ALBERT

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 365〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Sangcheol Park, Yun Haeng Joe, Joonmok Shim, Hyunseol Park, Weon Gyu Shin〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Filtration velocity is one of the dominant parameters that determine the pressure drop through a bag filter. Experimental investigation of the air flow pattern around a bag filter inside a bag house is very difficult because of the complexity of the 3-D air flow. For this reason, we numerically investigated flow characteristics along a bag filter in detail. We newly found that the filtration velocity is non-uniform along the axial direction of a long bag filter when the height of the filter is greater than 10 m. The filtration velocity is very small at the bottom of the bag filter but very large at the top. For bag filter lengths of over 10 m, 70% of total inlet flow is filtered in just the top 30% of the long bag filter. This indicates that the top section of the long bag filter could deteriorate faster than the bottom section, making it necessary to develop a new method to avoid the problem. We developed an equation that can help predict the initial pressure drop across long bag filters with different heights, but identical filtration characteristics.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 365〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jung Hwal Shin, Jun-Ho Heo, Seunggyu Jeon, Jeong Hun Park, Suhyeon Kim, Hyun-Wook Kang〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Oil spills from disasters such as the sinking of ships and the discharge of oily wastes cause serious environmental problems. Polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) sponges are valuable tools for isolating spilled oil. Here, we propose new PDMS sponges with bio-inspired design and enhanced absorption capacities. 3D printing was used to produce templates having negative designs, and after being filled with PDMS, the templates were selectively dissolved. Through this, PDMS sponges with well-interconnected and controlled porosities were produced within 10% error. The wettability of sponges with various pore sizes and line widths was investigated. The surfaces were found to be highly hydrophobic, with water contact angles of 100-143°, and oleophilic, with oil contact angles of ∼0°. The sponge fabricated with line width of 200 μm and pore size of 400 μm showed the highest hydrophobicity and oleophilicity. These parameters were used to produce the surfaces of hollow sponges having bio-inspired design that mimics the water absorption and storage functions of cactus. Repeated oil-water separation testing was conducted, and the absorption capacities were compared with those of non-hollow and conventional sponges. The new design showed absorption capacity up to 3.7 times that of the sponges. The bio-inspired PDMS sponge provides a significant advance in oil–water separation ability.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418309877-ga1.jpg" width="335" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 364〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): David E. Hogan, Fei Tian, Scott W. Malm, Christopher Olivares, Ricardo Palos Pacheco, Michael T. Simonich, Anoop S. Hunjan, Robert L. Tanguay, Walter T. Klimecki, Robin Polt, Jeanne E. Pemberton, Joan E. Curry, Raina M. Maier〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Synthetic monorhamnolipids differ from biologically produced material because they are produced as single congeners, depending on the β-hydroxyalkanoic acid used during synthesis. Each congener is produced as one of four possible diastereomers resulting from two chiral centers at the carbinols of the lipid tails [(〈strong〉〈em〉R,R〈/em〉〈/strong〉), (〈strong〉〈em〉R,S〈/em〉〈/strong〉), (〈strong〉〈em〉S,R〈/em〉〈/strong〉) and (〈strong〉〈em〉S,S〈/em〉〈/strong〉)]. We compare the biodegradability (CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 respirometry), acute toxicity (Microtox assay), embryo toxicity (Zebrafish assay), and cytotoxicity (xCELLigence and MTS assays) of synthetic rhamnosyl-β-hydroxydecanoyl-β-hydroxydecanoate (Rha-C10-C10) monorhamnolipids against biosynthesized monorhamnolipid mixtures (bio-mRL). All Rha-C10-C10 diastereomers and bio-mRL were inherently biodegradable ranging from 34 to 92% mineralized. The Microtox assay showed all Rha-C10-C10 diastereomers and bio-mRL are slightly toxic according to the US EPA ecotoxicity categories with 5 min EC〈sub〉50〈/sub〉 values ranging from 39.6 to 87.5 μM. The zebrafish assay showed that of 22 developmental endpoints tested, only mortality was observed at 120 h post fertilization; all Rha-C10-C10 diastereomers and bio-mRL caused significant mortality at 640 μM, except the Rha-C10-C10 (〈strong〉〈em〉R,R〈/em〉〈/strong〉) which showed no developmental effects. xCELLigence and MTS showed IC〈sub〉50〈/sub〉 values ranging from 103.4 to 191.1 μM for human lung cell line H1299 after 72 h exposure. These data provide key information regarding Rha-C10-C10 diastereomers that is pertinent when considering potential applications.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418309592-ga1.jpg" width="406" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 364〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Hui-Qi Cao, Lin Jiang, Qiang-Ling Duan, Dan Zhang, Hao-Dong Chen, Jin-Hua Sun〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Ammonium nitrate (AN) is a commonly-used industrial raw material in industrial explosives and fertilizers areas. However, as an energetic material, its danger exists during the production, transportation, and storage, resulting in a large number of accidents involving personal injury and property loss. To obtain the accurate kinetic triplet parameters of AN thermal decomposition, a series of thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) experiments was conducted with four different heating rates. Activation energies were calculated by different isoconversional methods Then the kinetic triplet of AN pyrolysis was optimized using a combination of experimental and simulant methods. Combined with the traditional model-free and model-fitting approaches, the experimental kinetic model for AN pyrolysis was optimized and then reconstructed. Through the pyrolysis reaction of AN, a reliable methodology for processing TGA data of hazardous material is proposed in the paper, and the kinetic parameters can be accurately obtained by using such a kinetics method.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈p〉Model reconstruction of AN pyrolysis in air for four different heating rates: comparison of experimental data (points) and theoretical curves (Black line, new model; Red line, previous model).〈/p〉 〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418309579-ga1.jpg" width="251" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 364〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Xiangpeng Gao, Mingyang Li〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 364〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jiawen Wu, Hans-Peter Mock, Ricardo F.H. Giehl, Britta Pitann, Karl Hermann Mühling〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Silicon (Si) can alleviate cadmium (Cd) toxicity in many plants, but mechanisms underlying this beneficial effect are still lacking. In this study, the roles of Si in time-dependent apoplastic and symplastic Cd absorption by roots of wheat plants were investigated. Results showed that, during short-term Cd exposure, the symplastic pathway of Cd in roots was not significantly affected by Si. Cell wall properties and cell wall-bound Cd regarding the apoplastic pathway were unaffected by Si either. Nevertheless, Cd concentrations in the apoplastic fluid of roots were decreased by Si. The reason could be that Si delayed endodermal suberization of roots resulting in promoted apoplastic Cd translocation to shoots, thus decreasing Cd in the apoplastic fluid of roots after short-term Cd stress. By contrast, after long-term Cd stress, cell wall properties and the expression of genes related to Cd influx and transport were unaffected. Intriguingly, Si up-regulated the expression of the Cd efflux-related gene 〈em〉TaTM20〈/em〉 and repressed apoplastic Cd translocation to shoots, which might contribute to decrease of Cd after long-term Cd exposure. Taken together, these results indicate that Si-dependent decrease in root Cd concentrations during short-term Cd exposure helps plants to mitigate Cd toxicity in the long-term.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418309610-ga1.jpg" width="365" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 364〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yaswanth K. Penke, Ganapathi Anantharaman, Janakarajan Ramkumar, Kamal K. Kar〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Arsenic mitigation behavior in aqueous systems is being evaluated for Mn-Al-Fe, Cu-Al-Fe nano adsorbents. Morphological, and vibrational spectroscopy analysis are observed with As-OH, and As-O surface complexes. XPS study of individual As(3d) spectra at different parameters is observed with multiplet peak behavior attributed to redox behavior of Mn-Al-Fe, Cu-Al-Fe. Significant proportions of As(0) signal (∼25 at.% in pH 7, ∼78 at.% in pH 2, ∼58 at.% in pH 12) implicate an environmentally stable behavior of these adsorbents to address the arsenic leaching issue. Adsorption kinetics are observed with Pseudo Second Order (PSO) model, and Freundlich model supported multilayer adsorption behavior is observed for adsorption isotherms. Trace metal voltammetry studies are observed with 75–90 % of As(III) mitigation in aliquot samples. Detailed study of Mn(2p), Cu(2p), Fe(2p), and O(1 s) spectra explains redox active, and surface ligand exchange synergism in arsenic adsorption. Low equilibrium concentrations (〈em〉C〈/em〉e 〈 10 ppb) in As(V) systems (〈em〉C〈/em〉〈sub〉i〈/sub〉 ∼ 100 and 500 ppb) indicate the drinking water application of these systems. Cyclic-voltammetry (CV) studies implicate the mitigation and immobilization of arsenic species onto adsorbent by both reduction, and sorption phenomenon.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418309786-ga1.jpg" width="220" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 364〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Rupal Malik, Ankita Goyal, Sarita Yadav, Nancy Gupta, Neetu Goel, Anupama Kaushik, Vinod Kumar, K.B. Tikoo, Sonal Singhal〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Alarming growth of pharmaceutical residues in aquatic environment has elevated concerns about their potential impact on human health. Taking cognizance of this, the present study is focussed on the coating of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles with different functionalities and to use them as adsorbents for pharmaceutical waste. The thickness of the coating was analysed using Small angle X-ray scattering technique. Thorough study of the isotherms and kinetics were performed suggesting monolayer adsorption and pseudo kinetic order model, respectively. To get an insight of the interactions liable for adsorption of fluoroquinolones over the functionalized magnetic nanoparticles computational studies were undertaken. The results demonstrated substantial evidence proposing remarkable potential of these nanostructures as adsorbents for different pollutants with an additional advantage of stability and facile recoverability with a view to treat wastewater.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418309671-ga1.jpg" width="274" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 365〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Gu yaohua, Xue ping, Jia feng, Shi keren〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The method developed in this work, for the first time, for the co-immobilization of mediator 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and laccase, in which the dual-functionalized cellulose beads with network pore structure were constructed by polydopamine (PD) and polymeric glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) to obtain the biocatalyst co-immobilizing ABTS and laccase. ABTS molecules were encapsulated into the dual-functionalized cellulose beads to obtain an efficient carrier (PD-GMA-Ce/ABTS) on which the laccase could be covalently immobilized by means of the coupling between the amino groups of the enzyme and the epoxy groups and ortho-dihydroxyphenyl groups existing on the beads. The as-prepared PD-GMA-Ce/ABTS with network pore structure were characterized by SEM, XRD, FT-IR and EPR. The resultant beaded biocatalyst (PD-GMA-Ce/ABTS@Lac) co-immobilizing laccase and ABTS were used in the biodegradation of indole and the degradation rate was up to 99.7%, while indole is difficult to be degraded by free laccase. The PD-GMA-Ce/ABTS@Lac beads displayed considerably reusability and storage stability for indole degradation after cycling of 10 runs or storage of 100 days benefited from the mediation effect of the immobilized ABTS. The effective recovery of both expensive laccase and hazardous ABTS by using PD-GMA-Ce/ABTS@Lac is promising to reduce the cost for the laccase application in wastewater treatment and might be helpful to eliminate the secondary pollution from the free mediator.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418309853-ga1.jpg" width="227" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 365〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Huali Xie, Xuejun Lai, Yanlin Wang, Hongqiang Li, Xingrong Zeng〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Developing a high efficient, environmental-friendly and universal fire-safe strategy for combustible polymers is crucial but challengeable. Inspired by nacre, we developed a super-efficiently fire-safe nanocoating based on carboxymethyl chitosan (CCS) and modified montmorillonite (MMT) 〈em〉via〈/em〉 one-step self-assembly. The nanocoating possessed well-arranged nacre-like hierarchical microstructure, exhibiting high transparency and specific nacre-like iridescence. More importantly, the nanocoating endowed many large-scale polymer substrates, such as polyester film, cotton fabric and polyurethane foam, with super-efficient fire-safety by dip-coating or spray-coating. All the coated substrates were self-extinguished in the burning tests. Meanwhile, their heat release and smoke production were decreased remarkably. Most notably, the peak heat release rate, total heat release, peak smoke production rate and total smoke production of polyurethane foam were decreased by 84.1%, 89.4%, 84.4% and 95.2%, respectively. Additionally, no organic solvent, halogen and phosphorus element were involved, which was environmental-friendly. Our findings provide a super-efficient, economical, universal and green fabrication strategy for fire-safe polymers.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418310173-ga1.jpg" width="266" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 365〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Youngkwang Moon, Ali Turab Jafry, Soon Bang Kang, Jin Young Seo, Kyung-Youl Baek, Eui-Joong Kim, Jae-Gu Pan, Jae-Youl Choi, Hyun-Ji Kim, Kang Han Lee, Keunhong Jeong, Se Won Bae, Seunghan Shin, Jinkee Lee, Yongwoo Lee〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉A region suffering from an attack of a nerve agent requires not only a highly sorptive material but also a fast-acting catalyst to decontaminate the lethal chemical present. The product should be capable of high sorptive capacity, selectivity and quick response time to neutralize the long lasting harmful effects of nerve agents. Herein, we have utilized organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) as a non-toxic bio-catalytic material held in with the supporting matrix of poly-β-cyclodextrin (PCD) as a novel sorptive reinforced self-decontaminating material against organophosphate intoxication. OPH coated PCD (OPH-PCD) will not only be providing support for holding enzyme but also would be adsorbing methyl paraoxon (MPO) used as a simulant, in a host-guest inclusion complex formation. Sorption trend for PCD revealed preference towards the more hydrophobic MPO against 〈em〉para〈/em〉-nitrophenol (pNP). The results show sorption capacity of 1.26 mg/g of 100 μM MPO with PCD which was 1.7 times higher compared to pNP. The reaction rate with immobilized OPH-PCD was found to be 23% less compared to free enzyme. With the help of OPH-PCD, continuous hydrolysis (100%) of MPO into pNP was observed for a period of 24 h through packed bed reactor with good reproducibility and stability of enzyme. The long-term stability also confirmed its stable nature for the investigation period of 4 days where it maintained activity. Combined with its fast and reactive nature, the resulting self-decontaminating regenerating material provides a promising strategy for the neutralization of nerve agents and preserving the environment.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418310124-ga1.jpg" width="353" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 365〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Mingming Sun, Mao Ye, Zhongyun Zhang, Shengtian Zhang, Yuanchao Zhao, Shaopo Deng, Lingya Kong, Rongorng Ying, Bing Xia, Wentao Jiao, Jiaqi Cheng, Yanfang Feng, Manqiang Liu, Feng Hu〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The vertical migration of antibiotic resistance pathogenic bacteria (ARPB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the surface soil-vadose soil system has become a new threat to ecological safety and public health; there is an imperative need to develop an efficient technique for targeted control and inactivation of ARPB in these systems. In this work, undisturbed soil columns (0 ∼ −5 m) were constructed to investigate the impact of biochar amendment or/and polyvalent bacteriophage (ΦYSZ-KK) therapy on the vertical control and inactivation of tetracycline-resistant 〈em〉Escherichia coli〈/em〉 K-12 and chloramphenicol-resistant 〈em〉Klebsiella pneumonia〈/em〉 K-6. The simultaneous application of polyvalent phage and biochar impeded the vertical migration of ARPB from the top soil to lower soil layers and stimulated the ARPB dissipation in the soil column. After 60-day incubation, levels of ARPB and ARGs decreased significantly in the soil column by magnitudes of 2-6. Additionally, high throughput sequencing indicated that the simultaneous application of biochar and phage clearly maintained the structure and diversity of the soil microbial communities (〈em〉p〈/em〉 〈  0.05). This work therefore demonstrates that the application of a biochar/phage combination is an environmentally friendly, efficacious measure for the control and inactivation of ARPB/ARGs in vertical soil column systems.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418310112-ga1.jpg" width="303" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 365〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Muhammad Ubaid Ali, Guijian Liu, Balal Yousaf, Habib Ullah, Samina Irshad, Rafay Ahmed, Mudassar Hussain, Audil Rashid〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The study was undertaken to investigate deposition behaviors of various size-segregated particles and indoor air quality using dust accumulated on the air conditioner filter acting as a sink for PTEs and nanoparticles that can pose a significant health risk. However, the particulate matter size and chemical composition in AC dust and its relationship with PTEs remains uncertain. Current study aims to investigate the PTEs and nanoparticles composition of AC dust using different analytical approaches including ICP-MS, XRD, XPS, SEM/TEM along with EDS and Laser Diffraction particle size analyzer. The mean concentration of PTEs like Al, As, Cd, Cu, Li, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Ti, V and Zn exceeded the corresponding background value. Pb, As, Sn, Sb, Cd were categorizing under geo-accumulation index class IV. Most of the particles were found to be 〉 100 μm and it decreased significantly with increase in floor altitude. A significantly negative correlation was found between particles size and PTEs concentration showing a significant increase in PTEs content with decrease in particles size. The XPS results showed dominant peaks for TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉, Ti-O-N, As〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉, Fe〈sup〉+3〈/sup〉, Fe〈sup〉+2〈/sup〉, Al-OH and Al〈sub〉2〈/sub〉0〈sub〉3〈/sub〉. Additionally, As, Pb, Si and Fe were dominant metallic nanoparticles identified using SEM/TEM along with EDS.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 365〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Mengqin Chen, Jingyan Jiang, Zhiwei Gan, Yan Yan, Sanglan Ding, Shijun Su, Xiaoming Bao〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉To investigate overall pollution and potential risk of 32 targets (11 PBDEs, 8 NBFRs, and 13 OPFRs) in indoor and outdoor environments, dust and PM10 samples were sampled from non-occupational and occupational zones in Chengdu, China. ∑Cl-OPFRs, BDE-209, and DBDPE were the dominant constitutes in both the non-occupational and occupational dust. Regarding the PM10, no significant differences were found between the kitchen and the living room for studied OPFRs except TDCIPP, and TCEP, TCPP, TEHP, and TCP displayed significant correlation among the kitchen, the living room and personal samples. Profiles of the OPFRs in the PM10 from occupational areas presented great variation and ranked as: ∑Aryl-OPFRs 〈 ∑Alkyl-OPFRs 〈 ∑Cl-OPFRs. