ALBERT

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 183〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): M. Kandidayeni, A. Macias, A. Khalatbarisoltani, L. Boulon, S. Kelouwani〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) models are multivariate with different nonlinear elements which should be identified accurately to assure dependable modeling. Metaheuristic algorithms are perfect candidates for this purpose since they do an informed search for finding the parameters. This paper utilizes three algorithms, namely shuffled frog-leaping algorithm (SFLA), firefly optimization algorithm (FOA), and imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) for the PEMFC model calibration. In this regard, firstly, the algorithms are employed to find the parameters of a benchmark PEMFC model by minimizing the sum of squared errors (SSE) between the measured and estimated voltage for two available case studies in the literature. After conducting 100 independent runs, the algorithms are compared in terms of the best and the worst SSEs, the variance, and standard deviation. This comparison indicates that SFLA marginally outperforms ICA and FOA regarding the best SSE in both cases while it performs 20% and twofold better than other algorithms concerning the worst SSE. Furthermore, the obtained variance and standard deviation by SFLA are much less than the other algorithms showing the precision and repeatability of this method. Finally, SFLA is used to calibrate the model for a new case study (Horizon 500-W PEMFC) with variable temperature.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0360544219312848-egi10RTCKX882H.jpg" width="500" alt="Image 10882" title="Image 10882"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 183〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Lifu Li, Zhongbo Zhang〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In order to improve the natural gas engine (NGE) fuel economy, a steam direct injection method has been presented in the present study. In this method, exhaust was employed to heat water to produce superheated steam firstly. After that, at the power stroke, steam was injected into the cylinder directly. The potentials for fuel savings by this method are evaluated. First, ideal thermodynamic cycle of steam injected NGE is analyzed. Then, a baseline NGE is modeled and validated through experiments. After that, based on the simulation model, the effects of different steam injection parameters on the NGE performance are discussed, including steam mass, temperature and injected timing. The results show that the NGE fuel economy is significantly improved with steam direct injection. With optimal steam mass, 3.9–5.2% reductions of the NGE brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) are obtained over different speeds, when steam temperature and injected timing are 550 K and 50 deg, respectively. Steam mass and injected timing have great influences on the NGE BSFC. However, steam mass is limited by pinch point temperature difference of the evaporator and exhaust temperature at the evaporator exit. In addition, steam injected timing is restricted by pressure inside the cylinder.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 183〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Vinícius Faria Ramos, Olivert Soares Pinheiro, Esly Ferreira da Costa, Andréa Oliveira Souza da Costa〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Detailed model was proposed in this work for exergy analysis of a real biomass boiler. The model was based on an equilibrium model which uses Gibbs Energy minimization and energy balance to calculate the flue gas composition, the temperature of the furnace and the temperature of the flue gases along the boiler. The exergetic efficiency was calculated by the indirect method, and the exergy destruction in each component of the boiler and each material stream was evaluated. The Gibbs minimization model predicted successfully the complete combustion of the biomass and can be adapted to another thermochemical processes. The exergy analysis results showed that the furnace and the water walls have the higher exergy destruction, accounting for 47% and 30% of the total exergy destruction, respectively. In other parts of the boiler, the exergy destruction was higher in the water and steam flows than in the flue gases, and the results indicate that exergy destruction was higher in streams at lower temperatures. The global exergetic efficiency was 42.47%.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 183〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Lin Yang, Xiang Ling, Hao Peng, LuanFang Duan, Xiaoyi Chen〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this study, a novel high temperature two-phase closed flat heat pipe receiver is proposed and investigated experimentally. In order to simulate the transient startup from frozen state, a transient analysis code for the novel flat heat pipe receiver has been developed. Closed-form analytical solutions for the temperature distribution along the heat pipe length are obtained and experimental tests are undertaken. These closed-form analytical solutions are in good agreement with the experimental data. The theoretical and experimental studies prove that the flat heat pipe receiver with sodium as working fluid has a well startup performance. Experiments were carried out to investigate the temperature uniformity of FHPR under the normal conditions. It is found that the FHPR has well feature of uniformity and stability through startup process experiments with constant heat flux. This research provides guidance for the research and development of flat heat pipe solar receiver, and has important significance for broadening its application in the field of heat utilization of solar energy at high temperature.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Data in Brief, Volume 25〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Mónica Andrea Vargas, Jesús E. Diosa, Edgar Mosquera〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This article presents the data on α-Fe〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 nanoparticles synthesized via Pechini method using iron(III) oxide precursor from steel industry. It is important to highlight the added value that is given to an industrial waste. The samples were characterized by thermal analysis (DTA, TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The TG showed three mass changes, whereas DTA resulted in three anomalies. X-ray diffraction pattern of the samples disclosed rhombohedral structure characteristic of the nanocrystalline α-Fe〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 phase. The crystallite size was estimated for each thermal treatment. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirms the phase purity of prepared nanoparticles. A detailed study on the local structure of the samples was carry out in the region of 800 and 400 cm〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉, where the associated bands of Fe–O bonds are presents. The data have not been reported nor discussed for now.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 183〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Paweł Ocłoń, Marzena Nowak-Ocłoń, Andrea Vallati, Alessandro Quintino, Massimo Corcione〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This paper presents the determination of the heat losses of the pre-insulated pipe and twin pipe in the heating network. The paper compares the heat losses calculated by using the analytical solution (1D model) and numerical model (2D model) based on the Finite Element Method. The developed numerical model considered undisturbed ground temperature at various depths. Therefore, it allowed to study the effect of temperature distribution at various ground depths on heat losses in heating network. Various variants of insulation are considered including standard, plus and plus-plus types for pre-insulated tubes. The remaining heat loss calculation is based merely on temperature levels and thermal resistance factors (in the ground), determined by the pipe dimensions and materials. The differences in calculated heat losses by analytical and numerical model do not exceed 10%.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 183〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Sobhan Badakhshan, Neda Hajibandeh, Miadreza Shafie-khah, João.P.S. Catalão〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Photovoltaic energy is one of the clean and efficient energies which has been developing quickly in the last years. As the penetration of solar plants is increasing in the electricity network, new problems have arisen in network operation. This paper models a high penetration factor of solar energy in the electricity network and investigates the impact of solar energy growth on both the generation schedule of different power plants and in the natural gas transmission network. Fuel management of gas power plants is modeled through simulation of the natural gas transmission network. To this end, an increase in the penetration of solar energy in the electricity network inevitably leads to a sudden increase in the output of gas fired units and a linear and integrated model with the electricity and the natural gas transmission networks has been presented to analyze both of them at the same time to better depict the impact of a high penetration of the solar energy in natural gas transmission grids. In this method, natural gas transmission network and Security Constrained Unit Commitment (SCUC) are presented in a single level program. Gas network constraints are linearized and added to the SCUC problem. The stress imposed on the gas network due to a sudden increase in the load of the electricity network is investigated. Conclusions are duly drawn.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 183〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Bin Zhao, Mingke Hu, Xianze Ao, Nuo Chen, Qingdong Xuan, Yuehong Su, Gang Pei〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉For rooftop building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) technology, photovoltaic (PV) modules are typically mounted on the sunny side of a rooftop to receive a high amount of solar irradiance, whereas the opposite side of the rooftop will have free space. This study proposed a novel strategy for building-integrated PV and radiative cooling (RC) system, namely BIPV−RC system, by covering the sunny side of a rooftop with PV modules and its free side with all-day RC modules to integrate solar energy collection and RC utilization into a single building unit. A mathematical model was developed for the proposed BIPV−RC system and a case study was conducted in two tropical cities (Karachi, Pakistan and Riyadh, Saudi Arabia). Results show the total electricity and cooling output of the BIPV−RC system in Riyadh is 462.1 kWh·m〈sup〉−2〈/sup〉 and 1315.3 MJ m〈sup〉−2〈/sup〉, respectively, approximately 20.7% and 94.0% higher than those in Karachi. Moreover, a comparative study between the BIPV−RC system and the common BIPV and building-integrated RC (BIRC) system was performed and results indicate that the annual total energy output of the BIPV−RC system is nearly 79.1% and 16.8% higher than that of BIPV and BIRC system, respectively.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 183〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yuanwang Deng, Changling Feng, Jiaqiang E, Kexiang Wei, Bin Zhang, Zhiqing Zhang, Dandan Han, Xiaohuan Zhao, Wenwen Xu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Hydrocarbon(HC) emission from cold start for gasoline engine has become a big problem as the emission regulations go increasingly stringent. Zeolites are used to reduce hydrocarbon emission from gasoline engine before three-way catalysts reaching its operating temperature. In this paper, a mathematical model is fitted from hydrocarbons emission experimental data and a computational fluid dynamic(CFD) method is applied to investigate the influence on adsorption capacity of the different gasoline engine hydrocarbons catchers, and grey relational analysis is used to analyze and enhance adsorption performance of the gasoline engine hydrocarbon catchers for reducing hydrocarbons emission during the cold-start period. Driving cycle Federal Test Procedure(FTP) 75 is adopted to see the transient response of adsorbing hydrocarbon in cold start period. Results show that both hydrocarbon catcher length and its zeolite type in gasoline engine have great impact on hydrocarbon adsorption, the ranking of adsorption capacity is 25 cm  〉  20 cm  〉  15 cm, 5A 〉 13X. The gasoline engine hydrocarbon catcher with 25 cm length using zeolite 5A is of the best adsorption performance, and with this hydrocarbon catcher, the adsorption efficiency is 35.8% under cold start for driving cycle FTP75.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Data in Brief, Volume 25〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Samyr M. Querobino, Naially C. de Faria, Aryane A. Vigato, Bruna G.M. da Silva, Ian P. Machado, Maricilia S. Costa, Fanny N. Costa, Daniele R. de Araujo, Carlos Alberto-Silva〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Functional polymeric nanoparticles have attracted attention for different biomedical applications, including drug delivery. Poloxamers (PL), a synthetic copolymers of poly(ethyleneoxide)-b-poly(propylene oxide)-b-poly(ethylene oxide), that exhibit thermoreversible behavior in aqueous solutions. Physicochemical properties of Oleic Acid-Poloxamer (OA-PL) organogel for intravaginal controlled Voriconazole (VRC) delivery were assessed using three different oils (isopropyl myristate - IPM, isopropyl palmitate - IPP, and oleic acid – OA, in order to select the most suitable oil phase for increasing the solubility of the drug and its dispersion in the final aqueous phase. Organogel structural organization was assessed by VRC partition coefficient, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rheological analysis, and drug release assay. These data are complementary to the research article entitled “Sodium alginate in oil-poloxamer organogels for intravaginal drug delivery: influence on structural parameters, drug release mechanisms, cytotoxicity and 〈em〉in vitro〈/em〉 antifungal activity” - Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2019. 99: p. 1350–1361.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Data in Brief, Volume 25〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Muhamad Aidil Zahidin, Norehan Abd Jalil, Nur Mukminah Naharuddin, Mohd Ridwan Abd Rahman, Millawati Gani, Mohd Tajuddin Abdullah〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Tarsier is an endangered nocturnal primate in the family Tarsiidae and is an endemic to Sundaic islands of Philippine (〈em〉Carlito syrichta〈/em〉), Sulawesi (〈em〉Tarsius〈/em〉 tarsier-complex) and Borneo (〈em〉Cephalopachus bancanus〈/em〉). Recent records indicated that most molecular studies were done on the Eastern Tarsier and little information for the other group of tarsiers. Here, we present a partial cytochrome b data set of 〈em〉C. bancanus〈/em〉 in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Standard mist nets were deployed at strategic locations in various habitat types. A total of 18 individuals were caught, measured and weighed. Approximately, 2 × 2 mm of tissue samples were taken and preserved in molecular grade alcohol. Out of 18, only 11 samples were screened with partial mtDNA (cytochrome 〈em〉b〈/em〉) and the DNA sequences were registered in the GenBank (accession numbers: KY794797-KY794807). Phylogenetic trees were constructed with 20 additional mtDNA sequences downloaded from GenBank. The data are valuable for the management authorities to regulate the type of management units for the metapopulation to sustain population genetics integrity of tarsiers in the range countries across the Sunda Shelf.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Data in Brief, Volume 25〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Willams Oliveira, Jéssica Luiza Souza e Silva, Marcela Tomaz Pontes de Oliveira, Oswaldo Cruz-Neto, Luanda Augusta Pinheiro da Silva, Laís Angélica Borges, Mellissa Sousa Sobrinho, Ariadna Valentina Lopes〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this article, we supply raw data on the reproductive biology and frequency of pollinators of 〈em〉Paubrasilia echinata〈/em〉, a threatened tree, endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic forest, which is largely used in Brazilian urban areas (e.g. avenues, parks and squares) due to its ornamental potential. Specifically, we share data on the reproductive phenology, pollen/flower, floral visitors and seed set of 〈em〉P. echinata〈/em〉 in urban and natural ecosystems. This dataset article is related to the original research article "〈strong〉Reduced reproductive success of the endangered tree brazilwood (〈em〉Paubrasilia echinata〈/em〉, Leguminosae) in urban ecosystem compared to Atlantic forest remnant: lessons for tropical urban ecology〈/strong〉" (Oliveira et al., 2019). As urbanization is thought to negatively impact the maintenance of plant communities by affecting ecological key interactions, such as pollination, we believe that data as the supplied here are relevant and could support the planning of urban green spaces to maintain viable communities of plants and animals. This is especially valid for tropical urban ecosystems since most of the studies on plant ecology have been developed in temperate regions and there are still several gaps on the knowledge of ecological functions and ecosystems services (e.g. pollination) in urban green areas in the tropics.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Data in Brief, Volume 25〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): R. Sathish Kumar, K. Sureshkumar〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This data article presents the experimental data set on the optimization of four important parameters which are type of blending fuel, blending ratio, compression ratio and injection timing for four objective functions namely higher brake thermal efficiency, lower brake specific fuel consumption, lower oxides of nitrogen emission and lower unburnt hydrocarbon emission using grey relational analysis and orthogonal array based experimental design. Each parameter was fixed with three levels and L9 orthogonal array has been chosen for experimental analysis. The data obtained from the experimental work reported that butanol as blending fuel, 40% of maximum blending ratio, compression ratio of 16:1 and injection timing of 26 °CA before top dead centre were identified as optimized set of parameters.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Data in Brief, Volume 25〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Vladimir Kolmakov, Alexandra Polyakova〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This data article provides estimates on the Russian regions' aggregate free cash flow, which is not covered by national statistics of major countries. A proper microeconomic model was adapted to regional level data to derive a synthetic indicator of a regional economy's performance. The data contributes to the set of regional performance measures thus enabling a new look at studies of economic growth and development. Conventional economic growth indicators, such as GDP, fixed capital investment or industrial output, are widely criticized since they can have negative values only in terms of growth rates thus showing no evidence of value creation or deterioration. Our data on regional free cash flow eliminates this drawback.