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  • Technology  (839)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2014-03-27
    Description: A cylindrically curved panel in a state of plane strain subject to a radial temperature gradient is investigated. The ends of this thick-walled shell are presupposed to be guided in such a way that a displacement in circumferential direction may occur and that the radius of the initial middle surface remains unchanged. Then, couples act on those ends, giving rise to pure bending conditions. For a material obeying Tresca’s yield criterion and the flow rule associated with it, elastic-plastic states occurring for a heated inner and/or outer surface are studied in detail. Moreover, the residual stresses after cooling are discussed.
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2014-10-08
    Description: Massenstrom-Modelle für gasförmige Medien beschreiben den Zusammenhang zwischen Gasdurchfluss durch Drosselelemente in Abhängigkeit der Eingangsgrößen Druck, Temperatur und Medium. Diese Modelle werden verwendet, um pneumatische Komponenten zu berechnen, pneumatische Systeme zu simulieren oder Anlagen zu planen. Im Gegensatz zum realen Gas sind für ideale Gase einige Massenstrom-Modelle bekannt und verifiziert, wie z. B. nach ISO 6358 (International Standard ISO 6358: pneumatic fluid power – components using compressible fluids – determination of flow-rate characteristics, 1989). Bei der Entwicklung und Anwendung von Systemen mit realen Gasen, z. B. bei der Berechnung von Sicherheitsventilen, wurde festgestellt, dass Gleichungen – ohne Berücksichtigung der Realgaseigenschaften – nur eingeschränkt nutzbar sind, wie auch Schmidt et al. (Forschung im Ingenieurwesen 73:105–117, 2009) feststellten. Mit dieser Veröffentlichung soll ein Beitrag geleistet werden, um für die Berechnung des Massenstroms im Zustandsgebiet realer Gase ein einfach anwendbares Modell bereitzustellen. Dazu wird das bestehende Massenstrom-Modell nach ISO 6358, das auf Gleichungen für den idealen Gasbereich basiert, für ein reales Gas angewendet und verifiziert. Die Parameter kritischer Leitwert C und kritisches Druckverhältnis b werden im Zustandsbereich realer Gase bestimmt, angewendet und Abweichungen aufgezeigt. Die mittlere Abweichung zwischen gemessenem und berechnetem Massenstrom liegt im Realgasbereich bei 1,0 %. Daher wird das Massenstrom-Modell nach ISO 6358 als geeignet vorgeschlagen, sofern die Parameter C und b im Realgasbereich identifiziert werden. Zusätzlich wurde untersucht, dass Abweichungen von über 10 % entstehen, wenn die Parameter C und b bei idealem Gas bestimmt und im realen Gasbereich angewendet werden. Diese hohe Abweichung kann mit einer iterativen Berechnung unter Verwendung von realen Zustandsdaten des verwendeten Gases teilweise kompensiert werden, so dass die Abweichung auf 4,3 % sinkt.
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2014-10-10
    Description: Eine direkte Berechnung des Temperaturprofils eines strömenden Fluids zur Ableitung von Wärmeübergangskoeffizienten ist nur in wenigen Ausnahmefällen möglich. In einigen Fällen hilft man sich durch Analogiebetrachtungen, wie z. B. der Analogie zwischen Impuls- und Wärmeübertragung bei der vollturbulenten Rohrströmung. Diese auf W. Reynolds und L. Prandtl zurückgehende Analogie nutzt fluiddynamische Ansätze, um auf den Wärmeübergang zwischen Fluid und Wandoberfläche zu schließen. Im Beitrag wird das gut bekannte Zweizonen-Modell von Prandtl analysiert und mit einem Dreibereiche-Modell verglichen. Es wird ein korrigiertes Modell abgeleitet, welches Vorteile gegenüber dem klassischen Zweizonen-Modell nach Prandtl aufweist.
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2014-10-10
    Description: Exploration for deep-geothermal resources is still a costly and high risk operation. The research association “Geothermal Energy and High Performance Drilling Research Program, gebo” was founded to improve the cost effectiveness of geothermal energy production in particular by developing new drilling concepts for deep geological layers. A mono-diameter borehole casing concept is developed to achieve this ambitious aim. To accomplish this, a special type of casing is essential, structured from folded tubulars for expandable casing applications featuring clover-like cross sections and expandable to a cylindrical form when the casing is at its downhole position. A smaller borehole volume and a reduction of drilling time and casing related costs are the main advantages of this method compared to conventional drilling. Design, material selection and realization of the folded tubulars take place at the Institut für Werkstoffkunde (Materials Science). The evaluations of the results are based on residual stress analysis and the measurement of the geometry after each deformation step at the Institute of Production Engineering and Machine Tools (IFW).
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2014-10-08
    Description: Quenching profiles during their extrusion with subsequent ageing can increase their strength by a factor of 1.5–2 compared to the as-extruded state. Water-air spray cooling is a quenching technology which allows the desired profile temperature to be reached with high accuracy and which is characterised by low energy demand. To apply this cooling technique correctly, the heat transfer coefficient’s dependence on the surface temperature and properties of the extruded profile, made from EN AW-6082 alloy, and on the spray cooling parameters was determined using the lumped heat capacitance method. The absence of a significant impact of the spraying distance and inclination angle on the average heat transfer coefficient within the investigated range was noted. Dependencies of the relative heat transfer coefficient on the temperature and the distance to the spray axis were derived. It was shown that these dependencies, which can be used for modelling such processes, are practically identical for all considered spraying parameters.
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2014-10-08
    Description: The production of thin aluminium-steel clad strips by means of twin-roll casting is one of the prospective trends in the development of sheet production. The main advantages of twin-roll casting are low specific energy and resource consumption. Besides this, the resulting compound has a high bonding strength owing to the presence of a continuous thin layer of intermetallic phases having an approximate thickness of 3 µm at the interface of the two metals. At the same time, the quality of the clad strip depends on the microstructure and properties of the aluminium layer formed directly from a melt. A deformation immediately following the solidification of the metal between the two rotated, internally water-cooled rolls has a substantial influence on this aluminium layer. Due to the complexity of observing the processes occurring in the melt pool, a numerical simulation became one of the main methods for their investigation. Simulation is widely used to describe the process of twin-roll casting of monomaterial strips, but so far it has not been used for to comprehensively analyse the process of twin-roll casting of clad strips. In the present paper, a two-dimentional finite-element simulation of the system “clad strip—water-cooled rolls” using the ANSYS software is proposed. A joint analysis is carried out of the heat transfer, viscous flow of aluminium melt, its solidification and deformation resulting in the temperature distribution in the cast metal as well as in the tool. The dependences of the deformation strain and outlet temperature of the clad strip on the main technological process parameters; obtained by numerical simulation, are shown.
