ALBERT

Description:    Natural asphaltite and the products of its conversion in supercritical water (400°C, 40 MPa) are comparatively analyzed using a complex of methods, including analyses of elemental and component compositions, pyrolytic and X-ray diffraction analyses, spectrophotometry, IR and EPR spectroscopy, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. It is demonstrated that the asphaltite conversion under the indicated conditions results in the formation of various products, such as gases, carbene-carboids, as well as heavy, highly resinous, and sulfur-rich petroleums. The yields of the conversion products are roughly identical. The obtained petroleum and carbene-carboids are characterized by lower sulfur and oxygen contents and a higher content of nitrogen and paramagnetic centers as compared to the initial asphaltite. Components of the same names (oils, resins, and asphaltenes) composing petroleum and asphaltite noticeably differ by the content of heteroatoms (elemental analysis), as well as aromatic and carbonyl-containing structural fragments (IR spectroscopy). The analysis of molecular compositions of hydrocarbon and heteroorganic compounds present in oils of the obtained petroleum attests to the fact that the compositions of nearly all classes of compounds substantially differ from those present in the initial asphaltite; among other reasons, due to the emergence of new compounds. The revealed differences are mainly caused by the generation of such compounds upon thermal destruction of resin-asphaltene substances in which they were present in a bound state. The prolongation of the process from 0.5 to 1 h results in noticeable changes both in the yields of the main products and in the compositions of most compounds analyzed. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1195-1208 DOI 10.1134/S1990793111080021 Authors V. R. Antipenko, Institute of Petroleum Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia I. V. Goncharov, Engineering Research Institute of Petroleum and Gas, Tomsk, Russia Yu. V. Rokosov, Institute of Coal Chemistry and Chemical Material Science, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kemerovo, Russia L. S. Borisova, Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Journal Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Focus on Physics Online ISSN 1990-7923 Print ISSN 1990-7931 Journal Volume Volume 5 Journal Issue Volume 5, Number 8

Description:    The inverse problem for nonstationary powder combustion in a half-closed volume is considered. A transient was initiated by the abrupt change of the nozzle section. Experiments measured the time dependence of the pressure in a combustion chamber at various ratios of the initial and final nozzle sections. Comparison of the experimental data and the results from solving the direct problem allows one to solve the inverse problem, in other words, to obtain defined information of the characteristics of a combustion chamber, i.e., the characteristic time of chamber evacuation and the powder, i.e., the effective thermal diffusivity. Content Type Journal Article Category Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves Pages 991-996 DOI 10.1134/S199079311106025X Authors B. V. Novozhilov, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Kosygina 4, Moscow, 117977 Russia V. N. Marshakov, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Kosygina 4, Moscow, 117977 Russia Journal Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Focus on Physics Online ISSN 1990-7923 Print ISSN 1990-7931 Journal Volume Volume 5 Journal Issue Volume 5, Number 6

Description:    Wave functions obtained employing a standard complex Hamiltonian matrix diagonalization procedure are square-integrable and therefore cannot accurately describe the asymptotic character of resonance solutions of the Schrödinger equation. The nature of this approximation is investigated by means of explicit calculations which are based on diabatic RKR potentials for the B 1 Σ + — D′ 1 Σ + vibronic resonance states of the CO molecule. It is shown that expanding the basis of complex harmonic oscillator fuctions gradually improves the description of the exact resonance wave functions out to ever larger internuclear distances on the real axis before they take on artificial bound-state characteristics due to the square-integrable character of the basis functions. In order to solve the diagonalization problems for as many as 500 such basis functions, it proves necessary to employ specialized numerical techniques such as Gauss-Hermite quadrature to evaluate the required Hamiltonian matrix elements. Content Type Journal Article Category Chemical Physics of Atmospheric Phenomena Pages 907-914 DOI 10.1134/S1990793111060042 Authors R. J. Buenker, Bergische universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany Y. Li, Bergische universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany H. -P. Liebermann, Bergische universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany M. Honigmann, Bergische universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany Journal Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Focus on Physics Online ISSN 1990-7923 Print ISSN 1990-7931 Journal Volume Volume 5 Journal Issue Volume 5, Number 6

Description:    A semiempirical method of analysis of quasi-molecular terms in conjunction with experimental potentials of interaction of Hg(6( 3 P 1 )) atoms with Ar, Kr, and Xe atoms are used to obtain the Hg(6 3 P 2 )-Ar, Kr, Xe interaction potential, which are applied to calculating the radiative lifetimes of the v ′1( 3 P 2 ) states of the HgAr, HgKr, and HgXe molecules and the probabilities of the v ′1( 3 P 2 )− v ″0 + ( 1 S 0 ) transitions. Content Type Journal Article Category Chemical Physics of Atmospheric Phenomena Pages 946-951 DOI 10.1134/S1990793111060030 Authors O. S. Alekseeva, Baltic State Technical University “VOENMEKH”, St. Petersburg, Russia A. Z. Devdariani, Institute of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Peterhof, Russia A. L. Zagrebin, Institute of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Peterhof, Russia M. G. Lednev, Baltic State Technical University “VOENMEKH”, St. Petersburg, Russia Journal Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Focus on Physics Online ISSN 1990-7923 Print ISSN 1990-7931 Journal Volume Volume 5 Journal Issue Volume 5, Number 6

Description:    High-mannose type N-linked glycan with 6 mannosyl residues, termed "M6Gn2", displayed clear binding to the same M6Gn2, conjugated with ceramide mimetic (cer-m) and incorporated in liposome, or coated on polystyrene plates. However, the conjugate of M6Gn2-cer-m did not interact with complex-type N-linked glycan with various structures having multiple GlcNAc termini, conjugated with cer-m. The following observations indicate that hamster embryonic fibroblast NIL-2 K cells display homotypic autoadhesion, mediated through the self-recognition capability of high-mannose type glycans expressed on these cells: (i) NIL-2 K cells display clear binding to lectins capable of binding to high-mannose type glycans ( e.g. , ConA), but not to other lectins capable of binding to other carbohydrates ( e.g. GS-II). (ii) NIL-2 K cells adhere strongly to plates coated with M6Gn2-cer-m, but not to plates coated with complex-type N-linked glycans having multiple GlcNAc termini, conjugated with cer-m; (iii) degree of NIL-2 K cell adhesion to plates coated with M6Gn2-cer-m showed a clear dose-dependence on the amount of M6Gn2-cer-m; and (iv) the degree of NIL-2 K adhesion to plates coated with M6Gn2-cer-m was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by α1,4-L-mannonolactone, the specific inhibitor in high-mannose type glycans addition. These data indicate that adhesion of NIL-2 K is mediated by self-aggregation of high mannose type glycan. Further studies are to be addressed on auto-adhesion of other types of cells based on self interaction of high mannose type glycans. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-12 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9449-3 Authors Seon-Joo Yoon, Division of Biomembrane Research, Pacific Northwest Research Institute, and Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98122, USA Natalia Utkina, Division of Biomembrane Research, Pacific Northwest Research Institute, and Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98122, USA Martin Sadilek, Depart of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA Hirokazu Yagi, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Tanabe-dori 3-1, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603 Japan Koichi Kato, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Tanabe-dori 3-1, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603 Japan Sen-itiroh Hakomori, Division of Biomembrane Research, Pacific Northwest Research Institute, and Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98122, USA Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080

Description:    Human alpha-1-antitrypsin (α1AT) is a glycoprotein with protease inhibitor activity protecting tissues from degradation. Patients with inherited α1AT deficiency are treated with native α1AT (nAT) purified from human plasma. In the present study, recombinant α1AT (rAT) was produced in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and their glycosylation patterns, inhibitory activity and in vivo half-life were compared with those of nAT. A peptide mapping analysis employing a deglycosylation reaction confirmed full occupancy of all three glycosylation sites and the equivalency of rAT and nAT in terms of the protein level. N -glycan profiles revealed that rAT contained 10 glycan structures ranging from bi-antennary to tetra-antennary complex-type glycans while nAT displayed six peaks comprising majorly bi-antennary glycans and a small portion of tri-antennary glycans. In addition, most of the rAT glycans were shown to have only core α(1 - 6)-fucose without terminal fucosylation, whereas only minor portions of the nAT glycans contained core or Lewis X-type fucose. As expected, all sialylated glycans of rAT were found to have α(2 - 3)-linked sialic acids, which was in sharp contrast to those of nAT, which had mostly α(2 - 6)-linked sialic acids. However, the degree of sialylation of rAT was comparable to that of nAT, which was also supported by an isoelectric focusing gel analysis. Despite the differences in the glycosylation patterns, both α1ATs showed nearly equivalent inhibitory activity in enzyme assays and serum half-lives in a pharmacokinetic experiment. These results suggest that rAT produced in CHO cells would be a good alternative to nAT derived from human plasma. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-11 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9453-7 Authors Kyung Jin Lee, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-806 Korea Sang Mee Lee, Alteogen Inc., Bioventure town, Daejeon, 305-812 Korea Jin Young Gil, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-806 Korea Ohsuk Kwon, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-806 Korea Jin Young Kim, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk 363-883, Korea Soon Jae Park, Alteogen Inc., Bioventure town, Daejeon, 305-812 Korea Hye-Shin Chung, Alteogen Inc., Bioventure town, Daejeon, 305-812 Korea Doo-Byoung Oh, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-806 Korea Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080

Description:    As one of several biologically active compounds in milk, glycoproteins have been indicated to be involved in the protection of newborns from bacterial infection. As much of the physical and immune development of the tammar wallaby ( Macropus eugenii ) young occurs during the early phases of lactation and not in utero , the tammar is a model species for the characterization of potential developmental support agents provided by maternal milk. In the present study, the N - and O -linked glycans from tammar wallaby milk glycoproteins from six individuals at different lactation time points were subjected to glycomics analyses using porous graphitized carbon liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Structural characterization identified a diverse range of glycan structures on wallaby milk glycoproteins including sialylated, sulphated, core fucosylated and O -fucosylated structures. 30 % of N -linked structures contained a core (α1-6) fucose. Several of these structures may play roles in development, and exhibit statistically significant temporal changes over the lactation period. The N -glycome was found to contain structures with NeuGc residues, while in contrast the O -glycome did not. O -fucosylated structures were identified in the early stages of lactation indicating a potential role in the early stages of development of the pouch young. Overall the results suggest that wallaby milk contains structures known to have developmental and immunological significance in human milk and reproduction in other animals, highlighting the importance of glycoproteins in milk. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-14 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9452-8 Authors Katherine Wongtrakul-Kish, Biomolecular Frontiers Research Centre, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Building E8C Room 307, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia Daniel Kolarich, Biomolecular Frontiers Research Centre, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Building E8C Room 307, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia Dana Pascovici, Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia Janice L. Joss, Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia Elizabeth Deane, Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia Nicolle H. Packer, Biomolecular Frontiers Research Centre, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Building E8C Room 307, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080

Description: Glycosylation effects on cancer development Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-2 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9448-4 Authors Sen-itiroh Hakomori, Division of Biomembrane Research, Pacific Northwest Research Institute, 720 Broadway, Seattle, WA 98122, USA Richard D. Cummings, Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080

Description:    We have analyzed the structures of glycosphingolipids and intracellular free glycans in human cancers. In our previous study, trace amounts of free N -acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac)-containing complex-type N -glycans with a single GlcNAc at each reducing terminus (Gn1 type) was found to accumulate intracellularly in colorectal cancers, but were undetectable in most normal colorectal epithelial cells. Here, we used cancer glycomic analyses to reveal that substantial amounts of free Neu5Ac-containing complex-type N -glycans, almost all of which were α2,6-Neu5Ac-linked, accumulated in the pancreatic cancer cells from three out of five patients, but were undetectable in normal pancreatic cells from all five cases. These molecular species were mostly composed of five kinds of glycans having a sequence Neu5Ac-Gal-GlcNAc-Man-Man-GlcNAc and one with the following sequence Neu5Ac-Gal-GlcNAc-Man-(Man-)Man-GlcNAc. The most abundant glycan was Neu5Acα2-6Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-2Manα1-3Manβ1-4GlcNAc, followed by Neu5Acα2-6Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-2Manα1-6Manβ1-4GlcNAc. This is the first study to show unequivocal evidence for the occurrence of free Neu5Ac-linked N -glycans in human cancer tissues. Our findings suggest that free Neu5Ac-linked glycans may serve as a useful tumor marker. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-10 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9435-9 Authors Masahiko Yabu, Department of Immunology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, 1-3-3 Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, 537-8511 Japan Hiroaki Korekane, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, Chemical Biology Department, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan Hidenori Takahashi, Department of Surgery, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, 1-3-3 Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, 537-8511 Japan Hiroaki Ohigashi, Department of Surgery, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, 1-3-3 Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, 537-8511 Japan Osamu Ishikawa, Department of Surgery, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, 1-3-3 Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, 537-8511 Japan Yasuhide Miyamoto, Department of Immunology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, 1-3-3 Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, 537-8511 Japan Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080