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Data in Brief, Volume 25〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Sacha Varone, Corentin Beffa〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉“Passeport Vacances”, abbreviated PV, is a set of leisure activities proposed to children to discover and enjoy during school holidays. During PV, activities are proposed several times, each one being an occurrence. This data set contains real data, collected by online registration during the summer of 2017. Children express their preferences for each available time slot. Organizers should assign activities to children by maximizing their expressed preferences, subject to several types of constraints: age limit, group size limit for each occurrence of an activity, diversification of the type of activities for each child, restrictions on costly activities, restrictions on the number of activities per period, and cost balancing. The CSV files in this data set represent the preferences of 634 children for 1121 activities over a two-week period. These data were used to develop the Morges 2017 Vacation Passport model, which is associated with the research article entitled ““Passeport Vacances”: an assignment problem with cost balancing” Beffa and Varone, 2018.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Data in Brief, Volume 25〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Prashant Kaushik, Shashi Kumar〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈em〉Aegle marmelos〈/em〉 L. (Bael), of family Rutaceae, produces nutritious and medicinally important fruits. Here, we provide the first information regarding the de novo transcriptome assembly of 〈em〉Aegle marmelos〈/em〉 L. fruit. The information on the fruit transcriptome sequencing data will be useful to gain a better insight into the important pathways in the 〈em〉Aegle marmelos〈/em〉 L. fruits. The data can be accessed via NCBI BioProject (id PRJNA433585).〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Data in Brief, Volume 25〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Solomon Kassa, Haylay Tsegab, Chow Weng Sum, Choong CheeMeng〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Fission tracks are linear trails of intense radiation damage in the crystal structure of a mineral, produced by spontaneous fissioning of uranium-238 (〈sup〉238〈/sup〉U) atoms. Detail information on the low-temperature thermal histories of rocks, below∼120 °C for tracks in apatite and below∼350 °C for zircon, can be provided by Fission-track (FT) analysis. The purpose of this article is to present apatite and zircon fission-track data, and U–Pb granite ages that provide information about the cooling histories of a rock which can be crucial in comprehending the exhumation episodes of the study area, in particular, and the region, in general. Granite samples were collected along the same vertical profile at different elevation, 178–944 m.a.s.l. These samples were used to determine Fission-Track and crystallization ages. HeFTy software was employed to interpret the cooling histories of the samples using forward and inverse models. The inverse model was an approach of reproducing the observed data, and it was carried out only for fission-track data from the apatite grains. And it was constructed after generating a number of forward models, where in each of these models the predicted apatite fission-track parameters were compared to the measured values. The apatite fission track (AFT) and zircon fission track (ZFT) data indicated expected age trends, 〈em〉i.e.〈/em〉 the older ages at higher elevations and the younger ages at lower elevations. Similarly, the data shows that the apatite and zircon FT ages appear younger than the age of the rock crystallization. The U–Pb age in zircon consistently suggest the age of the granite is Late Triassic.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 183〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Guihua Zhu, Lingling Wang, Naici Bing, Huaqing Xie, Wei Yu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The working fluids with higher solar thermal conversion performance within broadband spectrum ranges are of great concern for direct absorption solar collectors (DASCs). Both metal nanoparticles with localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effects and carbon nanomaterials have unique spectral absorption behaviors and have shown better photothermal performance in DASCs. In this paper, we attempted to prepare composite nanofluids including plasmonic bimetallic alloy and carbon nanomaterials to realize enhanced solar absorption and photothermal conversion performance. By taking ZIF-8-derived nitrogen-doped graphitic polyhedrons (ZNGs) as carrier, plasmonic bimetallic Ag-Au alloy nanoparticles were loaded on them by an impregnation-reduction method successfully. Ag-Au/ZNGs ethylene glycol nanofluids showed significant broadband absorption in the visible and near-infrared spectrum range at a lower concentration. Comparing to ethylene glycol, the photothermal conversion effeiency of all ZNGs nanofluids increased remarkablely. Plasmonic bimetallic Ag-Au alloy nanoparticles further improved the photothermal conversion efficiency, which was up to 74.35% for Ag-Au ZNGs nanofluids compared with 72.41%, 70.35% for Au/ZNGs, Ag/ZNGs respectively. This work presents a new way to enhance solar energy absorption and improve solar thermal conversion efficiency of nanofluids for DASCs.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 183〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ruipeng Tan, Boqiang Lin, Xiying Liu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Market-oriented reforms on production factors in China are far lagged behind that of the commodity market, remaining the problem of price distortion in production factor markets. In this paper, we measure the degree of relative price distortion among capital, labor and energy focusing on China's secondary industry. Then, we take the own-price and cross-price elasticities as the link to estimate the demand changes of the three production factors in three cases. At last, we estimate the influence of relative price distortion elimination on the total factor energy efficiency. The main findings are: relative price distortions among the three factors exist. No matter taking the prices of capital, energy or labor as the benchmark, the prices of the other two kinds of production factors should be changed. Second, the own-price elasticities of the factors are negative, while the cross-price elasticities between the factors are positive, indicating the substitutability among the factors. Finally, correcting the relative price distortion can serve for the improvement of total factor energy efficiency of China's secondary industry. Therefore, if taking improvement of total factor energy efficiency as the goal, eliminating the price distortion in the factor market is necessary.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 183〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Honglun Yang, Qiliang Wang, Yihang Huang, Junsheng Feng, Xianze Ao, Maobin Hu, Gang Pei〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Solar selective absorbing coatings that absorb solar irradiation and emit infrared radiation have a significant impact on the thermal efficiency of the receivers. The spectrum parameters heat transfer model and the non-ideal coating curve model are established. The cutoff wavelength of coatings is comprehensively optimized, and the effect of the optical properties of the coating on overall performance is analyzed. Results show that the optimal cutoff wavelength rises with the solar irradiation flux but decreases with increased absorber temperature. Sensitivity analysis results of the coating optical properties indicates that the thermal efficiency significantly decreases with increasing slope width. The change range of the thermal efficiency at the temperature of 200 °C is ±0.1%, resulting from a ±1 μm variation in slope width, whereas the range at 600 °C is ±6.5%. Spectral absorptivity analysis shows that the coating absorptivity has nearly same positive influence on thermal efficiency under different temperatures and irradiation fluxes, whereas emissivity analysis reveals an evidently different negative effect on the receiver performance. Finally, the annual optimal cutoff wavelength decreases with increasing temperature but increases with solar irradiation. The optimal cutoff wavelength decreases from 2.23 μm at 200 °C to 0.78 μm at 600 °C in Phoenix.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 183〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jing Yang, Zhiyong Zhang, Mingwan Yang, Jiayu Chen〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Recovering wasted heat is sustainable and cost-effective approach to secure energy supply in cities. This paper extended the Stackelberg game model to investigating the supply chain of the waste heat recovery market. Three models were proposed to investigate the optimal decision-making for different supply chain participants. With a validation case, the results suggested that the joint decision can reach the optimal outcomes and cost. Mobile heating strategy has advantages over coal-fired boilers, electric boilers, natural gas boilers in terms of costs and environmental protection. With a typical consumption of the recovered waste heat 342 GJ/day for water heating (from 25 °C to 60 °C) can save 11.672t standard coal and 79,800 RMB per day. In addition, improving thermal energy quality of waste heat recovery can generate higher profit and attract more potential customers.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 183〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Xiaotian Lai, Minjie Yu, Rui Long, Zhichun Liu, Wei Liu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉A modified theoretical model of dish solar Stirling engine was developed based on a Stirling cycle operating with finite shaft rotating speed and the energy balance equations at hot and cold ends. The convergence of solar receiver temperature and charged gas heat releasing temperature represent the stabilization of solar receiver and Stirling engine respectively, thus, to guarantee a steady operation of the overall system. Impacts of meteorological condition, operational parameter of Stirling engine on system performance were investigated and analyzed systematically. Results indicate that higher solar flux intensity improves system performance while wind deteriorates the system performance. With the input solar energy specified, optimal charged gas mass in Stirling engine exists corresponding to the maximal power output. More effective heater, regenerator and cooler contribute to better optimal system performance. Meanwhile, the charged gas mass optimized under the daily average solar flux intensity achieves the maximal mechanical work in a day with less computation. The maximal theoretical peak power output of 25 kW and overall efficiency of 44% are obtained as high performance heat exchangers are adopted and charged gas mass is optimized.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Data in Brief, Volume 25〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Farah Alkhatib, John-John Cabibihan, Elsadig Mahdi〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this article, three different data sets are presented to evaluate a representative of openly accessible 3D printed prosthetic hand. The first data set includes grasping force measurements of human hand and low-cost 3D printed hand. Three grasping functions were evaluated, spherical, cylindrical, and precision grasps. The experimental test was performed using a wearable tactile sensor. The second data set includes the numerical analysis of prosthetic fingers made from Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and Polylactic Acid (PLA) materials under different carrying loads. The numerical analyses were carried out by LS-DYNA software. The files can be used for the prosthetic fingers’ evaluation and for the selection of suitable material. The third data set includes the experimental tensile test of ABS and PLA materials. The mechanical properties were calculated from the results, which can be used in the design and fabrication of products from these materials. All the datasets are available from Harvard Dataverse: https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/GCPAIL.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Data in Brief, Volume 25〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Manuela Stan, Ildiko Lung, Maria-Loredana Soran, Ocsana Opris, Cristian Leostean, Adriana Popa, Florina Copaciu, Mihaela Diana Lazar, Irina Kacso, Teofil-Danut Silipas, Alin Sebastian Porav〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this data article, we present supplementary data related to the research article entitled “Starch-coated green synthesized magnetite nanoparticles for removal of textile dye Optilan Blue from aqueous media” Stan et al., 2019. Data interpretations are included in the related research article Stan et al., 2019. The synthesized starch-coated Fe〈sub〉3〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 nanoparticles (ST-coated Fe〈sub〉3〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 NPs) were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) to illustrate the shape and surface coating of nanoparticles. Moreover, the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) technique was used to evidence starch deposition on magnetite nanoparticles. The obtained nanocomposites were used for adsorption of Optilan Blue (OB) in batch conditions and the optimum agitation speed and point of zero charge (pH〈sub〉pzc〈/sub〉) were established. After OB adsorption on ST-coated Fe〈sub〉3〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 NPs, the nanocomposites were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The stability of starch coated Fe〈sub〉3〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 NPs in the acidic as well as alkaline pH was also evidenced by FTIR spectroscopy. In addition, to test the stability of ST-coated Fe〈sub〉3〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 NPs, leaching experiments were carried out. The experimental data were compared with isotherm and kinetic models in order to determine the most suitable for fitting.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 183〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yu-Jen Wang, Chih-Kuang Lee〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this study, a two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) wave energy converter (WEC) composed of an eccentric dual-axis ring and power generators using circular Halbach array magnetic disks and iron-core coils was developed. The 2-DOF WEC was designed to convert kinetic energy from the pitching, rolling, and heaving motions of a mooring-less buoy. The eccentric dual-axis ring with appropriate weighting conditions enhanced power generation by revolving in biaxial hula-hoop motion, because it exhibited a higher angular velocity than when in swing motion. Kinetic equations for the biaxial eccentric dual-axis ring mounted on the buoy were derived using the Lagrange–Euler equation. Furthermore, weighting conditions of the eccentric dual-axis ring for biaxial hula-hoop motion were determined in accordance with frequency and amplitude of regular buoy motion. The magnetic flux density, cogging torque, and electromagnetic damping of the magnetic disk were evaluated using magnetic field strength simulations and Faraday's law of induction. The 2-DOF WEC prototype was implemented, and biaxial hula-hoop motion was observed in a wave flume test. An output power of 0.56 W was generated for the primary frequency of buoy motion from 0.7 to 1.0 Hz. Results indicate the WEC is feasible as a sustainable power source for sensors on buoys.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 183〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Juan Ignacio Peña, Rosa Rodríguez〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This paper studies the realizability and compatibility of the three CEP2020 targets, focusing on electricity prices. We study the impact of renewables and other fundamental determinants on wholesale and household retail electricity prices in ten EU countries from 2008 to 2016. Increases in production from renewables decrease wholesale electricity prices in all countries. As decreases in prices should promote consumption, an apparent contradiction emerges between the target of an increase in renewables and the target of a reduction in consumption. However, the impact of renewables on the non-energy part of household wholesale electricity prices is positive in six countries. Therefore, decreases in wholesale prices, that may compromise the CEP2020 target of decrease in consumption, do not necessarily translate into lower household retail prices. Monte Carlo simulations suggest that the probability of achieving CEP's target of reductions in GHG emissions for 2020 is lower than 1% in Austria, Portugal, and Spain. In horizon 2030, Austria, France, Germany, Portugal, and Spain have probabilities lower than 1% of achieving the GHG emissions target. Finland and France present success probabilities lower than 1% on the national targets of renewable sources for 2020 and 2030 as do Austria and Spain with reductions in electricity consumption.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 29 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Data in Brief〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Svetlana Vladislavl'evna Lobova, Julia Vyacheslavovna Ragulina, Aleksei Valentinovich Bogoviz, Alexander Nikolaevich Alekseev〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This paper presents a rich collection of data used to construct an energy security performance index of the eight countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Namely, the index covers Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Russia, Tajikistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan. The data include results of Z-score normalization of 12 distinct indicators, constituting a total of 4 dimensions of energy security performance. These dimensions are the following: energy availability (oil import dependence, coal import dependence, natural gas import dependence), energy affordability (access to electricity, pump price for gasoline, pump price for diesel fuel), energy and economic efficiency (renewable energy consumption, GDP per unit of energy use, electric power consumption), and environmental stewardship (CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉, N〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O, and SO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 emissions). Z-scores are calculated for 2000 and 2014, which allows to evaluate energy security performance of the CIS countries in each dimension and in total over the period of 14 years.