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of the investigated FRs via dust suggested dust ingestion and inhalation were the main exposure route to FRs, and the total of EDIs were at least one order of magnitude lower than reference data, indicating a low risk for the general public in Chengdu. However, with increasing usage of FRs in daily goods, a long-term monitoring should be conducted.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 365〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Magnus Lindroos, David Hörnström, Gen Larsson, Martin Gustavsson, Antonius J.A. van Maris〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Environmental release and accumulation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products is a global concern in view of increased awareness of ecotoxicological effects. Adsorbent properties make the biopolymer melanin an interesting alternative to remove micropollutants from water. Recently, tyrosinase-surface-displaying 〈em〉Escherichia coli〈/em〉 was shown to be an interesting self-replicating production system for melanin-covered cells for batch-wise absorption of the model pharmaceutical chloroquine. This work explores the suitability of these melanin-covered 〈em〉E. coli〈/em〉 for the continuous removal of pharmaceuticals from wastewater. A continuous-flow membrane bioreactor containing melanized 〈em〉E. coli〈/em〉 cells was used for adsorption of chloroquine from the influent until saturation and subsequent regeneration. At a low loading of cells (10 g/L) and high influent concentration of chloroquine (0.1 mM), chloroquine adsorbed until saturation after 26 ± 2 treated reactor volumes (39 ± 3 L). The average effluent concentration during the first 20 h was 0.0018 mM, corresponding to 98.2% removal. Up to 140 ± 6 mg chloroquine bound per gram of cells following mixed homo- and heterogeneous adsorption kinetics. In situ low-pH regeneration released all chloroquine without apparent capacity loss over three consecutive cycles. This shows the potential of melanized cells for treatment of conventional wastewater or highly concentrated upstream sources such as hospitals or manufacturing sites.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418310008-ga1.jpg" width="312" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 365〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Shang-Hao Liu, Chen-Rui Cao, Wei-Cheng Lin, Chi-Min Shu〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Azo compounds (azos) possess diverse exothermic properties that enable their application in numerous industrial processes, but these properties also engender a corresponding diversity of thermal hazard profiles. This study employed an innovative approach to determine the specific thermal reactions and decomposition hazard profiles of azos. Four typical azos (AIBN, AMBN, ABVN, and AIBME) were assessed using three thermal calorimetry techniques, and results were subsequently analyzed using a nonlinear optimization model. Thermal hazard analysis of small-scale experiments indicated that AIBN had a heat decomposition of 1247 J/g and a maximum pressure increase of 367 psig and thus exhibited more hazardous characteristics than did AMBN, ABVN, and AIBME. This study also obtained the relevant process safety parameters, time to maximum rate, onset and peak temperature, adiabatic temperature rise, and rate of pressure increase to use for later scaled-up applications. The findings of this study can be used to develop a predictive model for the thermal behavior of azos and to provide the necessary basis for the design and selection of precise treatment and appropriate safety systems.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418310227-ga1.jpg" width="278" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 365〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Chun Ling Shi, Xiao Dan Sun, Yi Han Gao, Sai Jing Zheng, Shuo Hao Li, Jing Yang, Yang Zhong Wang, Jun-Wei Xiong, Yi Shen, Ying Wang, Jian Hua Zhu〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The high-efficiency capture of Tobacco Specific Nitrosamines by Hβ zeolite in solution is reported for the first time, along with the adsorption of 4-methylnitrosamino-1-3-pyridyl-1-butanone in aqueous solution. Different from other zeolites such as NaZSM-5, the specific pore size of Hβ exerted a crucial function endowing the zeolite a higher removal of TSNA and selectivity of NNK. The adsorption thermodynamics of NNK by Hβ in aqueous adsorption was fitted to Temkin adsorption model with a linearly decreasing isosteric heat of adsorption. In addition, the adsorptive capacity of Hβ zeolite for NNK reached over 70 mg g〈sup〉−1,〈/sup〉 offering a powerful sorbent of TSNA to protect environment.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418310136-ga1.jpg" width="452" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 365〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yuhao Song, Guannan Mao, Guanghai Gao, Mark Bartlam, Yingying Wang〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Two representative low nucleic acid-content (LNA) bacterial strains, 〈em〉Polynucleobacter〈/em〉 sp. CB and 〈em〉Sphingopyxis〈/em〉 sp. 15Y-HN, and two commonly used microbial indicators of drinking water disinfection efficiency, 〈em〉Escherichia coli〈/em〉 and 〈em〉Pseudomonas aeruginosa〈/em〉, were used to investigate the effects of chlorine disinfection. LNA bacteria were found to be more tolerant than microbial indicator strains at the same free chlorine concentrations in batch experiments. Three-stage chlorination experiments were carried out for two strains (15Y-HN and 〈em〉E. coli〈/em〉 K12) to compare their responses to long-term chlorine exposure. Results from the first stage (increasing chlorine exposure from 0.0 to 0.6 mg/L and 1.2 mg/L for strain K12 and strain 15Y-HN, respectively) showed the rate constants of 99% cell damage were 10-fold lower for strain 15Y-HN than for strain K12. A second regrowth stage at low free chlorine concentrations (〈0.3 mg/L for 140 h) facilitated the regrowth of chlorine-resistant populations of strains 15Y-HN and K12 in the presence of assimilable organic carbon (AOC). In the third stage, during which bacteria were exposed to increasing chlorine from 0.0 to 0.5-0.6 mg/L, strain 15Y-HN was maintained at 80% and 10〈sup〉5〈/sup〉 cells/mL of intact cells whereas strain K12 was completely damaged. The overall results demonstrated that representative LNA bacteria exhibit strong resistance and resilience to chlorine under low AOC conditions, which should be taken into consideration in disinfection processes.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418309981-ga1.jpg" width="393" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 365〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): X.H. Huang, J.J. Song, H. Li, M.T. Gong, Y. Zhang〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Using molecularly imprinted polymer as a selective adsorbent for gaseous toxicants is a novel attempt. In present work, a nicotine surface-imprinted monolith (MIM) was used for the selective removal of nicotine from smoke. First, the retention capacity and selectivity for this MIM was tested by using it as the stationary phase in gas chromatography and chromatographic conditions optimized. Then, the gas phase adsorption isotherms of MIM were constructed and the adsorption thermodynamics explored. At last, the applicability for MIM in the removal of nicotine in smoke was explored. Results indicated a stronger retention capacity and a higher selectivity of MIM toward the template vapor, with a capacity factor (87.88) and a selectivity factor (10.15) under the optimized conditions. A higher standard adsorption enthalpy change for this MIM toward the template (〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si1.gif" overflow="scroll"〉〈mrow〉〈mfenced close="|" open="|"〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉Δ〈/mi〉〈msubsup〉〈mi〉H〈/mi〉〈mi〉a〈/mi〉〈mn〉0〈/mn〉〈/msubsup〉〈/mrow〉〈/mfenced〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉 = 65.53 kJ mol〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉) than that for the non-imprinted monolith (NIM) column (〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si1.gif" overflow="scroll"〉〈mrow〉〈mfenced close="|" open="|"〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉Δ〈/mi〉〈msubsup〉〈mi〉H〈/mi〉〈mi〉a〈/mi〉〈mn〉0〈/mn〉〈/msubsup〉〈/mrow〉〈/mfenced〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉 = 47.46 kJ mol〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉) was observed. The adsorption isotherm for MIM appears the BET type II shape, while that for the NIM was approximately linear. When this MIM was used as the adsorbent, it exhibited a high performance in the selective removal of nicotine from the main stream smoke, with an adsorption percentage of 99.43%.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418310197-ga1.jpg" width="215" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 373〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Sijia Li, Jianan Cui, Xia Wu, Xuan Zhang, Qi Hu, Xiaohong Hou〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are efficient adsorbent and catalyst, however, the prepare of MOFs can be extremely time consuming. The rapid in situ microwave synthesis process offers the possibility of MOFs to a large-scale application. In this study, Fe〈sub〉3〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉@MIL-100(Fe) was rapidly prepared via microwave in 30 min using Fe〈sub〉3〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 as metal precursor and applied as the adsorbent and photocatalyst to remove diclofenac sodium (DCF) from water. Fe〈sub〉3〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉@MIL-100(Fe) exhibited an excellent adsorption effect to DCF with the maximum adsorption capacities of 400 mg/L. The presence of H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 could promote the removal of DCF during photocatalytic process. Approximately 99.4% of the DCF was removed in Fe〈sub〉3〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉@MIL-100(Fe)/vis/H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 system via adsorption removal and consequent photocatalytic degradation. The high efficiency was attributed to the large BET surface area (1244.62 m〈sup〉2〈/sup〉/g) and abundant iron metal sites (Fe(III) and Fe(II)) of Fe〈sub〉3〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉@MIL-100(Fe). The adsorptive, photocatalytic property of Fe〈sub〉3〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉@MIL-100(Fe) and the Fenton-like reaction were the main mechanisms for DCF removal. TOC analyzer was served to assess the mineralization of solutions treated by Fe〈sub〉3〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉@MIL-100(Fe)/vis/H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 in 12 h. High elimination of TOC (87.8%) was observed during the DCF mineralization process. In addition, the major products were illuminated using HPLC-Q-TOF-MS and DCF degradation pathways were also proposed.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S030438941930384X-ga1.jpg" width="372" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 373〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Shulong Wen, Keqiang Hu, Yuancai Chen, Yongyou Hu〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉With the short-term exposure to Fe〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉, the mechanism of autotrophic denitrification and sulfide oxidation and the correlation between microbial community changes and environmental factors have been explored in the ADSOB process. RSM was used to optimize conditions for the maximum nitrate reduction and sulfide oxidation. About 88% of nitrate could be autotrophically denitrified to nitrogen by utilizing sulfide as the electron donor with the molar ratio C/N of 1.14 and S/N of 0.99 at pH 7.1. Lower Fe〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 additions can reduce TDS inhibition with dissolved sulfide to form FeS precipitates, while high amount of Fe〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 limited the mass transfer of NO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉 and intermediate products such as S〈sup〉0〈/sup〉 may be generated. High-throughput sequencing and RDA analysis revealed the correlation between ferrous iron, environmental factors and microorganisms. 〈em〉Sulfurospirillum〈/em〉, 〈em〉Rhodanobacter〈/em〉, 〈em〉Thauera〈/em〉 and 〈em〉Thiobacillus〈/em〉 were all slightly promoted at NFL level and inhibited at NFH level. And the narrow angles of the arrows indicated that 〈em〉Thauera〈/em〉, 〈em〉Sulfurospirillum〈/em〉 and 〈em〉Thiobacillus〈/em〉 were positively correlated with SO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉〈sup〉2-〈/sup〉 concentrations, while large angles indicated these bacteria were inversely related with TDS and NO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉- arrows, which further confirmed that these bacteria played a dominant role in the ADSOB process, and can reduce NO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉- by the oxidation of TDS. The correlation further indicated that lower Fe〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 additions have a promoting effect, while high concentrations have an inhibiting effect.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 373〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Zhi-Fang Gao, Hong-Ming Long, Bing Dai, Xiang-Peng Gao〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this study, a novel additive from metallurgical dust(MD)was applied to reduce particulate matter (PM) emissions and heavy metals pollutions during coal combustion. PM samples were collected and divided into 13 stages from 0.03 μm to 10 μm. Results showed that the irregular morphology of fine particles with equal to/less than 2.5 μm (PM〈sub〉2.5〈/sub〉), fine particles with equal to/less than 4 μm (PM〈sub〉4〈/sub〉) and fine particles with equal to/less than10 μm (PM〈sub〉10〈/sub〉) gradually became dense with increasing of MD content. The PM〈sub〉10〈/sub〉 concentration with 10% MD dosage was about 3 times higher than that of raw coal. Zn, Ti, Cu and Cr were the most abundant elements in all particulate matters (PMs), meanwhile, heavy metals accumulated into large particles with increasing MD content. The mechanism of reducing PM emissions indicated that MD reacted with nucleation elements (Pb, Cd, etc.) and trapped a large amount of alkali metal (Na/K), which aggregated into large particles. The study highlights the potential of adding MD into coal to prevent the attachment of heavy metals onto ultrafine particles, thereby reducing the heavy metals emissions.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 373〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Guifen Zhu, Guohao Cheng, Tong Lu, Zhiguo Cao, Lifang Wang, Qianjin Li, Jing Fan〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉An ionic liquid functionalized polymer (IL-P) was prepared feasibly and simply by grafting1-butyl-3-vinylimidazolium bromide onto the silica surface. The IL-P was fully characterized, and the results showed that IL-P has a rough surface with a lower specific surface area (205.49 m〈sup〉2〈/sup〉 g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉), and the involvement of ionic liquid significantly improved the adsorption performance of IL-P. The pH, initial concentration, adsorption time and temperature were investigated to discuss the adsorption behaviors of IL-P in aqueous solution. The adsorption process of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), bisphenol A (BPA) and 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) onto IL-P better fitted the pseudo-second-order model, while that of 2-isonaphthol (2-NP) followed the pseudo-first-order model. The adsorption behaviors of IL-P towards 2,4-DCP and 2,4-DNP fitted well with Liu isotherm model, and that of BPA and 2-NP can be described by Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacities of 2,4-DCP, BPA, 2,4-DNP and 2-NP bound on IL-P was 239.7, 68.39, 56.86 and 64.28 mg g〈sup〉-1〈/sup〉, respectively, and the adsorption of IL-P is a spontaneous physical process. Comparing with other adsorbent, the as-prepared IL-P showed excellent recognition ability towards the phenolic compounds and can be applied to adsorb and remove trace 2,4-DCP, 2-NP, 2,4-DNP and BPA simultaneously in complicated wastewater and soil samples.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419303838-ga1.jpg" width="500" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 June 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 371〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Matteo Masi, Juan Manuel Paz-Garcia, Cesar Gomez-Lahoz, Maria Villen-Guzman, Alessio Ceccarini, Renato Iannelli〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈p〉A mathematical model for reactive-transport processes in porous media is presented. The modeled system includes diffusion, electromigration and electroosmosis as the most relevant transport mechanisms and water electrolysis at the electrodes, aqueous species complexation, precipitation and dissolution as the chemical reactions taken place during the treatment time. The model is based on the local chemical equilibrium for most of the reversible chemical reactions occurring in the process. As a novel enhancement of previous models, the local chemical equilibrium reactive-transport model is combined with the solution of the transient equations for the kinetics of those chemical reactions that have representative rates in the same order than the transport mechanisms.〈/p〉 〈p〉The model is validated by comparison of simulation and experimental results for an acid-enhanced electrokinetic treatment of a real Pb-contaminated calcareous soil. The kinetics of the main pH buffering process, the calcite dissolution, was defined by a simplified empirical kinetic law. Results show that the evaluation of kinetic rate entails a significant improvement of the model prediction capability.〈/p〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 373〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Guisheng Zeng, Bo Ling, Zhongjun Li, Shenglian Luo, Xinzhen Sui, Qian Guan〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉As a regulated pollutant, fluorine compounds affect the health of millions of people all over the world. Their removal using a fluidized bed reactor (FBR) through crystallization process is a new method. Instead of chemical precipitation, which produces large amounts of sludge-containing wastewater hard to recover and treat. In this work, FBR was applied to a typical rare-earth smelting wastewater containing fluorine. Influence of different seed materials, seed size, and seed amounts on the fluorine removal and calcium fluoride recovery in the FBR were studied. When silica sand was used as the seed crystal and the amounts reached 30g, the concentration of fluorine in the actual wastewater decreased to 8.2 mg L〈sup〉–1〈/sup〉 or lower. The removal efficiency of fluorine and recovery ratio of calcium fluoride were obtained as 93.79% and 89.45%, respectively. The particle size of recovered calcium fluoride was about 1.5mm. The results show that FBR with silica sand as seed crystal is a feasible and economical method for removing fluorine and recovering calcium fluoride from rare-earth industrial wastewater.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 373〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Soumitra Payra, Swapna Challagulla, Yamini Bobde, Chanchal Chakraborty, Balaram Ghosh, Sounak Roy〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Due to the severe water pollution from effluent dyes, the need of the hour is to find a suitable dye degradation technology, and appropriate catalyst materials. Semiconducting ZnO was produced by pyrolysis of ZIF-8 template. The materials were well characterized with in situ and ex situ XRD and TGA, FE-SEM, HRTEM, UV-DRS, PL, and FRET. The results showed that upon calcination the body centered cubic ZIF-8 produces hexagonal primitive ZnO while retaining the truncated cubic shaped particles. The materials were screened for photo- and electro-catalytic oxidation of methylene blue. In both the different degradation technologies, ZnO synthesized from ZIF-8 outperformed the ZIF-8. The FRET dynamics showed significant spectral overlap of ZnO emission and the methylene blue absorption. It was found to be responsible for the better photocatalytic efficacy of ZnO samples than ZIF-8. The proposed reaction mechanism showed that the surface-bound reactive oxygen species produced either by light exposure or due to applied bias is key to dye degradation. The cytotoxicity of the untreated and ZnO and ZIF-8 treated dye over melanoma cells was evaluated, and it was found that the cytotoxicity of the degraded dye from ZIF-derived ZnO was less compared to that of ZIF-8 treated one.