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  • Articles  (862)
  • Springer  (862)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • American Meteorological Society
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • 2015-2019  (862)
  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984
  • 2017  (862)
  • Heat and Mass Transfer  (119)
  • Theoretical and Applied Climatology  (114)
  • 2664
  • 888
  • Physics  (862)
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  • Articles  (862)
Source
Publisher
  • Springer  (862)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • American Meteorological Society
  • National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2015-2019  (862)
  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984
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  • 1
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    Climate change vulnerability to agrarian ecosystem of small Island: evidence from Sagar Island, India (2017)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2017-03-19
    Description: The present study assessed climate change vulnerability in agricultural sector of low-lying Sagar Island of Bay of Bengal. Vulnerability indices were estimated using spatially aggregated biophysical and socio-economic parameters by applying principal component analysis and equal weight method. The similarities and differences of outputs of these two methods were analysed across the island. From the integration of outputs and based on the severity of vulnerability, explicit vulnerable zones were demarcated spatially. Results revealed that life subsistence agriculture in 11.8% geographical area (2829 ha) of the island along the western coast falls under very high vulnerable zone (VHVZ VI of 84–99%) to climate change. Comparatively higher values of exposure (0.53 ± 0.26) and sensitivity (0.78 ± 0.14) subindices affirmed that the VHV zone is highly exposed to climate stressor with very low adaptive capacity (ADI= 0.24 ± 0.16) to combat vulnerability to climate change. Hence, food security for a population of 〉22 thousands comprising 〉3.7 thousand agrarian households are highly exposed to climate change. Another 17% area comprising 17.5% population covering 20% villages in north-western and eastern parts of the island also falls under high vulnerable (VI= 61%–77%) zone. Findings revealed large spatial heterogeneity in the degree of vulnerability across the island and thus, demands devising area specific planning (adaptation and mitigation strategies) to address the climate change impact implications both at macro and micro levels.
    Print ISSN: 0177-798X
    Electronic ISSN: 1434-4483
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 2
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    Numerical investigation of biogas diffusion flames characteristics under several operation conditions in counter-flow configuration with an emphasis on thermal and chemical effects of CO 2 in the fuel mixture (2017)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2017-03-19
    Description: This study addresses the influence of several operating conditions (composition and ambient pressure) on biogas diffusion flame structure and NO emissions with particular attention on thermal and chemical effect of CO 2 . The biogas flame is modeled by a counter flow diffusion flame and analyzed in mixture fraction space using flamelet approach. The GRI Mech-3.0 mechanism that involves 53 species and 325 reactions is adopted for the oxidation chemistry. It has been observed that flame properties are very sensitive to biogas composition and pressure. CO 2 addition decreases flame temperature by both thermal and chemical effects. Added CO 2 may participate in chemical reaction due to thermal dissociation (chemical effect). Excessively supplied CO 2 plays the role of pure diluent (thermal effect). The ambient pressure rise increases temperature and reduces flame thickness, radiation losses and dissociation amount. At high pressure, recombination reactions coupled with chain carrier radicals reduction, diminishes NO mass fraction.
    Print ISSN: 0947-7411
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1181
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 3
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    Experimental investigation and simulation of temperature distributions in a 16Ah-LiMnNiCoO 2 battery during rapid discharge rates (2017)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2017-02-17
    Description: It is very important to have quantitative data regarding the temperature distributions of lithium-ion batteries at different discharge rates in order to design thermal management systems and also for battery thermal modellers. In this paper, the surface temperature distributions on a superior lithium polymer battery (SLPB) with lithium manganese nickel cobalt oxide (LiMnNiCoO 2 ) cathode material (16 Ah capacity) at C/8, C/4, C/2, 1C, 2C, and 3C discharge rates are presented. Additionally, a battery thermal model is developed for this battery using a neural network approach with the Bayesian Regularization method and the simulated results are compared with experimental results in terms of temperature and voltage profiles at C/8, C/4, C/2, 1C, 2C, and 3C discharge rates. Thermal images, which were also captured during experiments with an IR camera at various discharge rates, and are reported in the paper. The results of this study show that the increased discharge rates between C/8 and 3C results in increased surface temperature distributions on the principal surface of the battery and decreased discharge capacity.
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 4
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    An investigation of thermal performance improvement of a cylindrical heat pipe using Al 2 O 3 nanofluid (2017)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2017-02-17
    Description: In this study, effect of Al 2 O 3 nanofluid on thermal performance of cylindrical heat pipe is investigated. An analytical model is employed to study the thermal performance of the heat pipe utilizing nanofluid and the predicted results are compared with the experimental results. A substantial change in the heat pipe thermal resistance, effective thermal conductivity and entropy generation of the heat pipe is observed when using Al 2 O 3 nanofluid as a working fluid. It is found that entropy generation in the heat pipe system decreases when using a nanofluid due to the lower thermal resistance of the heat pipe which results in an improved thermal performance. It is shown that the proposed model is in reasonably good agreement with the experimental results and can be used as a fast technique to explore various features of thermal characteristics of the nanofluid based heat pipe.