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 29 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Data in Brief〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Liliana Anjos, Patricia I.S. Pinto, Theofania Tsironi, George Dimopoulos, Soraia Santos, Cátia Santa, Bruno Manadas, Adelino Canario, Petros Taoukis, Deborah M. Power〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Fresh fish are highly perishable food products and their short shelf-life limits their commercial exploitation and leads to waste, which has a negative impact on aquaculture sustainability. New non-thermal food processing methods, such as high pressure (HP) processing, prolong shelf-life while assuring high food quality. The effect of HP processing (600MPa, 25ºC, 5min) on European sea bass (〈em〉Dicentrarchus labrax〈/em〉) fillet quality and shelf life was investigated. The data presented comprises microbiome and proteome profiles of control and HP-processed sea bass fillets from 1 to 67 days of isothermal storage at 2°C. Bacterial diversity was analysed by Illumina high-throughput sequencing of the 〈em〉16S rRNA〈/em〉 gene in pooled DNAs from control or HP-processed fillets after 1, 11 or 67 days and the raw reads were deposited in the NCBI-SRA database with accession number PRJNA517618. Yeast and fungi diversity were analysed by high-throughput sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region for control and HP-processed fillets at the end of storage (11 or 67 days, respectively) and have the SRA accession number PRJNA517779. Quantitative label-free proteomics profiles were analysed by SWATH-MS (Sequential Windowed data independent Acquisition of the Total High-resolution-Mass Spectra) in myofibrillar or sarcoplasmic enriched protein extracts pooled for control or HP-processed filets after 1, 11 and 67 days of storage. Proteome data was deposited in the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository with the dataset identifiers PXD012737. These data support the findings reported in the associated manuscript “High pressure processing of European sea bass (〈em〉Dicentrarchus labrax〈/em〉) fillets and tools for flesh quality and shelf life monitoring”, Tsironi et al. 2019, JFE 262:83-91, doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2019.05.010.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 187〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Faezeh Esmaeili, Mohsen Gholami, Mohammad Hojjat〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this study, the external surface of a finned tube was coated by 13X zeolite powder, and the CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 adsorption equilibrium and dynamics were investigated experimentally. A slurry consisting of dionized water, 13X zeolite powder, and Acrylic latex emulsion (ALE) was used to coat the finned tube. The finned tube was coated by deep coating method. The equilibrium isotherms were measured at the range of 20–90 °C and fitted well by the dual-site Langmuir model. The average difference between the model and the results obtained from the experiments is about 2.5%. The nitrogen adsorption/desorption at 77 K was used for characterization of adsorbents. A 11% reduction was observed in pore volume and surface area. The dynamic test showed that the desorption of adsorbed CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 takes place in about 14 s which is an order of magnitude faster than the fastest developed method. A conservative criterion was developed for estimating adsorbent working capacity. This criterion showed that the working capacities of the adsorbent are about 80% of its ideal values.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0360544219317086-fx1.jpg" width="339" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 187〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Saber Khanmohammadi, Shoaib Khanmohammadi〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉One of the most substantial aspects of the solar still systems that should be significantly considered is their economic and environment aspects. The present study deals with analyzing and identifying the behaviors of a cascade solar still desalination system in the presence of different insulation types and phase change materials. A Matlab code is developed to solve the energy equations for different components of the system simultaneously using ODE-45 solver. A comprehensive thermal, economic and environment analyses performed on the solar still desalination system with different insulation types and phase change materials. With selecting three objective functions namely total annual cost (〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si1.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉T〈/mi〉〈mi〉A〈/mi〉〈mi〉C〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉), exergy efficiency (〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si2.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉η〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉e〈/mi〉〈mi〉x〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉), and exergy-based CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 mitigation 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si3.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mo stretchy="true"〉(〈/mo〉〈mrow〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉φ〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉C〈/mi〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉O〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉2〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈mo〉,〈/mo〉〈mi〉e〈/mi〉〈mi〉x〈/mi〉〈mo linebreak="badbreak"〉−〈/mo〉〈mi〉b〈/mi〉〈mi〉a〈/mi〉〈mi〉s〈/mi〉〈mi〉e〈/mi〉〈mi〉d〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈/mrow〉〈mo stretchy="true"〉)〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉, the tri-objective optimization is carried out for two considered cases of solar still desalination units. The thermal analysis represents that among different insulation types phenolic foam with 9.42 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si4.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉k〈/mi〉〈mi〉g〈/mi〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉/〈/mo〉〈msup〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉m〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉2〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/msup〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉 per day has the highest value of distilled water production. The total annual cost analysis infers that the system with paraffin as phase change material (PCM) and glass wool as insulation, with 71.67 $, has the lowest TAC. The tri-objective optimization results demonstrate that for both considered cases three objectives are improved considerably compare with non-optimized solar still systems.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 28 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Data in Brief〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Carsten Posovszky, Mehtap Sirin, Eva Jacobsen, Myriam Lorenz, Klaus Schwarz, Anjona Schmidt-Choudhury, Catharina Schütz, Manfred Hönig, Klaus-Michael Debatin, Ansgar Schulz, Peter Möller, Thomas F. Barth〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) is essential for adaptive immune response. We recently reported on disturbed adaptive mucosal immunity due to MHC II deficiency and prolonged enteropathy. Here, we share medical history, flow cytometric analysis of blood lymphocytes, immunohistopathology, and fecal analysis of seven genetically confirmed patients with MHC II deficiency suffering from enteropathy. Data on flow cytometric analysis of HLA-DR expression on monocytes and B cells before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and after 〈em〉in-vitro〈/em〉 stimulation is shown. The course of immune reconstitution after HSCT of MHC II deficient patients in comparison to severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) patients is described. In addition, immunohistopathology illustrating CD4 and CD8 T cell infiltration, absence of B lymphocytes and plasma cells, and disturbed immunoglobulin expression in the gut as well as absent HLA-DR expression in the liver is shown. Furthermore, data from fecal analysis such as stool fat, nitrogen, and water fraction as well as faecal markers such as alpha-1-antitrypsin, pancreas specific elastase 1, eosinophilic protein X (EPX), and beta defensin 2 are presented. Altogether this data demonstrates the complex phenotype of MHC II deficiency. The data can be valuable for researchers interested in mucosal immunity. For further interpretation of the data presented in this article, please see the research article “Persisting enteropathy and disturbed adaptive mucosal immunity due to MHC class II deficiency”[1].〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 28 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Data in Brief〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Estefanía Alfaro Mejía, Humberto Loaiza Correa, Édinson Franco Mejía, Andrés David Restrepo Girón, Sandra Esperanza Nope Rodríguez〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈em〉This article presents a dataset for thermal characterization of photovoltaic systems to identify snail trails and hot spot failures. This dataset has 277 thermographic aerial images that were acquired by a Zenmuse XT IR camera (7-13〈/em〉 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si1.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉μ〈/mi〉〈mi〉m〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉 〈em〉wavelength) from a DJI Matrice 100〈/em〉 〈sup〉〈em〉1〈/em〉〈/sup〉〈em〉drone (quadcopter). Additionally, our dataset includes the next environmental measurements: temperature, wind speed, and irradiance. The experimental set up consisted in a photovoltaic array of 4 serial monocrystalline Si panels (string) and an electronic equipment emulating a real load. The conditions for images acquisition were stablished in a flight protocol in which we defined altitude, attitude, and weather conditions.〈/em〉〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 28 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Data in Brief〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Dongjing Li, Jianghua Liu, Yang Wang, Aixia Wu, Ruolin Ruan, Zeping Li, Zhimou Xu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉GaN is one of the most promising materials for high PEC efficiency to produce clean, renewable hydrogen in an ecofriendly manner [1], [2], [3], [4]. Trough assays of nanoporous gallium nitride (GaN) photoelectrode, we recently demonstrated an improved PEC efficiency and photocurrent density of nanoporous GaN photoelectrode by 470 % times with respect to planar counterpart [5]. Here, we report original data acquired under UV-visible spectrometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), room temperature PL measurements and PEC measurements, based on the characterization of different sapphire substrate, different GaN samples and different GaN photoelectrodes. The optical properties and photoelectrochemical properties of the corresponding samples and possible mechanisms are presented, which is freely available [5]. The data can be valuable for researchers interested in photoelectrochemical water splitting, as well as to researchers developing fabrication of nanoporous photoelectrode. For more insight please see the research article “A nanoporous GaN photoelectrode on patterned sapphire substrates for high-efficiency photoelectrochemical water splitting”, 〈a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.06.234" target="_blank"〉https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.06.234〈/a〉.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 29 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Data in Brief〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Zhanni Luo, Yu Wang〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Data in this article revealed the eye movement differences of visualizers and verbalizers in viewing four pictures-in-text by analyzing gaze path and fixation data (fixation duration, fixation counts and the average time on each fixation). After imported the documents into Tobii eye-tracker, authors triggered participants’ natural reading habits, recorded their eye movement data, and predicted participants as visualizers or verbalizers based on the Felder and Silverman Learning Style Model (FSLSM). Comparing the predictions with self-report results tested by the Index of Learning Styles (ILS) questionnaire, authors got the accuracy results of using eye-tracking technology in identifying visualizers and verbalizers. The data revealed natural preferences of people with different styles, and it can be used in future studies in the field of adaptive learning systems, individual differences, neuroscience in reading habits, and individualized instruction.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 28 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Data in Brief〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Nicholas A. Howell, Jack V. Tu, Rahim Moineddin, Hong Chen, Anna Chu, Perry Hystad, Gillian L. Booth〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Individuals’ risk for cardiovascular disease is shaped by lifestyle factors such as participation in physical activity. Some studies have suggested that rates of physical activity may be higher in walkable neighborhoods that are more supportive of engaging in physical activity in daily life. However, walkable neighborhoods may also contain increased levels of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP). Traffic-related air pollution, often measured through a surrogate marker (e.g. NO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉) has been associated cardiovascular disease risk and risk factors [1], [2], [3], [4]. The higher levels of TRAP in walkable neighborhoods may in turn increase the likelihood of developing conditions like hypertension and diabetes. Our recent work assessed how walkability and TRAP jointly affect the odds of diabetes and hypertension in a sample of community-dwelling adults from Southern Ontario, Canada [5]. This article contains additional data on the probability and odds of hypertension and diabetes among different populations according to their walkability and TRAP exposures. Data on cardiovascular risk factors were collected using health administrative databases and environmental exposures were assessed using national land use regression models predicting ground level concentrations of NO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 and validated walkability indices. The included data were generated using logistic regression accounting for exposures, covariates, and neighborhood clustering. These data may be used as primary data in future health risk assessments and systematic reviews, or to aid in the design of studies examining interactions between built environment and TRAP exposures (e.g. sample size calculations).〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 183〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Xiao Luo, Dongxu Wu, Congliang Huang, Zhonghao Rao〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉To relieve the fresh water shortage, a skeleton double layer structure (SDLS) is developed in this work to give a high evaporation efficiency for solar steam generation. In the SDLS, the bottom layer is dug hollow to prevent heat dissipating from the bottom layer into the bulk water. The method to optimize structure of the SDLS is also given in this work. The increase of height of SDLS has a positive effect on reducing heat losses while negative effect on supplying water, thus a proper height should be selected. After obtaining the proper height, the optimal cross sectional area of the skeleton structure can be approximately calculated based on the mass conservation of water. Applying the optimal SDLS, both of our experiment and simulation methods show that the evaporation rate and the evaporation efficiency under a solar power illumination of 1 sun can be 1.5 kg m〈sup〉−2〈/sup〉 h〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 and 90% respectively, which is much higher than most emerging structures. The simulation by finite element method further shows that the high evaporation efficiency of the SDLS arrives from the low energy losses. The good match between the simulation and experimental results suggests the reliability of our results. We concluded that the SDLS is a promising system for application in solar steam generation due to its high evaporation efficiency, reusability and also easy to prepare.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 183〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Giovanni Barone, Annamaria Buonomano, Francesco Calise, Cesare Forzano, Adolfo Palombo〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈p〉This paper presents a novel dynamic simulation model for the analysis of a hybrid turboexpander system coupled with innovative high-vacuum solar thermal collectors. The model is developed in MatLab and it is able to dynamically calculate the energy, exergy, environmental, and economic performances of the investigated system, by taking into account the hourly fluctuation of thermodynamic and economic parameters (e.g. electricity cost, natural gas temperature, and flow rates, etc.). In addition, a computer-based Design of Experiment (DoE) approach was implemented for achieving the optimal design of the proposed system.〈/p〉 〈p〉A suitable case study is presented in order to show the capabilities of the developed simulation tool. Conventional and non-conventional decompression systems located in the weather zone of Messina (South-Italy) are investigated with the aim of assessing the optimal system configuration. By means of the computer-based DoE analysis, the optimal values of several design parameters (such as the number of solar thermal collectors, the volume of the hot water storage tank, and the size of the water loop pump) are calculated. Numerical results show significant primary energy savings (1.36 TWh/year) and avoided carbon dioxide emissions (348 t〈sub〉CO2〈/sub〉/year). From the economic point of view, a feasible simple pay-back period of 4.51 years is achieved. The destroyed exergy of the system components are calculated, obtaining the highest value for the turbo-expander, equal to 12.0 TWh/year.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 183〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Kamil Kozłowski, Maciej Pietrzykowski, Wojciech Czekała, Jacek Dach, Alina Kowalczyk-Juśko, Krzysztof Jóźwiakowski, Michał Brzoski〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The aim of this study is to analyse the possibilities of use of waste from dairy production to produce electricity and heat in the process of anaerobic digestion. The analysis covers one of the Polish dairies located in Eastern Poland. The amounts of the substrates produced in analyzed dairy plant will enable the production of approx. 14,785 MWh electricity and 57,815 GJ of heat. This will allow the construction of biogas plant with an electrical power of 1.72 MW. The paper has been stated that the construction of biogas plants for environmental and social reasons is beneficial.