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419303243-ga1.jpg" width="469" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 373〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Xiaoduo Liu, Jiefu Tian, Yuanyuan Li, Ningfei Sun, Shu Mi, Yong Xie, Ziyu Chen〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Fe〈sub〉3〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 nanoparticles functionalized activated carbon (Fe〈sub〉3〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉/AC) as an adsorbent was prepared and used for fast and effectively removing rhodamine B (RhB) and methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution. Its physical and chemical properties characterized indicate that the adsorbent possesses abundant surface functional groups, sensitive magnetic response and enhanced specific surface area. Batch experiments were carried out to investigate the adsorption capacity and mechanisms. The obtained experimental data fitted well with the general-order kinetic equation and Liu’s isotherm model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 182.48 mg g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 for RhB and 150.35 mg g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 for MO, respectively. The thermodynamic parameter was analyzed further and it showed an exothermic and spontaneous adsorption process. This composite with high adsorption efficiency and rapid magnetic separation can be a promising and recyclable adsorbent for practical wastewater treatment and purification processes.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419303851-ga1.jpg" width="500" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 364〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Disni Gamaralalage, Osamu Sawai, Teppei Nunoura〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉An in-depth study on degradation behavior of palm oil mill effluent (POME) in Fenton oxidation was accomplished with complete carbon and nitrogen balances. Experiments were conducted for real POME with a pH range of 2–5. POME contained high COD (50,000 mg/L), nitrogen (520 mg/L) and phosphorous (510 mg/L). Carboxylic acids and phenol covered 88% of organic carbons while ammonia, NO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉 and NO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉 contributed for 73% of nitrogen. Most of carboxylic acids and phenol were decomposed forming easily-biodegradable formic, phthalic and acetic acids, and further decomposed to carbonate and gaseous carbon dioxide. Part of carbon in liquid phase in POME transferred to solid phase by oligomerization of aromatic compounds. Ammonia was oxidized to NO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉, NO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉 and gaseous N〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 while, acetamide degradation led to ammonia formation. 99.9% of phosphorus was removed. Increasing H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 concentration elevated organic reduction and the highest TOC reduction of 91% was obtained at TOC:H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉:Fe〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 molar ratio of 1:3.7:0.6 within 90–180 min which is extremely faster over the available biological treatments. Under the reaction conditions used in this study, Fenton oxidation at pH 3 showed the best result in terms of TOC reduction. Outcomes of this study will provide a platform for advanced oxidation processes and POME treatment.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 364〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ruiyi Fan, Huiyu Min, Xingxing Hong, Qingping Yi, Wei Liu, Qinglin Zhang, Zhengrong Luo〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this paper, a new core-shell nanostructured magnetic bio-based composite was prepared by immobilizing persimmon tannin (PT) onto Fe〈sub〉3〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉@SiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 microspheres, and the as designed Fe〈sub〉3〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉@SiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉@PT was utilized for adsorptive recovery of Au(III) and Pd(II). The preparation, morphology, composition and magnetic property of Fe〈sub〉3〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉@SiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉@PT were characterized. Adsorption parameters of Fe〈sub〉3〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉@SiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉@PT towards Au(III) and Pd(II) including initial pH, reaction time, initial concentration of metal ions, effect of acidity and interference of coexisting metal ions were investigated. It is sufficiently confirmed that silica was coated on Fe〈sub〉3〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 and persimmon tannin was immobilized on aminated Fe〈sub〉3〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉@SiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉. The thickness of silica and loaded persimmon tannin are around 18 nm and 14 nm, respectively. With only 1.00 wt% of persimmon tannin, however, the maximum adsorption capacities of Fe〈sub〉3〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉@SiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉@PT for Au(III) and Pd(II) were as high as 917.43 and 196.46 mg·g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉, respectively. In addition, after adsorption of Au(III) and Pd(II), the magnetization saturation values (〈em〉Ms〈/em〉) of Fe〈sub〉3〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉@SiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉@PT were high enough to guarantee efficient magnetic seperation. Metallic gold could be facilely recovered from wastewaters containing Au(III).〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418304175-ga1.jpg" width="382" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 365〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Bo Jiang, Yifan Gong, Jianan Gao, Tong Sun, Yijie Liu, Nihal Oturan, Mehmet A. Oturan〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The detoxification process mediated by carboxylic acids (CAs) has received considerable spotlights since CAs are clean reagent and ubiquitous in the natural environments and effluents. Here, we present an exhaustive review on surface-bound/dissolved metals-catalyzed Cr(VI) reduction by CAs and CAs-mediated Cr(VI) reduction by many highly/poorly reductive reagents. The overall mechanisms of Cr(VI) reduction are mainly associated with the coordination of CAs with surface-bound/dissolved metals or Cr(VI,V,IV) species and the electron donating abilities of CAs. Additionally, the general decays of intermediate Cr(V,IV) complexes are clearly emerged in the Cr(VI) reduction processes. The performance of various reaction systems for Cr(VI) reduction that is greatly dependent on the operation parameters, including solution pH, reagent concentration, temperature, coexisting ions and gas atmosphere, are also critically commented. From the study survey presented herein, CAs-mediated Cr(VI) reduction processes exhibit good potential for remediation of various Cr(VI)-contaminated waters/sites. However, there is still a need to address the remained bottle-necks and challenges for the remediation of Cr(VI) mediated by CAs in the related natural attenuation cases and the treatment of industrial effluents. Overall, the present review offers the comprehensive understanding of the Cr(VI) reduction mediated by CAs and provide the engineering community with the guidelines for Cr(VI) remediation in the real-world applications.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 February 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 364〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yajie Shu, Miao He, Jian Ji, Haibao Huang, Shengwei Liu, Dennis Y.C. Leung〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are one of the most important precursors to form the fine particulate matter and photochemical smog, and should be strictly controlled. Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photolysis has provided a facile and an effective way to remove VOCs due to its powerful oxidation capability under mild reaction conditions. However, VUV irradiation would generate ozone which brings about secondary pollution. In this study, ZSM-5 supported Mn-Ce mixed oxides (Mn-xCe/ZSM-5) were fabricated as efficient catalysts for ozone catalytic oxidation (OZCO) process, which were applied in combination with VUV photolysis to remove O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 byproduct and simultaneously facilitate toluene oxidation. The results indicated that the Mn-3Ce/ZSM-5 catalyst considerably enhanced the catalytic degradation efficiency up to 93% for the gas-phase toluene, one of the hazardous VOCs. Meanwhile, almost all the O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 by-product could be eliminated in the process. It was found that the strong interaction of the Mn〈img src="https://sdfestaticassets-eu-west-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/16/entities/sbnd"〉O〈img src="https://sdfestaticassets-eu-west-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/16/entities/sbnd"〉Ce bond and the variable chemical valence of Mn and Ce based species in the mixed oxides would tune the redox capacity of Mn-xCe /ZSM-5. An increase in surface Ce〈sup〉3+〈/sup〉 species and surface density of oxygen vacancies would benefit the adsorption and catalytic transformation of O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 which eventually form the reactive oxygen species over Mn-xCe/ZSM-5.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S030438941830966X-ga1.jpg" width="323" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 366〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Reza Abazari, Ali Reza Mahjoub, Jafar Shariati〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this study, various sonochemical conditions were applied to prepare the microsheets, nanosheets and nanoflowers of a metal-organic framework (MOF; [Zn〈sub〉6〈/sub〉(IDC)〈sub〉4〈/sub〉(OH)〈sub〉2〈/sub〉(Hprz)〈sub〉2〈/sub〉]〈sub〉n〈/sub〉) that is composed of Zn(II) cations coordinated with the linear N-donor piperazine (prz) and rigid planar imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylate (H〈sub〉3〈/sub〉IDC) ligands. The PXRD patterns approved purity of the samples and the FT-IR spectra related the detected bonds and functional groups to [Zn〈sub〉6〈/sub〉(IDC)〈sub〉4〈/sub〉(OH)〈sub〉2〈/sub〉(Hprz)〈sub〉2〈/sub〉]〈sub〉n〈/sub〉 crystals. The morphological results indicated that any changes in the synthesis conditions can affect nucleation and morphology of the nanostructures. The prepared MOF nanosheets and nanoflowers (with particle size average of 95 and 116 nm, respectively) were employed to adsorb the ampicillin, amoxicillin and cloxacillin antibiotics. Then, the MOFs were calcined at 550 ℃ and atmospheric pressure to produce ZnO nanoparticles and the resultant nanoparticles were adopted to photodegrade the antibiotics. These nanoparticles can photodegrade 37% of the amoxicillin compounds within 180 min. Among the examined samples, the nanoflowers demonstrated the highest adsorption capacity by eliminating 92.5%, 88% and 89% of the antibiotic molecules from the 60-ppm amoxicillin, ampicillin and cloxacillin solutions, respectively. Also, these nanoflowers are thermally stable up to 365 ℃. The associated adsorption process was found to follow pseudo-first-order kinetics, in the case of amoxicillin.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418311701-ga1.jpg" width="405" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 366〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jun Zhang, Dandan Zhou, Shuangshi Dong, Nanqi Ren〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Directional deposition has always been a focus issue in the construction of specific heterostructure. Herein, for the first time, we have demonstrated that the CdS could be selectively deposited on {001} or {101} facets of TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 nanosheet, and two different charge transfer processes were formed. First, the selective deposition of CdS on {001} facets of TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 nanosheet ({001}TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉/CdS) would form the Type-II heterostructure, which seriously weakened the redox ability of {001}TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉/CdS and directly resulted in the low photocatalytic performance (4-Chlorophenol (4-CP), 61.92% in 40 min) and serious photocorrosion of CdS. In contrary, the selective deposition of CdS on {101} facets of TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 nanosheet ({101}TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉/CdS) could construct direct Z-scheme heterostructure with significantly increased photocatalytic 4-CP degradation efficiency (96.12%), much higher than pristine TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 nanosheet (87.21%). The hybrids were further modified by carbon nanodots (CDots) ({101}TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉/CdS/CDots) to enhance photocatalytic performance (99.84%). The obtained direct Z-scheme {101}TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉/CdS/CDots showed excellent stability and anti-photocorrosion ability. The synergistic effect between TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 nanosheet, CdS and CDots was expounded through characterization analyses, and the photocatalytic reaction mechanism was proposed in detail. Toxicity assessment authenticated good biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity of {101}TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉/CdS/CDots. Our discovery was expected to drive great advances in the use of TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 nanosheet for environmental remediation.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418311531-ga1.jpg" width="371" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 366〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Zhenhua Xia, Shirong Zhang, Yaru Cao, Qingmei Zhong, Guiyin Wang, Ting Li, Xiaoxun Xu〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Soil washing, which is used to remove heavy metals from soil, is dependent on suitable washing agents. However, there is still a lack of economical, environmentally friendly washing agents with high removal efficiency. In this study, three washing agents, carboxyalkylthiosuccinic acid (CETSA), copolymer of maleic and acrylic acid (MA/AA) and ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA), were used to remove heavy metals from contaminated soil. The influence of washing solution concentration, pH and washing time on heavy metals removal was also investigated. The cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) removal efficiencies increased as washing solution concentrations increased from 0 to 60 g L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉, while they declined as pH increased from 3 to 8. Despite fluctuations between 90 and 120 min, heavy metal removal efficiencies increased continuously from 10 to 90 min. The three agents also effectively reduced the potential risks of Cd, Pb, and Zn in contaminated soil, but only CETSA and MA/AA produced no significant changes in chemical properties. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl, methoxyl, and sulfur groups were related to the heavy metal ions from the soil colloids. Thus, CETSA and MA/AA were suitable washing agents for remediation of heavy metals contaminated soil.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 366〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Chunsheng Li, Ying Xu, Laihao Li, Xianqing Yang, Yueqi Wang〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The toxicity of cadmium (Cd) is the major limitation to its removal using microorganisms. The Cd tolerance of 〈em〉Pichia kudriavzevii〈/em〉 was obviously enhanced by acid stress based on multi-stress cross-protection. RNA-Seq showed that most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the Pentose phosphate pathway, Citrate cycle (TCA cycle), Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis, Peroxisome and Glutathione metabolism were up-regulated by acid stress. The up-regulated expression of genes related to ATP synthesis (〈em〉GOR1〈/em〉, 〈em〉ALD5〈/em〉, 〈em〉ADH4〈/em〉, 〈em〉ADH6〈/em〉, 〈em〉MDH2〈/em〉, 〈em〉IDH1〈/em〉, 〈em〉IDH2〈/em〉, and 〈em〉ATP19〈/em〉) and Cd transport (〈em〉GSTY2〈/em〉, 〈em〉GTO2〈/em〉, 〈em〉GLO2〈/em〉, and 〈em〉YOR1〈/em〉), and the improvement of intracellular GSH level and GST activity, reduced the Cd toxicity towards 〈em〉P. kudriavzevii〈/em〉. Cd efflux by YOR1 played a key role in the decline of intracellular Cd level. Acid stress obviously improved the gene expression levels and activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, and CAT), which inhibited the Cd-induced ROS outburst and oxidative damage of proteins and membrane lipids. In addition, the enhanced expression of 〈em〉HSP12〈/em〉 protected 〈em〉P. kudriavzevii〈/em〉 from the damage of Cd stress. These results provide some important clues to reconstruct robust strains using for Cd removal in aquatic environments.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418311300-ga1.jpg" width="394" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 366〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Xiaodong Zhang, Yang Yang, Xutian Lv, Yuxin Wang, Ning Liu, Dan Chen, Lifeng Cui〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this work, micro-mesoporous UiO-66 was successfully prepared with P123 (EO〈sub〉20〈/sub〉PO〈sub〉70〈/sub〉EO〈sub〉20〈/sub〉) as structure-directing agent by a simple solvothermal method. Adsorption/desorption kinetics of gaseous toluene over pristine UiO-66 and micro-mesoporous UiO-66 were investigated by breakthrough experiments, toluene vapor adsorption isotherm measurements and temperature programmed desorption (TPD) experiments. The interactions between toluene and UiO-66 samples were assessed through the Henry’s law constant (K〈sub〉H〈/sub〉) and the isosteric adsorption heat (ΔH〈sub〉ads〈/sub〉). The micro-mesoporous UiO-66 crystal demonstrated 2.6 times toluene adsorption capacity of the pristine UiO-66 when the P123/Zr〈sup〉4+〈/sup〉 molar ratio was 0.2. Results showed that micropore adsorption was the main adsorption process and the larger pores in micro-mesoporous UiO-66 increased molecular diffusion rate and reduced the mass transfer resistance. This result indicated that micro-mesoporous structures and defect sites had a positive effect on toluene molecules capture. The breakthrough times and the working capacities decreased with the increase of the relative humidity and adsorption temperature. A good thermal stability and reproducibility were revealed over the micro-mesoporous UiO-66 in this paper.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418311270-ga1.jpg" width="353" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 366〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Peilun Xu, Yang Wei, Nana Cheng, Sujing Li, Wei Li, Tianjiao Guo, Xiangqian Wang〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Biological removal of dichloromethane (DCM) from pharmaceutical industry is limited by its recalcitrance. In this study, an airlift packing reactor (ALPR), which combined the suspended and fixed-film microbial growth system, was set up to remove DCM and co-existed toluene. The removal performance of the ALPR for DCM was greater than traditional airlift reactor (ALR). The maximum elimination capacity (〈em〉EC〈/em〉〈sub〉max〈/sub〉) of the ALPR for DCM reached 108 g m〈sup〉−3〈/sup〉 h〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 with removal efficiency (RE) of 41%, increased by 145% if compared to the ALR. The 〈em〉EC〈/em〉〈sub〉max〈/sub〉 for toluene was 172 g m〈sup〉−3〈/sup〉 h〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 with RE of 70%, decreased by 25% if compared to the ALR, which was mainly due to the higher liquid-phase biomass in the ALR. The results of high-throughput sequencing showed that the microbial composition on the packings of the ALPR had a large difference from its liquid-phase or the liquid-phase of the ALR. 〈em〉Gemmobacter〈/em〉, 〈em〉Rhizomicrobium〈/em〉, 〈em〉Chitinophaga〈/em〉, 〈em〉Vampirovibrio〈/em〉, and 〈em〉Fodinicurvata〈/em〉 were genera with great abundance fixed on the packings and 〈em〉Rhizomicrobium, Chitinophaga〈/em〉, 〈em〉Vampirovibrio〈/em〉, and 〈em〉Fodinicurvata〈/em〉 are first to be reported in VOCs biological removal. This study indicated that the ALPR can augment the microbial community and effectively improve the removal of recalcitrant VOCs.