ALBERT

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 December 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 380〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Gautam Kumar Sarma, Aslam Khan, Ahmed Mohamed El-Toni, Md. Harunar Rashid〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Herein, we report for the first time, the synthesis of CuO-Nd(OH)〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 nanocomposites via a co-precipitation method coupled with the hydrothermal aging process. Varying the pH of the reaction medium, the shape of the nanocomposites could be controlled which determines their surface areas. These CuO-Nd(OH)〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 nanocomposites exhibit very high adsorption capacity with successful removal of ∼ 97% of brilliant blue G (BBG) from water in 180 min under ambient condition. The adsorption process primarily follows Lagergren pseudo-first-order kinetics. The Langmuir isotherm model fits well with a very high monolayer adsorption capacity of 394.1 mg g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 at 30 °C. The mechanistic study supports chemisorption-type adsorption between the dye molecule and the adsorbent. Regeneration of the spent adsorbent makes the whole process cyclic and eco-friendly.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419307915-ga1.jpg" width="297" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 December 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 380〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Junchao Zhao, Zhitao Yin, Muhammad Usman Shahid, Haoran Xing, Xudong Cheng, Yangyang Fu, Song Lu〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The re-ignition of pool fires is a common hazard phenomenon in fire extinguishing. Dry chemicals with oleophobicity may solve this problem because powders can float on the oil surface and prevent evaporation of fuel pool. In this research, MAPP (modified ammonium polyphosphate) with superhydrophobicity, oleophobicity, and higher chemical activity is prepared which can quickly quench pool fires and provide longer protection. The activation indexes of MAPP for water, diesel, aviation kerosene and gasoline are 98.5%, 87.4%, 98.7% and 98.4%, respectively. Lower activation energy of MAPP means that it will show higher chemical activity in fire. The fire-extinguishing performance of MAPP is much higher than that of Commercial UDCA (ultra-fine dry chemical agent) during fire experiments. After extinguished by MAPP, the fuel pool is hard to be re-ignited. The significance of this study is to propose a new strategy for preventing the re-ignition of pool fires.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419305497-ga1.jpg" width="492" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 December 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 380〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): L. Sbardella, I. Velo-Gala, J. Comas, I. Rodríguez-Roda Layret, A. Fenu, W. Gernjak〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈p〉Ultraviolet radiation (UV)-activated peroxydisulfate (PDS) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) advanced oxidation processes were examined for their capacity to remove nine pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) from secondary effluent. The effect of operational parameters (initial oxidant concentration, UV exposure time, pH, common coexisting anions and effluent organic matter (EfOM)) on UV/PDS and UV/PMS treatment efficiency was investigated in a collimated beam device housing a low-pressure mercury UV lamp emitting light at 253.7 nm.〈/p〉 〈p〉Both AOPs achieved high removals (〉90%) when applied to pure water. Under otherwise similar conditions the removal percentage fell by 20–30% due to the scavenging of effluent organic matter (EfOM) in secondary effluent. Finally, eliminating EfOM but maintaining the inorganic composition, the radical scavenging effect was reduced and 98.3% and 85.6% average removals were obtained by UV/PDS and UV/PMS, respectively.〈/p〉 〈p〉Increasing pH improved degradation of several PhACs containing amine groups. Higher oxidant dosages created only a significant benefit in UV/PDS. The chloride anion produced a negligible effect on both processes, while higher nitrate concentrations increased removal percentage but did not affect degradation rate constants. Finally and surprisingly, the addition of bicarbonate had the strongest positive impact on the degradation kinetics observed, even stronger than the elimination of EfOM from secondary effluent.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419308222-ga1.jpg" width="500" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 December 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 380〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Chi Xu, Lirong Gao, Minghui Zheng, Lin Qiao, Lili Cui, Kunran Wang, Di Huang〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs and MCCPs) in commercial rubber track products and raw materials (rubber granules and adhesives) were investigated by two-dimensional gas chromatography with electron-capture negative-ionization mass spectrometry (GC × GC-ECNI-MS). The mean SCCP and MCCP concentrations in the rubber track products were 3.64 × 10〈sup〉3〈/sup〉 and 4.14 × 10〈sup〉4〈/sup〉 μg/g, respectively. The mean SCCP concentration in the products was significantly higher than those in the rubber granules (2.78 μg/g), but in the same order of magnitude as those in the adhesives (3.34 × 10〈sup〉3〈/sup〉 μg/g). The SCCP concentrations in almost half of the rubber track products and four fifths of the adhesives exceeded the limit (1.5 g/kg) set in Chinese standard GB 36246-2018. The dominant SCCP and MCCP congeners in the rubber track products were similar to those in the relevant adhesives but different from those in the paired granules. Principal component analysis and contribution calculations indicated that chlorinated paraffins (CPs) in adhesives could be the main sources of CPs in rubber track products. The high CP concentrations found in rubber track products are of special concern because of the relatively high exposures for children and negative effect on human health and environment.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419308076-ga1.jpg" width="500" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 December 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 380〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Tufan Paul, Dimitra Das, Bikram Kumar Das, Saikat Sarkar, Soumen Maiti, Kalyan Kumar Chattopadhyay〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Photocatalytic activity of low band gap semiconductor largely restrained by high recombination rate of photogenerated charge carriers. To enhance the catalytic performance numerous protocols were adopted amongst which designing of novel hybrid via coupling of semiconductors are very intriguing from modest application point of view. Here, we report facile realization of type II heterojunctions embracing polymeric graphitic carbon nitride (g-C〈sub〉3〈/sub〉N〈sub〉4〈/sub〉/GCN) and all-inorganic cesium lead halide perovskite (CsPbBrCl〈sub〉2〈/sub〉) for degradation complex organic effluents under visible-light illumination. Synthesized hybrid presented much improved performance in toxic cationic and anionic dyes degradation as compared to individual building units. Signature of favorable staggered gap junction’s formation at interface was confirmed via Mott-Schottky analysis. Such kind of junctions delay the recombination of photogenerated electron holes and facilitates active radical generation at catalyst surface thereby ensures improved photocatalytic performance. Charge transfer process in heterojunction further illustrated via Density functional theory (DFT) based calculations. Several scavenger tests have been performed to examine the impact of different active radicals in the photocatalysis which suggests manifold performance improvement in the presence of very small concentrations of EDTA. A plausible photocatalytic mechanism in accordance with the type II junction has been proposed.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419308088-ga1.jpg" width="311" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 December 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 380〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Vepika Kandjou, Ana M. Perez-Mas, B. Acevedo, M. Hernaez, Andrew G. Mayes, Sonia Melendi-Espina〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The increasing depletion of freshwater necessitates the re-use and purification of wastewaters. Among the existing separation membrane materials, graphene oxide (GO) is a promising candidate, owing to its tunable physicochemical properties. However, the widening of GO membranes pore gap in aqueous environments is a major limitation. Crosslinking agents can be incorporated to alleviate this problem. This study describes a comparative analysis of uncrosslinked and p-Phenylenediamine (PPD) crosslinked GO membranes’ water purification performance. Dip-coating and dip-assisted layer-by-layer methods were used to fabricate the uncrosslinked and crosslinked membranes respectively. The covalent interaction between GO and PPD was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infra-Red and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. The excellent membrane topographical continuity and intactness was assessed by means of Scanning Electron Microscopy, while water contact angle measurements were undertaken to evaluate and confirm membrane hydrophilicity. The improvement impact of the crosslinker was manifested on the enhancement of the stability and performance of the membranes during nanofiltration tests of aqueous solutions of methylene blue in a homemade nanofiltration cell operated at 1 bar.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419307939-ga1.jpg" width="452" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 December 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 380〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Elisabete Luís Afonso, Lina Carvalho, Sara Fateixa, Carlos Oliveira Amorim, Vitor S. Amaral, Carlos Vale, Eduarda Pereira, Carlos Manuel Silva, Tito Trindade, Cláudia Batista Lopes〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Technology critical elements (TCE) are considered the vitamins of nowadays technology. Factors such as high demand, limited sources and geopolitical pressures, mining exploitation and its negative impact, point these elements as new emerging contaminants and highlight the importance for removal and recycling TCE from contaminated waters. This paper reports the synthesis, characterization and application of hybrid nanostructures to remove and recover lanthanides from water, promoting the recycling of these high value elements. The nanocomposite combines the interesting properties of graphite nanoplatelets, with the magnetic properties of magnetite, and exhibits good sorption properties towards La(III), Eu(III) and Tb(III). The sorption process was very sensitive to solution pH, evidencing that electrostatic interactions are the main binding mechanism involved. Removal efficiencies up to 80% were achieved at pH 8, using only 50 mg/L of nanocomposite. In ternary solution, occurred a preferential removal of Eu(III) and Tb(III). The equilibrium evidenced a rare but interesting behaviour, and as a proof-of-concept the recoveries and reutilization rates, at consecutive cycles, highlight the recyclability of the composite without loss of efficiency. This study evidences that surface charge and the number of active sites of the composite controls the removal process, providing new insights on the interactions between lanthanoids and magnetic-graphite-nanoplatelets.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419307988-ga1.jpg" width="406" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 December 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 380〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Daria Boglaienko, Hilary P. Emerson, Yelena P. Katsenovich, Tatiana G. Levitskaia〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Technetium-99 (Tc) is a long-lived radioactive contaminant present in legacy nuclear waste streams and contaminated plumes of the nuclear waste storage sites worldwide that poses risks for human health and the environment. Pertechnetate (TcO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉), the most common chemical form of Tc under oxidative conditions, is of particular concern due to its high aqueous solubility and mobility in the subsurface. One approach to treatment and remediation of TcO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉 is reduction of Tc〈sup〉7+〈/sup〉 to less soluble and mobile Tc〈sup〉4+〈/sup〉 and its removal from the contaminated streams such as liquid secondary waste generated during vitrification of the Hanford low activity tank waste. Zero valent iron (ZVI) is a common reactive agent for reductive treatment of environmental contaminants, including reducible heavy metal ions, which can offer a potential solution to this challenge. Here, we present a comparative study of eleven commercial ZVI materials manufactured by different methods that were evaluated for the reductive removal of TcO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉 from an aqueous 80 mM NaCl solution at near neutral pH representing low activity waste off-gas condensate. Performance of ZVI materials was analyzed in relation to time-dependent Fe〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 dissolution as well as pH and ORP profiles of the contact solution. Large variability in the efficiency and kinetics of Tc〈sup〉7+〈/sup〉 reduction by different ZVI materials was contingent on their origin. ZVI materials manufactured by electrolytic method exhibited superior performance, and the kinetics of the Tc〈sup〉7+〈/sup〉 reduction correlated to particle size. ZVI materials manufactured by iron pentacarbonyl reduction with hydrogen were ineffective for Tc〈sup〉7+〈/sup〉 reduction. In general, our results highlight the need for thorough performance analysis of commercial ZVI materials for any contaminant of interest.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419307897-ga1.jpg" width="470" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 3 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Manzoor Ahmad, Qingsong Yang, Yanying Zhang, Juan Ling, Wasim Sajjad, Shuhua Qi, Weiguo Zhou, Ying Zhang, Xiancheng Lin, Yuhang Zhang, Junde Dong〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Understanding the microbial community succession to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and identification of important degrading microbial groups are crucial for the designing of appropriate bioremediation strategies. In the present study, two distinct phenanthrene enriched bacterial consortia were treated against high molecular weight (Pyrene, Benzo (a) pyrene and Benzo (a) fluoranthene) and the response was studied in term of taxonomic variations by using High Throughput Illumina sequencing and qPCR analysis. Overall, the type of PAHs significantly affected the composition and the relative abundance of bacterial communities while no obvious difference was detected between bacterial communities of benzo (a) pyrene and benzo (a) fluoranthene treatments. Genera, 〈em〉Novosphingobium〈/em〉, 〈em〉Pseudomonas〈/em〉, 〈em〉Flavobacterium〈/em〉, 〈em〉Mycobacterium, Hoeflae,〈/em〉 and 〈em〉Algoriphagus〈/em〉 dominated all PAHs treatment groups indicating that they could be the key PAHs degrading phylotypes. Due to the higher abundance of gram-negative PAH-ring hydroxylating dioxygenase gene than that of gram-positive bacteria in all treated groups, we speculated that gram-negative bacteria may contribute more in the PAH degradation. The studied sediments harbored rich PAHs degrading bacterial assemblages involved in both low and high molecular weight PAHs and these findings provided new insight into the perspective of microbial PAHs bioremediation in the mangrove ecosystem.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419308167-ga1.jpg" width="301" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 December 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 380〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Zizhen Li, Anthony Ivanenko, Xiangchao Meng, Zisheng Zhang〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Methanol is widely applied in photocatalysis as a scavenger of holes, and is also studied as a model system for heterogeneous photocatalysis for the production of formaldehyde. Compared to commercial processes for formaldehyde production via thermal catalytic methanol oxidation, photocatalytic oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde may be more promising when considering the following aspects: 1) lower reaction temperature and pressure (generally operated at room temperature and ambient pressure); 2) lower cost of the energy source (such as solar light) and 3) easy-to-design reactive system. Photocatalytic methanol oxidation was carried out using four different bismuth-based semiconductors (BBS), Bi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉WO〈sub〉6〈/sub〉, Bi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉MoO〈sub〉6〈/sub〉, BiOBr and BiVO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉, under varying system temperature (5–50 °C), bubbling speed (0.1–1.0 LPM), catalyst dosage (0.2–2.0 g/L), and initial methanol concentration (12.5–250 mM). It was found that the formaldehyde formation rate for all photocatalysts increased as a function of each of these system parameters. Of these four BBS, it was found that Bi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉WO〈sub〉6〈/sub〉 had the highest formaldehyde formation rate (0.081 mM/h). This work provides a new approach to produce formaldehyde using photocatalysis, and future work has also been proposed.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419307757-ga1.jpg" width="341" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 December 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 380〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Xiaohui Li, Hongxia Xu, Bin Gao, Yuanyuan Sun, Xiaoqing Shi, Jichun Wu〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Laboratory saturated columns packed with granular limestone grains were used to explore the retention and remobilization of functional bacteria FA1 under various physicochemical conditions. The unique surface properties of limestone and FA1 caused some unexpected phenomena. Solution IS, cation type, temperature and surface biological property all affected FA1 retention in the columns. The IS effect was temperature dependent and initial solution pH showed little influence due to the strong buffering ability of limestone. Perturbations of solution IS caused slight release of previously retained bacteria in some columns with NaCl as the background electrolyte, while increase in flow rate caused no release at all. When CaCl〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 was the background, bacterial remobilization only occurred following both cation exchange and IS reduction. DLVO forces incorporating with surface roughness calculation were determined to assist with interpretation of interaction mechanisms. All the experimental evidences suggest the importance of cation bridging, cation exchange, surface roughness, and hydrophobic interaction in controlling bacterium transport in saturated limestone porous media.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419308118-ga1.jpg" width="336" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 December 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 380〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Lei Qin, Huan Yi, Guangming Zeng, Cui Lai, Danlian Huang, Piao Xu, Yukui Fu, Jiangfan He, Bisheng Li, Chen Zhang, Min Cheng, Han Wang, Xigui Liu〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this study, four kinds of porous carbon materials were used as supports to anchor gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for catalytic reduction of nitroaromatics and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) was employed as a model material. Results identified that carbon black (CB) restricted-Au catalyst (Au/CB) provided large specific surface area, small AuNPs size, and low cost, which showed highly catalytic activity for 4-NP reduction. Besides, with the increase of Au loadings, the catalytic activity of Au/CB was enhanced and the 1.2 wt% of Au loading exhibited the best catalytic activity with the high rate of 0.8302 min〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 and the turnover frequency of 492.50 h〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉. Universality and real water application demonstrated that the as-prepared Au/CB catalyst was promising candidate for other phenols and azo dyes reduction and had great potential for practical application. Furthermore, after ten cycles, Au/CB still retained satisfying stability and activity. These results suggested that the larger specific surface area and smaller particle size attributing to the porosity of CB were conducive to improving the catalytic activity of Au catalysts. This design shows high potential of hierarchical porous carbon materials for highly catalytic reaction in many fields, especially the water purification.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419308179-ga1.jpg" width="249" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 December 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 380〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Rahul Ram, James Vaughan, Barbara Etschmann, Joël Brugger〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈p〉The longest-lived naturally occurring isotope of polonium is polonium-210, one of the daughters of uranium-238 (138 days half-life). As a daughter radionuclide of radon-222, polonium-210 can become enriched in pore fluids in U-bearing rocks, leading to contents in excess of 100 Bq.g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 in some products from the mineral, coal, oil and gas industries (e.g., anode slimes in copper refinement; sludge from the oil and gas industry). Since 2006, IAEA recommendation limits require polonium and other radionuclides from the U- and Th-series decay to be regulated for products and wastes that contain 〉1 Bq.g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉, which results in the classification of large amounts of industrial products and waste as radioactive.〈/p〉 〈p〉To develop effective methods for polonium removal and/or control, it is necessary to acquire an understanding of its aqueous chemistry. Based on a review of available experimental data, we developed a self-consistent thermochemical model for polonium in inorganic aqueous solutions. Polonium exists mainly in two oxidation states in aqueous solutions: Po(IV) and Po(II). The importance of Po(II) is unique, as Te(II) or Se(II) complexes do not appear to play a significant role in aqueous solution at room temperature. The model is used to discuss polonium speciation in some environmental and process waters.