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2014-10-08
    Description: The paper presents influence of the rotor blade tip shape of an axial fan on the emitted noise and on its aerodynamic characteristic. Appropriate measurements were first performed on the integral level of the same rotor with the two blade tip shapes: blade tip configuration A where the blade tip has the form of the prolonged basic blade, and configuration B with the winglet where the tip was slightly pushed towards the suction side of the blade. Moreover results of local pressure and sound pressure measurements in the area of the air gap made possible detailed analysis of the avarage pressure distribution and its time variance. The results showed strong dependence of the blade tip design on the emitted noise distribution, whereas changes of the aerodynamic characteristic with both tip designs were hardly noticed. The correlation between the emitted sound power level of the fan and the air pressure variance enabled to locate mechanism and origin of the noise generation in the zone between two consecutive rotor blades.
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2014-08-26
    Description: Rise and fall velocities of oil drops in water and water drops in oil, respectively, are measured in a liquid column. The main perspective is on the similarity of the flows in these largely different cases. When the experimental data are plotted as the normalized rise velocity, which is the Reynolds number, versus the Archimedes number a common curve appears. This proves that similarity exists at least with respect to the velocity. Larger drops deviate considerably from the spherical shape. Nevertheless the data set can be represented by a formula derived from data on hard spheres. In particular the Stokes limit for Re→0 is nicely confirmed by measuring down to 10 − 4 .
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2014-04-05
    Description: The paper shows a mathematical rotordynamic model for lateral vibration analysis of induction motors with dynamic eccentricities regarding start-up. With this mathematical model, different kinds of dynamic eccentricities—mass eccentricity, magnetic eccentricity and bent rotor deflection—can be analyzed. Beside the mechanical influences—e.g. the rotor mass, rotor shaft stiffness, oil film coefficients of the sleeve bearings, structural stiffness of the sleeve bearing housings and end shields—also electromagnetic influence—e.g. the electromagnetic field and magnetic eccentricity—can be analyzed for the start-up. The paper is based on the well-known theory of accelerated resonance passing and is an enhancement of the theory for induction motors, considering also electromagnetism during start-up. Based on this rotordynamic model, the absolute displacements of the shaft centre, the shaft journals and the sleeve bearing housings can be analyzed as well as the relative displacements between the shaft journals and the sleeve bearing housings. Additionally, also the vibration velocities at the sleeve bearing housings can be derived. The aim of the paper is not to replace a detailed finite-element-model by a simplified analytical model, but to show the mathematical coherences between rotordyamics and electromagnetics for a start-up of an induction motor, considering different dynamic eccentricities.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2014-04-08
    Description: Characterisation of turbocharger performance is important in gas exchange simulation and engine control unit calibration. Compressor and turbine performance maps are measured on a hot-gas test bed. As a result their performance maps have a large dependence on heat transfer. Gas exchange simulation software assumes adiabatic compressor and turbine maps. The direct use of measured maps leads to defective simulation results. The power balance of compressor and turbine in steady state operation leads to limited turbine performance maps. The acceleration of compressor and turbine are not covered in those maps. In gas exchange simulation the performance maps are extrapolated to cover the entire range of operation. Simulations using the extrapolated maps do not correlate with empirical results. This paper presents methods for reconciling results derived from maps with those observed in the real world over the same extrapolated operating range. The methods use existing maps without additional information to construct performance maps relevant for operation on internal combustion engines. A recipe approach for the application to measured maps is developed and applied to examples. Compared to mathematical extrapolation, the presented methods yield empirically sound extrapolations and improve the quality of gas exchange simulation results.
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2014-04-13
    Description: In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Kontaktaufgabe über die Wechselwirkung einer langen Zylinderschale mit einer koaxialen zylindrischen Bandage aus einem Verbundwerkstoff untersucht. Der Verbundwerkstoff wird als ein homogenes orthotropes Material mit bekannten effektiven elastischen Eigenschaften modelliert. Basierend auf der klassischen Schalentheorie werden die Grundgleichungen für die Kontaktaufgabe sowie allgemeine Lösungen für die Durchbiegungen und Schnittgrößen formuliert. Die unbekannten Integrationskonstanten sowie die Kontaktfläche werden numerisch mit Hilfe des Programmpakets Maple ermittelt. Drei charakteristische Längen der Bandage, bei denen der Übergang von einem Kontaktschema der Wechselwirkung zu einem anderen erfolgt, wurden ermittelt. Es wurde festgestellt, dass die Änderung des Innendrucks nicht zum Übergang von einem Kontaktschema zu einem anderen führt. Der Charakter der Kontaktwechselwirkung wird durch geometrische Parameter der Verbindung und elastische Materialeigenschaften der Schale und der Bandage bestimmt.
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2014-04-05
    Description: Electronic Stability Control (ESC) and Four Wheel Steering (4WS) have been used to control the yaw rate and sideslip angle of automobiles, in order to improve stability and prevent accidents. The scope of this paper is to compare the behaviour of a vehicle equipped with no control systems, to a vehicle equipped with ESC, a vehicle equipped with 4WS and a vehicle equipped with a combination of ESC and 4WS in a series of simulated tests, using an adequate vehicle and driver model. The operating parameters of the control systems and the driver model have been optimised by using an evolution strategy. According to the results, the vehicle equipped with 4WS performed better in open-loop tests, while the vehicle equipped with ESC performed better in closed-loop tests where the vehicle is controlled by the driver model. The vehicle equipped with a combination of ESC and 4WS has achieved consistently better results in all our tests and has shown that the use of 4WS systems can augment the operation of ESC system and achieve a better safety level for future vehicles.