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 183〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Dongran Song, Yinggang Yang, Songyue Zheng, Weiyi Tang, Jian Yang, Mei Su, Xuebing Yang, Young Hoon Joo〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This paper proposes a systematic method that precisely estimates the capacity factor (CF) of the variable-speed wind turbine (WT) by considering the coupled influence of the turbine operation constraints and the air density. To do so, the WT’s operation is defined by introducing the QN-curve (denoting the generator torque versus rotor speed), and the influence of different QN-curves on the power production is analysed while considering the influence of the air density. Then, a practical power-curve model considering the constraint of the QN-curve is derived for the WT. Following that, the formulation and the procedure of CF estimation are presented. Lastly, the presented CF estimation approach is applied into an industrial WT while considering the wind sites with four different altitudes. Finally, the application results show the capabilities of the proposed approach in evaluating the CF under the coupled influence of the QN-curve constraint and the air density. Meanwhile, comparing the proposed approach to four empirical approaches demonstrates that the CF estimation based on empirical models has considerable deviations to the results of the presented model under different site altitudes. Furthermore, among the four empirical models, the CF estimations from the quadratic and the linear models present the least deviations to those by the proposed model at the sites with low altitude and high altitude, respectively.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 183〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Boqiang Lin, Hermas Abudu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Particularly for developing regions like Sub Saharan Africa, energy intensity is a critical policy issue and usually affected by four challenges: substitution between energy and other factors, technological change, changes in energy composition, and changes of economic growth. This paper examines energy intensity, output elasticity, energy-capital-labor substitution possibility, and factors contribution rates. The study applies a Translog production approach with data spanning 1990–2014 and further, applies ridge regression technique as a robust rectification to achieve unbiasedness in the findings. There is expected evidence of inverse relationship: higher energy intensity in lower per capita economy, evidenced by upward energy tariffs with lower energy elasticity. Factors are inelastic and have average elasticity substitution possibility for capital-energy with their inferential rebound effects’ challenges. However, other combinations indicate complementarity at the current development stage. We further, observe that if higher energy intensity not managed, would translate into higher CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 intensity, because 99% of total energy is sourced from hydrocarbons of 51% and 48% of biomass. Based on the findings, policymakers and implementors are encouraged to integrate and optimize the whole energy system towards improving energy efficiency through increasing renewable energy composition from the current 1% to at least 10% whiles increasing quality-energy from nonrenewable.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 183〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Lanchuan Zhang, Jun Li, Yifei Wu, Mingyun Lv〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Solar energy is an essential energy source collected by photovoltaic (PV) cells for long-endurance stratospheric airships. Attitude control is crucial for the energy production of the PV array attached to the airship hull. This study was conducted to analyze the energy balance of stratospheric airships with attitude planning. A solar radiation and PV array model is proposed, then a steerable attitude strategy is established considering the roll, pitch, and yaw control of the PV array. The energy balance of the model is analyzed under an attitude planning scheme based on an actual airship design. The daily net energy of the airship is calculated according to monthly wind data of various latitudes. The influence on the net energy considering the conversion efficiency of PV cells and specific density of the energy stored system (ESS) is also analyzed. The results shows that attitude planning has a significant effect on both the energy production and wind resistance of the airship. The energy balance of the airship is markedly improved when PV conversion efficiency is high and ESS energy capacity is large. The results presented here may prove valuable for future stratospheric airship applications.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 183〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Zhuochun Wu, Liye Xiao〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Accurate wind speed forecasting ensures the controllability for the wind power system. In this paper, a structure with density-weighted active learning (DWAL)-based model selection strategy from the perspective of meteorological factors is proposed to improve the accuracy and stability for wind speed deterministic and probabilistic forecasting. To improve training efficiency and accelerate the sample selection process, DWAL is employed. The multi-objective flower pollination algorithm is used to combine best models selected from model space with optimal weights for higher accuracy and stability. Except deterministic forecasts, as large-scale wind power generation integrated into power grid, the wind direction should also be forecasted and the estimation of the wind speed and direction uncertainty is vital, offering various aspects of forecasts for risk management. Thus, both deterministic and probabilistic forecasting for the wind speed vector are included in this paper. Eight datasets from Ontario Province, Canada, are utilized to evaluate forecasting performance of the model selection and the proposed structure. Results demonstrated: (a) the proposed structure is suitable for wind speed vector forecasting; (b) the proposed structure obtains more precise and stable forecasting performance; (c) the proposed structure improves the accuracy of deterministic forecasting and provides probabilistic information for wind speed vector forecasting.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 183〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Matt Lewis, James McNaughton, Concha Márquez-Dominguez, Grazia Todeschini, Michael Togneri, Ian Masters, Matthew Allmark, Tim Stallard, Simon Neill, Alice Goward-Brown, Peter Robins〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Temporal variability in renewable energy presents a major challenge for electrical grid systems. Tides are considered predictable due to their regular periodicity; however, the persistence and quality of tidal-stream generated electricity is unknown. This paper is the first study that attempts to address this knowledge gap through direct measurements of rotor-shaft power and shore-side voltage from a 1 MW, rated at grid-connection, tidal turbine (Orkney Islands, UK). Tidal asymmetry in turbulence parameters, flow speed and power variability were observed. Variability in the power at 0.5 Hz, associated with the 10-min running mean, was low (standard deviation 10–12% of rated power), with lower variability associated with higher flow speed and reduced turbulence intensity. Variability of shore-side measured voltage was well within acceptable levels (∼0.3% at 0.5 Hz). Variability in turbine power had 〈1% difference in energy yield calculation, even with a skewed power variability distribution. Finally, using a “t-location” distribution of observed fine-scale power variability, in combination with an idealised power curve, a synthetic power variability model reliably downscaled 30 min tidal velocity simulations to power at 0.5 Hz (R〈sup〉2〈/sup〉 = 85% and ∼14% error). Therefore, the predictability and quality of tidal-stream energy was high and may be undervalued in a future, high-penetration renewable energy, electricity grid.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 187〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jian Chen, Xiong Pan, Canxing Wang, Guojun Hu, Hongtao Xu, Pengwei Liu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The airfoil research is one of the most essential issue which has great influence on the vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) performance. Thus, a comprehensive research was conducted in this study with the objective of evaluating the effect of the twelve airfoils' controlling parameters on a Darrieus rotor's performance. The airfoil parameterization method, orthogonal algorithm and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) prediction were intergtated to fulfill this objective. A modification was conducted for the airfoil parameterization method to avoid trailing edge crossing and make controlling parameter's geometrical meaning more explicitly. The analysis results sorted the effect of design parameters by impact weight or contribution ratio. A remarkable finding was that the design parameters on the lower surface have greater influence than those on the upper surface. Orthogonal analysis gained a best airfoil whose power coefficient (C〈sub〉P〈/sub〉) is 13.26% larger than that of NACA 0015. Flow field analysis found that a tiny positive vortex was enlarged intensively with the increasing of the azimuth angle, which degrades the rotor's performance.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 187〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Thi Anh Tuyet Nguyen, Shuo-Yan Chou〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉One of the most critical impediments of developing offshore wind systems is the high maintenance cost that reduces the cost-effectiveness of projects. To increase the cost-effectiveness of offshore wind energy, an effective solution is to reduce the overall maintenance cost by improving the efficiency of maintenance activities. Although maintenance optimization is crucial for improving cost-effectiveness, no model in the literature has analyzed the effects of government subsidies, the time value of money, the cost of lost power generation, and location on the optimal maintenance schedule. This study proposes an approach for thoroughly investigating the effects of various factors such as government subsidies, the time value of money, lost power generation, and location on maintenance cost. A dynamic approach was developed to determine the optimal maintenance schedule with the objective of minimizing the present maintenance cost on the time horizon. The results demonstrated that the optimal maintenance schedule varied according to changes in government subsidies under the influence of the time value of money. Moreover, the effect on the maintenance schedule became greater when government subsidies increased.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 187〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Mohamed Adel Sayed, Mostafa R. Abukhadra, Mohamed Abdel Salam, Sobhy M. Yakout, Ahmed A. Abdeltawab, Ibrahim M. Aziz〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Novel heulandite/polyanailine@Ni〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 composite (Hu/PAN@NiO) was fabricated as an advanced product of enhanced photocatalytic properties and low band gap energy for efficient hydrogen generation. The composite was characterized and identified through different techniques including XRD, HRTEM, SEM, and FTIR in addition to the investigation of its textural and optical properties. The fabricated composite is of a significantly high surface area (531 m〈sup〉2〈/sup〉/g) and low band gap that reaches about 1.46 eV which strongly qualifies the product electrode in photo-electrochemical hydrogen generation processes. The synthetic composite exhibits effective photocatalytic performance in the photoelectrochemical splitting of water under a visible light source. The detected photocurrent density reached 4.7204 mAcm〈sup〉−2〈/sup〉 and the hydrogen production rate was estimated to be 4.1 μmol/h〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉cm〈sup〉−2〈/sup〉 after about 50 min at an applied voltage of +1V. The obtained results reflected the potentiality of such hybrid material as an effective catalyst in the photo-electrochemical splitting of water for hydrogen production.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 187〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Mathieu Legrand, Luis Miguel Rodríguez-Antón, Carmen Martinez-Arevalo, Fernando Gutiérrez-Martín〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The European energy transition implies a relevant increase of renewable energies in the electric power generation mix. Integrating additional renewables is becoming more challenging due to their variability. Spain's peninsular situation aggravates this problem because it is an electric island. Within this framework, Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES) is a promising technology for balancing the power grid. This work proposes a transient thermodynamic modelling of a 100 MW LAES plant. The cycle incorporates a packed-bed cold-storage system to enhance the charge/discharge efficiency. The appearance of a thermocline in the cold-storage unit is relevant regarding the round-trip efficiency. An economic study based on the simulation results is performed considering different scenarios of renewables grid penetration (photovoltaic and wind power). Depending on the installed LAES capacity, the levelized cost of delivered energy is evaluated. The results suggest that it is more interesting to store photovoltaic energy in the daytime peak hours and release energy during the night-time valleys to maximize the use of storage plants. This allows the levelized cost of energy and storage to be reduced to values as low as 150 and 50 €/MWh respectively. These prices are competitive with compressed air energy storage and even with pumped-hydro storage.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S036054421931655X-egi102Q5CTF2PS.jpg" width="367" alt="Image 10252" title="Image 10252"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 187〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Salim Issaadi, Wassila Issaadi, Abdelkrim Khireddine〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈p〉To increase the power output of a PV module or a field of PV modules, an electronic controller is incorporated between the PV generator and the load, whose role and main objective is the continuous monitoring of the maximum power point of the PV generator commonly known as MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) and this in general per action on a DC-DC conversion device.〈/p〉 〈p〉The regulation and control techniques provide the impedance matching function, transferring to the load the maximum electrical power output from the PV generator in any the temperature and sunshine conditions.〈/p〉 〈p〉The development of a revolutionary method based on neural algorithms for the prediction of an instantaneous command is the main objective in our work.〈/p〉 〈p〉Indeed, the paper presents a new control strategy for the photovoltaic PV, it is a command based on Neuronal Network technique. It is the first time that this technique has been introduced, and proposed by the authors in synthesizing control laws for the converters of electronic power.〈/p〉 〈p〉The new technical algorithm based on Neural Networks, is designed to be more robust in performance with respect to tracking speed and precision.〈/p〉 〈p〉Moreover, this new successful technical research, provides a robust neural structure compared to the noisy empirical data used for the prediction of the command. Consequently a smooth control signal without oscillation, targeting exactly the expected optimal control with an independent control of the sampling frequency of the system.〈/p〉 〈p〉This study, which is followed by a simulation, has enabled us to consolidate the idea that the new Neural Network controller when compared to their classical counterparts, and obtains the best performances concerning the speed of tracking and precision.〈/p〉 〈p〉The robustness of the networks of neurons opposite the noise of measurements, like, the smoothness of the power signal of PV system generated during the application of the neuronal order, will qualify this command as a practical alternative to the disadvantages recorded on the levels of the classical methods.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 28 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Data in Brief〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Mingyi Chen, Ouyang Dongxu, Jiahao Liu, Jian Wang〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The data presented in this article are related to research article “Investigation on thermal and fire propagation behaviors of multiple lithium-ion batteries within the package” [1]. This data article provides the data information including the experiment pictures, flame temperatures, pressure and heat flux sensors temperatures, and gas concentrations of 6×6 batteries and 10×10 batteries. The video of the whole thermal and fire propagation behaviors of 6×6 batteries is also provided.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 28 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Data in Brief〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yahaya Gavamukulya, Esther N. Maina, Amos M. Meroka, Hany A. El-Shemy, Gabriel Magoma, Fred Wamunyokoli〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this article, we present data on the anticancer activities of green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from ethanolic extracts of fruits (AgNPs-F) and leaves (AgNPs-L) of 〈em〉Annona muricata〈/em〉 and standard anticancer drug 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) on two cancer cell lines, i.e. cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa cells) and prostate adenocarcinoma (PC3 cells) as well as on an immortalized normal prostate cell line, PNT1A. The cytotoxicity on the cells was determined by measuring the absorbance signal of resazurin dye. It has long been known that metabolically active cells change the resazurin from blue (oxidized) to red (reduced) forms, corresponding to the absorbance signals at a wavelength of 570nm (A570) and 600nm (A600) respectively, from which therefore the effects of any treatments on percentage cell viability/death can be elucidated. The raw data values of the treatments against the HeLa, PC3 and PNT1A cells are shown in the different Tables. Examples of how the data can be analyzed have been illustrated using different growth inhibition curves. The data can be used by academics, students, and researchers working on development of anticancer drugs.