〈/p〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 December 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 380〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Benjamin Tawiah, Bin Yu, Ruichao Wei, Richard K.K. Yuen, Wei Chen, John H. Xin, Bin Fei〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is an important bioplastic polymer with wide engineering applications, but has relatively low tensile strength and high susceptibility to flames. This manuscript reports the synthesis of a new cyclo-phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant (FR) - hexaphenyl (nitrilotris(ethane-2,1-diyl))tris(phosphoramidate) (HNETP) for concurrent FR and tensile strength enhancement. 〈sup〉1〈/sup〉H, 〈sup〉13〈/sup〉C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Fourier Transform Infra-red spectra showed that HNETP was successfully synthesized. The FR properties of PLA/HNETP composites were investigated, and the peak heat release rate (PHRR) reduced by ˜ 51.3%, total heat released (THR) ˜ 43.1%, and carbon monoxide (CO) production by ˜ 46.5% with 3 wt% HNETP loading. The fire performance index increased by ˜ 65.8%, while the fire growth index decreased by ˜ 56.7%. The tensile strength and the Young’s Modulus improved to ˜ 67.4 and ˜ 87.8% respectively. A significant increase in limiting oxygen index (LOI) (32.5%) was attained with a V-0 rating in the vertical burning test. TG-IR study showed considerable reduction in pyrolysis gaseous products by the PLA/HNETP composites compared to PLA. Insignificant changes were observed in the glass transition and the melting temperature of PLA and PLA/HNETP biocomposites.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S030438941930809X-ga1.jpg" width="500" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 379〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Shuyu Jia, Jialu Wu, Lin Ye, Fuzheng Zhao, Tong Li, Xu-Xiang Zhang〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Chlorination can contribute to the enrichment of specific antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in drinking water, but the underlying molecular ecological mechanisms remain unknown, which may hinder the assessment and control of the resulting health risks. In this study, metagenomic assembly and Resfams annotation were used to profile the co-occurrence patterns of ARGs, mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and their bacterial hosts, as well as the correlations of potential pathogens with the antibiotic resistome, in a full-scale drinking water treatment and transportation system. Seven ARG types involved in different resistance mechanisms occurred in drinking water and chlorination enhanced the total abundance of the ARGs (〈em〉p〈/em〉 〈  0.05). The ARGs encoding resistance-nodulation-cell division and ATP-binding cassette antibiotic efflux pumps predominated in all the samples and were primarily responsible for the ARG accumulation. After chlorination, the ARGs were primarily carried by predominant 〈em〉Sphingomonas〈/em〉, 〈em〉Polaromonas〈/em〉, 〈em〉Hyphomicrobium〈/em〉, 〈em〉Acidovorax〈/em〉, 〈em〉Pseudomonas〈/em〉 and 〈em〉Fluviicola〈/em〉. Further, enrichment of the bacterial hosts and MGEs greatly contributed to alteration of the antibiotic resistome. 〈em〉Pseudomonas alcaligenes〈/em〉, carrying multiple ARGs, was identified as a potential pathogen in the chlorinated drinking water. These findings provide novel insights into the host-ARG relationship and the mechanism underlying the resistome alteration during drinking water chlorination.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419307940-ga1.jpg" width="500" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 379〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ngan Hong Le, Yo-han Han, Hyunsook Jung, Joungmo Cho〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Highly efficient catalytic reaction systems are developed to rapidly and selectively oxidize 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES). In the systems, precursors containing bromide(s) and nitrate anions are chosen for the development of cyclic catalytic loop and the effect of acids on the selective oxidation of CEES are investigated by the addition of several homogeneous acid catalysts. The experimental results reveal that addition of acid results in a higher concentration of tribromide, which is reported as a key component for the observed activity in the catalytic solution. As a consequence, a dramatic improvement in catalytic activity is observed, especially when the molar amount of acid is controlled to be more than twice the initial concentration of tribromide. For the efficient design of a catalytic system, heterogeneous acid catalysts possessing different ratios of Brønsted to Lewis acid sites are also considered. Compared to reaction systems catalysed by homogeneous acids, similar reaction behaviour is observed for the reaction with Amerlyst-15, while those with other heterogeneous catalysts, containing Lewis or mixed acid sites in their structure, exhibits an adverse effect of selective sulfoxidation, mainly due to the adsorption of anions onto Lewis sites and consequential deconstruction of the catalytic loop.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419307836-ga1.jpg" width="500" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 379〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jian Chen, Xinghui Xia, Haotian Wang, Yawei Zhai, Nannan Xi, Hui Lin, Wu Wen〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The partition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) among water-soil-air is temperature-dependent. Thus, we hypothesized that climate warming will affect the accumulation and uptake pathway of PAHs in plants. To test this hypothesis, enclosed soil/water-air-plant microcosm experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of warming on the uptake and accumulation of four PAHs in spinach (〈em〉Spinacia oleracea〈/em〉 L.). The results showed that root uptake was the predominant pathway and its contribution increased with temperature due to the promoted acropetal translocation. Owing to the increase in freely dissolved concentrations of PAHs in soil pore water, the four PAH concentrations in roots increased by 60.8–111.5% when temperature elevated from 15/10 to 21/16 °C. A model was established to describe the relationship between bioconcentration factor of PAHs in root and temperature. Compared with 15/10 °C, the PAH concentrations in leaves at both 18/13 and 21/16 °C elevated due to the increase in PAH concentrations in air, while slightly decreased when temperature elevated from 18/13 to 21/16 °C because the PAH concentrations in air decreased, resulting from accelerated biodegradation of PAHs in topsoil. This study suggests that warming will generally enhance the PAH accumulation in plant, but the effect will differ among different plant tissues.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419307848-ga1.jpg" width="241" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 382〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Anastasios Chalkidis, Deshetti Jampaiah, Patrick G. Hartley, Ylias M. Sabri, Suresh K. Bhargava〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The role of natural gas in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and advancing renewable energy resource integration is undoubtedly critical. With the progress of hydrocarbons exploration and production, the target zones become deeper and the possibility of mercury contamination increases. This impacts on the industry from health and safety risks, due to corrosion and contamination of equipment, to catalyst poisoning and toxicity through emissions to the environment. Especially mercury embrittlement, being a significant problem in LNG plants using aluminum cryogenic heat exchangers, has led to catastrophic plant incidents worldwide. The aim of this review is to critically discuss the conventional and alternative materials as well as the processes employed for mercury removal during gas processing. Moreover, comments on studies examining the geological occurrence of mercury species are included, the latest developments regarding the detection, sampling and measurement are presented and updated information with respect to mercury speciation and solubility is displayed. Clean up and passivation techniques as well as disposal methods for mercury-containing waste are also explained. Most importantly, the environmental as well as the health and safety implications are addressed, and areas that require further research are pinpointed.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419309902-ga1.jpg" width="297" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 382〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Amanda Pereira da Costa Araújo, Nathalie Ferreira Silva de Melo, Admilton Gonçalves de Oliveira Junior, Fernando Postalli Rodrigues, Thiago Fernandes, Julya Emmanuela de Andrade Vieira, Thiago Lopes Rocha, Guilherme Malafaia〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Microplastics (MPs) are critical emerging pollutants found in the environment worldwide; however, its toxicity in aquatic in amphibians, is poorly known. Thus, the aim of the present study is to assess the toxicological potential of polyethylene microplastics (PE MPs) in 〈em〉Physalaemus cuvieri〈/em〉 tadpoles. According to the results, tadpoles’ exposure to MP PE at concentration 60 mg/L for 7 days led to mutagenic effects, which were evidenced by the increased number of abnormalities observed in nuclear erythrocytes. The small size of erythrocytes and their nuclei area, perimeter, width, length, and radius, as well as the lower nucleus/cytoplasm ratio observed in tadpoles exposed to PE MPs confirmed its cytotoxicity. External morphological changes observed in the animal models included reduced ratio between total length and mouth-cloaca distance, caudal length, ocular area, mouth area, among others. PE MPs increased the number of melanophores in the skin and pigmentation rate in the assessed areas. Finally, PE MPs were found in gills, gastrointestinal tract, liver, muscle tissues of the tail and in the blood, a fact that confirmed MP accumulation by tadpoles. Therefore, the present study pioneering evidenced how MPs can affect the health of amphibians.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419310209-ga1.jpg" width="248" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 382〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Aihua Xu, Yi Wei, Qiancheng Zou, Wenyu Zhang, Yezi Jin, Zeyu Wang, Lizhen Yang, Xiaoxia Li〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Herein, a new peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation system was proposed employing nonredox metal ions as Lewis acids (LA), which have been widely recognized to play important roles in many biological and chemical oxidations. With Co〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 ions as model catalysts, it was found that oxidizing power of PMS was enhanced after binding weak LA such as Ca〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 ions, leading to its easier reduction to active radicals and substantial enhancement of dye degradation. The promoting effect of Ca〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 was also observed with other cobalt catalysts including CoFe〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 and Co〈sub〉3〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉. The rate of PMS decomposition in Co〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉+LA/PMS system was correlated with Lewis acidity; while in the presence of strong LA including La〈sup〉3+〈/sup〉 and Y〈sup〉3+〈/sup〉, the dye degradation rate declined. The interactions of LA with PMS were characterized and the detailed mechanism was proposed. The present study provides the first example of the promoting effect of weak LA on PMS activation with cobalt based catalysts.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419310350-ga1.jpg" width="361" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 382〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Zhiwen Lei, Jianwen Feng, Yu Yang, Jinlai Shen, Weide Zhang, Chaoyang Wang〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) possess tremendous potential in various adsorption and catalysis areas for their particular structures. However, the dispersibility and acid stability of ZIFs are important issues hindering their applications. To address these challenges, a transparent polydimethysiloxane (PDMS) coating was constructed to heterogeneously anchor the Cu doped ZIF-67 (Cu/ZIF-67) nanoparticles on melamine sponge surface, achieving a PDMS-coated ZIF three-dimensional composite sponge. Thus PDMS coating could also effectively protect ZIFs from acid damage to prolong the service life of photocatalyticity. It was demonstrated that the composite sponges were able to repeatedly (over 40 cycles) degrade Sudan I dyes with remarkable photocatalytic efficiency (〉97%). More importantly, the ion impenetrability of PDMS coating made the ZIFs based composite a longer term catalytic life than unprotected Cu/ZIF-67 under acid condition. Incidentally, due to the introduction of rough ZIFs and hydrophobic PDMS coating, the obtained sponge also exhibits super-hydrophobicity (158.5°), great compressibility and excellent oil/acid water separation performance. We expect that such a polymer coating strategy could act as a novel inspiration for extending the applications and life span of ZIF-based composites.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈p〉MF-ZIF-67@PDMS sponge shows an efficient photocatalytic activity for lipophilic Sudan I degradation under acid conditions and excellent oil/acidic water separation.〈/p〉 〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419310118-ga1.jpg" width="264" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 382〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Zhen Zhang, Jing Liu, Fenghua Shen, Yuchen Dong〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The temporal influence of reaction atmosphere and chlorine on arsenic release in combustion, gasification and pyrolysis of sawdust was studied using an on-line analysis system. The arsenic release amount in combustion atmosphere was higher than that in CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 gasification and argon pyrolysis. The derived values of activation energy followed the order: combustion 〈 gasification 〈 pyrolysis. Furthermore, the enhancement effect of chlorine species on arsenic release percentage in air combustion was also higher than that in gasification and pyrolysis conditions. The total proportion of arsenic release in combustion with additive chlorine is bigger than the case in gasification and pyrolysis, especially when 20% chlorine is added. According to equilibrium analysis, arsenic oxides were identified as the main gaseous arsenic species and their formation were decreased in the oxygen-deficient environment, mainly accounting for lesser arsenic release proportion in gasification and pyrolysis than combustion. The release of arsenic was promoted to a different extent with additive chlorine, mainly caused by the AsCl〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 (g) formation. By the findings of the experiments and theoretical analyses, the possible reaction pathways and release mechanisms of arsenic species were proposed.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419310015-ga1.jpg" width="479" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 382〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Daniel Ociński, Piotr Mazur〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The hybrid polymer obtained by entrapment of Fe-Mn waste oxides from water deironing into a chitosan matrix was evaluated as an As(III) and As(V) sorbent. Its maximum adsorption capacity determined from a Langmuir isotherm model was 44.17 mg As(III)/g or 26.80 mg As(V)/g and 50.73 mg As(III)/g or 82.99 mg As(V)/g under neutral and acidic conditions, respectively. The pH markedly influenced the efficiency and the rate of As(V) adsorption, whereas its impact on As(III) removal was slight. The sorbent was simply regenerated using NaOH solution, and no drop in adsorption capacity was observed after 6 cycles. The physical form and the durability of the sorbent enabled continuous work in a fixed-bed system without clogging of the bed. Arsenic concentration in the effluent exceeded 0.01 mg As/L only after passing about 2700 bed volumes. Arsenates formed surface complexes with iron oxides and were bounded by the imine groups of cross-linked chitosan. Arsenites were oxidized by MnO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 before adsorption but, because of the low Mn:Fe ratio, a fraction of them were also directly bound to the iron oxides, especially at neutral pH. The conducted studies confirmed the usability of the examined material as a highly efficient sorbent for arsenic removal from water.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419310167-ga1.jpg" width="500" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 382〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Bor-Shuang Liaw, Ting-Ting Chang, Haw-Kai Chang, Wen-Kuang Liu, Po-Yu Chen〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this study, low-cost and eco-friendly hydroxyapatite (HA) minerals were extracted from scales of Tilapia fish (〈em〉Oreochromis mossambicus〈/em〉). After calcination, fish-scale extracted powder was further confirmed to be HA by X-ray diffraction with mean particle size of 5.96 μm determined by particle size analyzer. The calcined powder was utilized as the raw material and combined with chitosan (CS) to synthesize composite scaffolds by freeze casting and cross-linking. Mercury porosimetry results showed that the scaffolds possessed hierarchical porous structure. Microstructural features characterized by SEM revealed unidirectional channel structures with channel sizes ranged from 10 to 100 μm and 1 to 50  μm for scaffolds freeze-casted at 2 ℃/min and 5 ℃/min cooling rates, respectively. The adsorption kinetics of HA/CS composite scaffolds with varying channel sizes were investigated by both batch and fixed-bed processes with different Pb(П) initial concentrations (100 and 1000 mg/L). The adsorption capability was optimized by tuning the cooling rates and the maximum adsorption amount could reach 75–570 mg/g in batch process and 94 mg/g in fixed bed process. In summary, the HA/CS composite scaffolds showed great capability to remove heavy metal ions from waste water and their tunable channel sizes could be applied in suitable fields under both statistic and flowing conditions.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 382〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Pyeong-Koo Lee, Min-Ju Kang, Youn-Joong Jeong, Yi Kyun Kwon, Soonyoung Yu〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉As-contaminated soil samples were chosen to identify As sources near a Zn smelter where Zn contamination in soils was found to be of smelter origin. Based on the As concentrations and Pb isotopic compositions, high As levels in soils were originated from the geogenic source. There was no consistent trend in As concentrations with either depth or distance from the smelter, while the Pb isotopic compositions in soils varied regardless of As levels and were quite different from those of smelter origin. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) suggested that the high As concentrations were due to arsenopyrite and its alteration minerals, which were easily found but heterogeneously distributed within host rocks. A detailed investigation of As levels and Pb isotropic compositions along the predominant wind direction also supported that the As contamination was of geogenic origin unlike the Zn contamination. The atmospheric emissions from the smelter increased the Zn concentrations and decreased the 〈sup〉206〈/sup〉Pb/〈sup〉207〈/sup〉Pb ratios at surface layers, while the As concentrations occasionally exceeded the worrisome level at deep layers. According to the Pb isotropic compositions, about 21% of the As-contaminated soils were impacted by the smelter, in particular at the surface layer.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 382〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Shouqiang Huang, Liang Li, Nanwen Zhu, Ziyang Lou, Weiqiao Liu, Jiehong Cheng, Haoming Wang, Pengxuan Luo, Hui Wang〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The high concentration of chloride (Cl〈sup〉−〈/sup〉) ions in leachate often has negative effects in their harmless treatments, and the common treatments containing the ion exchange method consume excessive antichlors due to their large particle sizes and unfavorable morphologies. Herein, the antichlors of the Bi(III) containing oxides with quantum dots (QDs) or two-dimensional (2D) structures are first explored for the removal and recovery of Cl〈sup〉−〈/sup〉 ions in concentrated leachate. By using the QDs/2D flakes constructed antichlors of Bi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 and the magnetite Bi-Ti composite, the maximum Cl〈sup〉−〈/sup〉 removal rates of 61.8% and 66.1% are respectively achieved under the optimum conditions. The higher removal efficiency of the magnetite Bi-Ti composite is contributed by its less stable crystal phases of Bi〈sub〉25〈/sub〉FeO〈sub〉40〈/sub〉/Bi〈sub〉12〈/sub〉TiO〈sub〉20〈/sub〉, which can proceed more deeply in the removal of Cl〈sup〉−〈/sup〉 ions compared with that of Bi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉. The recovered terminal magnetite Bi-Ti precipitate with Bi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉/BiOCl heterostructure exhibits excellent photocatalytic activity in the degradation of the dechlorinated leachate, where a total organic carbon removal rate of 87.2% is achieved under UV–vis-near-infrared irradiation. Therefore, the selection of Bi(III) containing oxides opens a promising and high-value method for the removal and recovery of Cl〈sup〉−〈/sup〉 ions in leachate and other waste waters.