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 366〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Feilong Dong, Cong Li, John Crittenden, Tuqiao Zhang, Qiufeng Lin, Guilin He, Weiqiu Zhang, Jinming Luo〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Sulfadiazine (SDZ) has been frequently detected in surface waters in recent years. We evaluated the kinetics, mechanisms, intermediate products and bacterial community structure that result from the reaction of SDZ with free chlorine (HOCl/OCl〈sup〉−〈/sup〉). We examined this in a pilot-scale water distribution system. Neutral pH had the fastest rate of destruction of SDZ. A second-order reaction constant for the destruction of SDZ by chlorine increased with increasing concentration of free chlorine (FC). For different pipe materials, the rate of SDZ degradation decreased as follows: stainless steel (SS) pipe 〉 polyethylene (PE) pipe 〉 ductile iron (DI) pipe. Based on the less complex bacterial diversity and more chlorine-resistant by 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene analysis, SS pipe and PE pipe were more suitable in SDZ degradation in water distribution system (WDS) than DI pipe. In addition, the transformation products from SDZ chlorination were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the products included SO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 extrusion products, haloacetic acids and trihalomethanes. Toxicity tests further confirmed that the toxicity of SDZ chlorination was higher both in low FC (0.7 mg/L) and high FC (1.3 mg/L) in WDS.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418311257-ga1.jpg" width="225" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 366〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Abdul Qadeer Wahla, Samina Iqbal, Samina Anwar, Sadiqa Firdous, Jochen A. Mueller〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Metribuzin (MB) is used for control of weeds in crops like potato, maize and sugarcane. Its extensive and unjudicial use has resulted in various environmental issues; hence it is very critical to remediate this herbicide at the respective point source. Plant associated, MB degrading bacterial strains, 〈em〉Rhodococcus rhodochrous〈/em〉 sp. AQ1, 〈em〉Bacillus tequilensis〈/em〉 sp. AQ2, 〈em〉Bacillus aryabhattai〈/em〉 sp. AQ3 and 〈em〉Bacillus safensis〈/em〉 sp. AQ4 were isolated, and a consortium MB3R was developed. For degradation of MB by the consortium MB3R, various parameters i.e., pH, temperature, inoculum density and pesticide concentration were optimized by using Taguchi design of experiment (DOE). MB degradation was dependent upon all the four factors. The contribution of each factor on MB degradation was according to the order: temperature 〉 inoculum density 〉 pH 〉 pesticide concentration. Fitness of Taguchi DOE in forecasting the optimum response, was confirmed experimentally by using optimized levels of the four factors i.e., pH 7.0, temperature 30 °C, pesticide concentration 45 mg l〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 and an inoculum density of 5.0 × 10 〈sup〉5〈/sup〉 CFU ml〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 whereby 98.63% MB degradation was observed. Appearance and subsequent degradation of three MB metabolites, desamino-metribuzin (DA), diketo-metribuzin (DK) and desamino-diketo-metribuzin (DADK) during biodegradation by the consortium was observed.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 366〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Dorsan S. Moraes, Elizabeth M.S. Rodrigues, Cláudio N. Lamarão, Gisele T. Marques, Augusto F.S. Rente〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉New sodium activated vermiculite was used as Cu〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 adsorbent on water simulating the composition of tailing dam of a copper mine in the north region of Brazil. Starting material was vermiculite applied as thermal insulator and adsorbent of Sigma-Aldrich chemical products packs. Characterization was made by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and N〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 adsorption-desorption (77 K) to raw vermiculite (VERM) and sodium activated vermiculite (NaVERM) and SEM/EDS and FTIR to by-product metal like-xanthate. Activation process was very successful improving the Cu〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 adsorption in acidic medium by vermiculite from 38 to 79%. A bonus of the activation process was a production of metal like-xanthate (MEX) by hydrometallurgical leaching process.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 366〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jing Ouyang, Zai Zhao, Huaming Yang, Junkai He, Steven L. Suib〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Macroporous CeO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉-ZrO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 (CZ) solid solutions with gradually changing ceria content were prepared through the EISA method. Pore sizes of the samples are about 100 nm–1 μm and pore walls are 100 nm–1.5 μm. The surface and near surface reduction bands of Ce〈sup〉4+〈/sup〉 below 600 °C were maximized for the Ce〈sub〉0.5〈/sub〉Zr〈sub〉0.5〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 sample (C5) according to the quantitative de-convolution to the acquired TPR curves. The area percentage of the O〈sup〉2−〈/sup〉2p〈sup〉6〈/sup〉 → Ce〈sup〉3+〈/sup〉3d〈sup〉9〈/sup〉4f〈sup〉2〈/sup〉 electronic transition band on XPS spectra, which related to the concentration of the Ce〈sup〉3+〈/sup〉, was found to be a function of the ceria content. The oxygen storage capacity showed a positive relationship with the chemical compositions. Redox reactions below 600 °C play a key role in determining the reduction performances of ceria based TWCs. Three-way catalytic performances of the Pd + Rh + Pt /C5 sample showed an ignition temperature for CO and NOx at about 240 °C, and finished before 300 °C. The ignition of C〈sub〉3〈/sub〉H〈sub〉8〈/sub〉 started at 270 °C while finished at differed samples. The maximum catalytic efficiencies of CO, NOx, and C〈sub〉3〈/sub〉H〈sub〉8〈/sub〉 on C5 sample were revealed to 100%, 98%, and 97%, respectively. The performances showed that porous CZ solid solutions are suitable for high performance catalytic applications.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418311130-ga1.jpg" width="267" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 366〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Debajyoti Ray, Sanjay K. Ghosh, Sibaji Raha〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The present experimental study describes the characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emitted with 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si4.gif" overflow="scroll"〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mtext〉P〈/mtext〉〈mtext〉M〈/mtext〉〈/mrow〉〈mn〉2.5〈/mn〉〈/msub〉〈/math〉 particles during wood and rice straw burning as well as impacts of photochemical ageing on the half lives of particulate PAHs and their diagnostic ratio values. The photochemical degradation kinetics experiments were carried out by exposing the 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si4.gif" overflow="scroll"〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mtext〉P〈/mtext〉〈mtext〉M〈/mtext〉〈/mrow〉〈mn〉2.5〈/mn〉〈/msub〉〈/math〉 to light and synthetic air flow. Pseudo first order rate constants were calculated based on PAH loss as a function of exposure time. Relatively quick degradation of lighter PAHs (3-rings) [〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si12.gif" overflow="scroll"〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉(〈/mo〉〈mn〉0.2〈/mn〉〈mo〉–〈/mo〉〈mn〉0.5〈/mn〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉)〈/mo〉〈mtext〉 〈/mtext〉〈msup〉〈mtext〉h〈/mtext〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉-〈/mo〉〈mn〉1〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/msup〉〈/math〉] than heavier PAHs (4–6 rings) [〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si13.gif" overflow="scroll"〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉(〈/mo〉〈mn〉0.0005〈/mn〉〈mo〉–〈/mo〉〈mn〉0.03〈/mn〉〈mo stretchy="false"〉)〈/mo〉〈mtext〉 〈/mtext〉〈msup〉〈mtext〉h〈/mtext〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉-〈/mo〉〈mn〉1〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/msup〉〈/math〉] indicates substantial impact of PAH–substrate interaction through 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si14.gif" overflow="scroll"〉〈mi〉π〈/mi〉〈mo〉-〈/mo〉〈mi〉π〈/mi〉〈/math〉 stacking with the carbonaceous substrates. Moreover, our results showed distinct PAH diagnostic ratios (DR) for wood and rice straw burnings which, however, change with time due to photochemical degradation. The later may add uncertainties in the applications of DR values for source apportionment. Furthermore, considerably large half lives (100–3000 h) of the carcinogenic PAHs as estimated under ambient solar radiation may cause poor and adverse air quality in long range and therefore demands immediate regulations against uncontrolled biomass burning.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 365〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Martina Kolackova, Amitava Moulick, Pavel Kopel, Marek Dvorak, Vojtech Adam, Borivoj Klejdus, Dalibor Huska〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Nanotechnology, new fascinating field of science, is bringing many application’s options. However, it is necessary to understand their potential environmental risk and toxicity. Zinc selenide quantum dots (ZnSe QDs) are getting valuable due to wide industrial usage, mainly as cadmium free diodes or stabilizing ligand. Thanks to unique properties, they could also open the possibilities of application in the agriculture. Their effects on living organisms, including plants, are still unknown. Therefore, the attention of this work was given to antioxidant response of 〈em〉Arabidopsis thaliana〈/em〉 to 100 and 250 μM ZnSe QDs foliar feeding. ZnSe QDs treatment had no statistically significant differences in morphology but led to increased antioxidant response in the leaves at the level of gene expression and production secondary antioxidant metabolites. Concurrently, analysis of growth properties of 〈em〉Agrobacterium tumefaciens〈/em〉 was done. 250 μM ZnSe solution inhibited the 〈em〉Agrobacterium tumefaciens〈/em〉 viability by 60%. This is the first mention about effect ZnSe QDs on the plants. Although QDs induced oxidative stress, the apply treatment dose of ZnSe QDs did not have significant toxic effect on the plants and even no morphological changes were observed. However, the same amount of ZnSe QD induced an inhibitory effect on 〈em〉Agrobacterium tumefaciens〈/em〉.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S030438941831094X-ga1.jpg" width="325" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 366〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): C. Wang, Z.W. Zhang, H. Liu〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Endotoxins are widely distributed toxins in the outer cell-wall membranes of Gram-negative bacteria and other microorganisms. Chronic exposure to endotoxins can induce and exacerbate airway symptoms and diseases. However, the release and degradation of airborne endotoxins from bioaerosol by microwave (MW) irradiation have not yet been reported. This study investigated the distribution and fate of airborne endotoxins during MW irradiation process, as well as the kinetics and thermodynamics of the degradation of airborne endotoxins. Results showed that MW irradiation induced cell lysis, thus considerably increasing the proportion of cells with ruptured membranes. Furthermore, MW irradiation changed the distribution of airborne endotoxins, sharply decreased the concentration of bound endotoxins from 230 EU/m〈sup〉3〈/sup〉 to 68 EU/m〈sup〉3〈/sup〉, and increased the concentration of free endotoxins from 21 EU/m〈sup〉3〈/sup〉 to 122 EU/m〈sup〉3〈/sup〉. These results indicated that MW irradiation released endotoxins from cells into the atmosphere. MW irradiation likely degraded endotoxins by exerting thermal effects, which achieved a total endotoxin removal efficiency of as high as 35%. Endotoxin degradation was a first-order reaction and required the activation energy of 26.3 kJ/mol.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418311178-ga1.jpg" width="305" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 367〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Munish Shorie, Harmanjit Kaur, Gaganpreet Chadha, Kulvinder Singh, Priyanka Sabherwal〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Highly fluorescent, water-stable graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots (gCN QDs) synthesized by microwave assisted solvo-thermal technique and characterized 〈em〉via〈/em〉 optical spectroscopy, XRD, HR-TEM, Fluorescence spectroscopy, FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy. Synthesized gCN were used for the removal of mercury ions from polluted water samples in a microcartridge format. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed a possible interaction of mercury atoms, and embedment of mercury atom onto synthesized gCN surface lead to moderate structural distortion, reduced band gap and altered dielectric response. Experimentally, the excitation dependent fluorescence of QDs is highly compromised in presence of mercuric (Hg〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉) and other ions, validating the theoretical findings, and establishing their use as metal sensor probes. Hg〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 binding ability with gCN QDs was further utilized in developing bioinspired micro-cartridge 〈em〉via〈/em〉 covalent conjugation to Agarose microbeads. Micro-cartridge can remove heavy metal contamination from polluted water with a binding efficiency of 24.63 mg HgCl〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 for 10 mg of Agarose-gCN conjugate.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418312640-ga1.jpg" width="257" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 367〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Zhuo Zhang, Guanlin Guo, Xintong Li, Qianchen Zhao, Xue Bi, Kening Wu, Honghan Chen〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Schwertmannite has attracted increasing interest for its excellent sorption for pollutants such as arsenite [As(III)] and arsenate [As(V)]. Limited studies were conducted with hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], especially for schwertmannite synthesized through Fe〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 oxidation. The effect of the hydrogen-peroxide (H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉) supply rate on the structural characteristics and Cr(VI) adsorption capacity of schwertmannite is unclear. The morphology, crystallinity, specific surface area (SSA), pore volume and Cr(VI) adsorption of schwertmannite through Fe〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 oxidation at different H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 supply rates were analyzed. A slow H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 supply could improve the schwertmannite SSA and pore volume. Schwertmannite changed from nanoparticle aggregates (169.31 m〈sup〉2〈/sup〉/g SSA, 0.20 cm〈sup〉3〈/sup〉/g pore volume) to ball-with-whisker-shaped particles (228.75 m〈sup〉2〈/sup〉/g SSA, 0.30 cm〈sup〉3〈/sup〉/g pore volume) with a lower H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 supply rate. The Cr(VI) adsorption capacity increased by 6.25%–11.70% at different given Cr(VI) concentrations. The maximum Cr(VI) adsorption capacity of schwertmannite was 1.89 mmol/g at pH 6.0. Cr(VI) adsorption onto schwertmannite may be attributed mainly to ion exchange with the structural SO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉〈sup〉2–〈/sup〉. More than 91% of the original Cr(VI) adsorption capacity was maintained after four recycles. This study provides novel insights into the effects of H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 supply rate on the microstructure of schwertmannite and its adsorption capacity for Cr(VI) in aqueous medium.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418312652-ga1.jpg" width="340" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 367〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Haiyang Zhang, Shujuan Ma, Ya Li, Junjie Ou, Yinmao Wei, Mingliang Ye〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Hierarchically porous materials with multiple pore structures have the potential application in catalysis, separation or bioengineering. A concept was introduced to design and fabricate hierarchically porous hybrid materials (HPHMs) simultaneously containing mesopores and macropores. The proof-of-concept design was demonstrated by fabrication of several kinds of hybrid materials by adding degradable polycaprolactone (PCL) additive, which was simple and easy-operating. The specific surface areas of HPHMs prepared with polyhedral oligomeric vinylsilsesquioxanes (vinylPOSS) and 1,4-dithiothreitol (DTT) could reach 727 m〈sup〉2〈/sup〉/g by adding 25% PCL additive, while the HPHMs were imperforate prior to degradation of PCL. The characterization further indicated that the macropores could be controlled by the amount of PCL additive. Moreover, the porous properties of HPHMs were influenced by the molecular weight of PCL. Other dithiols compounds were also successful in preparing HPHMs with high specific surface areas over 400 m〈sup〉2〈/sup〉/g. Due to hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bond interaction, the HPHM exhibited good adsorption ability for bisphenol A (BPA) in aqueous solution. Adsorption equilibrium could be achieved within 30 min, and the adsorption capacity was up to 157.4 mg/g. Meanwhile, the removal efficiency was found to be 95.37% for BPA.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 367〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): T. Stoichev, E. Tessier, J.P. Coelho, M.G. Lobos Valenzuela, M.E. Pereira, D. Amouroux〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The concentrations of inorganic mercury (IHg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in surface sediments from the contaminated Aveiro Lagoon (Portugal) were determined by species-specific isotope dilution analysis. Different behaviour of IHg and MeHg was observed based upon multiple regression analysis, including geochemical characteristics of the surface sediments (fine fraction, concentrations of organic matter and metals) and non-Euclidean distances between sampling points. This data treatment method was valid over the entire concentration range of IHg and MeHg, allowing robust quantitative evaluation with respect to extrapolation. For IHg, there was statistical separation of the dispersion away from the contamination source and of Al concentration in the sediments. The MeHg concentrations followed those of IHg at high concentrations. The geochemical variables, such as concentrations of Ca (marine influence proxy), Mn and organic matter, were necessary to describe the behaviour of MeHg across the whole concentration range. The models for MeHg demonstrated that, close to the mouth of the lagoon, net production of MeHg was higher. In future, multiple regression analysis could be applied to separate and to evaluate quantitatively the effects of geochemistry and dispersion away from the contamination source in sediments contaminated with other substances.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418312561-ga1.jpg" width="270" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 367〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Deyou Yu, Minghua Wu, Qian Hu, Lili Wang, Chencheng Lv, Lu Zhang〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Developing new heterogeneous catalysts has attracted much attention and is of significant importance for the efficient catalytic ozonation of organic pollutant. Herein, for the first time, we explored four environmental-benign iron-based MOFs (Fe-MOFs) for the catalytic ozonation reaction. These Fe-MOFs were characterized by PXRD, FT-IR, SEM, XPS, N〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 sorption-desorption isotherms and chemisorbed-pyridine IR. All Fe-MOFs show high catalytic performances with their intrinsic Lewis acid sites (LAS). Furthermore, MIL-53(Fe) demonstrates the highest catalytic activity because of its largest amount of LAS and suitable porosity-derived attractive mass-transfer property. The Rhodamine B (RhB) degradation kinetic rate is calculated to be 5.76 min〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 with MIL-53(Fe), while 1.82 min〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 with MIL-88B(Fe), 1.40 min〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 with MIL-101(Fe), 0.87 min〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 with MIL-100(Fe) and 0.43 min〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 of ozonation alone. The TOC removal in MIL-53(Fe)/O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 system is 4 times higher than that of ozonation alone. MIL-53(Fe) displays acceptable reusability and stability after 5 cycles. Surface LAS of MIL-53(Fe) are the active sites for the ozone decomposition. Moreover, surface-adsorbed hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical and singlet oxygen are confirmed as the reactive oxygen species from ozone decomposition in MIL-53(Fe) suspension. This work offers new platforms for catalytic ozonation and may drive the development of MOFs-based catalytic ozonation for effective water treatment.