiviela, Xabier Guinda, Fernando del Jesus, Javier González, Raúl Guanche, José A. Juanes〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Integrated Offshore Management is a future challenge for the development of sustainable growth of marine economies. The progressive increase in worldwide demands for marine-based renewable energies combined with higher market demands for aquaculture-based food requires better knowledge on marine spatial planning tools that allow optimizing the use of this space for different purposes. That is the case of energy production and aquaculture activities, in which synergistic and competitive interactions must be thoroughly analyzed at an appropriate scale. The present study proposes a specific methodology that integrates several selection criteria responding simultaneously to the needs and limitations of marine aquaculture and renewable energy production, aiming to identify opportunities for the co-location of these activities. The methodology was implemented over 25 km of the coastal fringe of four islands of the Canary Archipelago, applying a multi-criteria approach based on independent probabilistic suitability and mapping analysis (time series of 20–30 years) for: 〈em〉(i)〈/em〉 wind and wave energy production potential; 〈em〉(ii)〈/em〉 structural requirements for aquaculture cages and energy devices; 〈em〉(iii)〈/em〉 limits for operation and maintenance activities; 〈em〉(iv)〈/em〉 feasibility to transport energy to the grid; and 〈em〉(v)〈/em〉 biological requirements for eight species of fish. A stepwise procedure was carried out, including: 1) suitability for wave, wind and aquaculture activities, with spatial resolution of 0.01° (0–1 probability scale); and 2) integrated co-location mapping, considering suitability for each activity. Opportunities for the co-location of wind and aquaculture farms were identified in the southeastern portion of the islands, while in Tenerife and Fuerteventura wave-wind devices co-location opportunities were identified. Thus, opportunities for marine aquaculture and renewable energy were demonstrated in the present case study applying a preliminary assessment of the potential exploitation of these resources.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 January 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 167〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Isabela de Abreu Rodrigues Ponte, Caroline Vieira Feitosa〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈em〉Holothuria grisea〈/em〉 is abundant in Brazil, however there is only one study on this species. This study aimed to characterize the sea cucumber fishery in the State of Ceará, Brazil, through the evaluation of the capture, length classes most susceptible to catch, fishing effort as well as the processing, stakeholders characterization, income and marketing of the final product. The study was carried out in two fishing communities (Xavier and Camocim) from August 2015 to July 2016. Processing is performed in four stages: evisceration, cooking, draining and drying. The fishing cycle occurs in spring tides. The annual catch was 12,341 kg, which was totally commercialized. The 〈em〉t〈/em〉-test shows that there was no significant difference for capture per unit effort (CPUE) and fishing effort between communities. The processed individuals showed an average loss of 79% weight and 49% length. 66% of the captured organisms were below the size at first maturity. This activity plays an important role as complementary income. However, this is an unreported and unregulated activity and an intense fishing pressure can lead to overexploitation of this resource. This study is essential to not only the knowledge of the dynamics of this activity, but also as an attempt to contribute to a future fishery management.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 16 March 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Nengwang Chen, Huasheng Hong, Xinjuan Gao〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Most urbanized coastal cities lack fresh water resources and rely on water supply from adjacent inland watersheds. Numerous threats, including global climate change and various human activities, affect both the quantity and quality of fresh water available. Here we carried out a case study of Xiamen, a coastal city in subtropical China. Long-term data analysis showed the increasing floods and droughts that are the expected main impacts of climate change on water quality and quantity. Increasing eutrophication and harmful algal blooms in recent decades threaten water quality in Jiangdong reservoir, which supplies raw water to Xiamen and other coastal areas. In addition to excessive manganese (Mn) in surface water, other potential threats to water quality and human health include various emerging contaminants; these threats have all been scientifically detected but are beyond the scope of routine water-monitoring programs. Based on lessons learned from water supply management initiatives currently in progress, we proposed a conceptual framework for “source-to-tap” integrated water management in an attempt to secure clean and safe water supply. Long-term monitoring and research, adaptive management and actions to reduce nutrients and other pollutants loading are vital to protect water sources, and measures to adapt to climate change should be considered to achieve these goals. Institutional enablers for transboundary and cross-sector management were also suggested: enacting integrated water policies, developing an ecological compensation policy, authorizing the management institution, improving the incentive mechanism of cross-border compensation and transfer payments considering environmental responsibility, and encouraging multiple-stakeholder involvement.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0964569117308165-fx1.jpg" width="388" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 December 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 166〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ricardo Haroun, Andrej Abramic, Francisco Otero-Ferrer〈/p〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 November 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 165〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Rebeca Oliveira Castro, Melanie Lopes da Silva, Fábio Vieira de Araújo〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The microplastic studies in the world is increasing, reflecting concern about its effects on the ecosystem. The same happened in Brazil, especially in the last six years, but few places were monitored. Thus, a literature review was conducted to collect data on microplastic pollution in Brazilian aquatic ecosystems, analyzing this pollutant in samples of sandy sediments, plankton and other invertebrates and vertebrates. As results, we highlight the following points: 56% of the studies were published in the Journal Marine Pollution Bulletin; collaborative and independent studies presented the same number; the Brazilian Northeast and Southeast were the most studied areas; the investigation of microplastics associated with biota was highlighted (46% of studies); only one study was conducted in a freshwater environment. Based on this review, we identified the subjects that would be more studied in researches in the Brazilian environment about microplastics. The monitoring of microplastics must be continuous to verify the impacts of this material and extend the understanding of this problem.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 November 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 165〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Chung-Ling Chen, Po-Hsiu Kuo, Tuey-Chih Lee, Chien-Ho Liu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Styrofoam buoy marine debris from oyster farming presents a tough management issue in Taiwan. It is an environmental externality but its associated environmental costs have long been neglected. In the pursuit of environmental sustainability, efforts by authorities have been made; yet the problem remains. In an attempt to enhance Styrofoam buoy marine debris management, this paper used document analysis, participative workshops and interviews to identify areas of concern regarding current management measures and propose recommendations. The results found that failure to impose buoy recovery, inevitable loss of buoys and unavailability of equally competitive, eco-friendly alternative buoys are major areas of concern. Built on the modes of governance (hierarchical, market and participative), the paper proposed recommendations, including enhancing farmer self-governance units' capacity to manage derelict fishing gear (DFG), strengthening Styrofoam buoy recovery, increasing farmers' awareness of DFG, developing eco-friendly buoys, instituting an ecolabeling program for Styrofoam-free oysters. The recommendations involve participation of farmers, decision makers and consumers and mostly rely on the government's initiation and support. The paper particularly highlighted the political sensitivity of a recommendation regarding phasing out the use of Styrofoam buoys and suggested it serve as a last resort and be practiced depending on fulfillment of circumstantial situations. Finally, the paper advised extra attention be paid on public participation in regulation-making, a mismatch between the scope of the problem and the jurisdiction of a local city and adaptive management, if any change to the status quo occurs.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 November 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 165〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): A. Ben-Hasan, C. Walters, R. Louton, V. Christensen, U.R. Sumaila, H. Al-Foudari〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In complex dynamic systems like fisheries, recognizing fishing-effort responses is as critical as understanding the biology of the exploited species for making sensible management decisions. In highly seasonal fisheries, it is theoretically possible for an “interannual bionomic equilibrium” to develop under open-access, where fleet dynamics may result in balanced year-to-year harvesting due to decreasing income per time fishing as biomass declines, without endangering the sustainability of the stock. However, in some conditions, this interannual bionomic equilibrium can be pathologically low leading to overfishing and amplification of extinction risks. Here we draw three cases from short-lived and fast-growing invertebrate fisheries to illustrate two distinct effort response dynamics: (a) fishing-effort responses that lead to healthy interannual bionomic equilibrium; and (b) fishing-effort responses in which fishing remains profitable over the entire season, hence, allowing fishing fleets to maintain a high fishing-effort throughout the season. Analyzing long-term within-year catch and effort data, we found that both Gulf of Mexico shrimp and North Territory giant crab fisheries are likely currently at healthy interannual bionomic equilibria, while certain socioeconomic drivers enable the Kuwait shrimp fishery to maintain high effort through the entire shrimping season. Our findings suggest that input controls are less effective in short-lived invertebrate fisheries that exhibit fishing-effort proportional to declining stock abundance. Conversely, if not regulated, the abundance-insensitive fishing-effort response could pose biological risks and habitat destruction. Therefore, we emphasize that in common-property seasonal fisheries, fishing-effort responses be scrutinized to distinguish factors that might undermine resource sustainability.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 November 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 165〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Stewart Angus〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Exposed, low-lying dune-wetland habitat complexes may have multi-faceted functionality that means they are effectively meta-ecosystems, where inter-acting nearshore, littoral, dune and freshwater components and processes must be considered together, sometimes in conjunction with interactions with contiguous inland habitats. The low-lying dune-machair-marsh-loch (lake) ecosystems of South Uist, Benbecula and North Uist in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland exhibit such functionality, and investigation of a former loch basin at the south end of South Uist has revealed an unexpected level of complexity that also identifies a particularly high exposure to climate change in the coastal hinterland, particularly in terms of water relationships, though the possibility of significant change to the coastal frontage must also be considered in contingency planning. This investigation is described by sector, then drawn together in the context of climate change. It is suggested that the environmental setting of the Uists conforms to the concept of the meta-ecosystem in spatial terms, but with additional legacy and socio-economic components, so that there is effectively a socio-spatio-temporal meta-ecosystem. It is vital that this complexity is understood and accommodated in all flood contingency and adaptation planning, and the paper attempts to assist this by presenting an overview of the functional role and context of water in the coastal lowlands of the Uists.