Description:    Sulfatides, 3- O -sulfogalactosylceramides, are known to have multifunctional properties. These molecules are distributed in various tissues of mammals, where they are synthesized from galactosylceramides by sulfation at C3 of the galactosyl residue. Although this reaction is specifically catalyzed by cerebroside sulfotransferase (CST), the mechanisms underlying the transcriptional regulation of this enzyme are not understood. With respect to this issue, we previously found potential sequences of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) response element on upstream regions of the mouse CST gene and presumed the possible regulation by the nuclear receptor PPARα. To confirm this hypothesis, we treated wild-type and Ppara -null mice with the specific PPARα agonist fenofibrate and examined the amounts of sulfatides and CST gene expression in various tissues. Fenofibrate treatment increased sulfatides and CST mRNA levels in the kidney, heart, liver, and small intestine in a PPARα-dependent manner. However, these effects of fenofibrate were absent in the brain or colon. Fenofibrate treatment did not affect the mRNA level of arylsulfatase A, which is the key enzyme for catalyzing desulfation of sulfatides, in any of these six tissues. Analyses of the DNA-binding activity and conventional gene expression targets of PPARα has demonstrated that fenofibrate treatment activated PPARα in the kidney, heart, liver, and small intestine but did not affect the brain or colon. These findings suggest that PPARα activation induces CST gene expression and enhances sulfatide synthesis in mice, which suggests that PPARα is a possible transcriptional regulator for the mouse CST gene. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-8 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9454-6 Authors Takero Nakajima, Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan Yuji Kamijo, Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan Huang Yuzhe, Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan Takefumi Kimura, Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan Naoki Tanaka, Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan Eiko Sugiyama, Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan Kozo Nakamura, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minami-Minowa, Kami-Ina, Nagano, Japan Mamoru Kyogashima, Division of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Ina, Kita-Adachi, Saitama, Japan Atsushi Hara, Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan Toshifumi Aoyama, Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Pathogenesis and Disease Prevention, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080

Description:    The bisecting GlcNAc is transferred to the core mannose residue of complex or hybrid N-glycans on glycoproteins by the β1,4- N -acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GlcNAcT-III) or MGAT3. The addition of the bisecting GlcNAc confers unique lectin recognition properties to N-glycans. Thus, LEC10 gain-of-function Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells selected for the acquisition of ricin resistance, carry N-glycans with a bisecting GlcNAc, which enhances the binding of the erythroagglutinin E-PHA, but reduces the binding of ricin and galectins-1, -3 and -8. The altered interaction with galactose-binding lectins suggests that the bisecting GlcNAc affects N-glycan conformation. LEC10 mutants expressing polyoma middle T antigen (PyMT) exhibit reduced growth factor signaling. Furthermore, PyMT-induced mammary tumors lacking MGAT3, progress more rapidly than tumors with the bisecting GlcNAc on N-glycans of cell surface glycoproteins. In recent years, evidence for a new paradigm of cell growth control has emerged involving regulation of cell surface residency of growth factor and cytokine receptors via interactions and cross-linking of their branched N-glycans with a lattice of galectin(s). Specific cross-linking of glycoprotein receptors in the lattice regulates their endocytosis, leading to effects on growth factor-induced signaling. This review will describe evidence that the bisecting GlcNAc of N-glycans regulates cellular signaling and tumor progression, apparently through modulating N-glycan/galectin interactions. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-10 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9373-6 Authors Hazuki E. Miwa, Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA Yinghui Song, Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA Richard Alvarez, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA Richard D. Cummings, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA Pamela Stanley, Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080

Description:    The past 25 years have seen significant advances in understanding the diversity and functions of glycoprotein glycans in Drosophila melanogaster . Genetic screens have captured mutations that reveal important biological activities modulated by glycans, including protein folding and trafficking, as well as cell signaling, tissue morphogenesis, fertility, and viability. Many of these glycan functions have parallels in vertebrate development and disease, providing increasing opportunities to dissect pathologic mechanisms using Drosophila genetics. Advances in the sensitivity of structural analytic techniques have allowed the glycan profiles of wild-type and mutant tissues to be assessed, revealing novel glycan structures that may be functionally analogous to vertebrate glycans. This review describes a selected set of recent advances in understanding the functions of N-linked and O-linked (non-glycosaminoglycan) glycoprotein glycans in Drosophila with emphasis on their relatedness to vertebrate organisms. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-10 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9442-x Authors Toshihiko Katoh, The Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA Michael Tiemeyer, The Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080

Description:    In this study, we purified and characterized the β-xylosidase involved in the turnover of plant complex type N -glycans to homogeneity from mature red tomatoes. Purified β-xylosidase (β-Xyl’ase Le-1) gave a single band with molecular masses of 67 kDa on SDS-PAGE under a reducing condition and 60 kDa on gelfiltration, indicating that β-Xyl’ase Le-1 has a monomeric structure in plant cells. The N- terminal amino acid could not be identified owing to a chemical modification. When pyridylaminated (PA-) N- glycans were used as substrates, β-Xyl’ase Le-1 showed optimum activity at about pH 5 at 40 °C, suggesting that the enzyme functions in a rather acidic circumstance such as in the vacuole or cell wall. β-Xyl’ase Le-1 hydrolyzed the β1-2 xylosyl residue from Man 1 Xyl 1 GlcNAc 2 -PA, Man 1 Xyl 1 Fuc 1 GlcNAc 2 -PA, and Man 2 Xyl 1 Fuc 1 GlcNAc 2 -PA, but not that from Man 3 Xyl 1 GlcNAc 2 -PA or Man 3 Xyl 1 Fuc 1 GlcNAc 2 -PA, indicating that the α1-3 arm mannosyl residue exerts significant steric hindrance for the access of β-Xyl’ase Le-1 to the xylosyl residue, whereas the α1-3 fucosyl residue exerts little effect. These results suggest that the release of the β1-2 xylosyl residue by β-Xyl’ase Le-1 occurs at least after the removal the α-1,3-mannosyl residue in the core trimannosyl unit. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-10 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9441-y Authors Daisuke Yokouchi, Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima-Naka 1-1-1, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan Natsuko Ono, Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima-Naka 1-1-1, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan Kosuke Nakamura, Kagome Research Institute, Kagome Co., Ltd., 17 Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara, Tochigi 329-2762, Japan Megumi Maeda, Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima-Naka 1-1-1, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan Yoshinobu Kimura, Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima-Naka 1-1-1, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080

Description:    Many post-translational modifications, including glycosylation, are pivotal for the structural integrity, location and functional activity of glycoproteins. Sub-populations of proteins that are relocated or functionally changed by such modifications can change resting proteins into active ones, mediating specific effector functions, as in the case of monoclonal antibodies. To ensure safe and efficacious drugs it is essential to employ appropriate robust, quantitative analytical strategies that can (i) perform detailed glycan structural analysis, (ii) characterise specific subsets of glycans to assess known critical features of therapeutic activities (iii) rapidly profile glycan pools for at-line monitoring or high level batch to batch screening. Here we focus on these aspects of glycan analysis, showing how state-of-the-art technologies are required at all stages during the production of recombinant glycotherapeutics. These data can provide insights into processing pathways and suggest markers for intervention at critical control points in bioprocessing and also critical decision points in disease and drug monitoring in patients. Importantly, these tools are now enabling the first glycome/genome studies in large populations, allowing the integration of glycomics into other ‘omics platforms in a systems biology context. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-10 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9443-9 Authors Tharmala Tharmalingam, NIBRT Glycobiology Laboratory, NIBRT - The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland Barbara Adamczyk, NIBRT Glycobiology Laboratory, NIBRT - The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland Margaret A. Doherty, NIBRT Glycobiology Laboratory, NIBRT - The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland Louise Royle, Ludger Ltd., Culham Science Centre, Oxfordshire, OX14 3EB UK Pauline M. Rudd, NIBRT Glycobiology Laboratory, NIBRT - The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080

Description:    Recently, we demonstrated that the human xylosyltransferase II (XT-II) has enzymatic activity and is able to catalyze the initial and rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) like chondroitin and dermatan sulfate, as well as heparan sulfate and heparin. Therefore, this enzyme also very likely assumes a crucial regulatory role in the biosynthesis of proteoglycans (PGs). In this study, we identified and characterized for the first time the XYLT2 gene promoter region and transcription factors involved in its regulation. Several binding sites for members of the Sp1 family of transcription factors were identified as being necessary for transcriptional regulation of the XYLT2 gene. This was determined by mithramycin A treatment, electrophoretic mobility shift and supershift assays, as well as numerous site-directed mutagenesis experiments. Different 5′ and 3′ deletion constructs of the predicted GC rich promoter region, which lacks a canonical TATA and CAAT box, revealed that a 177 nts proximal promoter element is sufficient and indispensable to drive the constitutive transcription in full strength in HepG2 hepatoma cells. In addition, we also detected the transcriptional start site using 5′-RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends). Our results provide an insight into transcriptional regulation of the XYLT2 gene and may contribute to understanding the manifold GAG-involving processes in health and disease. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-9 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9439-5 Authors Benjamin Müller, Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany Christian Prante, Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany Cornelius Knabbe, Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany Knut Kleesiek, Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany Christian Götting, Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080

Description:    Natural killer gene complex (NKC) encodes a group of proteins with a single C-type lectin-like domain, (CTLD) which can be subdivided several subfamilies according to their structures and expression patterns. The receptors containing the conserved calcium binding sites in the CTLD fold belong to group II of C-type lectin superfamily and are expressed on myeloid cells and non- myeloid cells. The receptors lacking conserved calcium binding sites in the CTLD fold have evolved to bind ligands other than carbohydrates independently on calcium and thereby are named as C-type lectin-like receptors. The C-type lectin-like receptors are previously thought to be exclusively expressed on natural killer (NK) cells and enable NK cells to discriminate self, missing self or altered self. However, some C-type lectin-like receptors are identified in myeloid cells and are intensely investigated, recently. These myeloid C-type lectin-like receptors, especially Dectin-1 cluster, have a wide variety of ligands, including those of exogenous origin, and play important roles in the physiological functions and pathological processes including immune homeostasis, immune defenses, and immune surveillance. In this review, we summarize each member of the Dectin-1 cluster, including their structural profiles, expression patterns, signaling properties as well as known physiological functions. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-12 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9419-9 Authors Jianhui Xie, Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Ministry of Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080

Description:    The chirooptical properties of a number of compounds in a variety of achiral solvents are studied. The results are interpreted within the framework of the standard model of chiral molecules. It is demonstrated that, with increasing concentration, chiral aggregates emerge, up to the formation of a macrophase (strings), which radically changes the chirooptical characteristics of the solution. Content Type Journal Article Category Structure of Chemical Compounds. Spectroscopy Pages 341-347 DOI 10.1134/S1990793112050107 Authors S. V. Stovbun, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia A. M. Zanin, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia D. S. Skorobogat’ko, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia A. A. Skoblin, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Ya. A. Litvin, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia A. I. Mikhailov, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia O. N. Krutius, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia R. G. Kostyanovskii, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Journal Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Focus on Physics Online ISSN 1990-7923 Print ISSN 1990-7931 Journal Volume Volume 6 Journal Issue Volume 6, Number 3

Description:    A theoretical study of the orientation of product rotational angular momenta for two chemical reaction channels: F + HD( ν r = 0, j r = 0) → HF( ν , j ) + D and F + HD( ν r = 0, j r = 0) → DF( ν, j ) + H at a E coll = 78.54 meV collision energy was performed. Angular momentum orientation was described on the basis of irreducible tensor operators (state multipoles) expressed through anisotropy transfer coefficients, which contained quantum-mechanical scattering T matrices determined on the basis of exact solutions to quantum scattering equations obtained using the hyperquantization algorithm. The possibility of the existence of substantial orientation of the angular momentum of reaction products j in the direction perpendicular to the scattering plane was demonstrated. The dependences of differential reaction cross sections and state multi-poles on the ν and j quantum numbers were calculated and analyzed. A experimental scheme based on the multiphoton ionization method was suggested. The scheme can be used to detect predicted reaction product angular momentum orientation. Content Type Journal Article Category Elementary Physicochemical Processes Pages 333-340 DOI 10.1134/S1990793112050065 Authors M. B. Krasil’nikov, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Politekhnicheskaya 26, St. Petersburg, 194021 Russia O. S. Vasyutinskii, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Politekhnicheskaya 26, St. Petersburg, 194021 Russia D. De Fazio, Instituto di Metodologie Inorganiche dei Plasmi, CNR, Sez de Roma, 00016 Rome, Italy S. Cavalli, Dipartamento di Chimica dell’Universita, 06123 Perugia, Italy V. Aquilanti, Dipartamento di Chimica dell’Universita, 06123 Perugia, Italy Journal Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Focus on Physics Online ISSN 1990-7923 Print ISSN 1990-7931 Journal Volume Volume 6 Journal Issue Volume 6, Number 3

Description:    Powder blends of low-density polyethylene with cellulose and ethylcellulose were obtained under high-temperature shear deformation conditions in a rotor disperser at various initial reagent ratios. The composition of powder fractions was shown to be identical to the initial blend composition, which was evidence that the compositions obtained were homogeneous. Comparative studies of the structure of the initial and produced powder blends and mechanical characteristics of films obtained from them were determined by the X-ray method. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to study thermal destruction of individual polymers and their compositions. The effective kinetic parameters were calculated and used to suggest a model of diffusion-controlled polymer decomposition. The addition of polyethylene oxide was found to increase biodegradability of compositions based on cellulose. It therefore contributed to broadening of the applicability range of materials based on them. Content Type Journal Article Category Chemical Physics of Polymer Materials Pages 416-424 DOI 10.1134/S1990793112060048 Authors S. Z. Rogovina, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Kosygina 4, Moscow, Russia S. M. Lomakin, Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Kosygina 4, Moscow, 117977 Russia K. V. Aleksanyan, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Kosygina 4, Moscow, Russia E. V. Prut, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Kosygina 4, Moscow, Russia Journal Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Focus on Physics Online ISSN 1990-7923 Print ISSN 1990-7931 Journal Volume Volume 6 Journal Issue Volume 6, Number 3