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 28 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Data in Brief〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jaeyres Jani, Zainal Arifin Mustapha, Norfazirah Binti Jamal, Cheronie Shely Stanis, Chin Kai Ling, Richard Avoi, Naing Oo Tha, Valentine Gantul, Daisuke Mori, Kamruddin Ahmed〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉A 〈em〉Mycobacterium tuberculosis〈/em〉 strain SBH162 was isolated from a 49-year-old male with pulmonary tuberculosis. GeneXpert MDR/RIF identified the strain as rifampicin-resistant 〈em〉M. tuberculosis〈/em〉. The whole genome sequencing was performed using Illumina HiSeq 4000 system to further investigate and verify the mutation sites of the strain through genetic analyses namely variant calling using bioinformatics tools. The 〈em〉de novo〈/em〉 assembly of genome generated 100 contigs with N50 of 156,381bp. The whole genome size was 4,343,911 bp with G+C content of 65.58% and consisted of 4,306 predicted genes. The mutation site, S450L, for rifampicin resistance was detected in the 〈em〉rpoB〈/em〉 gene. Based on the phylogenetic analysis using the Maximum Likelihood method, the strain was identified as belonging to the Europe America Africa lineage (Lineage 4). The genome dataset has been deposited at DDBJ/ENA/GenBank under the accession number SMOE00000000.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 29 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Data in Brief〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Alexander Matul, Andrea Abelmann, Rainer Gersonde〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉We present an extensive dataset on the modern radiolarian distribution in new samples of the surface sediments from the North Pacific and Bering Sea north of 38°N. Samples came from the RV Sonne cruises SO201-2 and SO202-1 in 2009 within the KALMAR II and INOPEX projects [1], [2]. We have analyzed 46 surface sediment samples from the multicorers following the standard laboratory treatment, preparation of the micropaleontological slides, and counting of the radiolarian tests under the microscope [3], [4]. List of species consists of two hundred eight radiolarian taxa. During the routine counting, we made the microphotographs of radiolarians. Our dataset consists of three data files: 1) coordinates of stations, 2) list of the radiolarian taxa with microphotographs, 3) data on the raw counts of the radiolarian tests per 1 slide, and calculated total radiolarian abundances and taxa percentages.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 28 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Data in Brief〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Hongjia Zhang, Antoine Jérusalem, Enrico Salvati, Chrysanthi Papadaki, Kai Soon Fong, Xu Song, Alexander M. Korsunsky〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Diffraction data were collected using synchrotron X-ray scattering (sXRD) and electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) during 〈em〉in situ〈/em〉 tensile-compressive deformation of Mg alloy AZ31B dogbone samples. The onset and evolution of twinning and detwinning were monitored based on intensity changes in sXRD 2D scattering patterns (which also provided average elastic strain values through the calculation of orientation-specific lattice spacing changes), and EBSD, that revealed the micro-scale grain morphology changes. The observations were interpreted and analysed with the help of crystal plasticity finite element modelling (CP-FEM), as reported in the published article (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijplas.2019.02.018).〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 28 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Data in Brief〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Adnan Amin-Safwan, Mohd Pauzi Mardhiyyah, Mohd Affendi Izzah-Syafiah, Harman Muhd-Farouk, Hidayah Manan, Hairul Hafiz Mahsol, Musa Nadirah, Mhd Ikhwanuddin〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This article investigated how crabs responded to different culture salinities through ovarian maturation stages using combination of external morphology (ovarian coloration and gonadosomatic index), and histological assessment (oocyte structures and diameter sizes). A total of sixty immature crabs were sampled from coastal water of Setiu Wetlands, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia, and were introduced to limb autotomy technique in order to induce molt. Crabs were reared until successfully molted, and leaves prior to hardened shell, before proceed with salinities acclimatization prior to salinity treatments (10, 20 and 30 ppt). Five crabs were randomly selected every 15 days throughout 60-day of culture (Day 15, 30, 45 and 60) for the assessment. The different between each ovarian maturation stages was recorded based on the color appearances, and Kruskal-Wallis analysis were done between gonadosomatic index and oocyte diameter sizes with different salinity treatments. Part of the data is associated with the recent articles [1], [2] and provided here as raw data of Supplementary materials.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 183〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Sofiane Kichou, Nikolaos Skandalos, Petr Wolf〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈p〉Energy management is very important for the effective operation of a hybrid system composed of various energy sources. The present work aims to develop an effective control strategy in order to reduce the grid-maximal contracted power of a hybrid building containing PV systems, combined heat and power (CHP) unit and battery energy storage system (BESS). The proposed solutions (new control strategy and increased PV system size) were carried out based on the analysis of monitored data collected from May 2016 to April 2017 representing the real behaviour of the hybrid system.〈/p〉 〈p〉The obtained results demonstrated the effectiveness of the developed control strategy in decreasing the grid-maximal contracted power from 140 kW to 120 kW and increasing the self-sufficiency of the building. Furthermore, by combining the proposed control strategy and the proposed PV system, the self-sufficiency can be even more increased and the grid-maximal power can be reduced by 30% leading to an annual savings of almost 4000 €/year.〈/p〉 〈p〉Finally, the financial assessment revealed that the payback period of the proposed solution is less than 10 years confirming the profitability of the investment.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 183〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Qiang Wang, Kun Luo, Chunlei Wu, Jianren Fan〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The environment-friendly development of wind power is complicated as the atmospheric impacts of wind farms are difficult to measure. Wind power has made contributions to emission reduction, but it is undeniable that the substantial wind farms (SWFs) have had a non-negligible impact on the local ABL. This paper aims to provide a reliable methodological scheme and practical data for human beings to objectively understand the development of wind power. Based on the data from one of the Chinese gigawatt-scale wind power bases in Zhangbei County of Hebei Province, the mesoscale simulations were conducted to explore the impacts of substantial wind farms on the local and regional atmosphere. The results show that: (i) the impact of substantial wind farms on the local area is significant and sustained, while this impact on the regional area is slight and occasional; (ii) it can bring about the seasonal and diurnal differences in the local ABL property; (iii) it can not only induce the horizontal turbulence directly caused by wind turbine wake flow, but also produce the vertical mixing in the near-surface ABL. A systematic analysis of wind power potential and its atmospheric impact is urgent to ensure sustainable development of wind power.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 183〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Hüseyin. Karaca, Cemil Koyunoğlu, Ali Özdemir, Kenan Ergun〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this work, the liquefaction of coal and biomass with direct liquefaction strategy was explored. The point of liquefaction is both to utilize a greater amount of the current coal and biomass assets all the more productively and to create an alternative liquid fuel to oil. Along these lines, the procedure parameters must be resolved to expand the liquefaction efficiency. In addition, it is proposed to do the liquefaction efficiency, particularly in the reactant conditions, to expand the measure of oil. Process parameters were controlled by utilizing Factorial Experimental Design technique in the liquefaction procedures. The solid/liquid ratio was changed as 1/2-1/4, the catalyst concentration was 2–6%, the temperature was 375–400 °C and the duration was 30–90 min. Starting nitrogen pressure was set at 30 bar, stirring speed was 400 rpm, coal/biomass proportion was settled at 1/1. Tetralin as a solvent and MoO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 as catalyst were utilized. Toward the finish of the liquefaction procedure, the total conversions were computed in view of the acquired non-reactive solid (char). As indicated by the outcomes obtained, the most total conversion (81.9%) was acquired at a solid/liquid proportion of 1/2, a catalyst concentration of 2%, a reaction time of 90 min and a reaction temperature of 400 °C. In light of total conversions and elective liquid fuel (oil) in the given conditions, the solid/liquid ratio should be taken as 1/2, the catalyst concentration is 2%, the reaction time is 30–90 min and the reaction temperature is 400 °C. The lowest reaction time found, in this study, is the innovative solution for reducing co-liquefaction cost preferred.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 187〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Dhivya Sampath Kumar, Anurag Sharma, Dipti Srinivasan, Thomas Reindl〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉With the shift in renewable portfolio standards, conventional fossil-fuel based generators are expected to be partially or fully replaced with renewable energy sources such as photovoltaics (PVs). However, replacing the conventional synchronous generators with PV generators may raise new stability concerns such as lack of inertia, insufficient reactive power and voltage fluctuations, which can jeopardize the reliability of the entire network. In this paper, various impacts of integrating utility-scale PVs and rooftop PVs and replacing the existing conventional generators on the stability of a power network are investigated. Detailed steady state, transient and small signal analyses are conducted on a large test system, namely Texas 2000-bus system for different PV penetration levels. System transients such as line faults, double-line faults, loss of generator, loss of PVs and cloud cover scenarios are simulated to study their impacts on the test system with different PV penetration levels. It is demonstrated from the impact analysis that the benefits of PVs are highly dependent on a spectrum of factors such as node criticality, type, location and penetration of PVs, and type of transients. Furthermore, the influence of battery energy storage system that are generally associated with PVs on the system stability is also discussed.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 187〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Zhengzhi Deng, Chen Wang, Peng Wang, Pablo Higuera, Ruoqian Wang〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉As an example of multipurpose utilization of marine structures, the hydrodynamic performance of an offshore-stationary Oscillating Water Column (OWC) device with an immersed horizontal bottom plate was investigated through both experimental tests and numerical simulations. Based on the open source package OpenFOAM and toolbox waves2Foam, the numerical results were validated by comparing them with experimental data. The effects of the opening ratio (〈em〉a〈/em〉), plate length (〈em〉D〈/em〉), relative opening (〈em〉ε〈/em〉), and water depth on the energy absorption efficiency, transmission coefficient, and energy dissipation coefficient were examined over a wide range of wave conditions. The results show that a relatively long bottom plate and small opening ratio is beneficial for both the energy extraction and wave-damping ability, especially for long waves. Increasing the relative vertical opening considerably improves the performance of multipurpose OWC devices. Moreover, the optimal structure configuration is found for parameters 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si1.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉a〈/mi〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉=〈/mo〉〈mn〉0.65〈/mn〉〈mtext〉%〈/mtext〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉, 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si2.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉D〈/mi〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉=〈/mo〉〈mn〉2〈/mn〉〈mi〉B〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉 (〈em〉B〈/em〉 is the breadth of chamber), and 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si3.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉ε〈/mi〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉=〈/mo〉〈mn〉1〈/mn〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉/〈/mo〉〈mn〉2〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 20 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Data in Brief〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Joseph A. Hakim, Casey D. Morrow, Stephen A. Watts, Asim K. Bej〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉We present high-throughput amplicon sequence (HTS) datasets of the microbial metacommunity DNA of the gut tissue and the gut digesta of naturally occurring (〈em〉n〈/em〉 = 3) and laboratory aquaculture (〈em〉n〈/em〉 = 2) green sea urchins, 〈em〉Lytechinus variegatus.〈/em〉 The HTS datasets were generated on an Illumina MiSeq by targeting the amplicons of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. After the raw sequences were quality checked and filtered, 88% of the sequence reads were subjected to bioinformatics analyses to generate operation taxonomic units (OTUs), which were then verified for saturation by using rarefaction analysis at a 3% sequence variation. Further, the OTUs were randomly subsampled to the minimum sequence count values. Then, the FASTA-formatted representative sequences of the microbiota were assigned taxonomic identities through multiple databases using the SILVA ACT: Alignment, Classification and Tree Service (〈a href="http://www.arb-silva.de/aligner" target="_blank"〉www.arb-silva.de/aligner〈/a〉). The HTS datasets of this metagenome can be accessed from the BioSample Submission Portal (〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/" target="_blank"〉https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/〈/a〉〈u〉)〈/u〉 under the BioProject IDs PRJNA291441 and PRJNA326427.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 187〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Hongping Quan, Pengfei Li, Wenmeng Duan, Liao Chen, Langman Xing〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉With the increasing of oil demand and the decreasing of conventional crude oil production, unconventional crude oil is gaining interest. A flow improver (FI) was synthesized and designed a series of methods for investigating the effect of the flow improver on the asphaltene and resin of two unconventional crude oil samples. Changes in the morphology of the solid samples, as determined by scanning electron microscopy. 〈em〉n〈/em〉-Heptane and alcohol were selected as poor solvents for asphaltene and resin, respectively, to prepare solution samples of different concentrations. The precipitation tendency was judged according to the color change of the solution. Fluorescence microscopy was used to observe the changes in the aggregation morphology of the solution samples before and after FI addition. Solid samples and solution samples were tested by XRD and UV spectrophotometry, respectively. The results consistently showed that the effect of FI on resin was better than that on asphaltene. The effect of asphaltene and resin on the viscosity of crude oil was investigated through the series of studies.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 29 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Data in Brief〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ilya E. Nifant'ev, Andrey V. Shlyakhtin, Maxim A. Kosarev, Pavel D. Komarov, Stanislav G. Karchevsky, Pavel V. Ivchenkoa〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The data presented in this paper are related to the research article entitled "Mechanistic study of transesterification in TBD-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization of methyl ethylene phosphate" [1]. In this data article, we present 3D molecular information of 76 structures for TBD-catalyzed transformations of methyl ethylene phosphate (MeOEP) and trimethyl phosphate (TMP). We also present 3D molecular information for 24 complexes that model the reaction profile of transesterification of poly(MeOEP) and TMP catalyzed by 2,6-di-〈em〉tert〈/em〉-butyl-4-methylphenoxy magnezium species, complementing the article "Mechanistic insights of BHT-Mg-catalyzed ethylene phosphate’s coordination ring-opening polymerization: DFT modeling and experimental data" [2]. The data contains stationary points and transition states (TS) along the first propagation step of MeOEP ring-opening polymerization (ROP) for alternative amide and donor-acceptor mechanisms, initiated by EtOH in the presence of TBD; stationary points and TS for MeOH and HOCH〈sub〉2〈/sub〉CH〈sub〉2〈/sub〉OP(O)(OMe)〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 initiated ROP of MeOEP; and stationary points and TS for transesterification of poly(MeOEP) and TMP. In addition, the data contains stationary points and transition states for the ROP of MeOEP and transesterification of poly(MeOEP) and TMP catalyzed by 2,6-di-〈em〉tert〈/em〉-butylphenoxy magnesium complex. The data are provided in a PDB format that can be used for further studies.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 28 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Data in Brief〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Shaokun He, Shenglian Guo, Kebing Chen, Lele Deng, Zhen Liao, Feng Xiong, Jiabo Yin〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The dataset contains reservoir characteristic parameters, streamflow series of reservoirs in the upper Yangtze River, the standard operating rules (SORs) and the seasonal top of buffer pools (seasonal TBPs) for these reservoirs, which were provided by the Yangtze River Commission. Moreover, annual hydropower of these reservoirs is tested to evaluate operation performance. These research materials are related to the research article in 〈em〉Advances in Water Resources〈/em〉, entitled ‘Optimal impoundment operation for cascade reservoirs coupling parallel dynamic programming with importance sampling and successive approximation’ [1]. The dataset could be used to derive optimal operating rules to explore the potential benefits of water resources via our proposed algorithm (importance sampling – parallel dynamic programming, IS-PDP) in different runoff scenarios. It can also be further applied for water resources management and other potential users.