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 January 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 167〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): L. Mucerino, M. Albarella, L. Carpi, G. Besio, A. Benedetti, N. Corradi, M. Firpo, M. Ferrari〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈p〉This paper illustrates a novel coastal exposure assessment approach. The approach is based on the employment of the model chain 〈em〉WavewatchIII+XBeach〈/em〉, which is first used to draw a map showing the extent of the populated areas that are likely to be interested by flooding, and subsequently to establish the exposure of the area to specific events. The model chain is calibrated by comparing the simulated runup values of a storm with those obtained by processing on-field images recorded by a camera system. The approach herein presented allows to take into account the local coastal geomorphology features and hydrodynamics of the area so as to obtain locally accurate results. The information collected is usable by local beach managers in coastal management planning.〈/p〉 〈p〉The method is applied on Bonassola beach, which is a pocket beach located on the NW Mediterranean along the Eastern coast of Liguria, Italy. Weather and offshore waves data collected during the last 16 years were used. The application of this method has allowed to draw a map of the areas that are subject to flooding during storms and has correctly stated that three of the seven biggest storms in the last 16 years would eventually result into flooding of populated area. The study has also shown that the exposure of the study area to the storms is sensitive to the period and the direction of the waves.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 November 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 165〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Suzannah-Lynn Billing〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Research and development in the aquaculture industry tends to focus on environmental and economic outcomes. However, with increasing use of marine space, competition between different industries and priorities for coastal communities is a social issue that is coming to the fore. Public perception and local social acceptability have been identified by the industry as key factors in the sustainable growth of finfish aquaculture. With the EU, and the UK and Scottish Governments targeting Blue Growth sectors for development, the drivers of social acceptability issues with finfish aquaculture require attention. Social Licence to Operate (SLO) is a theory which has proved useful in describing the relationship between industry and local communities. This study thematically analyses public comments made on planning applications for new finfish farms in Scotland, and uses SLO theory to explore local scale social interactions and the drivers of public perception of the aquaculture industry. It reveals the complexities of SLO, including areas of concern for engaged members of the public and shows that there are key actors which shape and drive engagement with the debate around whether finfish farms are acceptable. It finds that information used by the public to make decisions around aquaculture is often compiled and distributed by the key actors. This brings into question how much influence local communities have in SLO negotiations. Finally, it reflects that further thought and dialogue within and between research institutes, regulators, industry and local communities is needed to create a more equitable approach to negotiating SLO for finfish aquaculture.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 November 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 165〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yiping Chen, Yiqun Wei, Lihong Peng〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Reclamation plays an important role in alleviating the contradiction between the supply and demand of land. But its environmental negative effect is also obviously. Considerable research has been conducted on the environmental impact assessments of reclamation activities, but few and scattered studies have focused on how to reduce the negative impacts of reclamation projects on coastal ecosystems. Therefore, this paper considered the ecological technology integration study of reclamation construction as the breakthrough point. China, which has the highest reclamation scale worldwide, was also selected as the main research area, and its representative seaports were selected as the subjects of the study. Then, questionnaire survey and literature analysis were conducted. The ecological technology model and path of the seaport reclamation construction were studied by focusing on port site selection, port plane layout, wharf structure and plane form. Construction material selection and ecological restoration construction projects were also investigated. The suggestions regarding scientific demonstration and planning of port site selection, ecological port plane design and structure, application and innovation of recycling economy technology, and active construction of ecological restoration engineering were provided. The purpose of this research is to determine the effective implementation of ecological and environmentally friendly reclamation under a reasonable management scale, thus providing a reference for establishing the ecological technology model of reclamation and promoting the effective protection and sustainable development of marine resources from the perspective of source planning and management.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 November 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 165〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Moritz Stäbler, Alexander Kempf, Axel Temming〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈p〉Single species stock assessment models are, and will remain, the workhorse of fisheries management. However, they are incapable of assessing the structure and functioning of the ecosystem the fisheries operate in. This study describes the trophic structure of the southern North Sea and the flows between the nodes of its food-web. It is based on the outputs of an 〈em〉Ecopath〈/em〉 food-web model of the North Sea south of the Skagerrak (ICES area VIb and c), parametrized representing the year 1991. The study also compares the southern to a whole North Sea 〈em〉Ecopath〈/em〉 model (whole ICES area IV) parametrized for the same year, 1991.〈/p〉 〈p〉The two dominant flows of biomass led from primary producers to detritus, and from there into benthos. The southern North Sea differed from the whole North Sea representation in its fish community composition, primarily attributable to the biogeography of the species. Flatfish were caught more and roundfish less in the south, even with a nominally identically gear, to wit, otter trawlers. The largely different fish and catch compositions call for a specific, local management of the shallow southern North Sea's fisheries, which is based on ecosystem boundaries, rather than politically defined areas.〈/p〉 〈p〉Beyond fished stocks, food-web network indicators suggest that both systems functioned similarly, if compared to a global set of 〈em〉Ecopath〈/em〉 models. They also deem the 1991 North Sea and its southern sub-part a densely woven, mature and resilient food-web.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 December 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 166〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Natașa Văidianu, Mădălina Ristea〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉During the last decades, increasing demands on marine resources and unsustainable activities taking place in the marine area compromise the future use of the marine environment. In July 2014 the European Parliament and Council established a Guideline Framework for marine/maritime spatial planning (MSP). MSP is a useful and cost-effective tool for sustainable development, together with regulation and protection of the marine environment. Within this context, Romania has started to proceed and incorporate it in the national legislation framework; in 2017, it has also established a competent authority for its implementation so that marine spatial plans can be enacted by 31 March 2021. In this study, a first approach for MSP framework in Romania was developed, enabling the mapping of all current human activities related to shipping, oil and gas exploitation, fisheries, tourism and environmental status, in order to identify overlaps or potential conflicts among users. This paper identifies key challenges and concerns anticipated to emerge from incorporation of MSP in the national spatial planning framework as it is currently organized: a) Romanian stakeholders have a relatively poor understanding of European, national and regional sea planning regulations, b) concerns related to MSP implementation at regulatory level, c) huge need for sharing of MSP-relevant information for a coherent planning, d) challenges of assessing the needs of interconnected ecosystems (including relevant EU and international legislation). In this context, our study covers highly actual aspects concerning the way the marine spatial planning process evolves and will contribute to deliver a coherent approach to reduce conflicts of the Romanian marine environment, a proper MSP implementation, as well as minimizing the pressures and impacts on the marine resources.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 January 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 167〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jessica Alessi, Fabrizio Bruccoleri, Valentina Cafaro〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Citizen science projects are an advantageous method to carry out research in the marine environmental field, especially concerning high mobile and often elusive species like cetaceans, allowing the collection of data in wide spatial-temporal scale. This project aims to validate the feasibility and accuracy of cetacean monitoring program through the citizen science approach and to test the efficiency of this method to large scale study area. In this work data obtained by researchers monitoring were compared with data coming from citizen, which followed specifically developed protocol. Data collected were used to investigate the presence and distribution of bottlenose dolphins (〈em〉Tursiops truncatus〈/em〉) in the Sicilian Channel and to evaluate the contribution of citizen scientist to improve knowledge about species, in this case for bottlenose dolphin a vulnerable species listed in the Annex II of Habitat Directive (92/43 CE). The results show that citizen dataset contributes to increase the distribution map of the 22% more than only research data were considered. Citizen science programme results useful to gain information in small areas not monitored by scientific programs, such as in this study, and they would be very useful if applied at large-scale. The promotion of citizen science programs in specified small areas could be helpful to cover unmonitored zones, to gain preliminary results and bridge the gap of knowledge about species occurrence and distribution. For this reason, citizen support might help competent authorities to answer to the environmental policies as Habitat Directive and Marine Strategy Framework Directive. This study is a demonstration of how citizen can encourage scientists to start long-term research project in not regularly monitored areas.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 November 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 165〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Endang Hilmi〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Hazards in coastal areas such as tsunamis, abrasion and sea level rise may cause ecosystem degradation, building damage, and human death. One strategy to mitigate the possible impacts of such risks is to design mangrove landscaping. This design uses the wood properties of modulus of elasticity (MoE), modulus of rupture (MoR), and other properties. MoE and MoR reflect the strength of wood to reduce the impact of hydrodynamic forces in coastal areas. The destructive method was used to analyze the MoE and MoR of mangrove trees from two stations (West Segara Anakan and East Segara Anakan), which have 20 sampling plots (size 10 m × 10 m) as replicates for each station. The results showed that mangrove species have MoE score ranging from 50.000 kg cm〈sup〉−3〈/sup〉 to 171.802 kg cm〈sup〉−3〈/sup〉 and MoR score ranging from 400 kg cm〈sup〉−3〈/sup〉 to 1503.44 kg cm〈sup〉−3〈/sup〉. Accordingly, mangrove landscaping design in West and East Segara Anakan based on MoE and MoR properties were proposed with the following classes: class 1 〈em〉Rhizophora apiculata〈/em〉 and 〈em〉Bruguiera parviflora〈/em〉, class 2 B〈em〉. gymnorrhiza, B. sexangula, R. stylosa〈/em〉 and 〈em〉R. mucronata,〈/em〉 class 3 〈em〉Avicennia alba, Sonneratia alba, Xylocarpus granatum〈/em〉 and 〈em〉X. moluccensis〈/em〉 and class 4 〈em〉Nypa frutican〈/em〉 and 〈em〉Casuarina equisetifolia.