Description:    Organic Fiber Reinforced Plastics (OFRP) based on aramid fibers are as a rule used in constructions working under extremal conditions. In view of this, the possibility of increasing the resistance of OFRP to destruction by modifying matrices with thermoplastic polymers and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) offers much promise. In this work, we present the results obtained in a study of the properties of OFRP based on Rusar fibers and epoxy matrices containing either CNTs or a thermoplastic (PSK-1 polysulfone) or both these components simultaneously. The data obtained substantiate the possibility of using epoxypolysulfone matrices for the preparation of wound composites. This modification noticeably increases crack and impact resistance of OFRP based on aramid fibers without decreasing the glass transition temperature, as when matrices are plasticized by rubber and active diluents. The strongest effect of polysulfone introduced into an epoxy matrix is observed at a large (20 wt %) content of PSK-1. The modification of epoxypolysulfone matrices by CNTs also increases the shear strength of OFRP and almost does not change the fracture toughness and compression strength. The introduction of CNTs into epoxy matrices is less effective and can increase crack growth resistance of OFRP by approximately 30% only at a large (1%) content of CNTs. Small CNT admixtures (0.3–0.6%) do not influence the fracture toughness. Possible mechanisms of the changes observed are considered. Content Type Journal Article Category Chemical Physics of Polymer Materials Pages 425-432 DOI 10.1134/S199079311206005X Authors V. I. Solodilov, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Kosygina 4, Moscow, Russia R. A. Korokhin, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Kosygina 4, Moscow, Russia Yu. A. Gorbatkina, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Kosygina 4, Moscow, Russia A. M. Kuperman, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Kosygina 4, Moscow, Russia Journal Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Focus on Physics Online ISSN 1990-7923 Print ISSN 1990-7931 Journal Volume Volume 6 Journal Issue Volume 6, Number 3

Description:    It is shown that some amphiphilic polymers (AP), including, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), which exhibit no their own photochemical activity, can increase the activity of porphyrin photosensitizers (PPS), the most effective and nontoxic types of dyes for photodynamic action on tumor cells. It is also shown that, under the model conditions of tryptophan photooxidation, addition of amphiphilic polymers increases the activity of carborane-substituted tetra(fluorophenyl)porphyrins, Photoditazine, and dimegin. According to NMR and fluorescence spectroscopy data, this phenomenon, known as polymer effect, is probably associated with the formation of AP-PPS complexes, a factor that prevents the aggregation of PPS, normally occurring in aqueous solutions, thereby enhancing the photosensitizing activity of PPS. Content Type Journal Article Category Chemical Physics of Polymer Materials Pages 433-440 DOI 10.1134/S1990793112060061 Authors A. B. Solov’eva, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia N. A. Aksenova, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia N. N. Glagolev, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia N. S. Melik-Nubarov, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia A. V. Ivanov, Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia V. I. Volkov, Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast, Russia A. V. Chernyak, Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast, Russia Journal Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Focus on Physics Online ISSN 1990-7923 Print ISSN 1990-7931 Journal Volume Volume 6 Journal Issue Volume 6, Number 3

Description:    The initiation of detonation in pressed finely dispersed explosives by a high-voltage electric discharge is studied. It is shown that this type of initiation can be greatly simplified by adding to the explosive metal (conductive) additives with a high specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity. It is established that the parameters of the initiating electric discharge depend on the fractal structure of the nanocrystalline explosive. Content Type Journal Article Category Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves Pages 390-396 DOI 10.1134/S199079311205003X Authors V. A. Bragin, Research Institute “Poisk”, Murino, Leningradskaya oblast, Russia S. A. Dushenok, Special Design Bureau “Tekhnolog”, St. Petersburg, Russia V. G. Kulikov, Special Design Bureau “Tekhnolog”, St. Petersburg, Russia G. G. Savenkov, Research Institute “Poisk”, Murino, Leningradskaya oblast, Russia G. V. Semashkin, Special Design Bureau “Tekhnolog”, St. Petersburg, Russia Journal Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Focus on Physics Online ISSN 1990-7923 Print ISSN 1990-7931 Journal Volume Volume 6 Journal Issue Volume 6, Number 3

Description:    Human LOX-1/OLR 1 plays a key role in atherogenesis and endothelial dysfunction. The N-glycosylation of LOX-1 has been shown to affect its biological functions in vivo and modulate the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. However, the N-glycosylation pattern of LOX-1 has not been described yet. The present study was aimed at elucidating the N-glycosylation of recombinant human LOX-1 with regard to N-glycan profile and N-glycosylation sites. Here, an approach using nonspecific protease (Pronase E) digestion followed by MALDI-QIT-TOF MS and multistage MS (MS 3 ) analysis is explored to obtain site-specific N-glycosylation information of recombinant human LOX-1, in combination with glycan structure confirmation through characterizing released glycans using tandem MS. The results reveal that N-glycans structures as well as their corresponding attached site of LOX-1 can be identified simultaneously by direct MS analysis of glycopeptides from non-specific protease digestion. With this approach, one potential glycosylation site of recombinant human LOX-1 on Asn 139 is readily identified and found to carry heterogeneous complex type N-glycans. In addition, manual annotation of multistage MS data utilizing diagnostic ions, which were found to be particularly useful in defining the structure of glycopeptides and glycans was addressed for proper spectra interpretation. The findings described herein will shed new light on further research of the structure-function relationships of LOX-1 N-glycan. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-11 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9408-z Authors Yifan Qian, Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China Xingwang Zhang, Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China Lei Zhou, Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China Xiaojing Yun, Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China Jianhui Xie, Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China Jiejie Xu, Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China Yuanyuan Ruan, Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China Shifang Ren, Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080

Description:    Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disorder that is characterized by persistent recurrence of joint inflammation leading to cartilage and bone destruction. The present anti-arthritis therapies failed to achieve satisfactory remission in all patients; therefore, it is still necessary to develop novel approaches to fulfill the demand in clinic. Here, we reported the therapeutic effects of lactosyl derivative Gu-4, a synthetic compound that was previously identified as a selective inhibitor against leukocyte integrin CD11b, in a bovine type II collagen induced arthritis (CIA) rat model. First, prophylactic administration of Gu-4 (1.2728 mg/kg) to rats by intraperitoneal injection every 2 days from the first day of collagen immunization significantly decreased the incidence of CIA, diminished the mean paw volume increase, and reduced the number of swollen paws. Second, administration of Gu-4 (1.2728 mg/kg) to rats at early-onset stage of CIA prevented the progression of the pathological process of RA, accelerated the remission of paw edema, and declined the arthritis score; after 5 weeks treatment, X-ray and histological examinations were carried out, the ankle joint of hind limb of Gu-4 treated CIA rats exhibited slighter bone erosion and much less inflammatory cell infiltration compared to those of saline treated animals; furthermore, Gu-4 remarkably attenuated the production of rheumatoid factor (RF) in the serum of CIA rats as determined by ELISA. Moreover, we performed in vitro lymphocyte proliferation assay and found that Gu-4 significantly inhibited the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes isolated from CIA rats in a dose-dependent manner. Our results suggest that Gu-4 can effectively ameliorate CIA and might be an alternative option for the treatment of RA. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-9 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9407-0 Authors Jie Fan, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046 China Huiting Zhou, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046 China Shihui Wang, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046 China Hailian Wang, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046 China Yushun Zhang, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046 China Yingtao Guo, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046 China Qing Li, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100083 China Zhongjun Li, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100083 China Zhihui Zhao, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046 China Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080

Description:    Despite recent technical advances in glycan analysis, the rapidly growing field of glycomics still lacks methods that are high throughput and robust, and yet allow detailed and reliable identification of different glycans. LC-MS-MS 2 methods have a large potential for glycan analysis as they enable separation and identification of different glycans, including structural isomers. The major drawback is the complexity of the data with different charge states and adduct combinations. In practice, manual data analysis, still largely used for MALDI-TOF data, is no more achievable for LC-MS-MS 2 data. To solve the problem, we developed a glycan analysis software GlycanID for the analysis of LC-MS-MS 2 data to identify and profile glycan compositions in combination with existing proteomic software. IgG was used as an example of an individual glycoprotein and extracted cell surface proteins of human fibroblasts as a more complex sample to demonstrate the power of the novel data analysis approach. N-glycans were isolated from the samples and analyzed as permethylated sugar alditols by LC-MS-MS 2 , permitting semiquantitative glycan profiling. The data analysis consisted of five steps: 1) extraction of LC-MS features and MS 2 spectra, 2) mapping potential glycans based on feature distribution, 3) matching the feature masses with a glycan composition database and de novo generated compositions, 4) scoring MS 2 spectra with theoretical glycan fragments, and 5) composing the glycan profile for the identified glycan compositions. The resulting N-glycan profile of IgG revealed 28 glycan compositions and was in good correlation with the published IgG profile. More than 50 glycan compositions were reliably identified from the cell surface N-glycan profile of human fibroblasts. Use of the GlycanID software made relatively rapid analysis of complex glycan LC-MS-MS 2 data feasible. The results demonstrate that the complexity of glycan LC-MS-MS 2 data can be used as an asset to increase the reliability of the identifications. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-12 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9412-3 Authors Hannu Peltoniemi, Applied Numerics Ltd, Nuottapolku 10 A 8, 00330 Helsinki, Finland Suvi Natunen, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Helsinki, Finland Ilja Ritamo, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Helsinki, Finland Leena Valmu, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Helsinki, Finland Jarkko Räbinä, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Helsinki, Finland Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080

Description:    Proteoglycans have been studied to a limited extent in lymphoid cells. In this study we have investigated the expression of proteoglycans in B-cells, CD4+ T-cells, CD8+ T-cells, natural killer cells, as well as in nine different cell lines established from patients with lymphoid malignancies. Serglycin was the major proteoglycan expressed at mRNA level by the primary lymphocytes. None of the syndecans or glycpicans was detected at mRNA level in the primary lymphocytes, except for syndecan-4 in CD4+ T-cells and CD8+ T-cells. All lymphoid cell lines expressed serglycin mRNA, as well as one or several members of the syndecan and glypican families. Further, increased synthesis of proteoglycans was found in the cell lines compared to the primary lymphocytes, as well as the presence of heparan sulfate on the cell surface of five of the cells lines. Western blot analysis showed a close correlation between serglycin mRNA level and expression of serglycin core protein. Our results show that serglycin is a major proteoglycan in all the normal lymphoid cells and that these cells carry little, or none, proteoglycans on the cell surface. Serglycin was also a major proteoglycan in the malignant lymphoid cells, but these also expressed one or more types of cell surface proteoglycans. Thus, malignant transformation of lymphoid cells may be followed by increased synthesis of proteoglycans and expression of cell surface proteoglycans. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-11 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9427-9 Authors Bodil Fadnes, Institute of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway Anne Husebekk, Institute of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway Gunbjørg Svineng, Institute of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway Øystein Rekdal, Institute of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway Masaki Yanagishita, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan Svein O. Kolset, Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Lars Uhlin-Hansen, Institute of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080

Description:    The pressure at the front and the pressure impulse of blast waves generated in a cylindrical tube by the expanding products of the nonideal detonation of low-porosity charges prepared by pressing of fine-grained powders of aluminum, Teflon, and RDX were measured. The measured parameters are compared to the same parameters of blast waves produced by the detonation of TNT charges of identical mass. The relative quantities were used to evaluate the effectiveness of blast waves with respect to those generated by TNT. Mixed compositions differing in the shape (brand) of the aluminum powder particles and the ratio between the components at 30% RDX are studied. It is shown that, for the investigated compositions, the pressure at the leading front of the wave exceeds the pressure achieved during TNT explosion on average by 10–30%, almost independently of the distance traveled along the tube in the range from 0.8 to 3.8 m. The dependence of the wave amplitude on the particle shape and aluminum content was weak. In the same range of distances, the relative pulse pressure increases strongly, from 0.5 to 2.1 and higher, mainly due to an increase in the width of the wave. This result is of interest from the point of view of achieving a high pressure impulse of the blast wave in an area remote from the charge. The obtained data suggest that RDX mainly reacts in the detonation wave, with the chemical transformation of Teflon and aluminum in the detonation wave and near-to-charge zone occurring, if at all, to a small extent. On the contrary, as the blast wave front moves through the channel, the burning of aluminum in the fluoride formed during the decomposition of Teflon provides an appreciable support to the blast wave, causing a significant increase in the pressure impulse. Content Type Journal Article Category Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves Pages 397-403 DOI 10.1134/S1990793112060073 Authors A. A. Sulimov, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia B. S. Ermolaev, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia M. K. Sukoyan, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Journal Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Focus on Physics Online ISSN 1990-7923 Print ISSN 1990-7931 Journal Volume Volume 6 Journal Issue Volume 6, Number 3

Description:    A review of works on chain solid-state processes a correct description of which requires taking into account the effect of their stimulation by mobile nanovoids is presented. It is shown that nontrivial (specific) kinetic features of solid-state polymerization, energy saving high-temperature shear grinding of polymers, and electron transfer in glasses through distances large in comparison with intermolecular distances can only be explained using the effect mentioned above. A mechanism of gasless flame initiated and sustained by mobile nanovoids and microcracks in strained chemically active composites was suggested and analyzed. Content Type Journal Article Category Chemical Physics of Polymer Materials Pages 407-415 DOI 10.1134/S1990793112060036 Authors A. M. Kaplan, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Kosygina 4, Moscow, Russia N. I. Chekunaev, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Kosygina 4, Moscow, Russia Journal Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Focus on Physics Online ISSN 1990-7923 Print ISSN 1990-7931 Journal Volume Volume 6 Journal Issue Volume 6, Number 3

Description:    A kinetic study (EPR, microvolumometry), quantum-chemical analysis (DFT B3LYP/6-31G*), and kinetic simulation of the antioxidant activity of aliphatic stable nitroxyl radicals during styrene oxidation was performed. The key reactions constituting the detailed mechanism of the process were analyzed. It was shown that the inhibiting action of nitroxyl radicals was caused by their reaction not only with alkyl radicals but also with substrate peroxy radicals, which resulted in the regeneration of nitroxyl radicals in chain-termination steps. Content Type Journal Article Category Kinetics and Mechanism of Chemical Reactions. Catalysis Pages 376-383 DOI 10.1134/S1990793112020108 Authors E. M. Pliss, Yaroslavl State University, ul. Sovetskaya 14, Yaroslavl, 150000 Russia I. V. Tikhonov, Yaroslavl State University, ul. Sovetskaya 14, Yaroslavl, 150000 Russia A. I. Rusakov, Yaroslavl State University, ul. Sovetskaya 14, Yaroslavl, 150000 Russia Journal Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Focus on Physics Online ISSN 1990-7923 Print ISSN 1990-7931 Journal Volume Volume 6 Journal Issue Volume 6, Number 3