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419309951-ga1.jpg" width="261" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 21 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jingwen Pan, Baoyu Gao, Wen Song, Xing Xu, Qinyan Yue〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Effective managements of organic solid waste and surface water eutrophication can reuse/reduce solid waste resources, and ensure surface water safety. Herein, an easily-recoverable amine-functionalized biosorbent was developed from biogas residue (BR-N) for nitrate and phosphate removals from surface water. Physicochemical characteristics revealed that BR-N has a cross-staggered structure with abundant quaternary-amine groups to enhance the diffusion and electrostatic attraction of nitrate/phosphate. In batch studies, nitrate/phosphate could be effectively removed by the BR-N within a wide pH range of 5.0-9.0, and the maximum adsorption capacities of BR-N were 64.12 mg/g for nitrate and 34.40 mg P/g for phosphate. After continuous 8 cycles of adsorption-desorption, BR-N still exhibited 〉82% adsorption capacity for nitrate/phosphate removals, implying the high chemical stability and reusability for water treatment. Whereafter, BR-N has real application prospect in water treatment, which could effectively treat ˜380, ˜260 and ˜760 bed volumes (BV) of three actual eutrophic surface water to satisfy the surface water standard of China (GB3838-2002). The cost of BR-N was 2.89 $/kg evaluated by energy-economy assessment, indicating the low-cost production of biogas residue-based adsorbent for treating eutrophic surface water. Overall, this study provides a new idea for high-value utilization of organic solid waste and purification of eutrophic water.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419310271-ga1.jpg" width="301" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 20 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yaoping Hu, Zhijin Gao〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Million tons of sewage sludge produced yearly creates a severe pollution problem to environment, and thus needs either to be properly disposed of, or recovered. Here, we demonstrate a value-added utilization of sewage sludge by converting its contained organics into nanosized carbon dots (CDs) with microwave irradiation. This synthetic method, using waste resources as precursors and avoiding the requirement of hazardous reagents and complex procedures, has the great advantage of low cost, environmental friendliness, and easy scalability. The resultant CDs exhibit excellent fluorescence properties with a large quantum yield (QY) of up to 21.7%, higher than the most values of waste-derived CDs. It is found that CDs can serve as a sensitive and selective sensor to detect para-nitrophenol (p-NP), a toxic pollutant, through fluorescence quenching, giving a linear detection range of 0.2–20 μM and a detection limit of as low as 0.069 μM. Systematic investigations suggest that the inner filter effect (IFE) is the dominant sensing mechanism. Moreover, the practical applications of CDs for p-NP assay in real water samples achieve good results.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419310027-ga1.jpg" width="301" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉 〈p〉Sewage sludge as a renewable resource toward highly fluorescent carbon dots for sensing of para-nitrophenol through inner filter effect.〈/p〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 382〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Kun Wu, Dongdong Chen, Shaoyou Lu, Jianzhang Fang, Ximiao Zhu, Fan Yang, Tao Pan, Zhanqiang Fang〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Developing inexpensive and stable photocatalysts without noble metals, yet remarkably enhancing the photocatalytic activities, is highly needed. Here, a novel carbon and cerium co-doped porous g-C〈sub〉3〈/sub〉N〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 (C/Ce-CN) has been successfully prepared through thermal polymerization of the supramolecular aggregation. The morphologies, chemical structures, optical and photoelectrochemical properties of the synthesized photocatalysts were analyzed via a series of characterization measurements. Experimental results indicated that C/Ce-CN showed remarkably enhanced photocatalytic activity of TC and RhB degradation, which is about 2.6 and 2.4 times higher than that of pristine CN, and it also exhibited a good stability. Compared with bare CN, the enhanced performance of C/Ce-CN is mainly attributed to the stronger utilization rate of visible light, the rapider charge transfer rate, the longer lifetime of carriers and the larger surface specific area. The main intermediates in degradation process of antibiotics were tested by the HPLC-MS. Finally, the possible photocatalytic degradation pathways and mechanisms were proposed.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419309811-ga1.jpg" width="286" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 382〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Zhuo Li, Zhenyang Yu, Changzheng Cui, Fangting Ai, Daqiang Yin〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Increasing concerns are earned on the multigenerational hazards of antibiotics due to the connection between their mother-children transfer via cord blood and breast milk and obesity in the children. Currently, 〈em〉Caenorhabditis elegans〈/em〉 was exposed to sulfamethoxazole (SMX) over 11 generations (F0–F10). Indicators of obesogenic effects and gene expressions were measured in each generation and also in T11 to T13 that were the offspring of F10. Biochemical analysis results showed that SMX stimulated fatty acids in most generations including T13. The stimulation was resulted from the balance between enzymes for fatty acid synthesis (e.g., fatty acid synthetase) and those for its consumption (e.g., fatty acid transport protein). Gene expression analysis demonstrated that the obesogenic effects of SMX involved peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs, e.g., 〈em〉nhr-49〈/em〉) and insulin/insulin-like signaling (IIS) pathways (e.g., 〈em〉ins-1〈/em〉, 〈em〉daf-2〈/em〉 and 〈em〉daf-16〈/em〉). Further epigenetic analysis demonstrated that SMX caused 3-fold more H3K4me3 binding genes than the control in F10 and T13. In F10, the most significantly activated genes were in metabolic and biosynthetic processes of various lipids, nervous system and development. The different gene expressions in T13 from those in F10 involved development, growth, reproduction and responses to chemicals in addition to metabolic processes.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 21 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Mingmei Ding, Wei Chen, Hang Xu, Zhen Shen, Tao Lin, Kai Hu, Chun hui Lu, Zongli Xie〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The development of non-cobalt-based heterogeneous catalysts with efficient catalytic activity, good stability and nontoxicity is very important for the application of peroxymonosulfate-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in water treatment. In this work, with two dimensional MXene as the catalyst substrate, a novel α-Fe〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉/MXene (FM) nanocomposite was fabricated through a facile solvothermal method. Systematic characterization demonstrated that the MXene substrate could facilitate the size reduction and good dispersion of α-Fe〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 nanoparticles. The FM nanocomposite achieved high efficiency and stability towards activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to produce free radicals for the degradation of salicylic acid (SA) in aqueous solution. The operating parameters, including catalyst dosage, PMS dosage, SA concentration and initial pH value, were evaluated and analysed. The co-existence of sulfate radicals (SO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉〈img src="https://sdfestaticassets-eu-west-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/16/entities/rad"〉〈sup〉—〈/sup〉) and hydroxyl radicals (〈img src="https://sdfestaticassets-eu-west-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/16/entities/rad"〉OH) was confirmed using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and radical scavenger tests, while SO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉〈img src="https://sdfestaticassets-eu-west-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/16/entities/rad"〉〈sup〉—〈/sup〉was identified as the main reactive species in the FM/PMS catalytic system. The possible mechanisms for the electron transfer and radical generation during the process of PMS activation by the FM nanocomposite are further investigated using XPS and in situ Raman analysis. The results provide an avenue for rationally constructing and developing alternative catalysts for the treatment of organics in wastewater.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419310180-ga1.jpg" width="256" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 382〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Long Peng, Lei Li, Qinhao Lin, Mei Li, Guohua Zhang, Xinhui Bi, Xinming Wang, Guoying Sheng〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉A single particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS) was deployed to investigate the mixing state and chemical processing of Pb-rich particles in suburban Beijing. Based on a large dataset of mass spectra, Pb-rich particles were classified into Pb-O-Cl-N-S (55%), Pb-N (17%), Pb-N-S (15%), and Pb-EC (7%). Residual coal combustion, industrial activities, and meteorological conditions were identified as main factors regulating the variations of Pb-rich particles in the atmosphere. The highest abundance of the Pb-rich particles was observed during heating period (HP) primarily due to the increase in coal usage. Pb in Pb-O-Cl-N-S type was identified in forms of PbO, PbCl〈sub〉2,〈/sub〉 and Pb(NO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉)〈sub〉2〈/sub〉. Dominantly presented in the form of Pb(NO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉)〈sub〉2〈/sub〉, Pb-N type represented the completely transformed Pb-rich particles from PbO/PbCl〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 by atmospheric processes. It is found that PbCl〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 and PbO could be transformed to Pb(NO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉)〈sub〉2〈/sub〉, highly dependent on the amount of NO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 and RH. Significant enhancement of nitrate in Pb-O-Cl-N-S particles was observed when the RH was greater than 60%, emphasizing the importance of heterogeneous hydrolysis of N〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉5〈/sub〉 on the formation of Pb(NO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉)〈sub〉2.〈/sub〉 Compared with non-carcinogenic PbCl〈sub〉2〈/sub〉/PbO and insoluble PbO, soluble and carcinogenic Pb(NO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉)〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 produced by atmospheric processes may significantly enhance negative effects of Pb-rich particles on human health and the ecosystem.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419309689-ga1.jpg" width="481" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 382〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Qiulai He, Jianyang Song, Wei Zhang, Shuxian Gao, Hongyu Wang, Jian Yu〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Aerobic granular sludge-based simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal (SNDPR) systems were configured for the treatment of low-strength municipal wastewater. Granular characteristics, process performance, and the corresponding microbial ecology dynamics were comprehensively explored with sodium acetate and succinate as mixed carbon source. Results revealed that aerobic granules kept structural and functional resilience, while mixed carbon source largely altered and balanced the growth and competition of phosphorus/glycogen accumulating organisms (PAOs/GAOs). Appropriate ratio of mixed carbon source was vital for superb physiochemical behaviors and reliable removal performance by aerobic granules. Therefore, the aerobic granular SNDPR system could achieve deep-level nutrients removal through enhancing the anaerobic carbon uptake rate and strengthening the carbon usage efficiency. The present work could add some guiding sight into the application of aerobic granular SNDPR system for wastewater treatment.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419309975-ga1.jpg" width="244" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 382〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ronghua Mu, Yanhui Ao, Tengfei Wu, Chao Wang, Peifang Wang〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Bi〈sub〉4〈/sub〉O〈sub〉5〈/sub〉I〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 loaded anatase-TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 (B) biphase nanowires composite photocatalysts were fabricated by an in situ calcination method and exhibited outstanding photocatalytic activity. The microstructure, optical performance and band structure of the composite photocatalysts were investigated by relevant characterizations. The results demonstrated the successful formation of heterojunction between anatase-TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 (B) biphase nanowires and Bi〈sub〉4〈/sub〉O〈sub〉5〈/sub〉I〈sub〉2〈/sub〉, which integrated the advantages of homojunction and heterojunction. Therefore, it definitely improved separation efficiency of photo-induced electron-holes because of the formation of multi-junctions. In order to test the enhanced photocatalytic activity, acetaminophen was chosen as target pollutant. The sample with 67% Bi〈sub〉4〈/sub〉O〈sub〉5〈/sub〉I〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 (TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉-Bi〈sub〉4〈/sub〉O〈sub〉5〈/sub〉I〈sub〉2〈/sub〉-3) presented the highest photocatalytic activity on the degradation of acetaminophen and its reaction apparent rate constant was 10 and 25 times as that of Bi〈sub〉4〈/sub〉O〈sub〉5〈/sub〉I〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 and TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 biphase nanowires, respectively. Through trapping experiments and LC–MS/MS analysis, O〈sup〉〈img src="https://sdfestaticassets-eu-west-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/16/entities/rad"〉〈/sup〉H was proved to be the key active specie during the photocatalytic process of acetaminophen degradation〈strong〉. Meanwhile〈/strong〉 a possible degradation pathway was proposed based on the detected intermediate products.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 382〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Juan Xiao, Chuan Wang, Hong Liu〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Fenton-like degradations of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and phenolic compounds (phenol, catechol, resorcinol, and hydroquinone) in single and binary systems were investigated by focusing on the Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox cycle during the reaction processes. Quinone-like substances were generated and found to be responsible for the autocatalytic transformation of Fe(III) to Fe(II) in the Fenton-like process with DMP or phenolics. Moreover, phenolic compounds could accelerate the Fenton-like degradation of DMP, with an increased efficiency of H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 utilization. The effect of phenolic compounds on the degradation of DMP followed the order: catechol ≈ hydroquinone 〉 resorcinol 〉 phenol, which could be attributed to the interaction between quinone-like substances and iron ions. Hydroquinone-like substances accelerated the Fe(III)/(II) redox cycle. The formation of iron complexes between catechol-like substances and iron ions facilitated the release of H〈sup〉+〈/sup〉 and regeneration of Fe(II). In addition, a plausible mechanism for enhanced Fenton-like degradation of DMP by phenolics was proposed.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419309616-ga1.jpg" width="500" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 382〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Min-Hua Cui, Thangavel Sangeetha, Lei Gao, Ai-Jie Wang〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Understanding the electrode configuration is vital for the successful application of bioelectrochemical system (BES) in recalcitrant wastewater treatment. Especially in those traditional anaerobic processes that integrate with BES to construct effective hybrid bioreactors. Hybrid bioreactors employed granular graphite as electrode material achieved 86.62 ± 1.83% decolorization efficiency of azo dye acid orange 7 (AO7) at influent AO7 loading rate of 800 g/(m〈sup〉3〈/sup〉∙d) and it was about 6% higher than that with carbon fiber brush electrodes. Such electrodes were positioned above the anaerobic sludge layer and higher efficiency (8%) than the reactors with electrodes placed beneath the sludge layer was observed. Tracer experiments and modeling of residence time distribution indicated that the fluid pattern in hybrid bioreactors was modified to plug flow pattern and had a better consummate mixing ability compared to the conventional anaerobic reactor. Simulation using computational fluid dynamics technique showcased favorable mass transfer near electrode modules. The hydrodynamics of simulation and experimental results were connected by simplifying electrode module as a porous media model. This study thus proved that hybrid bioreactors can effectively enhance wastewater treatment comprehensively through the analysis of decolorization performance and hydrodynamics.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 382〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Libing Chu, Dan Chen, Jianlong Wang, Zhilin Yang, Qi Yang, Yunpeng Shen〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In present work, the degradation of antibiotic and inactivation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in cephalosporin C fermentation (CEPF) residues were performed using ionizing radiation, ozonation and thermal treatment. The results showed that the three treatment methods could degrade cephalosporin C effectively, with the removal efficiency of 85.5% for radiation at dose of 100 kGy, 79.9% for ozonation at dosage of 5.2 g O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉/L, and 71.9% and 87.3% for thermal treatment at 60 °C and 90 °C for 4 h. The cephalosporin resistance gene tolC was detected in the raw CEPF residues, and its abundance was decrease 74.2% by radiation, 64.6% by ozonation and 26.9%–37.1% by thermal treatment respectively. The presence of protein, glucose and acetate in the CEPF residues had inhibitive influence on the degradation of cephalosporin C by ionizing radiation, and the effect was more significant when the antibiotic concentration was lower. The total content of COD, polysaccharides and protein changed slightly after radiation and thermal treatment, while they were decreased greatly by ozonation. The primary techno-economic analysis showed that the operational cost of ionizing radiation by electron beam at 50 kGy ($5.2/m〈sup〉3〈/sup〉) was comparable to thermal treatment ($4.3–7.9/m〈sup〉3〈/sup〉), which was more economical than ozonation ($14.6/m〈sup〉3〈/sup〉).〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S030438941931012X-ga1.jpg" width="336" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 19 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jianhua Yuan, Yao Ma, Fei Yu, Yiran Sun, Xiaohu Dai, Jie Ma〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The recovery of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from wastewater is of great importance in addressing the global nutrient crisis. The limitations of existing methods require the development of effective technology. Here, two different hydrogel adsorbents were fabricated with good separation ability for metal cation (M〈sup〉+〈/sup〉) and metal anion (M-) but showed little removal of nutrients. Based on the materials, a novel three-stage operation system combining adsorption and capacitive deionization (CDI) technology was presented for nutrient recovery and wastewater treatment. In the first two stages, mixed metals in wastewater were successfully separated (Cu〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉: 144.6 mg/g; Cr〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉7〈/sub〉〈sup〉2−〈/sup〉: 167.0 mg/g), and nutrients were retained (N and P 〈 1 mg/g). In the third stage, the residual trace metal ions in the solution were removed (2.0 mg/L to N/A), and the nutrients were enriched through electroadsorption and desorption processes by CDI. Plants using recovered liquid fertilizers revealed similar values for height, root length, and chlorophyll compared with those obtained using actual fertilizers. The results indicated that this novel three-stage operation system (3S A-C system) combining adsorption and CDI is efficient in recovering liquid fertilizers from wastewater and is a promising technology for simultaneously addressing nutrient crises and environmental pollution.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419309938-ga1.jpg" width="301" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉 〈p〉Three-stage operation system (3S A-C system) combining adsorption and CDI is efficient in recovering liquid fertilizers from wastewater and is a promising technology for simultaneously addressing nutrient crises and environmental pollution.〈/p〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 382〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yating Luo, Binhui Ye, Jien Ye, Jingli Pang, Qiao Xu, Jingxuan Shi, Bibo Long, Jiyan Shi〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Some ions in soils may affect the growth and metabolism of microorganisms and subsequently alter the remediation efficiency of Cr(VI). Here, the effects of different Ca〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 and SO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉〈sup〉2−〈/sup〉 levels on the reduction of Cr(VI) by 〈em〉Penicillium oxalicum〈/em〉 SL2 were investigated. The results showed that Cr(VI) reduction by 〈em〉P. oxalicum〈/em〉 SL2 in potato dextrose liquid (PDL) medium was accelerated by the presence of exogenous Ca〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 and SO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉〈sup〉2−〈/sup〉. The Cr(VI) reduction rates were increased by 52.5% (200 mg L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 Ca〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 treated) and 55.9% (2000 mg L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 SO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉〈sup〉2−〈/sup〉 treated), respectively. High concentration of Ca〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 in medium resulted in the production of calcium oxalate crystals, which was contributed to the adsorption of chromium. In addition, X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) analysis showed that 〈em〉P. oxalicum〈/em〉 SL2 could reduce the toxicity of Cr(VI) by synthesizing cysteine (Cys) and reduced glutathione (GSH). The decrease of thiol compounds (Cys and GSH) in 〈em〉P. oxalicum〈/em〉 SL2 mycelia treated with SO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉〈sup〉2−〈/sup〉 proved the alleviation of oxidative stress. In conclusion, exogenous Ca〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 could reduce the damage of Cr(VI) to 〈em〉P. oxalicum〈/em〉 SL2 by maintaining the integrity of cell wall, and the addition of SO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉〈sup〉2−〈/sup〉 alleviated the Cr(VI) toxicity to 〈em〉P. oxalicum〈/em〉 SL2, thus accelerating the reduction of Cr(VI).〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S030438941931026X-ga1.jpg" width="479" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 381〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Taher Rahimi-Aghdam, Zahra Shariatinia, Minna Hakkarainen, Vahid Haddadi-Asl〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Nitrogen (N-GQD) as well as nitrogen and phosphorous co-doped (NP-GQD) graphene quantum dots were demonstrated as novel, low cost, green and highly effective flame retardants and smoke suppressants for polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanocomposites. The N-GQD and NP-GQD samples were synthesized by hydrothermal method with citric acid as the main reactant. For the first time, the flame retardant and smoke suppressant properties of the NP-GQD were studied. The GQDs were introduced into PAN by solvent blending route. Subsequently, thermal stability, flame retardancy, fire behavior, fire hazard and structure of the residual char were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UL-94 vertical burning test, cone calorimetry, FE-SEM, and Raman spectroscopy. Results showed that both PAN/N-GQD and PAN/NP-GQD nanocomposites had higher flame retardancy and smoke suppressant behavior in addition to lower fire hazard properties than neat PAN. Furthermore, the residual chars for the nanocomposite samples were increased in comparison to the neat PAN. The improvements were even more significant in case of the PAN/NP-GQD due to the synergistic effect of nitrogen and phosphorous. The improvements were mainly ascribed to the ability of the N-GQD and NP-GQD to provide stronger and larger protective char barrier layers, which was even more pronounced in case of the NP-GQD.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419309677-ga1.jpg" width="475" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 382〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yao Yuan, Wei Wang, Yongqian Shi, Lei Song, Chao Ma, Yuan Hu〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The extensive utilization of rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) as construction insulation material has brought two main troubles to our society: fire risks and toxic hazards. To reduce the fire hazards of RPUF, a layered MoS〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 decorated with Cu〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O nanoparticles was creativity obtained by hydrothermal technology and facile wet chemical treatment for reducing the toxic product formations of polyurethane nanocomposites during combustion. Due to the low weight ratio of Cu〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O attached onto MoS〈sub〉2〈/sub〉, the resulting Cu〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O-MoS〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 hybrid effectively prevented the MoS〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 nanosheets from restacking. However, the Cu〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O-MoS〈sub〉2〈/sub〉-M hybrid was produced by increasing content of Cu〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O, which has the characteristic stacked layer structure of MoS〈sub〉2〈/sub〉. Reduced harmful organic volatiles and the toxic gases (e.g. a respective decrease of ca. 28% and 53% for CO and NO〈sub〉x〈/sub〉 products) were obtained because of synergistic effect between the physical adsorption of MoS〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 and catalysis action of Cu〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O. Notably, the addition of Cu〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O-MoS〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 hybrids led to high char formation of the RPUF nanocomposite, indicating the effectively catalytic carbonization property. In addition, the N-Gas model for predicting fire smoke toxicity was developed and demonstrated. Furthermore, the research offers direct proofs of the negative influence of the stacked MoS〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 on reducing the smoke toxicity for RPUF nanocomposites.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419309823-ga1.jpg" width="370" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 382〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Guangxue Zhang, Zhenfang Ma, Jian Shen, Kai Zhang, Jinqing Wang, Zuohe Chi〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Acoustic agglomeration is a process in which an intense sound field is applied to promote relative motion and rapid agglomeration among aerosol particles. This technology is able to improve significantly and rapidly the visibility of the smoke in a fire situation, and therefore assists the quick evacuation of evacuees. In this paper, the elimination effect of polystyrene smoke using acoustic agglomeration technology is experimentally investigated. The results show that the smoke transmittance will be increased to 0.75 from the initial value of 0.24 in only 0.5 min, in a 1.5 kHz acoustic field at a sound pressure level of 141 dB. The agglomeration rate is sensitive to acoustic frequency and there is an optimal operation frequency, which indicates that the predominant mechanism is orthokinetic interaction. Under the conditions of our experiments, the optimal frequency for eliminating soot particles is determined to be 1.5 kHz. As an energy consuming process, the agglomeration efficiency increases proportionally with the acoustic power until the corresponding nonlinear acoustic effects become significant. Moreover, it is found that the agglomeration rate of thicker smoke is much higher than thin ones at the early stage of the process, but the discrepancy tends to vanish at the later stage.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S030438941931043X-ga1.jpg" width="261" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 382〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Qiming Liu, Yaoyue Li, Huafeng Chen, Jian Lu, Guangsuo Yu, Maxim Möslang, Yanbo Zhou〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Dyes and heavy-metal ions are common pollutants in printing and dyeing wastewater, and are thus attracting considerable attention. Herein, an eco-friendly straw-based adsorbent, WS-CA-AM, was prepared by grafting with acrylamide (AM) and citric acid (CA) groups to remove representative dyes and heavy metals from aqueous solution. The adsorption capacities of WS-CA-AM for methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) were 3053.48 and 120.84 mg/g, which were 54 and 3 times those of unmodified straw, respectively. Moreover, the adsorption capacities for MB, MO, Cr〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉7〈/sub〉〈sup〉2−〈/sup〉 and Cu〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 in the mixed system increased by 210%, 133%, 196% and 151%, respectively, compared with those in the single system. The significant increase in adsorption capacity can be attributed to the collaborative effect through electrostatic attraction. The functional groups and adsorbed pollutants all served as adsorption sites for pollutants. These results indicate that WS-CA-AM is a potential applicant for the removal of dyes and heavy-metal ions from mixed aqueous solution.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S030438941930994X-ga1.jpg" width="280" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 382〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Hongting Xu, Yue Song, Long Cang, Dongmei Zhou〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Electrokinetic 〈em〉in situ〈/em〉 chemical oxidation (EK-ISCO) could be used to remediate inorganic/organic-contaminated soil. Oxidizing agents were effectively delivered to the contaminated zones through electromigration and the electroosmosis. However, the cathode may react with oxidants, which would reduce the oxidative effect and lead to low contaminant removal rates. In this study, ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) enhanced EK-ISCO was used to remediate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in contaminated soil. IEMs were installed between the electrode compartment and the soil compartment. The results showed that the IEMs could effectively control pH and the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) changes in the soil column. Placing a cation-exchange membrane (CEM) at the cathode prevented the S〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉8〈/sub〉〈sup〉2−〈/sup〉 from contacting the cathode and reduced the oxidative loss effect, which meant that PAH removal efficiency significantly improved (from 33.1% to 87.1%). Furthermore, there were minimal changes to the soil properties. Maintaining the soil at a low pH also improved the PAH removal efficiency (93.1%), but the physicochemical properties of the soil significantly changed and a large amount of power was consumed (2015 kWh t〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉). This study indicated that placing a CEM at the cathode improved remediation efficiency, and reduced power consumption and the adverse effects on soil properties during EK-ISCO.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419309963-ga1.jpg" width="369" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 21 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yan Kong, Yuan Zhuang, Baoyou Shi〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Polymer hydrogels usually has limited catalytic activity and stability in catalysis. Here, we presented for the first time the preparation of a novel double-metal-crosslinked alginate hydrogel using graphene oxide to facilitate the Fe(II)/Fe(III) redox cycles. Five multivalent metal cations were used as crosslinkers to prepare different alginate-GO-M (Fe(III), Fe(II), La(III), Ce(III), and Co(II)), and the effects of assisted metal cations (La(III), Ce(III), and Co(II)) on different Fe(II) bimetallic alginate-GO-Fe-M(AG-Fe-M) complexes were investigated. Double-metal-crosslinked alginate-GO hydrogels can degrade tetracycline much faster during the initial 10 min than single-metal-crosslinked hydrogels. In addition, the release of iron from AG-Fe-Ce (10.59 ppm) is less than that from AG-Fe-Co (21.57 ppm) and AG-Fe-La (25.6 ppm) during the Fenton reaction. More importantly, the AG-Fe-Ce does not release TOC and maintains most of the catalytic activity after four reuse cycles, confirming its excellent stability. For the treatment of raw water containing a high proportion of proteinaceous matter and tetracycline, the AG-Fe-Ce significantly reduces the molecular weight of the dissolved organic matter. We deduced that the humic acid and protein show good complexation ability to tetracycline, thereby reducing its bioavailability. This study provides new insights into the synthesis of polymer catalysts for water treatment.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419310143-ga1.jpg" width="301" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 382〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Shengmin Wu, Shenghu Zhang, Yang Gong, Lili Shi, Bingsheng Zhou〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The accurate detection and quantification of nanoparticles (NPs) in aquatic environments are essential for toxicological and ecological risk assessment. Herein, we used single particle inductively coupled mass spectroscopy (SP-ICP-MS) to quantify titanium nanoparticles (Ti-NPs) in the extraction fractions of surface waters, and transmission electron microscopy coupled with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (TEM-EDS) to specifically identify the nanoparticles. By using gold-NPs as reference standard, this approach achieved a Ti-NPs size detection limit in water of 25 nm with a particle number concentration limit of 10〈sup〉2〈/sup〉 particles/ml. We measured Ti-NPs concentrations in surface waters from Lake Taihu, China. The results revealed that the particles concentration was 2.78 × 10〈sup〉5〈/sup〉 particles/ml with the mean size of 67 nm in October 2016, and the particles concentration of 2.28 × 10〈sup〉5〈/sup〉 particles/ml with the mean size of 65 nm in April 2018, respectively. Based on TEM-EDS observation, various shapes of Ti-NPs were further identified, including regular cubes, long rods and flaky. We further measured the total organic carbon (TOC), and found that there was a positive correlation between Ti-NPs and TOC. This method enabled accurate detection and quantification of Ti-NPs concentration in environmental surface waters, which could be hugely useful for environmental risk assessment in aquatic systems.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419309999-ga1.jpg" width="156" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 381〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Xiaolin Cai, Pengfei Wang, Zejiao Li, Yan Li, Naiyi Yin, Huili Du, Yanshan Cui〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Organic matter (OM) was proved to have a high affinity for arsenic (As) in the presence of ferric iron (Fe(III)), the formed ternary complex OM-Fe(III)-As(V) were frequently studied before; however, the mobilization and transformation of As from OM-Fe(III)-As(V) in the presence of As(V)-reducing bacteria remains unclear. Two different strains (〈em〉Desulfitobacterium〈/em〉 sp. DJ-3, 〈em〉Exiguobacterium〈/em〉 sp. DJ-4) were incubated with OM-Fe(III)-As(V) to assess the biotransformation of As and Fe. Results showed that 〈em〉Desulfitobacterium〈/em〉 sp. DJ-3 could substantially stimulate the reduction and release of OM-Fe complexed As(V) and resulted in notable As(III) release (30 mg/L). The linear combination fitting result of 〈em〉k〈sup〉3〈/sup〉〈/em〉-weighted As K-edge EXAFS spectra showed that 56% of OM-Fe-As(V) was transformed to OM-Fe-As(III) after 144 h. Besides, strain DJ-3 could also reduce OM complexed Fe(III), which lead to the decomposition of ternary complex and the release of 11.8 mg/g Fe(II), this microbial Fe(III) reduction process has resulted in 11% more As liberation from OM-Fe(III)-As(V) than without bacteria. In contrast, 〈em〉Exiguobacterium〈/em〉 sp. DJ-4 could only reduce free As(V) but cannot stimulate As release from the complex. Our study provides the first evidence for microbial As reduction and release from ternary complex OM-Fe(III)-As(V), which could be of great importance in As geochemical circulation.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S030438941930929X-ga1.jpg" width="351" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 381〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Lila Otero-González, Sergey V. Mikhalovsky, Miroslava Václavíková, Mikhail V. Trenikhin, Andrew B. Cundy, Irina N. Savina〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Novel macroporous iron oxide nanocomposite cryogels were synthesized and assessed as arsenite (As(III)) adsorbents. The two-step synthesis method, by which a porous nanonetwork of iron oxide is firstly formed, allowed a homogeneous dispersion of the iron oxide in the cryogel reaction mixture, regardless of the nature of the co-polymer forming the cryogel structure. The cryogels showed excellent mechanical properties, especially the acrylamide-based cryogel. This gel showed the highest As(III) adsorption capacity, with the maximum value estimated at 118 mg/g using the Langmuir model. The immobilization of the nanostructured iron oxide gel into the cryogel matrix resulted in slower adsorption kinetics, however the cryogels offer the advantage of a stable three-dimensional structure that impedes the release of the iron oxide nanoparticles into the treated effluent. A preliminary toxicity evaluation of the cryogels did not indicate any apparent inhibition of human hepatic cells activity, which together with their mechanical stability and high adsorption capacity for As(III) make them excellent materials for the development of nanoparticle based adsorption devices for drinking water treatment.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419309501-ga1.jpg" width="500" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 381〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Xiao Zhang, Qiqi Shi, Boxiong Shen, Zhenzhong Hu, Xiaoqi Zhang〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉A novel magnetic composite catalyst of MnOx loaded on MIL-100(Fe) was prepared for the removal of Hg〈sup〉0〈/sup〉 from flue gas, 〈em〉via〈/em〉 incipient wetness impregnation followed with calcination at 300 °C. The MIL-100(Fe) supported catalyst showed greater capacity of Hg〈sup〉0〈/sup〉 adsorption and oxidation than Fe〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 supported catalyst at all test temperatures, showing Hg〈sup〉0〈/sup〉 removal efficiency of 77.4% at 250 °C with high GHSV of 18,000 h〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉. Besides the merit of high BET surface area and developed porous, the ultra-highly dispersed and homogeneous Fe sites on MIL(Fe) significantly promoted Hg〈sup〉0〈/sup〉 adsorption and oxidation 〈em〉via〈/em〉 the synergy effect with MnOx. Furthermore, the catalyst exhibited magnetic property, which allowed easy separation of the catalyst from fly ash with a recovery of 104%. SO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉, H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O and NH〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 in flue gas were proved inhibited Hg〈sup〉0〈/sup〉 removal 〈em〉via〈/em〉 different mechanisms. SO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 and H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O competed and desorbed Hg〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 on the surface of catalyst, while NH〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 was more likely to compete adsorption sites with Hg〈sup〉0〈/sup〉.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419309574-ga1.jpg" width="500" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 381〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Qi Wang, Pinghua Chen, Xiong Zeng, Hualin Jiang, Feifan Meng, Xueqin Li, Tao Wang, Guisheng Zeng, Lingling Liu, Hongying Shu, Xubiao Luo〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉A nanocomposite of (ZrO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉-Al〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉)/GO was successfully synthesized by a simple sonochemical method in this study. A special 3D network was formed in (ZrO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉-Al〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉)/GO, which produced a large surface area and good distribution of metal oxide nanoparticles. The as-synthesized (ZrO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉-Al〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉)/GO exhibits a maximum fluoride adsorption capacity of 62.2 mg/g, and an adsorption ability of 13.80 mg/g when the F〈sup〉−〈/sup〉 equilibrium concentration is 1 mg/L, both of which are higher than most previously reported defluoridation adsorbents, indicating that it is among the top adsorbents. Large amounts of drinking water contaminated by F〈sup〉−〈/sup〉 can be treated by (ZrO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉-Al〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉)/GO to meet the WHO limit, indicating the high potential for practical application of the adsorbent. Based on the experimental analysis, the origin of the high defluoridation performance and the adsorption mechanism were discussed in detail. Due to the simple preparation, easy operation and high performance, the adsorbent and the related sonochemical method are considered to be significant for developing highly effective adsorbents.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419309070-ga1.jpg" width="366" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 381〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Zhe Yang, Changxiang Wang, Danqing Liu, Sen Yang, Yumei Li, Yu Ning, Yangyang Zhang, Ye Tang, Wei Zhang, Yilian Li〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Uranium-enriched coal ash (CA) receives a significant attention as a supplementary nuclear resource also due to its potential environmental risk. Combining with CA, the changing trend of uranium occurrence in synthetic coal ash (SCA) was described at CaO-Al〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉-Fe〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 ternary phase diagrams with a fixed SiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 (wt. %, 30%, 50% and 70%) and Na〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O (2%) content. This study reveals that the mode of uranium occurrence proposes a three-stage changing process during coal combustion including uranium oxidation, combination and encapsulation. Furthermore, a high frequency of encapsulated uranium resulted from the complicated interactions among major components with a medium SiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 content, whereas the degree was higher at a higher SiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉, resulting in the decrease of uranium mobility. Uranium was encapsulated by Si-Al matrix and Fe-Si depletion if provided the high Al〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 and Fe〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 but low CaO contents. However, with the development of calcium looping and biomass co-firing process, the change of element mobility should be considered in industry owing to the extra-added alkaline metals. As the activation of Ca〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 induces a significant susceptibility of acid attack, cautions must be paid in CA with a higher Ca/Si ratio to avoid its utilization as constructive materials for the potential environmental risk.