〈/em〉〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 November 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 165〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Shazmin Shareena Ab. Azis, Ibrahim Sipan, Maimunah Sapri, Ab Muin Zafirah〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstracts〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The uniqueness of the mangrove habitat has contributed to the economic development of a number of countries, through the expansion of ecotourism activities, including in Malaysia. Careful consideration is crucial for ensuring mangrove ecosystems are well preserved and protected through ecotourism activities. Studies have highlighted that incongruous ecotourism products have led to failures in the ecotourism industry. Therefore to support both economic development and efforts to conserve mangrove ecosystems, this study has sought to support the establishment of a highly influential ecotourism product for Malaysia's national, local and international mangrove ecotourism industries. An ecotourism product is comprised of a physical product, activities, and facilities and services. Activities are the most influential of the mangrove ecotourism products. Physical products and activities are greatly prominent in Malaysia. In particular, physical products are commonly selected by local visitors as being important for encouraging them to visit, while activities are mostly selected by local and national visitors. Most facilities and services appeal to Malaysians, while very individual sets of facilities and services appeal to international visitors. Findings have confirmed that highly influential ecotourism products for mangrove ecotourism are safe for the mangrove ecosystem. This finding is significant for economic development, and also for conservation efforts regarding the mangrove ecosystem.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 November 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 165〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Alba Garcia Rodriguez, Lucia M. Fanning〈/p〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 January 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 167〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Mirella de Oliveira Leis, Rodolphe Devillers, Rodrigo Pereira Medeiros, Ratana Chuenpagdee〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This paper proposes an ‘exploratory mapping’ approach that can be employed in the early stages of a marine protected area planning process. While stakeholders' involvement in conservation has increased, it often only starts after the decision has been made about where the protected areas will be located. The lack of proper engagement with resource users raises questions about transparency and legitimacy of marine conservation initiatives, hampering their successful implementation. The proposed mapping approach offers a simple way to incorporate in the planning process what small-scale fishers consider to be important to conserve, what they value in their fishing livelihoods, and their perception about the likely impact that multiple uses of the area may cause. Conducted in a small group setting, the exploratory mapping approach is casual and conversational, using paper maps and markers to capture information and stories as they are told. The approach was tested with 14 small-scale fishers living near the Marine National Park of Currais Islands, Southern Brazil. The mapping results, based on the GIS analysis, show a high level of agreement among the study participants with respect to the ecological importance of the area under protection. The participants emphasized that, in addition to its ecological significance, the area is also important in economic and socio-cultural terms, aspects that should be considered in the planning. The study highlights how the exploratory mapping approach can provide decision makers with useful information about small-scale fishers' values and knowledge, which can help identify potential conflicts and enhance support for marine protected areas.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 November 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 165〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Amanda J. Zellmer, Heather Burdick, Ivan Medel, Daniel J. Pondella, Tom Ford〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Marine Protected Areas are rapidly becoming a central method for conservation of aquatic resources, but quantifying the success of these reserves in restricting fishing remains a challenge. Monitoring fishing has long been difficult - there are many types of fishers accessing resources in remote places from a diverse set of platforms (e.g., boat types). We used aerial surveys in conjunction with a novel application of species distribution modeling to develop a method for monitoring the change in fisher distributions following the implementation of MPAs. Aerial survey transects were conducted for 3.5 years before and after the implementation of 25 MPAs along the mainland southern California coast in 2012 and resulted in 13,558 vessel observations representing 19 different boat types. We compared actively fishing commercial and recreational vessels with non-fishing vessels to evaluate the use of MPA areas. There was a statistically significant decrease in proportion of vessels observed within MPAs from 17.5% before to 11.4% after MPA implementation, with MPA-implementation, fishing type, and the interaction all predicting the probability of a vessel being observed within MPA boundaries. Distribution models showed both an overall shift in distributions across all boat types and a decrease in predicted probability of habitat suitability of fishing within MPA boundaries after MPA implementation, although results differed among boat types. We illustrate the utility of distribution modeling for evaluating spatial patterns in human activities, providing a powerful tool for conservation biologists and demonstrate the importance of monitoring programs for establishing both baseline and response data needed for adaptive management of marine ecosystems.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 November 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 165〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ulrike Kronfeld-Goharani〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉As the ocean has moved into the focus of the political discourse on the “blue economy“, ocean industry plays a key role in shaping “blue growth” as sustainable. However, little is known about the meaning of sustainability and the status of its implementation by corporations invested in the maritime economy. The present paper addresses this gap. Drawing on the discourse theory of Laclau and Mouffe (2001 [1985]), the study explores the discourse on corporate sustainability. It was found that of 396 surveyed companies only 61 provide commitments to and reporting on the issue of sustainability. A detailed analysis of these companies showed that there has been a shift from a voluntary to a mandatory commitment to the concept as a direct consequence of being exposed to massive pressures to meet the expectations of their employees, customers and shareholders to prevent any harm to the environment, to save resources, and follow international regulations. It is argued that Laclau and Mouffe's discourse theory provides an approach to help to explain the practice of corporations in re-framing these challenges as an entrepreneurial opportunity to save costs, i.e. by avoiding fines, lawsuits, and clean-up costs, to optimize efficiency in all business sectors, to stay competitive, and to gain a better public image. The paper concludes that it is likely that the current efforts of companies with regard to the anticipated increases in the exploitation of marine resources will not be sufficient to preserve ocean health in the long run. However, there are corporate opportunities for strengthening the SDGs and contributing to a “sustainable blue growth”.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 November 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 165〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Gabriela Thompson-Saud, Stefan Gelcich, José Barraza〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Mass media is a useful way to inform the public about marine conservation, however studies about its effectiveness are lacking. This research explores the role of mass media in the diffusion of marine conservation information. Coverage of marine environmental issues in the mass media are assessed for Chile using a diversity of sources, namely, newspaper and broadcast television. In addition, public interest about conservation topics was assessed using Google Trends for Chile. Results show that there is a relatively low coverage of marine news in broadcast television and in newspapers. During the last decade, internet searches show the interest in marine conservation issues decreased and the only conservation related term, whose search increased over time, is sustainability. There is a tendency towards an increase in the number of newspaper publications related to economic and business issues. There seems to be no strategy from the environmental ministry or research institutions focused on developing a storyline related to marine conservation news in the mass media. Results stress the need to develop a long-term communications plan in order to strengthen diffusion of marine environmental impacts and conservation issues through mass media.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 November 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 165〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Rocío López de la Lama, Armando Valdés-Velasquez, Luis Huicho, Estefanía Morales, María Rivera-Ch〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Social capital has been a key factor for co-management initiatives' success in small-scale fisheries. Nonetheless, this is a complex concept, which can be operationalized in different ways and has no specific standardized measures. This research explores Peruvian scallop aquaculture in the Sechura Bay of Peru as a case study, focusing on the development of social capital among fishers, enterprises and authorities. We evaluated social capital through three of its conceptual building components: (i) trust, (ii) collaboration and reciprocity, and (iii) common norms and sanctions. Specific indicators for each component were developed for analytical purposes. We conducted 66 surveys and 12 interviews with fishers and other key stakeholders. Based on our results, there is weak social capital among aquaculture fishers, enterprises and authorities in the Sechura Bay. This is evident through the low levels of trust and collaboration, as well as the lack of respect for common norms. Weak social capital may explain the two critical problems the system is currently facing for achieving sustainability: reduced availability of seeds and unfair agreements between enterprises and fishermen associations. Strengthening social ties and collaboration can increase aquaculture's resilience at Sechura Bay.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 November 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 165〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Nygiel B. Armada, Regina Therese M. Bacalso, Rina Maria P. Rosales, Alfredo T. Lazarte〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Over the last four decades in the Philippines, a range of management tools such as marine protected area (MPA) establishment and coastal resources management (CRM) that includes localized species-specific management, marine habitat rehabilitation, and organizing communities for increased participation in planning and decision-making have led to improvements of marine habitats and fish stocks in areas where such tools were applied. In spite of these management advances, fishers particularly in the municipal fisheries sector continue to observe declines in either the quantity or quality of their catch, and attribute this not only to the continued use of highly efficient and ecologically destructive fishing gears, but also, the unregulated numbers of fishers and gears within municipal waters. Recognizing this as a pivotal challenge, the USAID-funded Ecosystems Improved for Sustainable Fisheries (ECOFISH) Project developed a process for the right-sizing of fishing effort as a potential application of the ecosystems approach to fisheries management (EAFM) to directly address the issue of unregulated fishing effort in Philippine municipal fisheries. The objective is to determine via a participatory process a configuration of fishing effort that can be sustainably supported by the ecosystem, and at the same time, can provide adequate fish catches to support the livelihood needs of fishers in a defined marine key biodiversity area (MKBA). The ecosystem and livelihood tradeoffs are investigated using the Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) modeling and simulation tool. The entire process adopts a multi-stakeholder set-up that featured highly participatory learning activities, consensus-building negotiations between local government units (LGUs), and science-based decision-making workshops. All in all, it consists of strategically tailored yet adaptive sessions to effectively engage stakeholders in understanding the concept of fishing effort right-sizing, to acquaint participants with the basic biological and ecological principles governing the fisheries, and subsequently, to raise the participants' confidence in the decision-making and negotiation processes. The consensus-based MKBA-wide fishing effort targets considered both the system-scale and the diverse localized management priority objectives of the different user representatives. Across the 8 ECOFISH MKBAs, improving equity in the access of fisheries resource benefits emerged as a principal priority objective. Improving the ecosystem structure as evidenced by large, predatory fishes and minimizing fisher displacement outweighed maximizing catch and incomes as overriding priorities in the decision-making. The project envisions that the consensus-based fishing effort allocation will ultimately serve as basis for the regulated issuance of fisheries licenses by the respective LGUs and for the right-sizing process to serve as a model for determining fishing effort allocation options in other municipal fisheries systems in the country.