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2014-05-28
    Description: Harte Polymerschäume haben mittlerweile eine breite Anwendung gefunden. Ihre Auslegung basiert allerdings auf Festigkeitswerten, die aus Versuchen an Probekörpern unter Zug-, Druck-, Torsions- und hydrostatischer Druckbelastung gewonnen werden. Für die materialgerechte Validierung einer Festigkeitshypothese sind weitere Beanspruchungszustände erforderlich. Dies gilt speziell für mehraxialen Zug: Es liegen bisher fast keine Messungen für gleichmäßige biaxiale und hydrostatische Zugbelastungen vor. Zuerst wird ein geeigneter Versuchsaufbau erarbeitet, der sich mit einer konventionellen Zugprüfmaschine realisieren lässt. Neben dem gleichmäßigen biaxialen Spannungszustand können dabei weitere biaxiale Spannungszustände beim Zug erzeugt werden. Das einfache Schema der Kraftverteilung erfordert eine spezielle Form des Probekörpers. Die folgende Ausarbeitung beschreibt die Auslegung von zwei verschiedenen Probekörpern aus Hartschaum. Dafür wird Hartschaum als quasihomogener isotroper Werkstoff betrachtet. Für die Auslegung der Probekörper wird vom linear-elastischen Verhalten des Materials ausgegangen. Zur Bewertung der mehraxialen Spannungszustände wird die Festigkeitshypothese von Mohr–Coulomb herangezogen. Die maximalen Spannungen, die in den Kerben zwischen den Stellen der Krafteinleitung entstehen, werden durch die Geometrie des Probekörpers minimiert, so dass ein Versagen im Prüfbereich gewährleistet ist. Die Abmessungen der Probekörper werden an die kommerziell hergestellten Schaumblöcke angepasst. Hydrostatische Zugbelastung bis zum Versagen lässt sich kaum realisieren. Ausgehend von den Versuchsergebnissen beim Zug und beim gleichmäßigen biaxialen Zug wird die Abschätzung der hydrostatischen Bruchspannung (Grenzspannung) vorgeschlagen.
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2014-05-27
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2014-04-04
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2014-04-12
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2014-10-07
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2014-04-08
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2014-08-26
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2014-03-27
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2014-10-10
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2014-10-10
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2014-10-07
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2014-10-07
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2014-10-08
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2014-04-04
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2013-09-25
    Description: Diese Arbeit stellt vier Näherungsverfahren zur Abschätzung der Spannungskonzentration an Kerben vor. Es handelt sich um die Neuber-Regel, die Glinka-Methode, die Interpolationsmethode und eine neu entwickelte, numerische Neuber-Regel. Dabei werden Kriechen und Plastizität bei proportionaler Belastung und konstanter Temperatur berücksichtigt. Außerdem wird ein Verfahren zur Berechnung der Hauptspannungen und -dehnungen im Kerbgrund beschrieben. Um diese Verfahren zu verifizieren, werden FEM-Berechnungen an einer gelochten Scheibe und einer Kerbprobe als Beispiele unter Zugbelastung durchgeführt. Zusätzlich werden die durchschnittlichen Abweichungen der Näherungsverfahren von den FEM-Werten ermittelt. Es wird damit gezeigt, dass alle vier Methoden die FEM-Werte mit hoher Genauigkeit approximieren.
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2013-04-10
    Description: Durch das vorgestellte Verfahren sollen Gussbauteile durch eine magnetische Kennzeichnung eindeutig beschriftet und zudem mit Produktionsdaten versehen werden. Hierzu werden informationstragende Magnete im Druckguss dicht unter die Oberfläche eingegossen. Mittels Laserbeschriftung mit einem diodengepumpten Ytterbium-Faserlaser wurden auf der Oberfläche der Hartferritmagnete Informationen, unteranderem in Form von DataMatrix-Codes, eingebracht. Verwendet wurden preisgünstige Strontiumferrit-Magnete. Aufgrund der durch den Laser hervorgerufenen lokalen Erwärmung über die Curie-Temperatur, kommt es zu Aufschmelzvorgängen und Werkstoffveränderungen an der Magnetoberfläche und folglich zur Entmagnetisierung des entsprechenden Volumens. Zudem wird die Oberfläche geometrisch verändert. Dies führt in den beschrifteten Bereichen zu einer messbaren Verringerung der magnetischen Flussdichte. Diese Unterschiede in der magnetischen Flussdichte lassen sich optisch mit Magnetfeldbetrachter oder durch die Messung mit Magnetfeldsensoren, wie zum Beispiel Hallsensoren, auslesen. Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich vornehmlich mit den Veränderungen auf der Magnetoberfläche sowie mit Visualisierungs- und Messmethoden. Die Ergebnisse erster Gießversuche werden präsentiert, um die Stabilität der magnetischen Markierung zu bestätigen.
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2013-04-10
    Description: In analogy to the theory of wide curved beams, the basic equations for a cylindrically curved panel of homogeneous thickness in a state of plane strain subject to a radial temperature gradient are derived. The ends of this thick-walled shell are presupposed to be guided in such a way that a displacement in circumferential direction may occur and that the radius of the initial middle surface remains unchanged. Then, couples act on those ends, giving rise to pure bending conditions. Based thereon, the stresses occurring for a heated inner and/or outer surface are analyzed, and—taking thermal softening and hence a reduced yield stress into account—the elastic limits according to the yield criteria of Tresca and von Mises are discussed comprehensively.
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2013-04-10
    Description: Lagrange and Hamilton formalisms derived from variational calculus can be applied nearly in all engineering sciences. In this study, the reader is introduced using tensorial variables in covariant and contravariant forms, to the extended Lagrangian $\mathcal{L}$ and herewith to the modified momentum ${p}_{{k}}^{*}$ . Through both, the extended Hamiltonian $\mathcal{H}$ of a dissipative engineering system is derived to analyze the engineering system in an analytical way. In addition, a nonconservative Hamiltonian H ∗ n for systems with elements of higher order is introduced in a similar manner. Moreover, different forms of extended Hamiltonian are represented. How these forms are achieved and how to derive the equations of generalized motion in different forms is also explained. As an example, a coupled electromechanical system in different formulations is given on behalf of the reader. The example is even extended to a case including some elements of higher order.
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  • 31
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    Publication Date: 2013-04-10
    Description: In the human nasal cavity the flow reciprocates carrying oxygen, carbon dioxide, humidity, internal energy and particles. Thus the nose is a multi functional organ of a very complex structure. In order to understand the flow as the basis of all functions two different measurements may be considered. One is local inside the cavity, the other is integral between inlet and outlet of the cavity. This work focuses on the integral pressure/flow rate relationship as function of time. We collect data from test persons and also data from 1:1 models which are build by rapid prototyping in a new segmented fashion. It is shown that the pressure/flow rate relationship follows always a polynomial of second order which is physically justifiable. The flexibility of the nasal cavity is demonstrated by using spray and strips. We find considerable effects on the pressure/flow rate relationship. The new technique of segmented models allows to see how the pressure loss distributes over the cavity. Working with model and physiological reality teaches the engineer a lesson: reproducibility is not reality.
