ALBERT

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 10 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Electrochimica Acta, Volume 296〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Saheed Bukola, Stephen E. Creager〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Transmission rates for protons and deuterons across single-layer graphene embedded in Nafion | graphene | Nafion sandwich structures are measured as a function of temperature in electrochemical hydrogen pump cells. Rates of ion transmission through graphene are obtained in the form of area-normalized ion-transfer resistances, and are interpreted in terms of ion-exchange current densities and standard heterogeneous ion-transfer rate constants. An encounter pre-equilibrium model for the ion-transfer step is then used to provide rate constants for the fundamental microscopic step of ion (proton or deuteron) transmission across graphene. Application of this rate model to interpret variable-temperature data on proton and deuteron transmission rates provides values for the activation energy and pre-exponential factor for the fundamental ion transmission step across graphene. Activation energies obtained from the Arrhenius plots for proton and deuteron transmission are as follows; for proton, E〈sub〉act〈/sub〉 = 48 ± 2 kJ/mole (0.50 ± 0.02 eV) and for deuteron, E〈sub〉act〈/sub〉 = 53 ± 5 kJ/mole (0.55 ± 0.05 eV). The difference between these two values of approximately 5 kJ/mole is in good agreement with the expected difference in vibrational zero-point energies for O〈img src="https://sdfestaticassets-eu-west-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/16/entities/sbnd"〉H and O-D bonds, albeit with some uncertainty given the uncertainties in the activation energy values. Pre-exponential frequency factor values of 8.3 ± 0.4 × 10〈sup〉13〈/sup〉 s〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 and is 4.7 ± 0.5 × 10〈sup〉13〈/sup〉 s〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 were obtained for proton and deuteron transmission respectively across graphene. These pre-factor values are both quite large, on the order of the values predicted from the Eyring – Polanyi equation with a transmission coefficient near one. The ratio of 1.8 for the rate pre-factors (H/D) is in reasonable agreement with the value of 1.3 for the ratio of bond vibrational frequencies for O〈img src="https://sdfestaticassets-eu-west-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/16/entities/sbnd"〉H and O-D stretching, respectively. Taken together, these data support a model in which proton and deuteron transmission across graphene are largely adiabatic processes for which the differences in transmission rate at room temperature are due largely to differences in activation energies.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Electrochimica Acta, Volume 295〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Kaili Jin, Man Zhou, Hong Zhao, Shixiong Zhai, Fengyan Ge, Yaping Zhao, Zaisheng Cai〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉With the large theoretical capacity and environmental benignity, copper sulfide (CuS) becomes a prospective candidate electrode material for supercapacitors. In this work, electroconductive mesoporous carbonized clothes (Cc) was obtained by carbonizing the waste cotton fabrics. Then the CuS was galvanostatic electrodeposited on 〈em〉Cc〈/em〉 to prepare the binder-free 〈em〉g〈/em〉-CuS/Cc electrode. In the galvanostatic electrodeposition process, CuS grew along the crystal surface to form regular nanosheets, and a part of Cu〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 were reduced to Cu〈sup〉1.1+〈/sup〉. In addition, on account of the synergistic effect of electrochemical double layer capacitance with pseudocapacitance and the high specific surface area (450.76 m〈sup〉2〈/sup〉 g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉), the 〈em〉g〈/em〉-CuS/Cc composite displayed not only outstanding areal specific capacitance (4676 mF cm〈sup〉−2〈/sup〉 at 2 mA cm〈sup〉−2〈/sup〉) but also excellent cycling performance (89.8% retention after 10000 cycles). Meanwhile, the symmetrical flexible supercapacitor (SC) based on 〈em〉g〈/em〉-CuS/Cc electrodes with PVA-KOH gel electrolyte (〈em〉g〈/em〉-CuS/Cc-SC) accomplished a high specific capacitance of 1333 mF cm〈sup〉−2〈/sup〉 at 2 mA cm〈sup〉−2〈/sup〉 as well as ultrahigh energy density of 0.96 Wh cm〈sup〉−2〈/sup〉 at the power density of 4.36 W cm〈sup〉−2〈/sup〉. Therefore, 〈em〉g〈/em〉-CuS/Cc shows a great potential for applications in the next generation of flexible energy storage devices.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0013468618324447-fx1.jpg" width="384" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Electrochimica Acta, Volume 295〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Kang Li, Zhanwei Xu, Xuetao Shen, Kai Yao, Jianshe Zhao, Ronglan Zhang, Jun Zhang, Li Wang, Jianfeng Zhu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Commercial lithium/thionyl chloride (Li/SOCl〈sub〉2〈/sub〉) batteries cannot meet the 3.15 V platform required for most instruments. A 〈em〉hovenia acerba〈/em〉-like assembly constructed with cobalt tetrapyridinoporphyrazine of thickness of 5–15 nm is anchored on acid-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CoTAP/MWCNTs), which were prepared using an 〈em〉in situ〈/em〉 solid synthesis process. The discharge time of Li/SOCl〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 batteries with a voltage greater than 3.15 V catalyzed by CoTAP/MWCNTs is found to be 11 min longer than batteries without catalysts and 4 min longer than those catalyzed by CoTAP alone. The energy of Li/SOCl〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 batteries with a voltage greater than 3.15 V catalyzed by CoTAP/MWCNTs is discovered to be 11.44-times higher than batteries with AF-MWCNTs and 6.17-times higher than those catalyzed by bulk CoTAP. This is due to the fact that more CoTAP ultrafine nanoparticulates are anchored on the AF-MWCNTs. These nanoparticulates provide more active sites for the catalytic reaction of SOCl〈sub〉2〈/sub〉. The assemblies are shown to have an adsorption-coordination effect on Li ions and to delay the deposition of lithium chloride passive films enhancing battery voltage platforms.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉A 〈em〉hovenia acerba〈/em〉-like assembly constructed with cobalt tetrapyridinoporphyrazine of thickness of 5–15 nm is anchored on acid-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CoTAP/MWCNTs), which were prepared using an 〈em〉in situ〈/em〉 solid synthesis process. The discharge time of Li/SOCl〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 batteries with a voltage greater than 3.15 V catalyzed by CoTAP/MWCNTs is found to be 11 min longer than batteries without catalysts and 4 min longer than those catalyzed by CoTAP alone.〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0013468618324319-fx1.jpg" width="270" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 216〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Xinjiang Hu, Weixuan Wang, Guangyu Xie, Hui Wang, Xiaofei Tan, Qi Jin, Daixi Zhou, Yunlin Zhao〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉A novel ternary composite of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C〈sub〉3〈/sub〉N〈sub〉4〈/sub〉)/graphene oxide (GO) sheets/BiFeO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 (CNGB) with highly enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity toward Cr(VI) photoreduction is prepared and characterized. The characterization and photocatalysis experiments corroborate its reasonable band gap, efficient charge separation and transfer, widened visible-light adsorption, easy solid-liquid separation, good stability and superior catalytic activity of CNGB. Three CNGB samples with different ratios of g-C〈sub〉3〈/sub〉N〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 and BiFeO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 (CNGB-1, -2, -3 with 2:4, 3:3, and 4:2, respectively), though possessing different adsorption ability, eventually remove all Cr(VI) ions via photocatalysis within 90 min. The catalytic efficiency of the composite is the highest at pH 2; increases in pH decrease the catalytic ability. The inorganic anions such as SO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉, Cl〈sup〉−〈/sup〉, and NO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉 only slightly affects the photocatalytic process. The matching of the band structure between BiFeO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 and g-C〈sub〉3〈/sub〉N〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 generates efficient photogenerated electron migration from the conduction band of g-C〈sub〉3〈/sub〉N〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 to that of BiFeO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉, which is also facilitated by the electron bridging and collecting effects of GO, and holes transfer from the valence band of BiFeO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 to that of g-C〈sub〉3〈/sub〉N〈sub〉4〈/sub〉, yielding the efficient separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and the subsequent enhancement of photocatalytic activity. The research provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the development of photocatalytic technologies for effective application in wastewater treatment and Cr-contaminated water restoration.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 216〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): F. Faghihzadeh, N.M. Anaya, H. Hadjeres, T.B. Boving, V. Oyanedel-Craver〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈p〉This study present assessed the effect of UV pulsed light (PL) on microbial and organic pollutants using two spiral lamps were used, i.e., PL1 and PL2 lamps, with wavelength cut-offs of 190 and 240 nm, respectively. Overall, our study demonstrated that pulsed UV light impacts several microbial biomolecules and degrades polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aqueous solution. In microbial inactivation by PL2, temporary changes of bacterial cellular components, specifically proteins, were observed, but the compositional changes of bacteria that were exposed to PL1 were permanent due to ozonolysis. PL1 irradiation caused greater deactivation of the bacteria than PL2 irradiation due to the generation of ozone. The higher efficacy of PL1 in terms of membrane disruption, reduction of respiration rate, and reduction of growth rate was due to the production of ozone during the irradiation period. The bacteria that were irradiated with both PL lamps regrew due to photoreactivation, such as an enzymatic DNA-repair mechanism.〈/p〉 〈p〉The PAH degradation kinetics indicate that higher molecular weights degraded faster than those with lower molecular weights. For both lamps, the degradation of naphthalene and fluorene was first order, whereas second order for pyrene and anthracene. Any effect of ozonolysis on the PAH degradation rates was not apparent, which indicated that photolysis was the primary degradation pathway. PAH solutions treated with both pulsed UV lamps did not result in a toxicity effect on the bacteria.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 216〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yaquan Liu, Xinyue Pang, Jiarui Song, Xinhe Liu, Juanjuan Song, Yongna Yuan, Chunyan Zhao〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) is widely used in industry as an alternative to the decabromodiphenyl ether (BDEs). The large-scale use of DBDPE could lead to rapid growth of the human accumulation level of DBDPE. However, the biophysics of accumulation of DBDPE in cell membranes, as one of determinants of DBDPE metabolism is not clear. In the present study, detailed observations of cell lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels measurements proved that the DBDPE exposure to cell could result in significant cell membrane damage by concentration-dependent manners. The fluorescence anisotropy analysis supported the evidence that high concentration DBDPE bound decreased membrane fluidity significantly. Besides it, a detailed molecular dynamic (MD) simulation was approached to investigate the effects of DBDPE on the DPPC (dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine) phospholipid bilayer, which was constructed as the model of cell membrane. The molecular dynamic simulation revealed that DBDPE molecules can easily enter the membrane from the aqueous phase. Under the concentration of a threshold, the DBDPE molecules tended to aggregate inside the DPPC bilayer and caused pore formation. The bound of high concentration of DBDPE could result in significant variations in DPPC bilayer with a less dense, more disorder and rougher layer. The knowledge about DBDPEs interactions with lipid membranes is fundamentally essential to understand the in vivo process of DBDPE and the physical basis for the toxicity of DBDPE in cell membranes.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0045653518320010-fx1.jpg" width="457" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 216〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yangke Long, Sifan Bu, Yixuan Huang, Yueqi Shao, Ling Xiao, Xiaowen Shi〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Metal-free carbo-catalyst has recently emerged as a promising candidate as a substituent for tradition-metal based heterogeneous catalyst for catalytic activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS). However, most reported carbo-catalysts suffer from low catalytic efficiency and poor stability, thus a high-performance catalyst is urgently desired. In this study, a novel carbo-catalyst (NHPC-800), prepared by using tannic acid and dicyandiamide as renewable carbon/nitrogen feedstocks via a simple pyrolysis route, is reported as an activator of PMS with highly efficient catalytic ability and stability. The as-prepared NHPC-800 possesses as high as 22.4 atom% of nitrogen dopants and a hierarchically porous structure with abundant meso/macropores, accompanied by the abundant edges and wrinkles, which supply sufficient exposed catalytically active centers and fast electrons/mass transportations. Using rhodamine B as a model pollutant, the NHPC-800 shows a highly efficient catalytic ability which is superior to most reported carbo-catalysts and even some state-of-the-art metal catalysts. Based on competitive quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) results, a non-radical pathway involving the generation of 〈sup〉1〈/sup〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 is responsible for the degradation of pollutants. Given that the NHPC-800 shows good recycling performance and strong resistance to adventitious interference such as anions and natural organic matters, we believe NHPC-800 can be a promising candidate for practical applications, and this study can provide inspirations for the further development of highly efficient carbo-catalysts.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0045653518320460-fx1.jpg" width="343" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Electrochimica Acta, Volume 295〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Shuxing Wu, Hengzhi Guo, Kwan San Hui, Kwun Nam Hui〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Rational electrode architectural design, favorable electrode composition, and versatile synthesis approach play a significant role in developing advanced electrodes for high-performance supercapacitor. In this work, we report a facile approach for fabricating 1D hierarchical CuO@Co〈sub〉〈em〉x〈/em〉〈/sub〉Ni〈sub〉〈em〉1−x〈/em〉〈/sub〉(OH)〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 nanowire arrays grown on 3D highly conductive copper foam. The optimized CuO@Co〈sub〉0.2〈/sub〉Ni〈sub〉0.8〈/sub〉(OH)〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 electrode delivers an ultrahigh specific capacity of 374.7 mAh g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 at 2 A g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 with exceptional rate capability (301.7 mAh g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 at 50 A g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉) and remarkable cycling stability (95.9% after 10 000 cycles at 50 A g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉). A flexible asymmetric solid-state supercapacitor (ASC) is fabricated using the optimized CuO@Co〈sub〉0.2〈/sub〉Ni〈sub〉0.8〈/sub〉(OH)〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 as the positive electrode, activated carbon-coated nickel foam as the negative electrode, and polyvinyl alcohol/KOH gel as electrolyte. The flexible ASC operating with a potential window of 0–1.6 V delivers an energy density of 46.5 Wh kg〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 with a power density of 526.9 W kg〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉. The ASC also exhibits excellent cycling stability with a capacity retention of 84.3% after 10 000 cycles at a current density of 7 A g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0013468618324459-fx1.jpg" width="325" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Electrochimica Acta, Volume 295〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Krishnan Shanmugam Anuratha, Hsiao-Shan Peng, Yaoming Xiao, Tzu-Sen Su, Tzu-Chien Wei, Jeng-Yu Lin〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this current work, a bifunctional TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 thin film with reduced pin-hole effect and enhanced light trapping capability was successfully fabricated by using a facile galvanostatic anodic deposition route in the presence of Brij-58 soft template (ST). The surface morphology of electrodeposited TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 thin film using ST confirmed the formation of nano-sized TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 particles with improved porous nature than that of TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 thin film electrodeposited in the absence of ST. Compared with the conventional scaffold porous layer (PL) fabricated from commercial mesoporous TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 composed of ∼30 nm nanoparticles, the electrodeposited TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 film using ST demonstrated the reduced pinhole effect and improved light trapping feature. Owing to the bifunctional behavior of electrodeposited TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 using ST, the cell efficiency of the perovskite solar cell was achieved up to 17.06% which was ca.10% higher than those with commercial TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 nanoparticles.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 216〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Nicole S.M. Vieira, Joana C. Bastos, Luís P.N. Rebelo, Ana Matias, João M.M. Araújo, Ana B. Pereiro〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The use of fluorinated ionic liquids (FILs) as novel materials in biological and pharmaceutical applications is an emerging research field. The knowledge of their cytotoxicity and that of 1-octanol/water partition coefficients are essential to assess their environmental risks, to estimate their toxicity and activity, or the hydrophilic/lipophilic balance, as well as to explore their properties as solvents in extraction processes or for successful drug design. The study of the cytotoxicity in four different human cell lines and the experimental measurement of the partition coefficient between 1-octanol and water (P〈sub〉〈em〉o/w〈/em〉〈/sub〉), using the slow-stirring method, were carried out for several FILs. In both studies, the effect of the cation ([C〈sub〉2〈/sub〉C〈sub〉1〈/sub〉Im]〈sup〉+〈/sup〉, [C〈sub〉2〈/sub〉C〈sub〉1〈/sub〉py]〈sup〉+〈/sup〉, [C〈sub〉4〈/sub〉C〈sub〉1〈/sub〉pyr]〈sup〉+〈/sup〉, [N〈sub〉1112(OH)〈/sub〉]〈sup〉+〈/sup〉, or [N〈sub〉4444〈/sub〉]〈sup〉+〈/sup〉), the cationic alkyl side-chain length ([C〈sub〉n〈/sub〉C〈sub〉1〈/sub〉Im]〈sup〉+〈/sup〉, with n = 2, 6, 8 or 12), and the anionic fluorinated chain length/anionic fluorinated domain size ([C〈sub〉4〈/sub〉F〈sub〉9〈/sub〉SO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉]¯, [C〈sub〉8〈/sub〉F〈sub〉17〈/sub〉SO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉]¯, or [N(C〈sub〉4〈/sub〉F〈sub〉9〈/sub〉SO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉)〈sub〉2〈/sub〉]¯) were analysed. The results reveal that both toxicity and partition properties are mainly influenced by the size of the cationic hydrogenated alkyl side-chain and that of the anionic fluorinated domain. The intrinsic tuneability of the FILs allows for their selection according to the lipophilic or hydrophilic character of the target biological system under consideration. The toxicity studies corroborate the biocompatible nature of some FILs tested in this work. Along, for all the FILs under study P〈sub〉〈em〉o/w〈/em〉〈/sub〉 〈 1.00. Accordingly, a decadic logarithm of the bioconcentration factor in fish of 0.5 would be estimated, which is below the regulatory endpoint used by regulatory agencies.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0045653518320204-fx1.jpg" width="500" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 216〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yasir Aziz, Ghulam Abbas Shah, Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Recently, there is a growing interest among agriculturists to use nanotechnology for the development of nutrient-use efficient fertilizers. However, its sustainable use for the synthesis of mineral or organic nano-fertilizers requires a thoughtful of the mechanism as well as the fate of nutrients and their interaction with soil-plant systems. Therefore, the aim of current study was to investigate the mixing of three different application rates of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNPs: 1.4, 2.8 and 3.6 mg kg〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 soil) as well as zeolite (141, 282 and 423 mg kg〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 soil) with biogas slurry (AS) on soil nutrient availability and herbage nitrogen (N) and zinc (Zn) uptake in a standard pot experiment. We found that both ZNPs and zeolite significantly increased mineral N content in soil compared to AS alone (P 〈 0.05). On the other hand, plant available phosphorus or potassium and microbial biomass carbon (C) in the soil were neither significantly affected by any application rate of ZNPs nor zeolite mixed AS. Soil microbial biomass N was significantly higher in second and third application rates of both ZNPs and zeolite amended AS treatments compared to AS alone. However, this increment in mineral N did not influence shoot uptake and herbage apparent recovery of this nutrient from AS. Similarly, co-mixing of both ZNPs and zeolite in AS did not influence shoot N uptake but Zn uptake was significantly higher in this treatment compared to AS alone. Therefore, this combination would be considered for improving crop Zn uptake under such fertilizer management regimes.