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 26 May 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Hao Kong, Wei Yang, Qinqin Sun〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Capacity, financing and political will are three indispensable driving forces of sustainable development programmes. Xiamen initiated an Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) programme in 1993 and has built a successful ICM model known as the ‘Xiamen Model’ which has served as the operational modality for application in other coastal areas in China. In this paper, the authors illustrate Xiamen's experiences in overcoming the challenges of building capacity, developing sustainable financing mechanism and political will. With regard to capacity building, investments in on-the-job training and management skills development, as well as developing the capacity for monitoring and law enforcement are essentials. In the case of sustainable financing, optimal use of an appropriate financing mechanism in terms of government financial allocation, fees for sea area usage and marine ecological damage compensation and socially raised capital is critical. Further, by strengthening governance through the enactment of appropriate laws and policies, increased stakeholders participation and public consultation, can change the incentives of political interests and hence increase political will and commitment to implement Xiamen's integrated coastal management programme. Possibilities for further improvement of the ‘Xiamen model’ are also discussed.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 9 March 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Tao Lin, Xin Cao, Ning Huang, Lilai Xu, Xinhu Li, Yu Zhao, Jianyi Lin〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Climate change has caused a series of social, economic and environmental consequences both at global and regional scales, especially for the urbanized coastal areas in China. Sea level rise and extreme weather threaten human and property safety, as well as sustainable development in China's densely populated coastal areas; all those factors bring new challenges to costal management. This paper takes a typical coastal city, Xiamen City as a case to study the residents' cognition of climate change, and based on questionnaire survey in coastal communities to explore the strategy development dealing with the climate change under integrated coastal management (ICM) framework. The social cognition survey includes three aspects: knowledge of the climate change, perception of the impact of climate change and response to the climate change. The results showed that the resident's knowledge on climate change and its risk was still at a relatively low level on average. Among effects of climate change, temperature rise can be easily identified by people, while sea level rise is less known by residents. Facing climate change, if residents have plans reactively, we think their attitudes are positive, i.e. evacuation is seen as negative. It is delight that 69.6% residents' attitude to adapt climate change is positive. 42.0% of residents prefer protective measures rather than adjustment measures when facing climate change. Furthermore, we explored the primary factors that influence residents' cognition and selection preference on adapting measures through logistic regression. Our study suggests that public cognition significantly affect public participation on climate change and the community-based planning and management on climate change is urgently in need in the rapidly developing urbanization coastal areas, which will play an important role in integrated coastal management.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 November 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 165〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jean Beth S. Jontila, Harold M. Monteclaro, Gerald F. Quinitio, Sheila Mae Santander-de Leon, Jon P. Altamirano〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This study was conducted to investigate the sea cucumber fishery and compare populations between exploited and unexploited sites. Three islands were selected, the Arrecife Island as the unexploited site and the Johnson and Green Islands representing the exploited sites. In each site, sea cucumber species richness, diversity and densities were assessed by laying as much as 15 transects (50 m × 5 m) per habitat in each island. Differences in species richness, diversity and relative densities across sites and habitats were tested using a Two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test for post hoc comparisons. An interview with gatherers, key informants and focus group discussions were also conducted to gather information on the sea cucumber fishery and its management. Results showed that the unexploited site had a higher species richness (14 vs. 7 and 7). Relative density of species was also higher in the unexploited site at 1245 ind ha〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 while it was only 78 and 39 ind ha〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 in exploited sites (〈em〉p〈/em〉 〈 0.05). Interviews and a focus group discussion revealed that national regulations on permit system and size limits were not enforced at the local level and that gatherers had low levels of awareness regarding regulations on sea cucumber harvest. Current management measures appear to be ineffective and insufficient, leaving the sea cucumbers in areas open to exploitation at risk of depletion. Given that sea cucumbers provide substantial income to local communities, the depletion of this resource could compromise the livelihood of people in island communities that rely heavily on marine resources for living. Thus, this study highlights the need to review national policies on sea cucumber fishery and place the management at the local level.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 November 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 165〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Rita Lopes, Nuno Videira〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Ecosystem services are embedded with multiple values. Capturing and integrating plural perspectives when conducting ecosystem services studies is a recognized need and yet a challenge. This paper proposes a participatory approach that fosters articulation of values allowing the integration of different value dimensions to inform decision-making processes, an important challenge that has been gaining traction in the field of ecosystem services research. Using participation as a value articulating institution, stakeholder groups of the Portuguese marine and coastal Arrábida Natural Park were engaged in a participatory process that included a collaborative workshop to articulate value dimensions expressed by ecological, economic and social criteria in two different contexts: the assessment of project alternatives for regulating access to beaches and recreational activities and a conflict related with allocation of coastal vineyard areas. Results demonstrate that the proposed deliberative process fostered changes in participants’ initial mental models and created new insights, namely by generating additional alternatives, expanding perceptions on affected ES, and helping the formalization of multiple evaluation criteria and decision rules, thus supporting decision-making in marine and coastal protected areas.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 January 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 167〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Martin Paar, Camille de la Vega, Sabine Horn, Ragnhild Asmus, Harald Asmus〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The reduced sea ice extent and duration in the Arctic releases the rocky shores from one of its key physical disturbances shaping the zonation and depth extension of seaweed assemblages. In order to determine the consequences of reduced disturbance by sea ice, we studied the changes in the functioning and structure of the kelp belt at Hansneset, Kongsfjorden, between 1996-1998 and 2012–2014 using ecological network analysis (ENA). For each time period, a kelp belt flow network was constructed for 2.5 m and 5 m water depths in summer (June–July). We conducted a data-guided uncertainty analyses to evaluate the strength of the difference observed in the ENA results. At 2.5 m, the total system throughput –indicating the size of the system-significantly increased between the two periods. The number of parallel pathways (relative redundancy), the number of interactions (flow diversity) and the number of indirect interactions (Indirect/Direct) in the system were as well significantly higher at 2.5 m and 5 m in 2012–2014 compared to 1996–1998. These changes were related to the persistent colonization of the shallow sublittoral by kelps, which led to a diversification of filter feeders and an increase in omnivorous species. At 5 m, however, the kelp biomass and production decreased most likely due to the reduction of the underwater light climate between 1996-1998 and 2012–2014. In contrast, the macrozoobenthic biomass increased with a higher contribution of opportunistic and carnivorous species between these two periods. The increased values of these total system indicators suggest a more complex and mature kelp belt ecosystem in 2012–2014 compared to 1996–1998 probably due to the reduction of physical disturbances by ice. A future warming of the Arctic Ocean might enhance sea urchins grazing activity of kelp production as herbivory already increased between both periods. In a context of fast changes on ecosystem level triggered by concurrent multiple stressors, management objectives in the Arctic should be based on holistic approaches such as ENA. To do this, consistent monitoring of relevant food web components for model construction and data-guided uncertainty should be put in place.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 November 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 165〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jacobo Santander-Monsalvo, Ileana Espejel, Leonardo Ortiz-Lozano〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Reef ecosystems are amply distributed and ecologically relevant in Mexico, however, there is not an integrated inventory of these ecosystems, and information about uses and pressures is disperse. With the aim of generating updated information that allows to know the presence and distribution of the different types of reefs (coral, rocky-coral, rocky, and rocky with 〈em〉Macrocystis pyrifera〈/em〉), as well as to know the uses and pressures to which they are subjected. In this article we present an inventory of the 755 reef ecosystems known in Mexico based in a literature review of 194 documents and validated by informal interviews to key Mexican experts. Mexican reefs are distributed in seven regions identified for reef management purposes, according to the combination of eight maritime regionalization proposals of the Mexican seas. The main uses of reef ecosystems are fishing, tourism, nautical, and mining, which produce eight main pressures: pollution, habitat fragmentation, coral bleaching, overfishing, exotic species introduction, sedimentation, coral mortality, and coral diseases. These uses and pressures are distributed heterogeneously in the seven reef regions. The main conservation tool used by Mexican Federal Government to protect these reefs are the Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). Almost 45% of the listed reefs are within one of the 30 Mexican MPAs, being the coral reefs the ones that predominate in this protection scheme. In this research we present relevant information for the management of the reef ecosystems of Mexico, which support the debate on the analysis of public policies for their conservation.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 November 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 165〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): V. Fernández, R. Silva, E. Mendoza, B. Riedel〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This paper examines the risk of coastal flooding in Ensenada and surroundings. Using topo-bathymetric surveys, wave and wind data, tidal time series and numerical modelling, a set of flooding maps were obtained to show the effects of sea level variability related to extreme events for different return periods. Results show that flooding in the north of the study area is low, since cliffs of up to 6 m height dominate the geomorphology, so no considerable threat to human assets is envisaged. The south of the area is different; flooding levels could reach human settlements and affect the Punta Banda Lagoon. The flood levels that affect the study area are those associated to return periods of 50 years, while those of return periods 2, 5, 10 and 25 years do not suggest considerable flooding. Thus, as long as there are no substantial modifications of anthropic origin in the coastal zone of Ensenada, the risk of flooding due to extreme events is low, although it is important to consider the erosion that these phenomena could be cause.