Publikationsdatum:
2015-07-30
Beschreibung:
Chromosomes are not only carriers of the genetic material, but also actively regulate the assembly of complex intracellular architectures. During mitosis, chromosome-induced microtubule polymerisation ensures spindle assembly in cells without centrosomes and plays a supportive role in centrosome-containing cells. Chromosomal signals also mediate post-mitotic nuclear envelope (NE) re-formation. Recent studies using novel approaches to manipulate histones in oocytes, where functions can be analysed in the absence of transcription, have established that nucleosomes, but not DNA alone, mediate the chromosomal regulation of spindle assembly and NE formation. Both processes require the generation of RanGTP by RCC1 recruited to nucleosomes but nucleosomes also acquire cell cycle stage specific regulators, Aurora B in mitosis and ELYS, the initiator of nuclear pore complex assembly, at mitotic exit. Here, we review the mechanisms by which nucleosomes control assembly and functions of the spindle and the NE, and discuss their implications for genome maintenance. Chromosomes act as reaction platforms for spindle assembly and nuclear envelope formation. Both processes depend on nucleosomes, which induce spindles by recruiting RCC1 and Aurora B in mitosis, and nuclear envelopes by recruiting RCC1 and ELYS in interphase. Here, we review these mechanisms, and discuss their implications for genome maintenance.
Print ISSN:
0265-9247
Digitale ISSN:
1521-1878
Thema:
Biologie
,
Medizin
Permalink
