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  • Articles  (10,610)
  • Organic Chemistry  (4,530)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (3,182)
  • Animals  (2,269)
  • Molecular Sequence Data  (1,179)
  • Transfection
  • 1990-1994  (10,610)
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  • Articles  (10,610)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of a temperate actinophage, MPphiWR-1, capable of infectingMicromonospora purpurea ATCC 15835 (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 5 (1990), S. 167-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Bacteriophage ; Integration ; Deletions ; Cohesive ends ; Gentamicin ; Transfection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary A temperate actinophage was isolated from soil using the gentamicin-producing microorganism,Micromonospora purpurea ATCC 15835 as host. The characterization of the phage represents the initial step in its development as a cloning vector. The phage isolated, MPphiWR-1, formed red- to purple-pigmented turbid plaques. Cells isolated from these plaques were resistant to superinfection with lytic mutants of MPphiWR-1. Southern blots of genomic DNA from a resistant culture showed that MPphiWR-1 integrated into the host genome. The phage was UV- or Mitomycin C-inducible. The integration, resistance to superinfection and inducibility indicated a lysogenic relationship with the host. Using MPphiE-RCPM, a lytic derivative, the phage host range was demonstrated to include members of three genera: one species each ofAmpullariella andCatellatospora, and 12 species ofMicromonospora. The phage belonged to Ackerman's B1 morphotype having an isometric head and a flexible noncontractile tail. The density of the phage was 1.525 g/cc. Restriction site mapping demonstrated that the phage DNA was 57.9 kb long and had cohesive ends. Using EDTA enrichment, viable mutants with deletions of at least 3.5 kb were isolated and mapped. Phage adsorption, sensitivities and plating efficiency were investigated. Non-liposome PEG-mediated transfection was demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01573867
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and characterization of aleurone protoplasts from a malting variety of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (1994)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 177 (1994), S. 132-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: α-Amylase ; (1-3, l-4)-β-Glucanase ; Hormones ; Monensin ; Transfection ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A procedure has been developed to isolate protoplasts from mature aleurone layers of the malting variety Alexis and four other barley genotypes. It combines induction of endogenous cell wall degrading enzymes together with use of Onuzuka cellulase R 10 and driselase and results in better yields for two varieties than can be obtained with the huskless variety Himalaya. The viability of the freshly isolated protoplasts is greater than 90% and in spite of the presence of gibberellic acid during isolation procedures, most of the protoplasts are at an early developmental stage, as judged by ultrastructure. Gibberellic acid-induced changes in protoplast structure resemble those reported for Himalaya protoplasts. The protoplasts secrete both α-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) and (1-3, 1-4)-β-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.73) into the surrounding medium. Transfection studies using a low pI α-amylase promoter to direct chloramphenicol acetyltransferase expression in aleurone protoplasts from Alexis and Himalaya revealed significant differences in their hormone responsiveness. In the absence of hormones, low levels of expression of the reporter enzyme were obtained in Alexis protoplasts, while high levels were characteristic for Himalaya protoplasts. An 8-fold increase in the expression of the reporter gene was induced by supplying the transfected Alexis protoplasts with gibberellin A3, whereas expression in Himalaya protoplasts remained unchanged. When Himalaya protoplasts were isolated from aleurone layers that had not been incubated with GA3 during the initial stages of protoplasting (the classical procedure), the hormone response of the promoter was 2.5-fold. It is thus possible to optimize the aleurone protoplast isolation procedure for different barley genotypes and mutants of interest in studies of transgenic gene expression and hormone induced secretion of proteins from this unique secretory plant tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01378987
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunity and resistance to the KP6 toxin of Ustilago maydis (1992)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 233 (1992), S. 395-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Ustilago maydis killer toxin ; Double-stranded RNA virus ; Immunity ; Transfection ; Expression vector
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The KP6 toxin of Ustilago maydis, encoded by segmented double-stranded (ds) RNA viruses, is lethal to sensitive strains of the same species and related species. The toxin consists of two polypeptides, α and β, synthesized as a single preprotoxin, which are not covalently linked. Neither polypeptide alone is toxic, but killer activity can be restored by in vitro and in vivo complementation. Killer-secreting strains are resistant to the toxin they produce. Resistance is conferred by a single recessive nuclear gene. This study describes a search for cytoplasmic factors that may confer resistance, also referred to as immunity. The approaches used to detect cytoplasmic immunity included transmission of dsRNA and transmission of virus particles to sensitive cells by cytoduction, cytoplasmic mixing in diploids and infection with viruses. An alternative approach was also used to express cloned cDNAs of the KP6 toxin-encoding dsRNA and of the α and β polypeptides. The results indicated that no immunity to KP6 can be detected. While KP6, α and β polypeptides were expressed by resistant cells, neither KP6 nor β were expressed in sensitive strains. The α polypeptide was expressed in sensitive cells, but it did not confer immunity. These results suggest that neither the preprotoxin nor the α or β polypeptides confer immunity and thus β may be the toxic component of the binary toxin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265436
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-frequency transfer of linear DNA containing 5′-covalently linked terminal proteins: electroporation of bacteriophage PRD1 genome into Escherichia coli (1991)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 228 (1991), S. 65-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Linear DNA ; Electroporation ; Transfection ; DNA terminal protein ; Bacteriophage PRD1