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2013-04-10
    Description: Based on our previous study which tested the feasibility of protecting the healthy tissue around the cancerous tissue during cryosurgery by microencapsulated phase change materials (PCMs) with large latent heat and low thermal conductivity, uncertainties and sensitivities for thermal protection efficiency caused by the deviations of the PCM properties’ values, the PCMs concentration and the distance between the PCMs domain and the tumor domain were further investigated in this study. The preliminary results showed that the radius of the micro/nano PCM particle, the upper and lower phase transition temperatures of the PCM and the distance between the PCMs domain and the tumor domain should be accurately measured before performing thermal protection by PCMs during cryosurgery. Less than 20 % deviations of the heat capacities of solid and liquid PCM almost had no obvious influence on the thermal protection efficiency. The results obtained in this study will further help us to optimize the protection protocol by PCMs before performing cryosurgery.
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2013-04-10
    Description: The paper presents an elastic multiple-mass model for rotordynamic analysis of flexible electrical rotors supported in sleeve bearings, considering mechanical unbalances and electromagnetic forces. This model has been especially developed for flexible electrical rotors, which operate near below or near above the first critical bending speed of the rotor. Using this simplified model, a static rotor active part eccentricity can be simulated and the orbital movement of the rotor can be calculated. Additionally, the influence of different balancing concepts—elastic balancing versus rigid balancing—on the shaft vibrations is analyzed. To verify the model, a finite element analysis was performed, which indicates a satisfactory match. On the one hand, the aim of the paper is to derive an elastic multiple-mass model for rotordynamic analysis of flexible electrical rotors for special boundary conditions. On the other hand, the aim is to show the mathematical coherences—based on a simplified model—between the rotordynamics, the oil film characteristics of the sleeve bearings, the elasticity of the rotor structure, the electromagnetics and the balancing concept.
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2013-04-10
    Description: Therapeutic hypothermia has been the most effective therapy to treat serious cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Among them, intravascular cooling is identified as a most efficient approach to induce brain hypothermia. However until now, some key parameters and temperature management method for intravascular cooling are still not well addressed because of the complexity of human thermoregulation mechanism. Aiming at predicting temperature variation of tissues and organs in a more accurate way during therapeutic hypothermia, this study is dedicated to integrate the blood flow model in the circle of Willis together with the compartmental model for characterizing the heat and blood transport throughout the whole human body. According to the theoretical evaluation, the new model could well simulate the temperature response of the whole human body especially the brain under various cooling. Effects of different intervention site and cooling power to the hypothermia performance are discussed, which shows that carotid artery intervention is a more suitable therapeutic hypothermia method in comparison with femoral artery or femoral vein intervention. These results could help design controlling software for intravascular therapeutic hypothermia device in the near future.
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2013-04-10
    Description: The paper presents the problems of describing the system of a pump-controlled motor with a long transmission line by means of a mathematical model with lumped parameters where the long transmission line is divided into n segments. The mathematical model thus obtained is of high order but its order is reduced by applying the appropriate methodology, which considerably increases its use value. A P controller was designed for that mathematical model of the system. The graphical method which includes performances (specification of damping of the system) and stability margins was used in the design. Thanks to strong software support, the complexity of synthesis of controllers was considerably reduced in comparison with the methods presented in the literature. Dynamic behavior of the closed loop system was treated in intensive simulation. The methodology applied provides significant energy savings.
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2013-04-10
    Description: Intensive research in the field of mathematical modelling of the pneumatic cylinder has shown that its mathematical model is nonlinear and that a lot of important details cannot be included in the model. Selection of the model and the identification method have been conditioned by the following facts: The nonlinear model of the system can be approximated by a linear model with time-variant parameters. There is the influence of the combination of heat coefficient, unknown discharge coefficient and change of temperature on the pneumatic cylinder model. Therefore it is assumed that the parameters of the pneumatic cylinder are random (stochastic parameters). In practical conditions, observations have a non-Gaussian distribution. Due to the abovementioned reasons, it is assumed that the pneumatic cylinder model is a linear stochastic model with variable parameters. The Masreliez-Martin filter (robust Kalman filter) was used for identification of parameters of the model. For the purpose of increasing the practical value of the filter, the following two heuristic modifications were performed: It was adopted that T ( k )=1 holds for the scalar transformation of residuals. Fisher information was approximated by a derivative of the Huber’s function. The proposed modifications were confirmed through intensive simulations. In order to provide persistent excitation, the autocovariance function “1/ f ” of the signal was used. The behaviour of the new approach to identification of the pneumatic cylinder is illustrated by simulations.
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2013-04-10
    Description: This paper describes porous rotors manufactured from open cell aluminium foam. Rotor construction and theoretical description of fluid flow through rotating porous material are presented. Nine porous rotors made of materials with three different average pore sizes, with or without inducer, three rotor heights and two inlet diameters were selected and compared to a classical rotor with blades. Measurements involved two parts, measurement of pressure drop on non-rotating rotors while integral flow characteristics were measured on rotating rotors. Pressure drops for selected rotors agree well with theoretically calculated values based on Darcy-Forchheimer equation and Ergun equation. Measurements of integral aerodynamic and acoustic characteristics for selected rotors are presented. At low volume flow rates porous rotors have lower aerodynamic efficiency, comparable dimensionless pressure and lower noise compared to classical rotors with blades.
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2013-09-25
    Description: Zur Verbesserung der Tragfähigkeit und der Laufruhe von Verzahnungen ist es Stand der Technik, einsatzgehärtete Verzahnungen nach der Wärmebehandlung abschließend hartfein zu bearbeiten. Eine Möglichkeit für die Hartfeinbearbeitung ist das kontinuierliche Wälzschleifen, das aufgrund der hohen Produktivität ein industriell etablierter Prozess ist. Trotz des weitreichenden industriellen Einsatzes liegen bisher nur begrenzt wissenschaftliche Kenntnisse über das kontinuierliche Wälzschleifen von Verzahnungen vor. Ein Grund dafür sind die komplexen Kontaktbedingungen zwischen Schleifschnecke und Werkstück beim Wälzschleifen. Während der Bearbeitung befinden sich immer mehrere Zahnflanken gleichzeitig im Eingriff mit der Schleifschnecke. Dies erschwert unter anderem eine Übertragung vorhandener Erkenntnisse aus anderen, besser erforschten Schleifprozessen (z. B. dem diskontinuierlichen Profilschleifen). Die veränderlichen Kontaktbedingungen führen zu einer ausgeprägten Dynamik im Prozess, die eine Herausforderung sowohl für die Maschinenentwicklung, die Regelungstechnik als auch für die Prozessauslegung darstellt. Die Kenntnis der zu erwartenden Bearbeitungskräfte und ihres zeitlichen Verlaufs ist daher notwendig, um die Dynamik des Prozesses einerseits beschreiben und andererseits optimieren zu können. Hierzu müssen sowohl der Betrag als auch die Richtung der lokal auftretenden Zerspanungskräfte bekannt sein. Allerdings ist die Bestimmung der auftretenden Zerspanungskräfte im Wälzschleifprozess nur mit großem Aufwand möglich. Bisher existieren keine systematischen Untersuchungen zum Einfluss der Maschineneinstellparameter auf die Zerspanungskräfte im Wälzschleifprozess.