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0045653518319805-fx1.jpg" width="357" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 216〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Roya Nazari, Ljiljana Rajić, Ali Ciblak, Sebastián Hernández, Ibrahim E. Mousa, Wei Zhou, Dibakar Bhattacharyya, Akram N. Alshawabkeh〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This study investigates the effect of palladium (Pd) form on the electrochemical degradation of chlorobenzene in groundwater by palladium-catalyzed electro-Fenton (EF) reaction. In batch and flow-through column reactors, EF was initiated via in-situ electrochemical formation of hydrogen peroxide (H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉) supported by Pd on alumina powder or by palladized polyacrylic acid (PAA) in a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane (Pd-PVDF/PAA). In a mixed batch reactor containing 10 mg L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 Fe〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉, 2 g L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 of catalyst in powder form (1% Pd, 20 mg L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 of Pd) and an initial pH of 3, chlorobenzene was degraded under 120 mA current following a first-order decay rate showing 96% removal within 60 min. Under the same conditions, a rotating Pd-PVDF/PAA disk produced 88% of chlorobenzene degradation. In the column experiment with automatic pH adjustment, 71% of chlorobenzene was removed within 120 min with 10 mg L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 Fe〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉, and 2 g L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 catalyst in pellet form (0.5% Pd, 10 mg L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 of Pd) under 60 mA. The EF reaction can be achieved under flow, without external pH adjustment and H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 addition, and can be applied for in-situ groundwater treatment. Furthermore, the rotating PVDF-PAA membrane with immobilized Pd-catalyst showed an effective and low maintenance option for employing Pd catalyst for water treatment.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0045653518320046-fx1.jpg" width="341" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 217〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Mengmeng Liu, Min Zhang, Rongjie Hao, Tingting Du, Tong Li, Yao Li〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Graphene oxide (GO) is a structural analog of graphene and contains numerous O-containing functional groups. As rapidly increasing production and usage of GO, it is inevitable to flow into the water and wastewater treatment system and finally oxidized by disinfectants to form DBPs. Meanwhile, as GO is a nano sized carbon material, it may also break the human digestion system when it was absorbed by human body. This study explored the DBP formation when only GO was present. Effects of Br〈sup〉−〈/sup〉 were also considered during the DBP formation. Both trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) were formed during the chlorination and chloramination procedure, but the total concentration of THMs was at least three times higher than that of HAAs. Irradiation can significantly enhance the DBP formation via the formation of radicals. The wrinkled appearance and decomposition of aromatic ring may both be effective on the DBP formation via chlorination or bromination. The findings of this study advance knowledge on the DBP formation of GO in water treatment systems and provide insight on the toxic effects of the transformation products of GO.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 216〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Bo Liu, Jing Wu, Cheng Cheng, Jiukai Tang, Muhammad Farooq Saleem Khan, Jian Shen〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract:〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Identifying the causes of water body pollution is critical because of the serious water contamination in developing countries. The textile industry is a major contributor to severe water pollution due to its high discharge of wastewater with high concentrations of organic and inorganic pollutants. In this study, fluorescence excitation emission matrix–parallel factor (EEM-PARAFAC) analysis was applied to characterize textile industry wastewater and trace its presence in water bodies. The EEM spectra of textile wastewater samples collected from 12 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) revealed two characteristic peaks: Peak T1 (tryptophan-like region) and Peak B (tyrosine-like region). Two protein-like components (C1 and C2) were identified in the textile wastewater by PARAFAC analysis. The components identified from different textile WWTPs were considered identical (similarity 〉0.95). C1 and C2 were not sensitive to changes in pH, ionic strength, or low humic acid concentration (TOC 〈 4 mg/L). Therefore, C1 combined with C2 was proposed as a source-specific indicator of textile wastewater, which was further demonstrated by conducting high-performance size exclusion chromatography analysis. These results suggested that EEM-PARAFAC analysis is a reliable means of identifying textile wastewater pollution in water bodies and may also enable the identification of other industrial wastewater.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0045653518320162-fx1.jpg" width="500" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 216〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Bo Chen, Sijiang Chen, Huinan Zhao, Yang Liu, Fengxia Long, Xuejun Pan〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Ascribing to their significant differences in physicochemical properties, it is extremely challenging to treat complex wastewater containing more than one class of pollutants via one-step treatment. Here, we focused on disposal of complex wastewater bearing organic dye and heavy metal by using adsorptive method. Thus, by combining the advantages of polyethyleneimine (PEI), β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) as well as Fe〈sub〉3〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 magnetic nanoparticles, a versatile β-CD and PEI bi-functionalized magnetic nanoadsorbent (Fe〈sub〉3〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉-PEI/β-CD) with spatially separated sorption sites was successfully constructed for simultaneous capture of methyl orange (MO) and Pb(II) in complex wastewater. In this setting, β-CD cavities and positively charged N-containing groups of PEI were mainly responsible for removal of MO via host-guest inclusion and electrostatic attraction, respectively, and oxygen-bearing groups on the edge of β-CD as well as the free amino moieties in PEI acted as the active sites for Pb(II) uptake. In their individual mono-pollutant system, the adsorption processes can be better described via applying pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models. Interestingly, presence of MO in Pb(II)-MO binary system significantly promoted the uptake of Pb(II). But the coexisting Pb(II) had almost no effects on MO uptake. Such results demonstrated that both MO and Pb(II) could be simultaneously and synergistically removed by Fe〈sub〉3〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉-PEI/β-CD through multiple mechanisms (such as electrostatic attraction, host-guest inclusion, chelating, etc.). Particularly, the excellent regeneration and stability make Fe〈sub〉3〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉-PEI/β-CD an ideal integrative adsorbent for purification of actual wastewater contaminated by MO and Pb(II). Thus, this study provides some insights into designing a well-performed and easily recyclable adsorbent for simultaneous and synergetic capture of both organic and inorganic contaminants in complex wastewater.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉A versatile β-CD and PEI bi-functionalized magnetic nanoadsorbent with spatially separated sorption sites (denoted as Fe3O4-PEI/β-CD) was successfully constructed for simultaneous removal of methyl orange (MO) and Pb(II) from complex wastewater through multiple mechanisms (such as electrostatic attraction, host-guest inclusion, chelating, etc.).〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0045653518320198-fx1.jpg" width="444" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 216〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Xian Cao, Shuai Zhang, Hui Wang, Xianning Li〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In general, refractory organics were hardly used as co-substrate in bioelectrochemical system. This study established a coupled bioelectrochemical system composed of a biofilm electrode reactor and a microbial fuel cell for using the azo dye X-3B as part of co-substrate. The two units degraded the azo dye X-3B stepwise while using it as part of co-substrate. Our results indicated that the removal efficiency of X-3B increased 28.5% using the coupled system compared with a control system. Moreover, the addition of the co-substrate glucose, which was necessary for MFC electricity generation, was reduced on the premise of stable removal efficiency in the coupled system to prevent resource waste due to using X-3B as part of co-substrate. The intermediate products of X-3B degradation were further explored using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and a X-3B degradation pathway was proposed at the same time. Microbial communities were analyzed, illustrating that the mechanism of X-3B degradation was dependent on bioelectrochemistry rather than on microbial degradation.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 216〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Nikita Bakanov, Matthias V. Wieczorek, Ralf Schulz〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Understanding fate and transport of plant protection products (PPPs) that enter vegetated streams from agricultural fields is important for both exposure assessment and risk attenuation, yet limited knowledge is available. The present laboratory study investigated sorption processes governing mass transfer of three common PPPs between water and aquatic plant phases at flow-through exposure conditions (transient aqueous-phase PPP-peak of 4 h 25 min) using three temperature regimes. The exposure produced rapid sorption of PPPs to plants, followed by a gradual depuration from plants. Dynamic sorption kinetics depended on temperature, plant species, and physicochemical properties of the PPPs. Sorption to plants contributed to a 10% reduction of the water-phase peak concentrations of the PPPs. However, being reversible, the attenuation effect was limited to the residence time of the PPPs in the systems. Results of the present study highlight that effectivity of aquatic plants in the attenuation of PPP loads may vary greatly depending on hydrodynamic properties of aquatic systems.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 217〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Huihui Wang, Hui Ma, Min Zhang, Tingting Du, Rongjie Hao, Mengmeng Liu, Yao Li〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) can be formed from many different kinds of carbon- and nitrogen-based organic materials. This study investigated DBP formation in the presence of two types of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 47) and 2,2′,3,3′,4,4′,5,5′,6,6′-decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 209). The effects of PBDEs on the formation of DBPs upon the chlorination (or chloramination) of Suwannee River humic acid (SRHA) were also evaluated. Results indicated that the chlorination of BDE 47 and BDE 209 resulted in the formation of DBPs, with 1,1,1-trichloro-2-propanone (1,1,1-TCP) being the major DBP type formed. When PBDEs were present in the SRHA solution, a lower amount of CHCl〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 was formed, and more 1,1,1-TCP was produced. However, the effects of PBDEs on the formation of DBPs in the real surface water were insignificant because of the complicated water chemistry.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 217〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jiena Yun, Chang Zhu, Qian Wang, Qiaoli Hu, Gang Yang〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Sulfur dioxide (SO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉) ranks as a major air pollutant and is likely to generate acid rain. When molecular oxygen is the oxygen source, the regular surfaces of gibbsite (one of the most abundant mineral dusts) show no reactivity for SO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 conversions to H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉SO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉, while the partially dehydrated (100) surface with coordination-unsaturated Al sites becomes catalytically effective. Because of the easy availability of molecular oxygen, results manifest that acid rain can form under all atmospheric conditions and may account for the high conversion ratio of atmospheric SO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉. The (100) and (001) surfaces show divergent catalytic effects, and hydrolysis is always the rate-limiting step. Path A (hydrolysis and then oxidation) is preferred for (100) surface, whereas a third path with obviously lower activation barriers is presented for (001) surface, which is non-existent for (100) surface. Atomic oxygen originating from the dissociation of molecular oxygen is catalytically active for (100) surface, while the active site of (001) surface fails to be recovered, suggesting that SO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 conversions over gibbsite surfaces are facet-controlled. This work also offers an environmentally friendly route for production of H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉SO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 (one of the essential compounds in chemical industry), directly using molecular oxygen as the oxygen source.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0045653518320769-fx1.jpg" width="326" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 216〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Guanghui Wang, Wenzhe Fan, Qin Li, Nansheng Deng〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this work, aspartic acid-β-cyclodextrin (ACD) was synthesized by the reaction of β-cyclodextrin with aspartic acid and epichlorohydrin, and graphene oxide-TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 (GO-TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉) composite catalyst was prepared by a hydrothermal method. The complexation of ACD with New Coccine (NC) and Pb〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 was characterized with FT-IR and XPS, respectively, the results show that ACD can simultaneously complex NC and Pb〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉. XRD analysis and SEM images of GO-TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 show that TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 platelets are well distributed on both sides of the graphene oxide sheets, and display a similar XRD pattern to the pure TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 nanoparticles with the typical diffraction peak of anatase phase. The effects of ACD on the photocatalytic degradation of NC and photocatalytic reduction of Pb〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 were investigated in the single pollution system, and the synergistic effects on the simultaneous photocatalytic NC degradation and Pb〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 reduction in the presence of ACD were also evaluated. The results showed that the presence of ACD was favorable to the acceleration of photocatalytic oxidation of NC and photocatalytic reduction of Pb〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 in the single pollution system, and the photocatalytic reaction rate constants of NC and Pb〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 in the presence of ACD increased 58% and 42%, respectively. For the combined pollution system, the synergistic effects on the simultaneous conversion of NC and Pb〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 in aqueous solutions were also further enhanced. ACD enhanced photocatalytic activity was attributed to the improvement of the electron transfer and mass transfer at the GO-TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 interface.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 216〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Xinbo Wang, Hong Cheng, Peiying Hong, Xixiang Zhang, Zhiping Lai〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Despite advanced materials and techniques to reduce the fouling issue of membranes, 10–30% of the cost of ultrafiltration (UF) processes have been spent on membrane cleaning. Particularly in water treatment, the traditional heavy metal-based method is challenged due to its environmental pollution risk and increasing public health awareness. Here, we report the synthesis of a metal-free contact-active antifouling and antimicrobial membrane by covalently functionalizing a commercial polyacrylonitrile (PAN) UF membrane with 2,4-diamino-1,3,5-triazine (DAT) via a one-step catalyst-free hydrothermal [4 + 2] cyclization of dicyandiamide reaction. The proposed mechanism of the antimicrobial activity of the DAT-functionalized membrane is through strong attraction between the DAT groups and the microbial membrane protein via strong hydrogen bonding, leading to microbial membrane disruption and thus microbe death. A high water flux and good reusability of the membrane against protein in a UF experiment were achieved. The low cost, easy availability of the compounds, as well as the facile reaction offer a high potential of the membrane for real applications in ultrafiltration.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 217〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jalil Jaafari, Kamyar Yaghmaeian〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this study, the interaction of the initial metal concentration, time of reaction and 〈em〉Chlorella coloniales〈/em〉 algae dose were taken for the biosorption of Cr, Cd, Co, Fe and As from aqueous solutions using the Box–Behnken design. The regression equation coefficients were calculated and the data confirmed the validity of second-order polynomial equation for the removal of Cr, Cd, Co, Fe and As with 〈em〉Chlorella coloniales〈/em〉 algae. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a high coefficient of determination value (R〈sup〉2〈/sup〉) for Cr, Cd, Co, Fe, and As, being respectively 0.998, 0.998, 0.995, 0.998 and 0.994. Heavy metal biosorption increased with the increase in time of reaction from 30 h to 100 h then smoothly steadily decreased. The biosorption capacity of 〈em〉Chlorella coloniales〈/em〉 increased when initial Cd concentration was increased from 5 to 12 mg/L, and then no change was seen with further increasing in initial Cd concentration. At low concentrations of heavy metal, 〈em〉Chlorella coloniales〈/em〉 showed its effectiveness for Cr, Co, Fe and As bioaccumulation, but at high concentrations of heavy metal bioaccumulation efficiency decreased Under optimal value of process parameters, maximum efficiencies for the removal of Cr, Cd, Co, Fe, and As were 97.8, 97.05, 95.15, 98.6 and 96.5% respectively. The results of the present study suggest that use of 〈em〉C. Coloniales〈/em〉 algae can be a good alternative to the current expensive methods of removing heavy metals from aqueous solution.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 216〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Khalid Rehman Hakeem, Hesham F. Alharby, Reiazul Rehman〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The effect of lead (Pb)-induced oxidative stress was investigated in 〈em〉Fagopyrum kashmirianum〈/em〉. The seedlings absorbed the Pb readily by showing time (15 and 30 days) and concentration (0, 100, 200 and 300 μM) dependent effects. Pb caused reduction in both root and shoot lengths but its accumulation was more in roots (22.32 mg g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 DW) than shoots (8.86 mg g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 DW) at the highest concentration (300 μM) resulting in translocation factor (TF) 〈 1 at all concentrations. Thus the uptake and translocation of Pb between roots and shoots showed a positive correlation indicating the plant as root accumulator. Amongst the photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll content showed a decline while the carotenoid and anthocyanin levels were elevated. The fresh mass and biomass showed a non-significant decrease at both the sampling times. The osmolyte and antioxidative enzymes (SOD, CAT, APX. POD, GR and GST) were positively correlated with Pb treatments except proline and CAT, which showed decline in 30-day-old plants. The alleviation of Pb-stress is an indication for existence of strong detoxification mechanism in 〈em〉F. kashmirianum, which〈/em〉 suggest that it could be cultivated in Pb-contaminated soils.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 216〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Celestina E. Sobral – Souza, Ana R.P. Silva, Nadghia F. Leite, Janaina E. Rocha, Amanda K. Sousa, José G.M. Costa, Irwin R.A. Menezes, Francisco A.B. Cunha, Larissa A. Rolim, Henrique D.M. Coutinho〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The present study had as its objective to verify the 〈em〉Psidium guajava〈/em〉 var. Pomifera L. chelating, antioxidant and cytoprotective effects against mercury and aluminum. The ethanolic extract, tannic and flavonoid fractions were subjected to LC-MS analysis. The Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and ferric ion reduction demonstrated a present antioxidant activity. The fungicidal and bactericidal activity of these metals were established. After determining the sub-allelopathic doses, germination tests using 〈em〉Lactuca sativa〈/em〉 were performed. Quercetin and its derivatives were the main compounds identified in the extract and the fractions. Mercury chloride significantly reduced the bactericidal effect of the flavonoid fraction (p 〈 0.001). None of the fractions were cytoprotective against mercury or aluminum in the fungal model assays. Using a sub-allelopathic concentration (64 μg/mL), the ethanolic extract, flavonoid and tannic fractions were found to be cytoprotective against aluminum for radicles, however only the tannic fraction was cytoprotective for caulicles. These data suggest that natural 〈em〉P. guajava〈/em〉 products are promising cytoprotective compound sources. This activity may be related to the antioxidant effect of secondary metabolites, mainly flavonoids. Our results point to a potential for environmental intervention product and technique development aimed at mitigating contamination by toxic metals such as mercury and aluminum.