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419309318-ga1.jpg" width="314" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 381〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Mohamed E. Mahmoud, Mohamed F. Amira, Seleim M. Seleim, Asmaa K. Mohamed〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this work, the –NH〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 functional group via 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) was selected to anchor onto the pore surface of magnetic metal organic framework using microwave green chemical process. The prepared nanocomposite was investigated for potential and fast removal of cationic Cd(II), Pb(II) as well as anionic Cr(VI) species via batch adsorption. Six kinetics models were applied in order to examine the adsorption mechanisms; the obtained data confirmed that the investigated metal ions followed the 〈em〉pseudo〈/em〉-second order model. The adsorption processes were fitted to the Langmuir model and the maximum adsorption capacities of cadmium (II), lead (II) and chromium (VI) ions were 693.0, 536.22 and 1092.22 mg g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉. In addition, thermodynamic study confirmed the endothermic and spontaneous adsorption reactions. The nFe〈sub〉3〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉@MIL-88A(Fe)/APTMS was easily regenerated and the adsorptive removal values were decreased by only 3% after five consecutive recycling processes. The recovery values from tap water, sea water and wastewater were identified as Cd(II) (98.49, 96.22 and 94.73), Pb(II) (96.88, 93.31 and 91.81) and Cr(VI) (99.69, 98.01 and 95.46), respectively.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈p〉The proposed structure of nFe〈sub〉3〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉@MIL-88A(Fe)/APTMS.〈/p〉 〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419309331-ga1.jpg" width="199" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 381〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yuwei Ye, Dongping Yang, Hao Chen, Shengda Guo, Qiumin Yang, Liyong Chen, Haichao Zhao, Liping Wang〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Novel N-doped carbon dots (CDs) were obtained through pyrolysis of ammonium citrate at 180 °C for 1, 2 and 3 h, and their corrosion inhibition effect on Q235 steel in 1 M HCl solution were evaluated through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (Tafel), scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET) analysis. The changes of corrosion current density and impedance modulus of Q235 steel in inhibitor solutions showed that the as-prepared carbon dots presented a valid protective effect on steel in 1 M HCl solution. Meanwhile, the inhibition efficiency of three carbon dots exceeded 90% at 200 mg/L and the highest inhibitive efficiency was found for the carbon dots prepared at the reaction time of 2 h. The adsorption mechanism of all as-prepared carbon dots complied with the Langmuir adsorption model, containing chemical and physical adsorptions, which was also confirmed by X-ray photoelectronic spectroscopy (XPS) analysis.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419309732-ga1.jpg" width="334" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 381〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Qingming Song, Lingen Zhang, Zhenming Xu〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Since indium (In) was the most valuable resource in waste liquid crystal panels (LCDs), most researches only focused on preliminary recovery of In, while those coexisting metal elements (Cu, Sn, Al) raised little concern. This could lead to waste of resources, potential risk of heavy metal pollution, and also complexation of following In purification procedures. Besides, current hydrometallurgy processes for In purification are complicated, consume more reagents and generate more wastewater. Therefore, this research applied simple acid leaching and two-step electrodeposition for In-Sn and In-Cu-Al separation with minimum waste generation and input. Considering the special doping structure of indium-tin oxide (ITO), feasibility for concurrent In leaching and Sn precipitation was explored based on the unique Sn species’ dissolution and precipitation behavior during acid leaching. Since the behavior of Sn was more sensitive to acidity and temperature, 97.07% of Sn removal and 99.25% of In recovery could be achieved using 1 mol/L H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉SO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 at 70 ℃ for 1 h. A specific kinetic model depicting In leaching in thin ITO film situation was developed referring to avrami equation. Then, the application of two-step electrodeposition enabled 95.32% extraction of Cu and deposition of In with a purity over 99 wt% at respective potential.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419309276-ga1.jpg" width="475" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 381〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Sepideh Mahjouri, Morteza Kosari-Nasab, Elham Mohajel Kazemi, Baharak Divband, Ali Movafeghi〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉SnO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 nanoparticles (NPs) are promising materials for electrochemical, catalytic, and biomedical applications due to their high photosensitivity, suitable stability characteristics, wide band gap energy potential, and low cost. Doping SnO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 NPs with metallic elements such as Ag has been used to improve their efficiency. Despite their commercial importance, the current literature lacks investigations to determine their toxic effects on plant systems. In this study, SnO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 and Ag/SnO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 NPs were synthesized using polymer pyrolysis method and characterized by means of XRD, TEM, SEM, EDX, and DLS techniques. Subsequently, the toxicity of the synthesized NPs on cell viability, cell proliferation, and a number of oxidative stress markers were measured in tobacco cell cultures. SnO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 and Ag/SnO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 NPs were found to be polygonal in shape with the size range of 10–30 nm. Both NPs induced cytotoxicity by reducing the cell viability and cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the generation of H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉, phenolics, flavonoids, and increased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) were observed. According to the results, Ag-doping played a key role in the induction of toxicity in tobacco cell cultures. The obtained results confirmed that SnO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 and Ag/SnO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 NPs induced cytotoxicity in tobacco cells through oxidative stress.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419309665-ga1.jpg" width="500" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 381〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Deliang Yin, Yongmin Wang, Yuping Xiang, Qinqin Xu, Qing Xie, Cheng Zhang, Jiang Liu, Dingyong Wang〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Water-level-fluctuating zone (WLFZ) is a prevalent water-land ecotone favorable for mercury (Hg) methylation. The succession of flooding tolerance plants in WLFZ gradually changes the landscape, and also brings a new question worth understanding whether these plants would enhance methylmercury (MeHg) production in WLFZ and increase risks to the aquatic environment. Given bermudagrass (〈em〉Cynodon dactylon (L). Pers〈/em〉) as the dominant perennial herb with high flooding-tolerance in WLFZ of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), we conducted a comprehensive study to investigate its roles in the production and migration of MeHg in WLFZ by field observations and stable isotope tracer experiments. Results showed that both elevated MeHg levels and Hg methylation rates appeared in soil/sediment in bermudagrass growing area, implying that the growth of bermudagrass could significantly enhance MeHg production. However, MeHg migration from sediment to water was restricted during the flooding period of the TGR, as obviously higher partitioning coefficients of MeHg between the sediment and porewater (〈em〉p〈/em〉 〈  0.05) and lower MeHg release fluxes were observed in vegetated area, indicating that the presence of bermudagrass instead probably decreased the water MeHg level. Whereas, it is noteworthy that elevated MeHg in soil/sediment induced by the bermudagrass could pose potential risks to the benthos and further to the TGR food chain.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419309161-ga1.jpg" width="500" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 381〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Wei Gao, Wen Ni, Yuying Zhang, Yunyun Li, Tengyu Shi, Zifu Li〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The leaching characteristics of metallurgical slag-based binders (MSB) solidified/stabilized tailings containing arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb), were investigated via a series of semi-dynamic leaching tests using three kinds of leachant, for the simulation of actual leaching conditions. The effectiveness of solidification/stabilization (S/S) treatment was evaluated by measuring the observed diffusion coefficients (D〈sub〉obs〈/sub〉). It was found that MSB efficiently prevented As and Sb leaching, providing D〈sub〉obs〈/sub〉 values in the range of 10〈sup〉−15〈/sup〉 to 10〈sup〉−13〈/sup〉 cm〈sup〉2〈/sup〉/s and 10〈sup〉−11〈/sup〉 to 10〈sup〉−9〈/sup〉 cm〈sup〉2〈/sup〉/s, respectively, with the exception that the leaching mechanism of As was dissolution rather than diffusion under acetic acid leaching conditions. Physical encapsulation was found to be the dominant mechanism for Sb immobilization, while the dominant mechanism of As immobilization was precipitation in the monolithic MSB S/S treated tailings (MST). Results showed that the concentrations of leached As, Sb, Ca and Si, were affected by leachant pH and total acidity as well as the MSB constituent ratio. The effect of these parameters may be attributed to the stability of hydration products and their influence on the buffering capacity and structure of matrices, and the leachant pH and total acidity having the greatest influence on leaching characteristics.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 381〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Guoliang Li, Xiaobing Zhang, Jianqiang Sun, Anping Zhang, Chunyang Liao〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉A novel unique adsorbent (Fe〈sub〉3〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉@Co/Ni-LDH) has been successfully synthesized and applied for removal of bisphenols (BPs) from aqueous solution. The prepared adsorbent was characterized to appear in a hierarchical rattle-like structure, and possesses high specific surface area, abundant pore system, and magnetic properties. Adsorption kinetics fitted well with the pseudo-second-order model. Adsorption isotherms abide by the Langmuir model, and the maximum adsorption capacity for bisphenol A (BPA), F (BPF), AF (BPAF) and S (BPS) on Fe〈sub〉3〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉@Co/Ni-LDH at pH of 7.0 were 238.96, 177.09, 320.56 and 345.84 mg/g, respectively. Moreover, it was found that the high pH and NaCl concentration were not conducive to the removal of BPs. The humic acid and real waters had no significant effects on the removal of BPs on Fe〈sub〉3〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉@Co/Ni-LDH. Furthermore, the FT-IR spectra indicated that the removal of four BPs were primarily Hydrogen bond interaction between BPs and Fe〈sub〉3〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉@Co/Ni-LDH. The Fe〈sub〉3〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉@Co/Ni-LDH was regenerated effectively by methanol and can be repeatedly used. This novel Fe〈sub〉3〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉@Co/Ni-LDH can be applied as a promising adsorbent for removal of BPs from aqueous matrices.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419309392-ga1.jpg" width="378" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 382〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Kai Zhang, Zheng-hua Zhang, Hao Wang, Xiao-mao Wang, Xi-hui Zhang, Yuefeng F. Xie〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this study, we proposed to apply an integrated process which is comprised of 〈em〉in situ〈/em〉 ozonation, ceramic membrane filtration (CMF) and biologically active carbon (BAC) filtration to wastewater reclamation for indirect potable reuse purpose. A pilot-scale (20 m〈sup〉3〈/sup〉/d) experiment had been run for ten months to validate the prospect of the process in terms of treatment performance and operational stability. Results showed that the 〈em〉in situ〈/em〉 O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 + CMF + BAC process performed well in pollutant removal, with chemical oxygen demand, ammonia, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus and turbidity levels in the treated water being 5.1 ± 0.9, 0.05 ± 0.01, 10.5 ± 0.8, 〈0.06 mg/L, and 〈0.10 NTU, respectively. Most detected trace organic compounds were degraded by〉96%. This study demonstrated that synergistic effects existed in the 〈em〉in situ〈/em〉 O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 + CMF + BAC process. Compared to pre-ozonation, 〈em〉in situ〈/em〉 ozonation in the membrane tank was more effective in controlling membrane fouling (maintaining operational stability) and in degrading organic pollutants, which could be attributed to the higher residual ozone concentration in the tank. Because of the removal of particulate matter by CMF, water head loss of the BAC filter increased slowly and prolonged the backwashing interval to 30 days. BAC filtration was also effective in removing ammonia and 〈em〉N-〈/em〉nitrosodimethylamine from the ozonated water.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419310453-ga1.jpg" width="330" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 382〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Qian Xiang, Dong Zhu, Madeline Giles, Roy Neilson, Xiao-Ru Yang, Min Qiao, Qing-Lin Chen〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The plant microbiome represents a crucial pathway for human exposure to environmental antibiotic resistance. However, little information is available regarding the plant associated resistome in human-related environments at a larger scale. Here, by high-throughput quantitative-PCR chip-based array and amplicon sequencing, we characterized antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and bacterial communities in plant and soil microbiomes from human highly disturbed peri-urban farmland and less disturbed forest at a watershed scale. A total of 71 ARGs were detected in the phyllosphere, which covered almost all the major recognized classes of antibiotics that are administered commonly to humans and animals. The overall pattern of the plant associated resistome in intensive anthropogenic influenced farmland was significantly different from that of forest environments (PERMANOVA, 〈em〉P〈/em〉 〈 0.01), indicating that agricultural activities might be important drivers in shaping the plant resistome. A bipartite network analysis suggested that all ARGs detected in the plant microbiome were also present in the soil microbiome. Together, our findings provide a better understanding of the plant resistome and suggest that land use is a key contributor to the composition of ARG profiles in the plant phyllosphere, and that the soil resistome may represent a critical reservoir of plant associated ARGs.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419310222-ga1.jpg" width="349" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 382〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Pathan Mohsin Khan, Diego Baderna, Anna Lombardo, Kunal Roy, Emilio Benfenati〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉We have reported here a quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) model for prediction of air half-life of organic chemicals using a dataset of 302 diverse organic chemicals employing only two-dimensional descriptors with definite physicochemical meaning in order to avoid the computational complexity for higher dimensional molecular descriptors. The developed model was rigorously validated using the internationally accepted internal and external validation metrics. The final partial least squares (PLS) regression model obtained at three latent variables comprises six simple and interpretable 2D descriptors. The simple and highly robust model with good quality of predictions explains 66% for the variance of the training set (R〈sup〉2〈/sup〉) (64% in terms of LOO variance (Q〈sup〉2〈/sup〉)) and 76% for test set variance (R〈sup〉2〈/sup〉〈sub〉pred〈/sub〉) (prediction quality). This model might be applicable for data gap filling for determination of POPs in the environment, in case of new or untested chemicals falling within the applicability domain of the model. In general, the model indicates that the air half-life of organic chemicals increases with presence of H-bond acceptor atoms, number of halogen atoms and presence of the R—CH-X fragment and lipophilicity, and decreases with presence of a number of halogens on ring C(sp3) (substitution of halogen atoms on a ring).〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 382〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jian Hua Wang, Yao Ming Liu, Zhen Ming Dong, Jian Bin Chao, Hui Wang, Yu Wang, ShaoMin Shuang〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉We report a new 7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1, 3-diazolyl (NBD)-based chemosensor containing a piperazine derivative, NBDP, for detection of mercury ions in almost 100% aqueous medium. The chemosensor shows sensing exclusively toward Hg〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 with a switch-on fluorescence response at 543 nm, which could be attributed to the blocking of PET (photo-induced electron transfer) process upon complexation with mercury ions. The molar ratio of Hg(Ⅱ) to NBDP in the complex is 1:1 based on the Job’s plot and HRMS studies. Optimized configurations of NBDP and NBDP-Hg〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 complexes were simulated by means of DFT calculations. The reversible fluorescence response with low detection limit (19.2 nM) in the pH range of 6.0–7.5 renders NBDP a promising candidate for Hg〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 detection in neutral aqueous environments. For the practical application of the chemosenso〈u〉r〈/u〉, test strips were successfully fabricated for rapid detection of Hg〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 ions. Moreover, the utility of NBDP showing the mercury recognition in Human liver cancer cells (SMMC-7721) and zebrafish as well as in live tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana has been demonstrated as monitored by fluorescence imaging.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419310106-ga1.jpg" width="413" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 382〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Gh. Eshaq, Shaobin Wang, Hongqi Sun, Mika Sillanpaa〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Porous FeVO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 nanorods decorated on CeO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 nanocubes (FeVO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉@CeO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉) were successfully prepared via a facile hydrothermal route and tested in the degradation of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) for enhanced heterogeneous oxidation using ultrasonic (US), ultraviolet (UV), and binary irradiation US/UV, respectively. The nanostructure of the core-shell FeVO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉@CeO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 was characterised using XRD, SEM, EDS elemental mapping, TEM, HRTEM, SAED, FTIR, Raman, BET, point of zero charge (PZC), XPS analysis and UV–vis DRS. The effect of various parameters, for examples, nanostructured core-shell amounts, hydrogen peroxide concentration, initial concentration, pH and irradiation time, on 4-NP degradation were investigated for the optimisation of the catalytic performance. The durability and stability of the core-shell nanostructured materials were also investigated and the obtained results revealed that the catalysts can endure the harsh sonophotocatalytic conditions even after six cycles. Mineralisation experiments were investigated using the optimised parameters. The core-shell nanostructured FeVO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉@CeO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 has higher PZC than pure FeVO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 and CeO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉, leading to excellent sonophotocatalytic activity even at high pH and stability for the degradation of 4-NP after six cycles. A possible mechanism over the FeVO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉@CeO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 was proposed based on the special three-way Fenton-like mechanism and the dissociation of H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 with the experiments of active species trapping and calculated band gap energy.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419310131-ga1.jpg" width="287" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 382〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Peyman Gholami, Alireza Khataee, Reza Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani, Laleh Dinpazhoh, Amit Bhatnagar〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The aim of the present study was to investigate the photocatalytic performance of biochar (BC)-incorporated Zn-Co-layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanostructures in gemifloxacin (GMF) degradation as a model pharmaceutical pollutant. The as-prepared Zn-Co-LDH@BC showed high photocatalytic efficiency due to the enhanced separation of photo-generated charge carriers using cobalt hydroxide as well as inhibiting the agglomeration of LDH nanostructures by incorporation of BC. According to the results, 92.7% of GMF was degraded through photocatalysis in the presence of Zn-Co-LDH catalyst. The photocatalytic performance of BC-incorporated Zn-Co-LDH was highly dependent on the solute concentration and photocatalyst dosage. The addition of ethanol caused more inhibiting effect than that of benzoquinone (BQ), indicating the major role of 〈sup〉•〈/sup〉OH in decomposition of GMF compared to the negligible role of O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉〈sup〉•−〈/sup〉. A greater enhancement in the photocatalytic degradation of GMF was obtained when the photoreactor containing Zn-Co-LDH@BC nanostructures was oxygenated. Less than 10% drop in the removal efficiency of GMF was observed within five successive operational runs. The results of chemical oxygen demand (COD) analysis indicated the COD removal efficiency of about 80% within 200 min, indicating the acceptable mineralization of GMF. The reaction pathways were also proposed for the photocatalytic conversion of GMF under UV light irradiation.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈p〉Heterogeneous photocatalysis using Zn-Co-LDH@BC nanocomposite for degradation of GMF.