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418312573-ga1.jpg" width="268" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 367〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Vahid Khatibikamal, Ali Torabian, Homayon Ahmad panahi, Majid Baghdadi〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this work, a novel adsorbent with stabilizing of PAMAM dendrimer on the surface of sand was successfully synthesized and used to remove NP from water. The characterization of the adsorbent was performed by XRD, FTIR, TEM, and FE-SEM. Batch and column studies were conducted to evaluate the performance of the adsorbent. It was found that Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second order models are perfectly stimulated the adsorption behavior and kinetic rate of NP uptake. In column study, first the effect of bed depth, flow rate and initial concentration of NP on the performance of the adsorbent were evaluated then the breakthrough curve for each condition was drawn. Finally, Thomas model constants to describe NP adsorption were calculated. As the result of the experiments, it might be concluded that in conventional water treatment plants which the removal of NP is negligible, the use of synthesized adsorbent as a filter media can be a promising way to selectively remove NP from water.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 367〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Mingyi Ren, Shiming Ding, Zhen Fu, Liyuan Yang, Wanying Tang, Daniel C.W. Tsang, Dan Wang, Yan Wang〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Antimony (Sb) mobilization in sediments and its impact on water quality remained to be studied. In this study, high-resolution dialysis (HR-Peeper) and diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique were used to measure soluble Sb and labile Sb in sediment-overlying water profiles for a full year in a eutrophic region of Lake Taihu. Results showed that the highest mean concentrations of soluble Sb in overlying water (11.27 and 6.99 μg/L) appeared in December 2016 and January 2017, due to oxidation of Sb(III) to Sb(V) by Mn and Fe oxides, all of which exceeded the surface or drinking water limits set by China, United States and European Union. From April to November 2016, the concentrations of soluble Sb remained low with small monthly fluctuations and mean values ranging from 1.79 to 2.93 μg/L. This was attributed to the predominance of insoluble Sb(III) in sediments under anoxic conditions. The concentration of soluble Sb was slightly higher in summer than in autumn, due to the complexation of Sb(III) with DOM, as shown under anaerobic incubation. The mobility of inorganic Sb in sediments was mostly determined by the transition between Sb(III) and Sb(V), with Sb pollution in bottom water during winter being of concern.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418312500-ga1.jpg" width="463" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 367〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Annu Pandey, Swati Sharma, Rajeev Jain〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The herbicide Triclopyr (TCP) is widely applied to minimize the growth of woody plants. Monitoring of TCP is of major environmental concern due to its adverse impact on aquatic organisms, soils and animals. Electrochemical behavior of TCP was investigated at C〈sub〉70〈/sub〉 decorated PANI modified glassy carbon sensor (PANI/C〈sub〉70〈/sub〉/GC). The experimental parameters, such as concentration, pH, amplitude, frequency, deposition potential were optimized. The modified sensor exhibited an excellent catalytic response towards the reduction of TCP with a well-defined reduction peak at 1.72 V. The developed sensor was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The electrochemical measurements were carried out using square wave (SWV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The modified sensor exhibited linear calibration curve for TCP over a concentration range of 10 ngmL〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉–100 ngmL〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 with detection limit of 1.9 ngmL〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉. The developed sensor could detect TCP efficiently without any interference from the common metabolites. The voltammetric procedure was applied successfully to real sample analysis with high sensitivity and good selectivity.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418312329-ga1.jpg" width="218" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 367〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jin Wuk Lee, Yu-Jin Shin, Hokyun Kim, Heejung Kim, Jieun Kim, Su-A Min, Pilje Kim, Seung Do Yu, Kyunghwa Park〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Metformin has been treated for diabetes (type 2). Nowadays, this compound is frequently found in ambient water, influent/effluent of a wastewater treatment plant. To evaluate the metformin aquatic toxicity under a multi-generational exposure regimen, we exposed 〈em〉Oryzias latipes〈/em〉 to metformin for two generations (133 d) and investigated its adverse effects. In the F0 generation, metformin significantly elevated gene expression for cytochrome P450 19a (CYP19a) and estrogen receptor α (ERα) in male fish; in female fish, the treatment decreased gene expression of vitellogenin (VTG2) and ERβ1, suggesting endocrine disruption (one-way ANOVA, 〈em〉p〈/em〉 〈  0.05). Intersex occurrence of F0 female fish were found in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas no significant changes in fecundity and hatching rate were observed (〈em〉p〈/em〉 〈  0.05). Metformin increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, and decreased the glutathione (GSH) content in F0 male fish compared with those of the control (one-way ANOVA, 〈em〉p〈/em〉 〉  0.05). In F0 female fish, metformin increased catalase activity compared with that of the control (〈em〉p〈/em〉 〉  0.05). The results demonstrated that metformin leads to oxidative stress and two-generation endocrine disruption in 〈em〉O. latipes〈/em〉. These results may be useful for better understanding metformin toxicity mechanism.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 24 December 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Islam Ibrahim, Chrysoula Athanasekou, Georgios Manolis, Andreas Kaltzoglou, Nektarios K. Nasikas, Fotios Katsaros, Eamonn Devlin, Athanassios G. Kontos, Polycarpos Falaras〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 photocatalysis is an advanced process, employed worldwide for the oxidation of organic compounds, that leads to significant technological applications in the fields of health and environment. The use of the photocatalytic approach in reduction reactions seems very promising and can open new horizons for green chemistry synthesis. For this purpose, titanium dioxide nanotubes (TNTs) were developed in autoclave conditions using TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 P25 as a precursor material. Based on these nanotubular substrates, TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉/CoFe〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 (TCF) nanocomposites were further obtained by wet impregnation method. The materials were thoroughly characterized and their structural, textural, vibrational, optoelectronic and magnetic properties were determined. The composite materials combine absorbance in the visible optical range and high BET surface area values (˜100 m〈sup〉2〈/sup〉/g), showing extremely high yield in the photocatalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), exceeding 94% within short illumination time (only 35 min). The developed nanocomposites were successfully reused in consecutive photocatalytic experiments and were easily removed from the reaction medium using magnets. Both remarkable recycling ability and high-performance stability in the photocatalytic reduction of nitrophenol were observed, thus justifying the significant economic potential and industrial perspectives for this advanced reduction process.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418312391-ga1.jpg" width="301" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 367〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yan Zhao, Zhijuan Cao, Huichu Li, Xiujuan Su, Yingying Yang, Chao Liu, Jing Hua〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Association of prenatal air pollution exposure with maternal thyroid hormone (TH) levels remains unclear, especially during early pregnancy when even small changes in maternal TH could affect fetal neurodevelopment. We examined the effect of air pollution exposure on maternal TH levels in the second trimester of pregnancy. Serum concentrations of free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in 8077 pregnant women were measured by fluorescence and chemiluminescence immunoassays. Prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM〈sub〉2.5〈/sub〉) and nitrogen dioxide (NO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉) was estimated using land use regression models. FT4 levels were significantly inversely associated with both PM〈sub〉2.5〈/sub〉 and NO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 exposure. A 10 μg/m〈sup〉3〈/sup〉 increase in NO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 exposure in first trimester and PM〈sub〉2.5〈/sub〉 exposure in second trimester was associated with 0.61% (95% CI, -0.88% to -0.35%) and 0.73% (95% CI, -1.25% to -0.20%) decrease in FT4 levels, respectively. PM〈sub〉2.5〈/sub〉 exposure was also associated with elevated odds of maternal hypothyroxinemia. A 10 μg/m〈sup〉3〈/sup〉 increase in PM〈sub〉2.5〈/sub〉 exposure in both first and second trimester was associated with 28% (OR = 1.28, 95% CI, 1.05–1.57) and 23% (OR = 1.23, 95% CI, 1.00–1.51) increase in the odds of maternal hypothyroxinemia, respectively. Our findings suggest that air pollution may interfere with maternal thyroid function during early pregnancy.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 366〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Li Mu, Qixing Zhou, Yujie Zhao, Xiaowei Liu, Xiangang Hu〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Oil spills occur frequently worldwide, resulting in severe damage to water and to human health. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the primary toxic components in oil contamination. PAH-degrading microbes have attracted significant attention, but difficulty in their selection and proliferation limits their applications. Graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) improve the proliferation of an indigenous PAH-degrading strain, 〈em〉Bacillus cereus,〈/em〉 more effectively than large graphene oxide flakes. 〈em〉Bacillus cereus〈/em〉 can metabolize a variety of xenobiotic aromatic compounds as carbon sources and is used in bioremediation. GOQDs contain a variety of aromatic hydrocarbon structures, explaining why the bacteria achieve strong tolerance to PAHs. GOQD-activated cytokinesis increases the secretion of substances important for biofilm formation (extracellular polymeric substances), which further accelerates PAH removal. Proteomic analysis reveals the molecular mechanisms underlying GOQD-induced microbial proliferation. GOQDs induce the overexpression of microbial divisomal proteins associated with division initiation, DNA replication and peptidoglycan hydrolysis/synthesis. Importantly, PAH removal mediated by GOQD-treated 〈em〉Bacillus cereus〈/em〉 does not require the addition of GOQDs. The effects of GOQDs on a strain persist for at least 20 generations, suggesting their possible use in low-cost applications. This work proposes a strategy to remove oil contamination using an indigenous bacterial system enhanced by nanomaterials.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418311841-ga1.jpg" width="338" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 367〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Zaisheng Yan, Zheng Hao, Huifang Wu, Helong Jiang, Mingzhong Yang, Changhui Wang〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Understanding environmental and spatial gradient influences on sediment microbial communities, especially the communities of highly contaminated subsurface sediments, has received great attention with respect to natural attenuation and bioremediation. Here, we investigated the spatial variation and the co-occurrence patterns of microbial communities in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated riverine sediments by using spatial-series 16S rRNA gene data. The results showed that species from the surface and subsurface sediment samples tended to show greater co-occurrence patterns and facilitative interactions in the sediment microbial community as environmental severity increased. Microorganisms in the heavier PAH-contaminated sediment have stronger relationships and are more centrally clustered within the network compared to microorganisms in the lower PAH-contaminated sediment. The core communities harbored the keystone species (〈em〉Dechloromonas〈/em〉, 〈em〉Crenothrix〈/em〉, 〈em〉Desulfuromonadales〈/em〉, 〈em〉Xanthomonadales〈/em〉, 〈em〉Anaerolineaceae〈/em〉 and 〈em〉Dehalococcoidales〈/em〉), which responded to changes in the environmental and spatial gradients. The sediment PAH concentrations, ferrous iron and vertical distance were identified as the main drivers in determining the bacterial community assembly. The keystone species were linked to PAHs biodegradation coupled with iron cycling in sediments and could orchestrate core communities to perform ecosystem processes. Overall, these findings provide new insight into microbial community assembly and contribute to harnessing their functions in ecosystems for bioremediation.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418312202-ga1.jpg" width="500" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 367〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Nadira Najib, Christos Christodoulatos〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) functionalized by introduction of trimethylammonium chloride were investigated for the uptake of arsenate [As(V)] from aqueous solutions. The modified-CNF was characterized using Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS), argentometric titration, Boehr titration, zeta-potential, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourrier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET), and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The modified-CNF was effective for As(V) removal from laboratory and field samples. The As(V) adsorption was rapid and equilibrium was attained within two hours. The kinetic data were adequately described by the pseudo-second-order kinetics model suggesting that As(V) adsorption onto modified-CNF involves electrostatic forces and bonds between As(V) and adsorption sites. The adsorption isotherm data were well correlated with model. The modified-CNF exhibited an As(V) adsorption capacity (q〈sub〉e〈/sub〉) of approximately 25.5 mg g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉. Competitive adsorption between As(V) and anions including NO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉, NO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉, and SO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉〈sup〉2−〈/sup〉 was investigated and the results showed negligible influence on As(V) removal. However, PO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉〈sup〉3−〈/sup〉 presence slightly reduced As(V) adsorption. Thermodynamics study showed that the As(V) adsorption onto modified-CNF is temperature dependent and is spontaneous and exothermic. Overall, the results of this study demonstrated that modified-CNF offers a propitious alterative for As(V) removal from water.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 366〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Milad Rezaee, Gholamreza Asadollahfardi, Cesar Gomez-Lahoz, Maria Villen-Guzman, Juan Manuel Paz-Garcia〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉A physiscochemical model is presented for the reactive-transport of chemical scpecies through a contaminated soil during an acid-enhanced electrokinetic remediation treatment. Numerical simulations in the specific case of the removal of cadmium and lead from spiked kaolinite, compared with experimental results from the literature. The reactive-transport based on the local chemical equilibrium assumption, including a surface complexation to model the adsorption of cations (metals and protons). Comparison of simulation results show different beavior of the target metals, as cadmium is mainly retaind by surface interaction while lead is retained by precipitation of a solid phase.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 367〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Gongduan Fan, Minchen Bao, Xiaomei Zheng, Liang Hong, Jiajun Zhan, Zhong Chen, Fangshu Qu〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Metal-organic Frameworks (MOFs) as a new type of nanomaterials are extensively used in various fields of environment pollution remediation. However, the MOFs are rarely applied in the removal of cyanobacterial blooms, and more fundamental investigation is warrant for more insights into mechanisms for algae inhibition. In this study, Cu-MOF-74 was synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method, and its inhibitory effect on the growth of 〈em〉Microcystis aeruginosa〈/em〉 was studied. Furthermore, its mechanisms were explored with respect to metal ion release, agglomeration, shading and algal cell membrane breakage, production of extracellular hydroxyl radical and intracellular reactive oxygen species. The results showed that the inhibition rate of 〈em〉M. aeruginosa〈/em〉 was 372% after 24-h exposure when the concentration of Cu-MOF-74 exceeded 1 mg/L. However, the addition of Cu-MOF-74 at the concentration lower than 0.1 mg/L promoted the algal growth. The inhibition of algal growth by Cu-MOF-74 was basically attributed to the presence of hydroxyl radical and intracellular reactive oxygen species, with the released Cu〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 and cell aggregation involved to some extent. Overall, nanocrystalline Cu-MOF-74 is of great potential in the control of harmful cyanobacterial blooms and the inhibition is specific to the concentration of Cu-MOF-74.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418312196-ga1.jpg" width="383" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 367〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Shujuan Zhang, Xiaoxiao Chen, Limin Song〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Novel BiF〈sub〉3〈/sub〉/BiOBr heterojunction photocatalysts were prepared from a fast and stable microwave-assisted method, and characterized by X-ray diffractometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of BiF〈sub〉3〈/sub〉/BiOBr heterojunctions under light irradiation was significantly higher than pure BiOBr or BiF〈sub〉3〈/sub〉, and was maximized at the Br:F molar ratio of 1:1, as the targeted 20 mg/L Rhodamine B (RhB) solution was completely degraded within 40 min. This was mainly because the unique BiF〈sub〉3〈/sub〉/BiOBr heterojunction formed during photocatalytic degradation accelerated the photoelectron and hole separation, effectively enhanced the quantum efficiency, and thereby strengthened the photocatalytic activity.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 366〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yingfeng Wang, Jianchuan Wen, Xuehong Ren, Yuyu Sun〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The reactions of a monomeric N-halamine, 1-chloro-5,5–dimethylhydantoin (MCDMH), and a mesoporous material-supported N-halamine (MMSNs) with phenol and 〈em〉p〈/em〉-cresol (two common contaminants in water) were investigated. MCDMH reacted rapidly with the phenolic compounds, and pH values had little effects on the reactions. On the contrary, MMSNs reacted with phenol and 〈em〉p〈/em〉-cresol only when the pH values were higher than 10. Phenol showed a lower reaction rate than 〈em〉p〈/em〉-cresol toward MMSNs. GC〈img src="https://sdfestaticassets-eu-west-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/16/entities/sbnd"〉MS analysis suggested that MMSNs might react with the phenolic compounds through step-wise electrophilic chlorination reactions, and the main product was 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. The reaction kinetics were studied by following the disappearance of phenolic UV absorption bands, and the kinetic parameters were determined.