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 216〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jie Luo, Xinli Xing, Shihua Qi, Jian Wu, X.W. Sophie Gu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Hyperaccumulators can mobilize all metals in soil through secreting exudates to form soluble compounds but only hyperaccumulate part of them. Metals that cannot be accumulated are defined as non-hyperaccumulated metals and can increase the leaching risk in phytoremediation. Cd and Zn hyperaccumulator 〈em〉Noccaea caerulescens〈/em〉 (formerly 〈em〉Thlaspi caerulescens〈/em〉) was utilized to remediate multi-metal polluted soil in the present study, and the leaching risk of non-hyperaccumulated metals including Cu and Pb was investigated during the phytoremediation process. Comparing with 〈em〉Thlaspi arvense〈/em〉, a non-hyperaccumulator, 〈em〉N. caerulescens〈/em〉 significantly decreased the concentrations of Cd and Zn in leachate gathered from precipitation simulation experiments without electric field, but meanwhile dramatically increased the concentrations of Cu and Pb in soil solution. Electric field with low (2 V) and moderate (4 V) voltages increased the biomass yield and metal uptake capacity of 〈em〉N. caerulescens〈/em〉 simultaneously and therefore further reduced the concentrations of Cd and Zn in the leachate. Although the volume of leachate decreased significantly in pots with electric field, the leaching risk of Pb and Cu was deteriorated. Thus, decontaminating multi-metal polluted soil with electric field and hyperaccumulator should be conducted with caution due to potential secondary environmental risk caused by activated non-hyperaccumulated metals.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0045653518320320-egi10NH7JS1ZHN.jpg" width="286" alt="Image" title="Image"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 217〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Haitao Shen, Weiwei Li, Stephen E. Graham, James M. Starr〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Ingestion of soils and house dusts is an important pathway for children's exposure to sorbed organic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). To reduce the uncertainty of the exposure estimates, it is important to understand the extent to which chemicals desorb and become bioaccessible following ingestion. In this study we use a three compartment in vitro digestive system to model the role of soil and house dust physicochemical properties on the post ingestion bioaccessibility of PCBs. Matched pairs (n = 37) of soil and dust were characterized for percent carbon and nitrogen, pH, moisture content, and particle size distribution. They were then fortified with a mixture of 18 PCBs and processed through the assay. The percent bioaccessibility of each PCB was calculated, then modeled using individual PCB log K〈sub〉ow〈/sub〉 values and the soil and dust properties. The bioaccessibility of the PCBs in soil (x̄ = 65 ± 16%) was greater (p 〈 0.001) than that of the PCBs in house dust (x̄ = 36 ± 14%). In the soil model, carbon was the sole statistically significant predictive (p ≤ 0.05) variable, while in house dust, both carbon and clay content were statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) predictors.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0045653518320666-fx1.jpg" width="355" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 216〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Xue Wu, Zheng Bo Zhu, Jia Hui Chen, Yi Fan Huang, Zi Li Liu, Jian Wen Zou, Ya Hua Chen, Na Na Su, Jin Cui〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Hydrogen-rich water (HRW) has been widely used in research on plant resistance to Cd. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of HRW in ameliorating cadmium stress in vegetables is largely unknown. In this study, the RNA-sequencing analyses were used to characterize the role of HRW in the alleviation of Cd toxicity in Chinese cabbage seedlings. Based on the obtained results, two genes encoding metal ionic transporters, 〈em〉BcIRT1〈/em〉 and 〈em〉BcZIP2〈/em〉 were ultimately selected out. Then, a systematic validation of the metal ion transport function of these two ZIP-encoding genes of pak choi were performed via a yeast transformation system. The results showed that 〈em〉BcIRT1〈/em〉 and 〈em〉BcZIP2〈/em〉 increased the sensitivity of different yeast mutant strains to relative metal ionic stresses and facilitated the accumulation of metal ions (Cd〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉, Mn〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉, Zn〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉, and Fe〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉) in yeast; thus, it suggests that 〈em〉BcIRT1〈/em〉 and 〈em〉BcZIP2〈/em〉 probably have the ability to transport Cd〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉, Mn〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉, Zn〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 and Fe〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 in pak choi. The time-course and concentration-dependent expression profiles of 〈em〉BcIRT1〈/em〉 and 〈em〉BcZIP2〈/em〉 showed that as time with HRW increased, the effectiveness of the repression on the expression of 〈em〉BcIRT1〈/em〉 and 〈em〉BcZIP2〈/em〉 increased, and as the seedlings were exposed to increased Cd concentrations, the inhibition of 〈em〉BcIRT1〈/em〉 and 〈em〉BcZIP2〈/em〉 by HRW was also increased. Over all, these findings provide new insights into the genome-wide transcriptome profiles in pak choi and show that HRW reduced Cd uptake probably through inhibiting the expression of transporters related to Cd absorption, 〈em〉BcIRT1〈/em〉 and 〈em〉BcZIP2〈/em〉.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 217〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Peter Butcherine, Kirsten Benkendorff, Brendan Kelaher, Bronwyn J. Barkla〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Widespread agricultural use of systemic neonicotinoid insecticides has resulted in the unintended contamination of aquatic environments. Water quality surveys regularly detect neonicotinoids in rivers and waterways at concentrations that could impact aquaculture stock. The toxicity of neonicotinoids to non-target aquatic insect and crustacean species has been recognised, however, there is a paucity of information on their effect on commercial shrimp aquaculture. Here, we show that commercially produced shrimp are likely to be exposed to dietary, sediment and waterborne sources of neonicotinoids; increasing the risks of disease and accidental human consumption. This review examines indicators of sublethal neonicotinoid exposure in non-target species and analyses their potential usefulness for ecotoxicology assessment in shrimp. The identification of rapid, reliable responses to neonicotinoid exposure in shrimp will result in better decision making in aquaculture management.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 216〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Maqusood Ahamed, Mohd Javed Akhtar, M.A. Majeed Khan, Salman A. Alrokayan, Hisham A. Alhadlaq〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Bismuth oxide nanoparticles (Bi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 NPs) have shown great potential for several applications including cosmetics and biomedicine. However, there is paucity of research on toxicity of Bi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 NPs. In this study, we first examined dose-dependent cytotoxicity and apoptosis response of Bi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 NPs in human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells. We further explored the potential mechanisms of cytotoxicity of Bi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 NPs through oxidative stress. Physicochemical study demonstrated that Bi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 NPs have crystalline structure and spherical shape with mean size of 97 nm. Toxicity studies have shown that Bi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 NPs reduce cell viability and induce membrane damage dose-dependently in the concentration range of 50–300 μg/ml. Bi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 NPs also disturbed cell cycle of MCF-7 cells. Oxidative stress response of Bi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 NPs was evident by generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), higher lipid peroxidation, reduction of glutathione (GSH) and low superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity. Interestingly, supplementation of external antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine almost negated the effect of Bi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 NPs induced oxidative stress and cell death. We also found that exposure of Bi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 NPs induced apoptotic response in MCF-7 cells suggested by impaired regulation of Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3 genes. Altogether, we found that Bi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 NPs induced cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cells through modulating the redox homeostasis 〈em〉via〈/em〉 Bax/Bcl-2 pathway. This study warranted further research to delineate the underlying mechanism of Bi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 NPs induced toxicity at 〈em〉in vivo〈/em〉 level.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0045653518320897-fx1.jpg" width="492" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 216〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Xingdong Wang, Qiaoqiao Chi, Xuejiao Liu, Yin Wang〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉A novel approach was used to prepare sewage sludge (SS)-derived biochar via coupling of hydrothermal pretreatment with pyrolysis (HTP) process at 300–700 °C. The influence of the pyrolysis temperature on the characteristics and environmental risk of heavy metals (HMs) in biochar derived from SS were investigated. The HTP process at higher pyrolysis temperature (≥500 °C) resulting in a higher quality of SS-derived biochar and in HMs of lower toxicity and environmental risk, compared with direct SS pyrolysis. Surface characterization and micromorphology analysis indicate that the N〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 adsorption capacity and BET surface area in biochar (SRC〈sub〉220〈/sub〉-500) obtained from hydrothermally treated SS at 220 °C (SR〈sub〉220〈/sub〉) pyrolysis at 500 °C, significantly increased the BET surface area and achieved its maximum value (47.04 m〈sup〉2〈/sup〉/g). Moreover, the HTP process can promote the HMs in SS be transformed from bioavailable fractions to more stable fractions. This increases with the pyrolysis temperature, resulting in a remarkable reduction in the potential environmental risk of HMs from the biochar obtained from the HTP process.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0045653518320605-fx1.jpg" width="340" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 216〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yan Wang, Qiaonan Zhang, Yuwei Zhang, Hongxia Zhao, Feng Tan, Xiaowei Wu, Jingwen Chen〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Concentrations and temporal variations of priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the air from a suburban area of Dalian, China were investigated for a 1-year period to assess their sources and potential correlations with six criteria air pollutants and meteorological parameters. The total concentrations of PAHs were in the range of 4.32–112.2 ng/m〈sup〉3〈/sup〉 (Mean = 52.37 ± 23.99 ng/m〈sup〉3〈/sup〉). Seasonality was discovered with the PAHs following an order of winter 〉 spring 〉 summer 〉 autumn. The impacts of meteorological parameters on PAH levels were season-dependent. High temperature may increase the air concentrations of 4-ring PAHs during the non-heating period, whereas high relative humidity may raise the concentrations of 3- and 4-ring PAHs during the heating period. Correlations of PAHs with criteria air pollutants, such as SO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉, NO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉, and O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉, indicated that both fossil fuel combustion and photochemical oxidation influenced the air concentrations of PAHs. According to the source apportionment by diagnostic ratios and PMF model, coal combustion and traffic emission were estimated to be the main sources of PAHs in Dalian, followed by petroleum release and biomass burning. It was worth noting that the contribution of coal combustion to the PAH burdens increased from 26% to 45% due to the emission from domestic heating in winter. This extra emission needs a continuous concern in the future.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0045653518320551-fx1.jpg" width="500" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 216〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Min Liu, Shenglan Jia, Ting Dong, Yuan Han, Jingchuan Xue, Elvy Riani Wanjaya, Mingliang Fang〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Bisphenol A diglycidy ether (BADGE) and its derivatives are epoxy resins and widely used as emerging plasticizers in food packages and material coating. Though known as endocrine disruptors, little information is available on their occurrence, exposure routes and toxicity. Besides, the analysis of BADGE and its derivatives has always been a challenge due to their reactive chemical properties and the background contamination. Therefore, we firstly developed a novel water-free method to analyze BADGE and its derivatives in dust samples together with other two typical plasticizers bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS). In order to investigate the levels in paired dust and urine samples, 33 paired samples were collected from Singapore. In both dust and urine samples, the predominant compounds were BPA, BADGE-2H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O and BPS. A significantly positive correlation of BPA levels in paired dust and urine samples was observed in this small-scale study. To tentatively explore the human health effect from exposure to these bisphenol plasticizers, we assessed the correlation between the urinary concentrations of these compounds and oxo-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), an oxidative stress biomarker. The result showed that 8-OHdG levels in urine samples was positively correlated with urinary BPA level and body mass index (BMI), suggesting that elevated oxidative stress might be associated with BPA exposure and obesity. In the future, a larger scale study is warranted due to the limited sample size in this study.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0045653518319453-fx1.jpg" width="300" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 216〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Tao Cui, Chenyang Shen, Anlin Xu, Weiqing Han, Jiansheng Li, Xiuyun Sun, Jinyou Shen, Lianjun Wang〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this work, a novel coupled-oxidation tubular reactor (COTR)/non-thermal dielectric barrier discharge (NTP-DBD) catalytic plasma in a synergistic electro-catalysis system was investigated for odorous mercaptans decomposition. In order to enhance the degradation efficiency of electro-oxidation, a novel enhanced Ti/PbO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 electro-catalytic tubular reactor prepared by using flow dynamic electrodeposition was designed and applied as pretreatment process for CH〈sub〉3〈/sub〉SNa wastewater. The results indicated that the optimal condition was 7 mA cm〈sup〉−2〈/sup〉 of current density, 10 g L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 of initial concentration of CH〈sub〉3〈/sub〉SNa, 9.0 of pH and 5.0 g L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 of electrolyte concentration. Addition of Fe〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 and H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 and mechanism of COTR system were first put forward. The target species CH〈sub〉3〈/sub〉SNa were removed over 90% by this process. In order to treat the CH〈sub〉3〈/sub〉SH effusion which was co-produced with CH〈sub〉3〈/sub〉SNa aqueous solution, the technology of NTP-DBD catalytic plasma reactor followed by a chemical absorption has been developed. MSH could be removed over 95% under the condition of 2 s of residence time, 15 kV of output voltage with oxygen concentration of 9%. Moreover, the synthetic Ni-doped AC catalyst had the best performance under 0.7 mmol g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 of nickel loading. The conclusion was the energetic electrons generated in the DBD reactor played a key role on the removal of MSH, and the major decomposition products of MSH were detected as CH〈sub〉3〈/sub〉SSCH〈sub〉3〈/sub〉, SO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 and NO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉. Moreover, the gaseous products in the plasma exhaust could be absorbed and fixed by the subsequent aqueous NaOH solution.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0045653518320411-fx1.jpg" width="359" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 216〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Changlong Wei, Xin Song, Qing Wang, Yun Liu, Na Lin〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (trade name F-53B), a perfluorooctane sulfonate alternative used as a mist suppressant in the chromium plating industry, is environmentally persistent and bioaccumulative. In this study, the kinetic and equilibrium data of F-53B sorption onto soils were obtained to investigate the relationship between sorption parameters and soil attributes. The effects of potential coexisting Cu(II), anionic Cr(VI) and sulfate on F-53B sorption by soils were explored. This is the first report of the effects of F-53B sorption behavior on soils with coexisting contaminants of Cu(II) and Cr(VI). The results showed that sorption kinetics of F-53B on soils could be well-fitted by the pseudo-second-order model. The maximum F-53B sorption capacity ranged from 22.71 to 92.36 mg/kg on six different soils, and the correlation analysis indicated a positive relationship between the maximum sorption capacity and the soil organic content, Al〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉, and Fe〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉. The desorption percentages of F-53B in this study, defined as the proportion of sorbed F-53B on soils that was recovered upon desorption, were lower than 8.2%. Moreover, F-53B sorption capacities generally decreased in the presence of Cu(II), Cr(VI), and sulfate, indicating that these ions can facilitate the F-53B mobility in the subsurface. Taken together, these findings suggest that electrostatic interaction, hydrophobic interaction, ligand exchange, and surface complexation contributed to the F-53B sorption on soils.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 10 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Electrochimica Acta, Volume 296〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Kadir Tuna, Arnd Kilian, Thorsten Ressler〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Electroless plating of tin layers with thicknesses of more than 3 μm is becoming an important process in the production of circuit boards and semiconductor. Phosphonates constitute promising complexing agents for autocatalytic tin electrolytes. However, detailed time-resolved investigations or electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements of tin deposition in this system are lacking. Here, deposition of tin was investigated by electrochemical quartz microbalance (EQCM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. EQCM investigations showed a strong drop in deposition rate within the first ten minutes. Bath parameters had a significant effect on the drop of deposition rate. The results indicated an inhibitive pyrophosphate adsorption on the tin electrode surface which caused the observed drop of deposition rate. Impedance measurements confirmed this assumption. The equivalent circuit applied for the analysis of EIS data, included an increasing adsorbate resistance Rp, which can be related to the thickness of an adsorbed permeable pyrophosphate layer. Impedance measurements at selected frequencies revealed a linear relation between deposition rate and conductance 1/Rp. Subsequently, gluconate substituting for pyrophosphate was tested as complexing agent. Combined EQCM and EIS measurements during deposition using a gluconate containing electrolyte showed a stable rate with an invariant conductance.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Electrochimica Acta, Volume 295〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Tao Liu, Xiaolin Sun, Shimei Sun, Quanhai Niu, Hui Liu, Wei Song, Fengting Cao, Xichao Li, Takeo Ohsaka, Jianfei Wu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Lithium-sulfur batteries were investigated as promising next-generation energy storage devices owing to their high capacity in comparison to conventional lithium-ion batteries. Nevertheless, the serious shuttle effect and sluggish redox kinetics originated from dissolution of polysulfides and insulating property of sulfur and lithium sulfide, restricted their practical applications. To overcome these stubborn problems, a robust and environment-friendly biomass carbon fiber interlayer anchored with uniformly-distributed SiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 nanoparticles was demonstrated. Benefiting from the excellent conductivity of carbon fiber, together with the stable chemical adsorption of SiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 for soluble polysulfides, this low-cost and lightweight interlayer could not only remarkably enhance sulfur utilization, but also efficiently capture the polysulfides by chemical entrapment strategies. With this biomass carbon fiber@SiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 interlayer, the batteries delivered a high reversible capacity of 1352.8 mAh g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 at 0.1 C and enhanced capacity of 618.4 mAh g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 after 500 cycles at 1.0 C. Even up to 4.2 mg cm〈sup〉−2〈/sup〉 sulfur loading, high cycling stability was also achieved by this interlayer. We believe this robust and low-cost interlayer has a great potential for practical applications of Li–S batteries.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 216〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jaime Rodríguez-Estival, Marta I. Sánchez, Cristina Ramo, Nico Varo, Juan A. Amat, Juan Garrido-Fernández, Dámaso Hornero-Méndez, Manuel E. Ortiz-Santaliestra, Mark A. Taggart, Mónica Martinez-Haro, Andy J. Green, Rafael Mateo〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉European populations of black-necked grebes (〈em〉Podiceps nigricollis〈/em〉) congregate every year to moult at the salt ponds of the Odiel Marshes (SW Spain). However, the Odiel Marshes are part of one of the most metal-polluted coastal estuaries in the world, which may pose risks to wildlife. We assessed the exposure of grebes to metal pollution during the critical moulting period in the Odiel Marshes and its potential to cause adverse health effects. Levels of metals in red blood pellet (as a biomarker of exposure), plasma carotenoids, eye redness, and body condition (as biomarkers of effects) were studied. Metal content was also analyzed in the brine shrimp 〈em〉Artemia parthenogenetica〈/em〉, the most important food for grebes in this hypersaline ecosystem during the moulting period. Results showed that, in comparison to toxicity thresholds, grebes had relatively high blood levels of arsenic (As), mercury (Hg) and zinc (Zn). The high loads found in 〈em〉Artemia〈/em〉 and the way blood levels vary during the moulting period indicate that shrimp consumption may be the main route of metal exposure for grebes. Plasma carotenoids and body condition showed a positive association with exposure to As, while the relationship of lutein-like carotenoids with Hg accumulation was negative at the beginning of the moulting period to become positive afterwards. Moreover, eye redness was negatively affected by As accumulation. Factors including food resource availability, seasonal fluctuations in physiological status, and interannual variations in the degree of environmental contamination should be considered in monitoring efforts when using moult migrant waterbirds as sentinel species.