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 28 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Data in Brief〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ibrahim Sadek, Penny Chong, Shafiq Ul Rehman, Yuval Elovici, Alexander Binder〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This article presents a dataset for studying the detection of obfuscated malware in volatile computer memory. Several obfuscated reverse remote shells were generated using Metasploit-Framework, Hyperion, and PEScrambler tools. After compromising the host, Memory snapshots of a Windows 10 virtual machine were acquired using the open-source Rekall's WinPmem acquisition tool. The dataset is complemented by memory snapshots of uncompromised virtual machines. The data includes a reference for all running processes as well as a mapping for the designated malware running inside the memory. The datasets are available in the article, for advancing research towards the detection of obfuscated malware from volatile computer memory during a forensic analysis.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 183〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Hongshan Guo, Yongqiang Luo, Forrest Meggers, Marco Simonetti〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉We can use the concept of exergy to analyze a human body as a heat emitter: while generating heat continuously, the body remains at roughly the same temperature through physiological responses such as shivering, sweating, breathing thus raising/decreasing the core and/or skin temperature to maintain effective heat dissipation. Existing literature provides an estimated exergy consumption rate of the human body ranging from 2 to 5〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si1.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉W〈/mi〉〈mo linebreak="badbreak"〉/〈/mo〉〈msup〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉m〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉2〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈/msup〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉, while nearly unanimously agreeing on a local exergy consumption minima points to potential individual thermal comfort. To clarify the underlying assumptions used in the existing human body exergy models, we analytically and numerically reviewed the terms used for assessing metabolism, radiation, evaporation, and convection exergy changes of the human body in this paper. We observed overestimations of exergy from metabolism, underestimations of exergy change through radiation, and some caveats in the signage of convective exergy losses in the results we obtained. We were also able to propose an improved expression to estimate human body radiation exergy exchanges as well as selecting reference temperatures that are more process-specific. Future studies that provide experimental verification of these models were also deemed necessary.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 183〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Bin Zou, Yiqiang Jiang, Yang Yao, Hongxing Yang〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This work investigated comprehensively the impacts of non-ideal optical factors, including incident angle, sunshape and optical errors on the performance of the parabolic trough collector (PTC). Each optical factor was defined based on their geometrical principles. It was revealed that the heat flux distribution distorted by optical factors was the main cause of changing performance of the PTC. The temperature distribution was completely dependent on the heat flux distribution. The incident angle caused cosine loss and end loss, which respectively reduced the effective incident solar radiation and produced a near-zero heat flux section at one end of the absorber. Based on the effective incident solar radiation, the collector efficiency was reduced by 41.11% with the incident angle increasing from 0° to 60°. Larger circumsolar ratios produced more uniform circumferential temperature distribution, while reduced greatly the collector efficiency. The specularity error and tracking error affected slightly the receiver's safety, while the slope error reduced obviously the threat to the receiver. When specularity error was small enough (〈3 mrad), further improving reflector's specular quality reduced the optical efficiency. The offset direction along X-axis caused the greatest optical loss, and that along positive Y-axis caused local overheating, threatening the receiver's safety.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 183〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ana Paula Soares Dias, Filipe Rego, Frederico Fonseca, Miguel Casquilho, Fátima Rosa, Abel Rodrigues〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈p〉Poplar biomass of nine different genotypes, from short rotation coppice, was pyrolyzed in a fixed bed reactor using several solid catalysts. Pine bark was used as reference for uncatalyzed pyrolysis. Pyrolysis tests were performed for temperatures in the range 425–500 °C, selected from the thermal degradation profiles obtained by thermogravimetry under N〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 flow. All the analyzed poplar genotypes showed similar pyrolysis behavior, with the highest bio-oil yield (53% average value) being obtained for the highest tested temperature (500 °C). In analogous conditions, the pine bark resulted in higher bio-char yields than poplar biomass, due to its larger lignin content.〈/p〉 〈p〉Catalyzed pyrolysis carried out at 500 °C using 10% of catalyst (W〈sub〉cat〈/sub〉/W〈sub〉biomass〈/sub〉) for H-ZSM5 and FCC (spent catalyst from Fluid Catalytic Cracking unit) zeolites, and Mg and Na carbonates, showed improved gasification with slightly lower liquid production. The FCC catalyst promoted the lowest depreciation of bio-oil yield with the highest decrease of acid functional groups. All the used catalysts were effective to lessen the acidic components of the produced bio-oils thus having a beneficial effect on the pyrolysis liquid products.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 183〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Wenjun Duan, Yunke Gao, Qingbo Yu, Tianwei Wu, Zhimei Wang〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The high quality waste heat recovery of the molten blast furnace slag was necessary and urgent. In this paper, the flow characteristic of the molten slag reactor was investigated by numerical simulation. Firstly, the three-dimensional model was established for investigating the gas-liquid two-phase flow. The gas-liquid flow was modeled to be turbulent, which was described by the RNG 〈em〉k-ε〈/em〉 model, and the interface of gas and liquid was conducted by the VOF model. Secondly, the top-submerged cold experiment system was constructed to validate the accuracy of the simulation model. Thirdly, the bubble behavior, gas phase distribution and molten slag motion were investigated. The bubble in the reactor would go through five stages and the maximum gas fraction reached about 4.87% at 0.75s. Meanwhile, the gas phase distribution and molten slag motion were closely related to the bubble behavior. Ultimately, the matrix analysis method was applied to obtain the optimal parameters of the reactor. The optimal condition improved the flow behavior in the molten BFS reactor significantly. The present results of the simulation provided an insight for the gas-liquid two-phase flow in molten slag reactor, which would provide the theoretical guidance for industrial applications.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 183〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Wu Xiao, Kaifeng Wang, Xiaobin Jiang, Xiangcun Li, Xuemei Wu, Ze Hao, Gaohong He〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉A simultaneous optimization approach for heat exchanger network (HEN) synthesis and detailed shell-and-tube heat exchanger (HE) design including phase changes is proposed based on a genetic/simulated annealing algorithm (GA/SA). Firstly, a model for HEN synthesis considering utility HEs with phase change is established by combining the improved stage-wise superstructure model of HEN synthesis with non-isothermal mixing of splits and detailed design models of HEs involving phase change, the minimum total annual cost accounting for pumping cost is set as the key objective. Secondly, two alternative connection schemes for HEs, which are referred to as one-stream series-wound and one-stream parallel in the stage-wise superstructure of the HEN, were applied. Thirdly, a simultaneous optimization strategy is proposed. Required areas of HEs obtained by stage-wise superstructure, overall heat-transfer coefficients and pressure drops based on the dimension parameters of HEs are used to connect HEN synthesis and the detailed design of each HE. Finally, a flowchart of optimization procedures using GA/SA was presented to solve the problem, and an inner iterative loop of the area of HE is used to guarantee the feasibility of the solution. Two examples results are used to illustrate the availability of the proposed model and algorithm.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 183〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jibin Yang, Xiaohui Xu, Yiqiang Peng, Jiye Zhang, Pengyun Song〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this paper, a tramway's system model is established to evaluate its longitudinal dynamics performance, where the model includes multiple masses point connecting together powered by the catenary and a hybrid energy-storage system which consists of a battery pack and ultracapacitor pack. To explore an optimal or appropriate real-time power distribution among these energy sources, a dual fuzzy logic control-based energy management strategy combined with wavelet transform and multi-objective optimization is proposed. The control parameters of the dual fuzzy logic controller are adjusted using a multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm while considering the daily operating cost of the tramway. To verify the effectiveness and validity of the proposed model and energy management strategy, its simulation results are further compared and verified with the field experimental results of a real tramway and a real driving cycle in China.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 183〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ahmed K. Abbas, Ali A. Bashikh, Hayder Abbas, Haider Q. Mohammed〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈p〉Lost circulation is one of the frequent challenges encountered during the drilling of oil and gas wells. It is detrimental because it can not only increase non-productive time and operational cost but also lead to other safety hazards such as wellbore instability, pipe sticking, and blow out. However, selecting the most effective treatment may still be regarded as an ill-structured issue since it does not have a unique solution. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop an expert system that can screen drilling operation parameters and drilling fluid characteristics required to diagnose the lost circulation problem correctly and suggest the most appropriate solution for the issue at hand.〈/p〉 〈p〉In the first step, field datasets were collected from 385 wells drilled in Southern Iraq from different fields. Then, 〈em〉f〈/em〉scaret package in R environment was applied to detect the importance and ranking of the input parameters that affect the lost circulation solution. The new models were developed to predict the lost circulation solution for vertical and deviated wells using artificial neural networks (ANNs) and support vector machine (SVM). The using of the machine learning methods could assist the drilling engineer to make an intelligent decision with proper corrective lost circulation treatment.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Data in Brief, Volume 26〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Natal Henrique Cordeiro, Emerson Carlos Pedrino〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This paper presents in detail the methodology for the detection and tracking of dynamic objects from the article in press (A new methodology applied to dynamic object detection and tracking systems for visually impaired people [1]). In order to validate this methodology, four different architectures have been designed in this paper. These architectures have implemented the techniques of pattern recognition, optical flow, background subtraction and color tracking to enable comparison and to see which is the most appropriate in a given environment. In this paper we also present a method created to quantify the effectiveness of each architecture implemented.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 21 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Data in Brief〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Riccardo Mel, Luca Carniello, Luigi D'Alpaos〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈p〉This data article includes the dataset of wind setup in the Venice lagoon computed by means of a 2-D hydrodynamic model. The capability of the model to reproduce the hydrodynamic regime of the lagoon has been extensively investigated, with particular attention to the calibration of the wind shear stress at the water surface, in order to precisely characterize the contribute of wind setup on the water level estimation inside the lagoon.〈/p〉 〈p〉We analyze the wind setup induced considering all the reliable wind speeds (with step of 1 m/s) and wind directions (with step of 30°) potentially blowing over the Venice lagoon, comparing the results obtained considering the present not-regulated configuration of the lagoon (pre-Mo.S.E. scenario) to the regulated configuration (post-Mo.S.E. scenario), which refers to the hydrodynamic regime when the Mo.S.E. movable barriers will be operational. The analysis shows that the wind setup significantly increases when the gates at the three inlets of the Venice lagoon are regulated, up to exceeding four times the pre-Mo.S.E. scenario. We deem this result is of paramount importance for the management of the Mo.S.E. barriers and for the definition of their operating strategy aiming at preventing the flooding at all the urban settlements of the lagoon.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 22 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Data in Brief〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Dalia Daggag, Jovian Lazare, Tandabany Dinadayalane〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this data article, M06-2X/6-31G(d) level optimized geometries of complexes of tyrosine conformers binding with graphene sheets are shown in top and side views with selected non-bonding distances. The images of frontier molecular orbitals from HOMO-15 to LUMO+15 of the complexes involving graphene with tyrosine conformers are presented and the isovalue is 0.003 au. For some complexes involving small graphene, the orbitals are from HOMO-5 to LUMO+5. The molecular orbitals highlighted with frames show obvious overlaps between the fragments. Total energies of small and large graphene (〈strong〉G〈/strong〉〈sub〉〈strong〉S〈/strong〉〈/sub〉 and 〈strong〉G〈/strong〉〈sub〉〈strong〉L〈/strong〉〈/sub〉) and selected tyrosine conformers in gas and aqueous phases obtained at M06-2X/6-31G(d) level are given. The data also include total energies of all complexes in the gas phase and the aqueous phase, binding energies, BSSE (basis set superposition error) correction, and BSSE-corrected binding energies in gas phase and solvation effect on the binding energies obtained at M06-2X/6-31G(d) level. Mulliken charges of tyrosine conformers in gas and aqueous phases, and the deformation energy for tyrosine and graphene in the gas phase complexes are provided. The values of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and HOMO-LUMO energy gaps for some of graphene-tyrosine complexes that were not reported in the article [1] are given. The data is related to the research article “Conformation dependence of tyrosine binding on the surface of graphene: Bent prefers over parallel orientation” [1].〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 21 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Data in Brief〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Luis Andrés Leal, Dayana Donneys-Victoria, Fiderman Machuca-Martínez〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈p〉Electrocoagulation consists of the in-situ generation of the coagulant by the electro dissolution of sacrificial electrodes (Mg and Al). This technique, besides being normally used for water treatment, can be used to synthesize Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH) or Hydrotalcites (HT) such as green rust, MgAlCl/LDH, and other oxides as Magnetite. The HT has a high tendency for water in the interlayer to be replaced by anions, these exchange characteristics generate a high interest in the fields of drug administration, photodegradation, catalyst supports, supercapacitors, and water oxidation. There are several routes of synthesis for these compounds such as co-precipitation, hydrolysis of urea, hydrothermal treatment and a novel route by electrocoagulation (EC).〈/p〉 〈p〉This work discloses the data of the energy consumption at laboratory-scale production in the synthesis of hydrotalcite (HT) or Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH) by electrocoagulation, the values obtained through these experiments are intended to provide support due to the lack of information on the energy consumption of this novel production method. Aluminum and AZ31 electrodes were used as a cations source during two- and four-hours operation, at 50 °C with 5 mA cm〈sup〉−2〈/sup〉 of current density, and 5 minutes of polarity change for Aluminum and 8 minutes for AZ31 (Magnesium alloy).〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 187〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Farzad Jaliliantabar, Barat Ghobadian, Gholamhassan Najafi, Rizalman Mamat, Antonio Paolo Carlucci〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this study an exhaust gas recirculation system was developed for a small single cylinder 4-stroke engine. Then the mathematical models to correlate responses as the engine emissions and performance characteristics to the factors, include engine load, engine speed, EGR rate and biodiesel fuel percent, were developed. Finally, by using the developed models and NSGA-II (Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II) method, the factors were optimized. The highest decrease in 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si1.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈msub〉〈mrow〉〈mtext〉NO〈/mtext〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mtext〉x〈/mtext〉〈/mrow〉〈/msub〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉 emissions while using the biodiesel and EGR is 63.76% with B10 fuel blend (10% biodiesel fuel and 90% diesel fuel blend by volume) and 30% EGR rate. The highest reduction in HC emission levels while using EGR and biodiesel simultaneously, has been 54.05%. The adjusted R〈sup〉2〈/sup〉 of the proposed model for the CO, HC, NOx, Power, BSFC and smoke were 0.94, 0.91, 0.88, 0.95, 0.89 and 0.94, respectively. Results of the optimization of the engine factors with NSGA-II method has been satisfactory and the pareto front for different test conditions was proposed. The outcomes of the study revealed that the optimization should be taken into account in the development of the new policy for using of the biofuel in the internal combustion engines.