〈/p〉 〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419310246-ga1.jpg" width="267" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 381〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Bao Jian Zhan, Jiang-Shan Li, Dong Xing Xuan, Chi Sun Poon〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The textile industry produces a large amount of textile effluent sludge (TES). Many studies have explored the potential use of TES in cement-based materials. However, the physicochemical interactions between the TES and ordinary Portland cement (OPC) have rarely been studied. In this study, the effects of increasing dosage (0–20% by OPC) of TES on the performance of OPC-TES blends were investigated in terms of hydration progress, mechanical strength, microstructure evolution and metal leachability. The results showed that TES markedly delayed the OPC hydration at the early age, and increasing dosages of TES decreased the portlandite content at 7 and 28 days’ age. Compared to the reference, the OPC-TES mortar exhibited seriously degraded mechanical strength; when using 20% TES, the decrease in compressive and flexural strength reached up to 71% and 42% respectively at the age of 28 days. Scanning electron microcopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry found the inclusion of TES introduced more weak interfaces in the cement mortar, thus increased the total porosity especially the macropores. But leachability tests revealed all the toxic metals in the TES were stabilized after the incorporation of OPC and exhibited very low metal mobility in the OPC-TES mortar, which posed no environmental risk.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 381〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Huanxian Shi, Jun Fan, Yanyan Zhao, Xiaoyun Hu, Xu Zhang, Zhishu Tang〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Here, a novel CuBi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉/Bi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉MoO〈sub〉6〈/sub〉 (CBO/BMO) p-n heterojunction was fabricated and exhibited markedly improved photocatalytic inactivation capacity of 〈em〉E. coli〈/em〉 cells under visible light excitation (λ 〉 420 nm) compared with pure CuBi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 and Bi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉MoO〈sub〉6〈/sub〉. The CBO/BMO-0.5 hybrid displayed the highest photoinactivation ability which could completely inactivate the 〈em〉E. coli〈/em〉 cellswithin 4 h. The mechanism of photocatalytic disinfection towards 〈em〉E. coli〈/em〉 of CBO/BMO heterojunctions was attributed to the disruption of cell-membrane, leakage and damage of cellular content including total protein and DNA as verified with SEM, fluorescence-base dead/live stain, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electropheresis (SDS-PAGE) and agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE). Additionally, the scavenge experiments showed that the reactive species h〈sup〉+〈/sup〉, e〈sup〉−〈/sup〉 and •O〈sub〉2〈sup〉−〈/sup〉〈/sub〉play the predominant role in the photocatalytic system of CBO/BMO hybrids. The improved photocatalytic activity of CBO/BMO composites was mainly attributed to the promotion of spatial separation and migration rate of photoproduced electron-hole pairs, enhancement of visible light absorption and more generation of reactive species (•O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉) on the interface of catalyst and water which was demonstrated by nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) and EPR. Our work indicated that construction of CuBi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉/Bi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉MoO〈sub〉6〈/sub〉 p-n heterostructure photocatalyst is a promising environmental friendly alternative method to deal with the biohazards of pathogenic microorganisms.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419309604-ga1.jpg" width="338" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 381〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Doina Humelnicu, Maria Marinela Lazar, Maria Ignat, Ionel Adrian Dinu, Ecaterina Stela Dragan, Maria Valentina Dinu〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Copper, nickel, zinc, chromium, and iron ions are the prevailing contaminants in the aqueous effluents resulting from the photo-etching industry. In this context, we investigate here the metal ion sorption performance of an ion-imprinted cryogel (IIC), consisting of low-cost materials coming from renewable resources, towards multi-component metal ion solutions. The IIC sorbent, which is based on a chitosan matrix embedding a natural zeolite, was synthesized using a straightforward strategy by coupling copper-imprinting and unidirectional ice-templating methods. As consequence, the 1D-orientation and the interconnectivity of flow-channels sustain the fast metal ion diffusion within the IIC anisotropic structure. The removal efficiency of IIC sorbent reached 50% after 30 min, and the sorption equilibrium was attained within 150 min. For assessing the successful formation of imprinted cavities with well-defined sizes controlled by the radius of copper ions used as template, selectivity studies were performed on binary, ternary, and five-component synthetic mixtures. The efficiency of IIC as sorbent was further evaluated on real-life aqueous effluents discharged from photo-etching processes; thus, an IIC dosage of 6 g L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 was found to remove 98.89% of Cu〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉, 94.56% of Fe〈sup〉3+〈/sup〉, 91.67% of Ni〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉, 92.24% of Zn〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉, and 82.76% of Cr〈sup〉3+〈/sup〉 ions from this type of industrial wastewaters.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 381〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Meng Li, Jiaping Zhu, Hua Fang, Mengcen Wang, Qiangwei Wang, Bingsheng Zhou〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Despite the great concerns associated with the combined biological effects of nanoparticles and insecticides, the current understanding of the corresponding ecological risks remains limited. 〈em〉Xenopus laevis〈/em〉 (〈em〉X. laevis〈/em〉) tadpoles were exposed to various concentrations of typical pyrethroid (〈em〉cis〈/em〉-bifenthrin; 〈em〉cis〈/em〉-BF), either alone or in combination with graphene oxide (GO), for 21 days. The presence of GO resulted in increased bioconcentration of 〈em〉cis〈/em〉-BF and a higher 1S-enantiomer fraction. Exposure to 〈em〉cis〈/em〉-BF and GO caused further reduction in pre-metamorphic developmental rates and activated dopaminergic, noradrenergic, and serotonergic neurotransmitter systems. Reduced tadpole activity and levels of genomic DNA methylation at cytosine nucleotides (5hmC) were observed in the coexposure groups. These results indicate that GO enhance the bioconcentration of 〈em〉cis〈/em〉-BF and promote the conversion of its 1R-enantiomer to the 1S form, which lead to disruption of neurotransmitter systems as well as interference in metamorphic development.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419309495-ga1.jpg" width="500" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 381〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Tao Wang, Jun Liu, Yihuan Yang, Zifeng Sui, Yongsheng Zhang, Jiawei Wang, Wei-Ping Pan〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉A series of Mn-Ce/SAPO-34 catalysts were prepared to study the catalytic oxidisation of elemental mercury (Hg〈sup〉0〈/sup〉). Sulphur tolerance and SO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 formation over the catalyst were studied further. Hg〈sup〉0〈/sup〉 was transported by compressed air from PSA Cavkit. NO, SO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉, and NH〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 are standard gases, and H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O is produced by gas carrying. Mn could incorporate into the cerium oxide lattice to form capping oxygen and well-dispersed high valance manganese ions after the addition of Ce, which was conducive to NO removal and Hg〈sup〉0〈/sup〉 oxidisation. 9 Mn-9Ce showed the best performance regarding Hg〈sup〉0〈/sup〉 conversion, achieving more than 92% Hg〈sup〉0〈/sup〉 conversion efficiency at 50–300 °C. The sulphur resistance of the Mn-based catalyst was significantly improved after the addition of cerium due to the high affinity of Ce for SO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉, and the relative content of HgSO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 was exceeded 72% on the 9 Mn-9Ce catalyst with SO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉; SO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 formation over the 9 Mn-9Ce decreased by 17% compared with the 9 Mn. H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O not only reduced the available active site, but also decreased the oxidation rate of SO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉. The active sites were preferentially occupied by NH〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 rather than Hg〈sup〉0〈/sup〉 and SO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉, generated NH〈sub〉4〈/sub〉〈sup〉+〈/sup〉 occupied cation vacancies. Therefore, both H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O and NH〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 have inhibitory effects on Hg〈sup〉0〈/sup〉 conversion and SO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 formation.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419309409-ga1.jpg" width="317" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 381〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Mohammad A.H. Badsha, Irene M.C. Lo〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉A novel magnetic anionic hydrogel (nFeMAH), synthesized via a facile method, was characterized by XRD, VSM, SEM, TEM, FTIR, XPS, and ζ-potential measurement. Over the tested range of pH 2 to 12, the surface of the nFeMAH was permanently negative with a ζ-potential of −35 to −45 mV. The adsorption kinetics and capacity of nFeMAH were studied. Within 60 min, equilibrium was achieved with maximum adsorption capacities of 102 mg Cu(II)/g and 93 mg Ni(II)/g. The pseudo-second-order kinetics model was well-matched with the experimental data, whereas the Langmuir isotherm model agreed well with the isotherm data. The magnetic separation efficiency of nFeMAH remained above 90% after 20 cycles of adsorption-desorption, whereas the Ni(II) removal efficiency dropped from 92 to about 75% after the first cycle. The magnetic separation efficiency of nFeMAH was consistently high (99%). The major mechanism of metal removal by nFeMAH was ion exchange but there also was evidence for formation of metal oxides. Therefore, the application of nFeMAH for treating electroplating wastewater can be a desirable option when considering its superior performance in the adsorptive treatment, i.e., pH insensitivity, fast adsorption kinetics, high reusability, and consistency in magnetic separation.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419309549-ga1.jpg" width="371" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 381〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jian Mei, Chang Wang, Lingnan Kong, Pengxiang Sun, Qixing Hu, Hui Zhao, Yongfu Guo, Shijian Yang〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Except for the dangerous Boliden-Norzink technology, recovering gaseous Hg〈sup〉0〈/sup〉 as liquid Hg〈sup〉0〈/sup〉 using recyclable sorbents was an achievable method to control Hg〈sup〉0〈/sup〉 emissions from smelting flue gas. In this study, Ti was incorporated into sulfurated γ-Fe〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 to improve its performance for capturing Hg〈sup〉0〈/sup〉 from smelting flue gas, and the mechanism of Ti incorporation on Hg〈sup〉0〈/sup〉 adsorption onto sulfurated γ-Fe〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 was investigated by comparing the kinetic parameters. The kinetic analysis showed that the Hg〈sup〉0〈/sup〉 adsorption rate primarily depended on the amounts of surface adsorption sites for the physical adsorption of Hg〈sup〉0〈/sup〉 and surface S〈sub〉2〈/sub〉〈sup〉2−〈/sup〉 for Hg〈sup〉0〈/sup〉 oxidation. Since the amounts of both adsorption sites and S〈sub〉2〈/sub〉〈sup〉2−〈/sup〉 on sulfurated γ-Fe〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 increased remarkably after Ti incorporation, Hg〈sup〉0〈/sup〉 adsorption onto sulfurated γ-Fe〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 was notably improved by 190–350%. The capacity of sulfurated Fe-Ti spinel for Hg〈sup〉0〈/sup〉 capture could reach 48.6 mg g〈sup〉-1〈/sup〉 and its average adsorption rate could reach 43.3 μg g〈sup〉-1〈/sup〉 min〈sup〉-1〈/sup〉 in 3 h. Meanwhile, the used sulfurated Fe-Ti spinel could be easily regenerated without any apparent degradation. Thus, sulfurated Fe-Ti spinel offered a significant advantage in recovering Hg〈sup〉0〈/sup〉 from smelting flue gas.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419309215-ga1.jpg" width="257" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 381〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Zheng Lian, Qi Zhang〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Fragmention is a principal factor for casualties in an indoor fuel gas explosion. This paper presents a predictive method for the spatial distribution of hazardous fragments and areas. The motion parameters of fragments in indoor explosions were obtained by a combination of fluid and structural dynamic analysis. Then the spatial distribution of falling points was obtained by solving the motion equation of fragments. Indoor obstacle is an important factor affecting the hazard of indoor explosions. In the case of a vented brick room measuring 4.6 m × 4.6 m × 3 m, with the ratio of obstacle volume to gas volume increasing from 0.24 to 0.36, the maximum launch distance increased from 6.18 m to 18.78 m, expanded to 3.04 times. The fragment hazards in indoor explosions of methane, hydrogen and LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) with the same condition were compared. The hazard distance of hydrogen explosion is the largest, which is 3.11 times as wide as that of methane.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 381〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Chun Zhao, Zhenzhu Liao, Wen Liu, Fuyang Liu, Jiangyu Ye, Jialiang Liang, Yunyi Li〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉A novel tubular graphitic carbon nitride (g-C〈sub〉3〈/sub〉N〈sub〉4〈/sub〉) modified with carbon quantum dots (CQDs) was fabricated and employed for the elimination of carbamazepine (CBZ) under visible light irradiation. The as-fabricated metal-free catalysts exhibited tubular morphologies due to the preforming of tubular protonated melamine with CQDs surface adsorption as the polymerization precursors. The surface bonded CQDs did not alter the band gap structure of g-C〈sub〉3〈/sub〉N〈sub〉4〈/sub〉, but greatly inhibited the charge recombination. Therefore, the CBZ degradation kinetics of tubular g-C〈sub〉3〈/sub〉N〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 were increased by over 5 times by the incorporation of CQDs. The main active species for CBZ degradation were found to be superoxide radical (〈sup〉〈img src="https://sdfestaticassets-eu-west-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/16/entities/rad"〉〈/sup〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉) and photo-generated holes (〈em〉h〈sup〉+〈/sup〉〈/em〉), which were further confirmed by electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis. In addition, the degradation pathways of CBZ were clarified via intermediates identification and quantum chemical computation using density functional theory (DFT) and wave function analysis. The olefinic double bond with the highest condensed Fukui index (〈em〉f〈/em〉 〈sup〉0〈/sup〉 = 0.108) in CBZ molecule was found to be the most preferable sites for radical attack. Moreover, good stability of the as-prepared photocatalysts was observed in the consecutive recycling cycles, while the slight decline of photocatalytic activity was attributed to the minimal surface oxidation.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419309100-ga1.jpg" width="324" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 381〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jang Sen Chang, Jennifer Strunk, Meng Nan Chong, Phaik Eong Poh, Joey D. Ocon〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉While bulk zinc oxide (ZnO) is of non-toxic in nature, ZnO nanoarchitectures could potentially induce the macroscopic characteristics of oxidative, lethality and toxicity in the water environment. Here we report a systematic study through state-of-the-art controllable synthesis of multi-dimensional ZnO nanoarchitectures (i.e. 0D-nanoparticle, 1D-nanorod, 2D-nanosheet, and 3D-nanoflowers), and subsequent in-depth understanding on the fundamental factor that determines their photoactivities. The photoactivities of resultant ZnO nanoarchitectures were interpreted in terms of the photodegradation of salicylic acid as well as inactivation of 〈em〉Bacillus subtilis〈/em〉 and 〈em〉Escherichia coli〈/em〉 under UV-A irradiation. Photodegradation results showed that 1D-ZnO nanorods demonstrated the highest salicylic acid photodegradation efficiency (99.4%) with a rate constant of 0.0364 min〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉. 1D-ZnO nanorods also exhibited the highest log reductions of 〈em〉B. subtilis〈/em〉 and 〈em〉E. coli〈/em〉 of 3.5 and 4.2, respectively. Through physicochemical properties standardisation, an intermittent higher 〈em〉k〈/em〉 value for pore diameter (0.00097 min〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 per mm), the highest 〈em〉k〈/em〉 values for crystallite size (0.00171 min〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 per nm) and specific surface area (0.00339 min〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 per m〈sup〉2〈/sup〉/g) contributed to the exceptional photodegradation performance of nanorods. Whereas, the average normalised log reduction against the physicochemical properties of nanorods (i.e. low crystallite size, high specific surface area and pore diameter) caused the strongest bactericidal effect.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419309112-ga1.jpg" width="500" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 381〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Caterina Picuno, Ayah Alassali, Michel Sundermann, Zoe Godosi, Pietro Picuno, Kerstin Kuchta〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Agrochemical containers shall undergo decontamination before being considered for recycling. This study provides an assessment on the feasibility of the triple-rinsing decontamination procedure, while evaluating the appropriateness of the material’s quality for recycling. To achieve the objectives of the study, (1) the effectiveness of the decontamination procedure was investigated; (2) containers´ long storage times and changes on the polymer´s structure were assessed; and (3) the quality of the recycled material was tested. Results showed that the triple-rinsing procedure was ineffective for the container´s complete decontamination, yet a further washing step – performed during the simulation of the recycling process – allowed for an improved degree of decontamination for recycling. Photo-oxidation imposed significant changes on the chemical structure of the polymer, where the active ingredient could be detected by FTIR, even after the application of rinsing and extraction. The chemical structure of the bulk material has not changed, indicating that the pesticide mobilization was only confined to the surface. The mechanical tests showed material quality appropriateness, where tensile strength values were within the suggested ranges, providing a possibility for further utilization of this material when appropriate decontamination is applied.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419309197-ga1.jpg" width="353" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 381〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Xiaojing Zhu, Larissa Dsikowitzky, Mathias Ricking, Jan Schwarzbauer〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Anthropogenic organohalogens (AOHs) are toxic and persistent pollutants that occur ubiquitously in the environment. An unneglectable portion of them can convert into nonextractable residues (NER) in the natural solid substances. NER-AOHs are not detectable by conventional solvent-extraction, and will get remobilized through changes of surrounding environment. Consequently, the formation and fate of NER-AOHs should be investigated comprehensively. In this study, solvent extraction, sequential chemical degradation and thermochemolysis were applied on different sample matrices (sediments, soils and groundwater sludge, collected from industrial areas) to release extractable and nonextractable AOHs. Covalent linkages were observed most favorable for the hydrophilic-group-containing monocyclic aromatic AOHs (HiMcAr-AOHs) (e.g. halogenated phenols, benzoic acids and anilines) incorporating into the natural organic matter (NOM) as NER. Physical entrapment mainly contributed to the NER formation of hydrophobic monocyclic aromatic AOHs (HoMcAr-AOHs) and polycyclic aromatic AOHs (PcAr-AOHs). The hypothesized remobilization potential of these NER-AOHs follow the order HiMcAr-AOHs 〉 HoMcAr-AOHs/ aliphatic AOHs 〉 PcAr-AOHs. In addition, the NOM macromolecular structures of the studied samples were analyzed. Based on the derived results, a conceptual model of the formation mechanisms of NER-AOHs is proposed. This model provides basic molecular insights that are of high value for risk assessment and remediation of AOHs.