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 December 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 166〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Vittorio Barale〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The European Atlas of the Seas is a web-based coastal and marine information system, originally aimed at the general public, but capable also of supporting non-specialist professionals in addressing environmental matters, human activities and management policies related to the sea. It is based on a combination of data (and metadata), which present a snapshot of both natural and socio-economic elements of coastal and marine regions in the European Union and its Outermost Regions. The first idea of a European Atlas of the Seas was set forward in 2007 with the launch of the Integrated Maritime Policy for the European Union. Early work on the Atlas was conducted by the Directorate General for Maritime Affairs of the European Commission, while further development of system architecture, data collection, map services and descriptive text was assigned in 2013 to the Joint Research Centre, with the aim to offer new services and features, as well as the interaction with other available information tools. The present European Atlas of the Seas consists of background data layers designed to be displayed as map backdrop, as well as a number of thematic data layers, classified under 8 main categories: geography, nature, tourism, security and safety, people and employment, transport and energy, governance and European policies, fisheries and aquaculture. These can be used to compose customized maps, as user-defined 〈em〉ad hoc〈/em〉 indicators, and to probe them with tools such as product-to-product correlations, or time series visualisation. Non-specialist professional users can use such analysis and interpretation capabilities to couple data into ecological and socio-economic indicators for a wide range of applications. The thematic map collection provided a common baseline that can be used by Member States of the European Union in getting started with the Maritime Spatial Planning Directive requirements. As this is seen as a pre-requisite for Blue Growth, the European Atlas of the Seas will help the sustainable use of marine ecosystem services and resources.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 January 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 167〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Katrine Soma, Sander W.K. van den Burg, Trond Selnes, C. Martijn van der Heide〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Activities in the North Sea are intensifying. The European Union instructs maritime spatial planning across member states that motivates coordination of activities, stakeholders, policies, governance levels and nations. Social innovation is a concept addressing ways in which changing attitudes, behaviour or perceptions are leading to new and improved ways of acting jointly within a group and beyond. The main aim of this article is to explore social innovation in maritime spatial planning. Instances of social innovation are assessed across three sectors in the Dutch North Sea: the offshore wind energy, the offshore mussel cultivation and the offshore seaweed farming. The assessment shows that, while existing systems of social innovation are favourable to the offshore wind expansions, the barriers to grow for the offshore mussel sector include low willingness to change within the sector, and disadvantageous governmental support to change. The offshore seaweed farming is in a stage of re-organisation of not yet developed regulations, rules and norms for production offshore and enhanced cooperation, with unsure outcomes. Maritime spatial planning can play a more influential role for change if tackling main challenges, including inclusiveness, accountability, private user rights and realisation of organisation or reorganisation, and if making use of the potentials of knowledge brokers when sectors are advancing with new technologies.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 November 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 165〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Heitor Oliveira Braga, Miguel Ângelo Pardal, Rayza Cristina Machado da Cruz, Tayara Carlos Alvarenga, Ulisses Miranda Azeiteiro〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Fishers' local ecological knowledge (LEK) presents the enormous potential to assist in the conservation of depleted natural resources available to small-scale fisheries worldwide. Due to the significant socioeconomic value of sardines in the Southwestern Atlantic, the objective of this work was to register the LEK about Brazilian sardine of the traditional fishing village of Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Social science tools were used to extract data from biology, ecology, food taboos and human uses of Brazilian sardine. A qualitative analysis was performed through accurate coding and cross-checking using an emic-etic approach and all data made available was taken into consideration. Fishers highlighted information on areas of habitat, migration patterns, trophic ecology, and reproduction season. The LEK showed compliance with scientific literature in relevant points of the ecology and biology of this species which have a life the history that leads to increased vulnerability due to overfishing and management difficulties. We emphasize the importance of continuously sharing the LEK of the sardines between the community, researchers, and managers in favor of a more effective socio-ecological conservation of this fishing resource in Arraial do Cabo.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 December 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 166〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Salvador Garcia-Ayllon〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈p〉The Mar Menor, a coastal lagoon in south-eastern Spain of high environmental value and protected by the Natura 2000 network, suffered an intense phenomenon of eutrophication in 2015. This phenomenon generated a change of colour and important increase in the turbidity of its waters, which caused the loss of 85% of its marine vegetal cover in 2016 and great social alarm. The various regulations and tools of environmental protection that exist have not worked properly to avoid the anthropization of this enclosed coastal sea, which is subjected to a varied catalogue of human activities that encompass mass tourism, agriculture, mining, fishing or the important presence of ports and infrastructures, among others. In this context, the Integrated Territorial Investment (ITI) of the Mar Menor is put in place as an innovative model of integrated strategy for coastal zone management (ICZM) to overcome the shortcomings of previous management systems.〈/p〉 〈p〉This paper analyzes the process to implement this new model of comprehensive governance in the Mar Menor. The work is based on the use of participatory mechanisms for collaboration with stakeholders, in order to reach an integrated diagnosis and propose comprehensive solutions that involve all actors related to the current situation. The model performs the socio-ecological system of the Mar Menor (SESMM) that physically surpasses the geographic surface of the lagoon managed by traditional environmental tools. In this way, four different areas of influence of the lagoon are diagnosed and integrated into a sectoral action plan with the help of GIS tools in a process called "GIS participatory mapping”. The analysis carried out shows how the origin of the lagoon's main problems often lie many kilometres away from the lagoon itself and thus the situation needs to be addressed from a multidisciplinary perspective to find effective solutions. The results will help us set up a new management framework to achieve the recovery of the lagoon and sustainable future cohabitation among the existing activities. The approach taken (which can be easily exported to other coastal areas with complex environmental problems associated with diffuse anthropization) shows the importance of proposing analysis methodologies that are capable of involving all stakeholders to achieve sustainable solutions over time.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 November 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 165〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): F.J. Valesini, M.D. Wildsmith, J.R. Tweedley〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈p〉Conservation planning in estuaries has lagged behind that in terrestrial and marine areas, despite these valuable ecosystems being among the most degraded. The core of any such approach is a reliable habitat classification and inventory of target biota. These data, and particularly the latter, are often lacking at the local-regional scales most relevant to estuarine management. This study presents a quantitative approach for predicting the likely fish and benthic invertebrate assemblages at any unsampled estuarine site using readily-obtainable and enduring biophysical attributes. We apply this scheme to an urbanised estuary and predict the above faunas throughout its entire nearshore zone. These data are then used to systematically design an exploratory spatially-efficient reserve that meets representation targets for numerous faunal conservation features, and test the ability of an existing, unsystematically-derived Marine Park to do the same.〈/p〉 〈p〉Spatial patterns in the enduring biophysical attributes of local-scale habitats provided good to excellent surrogates for those in the fish and invertebrate faunas. All unsampled sites were then successfully assigned to their respective habitat and correlated fauna using biophysical measurements and a predictive decision tree. The resultant spatially-continuous ‘faunal map’ enabled quantification of 67 conservation features, from which reserves aimed at representing 10–30% of each feature were systematically derived. All reserves were highly efficient and almost always met representation targets, contrasting with the existing Marine Park which underrepresented 40–80% of features. Reserve designs were, however, spread throughout the system, highlighting the complexities in designing representative reserves for estuarine environments that capture their spatio-temporal diversity.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 168〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jia Liu, Ning Liu, Yumiao Zhang, Zheng Qu, Jing Yu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Beaches, an important component of coastal tourism resources, are gradually eroding as a result of environmental pollution, ecological damage, etc., which is ignored by tourists as more recreational coastal activities become available. In this context, the present study attempts to investigate the willingness to pay (WTP) of tourists and evaluates the non-use value of beach tourism resources to protect beaches from further deterioration. Towards this aim, a scientific survey is implemented on the beaches of Qingdao coastal scenic area (China) with application of the contingent valuation method (CVM). In addition, this study uses a logistic regression model to analyze the factors affecting tourists' WTP. The results indicate that 80.8% of tourists would be willing to pay to preserve beach tourism resources, and the mean WTP is $10.0 (¥66.7) per year when zero values are considered. Factors such as tourists' gender and traveling frequency to the beaches significantly affect their WTP to preserve beach tourism resources, with females exhibiting a higher probability of paying than males, and those with a higher traveling frequency also present a higher probability of paying. The non-use value of beach tourism resources is estimated at $0.8 billion (¥5.4 billion), based on the total number of tourists in Qingdao in 2016 as the survey sample. Therefore, scientific evaluation of the non-use value of beach tourism resources is beneficial to the sustainable development and preservation of beaches.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: December 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Volume 118〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Shuaian Wang, Wei Zhang, Xiaobo Qu〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This study deals with boarding/alighting congestion of congested commuter train stations at central business district (CBD), in which the additional fares are determined to shift an appropriate number of passengers to board/alight at the neighboring uncongested stations on the railway line. A bi-objective model is investigated to minimize both fare increases of the congested stations, while alleviating their boarding/alighting congestion to a certain level simultaneously. The existence of the unique Pareto-optimal solution is proven mathematically in the absence of explicit demand functions. A trial-and-error fare design scheme is proposed to identify the Pareto-optimal solution. An illustrative study demonstrates the effectiveness of the trial-and-error scheme.