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 187〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Bo Yang, Jingbo Wang, Yiyan Sang, Lei Yu, Hongchun Shu, Shengnan Li, Tingyi He, Lei Yang, Xiaoshun Zhang, Tao Yu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This paper develops a novel passive fractional-order sliding-mode control (PFOSMC) of a supercapacitor energy storage (SCES) system in microgrid with distributed generators. Firstly, a storage function is constructed and thoroughly analysed to investigate the inherent physical characteristics of SCES systems. Then, the beneficial terms are carefully retained for the sake of transient responses improvement, while the other detrimental terms are fully removed to achieve a globally control consistency. In order to further enhance the robustness of the closed-loop system, a fractional-order sliding-mode control (FOSMC) framework is synthesized as an additional input, which employs the fractional-order 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si1.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="bold"〉P〈/mi〉〈msup〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="bold"〉D〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mi mathvariant="bold-italic"〉α〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/msup〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉 sliding surface as well as an energy reshaping mechanism to realize a more flexible control performance. Four case studies, including (a) Active power and reactive power supply, (b) System restoration under power grid fault, (c) Power support under stochastic solar energy and wind energy integration, and (d) Robustness with system parameter uncertainties, are carried out to study the control performance of PFOSMC compared to that of PID control, interconnection and damping assignment passivity-based control (IDA-PBC), and FOSMC, Finally, a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experiment using dSpace platform is undertaken to validate its implementation feasibility.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 187〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Anna Crivellari, Valerio Cozzani, Ibrahim Dincer〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In the current context of global energy transition, the coupling of methanol production with offshore oil & gas operations appears to be a promising option to share infrastructures and convert renewable energy into valuable fuel. However, renewable methanol synthesis has not yet reached the commercial stage. Moreover, there is no evidence on studies integrating offshore multiple resources into methanol process. The novelty of this paper is a performance analysis of emerging routes for methanol production driven by offshore wind-solar energies through exergy and exergoeconomic techniques. Two production schemes (catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide and direct radical oxidation of methane) are properly designed to produce a fixed methanol rate driven by offshore wind farm and solar-thermal plants at a given oil & gas rig. The results demonstrate that carbon dioxide-based route shows the lowest exergy destruction rate (66 MW) and total cost rate (1000 $/h) compared to other option. In conjunction with this, the methane-based route gives a satisfactory exergy efficiency of 87% against a mere 2% of other pathway, as well as higher potential to increase cost savings due to lower exergoeconomic factor. Furthermore, influences of varying some key variables on the proposed parameters of the two options are investigated.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 187〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Peng Jiang, Ashak Mahmud Parvez, Yang Meng, Meng-xia Xu, Tian-chi Shui, Cheng-gong Sun, Tao Wu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The indirect steam gasification of biomass to olefins (IDBTO) coupled with CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 utilization was proposed and simulated. Energy and exergy efficiencies, net CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 emissions, and economic evaluation were performed against IDBTO as well as the direct oxygen-steam gasification of biomass to olifins (DBTO). The influences of unreacted gas recycling fraction (RU) and CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 to dry biomass mass ratio (CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉/B) on the thermodynamic performance of the processes were also studied. The results showed that the yields of olefins of DBTO and IDBTO were 17 wt% and 19 wt%, respectively, the overall energy and exergy efficiencies of the IDBTO were around 49% and 44%, which were 8% and 7% higher than those of the DBTO process, respectively. A higher RU was found favor higher energy and exergy efficiencies for both routes. Besides, for the IDBTO process, it is found that the addition of CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 to gasification system led to an improvement in both energy efficiency and exergy efficiency by around 1.6%. Moreover, life-cycle net CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 emission was predicted to be −4.4 kg CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 eq./kg olefins for IDBTO, while for DBTO, it was −8.7 kg CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 eq./kg. However, the quantitative economic performance of IDBTO was superior to that of the DBTO process.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 19 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Data in Brief〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Camilo Montes, Andres Felipe Rodriguez-Corcho, German Bayona, Natalia Hoyos, Sebastian Zapata, Agustin Cardona〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This contribution contains a GPlates digital reconstruction of the northern Andes and southern Caribbean margin for the last 90 Ma. It is built using different strain datasets fully described in “Continental Margin Response to Multiple Arc-Continent Collisions: the Northern Andes-Caribbean Margin” [1]. Two digital reconstructions are included here: one is a rigid block reconstruction, and the other is a continuously closing polygon reconstruction digitized every one -million years. We placed the South and North American plates at the root of the reconstruction tree, so that the Andean blocks move with respect to the former, and the Caribbean Plate, and related intra-oceanic arcs with respect to the latter. These reconstructions can be used as templates to place in palinspastic space any dataset that can be represented by lines or points.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 19 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Data in Brief〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Han Liu, Peng Li, Jin Liu, Ziqi Lu, Ping Tang, Zhaojia Li, Baoqin Lin〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The data presented herein are related to the research article entitled “Danhong Huayu Koufuye prevents venous thrombosis through antiinflammation via Sirtuin 1/NF-κB signaling pathway” [1]. This article describes the effect of Danhong Huayu Koufuye (DHK) on thrombus weight and blood coagulation indexes at the early and late stages of inferior vena cava stenosis-induced deep vein thrombosis in rats. In addition, the effect of DHK on blood cell counts and whole blood viscosity at the early stage were presented. The field dataset is made publicly available to enable critical or extended analyses.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 19 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Data in Brief〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jorge Parraga-Alava, Kevin Cusme, Angélica Loor, Esneider Santander〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this article we introduce a 〈em〉robusta〈/em〉 coffee leaf images dataset called RoCoLe. The dataset contains 1560 leaf images with visible red mites and spots (denoting coffee leaf rust presence) for infection cases and images without such structures for healthy cases. In addition, the data set includes annotations regarding objects (leaves), state (healthy and unhealthy) and the severity of disease (leaf area with spots). Images were all obtained in real-world conditions in the same coffee plants field using a smartphone camera. RoCoLe data set facilitates the evaluation of the performance of machine learning algorithms used in image segmentation and classification problems related to plant diseases recognition. The current dataset is freely and publicly available at 〈a href="https://doi.org/10.17632/c5yvn32dzg.2" target="_blank"〉https://doi.org/10.17632/c5yvn32dzg.2〈/a〉.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 19 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Data in Brief〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): S. Ghisaura, R. Melis, G. Biosa, D. Pagnozzi, H. Slavski, S. Uzzau, R. Anedda, M.F. Addis〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈p〉We report the proteomic dataset of livers from 〈em〉Sparus aurata〈/em〉 exposed to low temperature during growth. Gilthead sea bream juveniles were reared in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS) and exposed to a temperature ramp made of two phases of four weeks each: a Cooling phase from 18 °C (t0) to 11 °C (t1) and a Cold Maintenance phase at 11 °C (t1-t2) in a 8 week feeding trial. At the end of the experiment, sea bream livers were collected and analyzed with a shotgun proteomics approach based on filter-aided sample preparation followed by tandem mass spectrometry, peptide identification carried out using Sequest-HT as search engine within the Proteome Discoverer informatic platform, and label-free differential analysis.〈/p〉 〈p〉The mass spectrometry data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository with the dataset identifier PXD011059 [1], [2], [3]. The dataset described here is also related to the research article entitled “Liver proteomics of gilthead sea bream (〈em〉Sparus aurata〈/em〉) exposed to cold stress” [4].〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 19 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Data in Brief〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Maria João Rodrigues, Ivo Monteiro, Chloé Placines, Viana Castañeda-Loaiza, Sylwester Ślusarczyk, Adam Matkowski, Catarina Pereira, Pedro Pousão-Ferreira, Luísa Custódio〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This data article includes data and analyses on the effect of different agronomic techniques on the production of 〈em〉Polygonum maritimu〈/em〉m L. (sea knotgrass), namely different salinity irrigation treatments (0, 100, 200, 300 and 600 mM of NaCl) and a multi-harvest regime, and their relation with the chemical profile (ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry - UHRMS), 〈em〉in vitro〈/em〉 antioxidant [radical-scavenging activity (RSA) of DPPH and ABTS, copper chelating activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power] and anti-inflammatory (nitric oxide reduction on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages) activities. For further interpretation of the data presented in this work, please see the related research article “The irrigation salinity and harvesting affect the growth, chemical profile and biological activities of 〈em〉Polygonum maritimum〈/em〉 L.” (Rodrigues et al., 2019).〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 187〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Kevin S. Kung, Ahmed F. Ghoniem〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Drying is a crucial process in many thermochemical processes for bioenergy. However, most existing drying models often have the following shortcomings: they are feedstock-dependent, or they are unable to describe the spatial inhomogeneity that often develops within thermally thick biomass particles under higher temperature gradients. In this paper, a multi-scale analysis was undertaken on the dynamics of drying thermally thick biomass under high temperatures, based on a new physical drying kinetics approach that is independent on feedstock-specific empirical parameters. A single-particle approach was then layered onto this kinetics model to understand how the spatially inhomogeneous moisture and temperature profiles inside a biomass particle evolve over time during drying. This process generates predicted temperature and drying time profiles that were successfully validated against experimental data. Subsequently, the impact on drying by various factors—particle size, geometry, initial moisture content, and reactor temperature—was studied. These observations were used to consider the design choices of a commercial-scale dryer, highlighting the key trade-offs, as well as optimized combinations of temperature and particle size that minimizes the operating cost. The approach described in this paper can be readily integrated into other mathematical descriptions of bioenergy conversion processes such as gasification and combustion.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 187〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Tim Conroy, Maurice N. Collins, Ronan Grimes〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉A variety of tube materials and geometries are considered in an analysis that identifies suitable sodium receiver designs for integration with next-generation thermodynamic power cycles. Sodium is capable of delivering outlet temperatures of 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si1.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉〉〈/mo〉〈msup〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉750〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉∘〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/msup〉〈mi〉C〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉, however the net power output diminishes with rising temperatures due to tube material limitations on allowable flux density and increasing heat losses. Small tube diameters facilitate large thermal efficiencies and heat fluxes for all materials, however a large pressure drop penalty can somewhat mitigate these advantages. Traditional heat exchanger alloys perform quite poorly in comparison to Inconel 617 and Haynes 230, with allowable heat flux decreasing significantly as temperatures are increased beyond 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si2.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈msup〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉600〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉∘〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/msup〉〈mi〉C〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉. Multi-pass concepts offer greater control of flow-path exposure to the heat flux boundary condition than straightforward single-pass designs. A triple-panel design with small diameter Inconel 617 tubes balances thermal, hydraulic, and mechanical performance most effectively across all temperatures. For all candidate materials, sodium can augment power plant efficiency when integrated with a high temperature cycle (〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si3.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉〉〈/mo〉〈msup〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉600〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉∘〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/msup〉〈mi〉C〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉). A combined receiver and power cycle efficiency percentage point improvement of 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si4.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉1.5〈/mn〉〈mtext〉%〈/mtext〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉 is possible using 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si5.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉N〈/mi〉〈mi〉i〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉-based superalloys at 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si6.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉∼〈/mo〉〈mn〉650〈/mn〉〈mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after"〉−〈/mo〉〈msup〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉700〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉∘〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/msup〉〈mi〉C〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉 compared to a baseline outlet temperature of 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si7.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈msup〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉550〈/mn〉〈/mrow〉〈mrow〉〈mo〉∘〈/mo〉〈/mrow〉〈/msup〉〈mi〉C〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉, resulting in a solar-to-electric power output increase of over 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si8.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mn〉4〈/mn〉〈mtext〉%〈/mtext〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 187〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Nor Erniza Mohammad Rozali, Wai Shin Ho, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Zainuddin Abdul Manan, Jiří Jaromír Klemeš, Jing Shenn Cheong〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The hybrid power system (HPS) that integrates diesel/biodiesel plant with renewable energy (RE) technologies has become increasingly popular to alleviate greenhouse gases emissions issue of the sole diesel/biodiesel power system. Integrated diesel-RE power system offers cleaner power supply while minimising cost of diesel fuel and diesel system maintenance. The use of Power Pinch Analysis (PoPA) method for the integration of diesel plants and RE systems into HPS with the objective to minimise fuel requirement and operational time of diesel generator has been presented. This work aims to achieve the same objective via probability theory utilisation, to simplify the PoPA procedure involving the matching of various routes for power flows. The extended technique called the Probability-Power Pinch Analysis (P-PoPA) can give accurate results as those established from the PoPA method within a shorter analysis time because it replaces the tedious manual matching step with correction factors. All probable routes of power from RE and diesel generators to demands are considered in computing the correction factors, in order to target the minimum diesel power in the integrated system. The result of a Case Study demonstrates that 19% saving in diesel fuel consumption can be realised if the present diesel station is supported with renewable solar power in an HPS. The result of the P-PoPA method is accurate with a very minor deviation to that from the conventional PoPA technique.