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S004565351832006X-egi108SW54GQSP.jpg" width="355" alt="Image" title="Image"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 216〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Hong Wang, Zhiqiu Gao, Jingzheng Ren, Yibo Liu, Lisa Tzu-Chi Chang, Kevin Cheung, Yun Feng, Yubin Li〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This study investigates the urban-rural and sex differences in the increased risks of the ten most common cancers in China related to high PM〈sub〉2.5〈/sub〉 concentration in the southeastern side of Hu line. Pearson correlation coefficient is estimated to reveal how the cancers closely associated with PM〈sub〉2.5〈/sub〉 long-term exposure. Then linear regression is conducted to evaluate sex- and area-specific increased risks of those cancers from high level PM〈sub〉2.5〈/sub〉 long-term exposure. The major finding is with the increase of every 10 μg/m〈sup〉3〈/sup〉 of annual mean PM〈sub〉2.5〈/sub〉 concentration, the increase of relative risks for lung cancer incidence and mortality are 15% and 23% for males, and 22% and 24% for females in rural area. For urban area, the increase of relative risk for ovarian cancer incidence is 9% for females, while that for prostatic cancer increases 17% for males. For leukemia, the increase of relative risks for incidence and mortality are 22% and 19% for females in rural area, while in urban area the increase of relative risk for mortality is 9% for males and for incidence is 6% for females. It is also found that with increased PM〈sub〉2.5〈/sub〉 exposure, the risks for ovarian and prostatic cancer rise significantly in urban area, while risks for lung cancer and leukemia rise significantly in rural area. The results demonstrate the higher risks for lung cancer and leukemia with increased PM〈sub〉2.5〈/sub〉 exposure are more significant for female. This study also suggests that the carcinogenic effects of PM〈sub〉2.5〈/sub〉 have obvious sex and urban-rural differences.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 216〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yanju Liu, Jianhua Du, Zhaomin Dong, Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman, Yongchao Gao, Kaihong Yan, Ravi Naidu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉There is increasing concern about the use of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated timber due to the possible leaching of toxic metals or metalloids. CCA-treated timber waste are currently stockpiled across Australia with limited information about their risks to the environment or human health. In this study, the treatment and utilisation of CCA-treated timber waste as garden mulch, garden retaining walls, and soil additive were investigated. Iron materials were used as immobilising agents. The bioavailability of Cr, Cu and As to 〈em〉Spinacia oleracea〈/em〉 from CCA-treated timber, before and after treatment, was determined in the context of human health risk assessment. The results showed that the iron-based treatments resulted in significant decreases in the concentrations of Cu and As in spinach grown in CCA-treated timber in soil. Analyses of CCA derived Cu and As in spinach showed that they accumulated in the roots rather than in the leaves. The risks of toxicity to humans varied for different utilisation scenarios and the immobilisation amendments were shown to reduce carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks. The information obtained in this study can inform development of utilisation options for CCA-treated timber wastes.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0045653518320022-fx1.jpg" width="307" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 216〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Han Chen, Tao Lin, Wei Chen, Hui Tao, Hang Xu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The variations of disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursors and DBPs-associated toxic potencies were evaluated by ozonation, followed by a up-flow biological activated carbon (O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉/UBAC) filter treating two reconstituted water samples, featuring either high bromide (105.3 μg/L) or dissolved organic nitrogen (0.73 mg N/L) concentration, respectively. Ozonation contributed to ∼20% decrease in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration at a dosage of 0.7 mg of O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉/mg of DOC, but no further reduction in DOC level was observed with an increased dose of 1.0 mg of O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉/mg of DOC. When chlorine or preformed monochloramine was used as a disinfectant, UBAC process led to ∼40% reduction in the sum of detected DBP formation potential (FP) due to the removal of precursors at a feasible empty bed contact time of 15 min. The integrated effect of ozonation and UBAC biofiltration decreased the sum of DBP FP by ∼50% including halonitromethanes (THNMs), N-nitrosamines (NAs), and bromate, which increased in the effluent of ozonation. Chloramination produced less DBPs by weight as well as DBPs-associated additive toxic potencies than chlorination. The reduction in additive toxic potencies was generally lower than the removal efficiency of DBP FP after chlor(am)ination of treated waters by O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉/UBAC, indicating that the removal of DBPs-associated additive toxic potencies should be focused to better understand on the residual risk to public health in controlling DBP precursors.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0045653518319064-fx1.jpg" width="273" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 217〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Brooke K. Mayer, Carlan Johnson, Yu Yang, Nicole Wellenstein, Emily Maher, Patrick J. McNamara〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This study evaluated strategies targeting macro- and micro-organic contaminant mitigation using low-energy titanium dioxide photocatalysis. Energy inputs of 1, 2, and 5 kWh m〈sup〉−3〈/sup〉 resulted in incomplete oxidation of macro-organic natural organic matter, signified by greater reductions of UV〈sub〉254〈/sub〉 and specific ultraviolet UV absorbance (SUVA) in comparison to dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The rate of UV〈sub〉254〈/sub〉 removal was 3 orders of magnitude greater than the rate of DOC degradation. Incomplete oxidation improved operation of downstream filtration processes. Photocatalysis at 2 kWh m〈sup〉−3〈/sup〉 increased the bed life of downstream granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration by 340% relative to direct filtration pretreatment. Likewise, photocatalysis operated ahead of microfiltration decreased fouling, resulting in longer filter run times. Using 2 kWh m〈sup〉−3〈/sup〉 photocatalysis increased filter run time by 36 times in comparison to direct filtration. Furthermore, levels of DOC and UV〈sub〉254〈/sub〉 in the membrane permeate improved (with no change in removal across the membrane) using low-energy photocatalysis pretreatments. While high-energy UV inputs provided high levels of removal of the estrogenic micro-organics estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), and 17α-ethynlestradiol (EE2), low-energy photocatalysis did not enhance removal of estrogens beyond levels achieved by photolysis alone. In the cases of E1 and E3, the addition of TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 as a photocatalyst reduced degradation rates of estrogens compared to UV photolysis. Overall, process electrical energy per order magnitude reductions (EEOs) greatly improved using photocatalysis, versus photolysis, for the macro-organics DOC, UV〈sub〉254〈/sub〉, and SUVA; however, energy required for removal of estrogens was similar between photolysis and photocatalysis.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0045653518320885-fx1.jpg" width="500" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 216〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Rahat Riaz, Usman Ali, Jun Li, Gan Zhang, Khan Alam, Andrew James Sweetman, Kevin C. Jones, Riffat Naseem Malik〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Lesser Himalayan Region (LHR) is an important mountain ecosystem which supports a wide range of biodiversity for native flora and fauna. Human population in this region is largely dependent upon local sources for their livelihood. Surface soil (n = 32) and sediment (n = 32) were collected from four different altitudinal ranges of LHR and analyzed for priority Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) recommended by USEPA. Level, sources and distribution pattern of PAHs were assessed in soil and sediments samples collected from four altitudinal zones in LHR. Total PAHs concentration level of PAHs in soil and sediments ranged from 62.79 to 1080 ng g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 and 14.54–437.43 ng g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉, respectively. Compositional profile of PAHs in both soil and sediment were dominated by low and medium molecular weight PAHs, ranged from 18.02 to 402.18 ng g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉in soil and 0.32–96.34 ng g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉in sediments. In the context of spatial distribution trend, highest mean concentrations of PAHs in soil were recorded in zone D (sites from the rural region) and for sediments highest concentrations were detected at zone A, which includes dam sites. In all four zones, no altitudinal trend of PAHs in soil and sediments was observed. Source apportionment through receptor modelling by positive matrix factorization (PMF) revealed that local sources such as biomass combustion and vehicular emissions are important sources of PAHs in this region. The prevalence of monsoon atmospheric circulation system in LHR implicated that this region is also influenced by medium and long range atmospheric transportation of PAHs from neighboring countries where potential sources and high level of PAHs has been reported.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0045653518320009-fx1.jpg" width="357" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 217〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Xiaohui Zhang, Song Tang, Mao Wang, Weimin Sun, Yuwei Xie, Hui Peng, Aimin Zhong, Hongling Liu, Xiaowei Zhang, Hongxia Yu, John P. Giesy, Markus Hecker〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Acid mine drainage (AMD) is one of the most hazardous byproducts of some types of mining. However, research on how AMD affects the bacterial community structure of downstream riverine ecosystems and the distribution of metal resistance genes (MRGs) along pollution gradient is limited. Comprehensive geochemical and high-throughput next-generation sequencing analyses can be integrated to characterize spatial distributions and MRG profiles of sediment bacteria communities along the AMD-contaminated Hengshi River. We found that (1) diversities of bacterial communities significantly and gradually increased along the river with decreasing contamination, suggesting community composition reflected changes in geochemical conditions; (2) relative abundances of phyla 〈em〉Proteobacteria〈/em〉 and genus 〈em〉Halomonas〈/em〉 and 〈em〉Planococcaceae〈/em〉 that function in metal reduction decreased along the AMD gradient; (3) low levels of sediment salinity, sulfate, aquatic lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) were negatively correlated with bacterial diversity despite pH was in a positive manner with diversity; and (4) arsenic (As) and copper (Cu) resistance genes corresponded to sediment concentrations of As and Cu, respectively. Altogether, our findings offer initial insight into the distribution patterns of sediment bacterial community structure, diversity and MRGs along a lotic ecosystem contaminated by AMD, and the factors that affect them.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S004565351832085X-fx1.jpg" width="437" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 217〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Kenneth Brezinski, Beata Gorczyca〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Natural organic matter (NOM) constitutes the terrestrial and aquatic sources of organic plant like material found in water bodies. As of recently, an ever-increasing amount of effort is being put towards developing better ways of unraveling the heterogeneous nature of NOM. This is important as NOM is responsible for a wide variety of both direct and indirect effects: ranging from aesthetic concerns related to taste and odor, to issues related to disinfection by-product formation and metal mobility. A better understanding of NOM can also provide a better appreciation for treatment design; lending a further understanding of potable water treatment impacts on specific fractions and constituents of NOM. The use of high performance size-exclusion chromatography has shown a growing promise in its various applications for NOM characterization, through the ability to partition ultraviolet absorbing moieties into ill-defined groups of humic acids, hydrolysates of humics, and low molecular weight acids. HPSEC also has the ability of simultaneously measuring absorbance in the UV–visible range (200–350 nm); further providing a spectroscopic fingerprint that is simply unavailable using surrogate measurements of NOM, such as total organic carbon (TOC), ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (UV〈sub〉254〈/sub〉), excitation-emission matrices (EEM), and specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA〈sub〉254〈/sub〉). This review mainly focuses on the use of HPSEC in the characterization of NOM in a potable water setting, with an additional focus on strong-base ion-exchangers specifically targeted for NOM constituents.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0045653518318824-fx1.jpg" width="474" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 216〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): John Pierce Wise, James T.F. Wise, Catherine F. Wise, Sandra S. Wise, Cairong Zhu, Cynthia L. Browning, Tongzhang Zheng, Christopher Perkins, Christy Gianios, Hong Xie, John Pierce Wise〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉One Environmental Health has emerged as an important area of research that considers the interconnectedness of human, animal and ecosystem health with a focus on toxicology. The great whales in the Gulf of Maine are important species for ecosystem health, for the economies of the Eastern seaboard of the United States, and as sentinels for human health. The Gulf of Maine is an area with heavy coastal development, industry, and marine traffic, all of which contribute chronic exposures to environmental chemicals that can bioaccumulate in tissues and may gradually diminish an individual whale's or a population's fitness. We biopsied whales for three seasons (2010–2012) and measured the levels of 25 metals and selenium in skin biopsies collected from three species: humpback whales (〈em〉Megaptera novaeangliae〈/em〉), fin whales (〈em〉Balaenoptera physalus〈/em〉), and a minke whale (〈em〉Balaenoptera acutorostrata〈/em〉). We established baseline levels for humpback and fin whales. Comparisons with similar species from other regions indicate humpback whales have elevated levels of aluminum, chromium, iron, magnesium, nickel and zinc. Contextualizing the data with a One Environmental Health approach finds these levels to be of potential concern for whale health. While much remains to understand what threats these metal levels may pose to the fitness and survival of these whale populations, these data serve as a useful and pertinent start to understanding the threat of pollution.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 216〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Han Wang, Guangjing Xu, Zheng Qiu, Yan Zhou, Yu Liu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The high energy consumption associated with biological treatment of municipal wastewater is posing a serious impact and challenge on the current global wastewater industry and is also inevitably linked to the issue of global climate change. To tackle such an emerging situation, this study aimed to develop strategies to effectively suppress nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in pilot-scale mainstream nitritation-denitritation system coupled with MBR for municipal wastewater treatment. The results showed that stable nitrite shunt was achieved, while more than 90% of COD and NH〈sub〉4〈/sub〉〈sup〉+〈/sup〉-N removal were obtained via nitritation-denitritation in the pilot plant fed with real municipal wastewater. Through adjusting aeration intensity in MBR in combination with the integrated control of dissolved oxygen (DO), sludge retention time (SRT) and sludge return ratio, NOB was successfully suppressed with a nitrite accumulation rate (NAR) of more than 80%.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 217〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Dong Chen, Zhong-wen Meng, Yi-ping Chen〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Large quantities of molybdenum (Mo) slag are generated as a by-product during mining and smelting, which not only occupy huge stretches of arable land and natural habitats but also threaten the local ecosystem and environment. How to recycle this Mo slag is becoming an urgent issue. Here, we reported the toxicity assessment of Mo slag as a mineral fertilizer for slag recycling in agricultural practices. The results showed the following: (1) Lower rates of slag (1.0%, 2.5%, and 5.0%) fertilization, especially 5.0% slag, increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase), the contents of chlorophyll, and both the maximum quantum yield and quantum efficiency of photosystem II; decreased the content of malondialdehyde and the non-photochemical quenching of photosystem II; and eventually increased the height, leaf area, and biomass of pakchoi seedlings; (2) Higher rates (7.5% and 10.0%) of Mo slag application resulted in a reduction in the aforementioned physiological and morphological parameters (except for peroxidase activity) of pakchoi seedlings; and (3) Although fertilization with 5.0% slag increased the accumulation of the non-essential elements arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) in pakchoi seedlings, their contents were still lower than the maximum levels of the Codex Alimentarius Commission, European Union, and standards of China. From the perspectives of plant nutrition and food safety, our results showed that Mo slag fertilization at rates lower than 5.0% can be applied as a mineral fertilizer for pakchoi grown on calcareous soils.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0045653518320915-fx1.jpg" width="399" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 217〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Rui Qu, Shu-Shen Liu, Tong Li, Hai-Ling Liu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In the field of computational toxicology, predicting toxicological interaction or hormesis effect of a mixture from individuals is still a challenge. The two most frequently used model concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) also cannot solve these challenges perfectly. In this paper, we used IDV〈sub〉equ〈/sub〉 (an interpolation method based on the Delaunay triangulation and Voronoi tessellation as well as the training set of direct equipartition ray design (EquRay) mixtures) to predict the toxicities of binary mixtures composed of hormetic ionic liquids (ILs). One of the purposes is to verify the predictive ability of IDV〈sub〉equ〈/sub〉. The other one is to improve the risk assessment of ILs mixtures especial hormetic ILs, because the toxicity reports of ILs mixtures are rarely reported in particular the toxicity of the hormetic ILs mixtures. Hence, we determined time-dependent toxicities of four ILs and their binary mixtures (designed by EquRay) to 〈em〉Vibrio qinghaiensis〈/em〉 sp.-Q67 at first. Then, mixture toxicities were predicted and compared using the IDV〈sub〉equ〈/sub〉 and CA. The results show that, the accuracy of IDV〈sub〉equ〈/sub〉 is higher than the accuracy of CA. And, more important, to some mixtures out of the CA application, IDV〈sub〉equ〈/sub〉 also can predict the mixture effects accurately. It showed that IDV〈sub〉equ〈/sub〉 can be applied to predict the toxicity of any binary mixture regardless of the type of concentration-response curve of the components. These toxicity data provided useful information for researching the prediction of hormesis or toxicological interaction of the mixture and toxicities of ILs mixtures.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 217〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Gaël Le Croizier, Camille Lacroix, Sébastien Artigaud, Stéphane Le Floch, Jean-Marie Munaron, Jean Raffray, Virginie Penicaud, Marie-Laure Rouget, Raymond Laë, Luis Tito De Morais〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Subcellular cadmium (Cd) partitioning was investigated in the liver of two marine fish species, the European sea bass 〈em〉Dicentrarchus labrax〈/em〉 and the Senegalese sole 〈em〉Solea senegalensis〈/em〉, dietary exposed to an environmentally realistic Cd dose for two months followed by a two-month depuration. The two species displayed different handling strategies during the depuration period. Cd was largely bound to detoxifying fractions such as heat stable proteins (HSP) including metallothioneins (MT) in sea bass, while Cd was more linked to sensitive fractions such as organelles in sole. Whole liver concentrations and subcellular partitioning were also determined for essential elements. The greatest impairment of essential metal homeostasis due to Cd exposure was found in sole. These elements followed the Cd partitioning pattern, suggesting that they are involved in antioxidant responses against Cd toxicity. Cd consumption diminished sole growth in terms of body weight, probably due to lipid storage impairment. The contrasting partitioning patterns showed by the two species might imply different pathways for Cd elimination from the liver. In sea bass, MT-bound Cd would be excreted through bile or released into blood, crossing the cell membrane via a protein transporter. In sole, MRG-bound Cd would be sequestered by organelles before being released into the blood via vesicular exocytosis. These distinct strategies in cellular Cd handling in the liver might account for differential sensitivity to Cd toxicity and differential Cd excretion pathways between the two marine fish species.