Description:    Generation of charged current carriers in photovoltaic cells with polymeric p-n heterostructures as an active layer was studied. Photo- and thermofield stimulation of Pool-Frenkel type states at the p-n interface of polymeric heterostructures based on p (doped polyimides) and n type (doped carbazolyl-containing polymers and polyesteramides) was found to cause the generation of current carriers and observation of photostimulated currents. These states are interpreted as stabilized pairs of charges consisting of carriers captured by deep charged centers with the opposite sign. They are presumably formed at the interface as a result of an irreversible photochemical reaction of the free radical type of a radical-ion pair, which appears in the phototransfer of an electron from a donor polyimide fragment to an excited dopant particle. The effectiveness of the formation and accumulation of these states was found to increase as the surface area and the degree of interface development (sharp, diffuse, volume) grew. Photostimulated currents were shown to influence the photovoltaic characteristics of cells based on polymeric p-n heterostructures: an increase in short circuit photocurrent (by more than an order of magnitude for a volume interface and by several times for a diffusion interface) was observed, and free running voltage increased (to 1.2–1.4 V). This allows the energy effectiveness of photovoltaic cells to be substantially increased at a moderate increase in temperature (by no more than 20–30°C), in particular, because of nonactinic light source IR radiation. The formation of ion-radical pairs and their relation to Pool-Frenkel states is substantiated by observed positive magnetic field influence ( H 〈 1 kOe, T = 293−323 K) on the yield of luminescence of dopant particles and photostimulated current (magnetic spin effects by the hyperfine interaction mechanism). Content Type Journal Article Category Effect of External Factors on Physicochemical Transformations Pages 348-356 DOI 10.1134/S1990793112050089 Authors B. M. Rumyantsev, Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Kosygina 4, Moscow, 117977 Russia V. I. Berendyaev, Karpov Research Institute of Physical Chemistry, ul. Vorontsovo pole 10, Moscow, 105064 Russia A. V. Pebalk, Karpov Research Institute of Physical Chemistry, ul. Vorontsovo pole 10, Moscow, 105064 Russia Journal Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Focus on Physics Online ISSN 1990-7923 Print ISSN 1990-7931 Journal Volume Volume 6 Journal Issue Volume 6, Number 3

Description:    The regularities of the oxidation of electroexplosion iron nanopowder, produced by the wire electric explosion, heated in air under conditions of linearly increasing temperature and in the isothermal mode are examined. The oxidation process under conditions of linear heating is demonstrated to occur stepwise due to the combined influence of the fractional composition of the powder, its phase composition, and the structure of the oxide layer formed on the surface of the particles. It is shown that, under isothermal conditions (250–600°C), the oxidation of the nanopowder, as opposed to micron-sized powders, obeys a linear law and proceeds in the kinetic regime with E a = 100 ± 7 kJ/mol. The conditions of thermogravimetry analysis at which the thermal self-ignition of the nanopowder occurs are determined. Based on the numerical evaluation of the sample surface heating parameter, the experimentally measured critical temperature is verified. Content Type Journal Article Category Kinetics and Mechanism of Chemical Reactions. Catalysis Pages 368-375 DOI 10.1134/S1990793112050053 Authors A. V. Korshunov, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia Journal Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Focus on Physics Online ISSN 1990-7923 Print ISSN 1990-7931 Journal Volume Volume 6 Journal Issue Volume 6, Number 3

Description:    The free binding energy of two RNA molecules is determined and some statistical properties such as fluctuation of the mean binding energy between two RNA molecules and the distribution of loop lengths in the structure formed are discussed. An analysis of the dependence of the specific free energy of a complex of two long random RNA molecules on the number c of nucleotide types led us to suggest that the four-letter genetic alphabet used by nature plays a special role. Content Type Journal Article Category Chemical Physics of Biological Processes Pages 404-406 DOI 10.1134/S1990793112060085 Authors O. V. Val’ba, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskii per. 9, Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow oblast, 141700 Russia S. K. Nechaev, LPTMS, University Paris Sud, Orsay, France M. V. Tamm, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia Journal Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Focus on Physics Online ISSN 1990-7923 Print ISSN 1990-7931 Journal Volume Volume 6 Journal Issue Volume 6, Number 3

Description:    The results of an experimental study of the acoustic admittance of the burning surface of composite propellants performed with the use of a two-end combustion chamber (T-chamber) are presented. The effects of the composition of the composite propellant (type of fuel-binder, content of aluminum powder, burning rate catalysts) and of ionizing γ-radiation on the acoustic admittance, which characterizes the tendency of the combustion chamber to high-frequency instability, are analyzed. Content Type Journal Article Category Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves Pages 384-389 DOI 10.1134/S1990793112050028 Authors V. A. Arkhipov, Research Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia S. A. Volkov, Tomsk National Research State University, Tomsk, Russia L. N. Revyagin, Tomsk National Research State University, Tomsk, Russia Journal Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Focus on Physics Online ISSN 1990-7923 Print ISSN 1990-7931 Journal Volume Volume 6 Journal Issue Volume 6, Number 3

Description:    A unit in which two lasers, one with femtosecond and the other continuous radiation, were used was designed and manufactured. Both lasers worked under holographic control conditions provided by two spatial optic modulators. Experiments with creating several polymer structures by several femtosecond optical “traps” simultaneously were performed. The possibility of the production of one polymer article by simultaneous displacement of several femtosecond optical traps was demonstrated. A polymer article was also prepared by several femtosecond traps and manipulated with the use of several continuous traps. The possibility of focusing femtosecond radiation onto an extended object (“thread” 13 μm long) and the preparation of a polymer object by controlling a femtosecond optical trap in three-dimensional space was demonstrated. Content Type Journal Article Category Effect of External Factors on Physicochemical Transformations Pages 357-361 DOI 10.1134/S1990793112060097 Authors A. D. Zalesskii, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Kosygina 4, Moscow, Russia N. A. Danil’chenko, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Kosygina 4, Moscow, Russia Yu. V. Barbashov, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Kosygina 4, Moscow, Russia B. I. Zapadinskii, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Kosygina 4, Moscow, Russia O. M. Sarkisov, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Kosygina 4, Moscow, Russia Journal Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Focus on Physics Online ISSN 1990-7923 Print ISSN 1990-7931 Journal Volume Volume 6 Journal Issue Volume 6, Number 3

Description:    Mucin-type O -linked glycoproteins are known for regulating many aspects of cell activity but remains a challenge to detect under physiological conditions which is due to the diversity of O -glycosylation and the lack of universal method. Here a direct labeling strategy for in situ visualizing of mucin-type O -linked glycoproteins on living cells has been developed. The strategy utilizes the combination of metabolic engineering and chemical probing technologies. Treating cells with an unnatural sugar, 2-keto Ac 4 GalNAc analogue (2-keto isostere of GalNAc) to generate keto groups upon cells, followed by chemoselective ligation of keto groups on cells with a fluorescent tag, fluorescein-5-thiosemicarbazide (FTSC), provides a promising platform to probing mucin-type O -glycosylation on living cells. The FTSC conjugates illustrated very similar fluorescent spectra as FITC, a fluorescent tag widely used in proteomics, indicating good compatibility with commonly used fluorescent equipments. The established method eliminated the need of an additional fluorescent amplification step. Cells after being treated with the method maintained a rather high level of viability of 84.3 %. Finally, the assay has been successfully applied to image the expression of mucin-type O -linked glycoproteins within CHO and HeLa cells. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-8 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9425-y Authors Ying Zhang, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 People’s Republic of China Yujiao Sun, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 People’s Republic of China Zhongfu Wang, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 People’s Republic of China Linjuan Huang, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 People’s Republic of China Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080

Description:    Changes in the morphology and structure of a neuron cell in the process of manipulating it with an femtosecond laser tweezers operating at a wavelength of 800 nm are examined. The changes in the morphology and structure are caused by the nonlinear optical absorption and multiphoton excitation of cell biomacromolecules by femtosecond pulses of light. The cell nucleus is demonstrated to be destroyed by focused femtosecond laser radiation (FLR). Changes in the state of the cytoplasmic nucleoproteins and the hydrophobicity of the plasmatic membrane under the action of FLR focused inside the cell are observed. By the example of the simultaneous displacement of the neuron with a cw laser and cutting of a neuron with FLR, the operation of holographic optical manipulator and a scalpel based on the use of femtosecond and cw lasers is considered. The possibility of the simultaneous microsurgical operation with several optical foci of FLR is demonstrated. Content Type Journal Article Category Effect of External Factors on Physicochemical Transformations Pages 362-367 DOI 10.1134/S1990793112060024 Authors Yu. V. Barbashov, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia A. D. Zalesskii, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia M. A. Berezutskaya, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia G. V. Maksimov, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia A. B. Rubin, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia O. M. Sarkisov, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia V. A. Nadtochenko, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Journal Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Focus on Physics Online ISSN 1990-7923 Print ISSN 1990-7931 Journal Volume Volume 6 Journal Issue Volume 6, Number 3

Description:    Quantum-chemical semiempirical calculations were performed of the adsorption of fluorine and hydrogen atoms and molecules on the surface of single-layered carbon nanotubes with various diameters. Semiempirical quantum-chemical MNDO calculations were based on the model of a molecular cluster with boundary pseudoatoms. The energy characteristics of adsorption were determined. Changes in physical properties caused by the adsorption of atoms and diatomic molecules were analyzed. Content Type Journal Article Category Chemical Physics of Nanomaterials Pages 448-454 DOI 10.1134/S1990793112050090 Authors E. N. Shamina, Volgograd State Medical University, Pavshikh Bortsov Sq.1, Volgograd, 400131 Russia N. G. Lebedev, Volgograd State University, Vtoraya Prodol’naya ul. 30, Volgograd, 400062 Russia Journal Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Focus on Physics Online ISSN 1990-7923 Print ISSN 1990-7931 Journal Volume Volume 6 Journal Issue Volume 6, Number 3

Description:    The Raman spectra of the (GaN) 129 , (SiO 2 ) 86 , and (GaN) 54 (SiO 2 ) 50 nanoparticles were calculated using the molecular dynamics method. The spectrum of (SiO 2 ) 86 had three broad bands only, whereas the Raman spectrum of (GaN) 129 contained a large number of overlapping bands. The form of the Raman spectrum of (GaN) 54 (SiO 2 ) 50 was determined by the arrangement of the GaN and SiO 2 components in it. The nanoparticle with a GaN nucleus had a continuous fairly smooth spectrum over the frequency range 0 ≤ ω ≤ 600 cm −1 , whereas the spectrum of the nanoparticle with a SiO 2 nucleus contained well-defined bands caused by vibrations of groups of atoms of different kinds and atoms of the same kind. Content Type Journal Article Category Chemical Physics of Nanomaterials Pages 441-447 DOI 10.1134/S1990793112050041 Authors A. E. Galashev, Institute of Industrial Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, 620219 Russia Journal Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Focus on Physics Online ISSN 1990-7923 Print ISSN 1990-7931 Journal Volume Volume 6 Journal Issue Volume 6, Number 3

Description:    The tritium planigraphy method is based on the nonselective substitution of radioactive isotope tritium for hydrogen in hydrocarbon fragments of molecules by means of a chemical reaction involving hot tritium atoms. Data on the steric accessibility of the system components (macromolecules in the complex, amino acid residues, and even individual atomic groups of macromolecules) characterize the structure of the object. The method, applicable to substances in different phase states, has no restrictions on the molecular weight of the target. Tritium planigraphy, used equally successfully in both crystals and solutions, makes it possible to study fine changes in the structure. The main results of studies of the structure of nanosized biocompexes by tritium planigraphy are presented. Content Type Journal Article Category Chemical Physics of Biological Processes Pages 538-542 DOI 10.1134/S1990793112080039 Authors E. N. Bogacheva, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia A. A. Dolgov, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia A. L. Chulichkov, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia A. V. Shishkov, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Journal Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Focus on Physics Online ISSN 1990-7923 Print ISSN 1990-7931 Journal Volume Volume 6 Journal Issue Volume 6, Number 4

Description:    A numerical study of the ignition of the liquid fuel drop-massive heat source-air and liquid fuel-small-size heat source-air systems was performed. It was established how the ignition delay times of single drops and large amounts of liquid fuel depend on the temperature of the heated body. Possible modes of ignition of a typical fuel by small and extensive heat sources were identified. Content Type Journal Article Category Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves Pages 498-510 DOI 10.1134/S1990793112040057 Authors G. V. Kuznetsov, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia P. A. Strizhak, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia Journal Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Focus on Physics Online ISSN 1990-7923 Print ISSN 1990-7931 Journal Volume Volume 6 Journal Issue Volume 6, Number 4

Description:    The weak-segregation phase behavior of a monodisperse melt of a binary graft copolymer the macromolecules of which consist of two blocks with different densities of grafting of side chains is investigated. The length of the side chains in each block is assumed to be the same. Analysis of the structure factor of the system indicates the possibility of formation of two-scale structures in the melt. The realized scales differ significantly from each other and correspond to a phase separation between the blocks and between the monomeric units that form the repeating fragment of the graft copolymer. Classification diagrams are constructed, which describe the scale of the structures formed in the melt at different values of the parameters of the chemical structure of the macromolecules. Content Type Journal Article Category Chemical Physics of Polymer Materials Pages 543-552 DOI 10.1134/S1990793112040045 Authors N. Yu. Kuz’minykh, Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia M. A. Aliev, Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Journal Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Focus on Physics Online ISSN 1990-7923 Print ISSN 1990-7931 Journal Volume Volume 6 Journal Issue Volume 6, Number 4