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 187〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Monaaf D.A. Al-Falahi, Shantha D.G. Jayasinghe, Hossein Enshaei〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The move towards electrification of marine vessels enables the development of more efficient vessels by reducing fuel consumption and emissions. This includes incorporating electrical energy sources, storage systems and interfacing power electronic converters which increase system complexity. Therefore, an accurate and efficient power management system (PMS) is essential to achieve the optimum operation. This study aims to develop a novel hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm-based PMS for the fuel savings of hybrid electric ferries. The ferry power system used in this study comprises two diesel generator sets and a battery storage system. The proposed hybrid PMS method applies an interactive approach on the basis of a grey wolf optimizer (GWO) and fuzzy expert system to improve the computational efficiency of the algorithm. Measured load data from an existing short-haul ferry are used in the simulation under two load scenarios: normal and high load demands. The proposed fuzzy logic-grey wolf optimizer (FL-GWO) aims to minimize the operating cost of the proposed system while satisfying all operational and technical constraints of the ferry. Results show that the proposed FL-GWO provided a more accurate optimal solution set with less standard deviation than the GWO. The proposed method realized up to 3.14% and 1.81% fuel savings in normal- and high-load scenarios, respectively, compared with GWO. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis indicates that charging the battery from the onboard generators in a more uniform rate over the entire cruising period reduces the fuel consumption.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S036054421931607X-egi10JVZ5T057D.jpg" width="278" alt="Image 105057" title="Image 105057"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Data in Brief, Volume 25〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Aldobenedetto Zotti, Simona Zuppolini, Anna Borriello, Mauro Zarrelli〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The following data describe the thermal properties of two different typologies of Hyperbranched Polymers (HBPs): the first one is a polyester (HBPG – Hyperbranched Polymer Glassy) with a glass transition temperature (T〈sub〉g〈/sub〉) higher than room temperature (∼90 °C) whereas the second one is a polyamide ester (HBPR – Hyperbranched Polymer Rubbery) characterized by T〈sub〉g〈/sub〉 of about 20 °C. The nanocomposites manufactured using these HBPs as filler were characterized using Optical Microscopy and Differential Scanning Calorimetry. The raw data for the evaluation of fracture toughness properties are reported for the listed materials. This article provides data related to “The effect of Glassy and Rubbery Hyperbranched Polymers as Modifiers in Epoxy Aeronautical Systems” (Zotti et al.).〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 20 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Data in Brief〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Sangyeob Lee, Jiseong Jang, Kyung Soo Cho, Yong-Jun Oh, Ki-Ha Hong, Choong-Heui Chung〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The authors have recently reported silver nanowire based Cu(In,Ga)Se〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 solar cells [1], [2]. Metal mesh based transparent electrodes other than the silver nanowire can be also employed or have a potential to provide a better performance for the solar cells. To select a suitable electrode for a solar cell among metal meshes, it is required to have data on the lateral collection length of charge carriers in the targeted cell. The method to determine the lateral collection has been reported in our previous publication [3]. Here, we report data on the effect of the light intensity during pre-white-light soaking on the lateral charge collection length for metal mesh transparent electrode based Cu(In,Ga)Se〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 solar cells.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 21 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Data in Brief〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ruoyu Ma, Jianbo Yang, Steven Kelley, Benjamin W. Gung〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The shared data is the unpublished portion of the experimental section for the article with the title “NHC–Au(I) catalyzed enantioselective intramolecular [4 + 3] cycloaddition of furan propargyl esters”.[1] The preparation of the intermediates for chiral NHC-gold(I) complexes and the furan propargyl ester substrates are included in this article. The 〈sup〉1〈/sup〉H NMR and 〈sup〉13〈/sup〉C NMR spectra of the gold complexes 〈strong〉17a-19c〈/strong〉 and the X-ray crystal data of 〈strong〉17a〈/strong〉, 〈strong〉18a〈/strong〉 and cycloaddition product 〈strong〉24〈/strong〉 are also provided in this article or in Mendeley Data. Finally, the chiral HPLC spectra used to determine enantiomeric excess and Cartesian coordinates of the optimized structure of 〈strong〉25〈/strong〉 and 〈strong〉26〈/strong〉 calculated by DFT calculation are also presented in the article.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 20 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Data in Brief〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Sourav Saha, Lewis A. Owen, Elizabeth N. Orr, Marc W. Caffee〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉A comprehensive analysis of the variable temporal and spatial responses of tropical-subtropical high-altitude glaciers to climate change is critical for successful model predictions and environmental risk assessment in the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen. High-frequency Holocene glacier chronostratigraphies are therefore reconstructed in 79 glaciated valleys across the orogen using 519 published and 16 new terrestrial cosmogenic 〈sup〉10〈/sup〉Be exposure age dataset. Published 〈sup〉10〈/sup〉Be ages are compiled only for moraine boulders (excluding bedrock ages). These ages are recalculated using the latest ICE-D production rate calibration database and the scaling scheme models. Outliers for the individual moraine are detected using the Chauvenet's criterion. In addition, past equilibrium-line altitudes (ELAs) are determined using the area-altitude (AA), area accumulation ratio (AAR), and toe-headwall accumulation ratio (THAR) methods for each glacier advance. The modern maximum elevations of lateral moraines (MELM) are also used to estimate modern ELAs and as an independent check on mean ELAs derived using the above three methods. These data may serve as an essential archive for future studies focusing on the cryospheric and environmental changes in the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen. A more comprehensive analysis of the published and new 〈sup〉10〈/sup〉Be ages and ELA results and an exhaustive list of references are presented in Saha et al. (2019, High-frequency Holocene glacier fluctuations in the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen. Quaternary Science Reviews).〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 20 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Data in Brief〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Olga Bukato, Olga Pobeguts, Daria Rakitina, Julia Baikova, Ivan Butenko, Artemy Silantyev, Gleb Fisunov, Vadim Govorun〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Crohn's disease (CD) is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IDB). The endoscopic picture of Crohn's disease includes thickened submucosa, transmural inflammation, fissuring ulceration, and non-caseating granulomas. Intestinal microbiome dysbiosis has been described systematically in patients with IBD. In recent decades it was detailed that 〈em〉Escherichia coli〈/em〉, especially adherent-invasive 〈em〉E. coli〈/em〉 (AIEC) pathotype, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD, including Crohn's disease [1]. In comparison with commensal strains of 〈em〉E. coli〈/em〉, AIEC strains have a large adhesive-invasive potential therefore its surface composition is of great interest. We presented a dataset of the membrane proteins of strains isolated from patients with Crohn's disease. From the set of 〈em〉Escherichia coli〈/em〉 isolated from Crohn's disease patients [2] we chose three isolates with strongest AIEC pathotype. We performed proteome-wide LC-MS analysis of membrane fraction of this isolates after invasion or adhesion-invasion to human intestinal CaCo-2 cell line and prior to this (control). The data including LC-MS/MS raw files and exported MaxQuant search results with fasta files were deposited to the PRIDE repository project accession PXD014250.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Data in Brief, Volume 26〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): H. Correa, Alvaro Garcia Muriel, D. Peña Lara〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Using the ac-calorimetry technique and the electric modulus formalism for analysis of ionic conductivity relaxation in crystalline 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si2.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉γ〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉-RbAg〈sub〉4〈/sub〉I〈sub〉5〈/sub〉, close to the 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si2.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉γ〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉 to 〈math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si3.svg"〉〈mrow〉〈mi〉β〈/mi〉〈/mrow〉〈/math〉 phase transition at 120 K, the temperature derivative of microscopic interaction energy for a single-mobile ion is proportional to the specific heat. The two different experimental techniques show that cooperative behavior drives the phase transition at 120 K (obey the same mechanism).〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 21 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Data in Brief〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Tati Suryati Syamsudin, Hafsah Hafsah, Iriawati〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This data informs about the profile of volatile compound of coffee flower (Coffee arabica) from different locations with different annual rainfall by using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The volatile compounds were captured by solid phase micro extraction (SPME) methods. The extract then subjected to GC-MS for separation and identification of compounds. The profile of volatile compound was provided in, Table 1, Table 2, Tables 3 and 4.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 187〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Michael Tang, Jia-Cheng Chang, S. Rajesh Kumar, Shingjiang Jessie Lue〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this work, the effect of electrolyte composition was evaluated on lithium-oxygen (Li–O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉) battery using carbon cloth air electrode. Seven ether-based solvents were measured for their conductivity, viscosity, contact angle and decomposition temperature. The results were compiled with other physical properties to screen potential solvents for future testing. Diglyme and tetraglyme were identified and each of them was individually mixed with one of four lithium salts, yielding eight combinations of electrolytes. These electrolytes were assembled into Li–O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 batteries and the voltage and capacity data were recorded during cycling discharge/charge test. The effects of organic electrolyte physical properties on the battery impedance and cyclic life were discussed. Among the eight electrolytes, lithium bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonimide (LiTFSI) in tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (tetraglyme) resulted in the longest cyclic life at a discharge capacity cutoff of 2000 mAh g〈sub〉Pt〈/sub〉〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 than other compositions. This performance may be ascribed to the electrolyte's high conductivity, sufficient viscosity and suitable contact angle with the air electrode.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 187〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Alain Ulazia, Jon Sáenz, Gabriel Ibarra-Berastegi, Santos J. González-Rojí, Sheila Carreno-Madinabeitia〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The literature typically considers constant annual average air density when computing the wind energy potential of a given location. In this work, the recent reanalysis ERA5 is used to obtain global seasonal estimates of wind energy production that include seasonally varying air density. Thus, errors due to the use of a constant air density are quantified. First, seasonal air density changes are studied at the global scale. Then, wind power density errors due to seasonal air density changes are computed. Finally, winter and summer energy production errors due to neglecting the changes in air density are computed by implementing the power curve of the National Renewable Energy Laboratorys 5 MW turbine. Results show relevant deviations for three variables (air density, wind power density, and energy production), mainly in the middle-high latitudes (Hudson Bay, Siberia, Patagonia, Australia, etc.). Locations with variations from −6% to 6% are identified from summers to winters in the Northern Hemisphere. Additionally, simulations with the aeroelastic code FAST for the studied turbine show that instantaneous power production can be affected by greater than 20% below the rated wind speed if a day with realistically high or low air density values is compared for the same turbulent wind speed.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 187〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jianghui Luo, Chun Zou, Yizhuo He, Huixiang Jing, Sizhe Cheng〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The characteristics and mechanism of NO formation during pyridine oxidation in O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉/CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 atmospheres are investigated both experimentally and numerically. Comparison experiments in O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉/N〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 and O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉/CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 atmospheres are performed in a flow reactor at atmospheric pressure covering fuel-rich to fuel-lean equivalence ratios with temperature ranging from 773 K to 1573 K. Experimental results indicated that HCN is completely consumed in CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 atmospheres, whereas significant amounts remain in N〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 atmospheres under fuel-rich conditions. Compared with O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉/N〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 atmospheres, the formation of NO in O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉/CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 atmospheres is reduced by 8.85% and 5.8% under stoichiometric and fuel-lean conditions respectively, whereas it is 5.15% greater under fuel-rich conditions. A newly developed chemical kinetic mechanism based on our previous studies satisfactorily reproduced the main features of CO, HCN, and NO formation. The conversion differences of pyridine to NO between O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉/CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 and O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉/N〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 atmospheres are mainly due to the differences of conversion of HCN to NO. The conversion ratio discrepancies of pyridine to HCN are all less than 2%. The conversion ratios of HCN to NO in O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉/N〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 and O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉/CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 atmospheres are 7.2% and 15.6% under fuel-rich conditions, 65.3% and 57.4% under stoichiometric conditions, and 83.5% and 76.3% under fuel-lean conditions, respectively.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 187〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Mohammad H. Shams, Majid Shahabi, Mohsen Kia, Alireza Heidari, Mohamed Lotfi, Miadreza Shafie-khah, João P.S. Catalão〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Microgrids are often designed as energy systems that supply electrical and thermal loads with local resources such as combined heat and power units, renewable energy sources, diesel generators, and others. However, increasing interaction between natural gas and electrical systems, in addition to increased penetration of natural gas fired units gives rise to both opportunities and challenges in microgrid operation scheduling. In this paper, the energy hub concept is used to construct a scenario-based model for the optimal scheduling of electrical and thermal resources in a microgrid with integrated electrical and natural gas infrastructures. The objective function of the proposed model minimizes the expected operation costs while considering all network constraints and uncertainties. The natural gas and electricity flow equations are linearized and formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming problem. Scenarios associated with stochastic variables such as renewable generation and electrical and thermal loads are generated using the corresponding probability distribution functions and reduced using a scenario reduction technique. The proposed model is applied to an energy hub-based microgrid and the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach. Furthermore, the benefits of implementing electrical and thermal demand response schemes are quantified. Also, more in-depth analyses for this network-constrained model are performed, including natural gas flow rate variations, natural gas pressures, power flow, and nodal voltages.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy, Volume 187〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Mingzhang Pan, Zeyuan Zheng, Rong Huang, Xiaorong Zhou, Haozhong Huang, Jiaying Pan, Zhaohui Chen〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉n-Octanol with its high energy density and high cetane number has similar fuel properties as diesel fuel, and is thus considered an excellent choice for alcohol fuels as a substitute for diesel. This study focused on the effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) combined with the addition of n-octanol on the performance, emissions, and particulate matter (PM) of a direct injection diesel engine. The results show that the curves of the in-cylinder pressure of n-octanol/diesel blends nearly overlap those of pure diesel fuel under the test conditions. At a low EGR ratio, the brake thermal efficiency of n-octanol/diesel blends is higher than that of diesel fuel. With an increase in the EGR ratio, the results show that nitrogen oxide (NO〈sub〉X〈/sub〉) emissions decrease, whereas carbon monoxide (CO) and soot emissions significantly increase. However, the use of n-octanol/diesel blends can inhibit the increase in CO and soot emissions appreciably. In addition, with an increase in n-octanol content in the blends, the number concentration of particles on the particle size distribution decreases gradually. To summarize, a simultaneous reduction in NO〈sub〉X〈/sub〉 and PM emissions under a combined operation of small EGR ratios and n-octanol blends can be realized, thereby improving the brake thermal efficiency.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