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0045653518320873-fx1.jpg" width="496" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Electrochimica Acta, Volume 295〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Lei Lu, Xinyan Jiao, Jiawei Fan, Wu Lei, Yu Ouyang, Xifeng Xia, Zhixin Xue, Qingli Hao〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and Lithium storage both play the key roles in energy conversion and storage devices. Here, we report a honeycomb-like nitrogen-doped carbon derived from enteromorpha algae (N-EA), using a one-step pyrolysis process at only 600 °C to simultaneously achieve doping, carbonization and activation. After anchoring CoFe〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 on N-EA, CoFe〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉/N-EA, not only inherits the high surface area, porous structure, active nitrogen species from N-EA, but also benefits from the active sites and high theoretical specific capacity of Li storage from CoFe〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉. The synergistic effect makes CoFe〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉/N-EA an alternative catalyst to commercial Pt/C for ORR with superior activity and stability. Moreover, CoFe〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉/N-EA exhibits a remarkable cycle performance with a 100% capacity retention (∼900 mAh g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉) after 500 cycles at 0.5 A g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉. Green preparation, waste utilization, good ORR performance and Li storage property of CoFe〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉/N-EA could make it a promising candidate for fuel cells and LIBs.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Electrochimica Acta, Volume 295〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Pablo A. García-Salaberri, Iryna V. Zenyuk, Gisuk Hwang, Marcos Vera, Adam Z. Weber, Jeff T. Gostick〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Thin porous media are present in multiple electrochemical energy devices, where they provide key transport and structural functions. The prototypical example is gas diffusion layers (GDLs) in polymer-electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). While modeling has traditionally been used to explore PEFC operation, this is often accomplished using volume-averaged (VA) formulations, where the intrinsic inhomogeneities of the GDL are smoothed out and the lack of defining a representative elementary volume is an ever-present issue. In this work, the predictions of a single-phase VA PEFC model are compared to those of a pore-scale PEFC model using GDL tomograms as a part of the meshed domain to delineate important aspects that VA models cannot address. The results demonstrate that while VA models equipped with suitable effective properties can provide a good average estimate for overall performance, the lack of accounting for real structures limits their predictive power, especially for durability and degradation behavior where large deviations are found in the spatial distributions. Furthermore, interfacial effects between the GDL and the microporous layer are explored with the pore-scale model to understand the implications of the layered geometry. It is shown that the actual microstructure of the GDL/MPL transition region can significantly affect the fluxes across the sandwich, something that VA models cannot easily consider. Interfacial design is recognized as a key quality control parameter for large-scale MEA manufacturing and assembly.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0013468618320759-fx1.jpg" width="331" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 10 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Electrochimica Acta, Volume 296〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jinjun Tian, Yan Xue, Mengmeng Wang, Yuanchao Pei, Hucheng Zhang, Jianji Wang〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉High performances, cost-effectiveness, and facile preparation of electrode materials are of utmost importance for supercapacitors in practical applications. Herein, Ni(HCO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉)〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 nanoparticles (NPs) of low cost and environmental friendliness were embedded into polydopamine-reduced graphene oxide (PDA-RGO) networks via cost-effective hydrothermal route. It is shown the conducting PDA can uniformly distributes and robustly immobilizes Ni(HCO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉)〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 NPs in the nanocomposite while the ionic channels are improved for electrolyte access. Consequently, the as-prepared Ni(HCO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉)〈sub〉2〈/sub〉-PDA-RGO composite offers the high Faradaic capacity of 870 C g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 at 0.5 A g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 and moderate rate capability. Furthermore, the assembled Ni(HCO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉)〈sub〉2〈/sub〉-PDA-RGO//activated carbon hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) delivers a specific capacity of 192 C g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 at 0.5 A g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 within operation voltage window of 1.7 V. The maximum energy density of the HSC reaches to 45.3 Wh kg〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 at a power density of 425 W kg〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉, and the initial specific capacity maintains 90.5% after 3000 successive charge-discharge cycles. The high energy density and good cycleability certify the potential of the ternary Ni(HCO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉)〈sub〉2〈/sub〉-PDA-RGO composite in efficient and long lifetime energy storage systems.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Electrochimica Acta, Volume 295〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Libin Zeng, Xinyong Li, Shiying Fan, Zhifan Yin, Mingmei Zhang, Jincheng Mu, Meichun Qin, Tingting Lian, Moses Tadé, Shaomin Liu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Structure-controlled visible light driven photo-anode with high catalytic performance, plays important roles in environmental pollutants treatment. In this work, a mild hydrothermal assisted anodization approach has been reported to design an integrated self-assembled 3D flower-like MoS〈sub〉2〈/sub〉/1D TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 nanotube arrays (NTAs) hierarchical electrode. The constructed multidimensional electrode not only broadened the absorption spectrum response range but also promoted rapidly electron-hole pairs separation, exhibiting the excellent photoelectron catalytic (PEC) performance and stability in the degradation of target pollutants, which the photocurrent conversion efficiency was 6.5 times higher than that of pure TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉. Furtherly, a comprehensive mechanism was proposed to explain the charge transfer on the interface of intimate integration of 3D/1D hybrid nanostructure towards PEC properties in terms of the energy band structures and DFT. Furthermore, the photo-generated active species (〈img src="https://sdfestaticassets-eu-west-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/16/entities/rad"〉OH and 〈img src="https://sdfestaticassets-eu-west-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/16/entities/rad"〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉) have been proved by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and fluorescence probe over the composites. Thus, this work could provide an effective strategy to design multidimensional coupled heterojunction materials toward solar energy conversion for environmental purification.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0013468618323934-fx1.jpg" width="477" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Electrochimica Acta, Volume 295〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Valentín Briega-Martos, José Solla-Gullón, Marc T.M. Koper, Enrique Herrero, Juan M. Feliu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The formic acid oxidation reaction has been studied on Pt(111), Pt(100) and Pt nanoparticles with preferential (111) surface structure in 0.1 M HClO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 in the presence of different concentrations of acetonitrile. An electrocatalytic enhancement towards the formic acid oxidation has been observed under these conditions, and it is proposed that this enhancement is due to two different effects of the adsorbed acetonitrile species: a third-body effect which hinders the formation of CO and a promoting effect of the direct oxidation of formic acid. This promoting effect is structure sensitive. The different enhancement between Pt(111) and Pt(100) indicates that the ratio of free Pt sites and sites occupied by adsorbed acetonitrile is important in order to have the better electrocatalytic activity. On-line mass spectrometry (OLEMS) measurements confirmed the preference for the direct oxidation of formic acid to CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉, which is almost complete below 0.3 V vs. RHE for Pt(111). Finally, chronoamperometric studies confirmed the lower poisoning rate in the presence of acetonitrile but they also pointed out a competition of formed CO for the Pt sites occupied by acetonitrile species. This work constitutes an example of electrocatalytic enhancement by using an organic molecule for surface modification, which is not as common as using metallic adlayers.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Electrochimica Acta, Volume 295〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yu Li, Bo Lu, Bingkun Guo, Yicheng Song, Junqian Zhang〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Partial lithiation strategies for silicon composite electrodes are experimentally investigated in this article. Two types of partial lithiation, i.e. voltage- and capacity-control strategies, are presented. Capacity loss and irreversibility of silicon electrodes are significantly suppressed by either partial lithiation strategy without any complicated modifications or treatments. The capacity of partially lithiated silicon electrodes is even higher than that of fully lithiated one after certain cycles. The images of scanning electron microscope suggest that the mechanical damage generated in partially lithiated electrodes is less than that in fully lithiated one. Furthermore, after dozens of cycles with partial lithiation, capacity decay also slows down in subsequent full charge-discharge cycles. The presented experimental results suggest that the partial lithiation strategy relieves the coupled mechanical-electrochemical degradation and is a promising approach for the long-term use of silicon composite electrodes.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 10 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Electrochimica Acta, Volume 296〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yu Shi, Haiyan Leng, Liang Wei, Shuanglin Chen, Qian Li〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The structural characteristics and electrochemical performances of superlattice La〈sub〉5.42〈/sub〉Y〈sub〉18.50〈/sub〉Ni〈sub〉76.08-〈em〉x〈/em〉〈/sub〉Mn〈sub〉〈em〉x〈/em〉〈/sub〉 (〈em〉x〈/em〉 = 0, 2, 4, and 6) metal-hydride electrodes were investigated. La〈sub〉5.42〈/sub〉Y〈sub〉18.50〈/sub〉Ni〈sub〉76.08〈/sub〉 alloy is composed of LaY〈sub〉2〈/sub〉Ni〈sub〉9〈/sub〉, Y〈sub〉2〈/sub〉Ni〈sub〉7〈/sub〉, and La〈sub〉2〈/sub〉Ni〈sub〉7〈/sub〉 phases, while the amount of AB〈sub〉3〈/sub〉-type phase increases due to the increasing substitution amount of Ni by Mn. The mechanisms on the related electrochemical thermodynamics and kinetics were investigated systematically. Compared with La〈sub〉5.42〈/sub〉Y〈sub〉18.50〈/sub〉Ni〈sub〉76.08〈/sub〉 alloy, the maximum discharge capacity of La〈sub〉5.42〈/sub〉Y〈sub〉18.50〈/sub〉Ni〈sub〉70.08〈/sub〉Mn〈sub〉6〈/sub〉 alloy increased from 275.2 mAh g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 to 379.6 mAh g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 and the discharge capacity after 30 cycles increased from 155.0 mAh g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 to 281.1 mAh g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉, which contribute to the increase of the amount of AB〈sub〉3〈/sub〉-type phase as well as the ameliorated structural stability through the substitution of Mn for Ni.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0013468618324873-egi10F074DV8MS.jpg" width="500" alt="Image" title="Image"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 10 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Electrochimica Acta, Volume 296〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Na Zhao, Zhaokun Ma, Huaihe Song, Yangen Xie, Man Zhang〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Enhancing microbial electrocatalysis through novel anode design is essential to the efficient and stable operation of microbial fuel cells. Carbon fibers modified by the vertical carbon nanotubes/polypyrrole composites can give full play to their advantages, exhibiting excellent conductivity of the vertical carbon nanotubes and good biocompatibility of the polypyrrole. The carbon nanotubes are vertically grown on the carbon fibers by the chemical vapor deposition method, increasing the transfer efficiency of extracellular electron transfer. And then pyrrole is in-situ polymerized on the exterior and interior of the vertical carbon nanotubes, which can not only avoid direct contact between the vertical carbon nanotubes and electricigens to reduce the damage of the vertical carbon nanotubes to electricigens, but also enhance the positive electricity of anode. The modification of the vertical carbon nanotubes/polypyrrole for mesophase pitch carbon fibers anode improves the electricity generation performances of the microbial fuel cells. In this study, the obtained maximum power density is 1876.62 mW m〈sup〉−2〈/sup〉, which is approximately 2.63-fold higher than unmodified carbon fiber brush anode. The results show that the vertical carbon nanotubes/polypyrrole composite anode has demonstrated the high potential for the use of microbial fuel cells.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 10 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Electrochimica Acta, Volume 296〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ayman E. Elkholy, Fakiha El-Taib Heakal, Nageh K. Allam〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Electrochemical energy storage technologies such as batteries and supercapacitors have a great potential for use in many applications. However, to meet the increasing demand in both the energy and power densities of these devices, further research and development are essential to overcome major obstacles such as cost and durability, which are hindering their commercialization. Herein, we report on the successful deposition of amorphous Mn-Co-Fe ternary hydroxide nanoplatelets directly on Ni foam without the need for any binders. The material was fully characterized using EDS, XRD, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, XPS and FE-SEM techniques. Upon their use as supercapacitor electrodes, the deposited amorphous mixed hydroxide nanoplatelets demonstrated a maximum specific capacitance of 1200 F/g at a scan rate of 5 mV/s. The asymmetric supercapacitor device showed an energy density of 11.4 Wh/kg with a corresponding power density of 1125 W/kg at a charging current density of 1.5 A/g as calculated from the galvanostatic charging/discharging (GCD) measurements. The cyclic stability of the assembled device was scrutinized via GCD test for 4000 cycles while measuring its electrochemical impedance spectra before and after cycling. The decay in the supercapacitive performance was found to be as low as ∼4% after 4000 GCD cycles, indicating an excellent long-term stability, with the equivalent series resistance (ESR) remained almost constant during those cycles.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0013468618325106-fx1.jpg" width="477" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 10 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Electrochimica Acta, Volume 296〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Takashi Tsuda, Nobuo Ando, Susumu Nakamura, Yuuta Ishihara, Narumi Hayashi, Naohiko Soma, Takao Gunji, Toyokazu Tanabe, Takeo Ohsaka, Futoshi Matsumoto〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Holing of lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉, LFP) cathodes with a pico-second pulsed laser, in which the average hole diameter and hole opening rate were 20–30 μm and 1–2%, respectively, enabled to retain the high-rate discharging performance even in the LFP cathodes composed of the having the LFP layer with the thickness of over 40 μm on an aluminum current collector. The conventional and flat LFP cathode exhibited the degradation of discharge retention at the high-rate discharge because of the low utilization of LFP materials in the case of the thick cathode layer. On the other hand, in the case of “through-holed” and “non-through-holed” LFP cathodes, there can be a more efficient insertion/de-insertion of Li〈sup〉+〈/sup〉 ions to/from the LFP materials through the holes formed in the LFP layer, resulting in retaining the high-rate charging/discharging performance even in thick LFP cathodes. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis confirmed that the formation of through-holes in the thick LFP layer is significantly effective to improve the high-rate discharging performance as a result of the decreased charge-transfer resistance of the LFP discharge process. The decrease in the charge-transfer resistance results from the increase in the area available in the LFP discharge process because the sidewalls of the holes can also take part in the Li〈sup〉+〈/sup〉 ion transfer during the discharge process.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0013468618324861-fx1.jpg" width="388" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Electrochimica Acta, Volume 295〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Haipeng Li, Liancheng Sun, Yan Zhao, Taizhe Tan, Yongguang Zhang〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries represent one of the most promising battery techniques in 21st century. However, the practical implementation of Li-S batteries is impeded by several intractable obstacles including the poor conductivity of sulfur, shuttling behaviour of polysulfides intermediates, and large volume change during sulfur lithiation. Thus, the rational design and morphological control of sulfur cathode paves the way to Li-S batteries practicalizations. Herein, we develop a blackberry-like hollow graphene sphere through spray drying method as a promising sulfur host for Li-S batteries. Attributed to the uniform sulfur distribution, fast reaction kinetics, and excellent sulfur immobilization, the S-HGS composite electrode achieves a highly reversible capacity of 780 mAh g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉, a great rate capability as well as cyclability without adding additives.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 217〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Pavla Sehonova, Andrea Zikova, Jana Blahova, Zdenka Svobodova, Petr Chloupek, Werner Kloas〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈p〉Now-a-days, the occurrence of antidepressant residues in surface waters has become a major concern. Amitriptyline (AMI) has been described to treat depression and other disorders for decades. However, little is known about its effect on non-target organisms. The aim of this study was to assess the potential impact of AMI on the mRNA expression of antioxidant and detoxification enzymes during the early embryonic development of zebrafish (〈em〉Danio rerio〈/em〉)〈em〉.〈/em〉 Fertilized 〈em〉D. rerio〈/em〉 embryos were exposed to AMI at concentrations of 300 ng/L and 30 μg/L and sampled 24, 48, 96, and 144 h post fertilization (hpf) to assess the mRNA expressions of cytochrome P450 1A1, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase.〈/p〉 〈p〉The time courses of the mRNA expressions of antioxidant and detoxification enzymes revealed characteristic changes during embryonic development causing generally transient changes post hatching; however, AMI did not cause any significant impact except in the case of CAT after 144 h, which was significantly upregulated by the AMI concentration of 30 μg/L. The results suggest that the antidepressant AMI causes only moderate to minor impacts on antioxidant and detoxification enzymes during early embryonic development of the non-target organism 〈em〉D. rerio〈/em〉 and that CAT is the only biomarker affected by AMI.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 217〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Zhishu Liang, Guiying Li, Bixian Mai, Huimin Ma, Taicheng An〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA), a typical brominated flame retardant, leaked from commercial products into the environments has attracted people's attention around the world. 〈em〉Ochrobactrum〈/em〉 sp. T capable of degradation and mineralization of TBBPA was isolated in our early work. In this study, the identification of TBBPA-degrading gene from the strain was further carried out by combining whole-genome sequencing with gene cloning and expression procedures. In total, 3877 open reading frames were found within 3.9 Mb genome and seven of them were identified as dehalogenating-relating genes. One gene with a significant ability to degrade TBBPA was designated as 〈em〉tbbpaA〈/em〉. Sequence alignments analysis showed that it shared 100% identity with haloacid dehalogenases. Furthermore, 〈em〉tbbpaA〈/em〉 gene was cloned and expressed into 〈em〉E. coli〈/em〉 to achieve a constructed strain. Like the original strain, the constructed strain could degrade TBBPA (6 mg L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉) with 78% of debromination efficiency and 37.8% mineralization efficiency within 96 h. Gene expression study revealed that 〈em〉tbbpaA〈/em〉 was up-regulated in the presence of TBBPA. Overall, we report the identification of a functional TBBPA-degrading gene in an aerobe, which can deepen the knowledge of enhancing TBBPA removal by Strain T at the genetic level and facilitate in situ TBBPA bioremediation.