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2013-10-08
    Description: A new approximate method for the determination of natural frequencies of a cantilever beam in free bending vibration by a rigid multibody system is proposed. Uniform Euler-Bernoulli cantilever beams with and without a lumped mass at the tips are considered. The modelling method consists of two steps. In the first step, the cantilever beam is replaced by lumped masses interconnected by massless flexible beams. In the second step, the massless flexible beams are replaced by massless rigid beams connected through revolute and prismatic joints with corresponding springs in them. Elastic properties of the massless flexible beams are modelled by the springs introduced. The method proposed is compared with similar ones in the literature.
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2013-10-23
    Description: This article is supposed to serve as a guide for the design of flexure hinges that act as rotational joints. Firstly, flexure hinges with concentrated and distributed compliance are reviewed. They can be modeled by linear beam theories or by the theory of Elastica, respectively. Secondly, the transition between these limit cases is investigated by finite element methods (FEM). A planar symmetric flexure hinge with a circular notch serves as an exemplary geometry. By extending the notch the compliance is distributed. The deflection curves and the kinetics of desired and parasitic motions are chosen as key features to be studied. The corresponding results are compressed into a pseudo-rigid-body model (PRBM) approximation for a range of geometries. It turned out that the concentrated compliance matches best with an ideal rotational joint, but even for small displacements large stresses occur so that its range of operation is small. Distributing the compliance increases the range of operation, however stiffness within the task space decreases dramatically so that the design of a flexure hinge becomes a tradeoff between the two concurring goals large stiffness and large range of operation.
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2013-10-18
    Description: Die Theorie der Konstruktionsähnlichkeit basiert auf der Theorie der physikalischen Ähnlichkeit. Das primäre Ziel dieser Arbeit ist eine derartige Auswahl von Konstruktionsmerkmalen in den einzelnen Typengrößen der Typenreihen, um identische: physikalische, stereomechanische aber auch einfache Zustände, wie in der Grundkonstruktion, zu erhalten. Die Grundaufzeichnungsform einer Konstruktion einer Typenreihe ist die programmierbare, grafische und relationale Parametrisierung.
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2013-04-10
    Description: When a second law analysis is applied to a heat transfer process, the influence of boundary conditions on the chosen assessment criterion is of major importance. In this paper, three different sets of boundary conditions and three different assessment criteria based on the entropy generation are applied to a plate heat exchanger. The influence of the boundary conditions on the device’s operation and on the usefulness of the assessment criteria is discussed.
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2013-04-10
    Description: Das Verhalten einer Flüssigkeitsströmung in einem engen vertikalen Spalt mit einer gekühlten und einer beheizten Seitenwand wurde experimentell in einer vergangenen Studie hinsichtlich des Wärme- und Massentransports untersucht (Heiland et al. in Heat Mass Transf 43:863–870, 2007 ). Dieser Studie folgend wurde unter Anwendung der Flüssigkristalltechnik zur Strömungssichtbarmachung eine Untersuchung der thermischen Konvektion in einer engen Kavität unter variablem Neigungswinkel durchgeführt. Geschwindigkeits- und Temperaturfeld der Strömung wurden vermessen. Unter anderem zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass ab einem Neigungswinkel von ca. 5 ∘ –15 ∘ eine drastische Änderung der Strömungs- und Temperaturfeldtopologie auftritt, welche sich qualitativ bis zu einem Neigungswinkel von 90 ∘ nicht mehr ändert.
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2013-04-10
    Description: This paper presents a mathematical model describing the heat transfer inside of a human body at high temperatures of surrounding medium. The human body is considered as a slender body with heat transfer dominating in horizontal planes neglecting the heat fluxes in the vertical direction. Each body cross section is represented as an ellipse with five typical layers: inner and outer cores, muscles, fat layer and skin. The body is covered by the textile with embedded ice layer to protect the human from the overheating. The heat transfer within each horizontal plane is modelled using a simple sector model. With these simplifications the problem is reduced to the solution of the one dimensional heat conduction equation with certain initial and boundary conditions. The equation is solved numerically using inhouse code based on the finite differential method. Numerical calculations are performed with the aim to determine the ice layer thickness necessary to keep the temperature of the human body core at the temperature of 36.7 ∘ ±1 ∘ within one hour. Results of simulations were utilized to design a special protection clothes for rescue team working in the mining industry. The experiments with clothes supported the simulation prediction.
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2013-04-10
    Description: Die Strömungsverhältnisse in einem schlanken Konfusor mit einseitig bewegter ebener Wand werden experimentell und numerisch für eine turbulente Reynolds-Zahl von 9,95×10 3 untersucht. Die Resultate können zum grundlegenden Verständnis für die Strömungen, die in Gleitlagertaschen für hochtourige Turbomaschinen in Schwerbauweise auftreten, verwendet werden. Hierbei zeigt sich, dass sich in unmittelbarer Nähe der bewegten Wand (Wellenzapfen) eine dünne turbulente Grenzschicht ausbildet, während die übrige Kanalgeometrie (Lagertasche) von einem turbulenten Totwasser mit nur sehr geringen Sekundärströmungen (Rezirkulationen) erfüllt ist. Durch den Vergleich mit detaillierten LDA-Messungen zeigte sich, dass das Realizable k – ε -Modell gut geeignet für die numerische Simulation solcher Strömungen ist.
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  • 46
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Springer
    Publication Date: 2013-04-10
    Description: Es wird eine Methode vorgestellt um Datensätze mit Zusatzbedingungen in einem Intervall mittels Tschebyscheffpolynomen zu approximieren. Eine geeignete Segmentierung des Intervalls ermöglicht in einzelnen Teilintervallen eine Tschebyscheffapproximation von geringem Grad. Man kann dadurch insgesamt mit weniger Tschebyscheffkoeffizienten auskommen, als bei einer einzigen hochgradigen Approximation des Gesamtintervalls. An den inneren Segmentgrenzen fordern wir Stetigkeit sowie an den Intervallgrenzen der beiden äußeren Segmente die Annahme vorgegebener Werte bis zur zweiten Ableitung. Mit Hilfe von Lagrangefaktoren und der Methode der kleinsten Quadrate formulieren wir ein Minimumproblem mit Nebenbedingungen. Dies führt auf ein lineares Gleichungssystem, dessen Lösung die entsprechenden Tschebyscheffkoeffizienten liefert.