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418311919-ga1.jpg" width="345" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 367〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Olga Marchut-Mikołajczyk, Piotr Drożdżyński, Bartłomiej Januszewicz, Jarosław Domański, Krystyna Wrześniewska-Tosik〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Aniline-degrading yeast strain 〈em〉- Candida methanosorbosa〈/em〉 BP-6 was tested for its ability to degrade ground tire rubber, treated and non-treated with ozone. The protein content, respiratory activity, critical oxygen concentration (COC) and emulsifying activity of the yeast strain were monitored during 21 day degradation process. The effects of biodegradation were evaluated using aldehyde detection, Scanning Electrone Microscope (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Pre-treatment of ground tire rubber with ozone resulted in lower microbial growth. However, metabolic condition of the 〈em〉C. methanosorbosa〈/em〉 BP-6 yeast strain was higher in sample with ozonized tire rubber. Furthermore, the COC values in the last days of the process were about 30% lower regarding non-ozonized polymer. Also, the ozonization of tire rubber resulted in higher biosurfactant production of the yeast strain. The roughness and visible gaps in rubber matrix (SEM analysis) confirmed the ability of 〈em〉Candida methanosorbosa〈/em〉 BP-6 yeast strain for tire rubber biodegradation.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 366〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Wenguang Huang, Hua Yang, Shujuan Zhang〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The potential of acetylacetone (AA) as a mediator of laccase has been tested in the enzymatic transformation of malachite green (MG). AA inhibited the laccase-induced transformation of MG at the beginning of incubation but extended the working life of laccase in long runs. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, the transformation of MG in the laccase-AA system was systematically investigated. The inhibition of AA on the enzymatic transformation of MG conformed to the partial mixed model. The transformation of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (NTB) was identified as the rate-controlling step in the laccase system. The generated NTB was oxidized to NTB〈sup〉〈img src="https://sdfestaticassets-eu-west-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/16/entities/rad"〉〈/sup〉〈sup〉+〈/sup〉 by laccase, which acted as a redox mediator to accelerate the transformation of MG. The addition of AA to the enzymatic system quenched the NTB〈sup〉〈img src="https://sdfestaticassets-eu-west-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/16/entities/rad"〉〈/sup〉〈sup〉+〈/sup〉 by forming an intermediate complex of AA-NTB. This quenching reaction led to two contrary effects: the acceleration caused by NTB〈sup〉〈img src="https://sdfestaticassets-eu-west-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/16/entities/rad"〉〈/sup〉〈sup〉+〈/sup〉 in the enzymatic transformation of MG was inhibited whereas the formation of AA-NTB complex enhanced the further transformation at the later stage. As a result, less laccase was consumed, which explained the extended working life of laccase in the long runs. The understanding of these mechanisms are helpful for the better use of laccase as a green biocatalyst.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418311683-ga1.jpg" width="381" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 366〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Chae-Jin Na, Mi-Ji Yoo, Daniel C.W. Tsang, Hyoun Woo Kim, Ki-Hyun Kim〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉As formaldehyde (FA) is well-known for its carcinogenic potential, various techniques for its removal have been developed based on recovery (〈em〉e.g〈/em〉., adsorption/absorption and condensation) or destructive treatment (〈em〉e.g〈/em〉., incineration and thermal/ catalytic oxidation). Among them, adsorption has been one of the most preferable options due to its low price and simplicity. In this review, we summarize state-of-the-art knowledge about adsorption mechanisms with respect to its key controlling variables (〈em〉e.g〈/em〉., surface chemical properties of adsorbent, temperature, and relative humidity) and adsorption performance of materials with particular emphasis on advanced materials (〈em〉e.g〈/em〉., carbon nanotubes, metal-organic frameworks, graphene oxides, and porous organic polymers) and their modified forms in comparison with conventional sorbents (〈em〉e.g〈/em〉., AC and zeolite). However, it is yet difficult to assess the adsorption capacity of each material on a parallel basis because adsorption experiments of each material were conducted under different conditions (〈em〉e.g〈/em〉., large differences in the initial loading concentrations). The partition coefficient (PC) was employed for evaluating adsorption performance between different materials at an equivalent level to overcome the limitation based on adsorption capacity concept. For instance, among the list of the surveyed materials, the highest PC was recorded by γ-CD-MOF-K (31.2 mol kg〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 Pa〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉). This study should offer valuable insights into the selection and development of outstanding materials for the sorptive removal of FA.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418311518-ga1.jpg" width="333" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 367〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Bruno Dufau Mattos, Lucas Rafael da Silva, Irisdoris Rodrigues de Souza, Washington Luiz Esteves Magalhães, Daniela Morais Leme〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Nano-engineered delivery systems have emerged as possible solutions for more efficient pest management in agriculture. Likewise for nanostructured drug delivery systems (DDS) in medicine, the use of biocide delivery systems (BDS) brought concerns on their toxicology on non-targeted organisms. Plants, for instance, are the foundation of the ecosystem, acting as primary actor in the food chain and is associated with the whole biodiversity, being strictly related to human health. This is a very important consideration to fully understand the benefits of using delivery systems for crop protection and production. Herein, a biocide delivery system was prepared by loading nanostructured, microscaled, biogenic silica particles with thymol, a known phytotoxicant. The resulting system contains 120 mg of thymol per gram of silica and displays slow release features. The 〈em〉Allium cepa〈/em〉 bioassay was chosen to demonstrate how the toxicity and cellular damages induced by thymol can be significantly reduced through a slow, controlled, release strategy. The lower mobility of the reference particles associated with slow-delivery features reduced the toxicity and cellular damages caused by thymol in the plant genetic model.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418312664-ga1.jpg" width="304" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 367〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Mehdi Vahabzadeh Bozorg, Mehdi Bidabadi, Vahid Bordbar〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this research, the combustion of iron dust cloud through a narrow channel is simulated. Particles are randomly distributed within a rectangular control volume. Both conductive heat transferred from ignited to unignited particles and radiative heat scattered from burning particles are considered in the simulation. Radiative heat loss to the ambient gas as well as conductive heat loss to the channel walls are also taken into account. Besides, in conjunction with uniform size dust clouds, conditions in which the dust cloud is composed of poly-sized iron particles are considered to calculate flame propagation speeds and quenching distances. The results are compared with the existing experimental data. The comparison shows that they are in good agreement with the experimental measurements. Generally, an increment in dust cloud concentration leads to flame front velocity enhancement. Furthermore, flame propagation through iron powders composed of smaller particles is faster, and the quenching distance is lower. In addition, the effects of both channel wall temperatures and channel width on combustion characteristics of iron particles are investigated. The results show that flame propagation velocity usually increases with increasing the channel width. Besides, when wall temperature increases, the flame front speed increases and the quenching distance decreases.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 367〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Dongmei Chen, Daoqian Chen, Rongrong Xue, Jun Long, Xianhui Lin, Yibin Lin, Lianghai Jia, Rensen Zeng, Yuanyuan Song〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal for both animals and plants. Rice consumption is a major source of Cd intake for human. Minimization of Cd accumulation in rice is key to reduce Cd hazard to human. Here we showed alleviating effects of boron (B), silicon (Si) and their mixture on Cd accumulation and toxicity in hydroponically-cultured rice plants. Cd treatment (100 μM) led to Cd accumulation in roots and shoots, as well as significant reduction in plant growth. However, amendment of either B or Si significantly alleviated Cd accumulation and toxicity. Moreover, simultaneous supply of B and Si showed better alleviating effect. However, addition of B and Si alleviated Cd-induced oxidative stress in Cd-treated plants as reflected by reduced MDA, H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 and O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉, as well as increased activities of major antioxidant enzymes. Cd exposure induced the expression of Cd transporter genes of 〈em〉OsHMA2〈/em〉, 〈em〉OsHMA3〈/em〉, 〈em〉OsNramp1〈/em〉 and 〈em〉OsNramp5〈/em〉. In contrast, simultaneous supplement of B and Si in Cd-treated plants compromised the gene expression. Our results show that both B and Si alleviate Cd accumulation and toxicity by improving oxidative stress and suppressing Cd uptake and transport, and the two elements display joint effect.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 367〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Georgia Gatidou, Olga S. Arvaniti, Athanasios S. Stasinakis〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Microplastics are plastic fragments lower than 5 mm that are detected in the environment causing various effects on organisms. Several research articles have recognized Sewage Treatment Plants as important sources of polyethylene and polypropylene beads, polyester, polyamide and other types of microplastics. For their determination, techniques such as visual identification using microscope, Fourier-transform infrared and RAMAN spectroscopy are used, while chemical oxidation, enzymatic maceration and density separation are applied as pretreatment methods for the removal of the inorganic and organic content. Microplastics’ concentrations range up to 3160 particles L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉, 125 particles L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 and 170.9 × 10〈sup〉3〈/sup〉 particles Kg〈sup〉-1〈/sup〉 TS dw in raw, treated wastewater and sludge, respectively. Their removal during wastewater treatment ranges between 72% and 99.4%; the main processes that contribute to their removal are primary and secondary treatment, while the effect of tertiary treatment depends on the applied technology. Entrapment in suspended solids and accumulation to sludge are the major mechanisms governing their fate. A standardized protocol for samples’ collection and pretreatment as well as microplastics’ isolation and characterization is needed; future reseach should investigate the possible chemical and physical changes of microplastics during treatment, and their role as carriers for the transfer of emerging micropollutants.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418312305-ga1.jpg" width="347" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 367〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Rajesh Ghosh, Avinash Sahu, S Pushpavanam〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Ion foam fractionation is a green and cost-effective technology where separation of molecules exploits the difference in surface affinity. In this work, a batch ion foam fractionation system was designed and optimized for the separation of trace hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from aqueous solutions. The effect of surfactant head groups (collectors) on the adsorption dynamics was analyzed. Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), a cationic surfactant showed high efficiency for the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. An experimental investigation of the effect of different operational parameters on the separation characteristics is presented. The recovery of Cr(VI) increased with the increase in CTAB/Cr(VI) molar ratio and reached a maximum of 92.5% at optimum operating conditions. However, with CTAB concentrations close to the critical micelle concentration (CMC) wet foams were produced resulting in high liquid hold-up and poor enrichment ratio. The presence of Cr(VI) at the gas-liquid interface significantly improved the drainage characteristics of the foam decreasing the liquid hold-up. Further, a three-stage ion foam fractionation unit was developed with Cr(VI) removal efficiency of more than 99%. The concentration of Cr(VI) in the residue after the three-stage operation was less than 0.02 mg/L which is below the USEPA recommended standards for drinking water.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418312548-ga1.jpg" width="378" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 367〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Fengtai Liu, Wenjing Xiong, Xinrui Feng, Lei Shi, Dawei Chen, Yibo Zhang〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉A novel monolithic adsorption material (ZnS-ZIF-8) was well prepared by means of the functionalized filter paper and explored for Hg (II) capture in wastewater in this work. The novel monolith ZnS-ZIF-8 displayed outstanding capture efficiency toward Hg (II) in the solution containing competitive diverse metal ions within very short time. The adsorption behavior was well fitted with the Langmuir adsorption model and the maximum adsorption capacities for Hg (II) removal was up to 925.9 mg/g. The Hg (II) captured by ZnS-ZIF-8 can be reclaimed by elution with Na〈sub〉2〈/sub〉S solution. The approach of this novel monolith adsorption material displayed the advantages of rapidity, simplicity, selectivity and could be expected to the development of a rapid and efficient device to purify Hg (II) from wastewater in form of the integration filter-adsorption column.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418312470-ga1.jpg" width="272" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 367〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Taotao Zhu, Xiangju Ye, Qiaoqiao Zhang, Zhenzhen Hui, Xuchun Wang, Shifu Chen〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this study, a new photocatalytic reaction system for simultaneous selective oxidation of aromatic alcohols to corresponding aldehydes and reduction of protons to H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 has been developed. The results reveal that compared with pure ZnIn〈sub〉2〈/sub〉S〈sub〉4〈/sub〉, the ZnIn〈sub〉2〈/sub〉S〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 photocatalysts modified with noble metal gold (Au/ZnIn〈sub〉2〈/sub〉S〈sub〉4〈/sub〉) significantly promote the photocatalytic performance. Among them, the 0.5% Au/ZnIn〈sub〉2〈/sub〉S〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 nanosheets shows the highest photocatalytic activity for selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde and hydrogen production, and the yields of H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 and benzaldehyde are 326.68 and 352.04 μmol under visible light irradiation for 4 h, respectively. Those are about 4.4 and 3.6 times higher than those of pure ZnIn〈sub〉2〈/sub〉S〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 sample (74.0 μmol H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 and 98.04 μmol benzaldehyde), respectively. The utilization ratio of photogenerated electrons to holes can achieve 92.8%. Additionally, the control experiments demonstrate that the photogenerated electrons and holes play significant roles during the reaction process. It is hoped that the current work can offer an avenue to utilize the photogenerated carriers more efficiently and to develop other photocatalytic reaction systems, such as nitrogen fixation and reduction of carbon dioxide.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418312421-ga1.jpg" width="255" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 367〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Tianliang Zheng, Yamin Deng, Yanxin Wang, Hongchen Jiang, Edward J. O’Loughlin, Theodore M. Flynn, Yiqun Gan, Teng Ma〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Determining the temporal variation of microbial communities in groundwater systems is essential to improve our understanding of hydrochemical dynamics in aquifers, particularly as it relates to the fate of redox-sensitive contaminants like arsenic (As). Therefore, a high-resolution hydrobiogeochemical investigation was conducted in the As-affected alluvial aquifer systems of the Jianghan Plain. In two 25 m-deep monitoring wells, the seasonal variation in the composition of groundwater microbial communities was positively correlated with the change in groundwater level (R = 0.47 and 0.39 in NH03B and NH05B, respectively, 〈em〉P〈/em〉 〈  0.01), implying that the latter could be a primary driver of the seasonal microbial dynamics. In response to the fluctuating groundwater level, iron (Fe) reducers within the 〈em〉Desulfuromonadales〈/em〉 were dominant (9.9 ± 4.7% among different sampling sites) in groundwater microbial communities during the monsoon season and associated with high concentrations of Fe(II) and As, while the predominance (16.7 ± 15.2% among different sampling sites) of iron-oxidizers the 〈em〉Gallionellaceae〈/em〉 was accompanied by low Fe(II) and As in the non-monsoon season. These results suggest that microbially-mediated iron reduction/oxidation may have governed the seasonal mobilization/scavenging of As in groundwater. Our results provide new insights into mechanisms responsible for seasonal variations in groundwater As concentrations in similar aquifer systems.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418312366-ga1.jpg" width="326" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 367〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jian-lin Wu, Fenfen Ji, Hongna Zhang, Chuanqin Hu, Ming Hung Wong, Di Hu, Zongwei Cai〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Triclosan, a widely used antimicrobial agent, can increase colitis-associated colon tumorigenesis, and induce liver fibrosis and cancer in mice through mechanisms which may be relevant in humans. In this study, an analytical method using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and high resolution gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC-HRMS) was developed to measure dioxins and chlorinated derivatives from triclosan in the presence of active chlorine in seawater matrix. Formation yields of dioxins and chlorinated triclosans were assessed at different initial precursor concentrations under dark and UV light irradiation conditions. Results showed that triclosan was rapidly transformed to its chlorinated derivatives, i.e. tetraclosans and pentaclosans, of which the formation yields peaked after 1 h of reaction. UV light was the key factor to promote the formation of dioxins. With the same initial triclosan/active chlorine ratio, the highest yield of dioxins was observed with lower initial concentrations of triclosan under UV irradiation. Five dioxins, including 2,8-DCDD, 1,2,8-TrCDD, 2,3,7-TrCDD, 1,2,3,8-TeCDD, and 2,3,7,8-TeCDD, were identified and quantified. 2,3,7,8-TeCDD, the most toxic dioxin, was firstly reported as the photo-transformation product of triclosan in aquatic solution. Results presented here are useful for a comprehensive understanding of the fate and toxicity of triclosan in contaminated waters.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418312378-ga1.jpg" width="266" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 367〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Horng-Jang Liaw, Yuan-Ruei Liou, Ping-Hui Liu, Hao-Ying Chen, Chi-Min Shu〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Industrial use of ionic liquids may require exposure to high temperatures. We demonstrate that such applications may result in an increase in flammability hazard due to chemical decomposition. The ionic liquid, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C〈sub〉6〈/sub〉mim][Cl]), was selected as the study sample. The flash point and other properties were measured using a commercially available flash point analyzer, a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), an integrated TGA-FTIR system, and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. We found that thermal decomposition occurred with the release of chloromethane, 1-chlorohexane, 1-hexene, 1-methylimidazole, and 1-hexylimidazole as [C〈sub〉6〈/sub〉mim][Cl] was heated. Such decomposition changed the components of the residual liquid phase. Vaporization of the [C〈sub〉6〈/sub〉mim][Cl] decomposition products increased the mass loss rate on TGA as [C〈sub〉6〈/sub〉mim][Cl] was heated to high temperatures, resulting in a high concentration of flammable gases and a decrease in the flash point, which increased the flammability hazard.