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: December 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Volume 118〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jingxu Chen, Shuai Jia, Shuaian Wang, Zhiyuan Liu〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Container liner shipping network alteration is a practical manner of shipping network design, which aims to make minor modifications to ameliorate the existing network. In a generic liner shipping network with butterfly ports, each ship route is separated into a set of subloops on the basis of its structure and internal butterfly ports. Reversing the subloop directions has an impact on the network-wide cost including inventory cost, transshipment cost, and slot-purchasing cost. This paper proposes a new destination-based nonlinear model for the subloop-based reversal of port rotation directions with the objective of minimizing the overall network-wide cost. We prove that the addressed problem is NP-hard. Next, the model is transformed to an equivalent mixed-integer linear programming model. Based on the structure of the reformulated model, we develop a Benders decomposition (BD) algorithm and a metaheuristic method to solve practical-size instances. Three acceleration strategies are incorporated into the BD algorithm, which are adding Pareto-optimal cuts, updating big-M coefficients and generating combinatorial Benders cuts. Case studies based on three small examples and an Asia-Europe-Oceania liner shipping network with a total of 46 ports are conducted. Results show that the problem could be efficiently solved by the accelerated BD algorithm and the optimization of subloop directions is conducive to decreasing the network-wide cost especially the inventory cost.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 168〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Luca Mulazzani, Luca Camanzi, Giulio Malorgio〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Multifunctionality is characterized by two key elements: the existence of jointly produced multiple commodity and non-commodity outputs (NCOs), and that NCOs exhibit the characteristics of public goods externalities. The term “multifunctionality” is almost not used outside agriculture. However, several issues discussed in fishery literature and in international contexts clearly refer to public goods provision and joint production. The key point is to recognize if fisheries, similar to agriculture, provide other (public) benefits beyond their primary food supply function. The paper establishes a theoretical framework for the classification and valuation of multifunctionality in fisheries, and outlines policy options to increase (through multifunctionality) social welfare. NCOs include: ecosystem- and biodiversity-related NCOs, other environmental public goods/bads, cultural heritage and coastal viability, coastal employment externalities, food security, and strategic benefits. The main NCO characteristics to be analysed are the degree of jointness between commodity outputs and NCOs, and the distribution of property rights over fish stocks and NCOs. Policy options to increase social welfare include, among others, command and control schemes, market based instruments (e.g., payment for ecosystem services), and marine protected areas. Customary marine tenure institutions, or other modern fishery organizations, may represent a framework for the communitarian provision of NCOs. Fishery subsidies, which can because of overfishing, are justified if they allow increasing social benefits, given by the sum of catch and NCOs value. Particularly, incentives may be necessary to support small-scale fisheries or other less efficient technologies.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 169〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Daniel Franzén, Eduardo Infantes, Fredrik Gröndahl〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Macroalgal mass blooms and accumulating beach-cast are increasing problems in many coastal areas. However, beach-cast is also a potentially valuable marine bioresource, e.g. as a biofertiliser in coastal agriculture. One limiting factor in use of beach-cast as a fertiliser is uncertainty regarding the cadmium (Cd) concentration depending on beach-cast composition and location. In this study, chemical analyses were performed on beach-cast from Burgsviken Bay off Gotland, in the Baltic Sea. The results revealed large variations in cadmium concentration depending on sampling location and beach-cast composition, with levels ranging between 0.13 and 2.2 mg Cd/kg dry matter (DM). Of 15 beach-cast samples analysed, one had a cadmium content above the Swedish statutory limit for sewage sludge biofertiliser (2 mg Cd/kg DM) and four had values above the limit suggested by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency for 2030 (0.8 mg/kg DM). Species-specific analysis revealed that eelgrass (〈em〉Zostera marina〈/em〉) contained significantly higher cadmium concentrations than filamentous red algae species (〈em〉Ceramium〈/em〉 and 〈em〉Polysiphonia〈/em〉 spp.)〈em〉.〈/em〉 Avoiding eelgrass-rich beach-cast by seasonal timing of harvesting and monitoring differences in cadmium concentrations between harvesting sites could thus facilitate use of beach-cast as biofertiliser.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 168〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Fernanda Terra Stori, Deborah Campos Shinoda, Alexander Turra〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The lack of a strategic planning to order a defined marine territory may result in a patchwork of overlapping policies, sometimes reinforcing the legislation, but sometimes contradicting it. In Brazil, Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) and Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) policies have been implemented to marine management, however, in an independent way. This article presents the patchwork of marine policies in the State of São Paulo (Southeast of Brazil) and analyses their implementation process, symmetry and the integration between them. The policies analysed were the State Plan for Coastal Zone Management and the Marine Protected Areas of São Paulo Coast. Four main procedures were conducted: 1) a historical survey of marine policies legal establishment; 2) the analysis of criteria used to determine the marine zonings, 3) the production of maps to identify policies and marine zonings overlaps and; 4) the analysis of the implementation stage of policies by comparing the procedures accomplished by the policies analysed with the procedures proposed by the marine planning, management and conservation (MPMC) frameworks. It was observed that the policies analysed have not fully implemented the management procedures yet, such as the plans of management and monitoring programs, accomplishing only the basic procedures recommended by the MPMC frameworks. Marine zonings' criteria were mainly derived from political-economic interests at the expense of ecological features. Asymmetry and little integration between policies were verified. It resulted in the MPAs being ruled in part by the ICZM policy. A wider Ecosystem-based Marine Spatial Planning strategy (EBM-MSP), supported by a committee of integration, could sew this “blue patchwork”, considering the multiple uses in the territory and fostering policies full implementation. To achieve coherence on this decision-making process, MPMC policies' instruments should be founded on ecosystem-based management and on governance mechanisms with representatives' parity. Future studies should advance in investigating marine policies' symmetry and integration, stakeholders' dynamics and zoning criteria towards the sustainability of ecosystems services.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 169〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yuhuan Jiang, Jiwei Zhang, Keliang Chen, Xiongzhi Xue, Adi Uchenna Michael〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Marine eco-compensation is recognized as an effective strategy for marine ecological protection and management. The development of a marine eco-compensation mechanism in China is at initial stages in legislation and practice, and its connotation has distinct characteristics. Through an overview of existing policies, laws and instruments, this article elaborates the overall framework and political motivation for establishing a systematic marine eco-compensation mechanism. Furthermore, analysis of existing institutional gaps and challenges also implies the demand and potential for future development of the mechanism. Based on a comprehensive survey of the practice of marine eco-compensation at the provincial level in China, this article discusses the main factors, such as the goals, functions, stakeholders, modalities and approaches, of the marine eco-compensation mechanism. Finally, given the current status of the marine ecosystem and the policy and legal contexts, this article proposes pragmatic strategies to promote diversified eco-compensation approaches and to strengthen market-based methods for building a systematic marine eco-compensation mechanism in China.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 10 December 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Zhu Mao, Hao Kong〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Recognising that institutional analysis concerning ICM practice is not sufficient, and also assuming that paradigm shifts in an ICM system play a crucial role for the success of ICM practice, the paper conducts a case study of Xiamen. Dividing the development process of ICM operational modality into three stages (decentralised programs management, primary establishment of the ICM system, and a stable and normalized ICM system), the paper analyses the development of main elements of the system and then makes the timeline of ICM system development. In the discussion part, the paper identifies the paradigm shifts implied in the development process including the institutional shift, vision shift, management approach shift, and management object shift. This research may be of some help to coastal managers in the worldwide in developing operational modality of ICM.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 168〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yen-Chiang Chang〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This paper aims to discuss Chinese legislation in the exploration of marine mineral resources and its adoption in the Arctic Ocean. The journey commences by providing comments on the ‘Law of the People's Republic of China on the Exploration and Development of Resources in the Deep Seabed Area’ and to explore Chinese domestic legislation regulating Chinese enterprises' development activities in the Arctic area. Attention also pays to legislation regulating Chinese and foreign enterprises in the exploitation of mineral resources in China's continental shelf with special concern toward the protection of ecological environment. This paper concludes by suggesting that there is a need to further improve Chinese domestic legislation and draw on advanced legislative experience from various States and international law, in order to provide strong domestic legal protection for exploitation activities.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: December 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Volume 118〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): 〈/p〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 169〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Margit Eero, Hans-Harald Hinrichsen, Joakim Hjelm, Bastian Huwer, Karin Hüssy, Friedrich W. Köster, Piotr Margonski, Maris Plikshs, Marie Storr-Paulsen, Christopher Zimmermann〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Fisheries management measures often include spatio-temporal closures during the spawning period of the fish with an overarching aim of improving the stock status. The different mechanisms how a spawning closure potentially can influence the stock are often not explicitly considered when designing such closures. In this paper, we review and synthesize the available data and knowledge on potential effects of the implemented spawning closures on cod in the Baltic Sea. The Baltic cod example represents a relatively data rich case, which allows demonstrating how a closure might affect different parameters of stock status via different mechanisms, including potential unintended negative effects. We conclude that designing relatively small area closures appropriately is highly complex and data demanding, and may involve tradeoffs between positive and negative impacts on the stock. Seasonal closures covering most of the stock distribution during the spawning time are more robust to data limitations, and less likely to be counterproductive if suboptimally designed.