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2013-04-10
    Description: A phenomenological model descriptive of the vibrations generated on a single-stage planetary gearbox when measured with a sensor mounted on the outer part of the ring gear is developed in time domain. First, only the internal meshing processes are considered. The model is analyzed relying on the Fourier theory to provide a detailed theoretical background which explains the different spectral structures observed on planetary gearbox vibrations. It is proposed that planetary gearboxes can be classified in four groups each presenting specific features on the structure of the vibration spectrum. Each group is carefully analyzed and illustrated with examples. Afterwards, the influences on the vibrations of the external gear meshing processes and the transmission path of vibrations from their source to the sensor through the sun gear and carrier plate are studied. It is concluded that the external meshing processes can affect all spectral components of the total vibrations differently, depending on if the number of the teeth of the planet gears is even or odd. Differently, the transmission path through the sun gear and carrier plate affects only the spectral components at the gear mesh frequency and its harmonics. Considering the factors presented in this work, the expected spectral components of the vibrations measured on any non-faulty planetary gearbox can be estimated a-priori, thus representing a valuable aid in view of failure diagnosis on these mechanical systems.
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2013-04-10
    Description: A general energy formulation to predict the thermal post buckling behavior of uniform isotropic beams is presented in this paper. The hinged ends of the beam contain elastic rotational restraints to represent the actual practical support situation. The large amplitude vibration behavior of beams is deduced from the post buckling results. The classical hinged and clamped conditions can be obtained as the limiting cases of the rotational spring stiffness. The numerical results, in the form of the ratios of the post buckling to buckling loads for various maximum deflection ratios, are presented in the digital form. An alternate independent formulation, based on the nonlinear finite element formulation, is also used in this paper to validate the numerical results of the present work. Further, the results for the large amplitude vibrations, deduced from the thermal post buckling results are also presented and these results compare very well with the finite element results, available in the literature, for the large amplitude vibration problem. These comparisons show an excellent agreement not only for the present work on the proposed thermal post buckling formulation but also on the deduced results for the large amplitude vibration of beams with the ends elastically restrained against rotation (spring–hinged beams). The numerical results presented confirm the efficacy of the proposed methodology used for predicting the post buckling behavior and deducing the large amplitude vibration behavior of the spring–hinged beams.
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2013-04-10
    Description: Obwohl die Technologie des Schwungrad-Reibschweißens seit Jahrzenten erfolgreich angewandt wird, sind die während der Schweißung ablaufenden Prozesse nur teilweise beschrieben. Die Entwicklung von Temperatur und Spannungsfeldern in den Schweißpartnern sind jedoch entscheidende Faktoren, um mögliche Gefügeumwandlungen, Vorschädigungen und Schweißgüten beurteilen zu können. Da die starke thermomechanische Wechselwirkung im Bereich der Fügezone analytische Berechnungsmethoden ausschließt, müssen numerische Methoden eingesetzt werden, um während der Schweißung einen Blick in das Innere der Bauteile zu erhalten. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein von ABAQUS zur Verfügung gestelltes Modell in mehreren Punkten erweitert, um die physikalischen Effekte, die während der Schweißung ablaufen, besser abzubilden. Die Implementierung eines neuen Reibmodells sowie die Integration von Konvektionsrandbedingungen sind die grundlegenden Veränderungen. Die mit diesem Modell berechneten Daten werden anschließend mit Versuchsdaten verglichen, um die Güte der Simulation zu beurteilen.
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2013-04-10
    Description: A new vertical single-regulated mixed-flow turbine with conical guide apparatus and without spiral casing is presented in this paper. Runner blades are fixed to the hub and runner band and resemble to the Francis type runner of extremely high specific speed. Due to lack of information and guidelines for the design of a new turbine, a theoretical model was developed in order to determinate the design duty point, i.e. to determine the optimum narrow operation range of the turbine. It is not necessary to know the kinematic conditions at the runner inlet, but only general information on the geometry of turbine flow-passage, meridional contour of the runner and blading, the number of blades and the turbine speed of rotation. The model is based on the integral tangential lift coefficient, which is the average value over the entire runner blading. The results are calculated for the lift coefficient 0.5 and 0.6, for the flow coefficient range from 0.2 to 0.36, for the number of the blades between 5 and 13, and are finally presented in the Cordier diagram (specific speed vs. specific diameter). Calculated results of the turbine optimum operation in Cordier diagram correspond very well to the adequate area of Kaplan turbines with medium and low specific speed and extends into the area of Francis turbines with high specific speed. Presented model clearly highlights the parameters that affect specific load of the runner blade row and therefore the optimum turbine operation (discharge—turbine head). The presented method is not limited to a specific reaction type of the hydraulic turbine. The method can therefore be applied to a wide range from mixed-flow (radial-axial) turbines to the axial turbines. Applicability of the method may be considered as a tool in the first stage of the turbine design i.e. when designing the meridional geometry and selecting the number of blades according to calculated operating point. Geometric and energy parameters are generally defined to an extent that these parameters are considered in detailed design using turbulent viscous flow CFD solver.
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2013-04-10
    Description: The coupling of the Singular Integral Operators Method (SIOM) and the Finite Element Method (FEM) is proposed and investigated for the solution of plate bending problems. Such combination of the above two numerical methods gives more accurate results for the solution of plate bending problems in structural analysis. The plates are basic units of building frame structures, as well as to underground structures and thus the determination of bending moments around the plates is very important for the analysis of all kinds of structures. An application of plate bending problems is finally given to the determination of the bending moments in a rectangular plate with a rectangular hole in the center of the plate.