Description:    In recent years, femtochemistry and femtobiology have been quickly progressing. The specific characteristics of femtosecond pulses have extended the possibilities of traditional experiments and allowed obtaining new previously inacceptable information. New lines of research have emerged. This publication overviews studies performed at the Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. These studies cover three new directions: the mechanisms of intramolecular physicochemical processes occurring on the femto-picosecond timescale, coherent photochemistry based on the action of femtosecond pulses, and physicochemical processes initiated by multiphoton absorption of femtosecond radiation. The scope of these directions is illustrated by the results of studies of actual chemical and biological systems. Content Type Journal Article Category Effect of External Factors on Physicochemical Transformations Pages 458-470 DOI 10.1134/S1990793112080088 Authors O. M. Sarkisov, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Journal Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Focus on Physics Online ISSN 1990-7923 Print ISSN 1990-7931 Journal Volume Volume 6 Journal Issue Volume 6, Number 4

Description:    A comparative analysis of intramolecular vibrational relaxation times of polyatomic anions in solutions of electrolytes and vibrational energy relaxation times was performed. Vibrational relaxation times were calculated by analyzing the form of isotropic Raman scattering bands. The conclusion was drawn that the main process responsible for the formation of the isotropic contour of Raman symmetrical stretching vibration bands of anions in solutions of electrolytes was vibrational dephasing. Because of the formation of ion-molecular H-bonds, vibrational dephasing and energy relaxation times decreased substantially differently. Content Type Journal Article Category Structure of Chemical Compounds. Spectroscopy Pages 455-457 DOI 10.1134/S1990793112050077 Authors G. P. Mikhailov, Ufa State Technical University of Aviation, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia Journal Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Focus on Physics Online ISSN 1990-7923 Print ISSN 1990-7931 Journal Volume Volume 6 Journal Issue Volume 6, Number 4

Description:    A method for studying the reactions of surface alkoxy radicals with O 2 at temperatures of 230 to 300 K is described. Alkoxy radicals were generated directly in the cavity of an EPR spectrometer. Surface organic radicals, prepared from paraffin wax ((CH 3 ) 2 (CH 2 ) n , n = 16–20), were applied to Aerosil particles from a solution in heptane. The Aerosil sample was placed in the cavity of the EPR spectrometer in a cylindrical cup with a central hole for pumping out gases and exposed to H atoms. In this way, it is possible observe a steady increase in the EPR signal from the surface radicals. To measure the rate constant at tropospheric temperatures, the reaction tube was placed in a Teflon jacket, through which cool nitrogen vapor was pumped. The temperature in the reactor was varied from 230 to 300 K. The recorded EPR spectra belong to the (RO) s radical. After obtaining a stable EPR signal from the surface radicals, treatment with H atoms was stopped, additional flow of O 2 was introduced ([O 2 ] = 10 14 –10 16 cm −3 ), and the reaction of O 2 with the surface organic radicals was studied by monitoring the EPR signal decay. The temperature dependence of the rate constant for the (RO) s + O 2 → HO 2 + ketone was obtained within T = 230–300 K. The extrapolation of the data to real tropospheric conditions ([O 2 ] = 10 18 cm −3 ) was performed. Content Type Journal Article Category Kinetics and Mechanism of Chemical Reactions. Catalysis Pages 471-474 DOI 10.1134/S1990793112040070 Authors A. V. Stepanov, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia D. V. Shestakov, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Journal Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Focus on Physics Online ISSN 1990-7923 Print ISSN 1990-7931 Journal Volume Volume 6 Journal Issue Volume 6, Number 4

Description:    Reliable experimental data on the influence of the magnetic moment of the 25 Mg isotope nucleus on the vital functions of E. coli cells are reported. The presence of the 25 Mg magnetic isotope in the medium increases the growth rate and colony-forming ability of microorganisms as compared with the 24 Mg and 26 Mg nonmagnetic isotopes. An intracellular enrichment in 25 Mg improves the viability of the bacterial culture. The magnetic nature of the observed biological effects of the 25 Mg isotope is demonstrated. Content Type Journal Article Category Chemical Physics of Biological Processes Pages 531-537 DOI 10.1134/S1990793112040069 Authors U. G. Shevchenko, Orenburg State University, Orenburg, Russia E. I. Avdeeva, Orenburg State University, Orenburg, Russia V. L. Berdinskii, Orenburg State University, Orenburg, Russia Journal Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Focus on Physics Online ISSN 1990-7923 Print ISSN 1990-7931 Journal Volume Volume 6 Journal Issue Volume 6, Number 4

Description:    A method for production of mechanically activated energetic compositions consisting of nanosilicon and solid inorganic oxidizers is developed. For the compositions prepared, both high-speed burning and detonation are observed. The propagation of the reaction is accompanied by a high energy release, comparable to the heat of explosion of aluminized high explosives. The compositions are highly sensitive to thermal stimuli and capable of rapid deflagration-to-detonation transition. The results obtained in the work suggest that nanosilicon-based formulations as promising energetic materials for a wide range of applications, from initiating compositions in blasting caps to compositions for small charges in microsystem devices. Content Type Journal Article Category Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves Pages 523-530 DOI 10.1134/S1990793112080052 Authors A. Yu. Dolgoborodov, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia A. N. Streletskii, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia M. N. Makhov, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia V. A. Teselkin, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Sh. L. Guseinov, State Research Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Organoelement Compounds, Moscow, Russia P. A. Storozhenko, State Research Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Organoelement Compounds, Moscow, Russia V. E. Fortov, Joint Institute of High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Journal Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Focus on Physics Online ISSN 1990-7923 Print ISSN 1990-7931 Journal Volume Volume 6 Journal Issue Volume 6, Number 4

Description:    A historical excursus is presented on the participation of the Laboratory of Reinforced Plastics of the Institute of Chemical Physics RAS in the development of scientific and technological foundations of producing and refining these materials. The main directions of research include studying the extent of realization of the fiber properties in unidirectional composites and determining the roles of the fibers, polymer matrix, and material structure. Record tensile properties of organic- and carbon-fiber reinforced plastics and compressive properties of glass-fiber reinforced plastics have been achieved. Most effective directions for application of these materials are identified. Content Type Journal Article Category Chemical Physics of Polymer Materials Pages 553-562 DOI 10.1134/S1990793112080064 Authors A. M. Kuperman, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Yu. A. Gorbatkina, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia R. A. Turusov, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Journal Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Focus on Physics Online ISSN 1990-7923 Print ISSN 1990-7931 Journal Volume Volume 6 Journal Issue Volume 6, Number 4

Description:    Glycoconjugates (GCs) are recognized as stimulation and signaling agents, affecting cell adhesion, activation, and growth of living organisms. Among GC targets, macrophages are considered ideal since they play a central role in inflammation and immune responses against foreign agents. In this context, we studied the effects of highly selective GCs in neutralizing toxin factors produced by B. anthracis during phagocytosis using murine macrophages. The effects of GCs were studied under three conditions: A) prior to , B) during , and C) following exposure of macrophages to B. anthracis individual toxin (protective antigen [PA], edema factor [EF], lethal factor [LF] or toxin complexes (PA-EF-LF, PA-EF, and PA-LF). We employed ex vivo phagocytosis and post-phagocytosis analysis including direct microscopic observation of macrophage viability, and macrophage activation. Our results demonstrated that macrophages are more prone to adhere to GC-altered PA-EF-LF, PA-EF, and PA-LF toxin complexes. This adhesion results in a higher phagocytosis rate and toxin complex neutralization during phagocytosis. In addition, GCs enhance macrophage viability, activate macrophages, and stimulate nitric oxide (NO) production. The present study may be helpful in identifying GC ligands with toxin-neutralizing and/or immunomodulating properties. In addition, our study could suggest GCs as new targets for existing vaccines and the prospective development of vaccines and immunomodulators used to combat the effects of B. anthracis . Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-12 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9446-6 Authors Olga Tarasenko, Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 South University Ave., Little Rock, AR 72204, USA Ashley Scott, Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 South University Ave., Little Rock, AR 72204, USA April Jones, Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 South University Ave., Little Rock, AR 72204, USA Lee Soderberg, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA Pierre Alusta, Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 South University Ave., Little Rock, AR 72204, USA Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080

Description:    In the past decade, the identification of most genes involved in Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) (type I) was achieved by a combination of biochemical, cell biological and glycobiological investigations. This has been truly successful for CDG-I, because the candidate genes could be selected on the basis of the homology of the synthetic pathway of the dolichol linked oligosaccharide in human and yeast. On the contrary, only a few CDG-II defects were elucidated, be it that some of the discoveries represent wonderful breakthroughs, like e.g , the identification of the COG defects. In general, many rare genetic defects have been identified by positional cloning. However, only a few types of CDG have effectively been elucidated by linkage analysis and so-called reverse genetics. The reason is that the families were relatively small and could—except for CDG-PMM2—not be pooled for analysis. Hence, a large number of CDG cases has long remained unsolved because the search for the culprit gene was very laborious, due to the heterogeneous phenotype and the myriad of candidate defects. This has changed when homozygosity mapping came of age, because it could be applied to small (consanguineous) families. Many novel CDG genes have been discovered in this way. But the best has yet to come: what we are currently witnessing, is an explosion of novel CDG defects, thanks to exome sequencing: seven novel types were published over a period of only two years. It is expected that exome sequencing will soon become a diagnostic tool, that will continuously uncover new facets of this fascinating group of diseases. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-10 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9445-7 Authors Gert Matthijs, Center for Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium Daisy Rymen, Center for Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium María Beatriz Bistué Millón, Center for Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium Erika Souche, Center for Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium Valérie Race, Center for Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080

Description:    This review summarizes the analytical advances made during the last several years in the structural and quantitative determinations of glycoproteins in complex biological mixtures. The main analytical techniques used in the fields of glycomics and glycoproteomics involve different modes of mass spectrometry and their combinations with capillary separation methods such as microcolumn liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. The need for high-sensitivity measurements have been emphasized in the oligosaccharide profiling used in the field of biomarker discovery through MALDI mass spectrometry. High-sensitivity profiling of both glycans and glycopeptides from biological fluids and tissue extracts has been aided significantly through lectin preconcentration and the uses of affinity chromatography. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-29 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9444-8 Authors Milos V. Novotny, Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA William R. Alley Jr., Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA Benjamin F. Mann, Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080

Description:    It is shown that both an adequate understanding and effective analysis of energy exchange, localization, and transfer in nanoscale systems is closely related to important aspects of the “wave-particle” duality, one of the key concepts of quantum mechanics. Due to the revealed similarities between the mathematical description of weakly coupled classical oscillators and multilevel quantum systems, this relation turns out to be essential for classical physics as well. Although the development of quantum field theory led, in fact, to the abolition of the wave-particle duality at the fundamental level, putting into the forefront the oscillatory field in the vacuum and imparting to quantized particles the status of field excitations, the wave-particle dilemma continues to be a powerful heuristic principle of theoretical analysis in quantum and classical physics. Within the framework of this approach, it is possible to identify two limiting cases that allow a natural interpretation as applied to polymer physics. In the continuum approximation, very long macromolecules in polymer crystals and other ordered polymer systems (e.g., in the DNA double helix), although considerably more complex in structure than spatially one-dimensional models of nonlinear physics, are ideal objects for the application of ideas and methods of classical nonlinear field theory,. Depending on the conditions of operation, these systems feature both wavelike (normal vibrations and waves) and solitonlike (particlelike) excitation of the nonlinear field, or some combination thereof. The main difficulties to be overcome here are associated with an asymptotic reduction of realistic models of polymer chains and crystals to analytically solvable models. However, for oligomers, with relatively short chains, and nanostructures (second limiting case), it became necessary to develop a fundamentally new approach, since in this case, the formation of localized nonlinear excitations and irreversible energy transfer are preceded (in the level of excitation) by the stage of intense energy exchange between certain groups of particles, referred to as effective particles. Most intense energy transfer is described in terms of limiting phase trajectories, a notion alternative to classical nonlinear normal modes and quantum stationary states. The possibility of introducing effective particles becomes apparent when the initial molecular chain is reduced (in a certain range of its frequencies) to a system of weakly coupled nonlinear oscillators, which is described by the same equations as the multilevel quantum system. With increasing excitation energy, a threshold is reached at which intense energy transfer gives way to the localization of energy on the initially excited effective particle or to its transfer along the chain. In view of the quantum-classical analogy, the analysis of classical linear and nonlinear oscillator models of nanoscale systems is applicable to multilevel quantum systems. In both cases, the asymptotic nature of the wave-particle duality manifests itself, which makes it possible to clarify the relationship between the existing interpretations of it. Content Type Journal Article Category Chemical Physics of Nanomaterials Pages 563-581 DOI 10.1134/S1990793112080076 Authors L. I. Manevich, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Journal Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Focus on Physics Online ISSN 1990-7923 Print ISSN 1990-7931 Journal Volume Volume 6 Journal Issue Volume 6, Number 4

Description:    The characteristic features of the kinetics of the partial oxidation of light alkanes, the main component of natural gases, at moderate temperatures (300 〈 T 〈 1200°C) and the prospects for new technological processes on the basis of these reactions are discussed. Content Type Journal Article Category Kinetics and Mechanism of Chemical Reactions. Catalysis Pages 486-497 DOI 10.1134/S1990793112080027 Authors V. S. Arutyunov, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia L. N. Strekova, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Journal Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Focus on Physics Online ISSN 1990-7923 Print ISSN 1990-7931 Journal Volume Volume 6 Journal Issue Volume 6, Number 4