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 169〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ali Badreddine, Marco Milazzo, Marie Abboud-Abi Saab, Ghazi Bitar, Luisa Mangialajo〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Vermetid reefs are a key intertidal habitat in the warm-temperate part of the Mediterranean Sea and in some subtropical and tropical regions in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. This unique and highly diverse ecosystems is under siege due to both the high anthropogenic pressure and the global climate change, with documented local population declines in the Eastern Mediterranean. This study aims at evaluating the conservation state of vermetid reefs along the Lebanese coast (Eastern Mediterranean), where seawater warming, habitat degradation and coastal urbanization likely threaten their presence. In order to assess the conservation status of vermetid reefs in Lebanon, five sites were randomly selected among those belonging to three impact classes: i) not impacted (i.e. protected), ii) moderately impacted, and iii) impacted. Two different non-destructive methods were applied to assess the presence of living vermetids 〈em〉Dendropoma anguliferum〈/em〉 (Monterosato, 1878) and 〈em〉Vermetus triquetrus〈/em〉 (Bivona-Bernardi, 1832) which shape the reef, and the associated communities. Our results highlight that no living vermetid reefs were recorded in the impacted sites where evident signs of bio-physical erosion of the reef are already underway. Living individuals of 〈em〉Vermetus triquetrus〈/em〉 were found in some not impacted and moderately impacted sites, while living individuals of the endemic reef-builder 〈em〉Dendropoma anguliferum〈/em〉 were found only at very low densities at the not impacted (protected) site. Such findings corroborate preliminary observations of population decline in the Eastern Mediterranean, and of vermetid reefs vulnerability to human disturbances. This raises concerns about the near future persistence of vermetid reefs in the region, and represents a call for management and conservation actions to preserve this reef-building species in the Mediterranean Sea.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 169〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Alexandre Pereira da Silva〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This article takes the opportunity of the recent establishment of two large and remote marine protected areas (MPAs) in Brazilian jurisdictional waters to discuss the role played by large-scale MPAs and their impacts to achieve international goals. After the launching of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets in 2010, especially Target 11, which concerns marine areas, some coastal states have created large-scale MPAs as a way of attaining a numerical target, though not necessarily fulfilling other ecosystem commitments. Brazil is the most recent example of this strategy through the establishment of MPAs that seem primarily concerned with international goals rather than effective biodiversity protection. Since the management of these protected areas will be shared between a technical body (Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation) and the Navy, and only a small portion of which will have similar status to “no-take” zone, the new MPAs can hardly be identified as being strongly committed to the marine environment protection. The article ends with some suggestions for improving biodiversity conservation in the Brazilian large-scale MPAs.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 168〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): 〈/p〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 169〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Roberto De Pietro, Renzo Ientile, Stefania Puccia, Giorgio Sabella〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈p〉Gelsari and Lentini marshes are two large wetlands extending along the southern coast of the Gulf of Catania, in Sicily (Italy), which have always been studied extensively by naturalists of the past for their undisputed environmental value. The draining works of these areas, which have occurred in the last century, has led to a loss of interest for the marshes, which were considered lost from the naturalistic point of view. Thus, the scientific studies ceased and, in particular, stopped the recording of avifauna data. In more recent times, the temporary breakdown of pumping stations, that occurred from 2008 to 2010, has enabled the marshes to take back a natural hydrological regime for a period of a few years, short but enough to make habitats of community interest and for an extremely important birdlife to reappear.〈/p〉 〈p〉Therefore, a monitoring activity has been started, allowing collecting in systematic way information on species present between 2010 and 2016. The aim of this work is to make known the situation regarding the presence of birds in recent years and compare it with what is available from historical data and to highlight its value, despite the anthropic pressure to which the area is subject.〈/p〉 〈p〉Finally, management proposals are put forward, aimed at fulfilling the full potential of this important site.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 169〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Candace K. May〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Community resilience approaches are often criticized for failing to recognize how community adaptability is shaped by multiple levels and scales of heterogeneous power relations. A power framework for understanding community resilience is presented and applied to a qualitative case study of Two Rivers, a historical fishing community in North Carolina. Community functions, structures, and identity were fundamentally transformed from commercial fishing-based livelihoods to recreation and leisure-based lifestyles as Two Rivers fishers transitioned out of the fishing industry and relocated out of the community. The vulnerability context of Two Rivers consisted of compounding shocks from market competition, weather-related events, and rural restructuring involving amenity migration and development. The power framework draws attention to how the adaptability of the Two Rivers community was shaped by differential power among groups within and outside the community, structural power in the institutional and bureaucratic imperatives of governance systems, and the systemic power of generalized values, norms, and preferences driving coastal development trajectories. The utility of the power framework is a map of resources, capacities, and opportunities and barriers within and external to communities to more effectively understand and/or facilitate group and community adaptability for resilience or potentially more radical transformations toward sustainability.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 169〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): L. Valderrama-Landeros, F. Flores-de-Santiago〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The temporal shoreline position is a key indicator of coastal development and provides information on beach dynamics. Previous studies have indicated that there is a strong relationship between riverine sediment fluxes and beach volume. As such, worldwide hydroelectric projects and the associated damming infrastructure have decreased suspended sediment loads, and consequently increasing coastal erosion and deterioration of wetlands. The study was conducted along the coastline of the San Pedro River and the Santiago River on the Pacific coast of Mexico. Both rivers discharge into the ocean separated by 12 km of coastline, however the San Pedro River does not present dams through its watershed. Contrary, six dams had been constructed along the Santiago River since 1976. Results indicated that after 45 years, the San Pedro River coastline presented minimum variability and a total of 379 ha of accretion. Contrary, the Santiago River coastline showed major erosion trends with a total of 669 ha of beach and wetland losses. Our study highlights the feasibility of combining historical remote sensing data and GIS analysis in order to assess coastal variability trends when field-based surveys are not available.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 169〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Kelsey M. Kuykendall, Eric N. Powell, John M. Klinck, Paula T. Moreno, Robert T. Leaf〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Increased bottom water temperatures have caused a relocation and contraction of the range of the Atlantic surfclam, 〈em〉Spisula solidissima〈/em〉, in the Mid-Atlantic Bight (MAB). Consequences include declining stock abundance and landings per unit effort (LPUE) in southern portions of the range. A management strategy evaluation (MSE) assessed the potential of rotational closures to improve surfclam productivity and fishery viability under three levels of abundance. In simulations, fishing vessels harvest the stock under performance and quota constraints and captain behavioral proclivities. Management alternatives examined included the addition of area management to the current management plan using two closure location rules and three closure durations at two levels of incidental mortality. Simulations showed that area management increased stock abundance and fishery LPUE, particularly when surfclam abundance was low. Simulations suggest area management could help insulate the stock and commercial fishery from further shifts in range.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 169〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Carlos Cruz-Vázquez, Rodolfo Rioja-Nieto, Cecilia Enriquez〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Ecological degradation on Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) still occur as a result of anthropogenic pressure and environmental variation. Considering that protected areas can be restrictive to human activities, it is essential to assess their effectiveness. In this study, we evaluated the spatial and temporal effects of management on the seascape of the Cozumel Reefs National Park (CRNP) in the Mexican Caribbean. Quantitative estimates of the percentage of coverage of benthic substrates, and the location of coral reefs, were used to construct benthic habitat maps based on the supervised classifications of high resolution satellite images. Using spatially explicit analyses, the variation of seascape metrics for the period 2004–2015, was compared between two adjacent areas (inside and outside the protected area). Habitat β-diversity and connectivity between the Marine Protected Area (MPA) and the adjacent uncontrolled area, suggest that the CRNP is having an effect over time on the coral reef seascape (p 〈 0.05). These metrics decreased over time, but change was reduced inside the protected area. The shape complexity of patches and benthic habitat coverage also changed over time, but with no relation to the MPA. In general, with the exception of the habitats dominated by sand over rock, sandy beds with minimum or no vegetation, and dominated by macroalgae, patches became less compact. Management in the CRNP limits the physical damage to benthic habitats and the protected area has characteristics that have been recognised as important on effective MPAs. However, our results indicate that the ability of this MPA to counteract change at a seascape scale is limited. Furthermore, funding on MPAs in the country has been consistently reduced over the last decade. Considering the importance of sufficient funding on effectiveness and the necessity to maintain ecological services provided by coral reef systems in the region, this needs to be re-considered.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 169〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Kristen A. Nelson Sella, Mariana M.P.B. Fuentes〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Coastal areas are used by both marine turtles and humans which may result in marine turtle nesting grounds being exposed to human activities like coastal modifications. Several studies have investigated the effects of specific types of coastal modifications on marine turtles and their habitat. However, limited information exists on cumulative exposure of nesting grounds to coastal modifications. This study examines the spatial and temporal exposure of 203 marine turtle nesting grounds in Florida to coastal modifications. For this, we used coastal permits issued from 1985 through 2016 as a proxy for coastal modifications. To test the suitability of the permit database as a proxy for coastal modification, 34 marine turtle nesting beaches in the Florida Panhandle were ground-truthed to determine the presence of coastal modifications and their correlation with issued permits. The modification types analyzed were 1) construction landward of dune, 2) construction in dune, 3) construction on beach, 4) construction in water, 5) beach armoring, 6) other shoreline stabilization, 7) beach sand placement, 8) beach cleaning 9) dune vegetation planting, 10) sand fencing, 11) special events, and 12) stormwater outfall. The most common permit type was construction landward of the dune (65.72%), followed by construction within the dune (16.43%). The cumulative number of permits for the state of Florida increased over time (between 1985 and 2016) from less than one thousand permits issued per year to over four thousand permits issued per year. 93.5% of the nesting beaches examined throughout the state were exposed to cumulative coastal modifications. Of the high-density nesting beaches, twenty-six had high exposure to coastal modifications, whereas fifteen had low exposure to coastal modifications. Our study highlights the need for conservation strategies to consider the cumulative impacts of coastal modifications to marine turtle nesting grounds.