    Print ISSN: 0947-7411
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1181
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 5
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    Erratum to: Closed form solution for a conductive–convective–radiative annular fin with multiple nonlinearities and its inverse analysis (2017)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2017-02-17
    Print ISSN: 0947-7411
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1181
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 6
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    Experimental study on thermal performance of micro pin fin heat sinks with various shapes (2017)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2017-02-17
    Description: This paper presents a visualization experimental study on the heat transfer characteristics of various shapes of micro pin fins, including the circular, ellipse, diamond, square and triangle shape micro pin fin arrays with various equivalent diameters and pin fin density. The influences study of different sizes and shapes of pin fin on Nusselt number and heat transfer coefficient have been conducted. The results show that with the increase of the flow rate, the temperature of the bottom of the experimental section decreases. And the Nusselt number of different shapes of micro pin fins increases with the increase of Re . In which, the heat transfer performance of the ellipse shape pin fin appears better among the other shapes of pin fins. However, the higher pin fin of the ellipse shape density leads to a weaker flow performance. Besides, the micro-scale heat transfer correlation between the Nusselt number and the Reynolds number is fitted based on the experimental data.
    Print ISSN: 0947-7411
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1181
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 7
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    Performance enhancement of fin attached ice-on-coil type thermal storage tank for different fin orientations using constrained and unconstrained simulations (2017)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2017-02-17
    Description: One of the drawbacks in latent thermal energy storage system is the slow charging and discharging time due to the low thermal conductivity of the phase change materials (PCM). This study numerically investigated the PCM melting process inside a finned tube to determine enhanced heat transfer performance. The influences of fin length and fin numbers were investigated. Also, two different fin orientations, a vertical and horizontal type, were examined, using two different simulation methods, constrained and unconstrained. The unconstrained simulation, which considers the density difference between the solid and liquid PCM showed approximately 40 % faster melting rate than that of constrained simulation. For a precise estimation of discharging performance, unconstrained simulation is essential. Thermal instability was found in the liquid layer below the solid PCM, which is contrary to the linear stability theory, due to the strong convection driven by heat flux from the coil wall. As the fin length increases, the area affected by the fin becomes larger, thus the discharging time becomes shorter. The discharging performance also increased as the fin number increased, but the enhancement of discharging performance by more than two fins was not discernible. The horizontal type shortened the complete melting time by approximately 10 % compared to the vertical type.
    Print ISSN: 0947-7411
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 8
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    Heat transfer performance of a novel double-layer mini-channel heat sink (2017)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2017-02-17
    Description: High pressure drop and significant non-uniformity in temperature distribution along the streamwise direction are still challenges to the design of mini-channel heat sink. High density mini-channel arrays with high liquid-wall contact area are usually pursued in a conventional single-layer design of heat sink, which also inevitably brings high pressure drop. A novel double-layer structured heat sink is proposed in this paper. Four heat sinks with various designs in mini-channel density and flow direction were fabricated and studied experimentally on the heat transfer performance. The single factor of heat load does not show obvious effect on the overall thermal resistance of the heat sinks. On the other hand, slight decrease in thermal resistance was found with the increase in heat load at high flow rates. Moreover, a computational fluid dynamics modeling work was conducted. The results indicate that the parallel cross-flow field regulated by the double-layer structure enhances the heat exchange in both horizontal and vertical directions and consequently gives an uniform temperature distribution and high heat transfer efficiency.
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 9
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    Uncertainty of global summer precipitation in the CMIP5 models: a comparison between high-resolution and low-resolution models (2017)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2017-02-20
    Description: The uncertainty of global summer precipitation simulated by the 23 CMIP5 CGCMs and the possible impacts of model resolutions are investigated in this study. Large uncertainties exist over the tropical and subtropical regions, which can be mainly attributed to convective precipitation simulation. High-resolution models (HRMs) and low-resolution models (LRMs) are further investigated to demonstrate their different contributions to the uncertainties of the ensemble mean. It shows that the high-resolution model ensemble means (HMME) and low-resolution model ensemble mean (LMME) mitigate the biases between the MME and observation over most continents and oceans, respectively. The HMME simulates more precipitation than the LMME over most oceans, but less precipitation over some continents. The dominant precipitation category in the HRMs (LRMs) is the heavy precipitation (moderate precipitation) over the tropic regions. The combinations of convective and stratiform precipitation are also quite different: the HMME has much higher ratio of stratiform precipitation while the LMME has more convective precipitation. Finally, differences in precipitation between the HMME and LMME can be traced to their differences in the SST simulations via the local and remote air-sea interaction.
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    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 10
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    Precipitation projections under GCMs perspective and Turkish Water Foundation (TWF) statistical downscaling model procedures (2017)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2017-02-26
    Description: The statistical climate downscaling model by the Turkish Water Foundation (TWF) is further developed and applied to a set of monthly precipitation records. The model is structured by two phases as spatial (regional) and temporal downscaling of global circulation model (GCM) scenarios. The TWF model takes into consideration the regional dependence function (RDF) for spatial structure and Markov whitening process (MWP) for temporal characteristics of the records to set projections. The impact of climate change on monthly precipitations is studied by downscaling Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change-Special Report on Emission Scenarios (IPCC-SRES) A2 and B2 emission scenarios from Max Plank Institute (EH40PYC) and Hadley Center (HadCM3). The main purposes are to explain the TWF statistical climate downscaling model procedures and to expose the validation tests, which are rewarded in same specifications as “very good” for all stations except one (Suhut) station in the Akarcay basin that is in the west central part of Turkey. Eventhough, the validation score is just a bit lower at the Suhut station, the results are “satisfactory.” It is, therefore, possible to say that the TWF model has reasonably acceptable skill for highly accurate estimation regarding standard deviation ratio (SDR), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), and percent bias (PBIAS) criteria. Based on the validated model, precipitation predictions are generated from 2011 to 2100 by using 30-year reference observation period (1981–2010). Precipitation arithmetic average and standard deviation have less than 5% error for EH40PYC and HadCM3 SRES (A2 and B2) scenarios.
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