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0045653518321015-fx1.jpg" width="266" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 217〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Hua Li, Shuai Zhang, Xiao-Li Yang, Yu-Li Yang, Han Xu, Xian-Ning Li, Hai-Liang Song〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This study aims to demonstrate that an up-flow microbial fuel cell-coupled constructed wetland (UCW-MFC) can effectively treat synthetic wastewater that contains a high concentration of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs, 10 mg L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 level), such as ibuprofen (IBP) and bisphenol A (BPA). A significant decline in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH〈sub〉4〈/sub〉〈sup〉+〈/sup〉-N) removal was observed when BPA was added, which indicated that BPA was more toxic to bacteria. The closed circuit operation of UCW-MFC performed better than the open circuit mode for COD and NH〈sub〉4〈/sub〉〈sup〉+〈/sup〉-N removal. Similarly, the removal rates of IBP and BPA were increased by 9.3% and 18%, respectively, compared with the open circuit mode. The majority of PPCPs were removed from the bottom and anode layer, which accounted for 63.2–78.7% of the total removal. The main degradation products were identified. The removal rates of IBP and BPA decreased by 14.6% and 23.7% due to a reduction in the hydraulic detention times (HRTs) from 16 h to 4 h, respectively. Electricity generation performance, including voltage and maximum power density, initially increased and then declined with a decrease in the HRT. Additionally, both the current circuit operation mode and the HRT have an impact on the bacterial community diversity of the anode according to the results of high-throughput sequencing. The possible bacterial groups involved in PPCP degradation were identified. In summary, UCW-MFC is suitable for enabling the simultaneous removal of IBP and BPA and successful electricity production.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0045653518321192-fx1.jpg" width="359" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 217〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Vladimír Frišták, Haywood Dail Laughinghouse, Alena Packová, Marion Graser, Gerhard Soja〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Methylated analogues of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) represent important environmental contaminants produced often at process of feedstock thermochemical conversion. In the present study, we determined and compared levels of 1-methylnaphtalene and 2-methylnaphtalene in municipal sewage sludge (MSS), sludge-derived pyrogenic carbonaceous materials produced at 350 °C (PCM350) and 500 °C (PCM500) in process of slow pyrolysis. The highest extraction efficiency of both aromatic structures from MSS, PCM350 and PCM500 for toluene as extraction agent and 36 h of extraction time was revealed. The total concentrations of 1-methylnaphtalene reached values 8.7 mg/kg for MSS, 14.6 mg/kg for PCM350 and 18.1 mg/kg for PCM500.2-methylnaphtalene was quantified in concentrations 12.5 mg/kg for MSS, 19.3 mg/kg for PCM350 and 23 mg/kg for PCM500. Available levels of 1-methylnaphtalene and 2-methylnaphtalene determined by Tenax resin desorption test during 36 days showed decreasing trend in order PCM500 〉 PCM350 〉 MSS. In summary, pyrolysis treatment of sewage sludge can increase total amount of methylated PAHs in produced carbonaceous materials but decrease their available forms. This fact can contribute to global ecotoxicological assessment of organic pollutants in biochars and pyrogenic carbonaceous materials applied in agronomy as soil amendments.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0045653518321271-fx1.jpg" width="266" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 217〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Chao Zhang, Di Tian, XiaoHui Yi, Tao Zhang, Jujun Ruan, Renren Wu, Chen Chen, Mingzhi Huang, GuangGuo Ying〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Occurrence and distribution of five neonicotinoids (NEOs) in surface water and sediment were studied in the Pearl Rivers, including three trunk streams, Dongjiang, Beijiang, Xijiang River (DR, BR and XR), South China. At least one neonicotinoid was detected in surface water and sediment of the Pearl Rivers, with imidacloprid (IMI) and thiamethoxam (THM) being the frequently detected NEOs. Total amount of NEOs (∑〈sub〉5〈/sub〉neonics) in surface water and sediment ranged from 24.0 to 322 ng/L, and from 0.11 to 11.6 ng/g dw, respectively. Moreover, the order of contamination level of NEOs in the Pearl Rivers was as follows: XR 〉 DR 〉 BR for surface water, and BR 〉 DR 〉 XR for sediment. Local agricultural activities and effluents of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) could be major sources of NEOs in the Pearl Rivers. Solubilization and dilution of NEOs between surface water and sediment during different seasons (spring and summer) could be attributed to rainfall intensities or climate of the Pearl River Delta. An ecological risk assessment of the exposure to current environmental concentration of imidacloprid and ∑〈sub〉5〈/sub〉NEOs suggests a threat to sensitive non-target invertebrates, including aquatic invertebrates. Results would provide a better understanding of NEOs contamination in the Pearl Rivers, as well as being a reliable dataset for decision-making in contamination control and environmental protection.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0045653518321210-fx1.jpg" width="266" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 217〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Philip A.M. Bachand, Tamara E.C. Kraus, Elizabeth B. Stumpner, Sandra M. Bachand, Dylan Stern, Yan Ling Liang, William R. Horwath〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Mercury (Hg) pollution is a concern to human and wildlife health worldwide, and management strategies that reduce Hg inputs to aquatic systems are of broad interest. Using a replicated field-scale study in California's Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, we tested the effectiveness of chemically enhanced treatment wetlands (CETWs) under two coagulation treatments, polyaluminum chloride (Al treatment) and ferric sulfate (Fe treatment), in their initial removal and longer-term sequestration of Hg compared to untreated control wetlands. The primary mechanism for Hg removal by CETWs was the transfer of Hg from filtered forms to insoluble particulate forms and enhanced settling of particles. CETWs resulted in total Hg annual load removals of 63 ng m〈sup〉−2〈/sup〉 yr〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 (71%) and 54 ng m〈sup〉−2〈/sup〉 yr〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 (54%) for the Al and Fe treatments, respectively. Control wetlands removed significantly less at 13 ng m〈sup〉−2〈/sup〉 yr〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 (14%). Load removals indicate that Fe treatment wetlands more effectively reduced filtered and total methylmercury (MeHg) exports, while Al treatment wetlands more effectively reduced particulate MeHg and total Hg exports. These differences in Hg species load reductions possibly indicate different mechanisms of Hg sequestration; current data suggest more effective floc formation and particle settling was likely responsible for the Al treatment behavior, while either preferential MeHg sequestration or methylation suppression was potentially responsible for Fe treatment behavior. Differences in Hg sequestration behavior post-coagulation between the flocs formed by different coagulants indicate the importance of in-situ studies and the need for careful selection of coagulant treatment depending on the Hg species requiring remediation.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 217〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Rosa Pérez, Trinidad Suelves, Yolanda Molina, Francisca Corpas-Burgos, Vicent Yusà, on behalf of the BIOVAL task force〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this study, we assessed total mercury levels in hair specimens of 661 children, aged 6 to 11, participating in the BIOVAL programme, a human biomonitoring study carried out by the Health Department of the Regional Government of Valencia (Spain). The reference value (95th percentile) determined for this population, within this programme, was 3.25 μg g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉. Hg concentrations ranged between 0.03 μg g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 and 8.71 μg g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉, with a geometric mean of 0.79 (CI 95%: 0.73–0.85) μg g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉. This mean value was five times higher than the average levels found in children of 17 other European countries (0.145 μg g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉). About 13% of children had hair mercury levels above the FAO/WHO JECFA guideline of 2.3 μg g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 and 18% of children had levels above the EFSA health-based guidance value of 1.9 μg. Multiple regression analysis revealed that fish consumption, mother's country of birth (Spain or abroad) and the employment situation of parents were the main predictors of mercury in hair.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0045653518321143-fx1.jpg" width="301" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 10 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Electrochimica Acta, Volume 296〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jie Ni, Liming Jin, Mingzhe Xue, Junsheng Zheng, Jim P. Zheng, Cunman Zhang〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Mesoporous hollow TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 microboxes synthesized by a two-step solvothermal method via CaTiO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 intermediate were applied as host materials for sulfur cathodes of lithium-sulfur batteries. 3TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉/7S composite containing 70 wt% sulfur exhibited the best electrochemical performance among all composites. A high discharge capacity of 924.8 mAh g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 was achieved for the 1st cycle and 67.4% of it could be retained after 200 cycles at 0.2 C. Even at a higher C-rate of 1 C, more than 600 mAh g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 of discharge capacity could be delivered after 500 cycles. The efficient polysulfide adsorption of TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 microboxes demonstrated by visualized adsorption test and UV–vis measurement as well as the mesoporous hollow feature was responsible for the large discharge capacity, excellent capacity retention and decent rate capability.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0013468618325027-fx1.jpg" width="125" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Electrochimica Acta, Volume 295〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Xu Ma, Yi-An Chen, Kefu Zhou, Po-Chang Wu, Chia-Hung Hou〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this work, we report the use of pseudocapacitive RuO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 in a porous carbon-based substrate as a composite electrode for high-performance capacitive deionization (CDI). RuO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 was electrodeposited onto inexpensive activated carbon (AC) via cyclic voltammetry to optimize the composite electrode (denoted as RuO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉(20)-AC) fabrication. The electrochemical measurements indicate that the composite electrode with a specific surface area of 576 m〈sup〉2〈/sup〉/g and hydrophilicity yields an improved specific capacitance and good cycling stability. The notably enhanced performance is attributed to the presence of RuO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉, which allows rapid Faradaic charge-transfer reactions as well as pseudocapacitive charge storage. These results confirm that incorporating RuO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 onto an AC electrode effectively reduces the electrical resistance and enhances the charge efficiency. Furthermore, batch-mode CDI experiments were conducted at 1.2 V in a 5 mM NaCl solution. As evidenced, the RuO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉(20)-AC composite has a promising salt adsorption capacity of 11.26 mg/g, which is 3.7-fold higher than that of pristine AC. Therefore, using the RuO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉(20)-AC composite as the cathode, an enhanced desalination performance can be achieved through a mixed capacitive-Faradaic process, resulting from two removal mechanisms of capacitive electrosorption and pseudocapacitive redox reactions. This work provides an efficient strategy to utilize RuO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 on porous carbon-based substrates to improve CDI performance.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 10 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Electrochimica Acta, Volume 296〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Zesheng Li, Ling Zhang, Xi Chen, Bolin Li, Hongqiang Wang, Qingyu Li〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Newly three-dimensional (3-D) graphene-like carbon nanosheet network is synthesized by a simple and efficient buried-protection KOH activation technology with a surfactant (Tween-20) as carbon source (molecular precursor). The as-synthesized material possesses favorable three-dimensional network structure and hierarchical porous structure (with a specific surface area of 2017.3 m〈sup〉2〈/sup〉 g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉). As a promising supercapacitor electrode, a relatively high specific capacitance of 316.8 F g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 at a current density of 1 A g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 in 1 mol L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 KOH aqueous solution, along with good cycling stability (with a 92.5% retention rate after 2000 cycles) are demonstrated for the as-prepared electrode. The 3-D graphene-like carbon nanosheet network material exhibits ideal capacitive behavior indicating a promising electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0013468618324666-egi10K5SW95X08.jpg" width="465" alt="Image" title="Image"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Electrochimica Acta, Volume 295〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Haifeng Yu, Lei Xu, Haiyan Wang, Hao Jiang, Chunzhong Li〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Searching for high-performance electrode materials with rapid charge/discharge and high cycling stability is pivotal to broaden the applications of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, we report a simple nanochannel-confined synthesis technology of ultrafine Nb〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉5〈/sub〉 (〈10 nm) nanoparticles encapsulated into carbon nanotubes (CNTs) hybrids for LIBs electrode materials. The three crystal forms of Nb〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉5〈/sub〉 can be respectively obtained simply by changing the temperature of thermal treatment. The ultrafine Nb〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉5〈/sub〉 nanoparticles dominated by the inner diameter of CNTs expose very high lithiation active sites. The fascinating nanostructure can also possess high structural stability with rapid electron transfer rate. Consequently, the orthorhombic Nb〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉5〈/sub〉/CNTs hybrids show a maximum specific capacity of 207 mAh g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 at 0.1 A g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉, which can be maintained 170 mAh g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 after 1000 cycles. More importantly, a specific capacity of 108 mAh g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 can still be achieved even at 10 A g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉, much higher than CNTs surface loaded Nb〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉5〈/sub〉 nanoparticles hybrids. This work provides a channel-space confined synthesis insight for constructing novel electrode materials for high-rate and long-life LIBs.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0013468618324897-fx1.jpg" width="275" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Electrochimica Acta, Volume 295〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Sandra Pluczyk, Heather Higginbotham, Przemyslaw Data, Youhei Takeda, Satoshi Minakata〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Exploration of optoelectronic properties of novel phosphorus-embedded π-conjugated compounds would provide us with fundamental information about the design of hitherto unknown electroactive organic materials. Herein, detailed photophysical and electrochemical profiles of a series of benzene-cored diketophosphanyl compounds were investigated with steady and time-resolved spectroscopic and spectroelectrochemical techniques. The comparative studies revealed the impact of phosphorus and nitrogen atoms on their triplet energies and on the behaviour of electrochemical processes to form radical species.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S001346861832396X-fx1.jpg" width="336" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 217〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Prashant Kumar Mishra, Pramod Kumar Rai〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉An aero-gel based solid solution of titanium and cerium oxide nanoparticles have been used for the first time for ultra fast and trace level removal of arsenic from water. The interconnected long range ordered mesoporous structure was observed from TEM analysis which has been verified as an essential facet for the fast removal of arsenic in this study. The HR-XRD spectra indicated the face centred cubic structure with 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si1.gif" overflow="scroll"〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="bold-italic"〉Fm〈/mi〉〈mrow〉〈mover accent="true"〉〈mn〉3〈/mn〉〈mo〉¯〈/mo〉〈/mover〉〈/mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="bold-italic"〉m〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉 space group. Le-Bail refinement and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the formation of single phase solid solution of Ce〈sub〉1-X〈/sub〉Ti〈sub〉x〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2-Y〈/sub〉 oxide nanoparticles. The HR-XPS and FT-IR study indicated the surface complexation and partial oxidation of As(III) to As(V) via electron transfer mechanism by reduction of Ce(IV) to Ce(III) and Ti(IV) to Ti(III) simultaneously during adsorption process. The kinetics study demonstrated 99% removal of As(III) within 10 min of initiating the adsorption process. The effect of pH and interfering ions confirmed the wide range of applicability for solid solution of titania and cerium oxide nanoparticles over the different environmental conditions for the removal of arsenic. The adsorption capacity for our best adsorbent (Ce〈sub〉0.8〈/sub〉Ti〈sub〉0.2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2-y〈/sub〉) was found to be 2 × 10〈sup〉5〈/sup〉 mg kg〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 while the lowest concentration of water body system was 7 μg L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 which is the minimum concentration of arsenic achieved by any metal oxide based adsorbent.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0045653518321003-fx1.jpg" width="266" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 216〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Le Qian, Suzhen Qi, Fangjie Cao, Jie Zhang, Changping Li, Min Song, Chengju Wang〈/p〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 217〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Qingwei Guo, Ningning Li, Sili Chen, Yao Chen, Shuguang Xie〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈em〉Archaea〈/em〉 play an important role in the biogeochemical cycling of elements in the environment. Heavy metals are ubiquitous pollutants in the environment. Previous studies have revealed a considerable influence of metal pollution on the archaeal community, but the short-term response of the archaeal community to metal pollution remains unclear. Hence, the present study investigated the short versus long-term responses of overall archaeal communities in freshwater sediments after exposure to accidental metal pollution caused by the discharge of heavy metal-containing wastewater from an indium-producing factory. Quantitative PCR was used to determine the archaeal abundance, while Illumina MiSeq sequencing was applied to characterize the diversity and structure of the archaeal community. The abundance (2.47 × 10〈sup〉5〈/sup〉–1.55 × 10〈sup〉8〈/sup〉 archaeal 16S rRNA gene copies per gram dry sediment), diversity (Shannon diversity index = 2.49–4.45) and structure of overall archaeal community illustrated a drastic temporal change. The archaeal communities mainly comprised the phyla 〈em〉Euryarchaeota〈/em〉, 〈em〉Thaumarchaeota〈/em〉 and 〈em〉Bathyarchaeota〈/em〉. The exposure to metal pollution induced an increase in the proportion of 〈em〉Euryarchaeota〈/em〉 but lowered the proportion of 〈em〉Thaumarchaeota〈/em〉. The accidental metal pollution exerted a profound impact on the archaeal community in freshwater sediment. This study could contribute our understanding of the short versus long-term response of archaeal communities to metal pollution.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 217〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Patricia Elizabeth García, Claudia Queimaliños, María C. Diéguez〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In aquatic environments the reactive oxygen species hydrogen peroxide (H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉) is produced through photochemical reactions involving chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM). Andean Patagonian freshwaters experience challenging underwater UV levels, which promote high levels of photochemical weathering. In this investigation, we study natural H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 levels and experimentally address the photochemical formation of H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 in stream and lake water with a range of dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentrations and quality. The screening of different pristine aquatic systems of Patagonia revealed that H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 concentration fluctuates between 8 and 60 nM. Laboratory incubation of different water types in PAR + UV showed photo-production of H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉. The H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 formation rate increased linearly with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in streams (13.5–20.5 nM h〈sup〉-1〈/sup〉) and shallow lakes (25.7–37.8 nM h〈sup〉-1〈/sup〉). In contrast, the H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 formation rate in deep lakes was much lower (2.1–7.1 nM h〈sup〉-1〈/sup〉), and decreased with DOC. The natural potential for H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 formation was related to the concentration and quality of the DOM pool. At higher DOC levels, such as those present in shallow lakes, H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 production was directly related to DOC, whereas at low DOC levels in deep lakes and streams, two patterns were distinguished in relation to their DOM pool quality. Stream DOM, composed of high molecular weight/size humic compounds, proved to be a reactive substrate, as reflected by their high H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 formation rates. On the other hand, deep lake DOM, with its higher relative contribution of small and more processed compounds, was found to be a less reactive substrate, affording lower H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 formation rates.