Description:    The detailed dynamics of direct three-body recombination of the Cs + and Br − heavy ions in the presence of the Xe atom as a third body is studied by the quasiclassical trajectory method. A potential energy surface that quantitatively correctly describes the dynamics of the reverse process of ion formation induced by collisions of CsBr with Xe is used. Depending on the impact parameter of the third body, the stabilization of the product molecule proceeds by several different mechanisms. At impact parameters of b R ≤ 7 au, the stabilization of the nascent molecule is largely controlled the repulsion potential between one of the ions or both the ions and the third body. The energy transferred to the third body does not depend directly on the repulsive potential energy between the ion and the third body. The phase of collision of the ions at the instant of closest approach plays a key role in the process of energy transfer. For collinear collision configurations of the three particles, the ion-Xe shallow potential wells are demonstrated to produce a noticeable effect. Content Type Journal Article Category Kinetics and Mechanism of Chemical Reactions. Catalysis Pages 475-485 DOI 10.1134/S1990793112040033 Authors D. B. Kabanov, Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia L. Yu. Rusin, Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Journal Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Focus on Physics Online ISSN 1990-7923 Print ISSN 1990-7931 Journal Volume Volume 6 Journal Issue Volume 6, Number 4

Description:    The ignition of hydrocarbons at low temperatures is experimentally studied in a rapid-mixture-injection static reactor. The ignition process was monitored using a high-speed color video camera. It was found that, at low temperatures, ignition starts in kernels, a feature also characteristic of methods for measuring the ignition delay time at high and medium temperatures (shock tube, rapid compression machine). Kernel-mode ignition is associated with gas-dynamic phenomena inherent in different techniques of heating the gas to the desired temperature. Ignition in the kernel is of chain-thermal nature. The emergence of a visible kernel can be considered the beginning of hot flame propagation. It is shown that, in the self-ignition mode, the propagation of the flame front from the initial kernel occurs by the induction mechanism, proposed by Ya.B. Zel’dovich, rather than by the diffusion-heat-conduction mechanism. Introduction of a platinum wire into the reactor produces a catalytic effect in the negative temperature coefficient region, while virtually unaffecting the ignition delay at lower temperatures. Content Type Journal Article Category Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves Pages 517-522 DOI 10.1134/S1990793112080040 Authors A. A. Borisov, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia N. M. Rubtsov, Institute of Structural Macrokinetics and Problems of Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovla, Moscow oblast, Russia G. I. Skachkov, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia K. Ya. Troshin, Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Journal Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Focus on Physics Online ISSN 1990-7923 Print ISSN 1990-7931 Journal Volume Volume 6 Journal Issue Volume 6, Number 4

Description:    The effect of temperature on the threshold of explosive decomposition of pentaerythritol tetranitrate samples with a density of ρ = 1.73 g/cm 3 containing 0.1 wt % 100- to 120-nm aluminum particles under the action of laser pulses (λ = 1.06 μm, τ = 20 ns) is examined. A model capable of describing the experimental results is proposed, according to which the explosive decomposition of the samples is associated with the absorption of laser radiation by structural defects of pentaerythritol tetranitrate and aluminum nanoparticles. It is demonstrated that, at 300 K, explosion initiation is largely determined by the heating of aluminum nanoparticles with the formation of chemical decomposition kernels nearby. Content Type Journal Article Category Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves Pages 511-516 DOI 10.1134/S1990793112040021 Authors B. P. Aduev, Kemerovo Department of the Institute of Solid-State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kemerovo, Russia G. M. Belokurov, Kemerovo Department of the Institute of Solid-State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kemerovo, Russia D. R. Nurmukhametov, Kemerovo Department of the Institute of Solid-State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kemerovo, Russia Journal Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Focus on Physics Online ISSN 1990-7923 Print ISSN 1990-7931 Journal Volume Volume 6 Journal Issue Volume 6, Number 4

Description:    Inborn errors in glycoconjugate biosynthesis termed ‘Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation’ (CDG) comprise a rapidly expanding group of metabolic diseases in man. Up till now more than 60 different inherited disorders in N- and O-glycosylation pathways have been identified. They affect the biosynthesis of glycan moieties linked to proteins as well as lipids. Due to failures in protein glycosylation, CDG patients suffer from multi systemic disorders, which mostly present with severe psychomotor and mental retardations, muscular impairment, ataxia, failure to thrive and developmental delay. Although improved biochemical and genetic investigations led to identification of a variety of new molecular defects in glycoconjugate biosynthesis, effective therapies for most types of the CDG are so far not available. Therefore, intensive investigations on treatment options for this group of diseases have been carried out in recent years. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-8 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9447-5 Authors Christian Thiel, Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Center for Metabolic Diseases Heidelberg, Kinderheilkunde I Im Neuenheimer Feld 433, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany Christian Körner, Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Center for Metabolic Diseases Heidelberg, Kinderheilkunde I Im Neuenheimer Feld 433, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080

Description:    Despite numerous original publications describing the structural complexity of N- and O-linked glycans on glycoproteins, only very few answer the basic question of which particular glycans are linked to which amino acid residues along the polypeptide chain. Such structural information is of fundamental importance for understanding the biological roles of complex glycosylations as well as deciphering their non-template driven biosynthesis. This review focuses on presenting and commenting on recent strategies, specifically aimed at identifying the glycoproteome of cultured cells and biological samples, using targeted and global enrichment procedures and utilizing the high resolution power, high through-put capacity and complementary fragmentation techniques of tandem mass spectrometry. The goal is to give an update of this emerging field of protein and glyco-sciences and suggest routes to bridge the data gap between the two aspects of glycoprotein characteristics, i.e. glycan structures and their attachment sites. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-18 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9438-6 Authors Jonas Nilsson, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, 413 45 Sweden Adnan Halim, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, 413 45 Sweden Ammi Grahn, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, 413 45 Sweden Göran Larson, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, 413 45 Sweden Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080

Description:    Among the “omics”, glycomics is one of the most complex fields and needs complementary strategies of analysis to decipher the “glycan dictionary”. As an alternative method, which has developed since the beginning of the 21st century, lectin array technology could generate relevant information related to glycan motifs, accessibility and a number of other valuable insights from molecules (purified and non-purified) or cells. Based on a cell line model, this study deals with the key parameters that influence the whole cell surface glycan interaction with lectin arrays and the consequences on the interpretation and reliability of the results. The comparison between the adherent and suspension forms of Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells, showed respective glycan signatures, which could be inhibited specifically by neoglycoproteins. The modifications of the respective glycan signatures were also revealed according to the detachment modes and cell growth conditions. Finally the power of lectin array technology was highlighted by the possibility of selecting and characterizing a specific clone from the mother cell line, based on the slight difference determination in the respective glycan signatures. Content Type Journal Article Category Glycoarray Section Pages 1-9 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9433-y Authors Ludovic Landemarre, GLYcoDIAG, Université d’Orléans, 45067 Orléans cedex 2, France Perrine Cancellieri, GLYcoDIAG, Université d’Orléans, 45067 Orléans cedex 2, France Eric Duverger, GlycoBiochimie/Département de Biologie, Université d’Orléans, 45067 Orléans cedex 2, France Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080

Description:    Brine shrimp are primitive crustacean arthropodal model organisms, second to daphnia, which can survive in high-salinity environments. Their oviposited cysts, cuticle-covered diapausing eggs, are highly resistant to dryness. To elucidate specialties of brine shrimp, this study characterized glycosphingolipids, which are signal transduction-associated material. A group of novel and complex fucosyl glycosphingolipids were separated and identified from cysts of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana by repeated lipid extraction, alkaline methanolysis, acid treatment, successive column chromatography, and post-source decay measurements by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Structures of the glycosphingolipids were elucidated by conventional structural characterization and mass spectrometry, and the compounds were identified as GlcNAcβ1-3GalNAcβ1-4(GlcNAcα1-2Fucα1-3)GlcNAcβ1-3Manβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer, GalNAcβ1-4(Fucα1-3)GlcNAcβ1-3GalNAcβ1-4(GlcNAcα1-2Fucα1-3)GlcNAcβ1-3Manβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer, and GalNAcβ1-4(GlcNAcα1-2Fucα1-3)GlcNAcβ1-3GalNAcβ1-4(GlcNAcα1-2Fucα1-3)GlcNAcβ1-3Manβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer. These compounds also contained a branching, non-arthro-series disaccharide with an α-GlcNAc terminus, similar to that found in a previously reported ceramide hexasaccharide (III 3 (GlcNAcα2Fucα)-At 4 Cer). The glycans within these complex GSLs are longer than reported glycans of the animal kingdom containing α-GlcNAc terminus. These complex GSLs as well as the longest GSL with ten sugar residues, ceramide decasaccharide (CDeS), contain the fucosylated LacdiNAc sequence reported to associate with parasitism/immunosuppression and the α-GlcNAc terminus reported to show a certain antibacterial effect in other reports. CDeS, the longest GSL of this species, was found in the highest amount, which indicates that CDeS may be functionally important. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-12 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9436-8 Authors Hisao Kojima, Institute of Glycoscience, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan Yukako Tohsato, Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan Kazuya Kabayama, Institute of Glycoscience, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan Saki Itonori, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Education, Shiga University, 2-5-1 Hiratsu, Otsu, Shiga 520-0862, Japan Masahiro Ito, Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080

Description:    Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA)-related lectin family, a superfamily of strictly mannose-binding specific lectins widespread among monocotyledonous plants, is well-known to possess a broad range of biological functions such as anti-tumor, anti-viral and anti-fungal activities. Herein, we mainly focused on exploring the precise molecular mechanisms by which GNA-related lectins induce cancer cell apoptotic and autophagic death targeting mitochondria-mediated ROS-p38-p53 apoptotic or autophagic pathway, Ras-Raf and PI3K-Akt anti-apoptotic or anti-autophagic pathways. In addition, we further discussed the molecular mechanisms of GNA-related lectins exerting anti-viral activities by blocking the entry of the virus into its target cells, preventing transmission of the virus as well as forcing virus to delete glycan in its envelope protein and triggering neutralizing antibody. In conclusion, these findings may provide a new perspective of GNA-related lectins as potential drugs for cancer and virus therapeutics in the future. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-11 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9440-z Authors Lei Wu, School of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610064 China Jin-ku Bao, School of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610064 China Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080

Description:    A new mannose-recognizing lectin (MOL) was purified on an asialofetuin-column from fruiting bodies of Marasmius oreades grown in Japan. The lectin (MOA) from the fruiting bodies of the same fungi is well known to be a ribosome-inactivating type lectin that recognizes blood-group B sugar. However, in our preliminary investigation, MOA was not found in Japanese fruiting bodies of M. oreades , and instead, MOL was isolated. Gel filtration showed MOL is a homodimer noncovalently associated with two subunits of 13 kDa. The N-terminal sequence of MOL was blocked. The sequence of MOL was determined by cloning from cDNA and by protein sequencing of enzyme-digested peptides. The sequence shows mannose-binding motifs of bulb-type mannose-binding lectins from plants, and similarity to the sequences. Analyses of sugar-binding specificity by hemagglutination inhibition revealed the preference of MOL toward mannose and thyroglobulin, but asialofetuin was the strongest inhibitor of glycoproteins tested. Furthermore, glycan-array analysis showed that the specificity pattern of MOL was different from those of typical mannose-specific lectins. MOL preferred complex–type N-glycans rather than high-mannose N-glycans. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-9 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9401-6 Authors Michiko Shimokawa, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065 Japan Ayako Fukudome, Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065 Japan Ryoko Yamashita, Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065 Japan Yuji Minami, Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065 Japan Fumio Yagi, Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065 Japan Hiroaki Tateno, Research Center for Medical Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central 2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Ibaraki, 305-8568 Japan Jun Hirabayashi, Research Center for Medical Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central 2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Ibaraki, 305-8568 Japan Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080

Description:    Rice ( Oryza sativa ) expresses different putative carbohydrate-binding proteins belonging to the class of lectins containing an Euonymus lectin (EUL)-related domain, one of them being OrysaEULS2. The OrysaEULS2 sequence consists of a 56 amino acid N-terminal domain followed by the EUL sequence. In this paper the original sequence of the EUL domain of OrysaEULS2 and some mutant forms have been expressed in Pichia pastoris . Subsequently, the recombinant proteins were purified and their carbohydrate binding properties determined. Analysis of the original protein on the glycan array revealed interaction with mannose containing structures and to a lesser extent with glycans containing lactosamine related structures. It was shown that mutation of tryptophan residue 134 into leucine resulted in an almost complete loss of carbohydrate binding activity of OrysaEULS2. Our results show that the EUL domain in OrysaEULS2 interacts with glycan structures, and hence can be considered as a lectin. However, the binding of the protein with the array is much weaker than that of other EUL-related lectins. Furthermore, our results indicate that gene divergence within the family of EUL-related lectins lead to changes in carbohydrate binding specificity. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-13 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9405-2 Authors Bassam Al Atalah, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium Pierre Rougé, Signaux et Messages Cellulaires chez les Végétaux, UMR CNRS-UPS 5546, Pole de Biotechnologie végétale, BP 17, 24 Chemin de Borde Rouge, Castanet-Tolosan, 31326 France David F. Smith, Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA Paul Proost, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium Yi Lasanajak, Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA Els J. M. Van Damme, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080

Description:    Playing an important role in a broad range of biological and pathological processes, sialylation has been drawing wide interest. The efficient sialoglycopeptides enrichment methods are therefore attracting considerable attention. In this paper, we first compared two conventional enrichment methods, lectin and TiO 2 , and analyzed their characteristics. Furthermore, considering the highly negatively charged nature of sialic acids, we developed a new strategy, peptide immobilized pH gradient isoelectric focusing (IPG-IEF) assisted TiO 2 chromatography (PIAT), for the highly efficient enrichment of sialoglycopeptides. In this method, peptides were first separated into 24 fractions using peptide IPG-IEF. Sialoglycopeptides were relatively concentrated in low-pH fractions of the immobilized pH strips and were captured using TiO 2 chromatography. As a result, 614 N-glycosylation sites were identified in 582 sialoglycopeptides within 322 sialoglycoproteins from rat liver using PIAT. To our knowledge, this work represents one of the most comprehensive sialoglycoproteomic analyses in general and exhibits the largest database of sialoglycoproteome in rat liver currently. So the new strategy introduced here exhibits high efficiency and universality in the sialoglycopeptide enrichment, and is a powerful tool for sialoglycoproteome exploration. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-11 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9404-3 Authors Weiqian Cao, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China Jing Cao, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China Jiangming Huang, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China Lei Zhang, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China Jun Yao, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China Haoqi Xu, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China Pengyuan Yang, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080