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 367〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yaxin Zhang, Ye Tian, Duofei Hu, Jinshi Fan, Maocai Shen, Guangming Zeng〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The goal of this study was to investigate the immobilization effect of vermicomposted sewage sludge for Pb, Cd and Cr in the sediment under simulated 〈em〉in situ〈/em〉 conditions using column test. Positioning 10% dw of vermicompost at the bottom layer of the column resulted in an average decrease of Pb, Cd and Cr in the leachate of 93, 97 and 75.5%, with the accumulated adsorbed amount of 11.80, 4.81 and 5.62 mg g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉, respectively. Fluorescence Excitation‒Emission Matrix (EEM) combined with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) was adopted to identify the components in DOM (dissolved organic matter) that were efficient for the immobilization of heavy metals. The 4‒component PARAFAC model established showed that DOM was dominated by a protein‒like material (component C1), and three humic‒like materials (component C2, C3 and C4). The humic substances formed the organo‒metal complexes with Pb, Cr and Cd, hence, the metal ions were sequestered by the sorbent. Also, as calculated by the bivariate coefficients, the C2/C1 ratios can be liable parameters for assessing the retaining capability of vermicompost for heavy metals. Generally, vermicompost can be used as a promising 〈em〉in situ〈/em〉 sorbent for the remediation of heavy metal polluted sediments.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 367〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Xiaohui Dai, Shuxin Zhang, Geoffrey I.N. Waterhouse, Hai Fan, Shiyun Ai〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are very promising adsorbents for the removal of anionic pollutants from water. However, the low adsorption efficiency and recycling difficulty of conventional LDH powders are obstacles to practical applications. Herein, a novel Zn/Fe-LDH composite sponge was successfully fabricated using a simple in-situ hydrothermal method. Characterization studies revealed that the composite sponge contained flower-like Zn/Fe LDH microspheres uniformly dispersed throughout a poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) sponge matrix. The specific surface area of the Zn/Fe-LDH composite sponge was 42.5 m〈sup〉2〈/sup〉 g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉, approximately 5 times higher than the pristine PVA sponge (8.9 m〈sup〉2〈/sup〉 g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉). Adsorption experiments revealed that Zn/Fe-LDH composite sponge exhibited a much higher adsorption ability for As(V) anions and methyl orange (MO) compared with a Zn/Fe-LDH powder or the pristine PVA sponge. The maximum adsorption capacity for As(V) was found to be 85.7 mg g〈sup〉-1〈/sup〉. Furthermore, the Zn/Fe-LDH composite sponge showed high thermal stability, good mechanical stability and easy recoverability, thereby allowing reuse. Results guide the development of improved, low cost water treatment materials.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S030438941831241X-ga1.jpg" width="448" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 367〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Sanping Zhao, Hailing Xi, Yanjun Zuo, Shitong Han, Yongbing Zhu, Zhanguo Li, Ling Yuan, Zhicheng Wang, Changcai Liu〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The activation process of the B(OH)〈sub〉3〈/sub〉-activated H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 solution and its performance toward toxic industrial chemicals (TICs) and chemical warfare agents (CWAs) were investigated to find an efficient way to destroy TICs and CWAs. 〈sup〉11〈/sup〉B NMR analysis proved that B(OH)〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 reacted rapidly with basic H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 to produce peroxoborates ([B(OH)〈sub〉(4−〈/sub〉〈em〉〈sub〉x〈/sub〉〈/em〉〈sub〉)〈/sub〉(OOH)〈em〉〈sub〉x〈/sub〉〈/em〉]〈sup〉−〈/sup〉), and the proportional contents were closely related to the pH and temperature. 〈sup〉1〈/sup〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 and ·O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉 were generated, and their production increased exponentially with pH. TICs thioanisole and paraoxon were used as simulants of CWAs to investigate the decontamination performance and nucleophilic/oxidizing reactivity of the B(OH)〈sub〉3〈/sub〉-activated H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉. Batch experiments proved that peroxoborates acted as the oxidants for the primary oxidation of the sulfide at a pH range of 8–12 and that ·O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉 was responsible for the further oxidation of sulfoxide. Paraoxon degraded through OOH〈sup〉−〈/sup〉-mediated S〈sub〉N〈/sub〉2 displacement with high stereo-selectivity, and the degradation rate increased exponentially with pH. Mustard gas, soman, and VX degraded effectively into nontoxic products in the B(OH)〈sub〉3〈/sub〉-activated H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 solution. A pH of 9–11 was recommended as the suitable acidity for developing the B(OH)〈sub〉3〈/sub〉-activated H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 solution to be a candidate for nucleophilic/oxidizing decontaminant, with advantages in rapid activation and low loss rate of reactive oxygen species.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 366〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Shuang Zhao, Hongtai Zhu, Hang Wang, Pietro Rassu, Zhan Wang, Peng Song, Dewei Rao〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this study, a graphene oxide (GO) membrane with tunable interlayer spacing was fabricated by a facile method combining the inter-layer modification with external treatment. Congo red (CR), a negatively charged dye with π-orbital-rich groups, was adsorbed on nonoxide regions (G regions) of GO nano-sheets; thus, the interlayers were cross-linked by Ca〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 ions through chelating reaction. GO@CR nano-sheets π−π stacking interactions were changed by thermal reduction of the GO/Ca/CR membrane using a hot-pressing method. A broader effective inter-layer spacing control of the GO membrane in wet condition was achieved (from 7.7 ± 0.2 Å to 11.7 ± 0.25 Å). With the decrease of effective inter-layer spacing, the rejection of dyes and heavy metal ions gradually increased (i.e., methylene blue (99.5%), Cu〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 (98.6%), Ni〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 (97.2%), Pb〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 (97.2%) and Cd〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 (99.1%) at 7.7 Å) and a sufficient permeation flux was also achieved (17.1 L/m〈sup〉2〈/sup〉·h·bar). Meanwhile, the diffusion mechanism of water molecules inside the interlayer gallery of GO laminates was explored by climbing image nudged elastic band (cNEB) method. The hydrogen bonding between water molecules and hydroxyl groups constrained the diffusion of water molecules; consequently, partially reduced hybrid GO membrane can show a better permeability for water and superior rejection for heavy metal ions.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 366〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Maolin Wang, Shijun Wu, Jianan Guo, Xiaohang Zhang, Yongqiang Yang, Fanrong Chen, Runliang Zhu〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉As one of the most toxic heavy elements, humans are mainly exposed to cadmium (Cd) via daily diets and smoking. Calcite can be used as an amendment directly or precipitated in situ based on microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) technology to immobilize Cd in soil with potential release of Cd due to calcite dissolution. Therefore, we converted microbial-induced calcite to less soluble hydroxyapatite and investigated the phase and morphology evolutions of the solids, as well as the immobilized efficiency, distribution and release of Cd. The results showed that the conversion of calcite to hydroxyapatite enhanced Cd removal efficiency up to 1.67% and 33.14% compared to the MICP process and adsorption by calcite, respectively. Accordingly, the released Cd decreased up to 94.10% and 99.96%, respectively. Our findings demonstrated that the conversion of calcite to hydroxyapatite might control the environmental behavior of heavy metals like Cd and can potentially be applied for soil remediation.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418311890-ga1.jpg" width="265" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 367〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yu Shang, Meiying Wu, Jizhi Zhou, Xing Zhang, Yufang Zhong, Jing An, Guangren Qian〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Fine particles (PM〈sub〉2.5〈/sub〉) emitted from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) contain high amounts of toxic compounds and pose a serious threat to environment and human health. In this study, entire particles as well as extracted water-soluble and -insoluble fractions of PM〈sub〉2.5〈/sub〉 collected from MSWI and biomass incineration (BMI) were subjected to physiochemical characterization and cytotoxic tests in A549 and BEAS-2B cells. MSWI PM〈sub〉2.5〈/sub〉 had higher contents of heavy metals (including Pb, Zn, and Cu) and dioxins (PCDD/Fs) than did BMI PM〈sub〉2.5〈/sub〉. The metals were enriched in the water-insoluble fraction, as measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. BMI PM〈sub〉2.5〈/sub〉 had a higher content of endotoxin, which was also enriched in the water-insoluble fraction. MSWI PM〈sub〉2.5〈/sub〉 caused more serious cell injuries, as indicated by the lower viability, higher ROS generation, and DNA damage, whereas BMI PM〈sub〉2.5〈/sub〉 presented higher pro-inflammatory potential, as indicated by increased mRNA levels of interleukin 6. Normal human BEAS-2B cells were more sensitive than A549 cells in all these tests. Toxic effects caused by MSWI and BMI PM〈sub〉2.5〈/sub〉 were mostly attributable to their water-insoluble fractions. Our results indicate different chemical and biological compositions in MSWI and BMI PM〈sub〉2.5〈/sub〉 probably dominate in different toxic endpoints 〈em〉in vitro〈/em〉.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418312147-ga1.jpg" width="258" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 367〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Dainan Yu, Xingxing Xie, Bo Qiao, Wenjing Ge, Lixin Gong, Dan Luo, Dalei Zhang, Yuezhen Li, Bei Yang, Haibin Kuang〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Acrylamide, a carcinogen and neurotoxic substance, recently has been discovered in various heat-treated carbohydrate-rich foods. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of acrylamide exposure on placental development. Pregnant mice received acrylamide by gavage at dosages of 0, 10, and 50 mg/kg/day from gestational days (GD) 3 until GD 8 or GD 13. The results showed that acrylamide feeding significantly decreased the numbers of viable embryos and increased the numbers of resorbed embryos on GD 13. Acrylamide exposure reduced the absolute and relative weight of placentas and embryos, and inhibited the development of ectoplacental cone (EPC) and placenta, as shown by the atrophy of EPC and reduced placental area. Acrylamide markedly reduced the numbers of labyrinth vessels. Expression levels of most placental key genes such as 〈em〉Esx1〈/em〉, 〈em〉Hand1〈/em〉, and 〈em〉Hand2〈/em〉 mRNA dramatically decreased in acrylamide-treated placentas. Furthermore, acrylamide treatment inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of placentas, as shown by decreased Ki67-positive cells and Bcl-2 protein, and increased the expression of Bax, cleaved-caspase-3, and cleaved-caspase-8 proteins. In conclusion, our results indicated that gestational exposure to acrylamide inhibits placental development through dysregulation of placental key gene expression and labyrinth vessels, suppression of proliferation, and apoptosis induction in mice.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 367〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Qiao Ma, Ziyan Liu, Bingyu Yang, Chunxiao Dai, Yuanyuan Qu〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Indole is a common 〈em〉N〈/em〉-heterocyclic pollutant as well as a signaling molecule widespread in various environmental matrices. Several bacterial strains have been reported to be able to degrade indole, while the degradation capacity and functional enzymes are poorly documented. Herein, the degradation characteristics of a newly-isolated indole-degrading strain 〈em〉Burkholderia〈/em〉 sp. IDO3 were carefully investigated. Strain IDO3 exhibited superior degradation ability which could completely remove 100 mg/L indole within 14 h in mineral salt medium. It maintained comparable degradation performance under conditions of pH 4.0–9.0, temperature 25–35 °C and rotary speed 0–250 r/min, and most of the tested heavy metals and organic pollutants did not significantly affect the degradation process. Two important intermediates, i.e. isatin and anthranilate, were identified in indole degradation process. The genomic clone library technique with indigo-based screening method was successfully applied to screen the functional genes. Heterologous expression assay proved that recombinant 〈em〉E. coli〈/em〉 strain carrying indole oxygenase and reductase genes 〈em〉iifCD〈/em〉 could transform indole to indigo. Bioinformatic analyses indicated that the newly obtained enzyme IifC_IDO3 formed a phylogenetically separate branch from other related aromatic oxygenases. This study provides new insights into our understanding of indole degradation by 〈em〉Burkholderia〈/em〉 strains and offers efficient bacterial resource for indole bioremediation.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 366〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Xiaojun Wang, Ruili Yang, Yan Guo, Zhaoji Zhang, Chih Ming Kao, Shaohua Chen〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This study aimed to investigate the importance of COD (chemical oxygen demand) and ratio of COD and nitrogen (COD/N) in influencing the dominance of anammox pathway to N-removal in anammox systems, which had been widely researched and results were not yet conclusive. Results showed that N-removal efficiency increased with increasing organic substrate, while the anammox contribution to N-removal decreased as confirmed by isotope labelling technique. Excessively high TN (total nitrogen) concentrations were detrimental to N-removal, and TN of 600 mg L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 was optimized. Specific COD of 300 mg L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 (a threshold value above which anammox was less active) was synergistic for N-removal. Moreover, Illumina sequencing and qPCR techniques uncovered that while the microbial community composition was relatively stable for all treatments, abundances of denitrifier were positively correlated with increase of COD, which was counter-productive for anammox abundance. Structure equation model indicated that COD was more important with respect to maintain the anammox stability than the COD/N ratio. Furthermore, experiment and model fittings revealed that anammox contributed more than 80% of N-removal when COD was below 55.7 mg L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉, and approximately 50% at 220–300 mg L〈sup〉-1〈/sup〉 COD, respectively. These data formed a reference for regulation of anammox systems in real-world applications.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418311762-ga1.jpg" width="308" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 366〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Juan C. Sanchez-Hernandez, Juan Manuel Ríos, Andrés Maximiliano Attademo, Alessio Malcevschi, Ximena Andrade Cares〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Potential harmful effects of spent coffee grounds (SCGs)-derived biochar on earthworms (〈em〉Lumbricus terrestris〈/em〉) were investigated through two complementary experiments, which assessed the avoidance response of earthworms to biochar-amended soils (experiment 1), and the response of oxidative stress biomarkers and digestive enzymes (experiment 2). The main results were: 1) the highest dose of biochar (5% w/w) caused a significant avoidance response of earthworms (75% individuals avoided these treated soils after 48 h); 2) signs of oxidative stress were early detected in earthworms exposed to biochar (1 and 5% w/w) as indicated by the integrated biological response index; 3) earthworms exposed to biochar-amended soils for 30 d experienced a significant increase of digestive enzyme activities measured in both the gastrointestinal tissue and the luminal content; 4) interaction between earthworms and biochar led to a higher soil extracellular enzyme activities in the 1% biochar treatment than that of control and 5% biochar treatments. These findings suggest that the joint application of SCG-biochar and 〈em〉L. terrestris〈/em〉 is a workable approach for improving soil quality in terms of soil biochemical promotion, although earthworms may develop some physiological mechanisms of biochar tolerance (antioxidant defenses).〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418311725-ga1.jpg" width="500" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 367〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Tao Feng, Jinjin Xu, Chaofan Yu, Kuan Cheng, Ye Wu, Ying Wang, Fengting Li〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Lead is one of the most toxic elements, which has been well recognized for its negative effect on the environment and human beings. But, preliminary methods such as chemical precipitation, membrane separation etc. and commonly used adsorbents based on adsorption technology were found to be expensive and inefficient. In this study, we modify the surface of melamine sponge (MS) with polydopamine (PDA) and then coat with glutathione/graphene oxide (GG) as the adsorbent (MS@GG) to removal Pb(II) from aqueous solutions and fly ash leachate. The maximum adsorption capacity of MS@GG was calculated to be 349.7 mg Pb/g GG, and the reaction reached equilibrium in 30 min which were both higher than raw GG material and most previously reported adsorbents due to active sites on the surface of GG, as well as the unique macroporous and hydrophilic structure of MS. Meanwhile, based on its easy separation, by using HCl as the regeneration agent, the materials revealed good reproducibility. In addition, when MS@GG was applied for the removal of Pb(II) in fly ash leachate, the removal efficiency reached up to 99.24%, indicating that the novel MS@GG was the promising candidate adsorbent material for Pb(II) removal.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418311932-ga1.jpg" width="346" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 366〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Monick Nazareth, Mônica R.C. Marques, Marcia C.A. Leite, Ítalo Braga Castro〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Concerns about plastic pollution and global public policies have encouraged consumers to acquire environmentally friendly products. Thus, products made of biodegradable plastics have been preferred by the public, despite their costs. However, greenwashing practices, promising more environmental benefits than the products actually offer, has become frequent. Nevertheless, no studies assessing the occurrence of greenwashing in commercial plastic products sold in large world economies have been performed. The present study aimed to experimentally evaluate alterations in structure and chemical composition of selected plastic products marketed in Canada, USA and Brazil. The aging experiments carried out by seawater immersion for 180 days showed no evidence of degradation in 4 out of the 6 studied samples, despite product claims of biodegradability or 100% degradability status. This finding denotes unequivocal greenwashing practices, even including bags made of polyethylene, an ordinary non-biodegradable polymer. Thus, the inadequate adoption of green marketing is deceiving to consumers and may lead to improper disposal of these materials. These practices are highly counterproductive in view of the global public policies recently adopted to control plastic pollution. Therefore, considering the technologies currently available for identification of polymers, a strict control should be exercised over products that claim biodegradable status.