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419309124-ga1.jpg" width="353" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 381〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): R.A. Geioushy, S.M. El-Sheikh, Ahmed B. Azzam, Bahaa Ahmed Salah, Farida M. El-Dars〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉For the first time, a novel BiPO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉/Bi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉S〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 heterostructures with different morphologies have been fabricated through a facile and rapid one pot precipitation route followed by anion-exchange strategy for the photoreduction of toxic Cr(VI) to harmless Cr (III). The hybrid structures systematically investigated using XRD, FE-SEM, EDS, TEM, HRTEM, XPS, FT-IR, UV–vis DRS, and PL. Changing the solvent type has a significant role for controllable morphologies of BiPO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉/Bi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉S〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 hybrid as well as the catalytic activity. The BiPO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉/Bi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉S〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 hybrid synthesized in diethylene glycol (DEG) performed the highest reduction efficiency of Cr(VI) within 20 min, compared with pure hexagonal phase of BiPO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 under visible light. The rate constant for BiPO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉/Bi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉S〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 synthesized in DEG found to be 20.3 times larger than that for pure BiPO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉. In addition, the presence of tartaric acid as hole scavenger could enhance the Cr(VI) reduction efficiency to 97.9%. No significant decrease in the catalytic efficiency after recycling up to four cycles. This promising study could present a significant approach towards Cr(VI) photoreduction from water through the novel BiPO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉/Bi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉S〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 photocatalyst.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419309082-ga1.jpg" width="468" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 3 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Abdul Ghaffar Memon, Yunpeng Xing, Xiaohong Zhou, Ruoyu Wang, Lanhua Liu, Siyu Zeng, Miao He, Mei Ma〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Facile and ultrasensitive detection of Hg〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 in water environment remains challenging. Exonuclease III (Exo-III)-assisted target recycling is one of the most popular amplification strategies. Although the magnesium (II) ions are widely acting as cofactors of Exo-III, we recognized that Mg〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 cofactors would strongly disturb the charge distribution on citrate-stablized gold nanoparticles (in the general sense, unmodified AuNPs) surface, thus generate false positive colorimetric signals. To address this issue, we first put forward the view that the cobalt (II) ions can function as the Exo-III cofactor and successfully construct a novel label-free colorimetric aptasensor for facile and ultrasensitive detection of Hg〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 using Hg〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉-triggered Exo-III-assisted signal amplification and unmodified AuNPs as indicators. A hairpin-looped DNA probe was rationally designed with thymine-rich recognition termini and specifically recognized trace Hg〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 by a stable T–Hg〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉–T structure. A blue-to-red color change of AuNPs with the addition of Hg〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 provided the quantitative detection of Hg〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 with a limit of detection of 0.2 nM and a linear working range from 0.5 nM to 5.0 nM. The whole testing time for one assay was approximately 40 min. Real water samples, even containing Hg〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 at 1 nM, could be determined by the aptasensor with recovery rates from 97% to 103%.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S030438941930901X-ga1.jpg" width="301" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 381〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Liping Wang, Tengteng Huang, Guangpeng Yang, Changyu Lu, Feilong Dong, Yuliang Li, Weisheng Guan〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Z-scheme heterojunction can efficiently suppress the electron-holes recombination and promote the charges transfer rate, which result in the high photocatalytic performance. Herein, a flower-flake-sphere like CuBi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉/WO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 hybrid photocatalyst was fabricated via a precursor-guided hydrothermal method. The morphology, structure, composition, chemical and electronic properties of the as-prepared samples were systematically investigated by multiple techniques (XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TEM, XPS, UV–vis, BET, PL, ESR. etc.). Particularly, the 60 wt% CuBi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉/WO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 nanocomposite exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity for tetracycline (20 mg/L) degradation under simulated solar light irradiation. The rate constant was 0.0179 min〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉, which was almost 8 times and 4.5 times higher than that of bulk WO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 and CuBi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉, respectively. The experimental results confirmed that CuBi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 made a direct Z-scheme heterojunction by band alignment with WO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉, which are conducive to the efficient charges separation and prolonged carriers lifetime. According to the quenching experiments, •OH and •O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉- were testified to be the predominant active species. The electrons accumulated in the CuBi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 negative CB and the holes in the WO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 positive VB made significant contribution to the strong redox ability of the CuBi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉/WO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 nanocomposite. This work provides some deep insights into the design of band-alignment-based Z-scheme heterostuctures, which is also applicable to other catalytic system.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419309094-ga1.jpg" width="424" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 381〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Zhenyuan Bai, Qi Liu, Hongsen Zhang, Jingyuan Liu, Rongrong Chen, Jing Yu, Rumin Li, Peili Liu, Jun Wang〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉A major challenge of uranium extraction from seawater (UES) is to effectively block the biofouling without destroying the ecological balance, especially prevent the attachment of macroalgae on the surface of the adsorbent. Herein, a robust montmorillonite-polydopamine/polyacrylamide nanocomposite hydrogel is reported by a two-step method, including PDA intercalation MMT and further free radical polymerization with AM monomers. The interpenetrating structure of hydrogel lead to high water permeability with the swelling ratio of 51, which could fully facilitate the internal accessible sites exposure and increase the uranium diffusion. As a result, a high adsorption capacity of 44 mg g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 was achieved in lab-scale dynamic adsorption. Most importantly, the prepared anti-biofouling hydrogel adsorbents display excellent anti-adhesion ability towards Nitzschia after 8 days contact. The adsorption capacity of uranium can reach 2130 μg g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 in algae-contained simulated seawater. This hydrogel also exhibited a long service life of acceptable mechanical strength and adsorption capacity after at least 6 adsorption-desorption cycles. This new anti-biofouling nanocomposite hydrogel shows great potential as a new generation adsorbent for UES.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419309380-ga1.jpg" width="472" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 381〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Wei Yang, Hui Chen, Xuan Han, Shuai Ding, Ye Shan, Yangxian Liu〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this article, a magnetic cobalt-iron modified porous carbon derived from agricultural wastes by microwave and steam activation was developed to remove elemental mercury in coal-fired flue gas. The effects of operating parameters on Hg〈sup〉0〈/sup〉 capture were discussed. Reaction mechanism and regeneration performance were also studied. Results show that the activation of microwave and steam significantly improves the pore structure of the porous carbon. The ultrasound-assisted impregnation promotes the dispersion of cobalt oxides and iron oxides on the samples. The Co〈sub〉0.4〈/sub〉Fe〈sub〉12〈/sub〉/RSWU(500) sorbent exhibits highest Hg〈sup〉0〈/sup〉 removal efficiency at 130 °C. The characterization analysis shows that cobalt oxides and iron oxides are the main active components for Hg〈sup〉0〈/sup〉 removal. The XPS analysis suggests that the chemisorption oxygen and the lattice oxygen (derived from Co〈sup〉3+〈/sup〉/Co〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 and Fe〈sup〉3+〈/sup〉/Fe〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉) participate in the Hg〈sup〉0〈/sup〉 capture process. Moreover, the cobalt-iron mixed oxide modified porous carbon has a good regeneration performance, which is conductive to reduce the costs in the future application.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419309355-ga1.jpg" width="294" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 381〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Chonghe Xu, Shuying Shi, Xinqiang Wang, Haifeng Zhou, Lin Wang, Luyi Zhu, Guanghui Zhang, Dong Xu〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉SiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉-MgO hybrid fibers (SMHFs) were fabricated by one-step electrospinning process, characterized, and evaluated in heavy metal adsorption, for the first time. High-pressure steam (HPS) pretreated SMHFs showed high specific surface area (〈em〉S〈sub〉BET〈/sub〉〈/em〉) and large number of surface basic sites accompanied by the crystallization of MgO. The SMHFs showed high affinities for Pb(II) and Cu(II) with the distribution coefficients 〈em〉K〈/em〉〈sub〉d〈/sub〉〉100 L·g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 (when pH 〉 4). Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model described the experimental data well, and the maximum adsorption capacities of 787.9 and 493.0 mg·g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 for Pb(II) and Cu(II) at 298 K were the highest among those of reported SiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉-MgO adsorbents. Thermodynamics indicated SMHFs had the spontaneous and physicochemical adsorption nature. SMHFs kept good capacities in the presence of interfering substances and retained their reusability. The SMHFs with the superiority of high efficiency, low cost, easy preparation and environmentally benign, have promising applications in wastewater treatment and relative fields.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419309288-ga1.jpg" width="272" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 3 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ioanna Liatsou, Ioannis Pashalidis, Carsten Dosche〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The adsorption of Cu(II) ions by biochar fibres prior and after modification with 2-thiouracil on real and artificial samples has been studied by batch-type adsorption experiments, FTIR and XPS spectroscopy and competition reactions using U(VI) ions as competitor cations. The experimental data of the artificial samples clearly show that the modified material presents extraordinary higher affinity for Cu(II) ions even in the acidic pH range, the spectroscopic data indicate the formation of inner-sphere complexes and the competition reactions significantly higher selectivity of the 2-thiouracil modified biochar fibres for Cu(II). The 2-thiouracil-modified biochar fibres have been successfully applied to acid mine drainage (AMD) samples regarding the selective separation of Cu(II) ions from “real” samples. Regarding the desorption of copper from the biochar surface, although 100% copper recovery was achieved by eluting the metal ion using 1 M HNO3, the deterioration of the modified biochar fibers due to extensive 2-thiouracil release from the biochar surface limits the applicability of the present adsorbent in routine and large-scale applications.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419309033-ga1.jpg" width="301" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 381〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yukang Zhou, Qingping Zou, Mengjie Fan, Yuan Xu, Yingwen Chen〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that undergo long-distance migration and have strong biological toxicity are a great threat to the health of ecosystems. In this study, the biodegradation characteristics and combined effects of mixed PAHs in bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) were studied. The results showed that, compared with a mono-carbon source, low-molecular-weight PAHs (LMW PAHs)-naphthalene (NAP) served as the co-substrate to promote the degradation of phenanthrene (PHE) and pyrene (PYR). The maximum degradation rates of PHE and PYR were 89.20% and 51.40% at 0.2500 mg/L in NAP-PHE and NAP-PYR at the degradation time of 120 h, respectively. Intermediate products were also detected, which indicated that the appending of relatively LMW PAHs had different effects on the metabolism of high-molecular-weight PAHs (HMW PAHs). The microbe species under different substrates (NAP-B, PHE-B, PYR-B, NAP-PHE, NAP-PYR, PHE-PYR) are highly similar, although the structure of the microbial community changed on the anode in the BES. In this study, the degradation regularity of mixed PAHs in BES was studied and provided theoretical guidance for the effective co-degradation of PAHs in the environment.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419308982-ga1.jpg" width="242" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 381〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Bo Lin, Anthony Chun Yin Yuen, Ao Li, Yang Zhang, Timothy Bo Yuan Chen, Bin Yu, Eric Wai Ming Lee, Shuhua Peng, Wei Yang, Hong-Dian Lu, Qing Nian Chan, Guan Heng Yeoh, Chun H. Wang〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉MXene/chitosan nanocoating for flexible polyurethane foam (PUF) was prepared via layer-by-layer (LbL) approach. MXene (Ti〈sub〉3〈/sub〉C〈sub〉2〈/sub〉) ultra-thin nanosheets were obtained through etching process of Ti〈sub〉3〈/sub〉AlC〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 followed by exfoliation. The deposition of MXene/chitosan nanocoating was conducted by alternatingly immersing the PUF into a chitosan solution and a Ti〈sub〉3〈/sub〉C〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 aqueous dispersion, which resulted in different number of bilayers (BL) ranging from 2, 5 and 8. Owing to the utilization of ultra-thin Ti〈sub〉3〈/sub〉C〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 nanosheets, the weight gain was only 6.9% for 8 BL coating of PUF, which minimised the unfavourable impact on the intrinsic properties of PUF. The Ti〈sub〉3〈/sub〉C〈sub〉2〈/sub〉/chitosan coating significantly reduced the flammability and smoke releases of PUF. Compared with unmodified PUF, the 8 BL coating reduced the peak heat release rate by 57.2%, alongside with a 65.5% reduction in the total heat release. The 8 BL coating also showed outstanding smoke suppression ability with total smoke release decreased by 71.1% and peak smoke production rate reduced by 60.3%, respectively. The peak production of CO and CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 gases also decreased by 70.8% and 68.6%, respectively. Furthermore, an outstanding char formation performance of 37.2 wt.% residue was obtained for 8 BL coated PUF, indicating the excellent barrier and carbonization property of the hybrid coating.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419309057-ga1.jpg" width="414" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 381〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Cuiyuan Liang, Huiming Lin, Qian Wang, Erbin Shi, Shenghai Zhou, Feng Zhang, Fengyu Qu, Guangshan Zhu〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The removal and detection of soluble hydrazine is of importance due to its harm to soil and subterranean water, but challenging. Herein, we preferentially disposed a porous and redox active covalent-organic framework (DAAQ-TFP COF, denoted as DQ−COF) to simultaneously removal and detect hydrazine. Electroactive sites (anthraquinone units) can be intelligently incorporated into the channel walls/pores of COF. DQ−COF has high crystallinity and good thermal stability, and DQ−COF dropped onto nickel matrix (DQ−COF/Ni composite) still retains high surface area, characterized by PXRD, FT-IR, nitrogen adsorption and TGA. Subsequently, a detailed study of DQ−COF towards hydrazine uptake and detection potentials is explored. DQ−COF as adsorbent unfolds strong removal ability towards hydrazine, the maximum removal capacity of which is up to 1108 mg g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉, following Friedrich and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. Meanwhile, the DQ−COF supported on nickel renders attractive electrochemical properties, which is efficiently responsive to hydrazine at a part per billion (ppb) level, coupled with a wide linear range (0.5 ˜ 1223 μM), low detection limit (0.07 μM) and high anti-interference ability. There is no other COFs with such a favorable capability in synchronous removal and selective detection towards hydrazine, probably applying in superintending water quality and disposing wastewater.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419309379-ga1.jpg" width="500" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 381〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Di Wu, Weiyu Song, Lulu Chen, Xiaoguang Duan, Qing Xia, Xiaobin Fan, Yang Li, Fengbao Zhang, Wenchao Peng, Shaobin Wang〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Porous nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (NRGO) is successfully synthesized from graphene oxide via the combination of CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 activation and nitrogen doping with ammonia. The performances of the carbon materials are evaluated by catalytic activation of perroxymonosulfate (PMS) for phenol degradation. The effect of the treatment sequence of CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 activation and nitrogen doping on the catalytic activity of the derived product is investigated. The material obtained by CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 activation-nitrogen doping (P-NRGO) shows better activity than the one obtained from nitrogen doping-CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 activation (N-PRGO). The activation mechanisms are also investigated by radical scavenging test, and the P-NRGO/PMS system is unveiled to rely on the nonradical oxidation pathway. The turnover frequencies (TOFs) of these RGOs are also calculated, and the P-NRGO has the largest TOF of 58.39. Based on the analysis of synthesis method and catalytic activity, it is proposed that new catalytic sites are generated on P-NRGO. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations also illustrated that the most reactive sites are the structure vacancies with two nitrogen atoms, which is consistent with the results. The conclusion in this study provides new insights into the synergistic effect of N-doping and structural defects of carbon materials and the induced nonradical pathway in advanced oxidation.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419309641-ga1.jpg" width="490" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 381〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yanyan An, Huaili Zheng, Zhishuang Yu, Yongjun Sun, Yili Wang, Chun Zhao, Wei Ding〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Rapid, high-efficient adsorbents with efficient solid-liquid separation ability has broad application prospects in the treatment of dye wastewater. In this study, polydopamine and methacryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride were grafted onto hollow glass microspheres to prepare the enhanced polydopamine shell structure adsorbent with self-floating ability. Furthermore, the adsorbent achieves high-efficiency surface solid-liquid separation, which overcomes the disadvantages of the traditional separation methods. Characterizations of the as-synthesized microspheres were performed using various techniques such as SEM, EDS, BET, XPS, FT-IR, TGA and XRD. The adsorbent achieved rapid and high-efficient adsorption of alizarin cyanine green F via the interactions of electrostatic attracting and π-π stacking, and under the optimal experimental conditions, the removal efficiency of 0.10 m mol L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 dye solution reaches 94.51%, and the adsorption process reaches equilibrium within 60 min. Adsorption isotherms and kinetics data of the adsorbent were well fitted by Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, respectively. The as-synthesized adsorbent has excellent recyclability, and its adsorption performance can be maintained after 5 cycles of reuse. The self-floating adsorbent has great potential for the removal of dissolved contaminants and cost-effective separation.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419309252-ga1.jpg" width="496" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 381〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Xiaoming Xu, Lingjun Meng, Yuxuan Dai, Mian Zhang, Cheng Sun, Shaogui Yang, Huan He, Shaomang Wang, Hui Li〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Environmental problem on the coexistence of organic pollutants and heavy metals in surface waters has become increasingly serious. Few relative researches have focused on their simultaneous decontamination. Herein, a ternary plasmonic Z-scheme Cu〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O/Bi/Bi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉MoO〈sub〉6〈/sub〉 heterojunction was synthesized via two-step route followed by a wet-impregnation, where Bi spheres coupled with Cu〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O particles were anchored on the surface of Bi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉MoO〈sub〉6〈/sub〉 with hollow microflower spheres. The composites were characterized via various measurements. The excellent photocatalytic activity of Cu〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O/Bi/Bi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉MoO〈sub〉6〈/sub〉 displayed in single sulfadiazine (SDZ) oxidation or Ni(II) reduction, and their simultaneous removal. The degradation pathway for SDZ was investigated via LC–MS and Gaussian theory. DFT and FDTD calculations confirmed the electronic structural characteristics in the Cu〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O/Bi/Bi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉MoO〈sub〉6〈/sub〉 heterostructure and the induced electric field enhancement around nearly touching Bi spheres. A possible photodegradation mechanism of the as-prepared photocatalyst was elucidated via combining scavenger experiments with EPR technique. The results suggested h〈sup〉+〈/sup〉, •O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉 and •OH all participated in SDZ oxidation, which verified that Z-Scheme electron transfer was major manner in Cu〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O/Bi/Bi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉MoO〈sub〉6〈/sub〉, while •O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉 and e〈sup〉−〈/sup〉acted on Ni(II) reduction. The improved photocatalytic activity of Cu〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O/Bi/Bi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉MoO〈sub〉6〈/sub〉 could be ascribed to the unique Z-scheme electron transfer among Cu〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O, Bi and Bi〈sub〉2〈/sub〉MoO〈sub〉6〈/sub〉, particularly SPR and local electric field near Bi spheres.