Description:    Cell surface glycoproteins are one of the most frequently observed phenomena correlated with malignant growth. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most malignant tumors in the world. The majority of hepatocellular carcinoma cell surface proteins are modified by glycosylation in the process of tumor invasion and metastasis. Therefore, characterization of cell surface glycoproteins can provide important information for diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer, and also represent a promising source of potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for hepatocellular carcinoma. However, cell surface glycoproteins of HCC have been seldom identified by proteomics approaches because of their hydrophobic nature, poor solubility, and low abundance. The recently developed cell surface-capturing (CSC) technique was an approach specifically targeted at membrane glycoproteins involving the affinity capture of membrane glycoproteins using glycan biotinylation labeling on intact cell surfaces. To characterize the cell surface glycoproteome and probe the mechanism of tumor invasion and metastasis of HCC, we have modified and evaluated the cell surface-capturing strategy, and applied it for surface glycoproteomic analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. In total, 119 glycosylation sites on 116 unique glycopeptides were identified, corresponding to 79 different protein species. Of these, 65 (54.6 %) new predicted glycosylation sites were identified that had not previously been determined experimentally. Among the identified glycoproteins, 82 % were classified as membrane proteins by a database search, 68 % had transmembrane domains (TMDs), and 24 % were predicted to contain 2–13 TMDs. Moreover, a total of 26 CD antigens with 50 glycopeptides were detected in the membrane glycoproteins of hepatocellular carcinoma cells, comprising 43 % of the total glycopeptides identified. Many of these identified glycoproteins are associated with cancer such as CD44, CD147 and EGFR. This is a systematic characterization of cell surface glycoproteins of HCC. The membrane glycoproteins identified in this study provide very useful information for probing the mechanism of liver cancer invasion and metastasis. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-14 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9420-3 Authors Wei Mi, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 33 Life Park Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China Wei Jia, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 33 Life Park Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China Zhaobin Zheng, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 33 Life Park Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China Jinglan Wang, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 33 Life Park Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China Yun Cai, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 33 Life Park Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China Wantao Ying, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 33 Life Park Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China Xiaohong Qian, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 33 Life Park Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080

Description:    Sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids, gangliosides are highly expressed in human cancer cells and regulate cell signals transduced via membrane microdomains. Generally, disialyl gangliosides enhance tumor phenotypes, while monosialyl gangliosides suppress them. In particular, gangliosides GD3 and GD2 are highly expressed in melanomas and small cell lung cancer cells, and their expression cause increased cell growth and invasion. In osteosarcomas, expression of GD3 and GD2 also enhanced cell invasion and motility, and caused increased phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and paxillin. In addition to focal adhesion kinase, Lyn kinase was also activated by GD3/GD2 expression, leading to the phosphorylation of paxillin. In contrast with melanoma cells, osteosarcomas showed reduced cell adhesion with increased phosphorylation of paxillin. Thus, increased expression of GD3/GD2 caused enhanced activation of signaling molecules, leading to distinct phenotypes between melanomas and osteosarcomas, i.e. increased and decreased adhesion activity. Thus, whole features of glycolipid-enriched microdomain/rafts formed in the individual cancer types seem to determine the main signaling pathway and biological outcome. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-6 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9423-0 Authors Koichi Furukawa, Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-0065 Japan Kazunori Hamamura, Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-0065 Japan Yuki Ohkawa, Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-0065 Japan Yuhsuke Ohmi, Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-0065 Japan Keiko Furukawa, Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-0065 Japan Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080

Description:    A water-soluble polysaccharide CSPS-2B-2 with a molecular mass of 8.8 kDa, was obtained from the fruits of Capparis spinosa L. Chemical and NMR spectral analysis verified CSPS-2B-2 was a linear poly-(1-4)-α-D-galactopyranosyluronic acid in which 12.9 ± 0.4 % of carboxyl groups existed as methyl ester and 2.6 ± 0.1 % of D-Gal p A residues were acetylated. A sulfated derivative Sul-2B-2 with a sulfation degree of 0.88 ± 0.02 was prepared via the substitution of C-2 and/or C-3 of Gal p A residues in CSPS-2B-2. Bioassay on the complement and coagulation system demonstrated that Sul-2B-2 (CH 50 : 3.5 ± 0.2 μg/mL) had a stronger inhibitory effect on the activation of complement system through the classic pathway than that of heparin (CH 50 : 8.9 ± 0.3 μg/mL). Interestingly, Sul-2B-2 at low dose even middle dose (for example 52 μg/mL) had no effect on coagulation system, which was totally different from heparin. Thus, our observation indicated that Sul-2B-2 was more efficient than heparin in inhibiting the activation of the complement system through classical pathway and exhibiting a relatively less anti-coagulant activity. These results suggested that the sulfated derivative Sul-2B-2 prepared from the homogalacturonan in the fruits of Capparis spinosa L , might be a promising drug candidate in case of necessary therapeutic complement inhibition. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-9 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9418-x Authors Huijun Wang, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China Hongwei Wang, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China Songshan Shi, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China Jinyou Duan, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China Shunchun Wang, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080

Description:    Glycosylation is an important method for the structural modification of various flavonols, resulting in the glycosides with increased solubility, stability and bioavailability compared with the corresponding aglycone. From the physiological point of view, glycosylation of plant flavonoids is of importance and interest. However, it is notoriously complicated that flavonols such as quercetin, kaempferol and myricetin, are glucosylated regioselectively at the specific position by chemical method. Compared to the chemical method, enzymatic synthesis present several advantages, such as mild reaction condition, high stereo or region selectivity, no protection/deprotection and high yield. UGT78D1 is a flavonol-specific glycosyltransferase, responsible for transferring rhamnose or glucose to the 3-OH position in vitro . In this study, the activity of UGT78D1 was tested against 28 flavonoids acceptors using UDP-glucose as donor nucleoside in vitro , and 5 acceptors, quercetin, myricetin, kaempferol, fisetin and isorhamnetin, were discovered to be glucosylated at 3-OH position. Herein, the small-scale 3-O-glucosylated quercetin, kaempferol and myricetin were synthesized by UGT78D1 and their chemical structures were confirmed by 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-8 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9410-5 Authors Guangxiang Ren, College of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 People’s Republic of China Jingli Hou, College of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 People’s Republic of China Qinghong Fang, College of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 People’s Republic of China Hong Sun, College of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 People’s Republic of China Xiaoyan Liu, College of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 People’s Republic of China Lianwen Zhang, College of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 People’s Republic of China Peng George Wang, College of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 People’s Republic of China Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080

Description:    In the majority of congenital disorders of glycosylation, the assembly of the glycan precursor GlcNAc 2 Man 9 Glc 3 on the polyprenol carrier dolichyl-pyrophosphate is compromised. Because N-linked glycosylation is essential to life, most types of congenital disorders of glycosylation represent partial losses of enzymatic activity. Consequently, increased availability of substrates along the glycosylation pathway can be beneficial to increase product formation by the compromised enzymes. Recently, we showed that increased dolichol availability and improved N-linked glycosylation can be achieved by inhibition of squalene biosynthesis. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the biosynthesis of dolichol-linked glycans with respect to deficiencies in N-linked glycosylation. Additionally, perspectives on therapeutic treatments targeting dolichol and dolichol-linked glycan biosynthesis are examined. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-6 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9417-y Authors Michael Welti, Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080

Description:    Protein glycosylation is acknowledged as one of the major posttranslational modifications that elicit significant effects on protein folding, conformation, distribution, stability, and activity. The changes in glycoprotein abundance, glycosylation degree, and glycan structure are associated with a variety of diseases. Therefore, the quantitative study of glycoproteomics has become a new and popular research topic, and is quickly emerging as an important technique for biomarker discovery. Mass spectrometry-based protein quantification technologies provide a powerful tool for the systematic and quantitative assessment of the quantitative differences in the protein profiles of different samples. Combined with various glycoprotein/glycopeptide enrichment strategies and other glycoprotein analysis methods, these techniques have been further developed for application in quantitative glycoproteomics. A comprehensive quantitative analysis of the glycoproteome in a complex biological sample remains challenging because of the enormous complexity of biological samples, intrinsic characteristics of glycoproteins, and lack of universal quantitative technology. In this review, recently developed technologies in quantitative glycoproteome, especially those focused on two of the most common types of glycosylation (N-linked and O-linked glycoproteome), were summarized. The strengths and weaknesses of the various approaches were also discussed. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-10 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9398-x Authors Ying Zhang, Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China Hongrui Yin, Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China Haojie Lu, Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080

Description:    The α-1,3-glucosyltransferase WaaG is involved in the synthesis of the core region of lipopolysaccharides in E. coli . A fragment-based screening for inhibitors of the WaaG glycosyltrasferase donor site has been performed using NMR spectroscopy. Docking simulations were performed for three of the compounds of the fragment library that had shown binding activity towards WaaG and yielded 3D models for the respective complexes. The three ligands share a hetero-bicyclic ring system as a common structural motif and they compete with UDP-Glc for binding. Interestingly, one of the compounds promoted binding of uridine to WaaG, as seen from STD NMR titrations, suggesting a different binding mode for this ligand. We propose these compounds as scaffolds for the design of selective high-affinity inhibitors of WaaG. Binding of natural substrates, enzymatic activity and donor substrate selectivity were also investigated by NMR spectroscopy. Molecular dynamics simulations of WaaG were carried out with and without bound UDP and revealed structural changes compared to the crystal structure and also variations in flexibility for some amino acid residues between the two WaaG systems studied. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-12 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9411-4 Authors Jens Landström, Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden Karina Persson, Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden Christoph Rademacher, Institute of Chemistry, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Luebeck, Germany Magnus Lundborg, Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden Warren Wakarchuk, National Research Council of Canada, Institute for Biological Sciences, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada Thomas Peters, Institute of Chemistry, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Luebeck, Germany Göran Widmalm, Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080

Description:    C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) is a newly identified type II transmembrane protein belonging to the C-type lectin family molecules, which acts as a cell-surface receptor for snake venom toxin rhodocytin and tumor antigen podoplanin. We previously demonstrated that the full-length mouse CLEC-2 (mCLEC-2) can be cleaved into soluble form. Elevated levels of soluble forms of membrane proteins in circulating blood may reflect increased expression of membrane proteins and disease activities. In the present study, we clarified the domain and sites contributing to the production of soluble mCLEC-2. The shedding process can be positively regulated by protein kinase C (PKC). Moreover, we explored the possibility that human CLEC-2 (hCLEC-2) may also be proteolyticly cleaved and released as a soluble form. We have observed that the production of soluble hCLEC-2 could be induced by phorbol ester (PMA) in cells stably transfected with hCLEC-2 cDNA. Further studies may explore therapeutic and diagnostic applications of soluble hCLEC-2 in platelet-related diseases. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-7 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9413-2 Authors Min Fei, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China Lei Zhou, Department of Biochemistry, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China Jianhui Xie, Department of Biochemistry, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China Yuanyuan Ruan, Department of Biochemistry, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China Jiejie Xu, Department of Biochemistry, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China Songbin He, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China Hongjie Shen, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China Yumin Hu, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China Shifang Ren, Department of Biochemistry, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China Changgeng Ruan, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080

Description:    N -acetylglucosaminyltransferase (GnT)-IV a is a key enzyme that catalyzes the formation of the GlcNAC β1-4 branch on the core structure of complex N-Glycans, which is the common substrate for other N -acetylglucosaminyltransferases, such as GnT-III and GnT-V. Our recent study indicates that the expression of GnT-IVa in Hca-F cells was much higher than that in Hepa1-6 cells, these two mouse hepatocarcinoma cell lines have high and no metastatic potential in lymph nodes respectively. To investigate the effects of GnT-IVa on the metastasis of hepatocarcinoma, exogenous GnT-IVa was introduced into Hepa1-6 cells, and on the other hand, the expression of GnT-IVa was down-regulated in Hca-F cells. The engineered overexpression of GnT-IVa in Hepa1-6 cells increased the antennary branches of complex N-glycans and reduced bisecting branches in vitro and in vivo , which leads to the increase in migration and metastatic capability of hepatocarcinoma cells. Conversely, down-regulated expression of GnT-IVa in Hca-F cells showed reduced tetra-antennary branches of N-Glycans, and significantly decreased the migration and metastatic capability. Furthermore, we found that the regulated GnT-IVa converts the heterogeneous N-glycosylated forms of CD147 in Hepa1-6 and Hca-F cells, and significantly changed the antennary oligosaccharide structures on CD147. These results suggest that GnT-IVa could be acting as a key role in migration and metastasis of mouse hepatocarcinoma cells through altering the glycosylation of CD147. These findings should be valuable in delineating the important function of GnT-IVa during the process of hepatocarcinoma growth and metastasis. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-12 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9414-1 Authors Jianhui Fan, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044 China Shujing Wang, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044 China Shengjin Yu, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044 China Jingna He, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044 China Weilong Zheng, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044 China Jianing Zhang, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044 China Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080