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 217〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Bei-xing Li, Yang Liu, Peng Zhang, Xiao-xu Li, Xiu-yu Pang, Yun-he Zhao, Hua Li, Feng Liu, Jin Lin, Wei Mu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this study, the bioactivities of binary mixtures of organosilicone surfactants and indoxacarb against two Lepidopteran pests were investigated along with their environmental risks. All of the tested organosilicone surfactants had obvious synergistic effects on the contact toxicity of indoxacarb against 〈em〉Spodoptera exigua〈/em〉 and 〈em〉Agrotis ipsilon〈/em〉. However, all of the organosilicone surfactants exhibited certain antagonism for indoxacarb against 〈em〉S. exigua〈/em〉 in terms of stomach & contact toxicity; both Silwet-408 and Silwet-806 exhibited additivity against 〈em〉A. ipsilon〈/em〉, whereas Silwet-618 and Silwet-DRS-60 exhibited synergism and slight antagonism, respectively. All of the tested chemicals were highly toxic to 〈em〉Daphnia magna〈/em〉, among which Silwet-DRS-60 had the lowest acute toxicity (EC〈sub〉50〈/sub〉 of 94.91 μg/L). However, these chemicals were less toxic to 〈em〉Brachydanio rerio〈/em〉. Silwet-DRS-60 had a low toxicity to 〈em〉B. rerio〈/em〉, while Silwet-408, Silwet-806 and Silwet-618 were moderately toxic to 〈em〉B. rerio〈/em〉. For the joint toxicity evaluation of organosilicone surfactants and indoxacarb to 〈em〉D. magna〈/em〉 and 〈em〉B. rerio〈/em〉, the additive index method, concentration addition method and toxicity unit method were robust in judging synergism or antagonism, whereas other methods were more conservative; the V-value method and equilibrium curve method exhibited high robustness and viability in evaluating the combined effects of binary mixtures. Overall, we should carefully select organosilicone surfactants for premixed or tank-mixed pesticides in agriculture to obtain a balance between synergistic effects on pests and environmental risks.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0045653518321684-egi109GN3J5WZB.jpg" width="500" alt="Image" title="Image"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 216〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Daniel J. Caldwell, Vincent D'Aco, Todd Davidson, Kelly Kappler, Richard J. Murray-Smith, Stewart F. Owen, Paul F. Robinson, Brigitte Simon-Hettich, Jürg Oliver Straub, Joan Tell〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract:〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Metformin (MET), CAS 1115–70–4 (Metformin hydrochloride), is an antidiabetic drug with high usage in North America and Europe and has become the subject of regulatory interest. A pharmaceutical industry working group investigated environmental risks of MET. Environmental fate and chronic effects data were collated across the industry for the present risk assessment. Predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) for MET were modeled for the USA and Europe using the P〈em〉h〈/em〉ATE and GREAT-ER models, respectively. PECs were compared with measured environmental concentrations (MECs) for the USA and Europe. A predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) of 1 mg/L for MET was derived by deterministic procedures, applying an assessment factor of 10 to the lowest no observed effect concentration (i.e., 10 mg/L) from multiple chronic studies with algae, daphnids and fish. The PEC/PNEC and MEC/PNEC risk characterization ratios were 〈1, indicating no significant risk for MET with high Margins of Safety (MOS) of 〉868. MET is known to degrade during wastewater treatment to guanylurea (GUU, CAS 141–83–3), which we have shown to further degrade. There are no GUU toxicity data in the literature; hence, chronic studies for GUU were conducted to derive a PNEC of 0.16 mg/L. PECs were derived for GUU as for MET, plus MECs were retrieved from the literature. The PEC/PNEC and MEC/PNEC risk characterization ratios for GUU were also 〈1, with an MOS of 〉6.5. Based on standard risk assessment procedures for both MET and its transformation product GUU, there is no significant risk to aquatic life.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 217〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Khadeeja Rehman, Asma Imran, Imran Amin, Muhammad Afzal〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Plants and bacteria individually as well as in synergism with each other hold a great potential to degrade a wide range of environmental pollutants. Floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) is an efficient and low-cost technology that uses the synergistic interaction between plant roots and microbes for 〈em〉in situ〈/em〉 remediation of wastewater. The present study aims to assess the feasibility of FTW-based remediation of oil field-produced wastewater using an interaction between two plant species, 〈em〉Typha domingensis〈/em〉 and 〈em〉Leptochloa fusca〈/em〉, in partnership with a consortium of crude oil-degrading bacterial species, 〈em〉Bacillus subtilis〈/em〉 LORI66, 〈em〉Klebsiella〈/em〉 sp. LCRI87, 〈em〉Acinetobacter Junii〈/em〉 TYRH47, and 〈em〉Acinetobacter〈/em〉 sp. BRSI56. All the treatments reduced contaminant levels, but 〈em〉T. domingensis,〈/em〉 in combination with bacterial inoculation, exhibited the highest reduction in hydrocarbon (95%), COD (90%), and BOD content (93%) as compared to 〈em〉L. fusca〈/em〉. This combination maximally promoted increases in fresh biomass (31%), dry biomass (52%), and length (25%) of plants as well. This effect was further signified by the persistence of bacteria (40%) and considerable abundance (27%) and expression (28.5%) of the 〈em〉alkB〈/em〉 gene in the rhizoplane of 〈em〉T. domingensis〈/em〉 in comparison to that of 〈em〉L. fusca〈/em〉. The study, therefore, suggests that 〈em〉T. domingensis〈/em〉, in combination with bacterial consortium, has significant potential for treatment of oil field-produced water and can be exploited on large scale in FTWs.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 216〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jürg Oliver Straub, Daniel J. Caldwell, Todd Davidson, Vincent D'Aco, Kelly Kappler, Paul F. Robinson, Brigitte Simon-Hettich, Joan Tell〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Metformin (MET) is a pharmaceutical with very high use worldwide that is excreted in unchanged form, leading to concern about potential aquatic life impacts associated with MET, and its primary transformation product guanylurea (GUU). This study presents, in two companion papers, a risk assessment following internationally accepted guidelines of MET and GUU in surface water based on literature data, previously unpublished studies, and a new degradation test that resolves conflicting earlier results. Previous studies have shown that MET is removed during sewage treatment, primarily through transformation to GUU. In addition, measurements in WWTPs suggest that MET is not only transformed to GUU, but that GUU is further biodegraded. A prolonged inherent biodegradation test strongly suggests not only primary transformation of MET to GUU, but also subsequent full mineralization of GUU, with both degradation phases starting after a clear lag phase. MET may partition from surface water to sediment, where both transformation to GUU and in part mineralization is possible, depending on the presence of competent degrading microorganisms. In addition, MET may form non-extractable residues in sediments (12.8–73.5%). Both MET and GUU may be anaerobically degraded during sludge digestion, in soils or in sediments. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) values in crops and most plants are close to 1 suggesting low bioaccumulation potential, moreover, at least some plants can metabolize MET to GUU; however, in aquatic plants higher BCFs were found, up to 53. Similarly, neither MET nor GUU are expected to bioaccumulate in fish based on estimated values of BCFs ≤3.16.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 217〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Pearl U. Ofoegbu, Joana Lourenço, Sónia Mendo, Amadeu M.V.M. Soares, Joāo L.T. Pestana〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉There is increasing knowledge about the presence of psychiatric pharmaceutical substances in the aquatic environment due to increasing number of ecotoxicological studies with sensitive species in addition to improved methods of analysis. Here, we assessed the effects of two psychiatric substances carbamazepine and fluoxetine in the planarian 〈em〉Schmidtea mediterranea〈/em〉 using endpoints such as survival, behaviour (feeding, locomotion), DNA damage and regeneration. Also, planarian asexual reproduction by fissioning was used to assess the reproductive effects of these compounds. Whereas for survival, no effect was observed for carbamazepine exposure, fluoxetine exposure was toxic to planarians with an LC〈sub〉50〈/sub〉 of 357.93 and 160.01 μg L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 at 48 and 96 h, respectively. Time for head regeneration in decapitated planarians was not affected by either fluoxetine or carbamazepine exposures. Fluoxetine was more toxic than carbamazepine and caused concentration dependent increase in locomotor activity and DNA damage (LOEC's of 0.1-1.0 μg L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉), and decrease in feeding and fissioning. Despite some alteration on planarian locomotion observed under exposure to intermediate concentrations, no significant effects were observed in the other endpoints in response to carbamazepine. The observations in the present study showed that freshwater planarians such as 〈em〉Schmidtea mediterranea〈/em〉, animal models in neuropharmacology, are sensitive to low concentrations of psychiatric drugs, displaying an array of sensitive sub-lethal endpoints that can be used for the ecological risk assessment of psychiatric substances. Future studies to determine effects of these psychiatric drugs on the levels of neurotransmitters and other biochemical biomarkers in planarians are recommended.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 217〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Crislaine Maria Carvalho da Cruz Brambilla, Ana Leticia Hilario Garcia, Fernanda Rabaioli da Silva, Silvio Roberto Taffarel, Ivana Grivicich, Jaqueline Nascimento Picada, Amanda Scotti, Daiana Dalberto, Miroslav Mišík, Siegfried Knasmüller, Juliana da Silva〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Acid Black 10B (AB10B) is widely used for the production of textiles, leather and prints. It is a representative of azo dyes and it is well documented that some of these compounds are mutagenic 〈em〉per se〈/em〉, and that cleavage products (in particular aromatic amines) may cause damage of the genetic material and cancer. Since no toxicological data on AB10B have been published, we evaluated its mutagenic activity in Salmonella/microsome assays and studied its acute toxic and genotoxic properties in a human derived liver cell line (HepG2) which retained the activities of drug metabolizing enzymes. The compound did not cause cytotoxicity (MTT assay), but clear genotoxic effects were detected in pro- and eukaryotic indicator cells. Dose dependent induction of his〈sup〉+〈/sup〉 revertants was seen in strain TA98 which detects frameshift mutations without metabolic activation; a more pronounced effect was seen in its derivative YG1024 which overexpresses N-acetyltransferase. Induction of single/double strand breaks by Comet assay was detected with concentrations 〉 0.125 mg/mL in liver derived cells; as well as increased rates for micronucleus (reflecting structural and numeric chromosomal aberrations) and nuclear buds which are a consequence of gene amplifications were seen with a higher dose (2.0 mg/mL) (p 〈 0.05; Tukey's test). The mutational pattern which was observed in the bacterial tests indicates that the cleavage product 〈em〉p〈/em〉-nitroaniline may cause the genotoxic effects of the dye. Our findings indicate that exposure of humans and the release of the compound into the environment may lead to adverse effects due to its DNA damaging activity.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 217〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Antoine Gosset, Claude Durrieu, Pauline Barbe, Christine Bazin, Rémy Bayard〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Urban wet weather discharge (UWWD) management is an important issue. UWWD often represents a significant source of pollution in all aquatic bodies. The occurrence of this pollution is difficult to predict due to the variability of storm events and the unknown contents of urban watershed leached out by rain. Previous studies have tried to demonstrate the ecotoxic impact of UWWD. However, most of them merely highlight the limitations of classic monospecific bioassays, given the high dilution of micropollutants or the presence of nutrients masking toxic effects. Overcoming this problem is therefore of great interest. In this study, we demonstrated the utility of a battery of biomarkers (e.g. membrane permeability, chlorophyll fluorescence, esterase and alkaline phosphatase activities) on the microalgae 〈em〉Chlorella vulgaris〈/em〉 to detect the toxic effects of 7 UWWD samples after short exposures (2 and 24 h). These biomarkers are linked to microalgal life traits. Complementarily, monospecific bioassays were carried on 〈em〉Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata〈/em〉, 〈em〉Chlorella vulgaris〈/em〉, 〈em〉Daphnia magna〈/em〉 and 〈em〉Heterocypris incongruens〈/em〉 to compare their sensitivity to the UWWD samples. No toxic effect was detected in any of the bioassays. Yet, algal biomarkers indicated a disturbance in microalgae physiology, and particularly a perturbation of chlorophyll fluorescence, which was observed in all of the samples tested. While algal membrane permeability was affected by only one UWWD, these two enzymatic activities were stimulated or inhibited depending on the sample. Finally, this study demonstrates the sensitivity of algal biomarkers and the need to develop new, fruitful approaches to characterizing UWWD toxicity.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0045653518321301-egi10F93L2RXLF.jpg" width="399" alt="Image" title="Image"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 217〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jun Zhou, Lili Tang, Jia-Sheng Wang〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The adverse impacts of AFB〈sub〉1〈/sub〉 on gut-microbiota dependent metabolism in F344 rats were assessed via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-profiling and UHPLC-mass spectrometry (MS) metabolomic analyses. UHPLC-profiling analysis found 1100 raw peaks from the fecal samples collected at week 4, of which 335 peaks showed peak shape qualified for quantitation. A total of 24, 40 and 71 peaks were significantly decreased (〉2-fold, 〈em〉p〈/em〉 〈 0.05) among the exposure groups treated with 5, 25, and 75 μg AFB〈sub〉1〈/sub〉 kg〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 body weight (B. W.), respectively. Supervised orthogonal partial least squares projection to latent structures-discriminant analysis revealed 11 differential peaks that may be used to predict AFB〈sub〉1〈/sub〉-induced adverse changes of the metabolites. UHPLC-MS based metabolomic analysis discovered 494 features that were significantly altered by AFB〈sub〉1〈/sub〉, and 234 of them were imputatively identified using Human Metabolome Data Base (HMDB). Metabolite set enrichment analysis showed that the highly disrupted metabolic pathways were: protein biosynthesis, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, betaine metabolism, cysteine metabolism, and methionine metabolism. Eight features were rated as indicative metabolites for AFB〈sub〉1〈/sub〉 exposure: 3-decanol, xanthylic acid, norspermidine, nervonyl carnitine, pantothenol, threitol, 2-hexanoyl carnitine, and 1-nitrohexane. These data suggest that AFB〈sub〉1〈/sub〉 could significantly reduce the variety of nutrients in gut and disrupt a number of gut-microbiota dependent metabolic pathways, which may contribute to the AFB〈sub〉1〈/sub〉-associated stunted growth, liver diseases and the immune toxic effects that have been observed in animal models and human populations.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 217〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Aemere Ogunlaja, Sunny O. Abarikwu, Chiagoziem A. Otuechere, Olufisayo O. Oshoro〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Landfill sites near human settlements are known to have adverse health effects. Here, we investigated the effect of different concentrations of leachates from the Redemption Camp landfill (RCLL, 10%, 30%, 50%) on the liver of adult female rats after 21 days of exposure in their drinking water. The physicochemical and metal analyses showed that biochemical oxygen and chemical oxygen demand, zinc and magnesium levels were significantly high, whereas copper level was low in RCLL when compared to water samples from residential areas close to the landfill site, and were higher than the acceptable limits (p 〈 0.05). The predominant bacteria isolates recovered from the leachate and drinking water samples were 〈em〉Escherichia coli, Salmonella〈/em〉 spp 〈em〉and Shigella〈/em〉 spp. At the end of the 21-day exposure, RCLL increased the weight of the liver. Malondialdehyde concentrations were increased and glutathione levels were decreased significantly in the liver of treated animals at all concentrations of leachates tested. Furthermore, the activities of serum alanine amino transferase, aspartate amino transferase, gamma glutamyl transferase and cholesterol concentrations were increased whereas bilirubin and albumin levels were decreased dose-dependently. Histological examination of the liver was characterized by accumulation of inflammatory cells around hepatocytes, and extended sinusoids. The histo-pathological alterations and oxidative damage observed in the liver of treated rats and occurrence of pathogenic species and metals in the RCLL may suggest possible impaired hepatic health in subjects with occupational or environmental exposure.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 217〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Elissavet Kassotaki, Maite Pijuan, Ignasi Rodriguez-Roda, Gianluigi Buttiglieri〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Despite the number of studies that have investigated the fate of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), to date results are still contradictory and more research is required to evaluate the contribution of the microbial communities present in different engineered treatment systems. Thus, autotrophic and heterotrophic types of biomass were here compared in terms of efficiency in the removal of estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), 17α-ethynilestradiol (EE2) and bisphenol A (BPA). Experiments were performed with enriched nitrifying activated sludge (NAS) and enriched ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) sludge cultivated at lab-scale, as well as with conventional activated sludge (CAS) from a full-scale wastewater treatment plant. Both enriched NAS and AOB demonstrated a negligible degrading capacity. In both cases, the studied EDCs exhibited low removals (〈14%) and showed no correlation with the increasing nitrification rates contradicting some of the hypothesis present in literature. Contrariwise, the biodegradation capabilities of the heterotrophic fraction of CAS were highlighted. E2 and E3 were removed by up to 100% and 78%, respectively. E1 was found to be the main transformation product of E2 (almost quantitative oxidation) and it was also highly eliminated. Finally, EE2 and BPA were more persistent biologically with removals ranging from 10% to 39%. For these two compounds similar removals were obtained during experiments with heat-inactivated biomass suggesting that sorption could be a relevant route of elimination.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S004565351832109X-fx1.jpg" width="295" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 217〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jie Gu, Jiayao Zhang, Yaoyao Chen, Hongye Wang, Min Guo, Lei Wang, Zhen Wang, Shengmin Wu, Lili Shi, Aihua Gu, Guixiang Ji〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉As an alternate of bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS) is now widely used to produce our daily consumer goods. Some studies have shown that BPS has the potential to disrupt the reproduction and glucose homeostasis. However, the impact of BPS on the nervous system remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of BPS on the nervous systems of zebrafish in their early growing stages. The 96 h-LC〈sub〉50〈/sub〉 value of BPS to zebrafish larvae was 323 mg/L (95%CI: 308–339 mg/L). Zebrafish embryos were exposed to BPS at concentrations of 0, 0.03, 0.3 and 3.0 mg/L until 6 days postfertilization. Our results showed that 0.3 and 3.0 mg/L BPS exposure markedly decreased locomotor behavior, accompany by the increased oxidative stress, promoted apoptosis and altered retinal structure in zebrafish. In addition, the expression levels of six neurodevelopment genes (〈em〉α1-tubuli〈/em〉n, 〈em〉elavl3〈/em〉, 〈em〉gap43〈/em〉, 〈em〉mbp〈/em〉, 〈em〉syn2a〈/em〉 and 〈em〉gfap〈/em〉) were downregulated after 3.0 mg/L BPS treatment. In conclusion, BPS may affect locomotor behavior and alter retinal structure in zebrafish larvae partially by increasing oxidative stress, and by suppressing the expression levels of neurodevelopment genes.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0045653518320939-egi10RBR4HDJ24.jpg" width="500" alt="Image" title="Image"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 217〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Seyed Mojtaba Momtaz, Parvin Mehdipour, Payam Dadvand, Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush, Mohammad Taghi Ghaneian, Mohammad Hassan Lotfi, Alireza Sarsangi Aliabad, Fereshte Molavi, Mohammad Javad Zare Sakhvidi〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Biomarkers are promising indicators to evaluate human exposure to air pollutants and to predict the health outcomes. Area of Airway macrophages that is occupied by Black Carbon could be used as a biomarker of personal long term exposure to traffic related air pollution. Association of airway macrophages carbon load with weighted average distance and environmental and subject-specific behavior are considered in this study. Sputum samples were taken from 160 healthy adult women and airway macrophages carbon load (AMCL) were determined in 93 subjects, which represent a success rate of 62% in sputum induction. Nearest distance of the subjects to major roads and average weighted distance were calculated for each subject. A questionnaire was field according to general and behavioral characteristics of the participants. There was not any significant difference (P-value 〉0.05) between induced and non-induced subjects. Subjects with indoor kitchen without separation wall, passive smokers and those with longer presence time in high traffic streets showed higher carbon area. Weighted average distance had a better association (β = −0.186, 95%CI: −0.139, −0.230, P-value = 0.00) with AMCL than nearest distance to major roads (β = −0.155, 95%CI: −0.109, −0.201, P-value = 0.19). Association of Weighted average distance with AMCL was interrupted in subjects with a garage connected to house environment, those with IK kitchen, those with a hood above the stove and passive smokers. The findings indicated that more generation and distribution of indoor air pollutants can completely enhance the internal exposure and indoor pollution has the same importance as outdoor pollution.