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2013-08-24
    Description: The performance characteristics of a small centrifugal pump having a specific speed of 20 min −1 are measured when pumping two industrial Newtonian oils of viscosities 75 and 646 cSt, at value of Reynolds number near 10 3 . The diminishing of the performance in the case of these oils compared to water is about 50 to 80 %. It decreases with the reduction of Reynolds number. The correction factors of head, of flow rate and efficiency, are determined depending on Reynolds number, and they are compared with those obtained using the European KSB empirical method, the American method ANSI/HI and the semi-empirical method based on the analysis of power losses. For centrifugal pumps of a specific speed below 50 min −1 , the fall in performance increases with the decrease of Reynolds number and specific speed. The fall in efficiency is more important than the fall of the other performance parameters. A good agreement is obtained between experimental results and predicted results using the three above mentioned methods, with the exception of the efficiency correction factor obtained by the method of power losses analysis, in the range of Reynolds numbers between 10 3 and 10 5 . The expression of correction performance factors based on the Reynolds number is universal. It allows to distinguish the ranges of correction factors falls, and to know the economic limitations of the use of centrifugal pumps. A fall of head and flow rate correction factors of over 10 % occurs at values of Reynolds number below 10 4 . But, the fall of efficiency correction factor of over 10 % occurs at values of Reynolds number below 10 5 . To facilitate to the professionals the calculation of the performance correction factors of centrifugal pumps, new models are proposed in this study according to Reynolds number and specific speed.
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2013-04-13
    Description: The paper is concerned with an analytical study of the oscillatory flow of a couple stress fluid in a channel, bounded by two permeable walls. The couple stress fluid is considered to be injected into the medium through one of the walls with a given velocity and to be sucked off by the other wall with an equal velocity. The problem is solved by using a perturbation technique. Analytical expressions for the velocity and volumetric flow rate are derived for the oscillatory flow of the couple stress fluid flowing in the channel. By using the method of parametric variation, distribution of the velocity of the couple stress fluid, change in velocity profiles at different instants of time, change in volumetric flow rate with change in frequency and cross-flow Reynolds number are computed, by considering an illustrative example. The study reveals that both the velocity and the volumetric flow rate are quite sensitive to the couple stress parameter, the frequency of oscillation and also to the cross-flow Reynolds number. The study will be immensely useful in resolving different problems associated with oil industries.
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2013-10-18
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2013-04-12
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2013-09-25
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2013-03-28
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2013-03-28
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  • 59
  • 60
    Publication Date: 2013-10-23
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2013-10-08
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2013-09-24
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2013-04-04
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2013-08-23
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2012-08-20
    Description:    Obwohl die Technologie des Schwungrad-Reibschweißens seit Jahrzenten erfolgreich angewandt wird, sind die während der Schweißung ablaufenden Prozesse nur teilweise beschrieben. Die Entwicklung von Temperatur und Spannungsfeldern in den Schweißpartnern sind jedoch entscheidende Faktoren, um mögliche Gefügeumwandlungen, Vorschädigungen und Schweißgüten beurteilen zu können. Da die starke thermomechanische Wechselwirkung im Bereich der Fügezone analytische Berechnungsmethoden ausschließt, müssen numerische Methoden eingesetzt werden, um während der Schweißung einen Blick in das Innere der Bauteile zu erhalten. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein von ABAQUS zur Verfügung gestelltes Modell in mehreren Punkten erweitert, um die physikalischen Effekte, die während der Schweißung ablaufen, besser abzubilden. Die Implementierung eines neuen Reibmodells sowie die Integration von Konvektionsrandbedingungen sind die grundlegenden Veränderungen. Die mit diesem Modell berechneten Daten werden anschließend mit Versuchsdaten verglichen, um die Güte der Simulation zu beurteilen. Content Type Journal Article Category Originalarbeiten/Originals Pages 1-10 DOI 10.1007/s10010-012-0155-x Authors P. Prokopczuk, ZB Fördertechnik-Sonderbauten, Windkraftanlagen, TÜV SÜD Industrie Service GmbH, Westendstraße 199, 80686 München, Deutschland A. Pöhler, Technisches Büro Pöhler GmbH, Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 43, 89150 Laichingen, Deutschland A. Hupfer, Lehrstuhl für Flugantriebe, TU München, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748 Garching, Deutschland M. F. Zäh, Institut für Werkzeugmaschinen und Betriebswissenschaften, TU München, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748 Garching, Deutschland Journal Forschung im Ingenieurwesen Online ISSN 1434-0860 Print ISSN 0015-7899
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2012-06-04
    Description:    The coupling of the Singular Integral Operators Method (SIOM) and the Finite Element Method (FEM) is proposed and investigated for the solution of plate bending problems. Such combination of the above two numerical methods gives more accurate results for the solution of plate bending problems in structural analysis. The plates are basic units of building frame structures, as well as to underground structures and thus the determination of bending moments around the plates is very important for the analysis of all kinds of structures. An application of plate bending problems is finally given to the determination of the bending moments in a rectangular plate with a rectangular hole in the center of the plate. Content Type Journal Article Category Originalarbeiten/Originals Pages 1-7 DOI 10.1007/s10010-012-0154-y Authors E. G. Ladopoulos, Interpaper Research Organization, Dimaki Str. 8, Athens, 106 72 Greece Journal Forschung im Ingenieurwesen Online ISSN 1434-0860 Print ISSN 0015-7899
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2012-04-30
    Description:    Based on our previous study which tested the feasibility of protecting the healthy tissue around the cancerous tissue during cryosurgery by microencapsulated phase change materials (PCMs) with large latent heat and low thermal conductivity, uncertainties and sensitivities for thermal protection efficiency caused by the deviations of the PCM properties’ values, the PCMs concentration and the distance between the PCMs domain and the tumor domain were further investigated in this study. The preliminary results showed that the radius of the micro/nano PCM particle, the upper and lower phase transition temperatures of the PCM and the distance between the PCMs domain and the tumor domain should be accurately measured before performing thermal protection by PCMs during cryosurgery. Less than 20 % deviations of the heat capacities of solid and liquid PCM almost had no obvious influence on the thermal protection efficiency. The results obtained in this study will further help us to optimize the protection protocol by PCMs before performing cryosurgery. Content Type Journal Article Category Originalarbeiten/Originals Pages 1-10 DOI 10.1007/s10010-012-0153-z Authors Yonggang Lv, ‘111’ Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044 China Yang Zou, ‘111’ Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044 China Li Yang, ‘111’ Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044 China Journal Forschung im Ingenieurwesen Online ISSN 1434-0860 Print ISSN 0015-7899
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2012-04-30
    Description:    A phenomenological model descriptive of the vibrations generated on a single-stage planetary gearbox when measured with a sensor mounted on the outer part of the ring gear is developed in time domain. First, only the internal meshing processes are considered. The model is analyzed relying on the Fourier theory to provide a detailed theoretical background which explains the different spectral structures observed on planetary gearbox vibrations. It is proposed that planetary gearboxes can be classified in four groups each presenting specific features on the structure of the vibration spectrum. Each group is carefully analyzed and illustrated with examples. Afterwards, the influences on the vibrations of the external gear meshing processes and the transmission path of vibrations from their source to the sensor through the sun gear and carrier plate are studied. It is concluded that the external meshing processes can affect all spectral components of the total vibrations differently, depending on if the number of the teeth of the planet gears is even or odd. Differently, the transmission path through the sun gear and carrier plate affects only the spectral components at the gear mesh frequency and its harmonics. Considering the factors presented in this work, the expected spectral components of the vibrations measured on any non-faulty planetary gearbox can be estimated a-priori, thus representing a valuable aid in view of failure diagnosis on these mechanical systems. Content Type Journal Article Category Originalarbeiten/Originals Pages 1-17 DOI 10.1007/s10010-012-0151-1 Authors Cristián Molina Vicuña, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Laboratory of Mechanical Vibrations, University of Concepción, Edmundo Larenas s/n, Concepción, Chile Journal Forschung im Ingenieurwesen Online ISSN 1434-0860 Print ISSN 0015-7899
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  • 69
    facet.materialart.