Description:    We evaluated the carbohydrate preferences of the C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) SIGNR1, SIGNR3, and Langerin as pathogen-uptake receptors based on uptake of liposomes consisting of cholesterol, DPPC, and various neoglycolipids at molar ratios of 10:10:1 and 10:7:4, respectively, using non-phagocytic CHO cells that express these receptors transiently. SIGNR1-expressing cells ingested liposomes coated with neoglycolipids with terminal mannose residues, such as Man2-, Man3-, and Man5-DPPE, and with a terminal N -acetylglucosamine. SIGNR1 mediated uptake of Man3-DPPE-coated liposomes most efficiently. Uptake of liposomes with lower neoglycolipid content by SIGNR3- or Langerin-expressing cells was slight or negligible, but uptake into these cells was detected for liposomes with higher neoglycolipid content. SIGNR1-expressing cells clearly ingested liposomes coated with Lewis X antigen, whereas SIGNR3- or Langerin-expressing cells barely ingested these liposomes, even at the higher neoglycolipid content. In contrast, SIGNR3 or Langerin, but not SIGNR1, mediated uptake of liposomes coated with blood group H antigen. These results indicate that CLRs with similar carbohydrate-recognition characteristics have distinct properties as pathogen-uptake receptors for carbohydrate-decorated particles. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-10 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9406-1 Authors Yoko Kawauchi, Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kita-kaname, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan Yasuhiro Kuroda, Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kita-kaname, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan Naoya Kojima, Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kita-kaname, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080

Description:    Kashin-Beck Disease (KBD) is an endemic, chronic and degenerative osteoarthropathy principally occurring in children. The characteristic pathological change of KBD is chondrocyte necrosis in hyaline articular cartilage. Proteoglycans are one of the major components in the extracellular matrix of articular cartilage, and disrupted proteoglycan metabolism and loss of proteoglycans in articular cartilage from KBD patients has been observed. In this mini-review, we discuss the close relationship between chondrocyte death including necrosis and loss of proteoglycan, and its potential mechanism during KBD onset and development, which may provide new clues for KBD research. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-8 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9421-2 Authors Siyuan Li, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, China 710061 Junling Cao, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi’an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, China 710061 Bruce Caterson, Connective Tissue Biology Laboratories, Division of Pathophysiology and Repair, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK CF10 3AX Clare E. Hughes, Connective Tissue Biology Laboratories, Division of Pathophysiology and Repair, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK CF10 3AX Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080

Description: Erratum to: Carbohydrate to carbohydrate interaction in development process and cancer progression Content Type Journal Article Category Erratum Pages 1-1 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9422-1 Authors Kazuko Handa, Pacific Northwest Research Institute, 720 Broadway, Seattle, WA 98122, USA Sen-itiroh Hakomori, Pacific Northwest Research Institute, 720 Broadway, Seattle, WA 98122, USA Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080

Description:    The first step in the process of infections by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is attachment to the host cell, which is assumed to be mediated by interaction of the envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2 with cell surface glycosaminoglycans. In this study, a variety of glycosaminoglycans, heparan sulfate (HS) from various bovine tissues as well as chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate from bovine liver, were used to examine the direct interaction with recombinant E1 and E2 proteins. Intriguingly, among HS preparations from various bovine tissues, only liver HS strongly bound to both E1 and E2. Since HS from liver, which is the target tissue of HCV, contains highly sulfated structures compared to HS from other tissues, the present results suggest that HS-proteoglycan on the liver cell surface appears to be one of the molecules that define the liver-specific tissue tropism of HCV infection. The interaction assay with chemically modified heparin derivatives provided evidence that the binding of the viral proteins to heparin/HS is not only mediated by simple ionic interactions, but that the 6- O -sulfation and N -sulfation are important. Heparin oligosaccharides equal to or larger than 10-mer were required to inhibit the binding. Notably, a highly sulfated CS-E preparation from squid cartilage also strongly interacted with both viral proteins and inhibited the entry of pseudotype HCV into the target cells, suggesting that the highly sulfated CS-E might be useful as an anti-HCV drug. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-10 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9388-z Authors Fumi Kobayashi, Laboratory of Proteoglycan Signaling and Therapeutics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Life Science, West-11, North-21, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0021 Japan Shuhei Yamada, Laboratory of Proteoglycan Signaling and Therapeutics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Life Science, West-11, North-21, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0021 Japan Shuhei Taguwa, Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 3-1, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan Chikako Kataoka, Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 3-1, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan Satomi Naito, Department of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan Yoshiki Hama, Laboratory of Proteoglycan Signaling and Therapeutics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Life Science, West-11, North-21, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0021 Japan Hideki Tani, Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 3-1, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan Yoshiharu Matsuura, Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 3-1, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan Kazuyuki Sugahara, Laboratory of Proteoglycan Signaling and Therapeutics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Life Science, West-11, North-21, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0021 Japan Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080

Description:    In an effort to prime our mass spectrometry (MS)-based sulfoglycomic mapping platform technology for facile identification of sulfated lacdiNAc (GalNAcβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-), we have re-examined the N-glycans of bovine thyroid stimulating hormone. We showed that MALDI-MS mapping of permethylated glycans in negative ion mode can give an accurate representation of the sulfated glycans and, through MS/MS, diagnostic ions can be derived that we can collectively define the presence of a terminal sulfated lacdiNAc moiety at high sensitivity. Based on these ions, which can also be produced by nanoESI-MS n , we demonstrated that the glycome of an ovarian carcinoma cell line, RMG-1, comprises a high abundance of sulfated lacdiNAc epitopes carried on multiantennary complex type N-glycans alongside fucosylated, sialylated and/or sulfated lacNAc antennae. This represents the first report of a natural glycomic occurrence of sulfated lacdiNAc on a cell line, as opposed to other better-characterized presence on secreted glycoproteins from a handful of sources. It is anticipated that with improved methods of detection such as that developed in this work, we are likely to identify a wider occurrence of sulfated lacdiNAc and be able to more accurately delineate the regulatory mechanism dictating the choice of a cell type in synthesizing sulfated, sialylated, fucosylated and/or non-substituted lacdiNAc. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-12 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9396-z Authors Shin-Yi Yu, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road Sec 2, Nankang, Taipei, 115 Taiwan Lan-Yi Chang, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road Sec 2, Nankang, Taipei, 115 Taiwan Chu-Wen Cheng, Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106 Taiwan Chi-Chi Chou, Core Facilities for Protein Structural Analysis, NCFPB, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115 Taiwan Michiko N. Fukuda, Tumor Microenvironmental Program, Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 920137, USA Kay-Hooi Khoo, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road Sec 2, Nankang, Taipei, 115 Taiwan Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080

Description:    Heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG), such as glypican, plays a role as a co-receptor for growth factor to influence cells proliferation. However the mechanism is still vague. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) regulate cell proliferation. Their capacity to direct the translation and stability of targeted transcripts can dramatically influence cellular physiological function. To explore how the function of glypican is regulated involved in cell proliferation, glypican-4 was chosen with a bioinformatics search identifying targeting seed sequences for miR-125a within the 3′-untranslated regions (3′UTR). Indeed, luciferase constructs containing the 3′UTR of glypican-4 demonstrated around 54 % less activity in miR-125a ex pressing cells relative to the controls. The expression of glypican-4 at both the transcript and protein level was down-regulated by transition trasfection of miR-125a in the human embryonic kidney cell line 293T (HEK293T). Although cell proliferation of HEK293T was not influenced by the silence of glypican-4, DNA synthesis in response to FGF2 in the cells was attenuated by knockdown of glypican-4 using siRNA technique. Further study showed that phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 and AKT was suppressed by overexpressing miR-125a , whereas the suppressed MAPK and AKT signaling could be recovered by anti- miR-125a treatment. Both DNA synthesis and cell proliferation were impaired by the inhibitor of ERK 1/2 signaling. MTT assay demonstrated that the cell proliferation was impaired by miR-125a overexpression, however, rescued by anti -miR-125a in HEK293T cells. These results disclosed new function of miR-125a by targeting gene glypican-4 in cell growth process and illustrated the feasibility of using miRNAs as a therapeutic strategy to suppress cells proliferation. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-9 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9387-0 Authors Chao Feng, Glycochemistry & Glycobiology Lab, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China Jie Li, Glycochemistry & Glycobiology Lab, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China Jinlan Ruan, Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical Center of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China Kan Ding, Glycochemistry & Glycobiology Lab, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 China Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080

Description:    Aberrant glycosylation is a characteristic feature of cancer cells. In particular, altered sialylation is closely associated with malignant properties, including invasiveness and metastatic potential. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the aberrancy, our studies have focused on mammalian sialidase, which catalyzes the removal of sialic acid residues from glycoproteins and glycolipids. The four types of mammalian sialidase identified to date show altered expression and behave in different manners during carcinogenesis. The present review briefly summarizes results on altered expression of sialidases and their possible roles in cancer progression. These enzymes are indeed factors defining cancer malignancy and thus potential targets for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-11 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9394-1 Authors Taeko Miyagi, Division of Cancer Glycosylation Research, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 981-8558 Sendai, Japan Kohta Takahashi, Division of Cancer Glycosylation Research, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 981-8558 Sendai, Japan Keiko Hata, Division of Cancer Glycosylation Research, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 981-8558 Sendai, Japan Kazuhiro Shiozaki, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-0056 Japan Kazunori Yamaguchi, Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, 981-1293 Japan Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080

Description:    The majority of all proteins are glycosylated and glycans have numerous important structural, functional and regulatory roles in various physiological processes. While structure of the polypeptide part of a glycoprotein is defined by the sequence of nucleotides in the corresponding gene, structure of a glycan part results from dynamic interactions between hundreds of genes, their protein products and environmental factors. The composition of the glycome attached to an individual protein, or to a complex mixture of proteins, like human plasma, is stable within an individual, but very variable between individuals. This variability stems from numerous common genetic polymorphisms reflecting in changes in the complex biosynthetic pathway of glycans, but also from the interaction with the environment. Environment can affect glycan biosynthesis at the level of substrate availability, regulation of enzyme activity and/or hormonal signals, but also through gene-environment interactions. Epigenetics provides a molecular basis how the environment can modify phenotype of an individual. The epigenetic information (DNA methylation pattern and histone code) is especially vulnerable to environmental effects in the early intrauterine and neo-natal development and many common late-onset diseases take root already at that time. The evidences showing the link between epigenetics and glycosylation are accumulating. Recent progress in high-throughput glycomics, genomics and epigenomics enabled first epidemiological and genome-wide association studies of the glycome, which are presented in this mini-review. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-10 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9397-y Authors Vlatka Zoldoš, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Horvatovac 102a, Zagreb, Croatia Mislav Novokmet, Genos Ltd, Glycobiology Laboratory, Planinska 1, Zagreb, Croatia Ivona Bečeheli, Genos Ltd, Glycobiology Laboratory, Planinska 1, Zagreb, Croatia Gordan Lauc, Genos Ltd, Glycobiology Laboratory, Planinska 1, Zagreb, Croatia Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080

Description:    M. tuberculosis GlmU is a bifunctional enzyme with acetyltransferase activity in C-terminus and uridyltransferase activity in N-terminus, and it is involved in the biosynthesis of glycosyl donor UDP- N -acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc). The crystal structure of M. tuberculosis GlmU clearly determines the active site and catalytic mechanism of GlmU uridyltransferase domain but not succeed in GlmU acetyltransferase domain. Sequence comparison analysis revealed highly conserved amino acid residues in the C-terminus between M. tuberculosis GlmU and GlmU enzymes from other bacteria. To find the essential amino acids related to M. tuberculosis GlmU acetyltransferase activity, we substituted 10 conserved amino acids in the acetyltransferase domain of M. tuberculosis GlmU by site-directed mutagenesis. All the mutant GlmU proteins were largely expressed in soluble and purified by affinity chromatography. Enzyme assays showed that K362A, H374A, Y398A and W460A mutants abolished more than 90 % activity of M. tuberculosis GlmU acetyltransferase and totally lost the affinity with two substrates, suggesting the potential substrate-binding functions. However, K403A, S416A, N456A and E458A mutants exhibited decreased GlmU acetyltransferase activity and lower kinetic parameters, probably responsible for substrate releasing by conformation shifting. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-7 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9402-5 Authors Yan Zhou, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical Universtiy, Dalian, 116044 China Wendan Yu, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical Universtiy, Dalian, 116044 China Qi Zheng, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical Universtiy, Dalian, 116044 China Yi Xin, Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044 China Yufang Ma, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical Universtiy, Dalian, 116044 China Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080

Description:    Tetrasaccharide cap present in lipophosphoglycan of the Leishmania donovani responsible for visceral Leishmaniaisis is synthesized as a fully protected propargyl glycoside. AuBr 3 mediated selective glycosylation of propargyl 1,2-orthoester in the presence of propargyl glycoside is employed as a key step to obtain propargyl containing oligomers. Further, propargyl tetrasaccharide is connected with a long chain hydrocarbon containing azidothiol functionality situated at two terminal ends via ‘click’ reaction. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-10 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9400-7 Authors Gopalsamy Sureshkumar, Department of Chemistry, Indian Insititute of Science Education & Research, Pune, 411 008 India Srinivas Hotha, Department of Chemistry, Indian Insititute of Science Education & Research, Pune, 411 008 India Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080

Description:    With the booming development of glycobiology and glycochemistry, more and more structures of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) are identified. Their broad expression and high specificity in cancer make them important targets to develop cancer vaccines or immunotherapies. However, most of the TACAs are T cell-independent antigens, they cannot elicit a powerful enough immune response to prevent or treat cancer. Immunotolerance and immunosuppression are more easily induced due to their endogenous properties and the declining immunity of the patients. This review summarizes the recent efforts to overcome these obstacles: coupling the carbohydrate antigens to proper carriers such as proteins or some small molecule carriers, and chemically modifying the structures of the TACAs to enhance the immunogenicity of TACAs and break the immunotolerance. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-13 DOI 10.1007/s10719-012-9399-9 Authors Chang-Cheng Liu, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191 China Xin-Shan Ye, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191 China Journal Glycoconjugate Journal Online ISSN 1573-4986 Print ISSN 0282-0080