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Chemosphere, Volume 217〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yasunori Kawagoshi, Yuki Yamashita, Luong Van Duc, Takehide Hama, Hiroaki Ito〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Nitrogen-removal processes using anammox bacteria are expected to achieve high-rate removal while remaining economical, and their practical applications have been investigated. However, anammox bacteria still have unfavorable characteristics for practical use, including susceptibility to a change in environmental conditions. In this study, with an aim of exploring the adaptability of mixed anammox bacteria to environmental conditions, the shift of nitrogen-removal performance and bacterial community in a mixed culture comprising freshwater anammox bacteria (FAB) and marine anammox bacteria (MAB) were investigated by a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR). The CSTR inoculated with the mixed anammox bacteria was operated for 180 days under an averaged condition between freshwater and marine conditions with a temperature of 27.5 °C and a synthetic medium with 15 g/L NaCl was used. Nitrogen-removal performance became stable after 114 days and more than 90% of nitrogen that was loaded into the reactor was removed in the range of nitrogen loading rate 0.07–0.42 kg N/m〈sup〉3〈/sup〉/d. After operating at 0.42 kg N/m〈sup〉3〈/sup〉/d for one month, a biomass sample was taken and its bacterial community was analyzed by clone-library analysis using a partial sequence of 16S rRNA. Among the clones of anammox bacteria that were made by an anammox-bacteria-specific primer, 97% of them were MAB and only 3% were FAB. These results indicate that the bacterial community including anammox bacteria was evidently changed due to environmental conditions and that the averaged condition in this study was suitable for marine bacteria rather than freshwater bacteria.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0045653518321507-fx1.jpg" width="372" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 20 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Electrochimica Acta, Volume 297〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jacek Ryl, Lukasz Burczyk, Artur Zielinski, Mateusz Ficek, Artur Franczak, Robert Bogdanowicz, Kazimierz Darowicki〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The electrochemical active surface area (EASA) of polycrystalline boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes is heterogeneous and can be affected by numerous factors. There is a strong need for proper consideration of BDD heterogeneity in order to improve this material's range of application in electrochemistry. Localized changes in surface termination due to the influence of oxidation agent result in increased surface resistance. The observed behavior of this characteristic feature varies among individual grains, depending on their crystallographic orientation. Still, there is not much information about this key factor in terms of its influence on the electrochemical response of BDD. In this study we compared two approaches towards BDD surface oxidation, namely: anodic polarization at potentiostatic and potentiodynamic conditions. The surface impedance measurements via Nanoscale Impedance Microscopy (NIM) allowed the confirmation of diversified propensity for the modification of surface termination in BDD. We showed that the NIM studies provide a deep understanding on the electrical characterization and variation of surface resistance in BDD electrodes. In order to evaluate the actual heterogeneity of electrochemical activity distribution, voltammetry, dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (DEIS) and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) studies were performed. For each investigated electrode, departure from the Randles-Sevcik equation was observed, with its level depending on the surface heterogeneity and oxidation treatment, justifying the standardization of pre-treatment procedure and development of non-standard model for diffusion transport in proximity of BDD electrode.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0013468618327488-egi10DT7MFLQCV.jpg" width="491" alt="Image 107" title="Image 107"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 20 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Electrochimica Acta, Volume 297〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Xiaohe Ji, Cheng Yang, Wenjuan Fang, Hua Zhang〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Although graphene hydrogel (GH) as counter electrode (CE) has been reported to improve the efficiency of quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSCs), the lower current density than that of commonly used brass-based CE is still a limitation. In this work, the investigated CEs containing GH and Cu〈sub〉2〈/sub〉S have further improved current density with the resultant high efficiency via controlling the reduction level and property of GH. Results show that the composite CEs in which GH was fabricated via chemical reduction technique exhibit higher current density accompanied by higher voltage and fill factor, leading to the dramatically high efficiency. In comparison with that of hydrothermal reduction, the outperformance of chemically-reduced GH is attributed to the more reduction level, resulting in higher conductivity and better catalytic activity with synergistic effect of Cu〈sub〉2〈/sub〉S catalysts. The impressively high efficiency of 11.51% has been obtained for the model CdSeTe QDSC, respectively 23.9% and 7.2% higher than that of brass and thermally-reduced GH based CEs. The exciting results meet our expectations of further improving efficiency through higher current density. The as-prepared GH based composite CE has also been exploited to assemble fully flexible QDSC with high efficiency of 2.84%.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0013468618320103-fx1.jpg" width="383" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 20 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Electrochimica Acta, Volume 297〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Andrzej Bobrowski, Agnieszka Królicka, Julia Śliwa, Jerzy Zarębski〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉An in-situ plated tellurium film electrode at the glassy carbon substrate (TeF-GCE) was applied for a sensitive catalytic voltammetric determination of molybdenum in the presence of 0.08 mM of mandelic acid (HA), 0.1 M of KClO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉, 0.01 M of HCl and 150 μg L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 of Te(IV). The performed cyclic and square-wave voltammetric measurements indicate that the investigated catalytic system at the TeF-GCE involves electrocatalysis of the second kind, in which a composite complex between the catalyst Mo(V)-A and ClO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉 ions forms, and the subsequent irreversible electrochemical reaction yields the catalyst and electroinactive ClO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉 ions. The applied analytical procedure was based on 120 s of deposition of Te film at −0.6 V, followed by differential pulse polarization of the electrode from 0 V to −0.6 V. The sensitivity of the method was 4.02 μA/(μg L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉) and the catalytic voltammetric response was proportional to the concentration of molybdenum within the range from 0.02 to 0.14 μg L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉. The limit of detection was found to be 0.004 μg L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 of Mo(VI), which makes the catalytic voltammetric method suitable for the quantification of Mo ultratraces in surface waters.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 20 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Electrochimica Acta, Volume 297〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Stefan Barwe, Corina Andronescu, Ruben Engels, Felipe Conzuelo, Sabine Seisel, Patrick Wilde, Yen-Ting Chen, Justus Masa, Wolfgang Schuhmann〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The development of bifunctional oxygen electrodes is a key factor for the envisaged application of rechargeable metal-air batteries. In this work, we present a simple procedure based on pyrolysis of polybenzoxazine/metal metalloid nanoparticles composites into efficient bifunctional oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution electrocatalysts. This procedure generates nitrogen-doped carbon with embedded metal metalloid nanoparticles exhibiting high activity towards both, oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution, in 0.1 M KOH with a roundtrip voltage of as low as 0.81 V. Koutecký-Levich analysis coupled with scanning electrochemical microscopy reveals that oxygen is preferentially reduced in a 4e〈sup〉−〈/sup〉 transfer pathway to hydroxide rather than to hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, the polybenzoxazine derived carbon matrix allows for stable catalyst fixation on the electrode surface, resulting in unattenuated activity during continuous alternate polarisation between oxygen evolution at 10 mA cm〈sup〉−2〈/sup〉 and oxygen reduction at −1.0 mA cm〈sup〉−2〈/sup〉.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0013468618327452-fx1.jpg" width="245" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Electrochimica Acta, Volume 298〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Qilin Liu, Xiaoqin Li, Yu Wu, Miaoqing Qing, Guangqun Tan, Dan Xiao〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a powerful brackish water desalination technology and one of the effective measures to solve the shortage of freshwater resources. With the hope to design a material with efficient desalination performance, we develop a simple, fast and green method to prepare porous carbon. The pine pollen disruption powder is used as the carbon precursor to prepare porous carbon by a simple high temperature calcination. We explore the effect of temperature on the morphology, pores and electrosorption performance, discovering the material calcined at 900 °C (PC-900) is the optimal one. PC-900 exhibits the electrosorption capacity of 7.25 mg g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 at a low initial concentration of NaCl (50.5 μS cm〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉) and 19.43 mg g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 at a high initial concentration of NaCl (500 μS cm〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉). Moreover, the synthesized material also shows improved exhibited salt removal rate, charge efficiency, reversibility and recycling stability. The excellent desalination performance is mainly attributed to the large specific surface area and suitable pore size. This result demonstrates that is porous carbon derived from pine pollen disruption powder is a promising CDI electrode material for brackish water desalination.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0013468618327701-fx1.jpg" width="318" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 20 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Electrochimica Acta, Volume 297〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Alexander Mozalev, Jaromir Hubalek〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Arrays of 0- and 1-dimensional noble-metal nanostructures aligned on solid substrates are in demand for nanocatalysis, bio- and optical sensing, or biomolecular analysis. Here we introduce a range of advances based on a systematic research towards the porous-anodic-alumina (PAA)-assisted on-substrate arrays of gold nanostructures, such as rods and spheres, spatially-separated and highly aligned on a metal or semiconductor supporting layer via a blend of the anodizing, re-anodizing, and post-anodizing treatments applied to a thin layer of Al superimposed on selected valve metals (W, Ti, Hf), metal bilayers (W/Ti), or binary metal alloy layers (W-Ti). The achievements are due to (1) the improved self-organization in the PAA thin films during the self-localizing high-current anodization of the upper Al layer at challenging potentials ranging 100–250 V and 20 to 5 V, and (2) the enhanced penetration of the alumina barrier layer by the undergrowing metal oxide due to the increasing polarization (re-anodizing). The protrusions of the undergrown metal oxide can be either selectively dissolved away providing perfect nanoholes in the alumina barrier layer or left as formed in the barrier layer and annealed in vacuum to increase their electron conductance and serve as the supports for subsequent metal electrodeposition. Additionally, the in-situ amplitude-modulated constant-current pulse deposition mode combined with the original surface-wiping technique to remove the overdeposited gold allow for smooth nucleation and uniform finishing of perfect arrays of on-substrate gold nanospheres and nanorods, having diameters from 10 to over 250 nm and length up to 2.5 μm.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0013468618326768-egi107TL78Z2BR.jpg" width="448" alt="Image 107782" title="Image 107782"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 20 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Electrochimica Acta, Volume 297〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Na Wu, Xue Zhang, Can Ma, Ya-Ru Shi, Jin-Ming Zhou, Zhe Wang, Hui Liu, Xian-Xiang Zeng, Yu Wei〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉A simple strategy which combines the treatment of industrial wastewater with the preparation of electrode materials was proposed in this work. And the industrial wastewater is the only iron source for the material preparation. The preparation method in this work is facile, economical and environment-friendly which includes two simple steps of low-temperature aqueous solution and one-step calcination. Moreover two kinds of high performance Fe〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 anode materials (α-/γ-Fe〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 nano spheres, respectively) with isomerism can be obtained by simply adjusting calcination temperatures. Both of the α-Fe〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 and γ-Fe〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 nanospheres show good lithium storing reversibility when used as anode materials in LIBs. Furthermore the as-prepared α-Fe〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 nano-electrode with lower electrochemical impedance exhibit a far better electrochemical performance (about 74.1% capacity retention (calculated based on the lithiation) from the 1st to 5th cycle) than the γ-one (only 39.0% capacity retention from the 1st to 5th cycle). The results here provide economical yet environment-friendly strategies for developing advanced anode material demanding both high energy and long lifespan for full-cell lithium battery.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Electrochimica Acta, Volume 298〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Mariangela Longhi, Serena Arnaboldi, Elena Husanu, Sara Grecchi, Ivo Franco Buzzi, Roberto Cirilli, Simona Rizzo, Cinzia Chiappe, Patrizia Romana Mussini, Lorenzo Guazzelli〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In spite of the increasing fundamental and practical interest of electrochemistry in ionic liquids (ILs), exploration of 〈em〉chiral〈/em〉 ionic liquids (CILs) in view of 〈em〉enantioselective〈/em〉 electrochemistry and electroanalysis is surprisingly overdue. In this study a family of chiral ionic liquids (CILs) based on natural chiral building blocks, of easy synthesis, is detailedly characterized in terms of thermal and electrochemical properties, achieving valuable information about structure−property relationships on account of the systematicity of available family terms. Moreover, they are submitted to a series of chiral electroanalysis tests. Cyclic voltammetry in bulk CILs or with CIL as additives in a bulk achiral ionic liquid IL, shows small but statistically significant potential differences for the enantiomers of two quite different chiral probes, an interesting result since enantiodiscrimination in terms of potential differences in chiral voltammetry (more desirable respect to current differences) has been only seldom obtained so far. The present first example of enantioselective voltammetry in CIL media 〈em〉with stereocenters as localized chirality sources〈/em〉 also offers an important and so far missing confirmation of the intrinsically superior level of the 〈em〉inherent chirality〈/em〉 strategy, recently resulting in larger potential differences with the same protocols implemented in "inherently chiral" ionic liquid media. Furthermore, an alternative transduction mode, based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy EIS, is proposed to effectively highlight the enantiodiscrimination ability of CIL media in analytical experiments.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0013468618327580-fx1.jpg" width="288" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 20 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Electrochimica Acta, Volume 297〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Xiulan Qin, Ying Huang, Ke Wang, Tingting Xu, Yanli Wang, Panbo Liu, Yuan Kang, Yang Zhang〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Novel hierarchically porous titanium-metal organic frameworks/nitrogen-doped graphene (Ti-MOFs/NG) nanocomposite derived from titanium-metal organic frameworks (Ti-MOFs) and the nitrogen-doped graphene (NG) has been originally synthesized successfully. Notably, the Ti-MOFs/NG nanocomposite has been for the first time investigated in detail, as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst of cathodic materials for fuel cells. The results show that the Ti-MOFs/NG nanocomposite possesses excellent ORR performances, whether in alkaline or acidic medium, due to existences of the Ti〈sub〉3〈/sub〉N〈sub〉2-x〈/sub〉, C〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉7〈/sub〉Ti〈sub〉2.3〈/sub〉, H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉Ti〈sub〉5〈/sub〉O〈sub〉11〈/sub〉, Ti and TiO active ORR segments. Specifically, the onset potential (E〈sub〉0〈/sub〉) and the Tafel slope value of the Ti-MOFs/NG nanocomposite are 1.14 V and 17.84 mV dec〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 in 0.1 M HClO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉, respectively. Similarly, high ORR efficiency of the Ti-MOFs/NG nanocomposite also exhibit in alkaline medium. The relative current density can still keep 99.88% of the original value after 10800 s measurements in 0.1 M KOH. Additionally, small electrochemical impedance and excellent tolerance toward fuel molecules have been exhibited in both electrolytes. These ORR properties are superior to those of most of previously reported materials derived from other MOFs, in both alkaline and acidic media. Thus, the Ti-MOFs/NG nanocomposite is as a novel promising candidate for ORR catalyst to solve the main problems of sluggish reaction kinetics of the ORR, high cost of precious metal catalysts and low durability of the traditional catalysts, applied to fuel cells, metal-air batteries and further to water splitting in energy conversion and storage devices.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 20 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Electrochimica Acta, Volume 297〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Bei Qian, Marios Michailidis, Matt Bilton, Theo Hobson, Zhaoliang Zheng, Dmitry Shchukin〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Nanocontainers with controlled release properties have been used in self-healing coatings for many years. However, the spontaneous leakage of the small molecular weight inhibitors from the nanocontainers promoted the development of nanovalves or gatekeepers to control inhibitor release. Herein, we demonstrate a facile method to encapsulate corrosion inhibitor in mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with the help of tannic acid complexes, which endow the inhibitor loaded MSNs with pH-controlled release function. Commercial water-borne alkyd coating impregnated with 2 wt% of benzotriazole-loaded nanocontainers presented significant self-healing effect after 20 days of immersion in 0.1 M NaCl solution from both released benzotriazole and tannic acid as confirmed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and microscopy. The impedance modulus of coating with nanocontainers increased from 4.7 × 10〈sup〉4〈/sup〉 Ω cm〈sup〉2〈/sup〉 to 1.8 × 10〈sup〉5〈/sup〉 Ω cm〈sup〉2〈/sup〉 after 15 days of immersion.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Beschreibung: 〈p〉Publication date: 20 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Electrochimica Acta, Volume 297〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Li Shao, Ling Zhou, Lishan Yang, Chuankun Jia, Chunhui Wang, Shuai Hu, Xifeng Zeng, Chunming Yang, Chenghuan Huang, Youyuan Zhou, Xiaoming Xi〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Surface structural engineering has been widely applied to improve the electrochemical performances of LiCoO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 cathodes, especially for applications at high operation voltages (〉4.4 V vs. Li) and elevated working temperature (≥50 °C). In this report, Al〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 layer with an average thickness of 8 nm was firstly obtained on the LiCoO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 surface, and then was transformed into LiAlO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉/LiCo〈sub〉1-x〈/sub〉Al〈sub〉x〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 double-layers by a facile heating treatment. This novel double-layers structure was clearly presented by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and depth profile of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Due to the chemical/electrochemical stability of the LiAlO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 layer and high Li〈sup〉+〈/sup〉 conductivity of the LiCo〈sub〉1-x〈/sub〉Al〈sub〉x〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 layer, this cathode with hierarchical structure achieved higher capacity and better cycling stability than the Al〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 coated LiCoO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 cathode at both 25 and 55 °C. In addition, this LiAlO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉/LiCo〈sub〉1-x〈/sub〉Al〈sub〉x〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉/LiCoO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 cathode maintained the capacity of 178.1 mA h g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 (73% capacity retention) after 500 cycles (3.0–4.5 V, 1C), which is very promising to be used in severe operation conditions such as high temperature and voltage.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