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Using electroporation with the phage PRD1 genome, we set up a high-frequency DNA transfer system for a linear dsDNA molecule with 5′-covalently linked terminal proteins. The transfer was saturated when more than 100 ng of PRD1 genome was used. Electroporation efficiency was about four orders of magnitude higher than that obtained with transfection. Removal of the terminal protein abolished plaque formation, which could not be rescued by supplying the terminal protein or phage DNA polymerase or both in trans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00282449
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A method for transforming human liver epithelial cells by transfection using a plasmid containing SV40 early region gene (1994)
    Springer
    Methods in cell science 16 (1994), S. 57-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0603
    Keywords: Human hepatocytes ; SV40 T antigen gene ; Transfection ; Transformed epithelial cell line
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A method is described for establishing continuous cell lines of liver epithelial cells by transformation of cultured hepatocytes isolated by collagenase/dispase of adult human liver tissue. Between 2 to 5×105 hepatocytes are inoculated into a 60 mm culture dish. The cells are incubated in a serum-free medium. Once the cells begin to divide, they are transformed by transfection with a plasmid containing SV40 early region genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01404836
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regiochemical Trends in Intramolecular [2 + 2] Photocycloadditions of 6-(prop-2-enyl)cyclohex-2-enones and 5-(prop-2-enyl)cyclopent-2-enonesDedicated to Prof. H. F. Mark, Brooklyn, in admiration and reverence on the occasion of his 95th birthday (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 73 (1990), S. 288-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of substituents (X = H, Me, or F at C(6), R = H or Me at C(2′) of the allyl side chain) on the photoisomerization (λ = 350 nm) of 6-allylcyclohex-2-enones 1 in MeCN is studied. Substituents X control the overall efficiency of intramolecular [2 + 2] photocycloadduct formation (Φ: Me 〉 F 〉 H) but do not exercise an influence on the orientation of addition of the exocyclic double bond to the enone C=C bond. In contrast, replacement of the prop-2-enyl (R = H) by a 2-methylprop-2-enyl (R = Me) side chain causes a change in the tricyclo[3.3.1.02,7]nonan-6-one 4 vs. tricyclo[4.2,1.03,8]nonan-7-one (5) product ratio from 100:0 (R = H) to roughly 2:1 (R = Me) but has almost no bearing on the relative rates of conversion of 1 to products. For C(6)-unsubstituted enones 1aa and 1ba (X = H), the efficiency of cyclization becomes low enough so that lumiketone rearrangement to bicyclohexanones 6 and 3-isopropylcyclopent-2-enones 9 becomes competitive. Enones 9 undergo consecutive intramolecular [2 + 2] photocycloaddition to tricyclo[3.2.1.03,6]octan-2-ones 7 and to tricyclo[3.2.1.03,6]octan-7-ones 8, compounds 8 only being formed when R = Me.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19900730208
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effets de substituant, d'hétéroatome et de solvant sur les cinétiques de décoloration thermique et les spectres d'absorption de photomérocyanines en série spiro[indoline-oxazine] (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 73 (1990), S. 303-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Substituent, Heteroatom, and Solvent Effects on the Thermal-Bleaching Kinetics and Absorption Spectra of Photomerocyanines Issued from Spiro[indoline-oxazines]Quantitative information useful for the development of new photochromic systems is obtained from the study of heteroatom and substituent effects on the thermal-bleaching kinetics and the absorption spectra of the photomerocyanines issued from spiro[indoline-oxazines]. The effect on photochromic properties of the presence of N-atoms either in the dimethine bridge or in the aromatic rings has been investigated through the comparison of spiro[indoline-naphthopyrans] C with spiro[indoline-naphthoxazines] A and with spiro[indoline-quinolinoxazines] B. Besides the occurrence of biexponential thermal-bleaching kinetics in non-polar solvents is observed: a tentative explanation for this observation is given which involves the formation, in either sequential or parallel steps, of energetically distinct stereoisomers of the opened form.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19900730210
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereoselectivity and Chiral Recognition in the Electron-Transfer Reaction between Spinach Ferredoxin and Optically Active Cobalt(III) ComplexesPart XIII of the series ‘Stereoselectivity in Reactions of Metal Complexes’. For Part XII, see [1]. (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 73 (1990), S. 346-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics of the electron transfer between reduced spinach [2Fe-2S]-ferredoxin and the optically active complexes [Co((R,R)- or (S,S)-alamp)py]+ (I), [Co((R,R)- or (S,S)-promp)H2O]+ (IIa), and [Co((R,R)- or (S,S)-promp)py]+ (IIb) have been investigated. The reactions are stereoselective, and for I and IIa, the Stereoselectivity strongly depends on temperature due to large differences in the activation enthalpy between enantiomeric reagents. Isokinetic behaviour is observed between enantiomers, the ΔΔHΔ-Λ# values being largely compensated by the ΔΔSΔ-Λ# values. The compensation behaviour is explained by the combination of stereochemical interactions and desolvation processes on formation of the precursor complex or the transition state.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19900730214
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Facile Synthesis of Optically Pure (-)-(S)-Ipsenol Using a Chiral Titanium ComplexPart 6 of ‘Enantioselective Syntheses with Titanium-Carbohydrate Complexes’; part 5, see [1]. (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 73 (1990), S. 353-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A stereocontrolled synthetic route to optically pure (-)-(S)-ipsenol (1), the pheromone of Pityokteines curvidens and various other bark-beetle species is described. Key step of the synthesis is an enantioselective aldol reaction using a chiral titanium-carbohydrate complex (Scheme 1). The carboxylate function of the optically pure β-hydroxy acid 5 thus obtained in mol quantities is then elaborated to the diene moiety by standard methodology (Scheme 2).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19900730215
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthese von 2-Oxo-2H-pyran-5-Carboxylat-Derivaten (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 73 (1990), S. 411-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis of 2-Oxo-2H-pyran-5-carboxylate Derivatives3-Substituted diethyl pent-2-enedioates are easily formylated by means of ethyl formate/TiCl4/4-methylmorpholine to produce the ethoxymethylene derivatives, which are smoothly cyclized either with HCOOH or PPA to corresponding 2-oxo-2H-pyran-5-carboxylate derivatives.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19900730220
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