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 367〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jinsung An, Buyun Jeong, Kyoungphile Nam〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The effectiveness of 〈em〉in situ〈/em〉 stabilization in the long-term As-contaminated soil was assessed. 〈em〉In situ〈/em〉 stabilization of As was conducted through a Fe-based sorbent amendment. Chemical extractability of As was first determined by solubility/bioavailability research consortium extraction method and any change in human health risk through oral ingestion was characterized. Also, nonspecifically bound As in soil was determined by five-step sequential extraction. The results indicate that such extractable fractions of As decreased, and consequently risk through oral ingestion decreased probably due to hematite transformed from both the goethite in the original soil and the Fe-based sorbent, which was identified through the X-ray absorption spectroscopy. In ecotoxicity test with 〈em〉Hordeum vulgare〈/em〉, root and shoot elongation and germination rate decreased which was contrary to the chemical extraction data. Such increase in As toxicity is because of increased exchangeable Ca〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 concentration causing As accumulation in the membrane surface of 〈em〉H. vulgare〈/em〉. Also, adsorption of phosphorus onto the Fe-based sorbent decreased available phosphorus concentration causing phosphorus deficiency for growth. Our results demonstrate that the effectiveness of 〈em〉in situ〈/em〉 stabilization should be evaluated by means of both chemical extractability and biological response, as chemical analysis alone may not be sufficient to assess the ecotoxicity.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418311907-ga1.jpg" width="462" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 366〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ying-Fei Yang, Chi-Yun Chen, Tien-Hsuan Lu, Chung-Min Liao〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉While a large body of literature has shown that microplastics (MPs) are highly likely to be accumulated in marine organisms and terrestrial animals, information about toxicity of MPs in mammal from a mechanistic point of view is more limited. Our paper fills this knowledge gap by assessing polystyrene (PS)-MPs-mice system based on toxicity-based toxicokinetic/toxicodynamic (TBTK/TD) modeling to quantify organ-bioaccumulation and biomarker responses appraised with published dataset. The key TBTK-parameters for mice liver, kidney, and gut posed by 5 or 20 μm PS-MPs could be obtained. We found that gut had the highest bioaccumulation factor (BCF) of ∼8 exposed to 5 μm PS-MPs with a mean residence time of ∼17 days. We showed that threshold concentrations of 5 and 20 μm PS-MPs among the most sensitive biomarkers were 8 ± 5 (mean ± SE) and 0.71 ± 0.14 μg g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 bw, respectively, implicating that particle size was likely to affect TK/TD behavior in mice. The mice-based TK parameters and threshold criteria greatly assist in designing robust researches to evaluate MP consumption by humans. We establish a TBTK/TD framework for mechanistically assessing potential from mice size-specific MPs exposure that would offer a tool-kit for extrapolating to humans from health risk assessment perspective.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418311889-ga1.jpg" width="308" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 366〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ceren Bayraç, Gülnur Camızcı〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Patulin is a naturally produced toxin having potential carcinogenic properties. It is mainly produced by species of 〈em〉Penicillium〈/em〉 growing on fruits, especially on apples. Detoxification of patulin, therefore, is very important for providing food safety. In this study, sulfhydryl-terminated, silica coated iron oxide beads were investigated as a multi-use sorbents for effective recovery of patulin from apple juice. The effect of beads amount, contact time, pH and temperature were evaluated for high adsorption capacity and the results showed maximum adsorption capacity at a reaction condition of 1.5 mg of beads for 4 h incubation at pH 7.2 and 25 °C. These sorbents were highly effective both in aqueous solution and apple juice with adsorption efficiencies of 99% and 71.25%, respectively. Adsorption process was explained by Langmuir isotherm model with pseudo-second order kinetic model. Thermodynamic parameters described spontaneous adsorption of patulin onto beads with high feasibility and preferences. The reusability of sulfhydryl coated magnetic beads was shown for at least four times without any significant decreases in efficiency. Results showed that this sorbent had potential for removal of patulin from apple juice without any negative effects on final quality parameters, Brix, color, clarity, total sugar and titratable acidity.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418311415-ga1.jpg" width="243" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 366〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Xiaolei Ye, Shenghui Guo, Wenwen Qu, Li Yang, Tu Hu, Shengming Xu, Libo Zhang, Bingguo Liu, Zimu Zhang〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The exploration of the dielectric properties of waste hydrodesulfurization catalysts has important guiding significance for the development of microwave heat treatment of waste hydrodesulfurization catalysts for the recovery of valuable metals. The resonant cavity perturbation technique was used to measure the dielectric properties of waste catalyst and the mixture of waste catalyst and Na〈sub〉2〈/sub〉CO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 during roasting from room temperature to 700 °C at 2450 MHz. The heating properties of the waste catalyst and mixture of waste catalyst and Na〈sub〉2〈/sub〉CO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 were determined in the microwave field. The results show that the waste catalyst and the mixture of waste catalyst and Na〈sub〉2〈/sub〉CO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 exhibit strong microwave response capability, and the dielectric constant, dielectric loss factor, and dielectric loss tangent increase with increasing temperature; from 20 to 300 °C, the waste catalyst and the mixture of waste catalyst and Na〈sub〉2〈/sub〉CO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 heated at a slower rate, while the material heated rapidly from 300 to 700 °C. In addition, the mechanism of microwave action has been proposed based on the study of dielectric properties and heating properties in the microwave field.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418311646-ga1.jpg" width="399" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 367〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Kumbam Lingeshwar Reddy, Suneel Kumar, Ajay Kumar, Venkata Krishnan〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Approaches towards maximum utilization of solar light spectrum for photocatalysis have currently attracted great interest. The combination of profoundly different properties, such as, upconversion, semiconducting and plasmonic properties can produce a favorable path in efficient utilization of the different regions of solar light reaching to earth. In this regard, design and fabrication of microstructures consisting of upconverting lanthanide doped nanophosphors coated with porous semiconducting material, TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 and decorated with plasmonic Ag-Cu bimetallic nanoparticles is presented in this work. These microstructures display great stability and exceptional photocatalytic activity by absorbing wide spectrum from ultraviolet to near infrared. The photocatalytic activity could be attributed to the synergistic effects between the different components and the efficient energy transfer between them. The development of such sort of hybrid microstructures could pave way for the development of new materials for the efficient utilization of the wide spectrum of sunlight.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389419300044-ga1.jpg" width="367" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 368〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Biao Feng, Zhao Yang, Zijian Lv, Rui Zhai, Yubo Chen, Wenzhong Zhao〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Refrigerants with low global warming potential (GWP), will play an important role in the research of alternative refrigerants and the development of new refrigerants, but most of them are flammable. And the actual environment of the refrigeration system varies with different factors, especially gas disturbance. In this paper, the combustion characteristics of four refrigerants, i.e., isobutane (R600a), ethylene (R1150), propane (R290), and 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (R1234yf) under the conventional static and the gas disturbance were studied. Firstly, the flame characteristics and lower flammability limits (LFLs) of the refrigerants were investigated. Then the special combustion phenomena were observed and analyzed in the presence of the gas disturbance, and an improved method for better defining the LFLs of the flammable gases under the disturbance was proposed. Finally, the experimental results show that the LFLs of the three natural refrigerants under specific low disturbance are lower than that in normal conditions, but except for R1234yf. It was found that the specific disturbance may enhance the combustion intensity by comparing the burning time of visible flame under the two conditions. The results have guiding significance for the safe application of flammable refrigerants.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418312688-ga1.jpg" width="462" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 367〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Chaofan Zheng, Huaili Zheng, Yongjuan Wang, Yongjun Sun, Yanyan An, Hongxia Liu, Shuang Liu〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this study, modified magnetic chitosan microparticles (MCDs) were fabricated and used as adsorbents for the removal of Food Yellow 3 (FY3) and Acid Yellow 23 (AY23) from aqueous solution. The magnetic microparticles were characterized by scanning electronic microscope, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area, elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetry analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and vibrating-sample magnetometer. Then, the effects of pH value, initial dye concentration, and contact time on the adsorption of FY3 and AY23 by MCDs were investigated. Evidently, MCDs showed excellent adsorption performance for both food dyes, and their adsorption capacities (833.33 mg/g for FY3 and 666.67 mg/g for AY23) were considerably higher than those of unmodified adsorbents, which could be attributed to the electrostatic interaction and ion exchange between the grafted cationic polymer and food dyes. Adsorption isotherm and kinetic data of the magnetic microparticles were well fitted by Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model, respectively. The regeneration and reusability of MCDs were also explored. Results showed that more than 80% adsorption capacities of MCDs for FY3 and AY23 remained after five adsorption-desorption cycles.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S030438941831269X-ga1.jpg" width="496" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 367〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Nicholas Lease, Lisa Kay, David E. Chavez, David Robbins, Virginia W. Manner〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Erythritol tetranitrate (ETN) is a well-studied homemade explosive (HME), which is known for its ability to be melt-cast at a fairly low temperature. We have observed dramatically increased handling sensitivity of ETN in the molten state, using temperature controlled drop-weight impact sensitivity measurements. Impact testing was performed using ERL Type 12 drop hammer equipment using a 2.5 kg weight, a 0.8 kg striker, an anvil and sound detection equipment. Most experiments were performed in the absence of standard grit paper, due to the elevated temperature measurements with a liquid. At room temperature, ETN exhibited an impact sensitivity of 14.7 ± 3.4 cm, which changed to 1.0 ± 0.6 cm in the liquid state at 65 °C. The change in sensitivity in the liquid state was found to be reversible upon solidification, and did not appear to correlate with temperature. Control experiments were performed in the same setup using standard explosives pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) and triacetone triperoxide (TATP). This is the most sensitive material that we have been able to measure using our instrumentation, and indicates that ETN be handled with extreme caution during the melt-casting process.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 367〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yujia Xiang, Yaoyu Zhou, Yuan Yang, Lin Luo〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 367〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Xueyue Mi, Jingjing Han, Yan Sun, Yi Li, Wenping Hu, Sihui Zhan〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Development of an efficient cathode in advanced oxidation process is an important challenge. In this work, we synthesized a low-cost, high-catalytic-active and stable reduced graphene oxide (RGO)-Ce/WO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 nanosheets (RCW) to modify carbon felt (CF) as cathode to degrade ciprofloxacin (CIP) in electro-Fenton process. Compared to traditional heterogeneous electro-Fenton process, carbon black was substituted by RGO and poly tetra fluoroethylene was avoided to be used as binder. We found that RCW/CF cathode reached about 100% degradation efficiency of CIP after 1 h and 98.55% mineralization degree after 8 h. Meanwhile, it had a very high current density, about 2.5 times that of CF. RCW/CF cathode produced more 〈sup〉〈img src="https://sdfestaticassets-eu-west-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/16/entities/rad"〉〈/sup〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉, H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 and 〈sup〉〈img src="https://sdfestaticassets-eu-west-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/16/entities/rad"〉〈/sup〉OH via one-electron reduction process (O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉→〈sup〉〈img src="https://sdfestaticassets-eu-west-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/16/entities/rad"〉〈/sup〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉- →H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉). The modified cathode kept a stable performance for high CIP degradation efficiency during 5 cycles. The introduction of RGO could promote electron transfer, and the adding of Ce into the WO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 lattice provided superior conditions for the adsorption and activation of oxygen molecules, thus promoting the formation of active oxygen species on the surface of RCW. This novel RCW/CF composite is an efficient and promising electrode for removal of CIP in the wastewater.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418312238-ga1.jpg" width="295" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 368〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Xuanzhen Li, Hao Yu, Xiaowei Sun, Jiantao Yang, Daichang Wang, Lianfeng Shen, Yanshuo Pan, Yucheng Wu, Qiang Wang, Yong Zhao〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉A potting experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of sulfur application on the bioaccumulation by tobacco and its mechanisms of rhizospheric microorganisms. Cadmium content in tobacco was analyzed using atomic absorption spectrometer, while bacterial community and related gene in soil were analyzed via high-throughput sequencing and quantitative PCR techniques, respectively. The obtained results indicated that tobacco had the ability to accumulate cadmium under no sulfur application conditions, with cadmium contents of 35.4, 23.6, and 26.3 mg kg〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 in leaves, stems, and roots, respectively. Under high-sulfur treatment, these values increased to 66.4, 46.1, and 42.6 mg kg〈sup〉-1〈/sup〉, respectively, probably due to the increase of the available cadmium content (from 1.1 to 3.3 mg kg〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉) in the soil through a decrease of the soil pH value, which was contributed by the sulfur oxidation reaction. 〈em〉dsrA〈/em〉 and 〈em〉soxB〈/em〉 genes might play an important role in sulfur oxidation, and 〈em〉Thiobacillus〈/em〉 sp. was the dominant bacterial genus during the sulfur oxidation process. In addition, sulfur application exerted little effect on the diversity and structure of the soil bacterial community. The combined results indicate that sulfur application is an effective and safe method for Cd phytoextraction by tobacco.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 367〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ting-Yu Li, Lian-Jun Bao, Chen-Chou Wu, Liang-Ying Liu, Charles S. Wong, Eddy Y. Zeng〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) have been increasingly produced and consumed since the gradual phase-out of polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Primitive recycling of e-waste can be a significant input source of OPFRs to the environment. Thermal treatment and open burning of typical e-wastes were conducted in a closed chamber to examine the emissions and the size distribution patterns of particle-bound OPFRs from these processes. The sum emission factors of OPFRs were 3.70 × 10〈sup〉4〈/sup〉–3.65 × 10〈sup〉5〈/sup〉 ng g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 by thermal treatment and 5.22 × 10〈sup〉3〈/sup〉–9.27 × 10〈sup〉4〈/sup〉 ng g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 by open burning. The output-input mass ratios of OPFRs for plastic casings were 0.030–116 and 0.012–7.1 by thermal treatment and open burning, respectively, and were 0.11–40 and 0.0014–6.7 for printed circuit boards. The size distribution patterns of OPFRs were characterized by one unimodal peak (0.56–1.0 μm) for thermal treatment and bimodal peaks (0.56–1.0 or 1.0–1.8 and 10–18 μm) for open burning. Particle-bound OPFRs appeared to form in affiliation with particles rather than by adsorption or deposition from the gaseous phase to particulate organic matter. With increasing amounts of OPFRs used in a variety of consumer products, the emissions of OPFRs to the environment are expected to increase continuously in the future.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418311816-ga1.jpg" width="376" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 5 April 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 367〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Muhammad Asim Khan, Sadaf Mutahir, Fengyun Wang, Wu Lei, Mingzhu Xia, Sidi Zhu〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Nanoropes crafted graphitic carbon nitride (NRCN-2), prepared by a novel, cost effective and easy to scale up method. We used naphthalene to induce nanoropes like structure inside of the graphitic carbon nitride; on industrial scale, it is easy to recycle naphthalene. The Naphthalene decomposition temperature (〉700 °C) is much higher than the polymerization temperature ( = 520 °C) of NRCN-2. At higher temperature, naphthalene molecular vapors moved vigorously through graphitic carbon nitride sheets and caused the sheets to adopt nanoropes like morphology. Photocatalyst (NRCN-2) presented extraordinary specific surface area (351.08 m〈sup〉2〈/sup〉 g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉), stimulated the parting effectiveness of photo-generated electrons and holes, by extending the visible light harvesting ability to 600 nm. The nanoropes adopted photocatalysts can easily degrade MO in 90 min and 〈em〉trans〈/em〉-resveratrol in 120 min. The buoyant energetic reactive species (h〈sup〉+〈/sup〉, 〈sup〉〈img src="https://sdfestaticassets-eu-west-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/16/entities/rad"〉〈/sup〉OH and 〈sup〉〈img src="https://sdfestaticassets-eu-west-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/16/entities/rad"〉〈/sup〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉-), created during photocatalysis caused mineralization of pollutants. The apparent rate constant, half-life time period and regression coefficients for MO and 〈em〉trans〈/em〉-resveratrol calculated with the help of pseudo first order kinetics. For MO the value of K〈sub〉app〈/sub〉 is 2.968 × 10〈sup〉-2〈/sup〉 min〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉, for trans-resveratrol, K〈sub〉app〈/sub〉 is 2.490 × 10〈sup〉-2〈/sup〉 min〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉, corresponding half-life values are 23.354 min and 27.837 min respectively.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0304389418312445-ga1.jpg" width="354" alt="Graphical abstract for this article" title=""〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