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419309069-ga1.jpg" width="476" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 381〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Liu Yang, Yu-Long Liu, Cheng-Guo Liu, Fei Ye, Ying Fu〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Pesticides, which can accumulate in soil, water, animals and plants, are essential to world agriculture. Developing a method that can efficiently and quickly detect toxic pesticides is of importance but still a challenge. Here, two luminescent dye@MOFs systems, 〈strong〉Rho B@1〈/strong〉 and 〈strong〉〈strong〉〈strong〉Rho 6G〈/strong〉〈/strong〉@1〈/strong〉, were successfully fabricated based on [Cd〈sub〉2〈/sub〉(tib)(btb)(H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O)〈sub〉2〈/sub〉]∙NO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉∙2DMF (〈strong〉1〈/strong〉). This work is the first use of two fluorescent sensors as dual-emitting platforms for detecting pesticides. As a result, the fluorescence intensity ratios between the two main emissions can be tuned using the concentrations of the dye solutions, and the emissions are at 370 nm/606 nm and 370 nm/590 nm for 〈strong〉Rho B@1〈/strong〉 and 〈strong〉Rho 6G@1〈/strong〉, respectively. The intensities of the two main emissions of 〈strong〉Rho B@1〈/strong〉 and 〈strong〉〈strong〉Rho 6G〈/strong〉@1〈/strong〉 are also influenced by the chemical structures of pesticides with electron-withdrawing groups. It is important that high sensitivity and selectivity for sensing pesticides must have good recyclability. 〈strong〉Rho B@1〈/strong〉 and 〈strong〉〈strong〉Rho 6G〈/strong〉@1〈/strong〉 can still remain stable regarding the detection of nitenpyram even after 5 cycles, with LODs of 0.48 nM for 〈strong〉Rho B@1〈/strong〉 and 3 nM for 〈strong〉〈strong〉Rho 6G〈/strong〉@1〈/strong〉, which indicate that these two luminescent dye@MOFs systems are excellent fluorescence probe candidates for the selective detection of pesticides.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419309203-ga1.jpg" width="397" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉 〈p〉Two luminescent dye@MOFs systems, namely 〈strong〉Rho B@1〈/strong〉 and 〈strong〉Rho 6G@1〈/strong〉, with dual-emitting platforms, have been successfully fabricated for detecting pesticides. 〈strong〉Rho B@1〈/strong〉 and 〈strong〉Rho 6G@1〈/strong〉 show low LODs, especially for nitenpyram detection, and the mechanism of detecting pesticides has been explored.〈/p〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 381〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yi Zhao, Meng Qi, Runlong Hao, Jiajun Jiang, Bo Yuan〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉A series of experiments were conducted at a bench scale reactor to investigate the effects of key influencing factors on the Hg〈sup〉0〈/sup〉 removal from flue gas using the prepared diperiodatoargentate (III) (DPA) as an oxidant, trace ruthenium(III) as a catalyst, respectively. The experimental results showed that the average Hg〈sup〉0〈/sup〉 removal efficiency reached to 87.5% under the optimal conditions in which the DPA concentration was 1.03 mmol/L, catalyst concentration was 2.0 μmol/L, reaction temperature was 40 °C and solution pH was 8.5. Meanwhile, it was found from the experiments that the high concentrations of SO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 and NO could inhibit the Hg〈sup〉0〈/sup〉 removal due to the competition between Hg〈sup〉0〈/sup〉 and SO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉/NO, while the lower NO concentration exhibited a slight promotion for Hg〈sup〉0〈/sup〉 removal. The evolutions of DPA(III) and Ru(III) before and after the reaction were characterized by an ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer (UV–vis), from which, the promotional mechanism of Ru(III) on Hg〈sup〉0〈/sup〉 removal was analyzed. The spent solution was analyzed by a cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometer (CVAFS), which verified that Hg〈sup〉0〈/sup〉 was oxidized into Hg〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 by the catalytic system of DPA(III)-Ru(III), and DPA was converted into Ag〈sup〉+〈/sup〉.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 381〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yajie Bu, Chang Li, Paul Amyotte, Wenbo Yuan, Chunmiao Yuan, Gang Li〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Adding solid inertants to combustible dust is one measure to prevent and mitigate dust explosions. Al〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 at four particle size distributions was used to determine the minimum ignition energy (MIE) and maximum explosion pressure (P〈sub〉max〈/sub〉) of aluminum dust and thus examine the effect of particle size on the inerting efficiency. It was interesting to observe that nano-sized Al〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 powder showed excellent promise as a solid inertant, having inerting efficacy superior to that of micro-sized Al〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉. In addition to thermal inhibition, nano Al〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 contributed to explosion moderation by binding Al particles together forming larger-sized aggregates that reduce dispersion in the dust clouds, and thus alleviate explosion hazards. Ignition sensitivity increased when micro-sized Al〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 was admixed at 5 or 10% with 1000–1500 g/m〈sup〉3〈/sup〉 Al mixtures, an effect apparently caused by a 20% decrease in effective particle size distribution brought on by the Al〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 addition. Generally, increasing the amount of admixed Al〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 increased MIE and decreased P〈sub〉max〈/sub〉 of Al dust clouds, and decreasing the particle size of Al〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 resulted in better inerting performance on moderating both the likelihood of the ignition and the consequence of the explosion.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 381〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ting Li, Yi Ren, Shu Zhai, Weiming Zhang, Wenbin Zhang, Ming Hua, Lu Lv, Bingcai Pan〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉We design a novel cationic metal-organic framework hybrid ultrafiltration polyvinylidene fluoride membrane (PVA/Cu-iMOFs/PVDF-0.05) and report its unique capture of aqueous perchlorate (ClO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉) at ppm-level. This membrane outperformed traditional adsorption materials and exhibited a specific affinity toward ClO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉 in the presence of various competing anions at greater levels (up to a concentration ratio of 20). In the batch experiment, the ClO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉 removal ratio reached 99.6% over a wide pH range (3˜10). Membrane filtration by using a 12.56 cm〈sup〉2〈/sup〉 PVA/Cu-iMOFs/PVDF-0.05 membrane could effectively treat 4.71 L of ClO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉-contaminated water before breakthrough occurred, while maintaining a satisfactory permeability (˜627.32 L/(m〈sup〉2〈/sup〉 h bar)) and antifouling property. The exhausted membrane could easily be regenerated in aminoethanesulfonic acid solution for repeated use with a negligible decrease in capacity. Moreover, the membrane showed excellent long-term stability in a cross-flow filtration process due to the amido bond between the Cu-iMOFs and membrane surface as well as the "protection" of polyvinyl alcohol. Selective and reversible ion-exchange between the sulfonic acid (R-SO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉) ligands of Cu-iMOFs and tetrahedral oxo-anionic species was verified to be the pathway for ClO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉 trapping. Thus, other problematic elements that also occur in tetrahedral form in water can be removed by this method.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S030438941930915X-ga1.jpg" width="255" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 January 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 381〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Xinrong Guo, Jianzhi Huang, Yubo Wei, Qiang Zeng, Lishi Wang〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this study, the B-MoS〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 QDs, boronic acid functionalized MoS〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 quantum dots, are synthesized by a simple aminoacylation reaction between MoS〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 QDs and 3-aminobenzeneboronic acid (APBA). It not only exhibits excellent thermo-stability, photo-stability and good salt tolerance, but shows excellent fluorescence stability even under industrial wastewater with high concentration. These good characters can be used to construct a new fluorescence sensor for sensitive and selective detection of mercury ions (Hg〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉). The fluorescence intensity of B-MoS〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 QDs linearly decreases with the increase of Hg〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 concentration ranging from 0.005 to 41 μmol L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉, and the limit of detection as low as 1.8 nmol L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉. Due to the mercury ion-promoted transmetalation reaction of aryl boronic acid, this proposed method exhibits fast response, ultra-sensitivity and high selectivity for analysis of Hg〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 in different environmental water, and which also uses to online monitoring of Hg〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉. The B-MoS〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 QDs–based test paper can be used to detect the trace amounts of Hg〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 under UV lamp by naked eyes, suggesting that the proposed method has potential application in on-site monitoring of environmental Hg〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419309239-ga1.jpg" width="500" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 365〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Per Morten Hansen, André Vagner Gaathaug, Dag Bjerketvedt, Knut Vaagsaether〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This study discusses the rapid expansion and phase transition of liquefied carbon dioxide (CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉) in vertical ducts. Results from small-scale experiments in three test setups (A, B, and C) were compared with a Rankine-Hugoniot model that treats the phase transition as an adiabatic evaporation wave of constant thickness. The model calculates the fluid properties behind the evaporation wave. The motivation was to identify hazards and quantify the energy-release in tank explosions such as a boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion. The experimental results corresponded with a Chapman Jouguet (CJ) solution. The contributions include a mapping of CJ solutions calculated from a range of pre-rupture conditions. The puncture of a diaphragm (setup A, and B), or complete test section rupture (setup C) initiated the tests. The three test setups provided a range of pressures for the model. Evaporation waves were observed, propagating with velocities of 35–42 ms〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 (setup A, and B), and ∼ 10 ms〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 (setup C) into the superheated liquid. The calculated vapor mass fraction behind of the evaporation wave was in the range 0.21-0.23. The study presents a strategy, which incorporates the calculated vapor mass fraction, to predict the energy released in a tank explosion.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 365〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Esther Gomez-Herrero, Montserrat Tobajas, Alicia Polo, Juan J. Rodriguez, Angel F. Mohedano〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this work, we assessed the potential of combining Fenton´s reagent and biological oxidation for removing the imidazolium-based ionic liquid 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EmimCl). Fenton-like oxidation was conducted at variable H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 doses from 20 to 100% the stoichiometric value as calculated from the theoretical chemical oxygen demand (COD). The stoichiometric H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 dose afforded Total Organic Carbon (TOC) conversion and COD removal of 50 and 62%, respectively. Identifying the reaction by-products formed at low hydrogen peroxide doses allowed a plausible pathway for EmimCl oxidation to be proposed. The effluents from Fenton-like oxidation at substoichiometric H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 doses were less ecotoxic and more biodegradable than was the parent ionic liquid. The effluent from Fenton-like oxidation with the 60% H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 dose (TOC conversion ≅ 41%, COD removal ≅ 31%) was subsequently subjected to an effective biological treatment that allowed complete removal of the starting compound, increased its ecotoxicity to a low–moderate level and rendered it acceptably biodegradable. Biological oxidation was performed in 8-h and 12-h cycles in a sequencing batch reactor. Combining Fenton and biological oxidation of EmimCl afforded TOC conversion and COD removal of around 90%.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S030438941831015X-ga1.jpg" width="500" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 364〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Zhiyong Liu, Shu Zhang, Dan Hu, Yunsheng Zhang, Henglin Lv, Cheng Liu, Yidong Chen, Juan Sun〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this study, paraffin/red mud phase change energy storage composites were fabricated at 4 mix proportions with paraffin to red mud ratios of 0.4:0.6, 0.45:0.55, 0.5:0.5, and 0.55:0.45 by a mixed mill-heating method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) results reveal that paraffin flows well into red mud pores and has good compatibility. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results reveal that the melting temperatures of the paraffin/red mud phase change energy storage composite vary from 75℃ to 85℃, and the latent heat value is approximately 25–40J/g. High thermal stability is observed by the thermogravimetric analysis (TG) method. The Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) isotherms, laser particle sizer, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and laser Raman spectrograph (LRS) show that the phase change energy storage composite does not produce a new material from the raw materials and that the material has a stable performance. Furthermore, the paraffin/red mud phase change energy storage composite was incorporated into the cement-based and gypsum-based materials at 10%, 20%, and 30% weight. The heat storage performance can be improved remarkably with an increase in the addition of phase change energy storage composite replacement. The compressive strength change is minimal with the addition of 10% and 20%, and the compressive strength decreases by nearly 40% with the addition of 30%. The paraffin/red mud phase change energy storage composite has a large influence on the flexural strength.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 364〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Muhammad Humayun, Zhewen Hu, Abbas Khan, Wei Cheng, Yang Yuan, Zhiping Zheng, Qiuyun Fu, Wei Luo〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Herein, we report for the first time the highly efficient degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) over CeO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉/g-C〈sub〉3〈/sub〉N〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 composites (xCeO/CN) prepared via wet-chemical solution method. It is shown that the resultant nanocomposites with a proper mass ratio percentage (15%) of CeO coupled exhibit greatly enhanced visible-light activity for 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) degradation compared to the bare g-C〈sub〉3〈/sub〉N〈sub〉4〈/sub〉. From photoluminescence (PL) and Fluorescence (FL) results, it is suggested that enhanced photo-degradation is attributed to the significantly improved charge separation and transfer as a result of the proper band alignments between g-C〈sub〉3〈/sub〉N〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 and CeO components. Further, from radical trapping experiments, it is confirmed that hydroxyl radicals (〈sup〉〈img src="https://sdfestaticassets-eu-west-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/16/entities/rad"〉〈/sup〉OH) are the predominant oxidants involved in the degradation of 2,4-DCP over CeO/CN composites. Furthermore, a possible reaction pathway and detailed photocatalytic mechanism for 2,4-DCP degradation is proposed mainly based on the detected liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS) intermediate products, that readily transform into CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 and H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O. This work would help researchers to deeply understand the reaction mechanism of 2,4-DCP and would provide feasible routes to fabricate g-C〈sub〉3〈/sub〉N〈sub〉4〈/sub〉-based highly efficient photocatalysts for environmental remediation.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418310069-ga1.jpg" width="264" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 365〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Lei Yang, Lu Xu, Xue Bai, Pengkang Jin〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this study, a novel TiO〈sub〉2-x〈/sub〉/rGO-PS-Vis process was developed, which utilizes the TiO〈sub〉2-x〈/sub〉/rGO (Ti〈sup〉3+〈/sup〉 and oxygen vacancies self-doped TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 coupled with reduced graphene oxide) nanocomposite as a promising and efficient activator of persulfate (PS) for the enhanced oxidation of micropollutants under visible -light irradiation. TiO〈sub〉2-x〈/sub〉/rGO exhibited a significantly high activity for PS activation to produce more sulfate radicals (SO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉〈sup〉〈img src="https://sdfestaticassets-eu-west-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/16/entities/rad"〉〈/sup〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉) and hydroxyl radicals (〈sup〉〈img src="https://sdfestaticassets-eu-west-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/16/entities/rad"〉〈/sup〉OH). Therefore, almost 100% BPA (10 mg/L) and 80% TOC can be removed just within 12 min with 1.0 g/L TiO〈sub〉2-x〈/sub〉/rGO and 2 mM PS under visible light. Moreover, it was found that many other typical micropollutants, such as phenol, acetaminophen and sulfamethoxazole can also be effectively degraded by this process. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and radical quenching experiments indicated that both SO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉〈sup〉〈img src="https://sdfestaticassets-eu-west-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/16/entities/rad"〉〈/sup〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉 and 〈sup〉〈img src="https://sdfestaticassets-eu-west-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/16/entities/rad"〉〈/sup〉OH contribute to the degradation of organics, and the radical process was the main degradation pathway. In addition, the effects of PS concentration, catalyst dosage, initial solution pH and inorganic anions were investigated systematically. Experiments carried out in the real background of water matrix with low-concentration of BPA indicated that the proposed TiO〈sub〉2-x〈/sub〉/rGO-PS-Vis process has strong non-selective photo-oxidative ability for the removal of micropollutants in water.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418310082-ga1.jpg" width="500" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 364〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Shanshan Sun, Haizhen Wang, Yuanzhi Chen, Jun Lou, Laosheng Wu, Jianming Xu〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈em〉Mycobacterium〈/em〉 sp. WY10 was a highly effective PAHs-degrading bacterium that can degrade phenanthrene (PHE, 100 mg L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉) completely within 60 h and 83% of pyrene (PYR, 50 mg L〈sup〉-1〈/sup〉) in 72 h. In this study, ten and eleven metabolites, respectively, were identified in PHE and PYR degradation cultures, and a detailed PHE and PYR metabolism maps were constructed based on the metabolic results. The strain WY10 degraded PHE and PYR with initial dioxygenation mainly on 3,4- and 4,5-carbon positions, respectively. Thereafter, PYR degradation entered the PHE degradation pathway via the 〈em〉ortho〈/em〉-cleavage. It was observed that the “lower pathway” of PHE and PYR degradations were different. Based on the kinetics of residual metabolites, PHE was degraded in a dominant phthalate pathway and a minor salicylate pathway. However, both phthalate and salicylate pathways played important roles on PYR degradation. The WY10 genome revealed there were fifty-three genes related to PAHs degradations, including a complete gene set for PHE and PYR degradation via the phthalate pathway. The candidate gene/ORF, BOH72_19755, encoding salicylate synthase might contribute in the salicylate pathway.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418309737-ga1.jpg" width="500" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