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 169〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Andrés Beita-Jiménez, Juan José Alvarado, Sebastián Mena, Ana Gloria Guzmán-Mora〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In recent years, there has been a health decrease in marine ecosystems. Due to this accelerated degradation, there is a more pressing need to investigate the effectiveness of MPAs in these degraded zones. In this work, we evaluate the effect of MPAs over species richness, biomass and size of reef fishes. The sampling was conducted in 31 sites in the north Pacific coast of Costa Rica in 2013 and 2014. We found a positive effect of MPAs on biomass and community structure, as almost all commercially important species were more abundant in MPAs. Apex predators, carnivores and herbivores showed higher biomasses in protected areas, while planktivorous were similar among sites. As well, target species of artisanal fisheries and dive-ornamental fisheries were larger in MPAs. Areas closed to fishing can contribute to keeping biomass high, improve species richness in the region, and help to recover ecosystem services in coral reefs, even in anthropogenic impacted areas. The improving of regulations in and out of MPAs will assure the ecosystem services and life quality of coastal populations.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 169〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Edoardo Grottoli, Duccio Bertoni, Alessandro Pozzebon, Paolo Ciavola〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Beach nourishments using coarse-gravel sediments are becoming a frequent practice to buffer coastal erosion, but usually little attention is spent on fill material characteristics. A better understanding of the influence of sediment characteristics on transport is crucial to establish the best compatibility of fill material with native beach sediments. Pebble transport is here investigated by means of the RFID tracing technique. The main purpose of the experiment was to verify whether the prevalent shapes populating the beach (disks and spheres) show a different transport under low energy conditions. Tracers were injected in a small and straight portion of a mixed sand and gravel beach, deploying couples of marked particles of the same size (one sphere and one disk-shaped pebble on the main geomorphic elements of the beach face), in order to avoid size influence on transport. Tracer recovery was undertaken 6 and 24 h after the injection and wave characteristics were measured during the whole experiment duration by means of a S4 directional wave gauge. After 6 h the marked pebbles underwent significant displacement with a prevalent longshore component, which became evident after 24 h. The swash zone proved to be the most dynamic area of the beach. Spheres covered longer distances and resulted more dynamic than disks, thanks to their capability to roll-over in the swash zone. Lately, many experiments have been carried out with marked pebbles, but this is the first time that an experiment is conceived to prove how shape influences pebble transport. Disks are more subject to burial and due to their higher dynamicity spheres are preferred to disks for nourishment fill material. A fill material comprised of spheres is regularly responding to hydrodynamic forces and can positively speed up the beach recovery after storms especially in highly dynamic systems like pocket beaches, typically subjected to beach rotation processes. The results show an implication for coastal managers having to choose fill sources for replenishments.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 169〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Miao Bao, Xianyan Wang, Wenhua Liu, Hai Liang Chen, Yuelin Li, Fuxin Wu, Qianhui Zeng, Derun Lin, Ping Li, Huan Tong Wan, Xi Chen, You Sheng Xiao, Rui Chun Zhou, Shiang-Lin Huang〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Bridging information gaps in an animal's habitat configuration is an explicit challenge in planning habitat protection actions (HPAs) for marine megafauna species near sites of intense anthropogenic activity. This challenge is further complicated by inadequate field survey designs and data manipulation that likely bias habitat configuration baselines. In this study, the likely habitat configuration of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins, 〈em〉Sousa chinensis〈/em〉, in the Chinese provinces of Fujian and Guangdong was projected using species distribution modeling (SDM). The influence of inadequate survey design and data manipulation of the baseline presentation was explored by comparing the SDM results from different datasets with current knowledge of humpback dolphin distributions in Chinese waters. Only the SDM based on data from systematically designed surveys projected a habitat configuration matching the current humpback dolphin distribution in China. The likely habitat configuration of humpback dolphins was characterized by high primary productivity and a shallow water depth. This study showed that ecosystem service losses, indexed by CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 absorption, due to coastal alteration activities need to be factored into environmental impact assessments. Sound HPA practices include sharing information between research teams, mitigating the adverse impacts of anthropogenic activities, associating protected area networking with regional maritime spatial planning, monitoring coastal landscapes and seascape baselines, reducing land-based pollution, restoring degraded habitats for aquatic biota, and recovering land-to-sea connectivity. These measures require comprehensive coordination and collaboration between scientific research teams, policy representatives, NGOs/NPOs and stakeholder groups.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: January 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Volume 119〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Nikolai W.F. Bode, Mohcine Chraibi, Stefan Holl〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The interactions between individual pedestrians can lead to emergent effects, such as the formation of lanes in bidirectional flows. Here, we expose properties of an emergent effect at a macroscopic level, namely interactions between pedestrian streams that arise when pedestrians walk into and through four-way intersections from different directions. We propose non-spatial models for the number of pedestrians from different streams inside an intersection. Each model encodes a different hypothesis for how streams interact and can produce dynamics fundamentally distinct from the other models. By fitting our models to large experimental data sets and determining which model explains the data best, we determine when and how entire streams of pedestrians start to interact. We find that as arrival rates increase, streams start to interact and compete for space. Our results suggest that these interactions result in an even balance of pedestrian numbers across two orthogonally intersecting streams. Neither of the streams can dominate. In contrast, for four intersecting streams, our findings suggest that jams in some streams can coincide with higher flow rates in other streams and that the relative dominance of streams can switch stochastically. By adapting existing methodology, we thus present a coherent conceptual approach for investigating emergent effects in temporal dynamics at aggregated levels in pedestrian flows that could be applied to other scenarios. Our approach is flexible and uses easily measured quantities, making it highly suitable for observational data in different scenarios or deployment in applications.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0191261518305253-fx1.jpg" width="301" alt="Image, graphical abstract" title="Image, graphical abstract"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 169〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ho Wen Chen, Hui Chen Lin, Yen Hsun Chuang, Chu Ting Sun, Wei Yea Chen, Chang Yi Kao〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉To elucidate the effects of environmental factors on the richness and diversity of benthic species, this study investigates the hydrology, water quality and physicochemical conditions of the soil around a coastal wetland in Central Taiwan. Samples were extracted monthly from 20 sites around the coastal wetland for one year and analyzed by redundancy analysis (RDA). The outcomes of this study reveal that the environmental parameters of the habitat govern different patterns of benthic species in wetlands. The properties of soil influence the pattern of benthic species, which has been changing in the study area owing to human activities, such as land reclamation, the building of bulwarks and the emission of pollution. The results reveal that heavy pollution loading near the local area with animal husbandry also reduced the richness and diversity of benthos. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used to identify all relevant environmental factors to explain the impact of economic and environmental behaviors on the distribution of benthic species. The PCA results demonstrate that short-term and long-term pollution differently influence patterns of benthic species.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0964569118301649-fx1.jpg" width="432" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 168〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Edison D. Macusi, Manilyn E. Laya-og, Neil Angelo S. Abreo〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The coastal ecosystem of the Philippines is one of the richest and most diverse on earth. Lobsters are one of the commercially exploited species targeted by small-scale fishers for their livelihood and income. This study aims to determine the catch, and catching pattern of the wild lobster fry fishery, quantify the catch per unit effort (CPUE) and identify issues and challenges present in the lobster fry fishery for improved conservation and management. A combination of semi-structured interviews (n = 90), focus group discussion (n = 35) and actual catch monitoring for three months of lobster fry fishers (n = 20) were conducted to elicit information on lobster catch, composition, fishing practices and issues and challenges. Results from the interview and focus groups showed that majority of fishers catch the fries of 〈em〉Panulirus ornatus〈/em〉, 〈em〉Parribacus antarcticus〈/em〉 and 〈em〉Panulirus versicolor.〈/em〉 They catch most of the lobster fries using bamboo traps and beach seine. The analysis of the CPUE also revealed significant results (〈em〉P〈/em〉 ≤ 0.05) with the good catch having the highest CPUE value (0.30 g) followed by the normal catch (0.16 g) and worst catch of (0.02 g). In terms of weekly field monitoring of the catches of 20 fishers, temporal variation in terms of weeks was highly significant (〈em〉P〈/em〉 = 0.000; 〈em〉R〈/em〉〈sup〉2〈/sup〉 = 22). Some management issues mentioned by fishers include effluents from shrimp farming, illegal fishing, chemical residues from mango farms and improper waste disposal. The lack of a management plan, as well as a system to control who has access to the fishing ground of lobster fries, can negatively affect the long-term sustainability of the lobster fry fishery.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 169〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Pablo Pita, Sebastian Villasante〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Over the past decades, the nature of the management of marine fisheries in Galicia (NW Spain) has changed substantially. In addition to a powerful commercial fleet and high fisheries dependence of coastal communities, Galicia has a long and strong tradition in marine recreational fisheries, with 60 000 fishers and 4000 boats engaged in this activity in coastal waters. This paper analyses, for the first time, key changes in the management framework of marine recreational fisheries in Galicia by investigating past and current regulations and research initiatives developed so far. Three periods in the management of marine recreational fisheries (1963–1982; 1983–2000; and 2001-present) have been identified. The results show that the management of marine recreational fishing (MRF) moved from a poorly regulated and 〈em〉de facto〈/em〉 open access system under the rule of the Spanish administration in the 1980's to a current highly regulated fishery under regional, national and European Union (EU) governments. EU regulations are being fundamental to promote the ecological and socioeconomic sustainability of MRF. However, the lack of scientific data, with only eight papers about MRF in Galicia published in international referred journals, the absence of experts in the field working in the fisheries administration and in research centers, and the lack of strong fishers' organizations are jeopardizing the sustainability of this complex socioecological system in the long term. The development of a strategic plan for MRF in Galicia is needed, including a diagnosis of its current status in relation to other sectors sharing coastal ecosystems, like commercial fisheries, and tourism. Co-management initiatives and adaptive policies favoring both the development of commercial fisheries and the promotion of MRF-based economies to offer new opportunities to local communities are encouraged.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