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    Publication Date: 2012-04-30
    Description:    In the human nasal cavity the flow reciprocates carrying oxygen, carbon dioxide, humidity, internal energy and particles. Thus the nose is a multi functional organ of a very complex structure. In order to understand the flow as the basis of all functions two different measurements may be considered. One is local inside the cavity, the other is integral between inlet and outlet of the cavity. This work focuses on the integral pressure/flow rate relationship as function of time. We collect data from test persons and also data from 1:1 models which are build by rapid prototyping in a new segmented fashion. It is shown that the pressure/flow rate relationship follows always a polynomial of second order which is physically justifiable. The flexibility of the nasal cavity is demonstrated by using spray and strips. We find considerable effects on the pressure/flow rate relationship. The new technique of segmented models allows to see how the pressure loss distributes over the cavity. Working with model and physiological reality teaches the engineer a lesson: reproducibility is not reality. Content Type Journal Article Category Originalarbeiten/Originals Pages 1-7 DOI 10.1007/s10010-012-0152-0 Authors F. Peters, Institut für Thermo- und Fluidmechanik, Strömungslehre, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Gebäude IB 6/44, 44870 Bochum, Germany T. F. Groß, Institut für Thermo- und Fluidmechanik, Strömungslehre, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Gebäude IB 6/44, 44870 Bochum, Germany Journal Forschung im Ingenieurwesen Online ISSN 1434-0860 Print ISSN 0015-7899
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2012-04-30
    Description:    Die Strömungsverhältnisse in einem schlanken Konfusor mit einseitig bewegter ebener Wand werden experimentell und numerisch für eine turbulente Reynolds-Zahl von 9,95×10 3 untersucht. Die Resultate können zum grundlegenden Verständnis für die Strömungen, die in Gleitlagertaschen für hochtourige Turbomaschinen in Schwerbauweise auftreten, verwendet werden. Hierbei zeigt sich, dass sich in unmittelbarer Nähe der bewegten Wand (Wellenzapfen) eine dünne turbulente Grenzschicht ausbildet, während die übrige Kanalgeometrie (Lagertasche) von einem turbulenten Totwasser mit nur sehr geringen Sekundärströmungen (Rezirkulationen) erfüllt ist. Durch den Vergleich mit detaillierten LDA-Messungen zeigte sich, dass das Realizable k – ε -Modell gut geeignet für die numerische Simulation solcher Strömungen ist. Content Type Journal Article Category Originalarbeiten/Originals Pages 1-13 DOI 10.1007/s10010-012-0149-8 Authors S. Uhkötter, Fachbereich Maschinenbau, Fachhochschule Münster, Stegerwaldstr. 39, 48565 Steinfurt, Deutschland A. Becker, Fachbereich Maschinenbau, Fachhochschule Münster, Stegerwaldstr. 39, 48565 Steinfurt, Deutschland H. Czajka, Fachbereich Maschinenbau, Fachhochschule Münster, Stegerwaldstr. 39, 48565 Steinfurt, Deutschland S. aus der Wiesche, Fachbereich Maschinenbau, Fachhochschule Münster, Stegerwaldstr. 39, 48565 Steinfurt, Deutschland S. Brasseler, Fakultät für Bio- und Chemieingenieurwesen, Lehrstuhl für Strömungsmechanik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Emil-Figge-Str. 68, 44227 Dortmund, Deutschland P. Ehrhard, Fakultät für Bio- und Chemieingenieurwesen, Lehrstuhl für Strömungsmechanik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Emil-Figge-Str. 68, 44227 Dortmund, Deutschland Journal Forschung im Ingenieurwesen Online ISSN 1434-0860 Print ISSN 0015-7899
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2012-05-22
    Description:    A general energy formulation to predict the thermal post buckling behavior of uniform isotropic beams is presented in this paper. The hinged ends of the beam contain elastic rotational restraints to represent the actual practical support situation. The large amplitude vibration behavior of beams is deduced from the post buckling results. The classical hinged and clamped conditions can be obtained as the limiting cases of the rotational spring stiffness. The numerical results, in the form of the ratios of the post buckling to buckling loads for various maximum deflection ratios, are presented in the digital form. An alternate independent formulation, based on the nonlinear finite element formulation, is also used in this paper to validate the numerical results of the present work. Further, the results for the large amplitude vibrations, deduced from the thermal post buckling results are also presented and these results compare very well with the finite element results, available in the literature, for the large amplitude vibration problem. These comparisons show an excellent agreement not only for the present work on the proposed thermal post buckling formulation but also on the deduced results for the large amplitude vibration of beams with the ends elastically restrained against rotation (spring–hinged beams). The numerical results presented confirm the efficacy of the proposed methodology used for predicting the post buckling behavior and deducing the large amplitude vibration behavior of the spring–hinged beams. Content Type Journal Article Category Originalarbeiten/Originals Pages 1-8 DOI 10.1007/s10010-012-0150-2 Authors G. V. Rao, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vardhaman College of Engineering, Hyderabad, 501 218 India G. K. Reddy, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology, Hyderabad, 501 301 India G. Jagadish Babu, Advanced Systems Laboratory, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad, 500 058 India V. V. S. Rao, Department of Mechanical Engineering, JNTU College of Engineering, Kakinada, 533 003 India Journal Forschung im Ingenieurwesen Online ISSN 1434-0860 Print ISSN 0015-7899
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2012-11-12
    Description:    When a second law analysis is applied to a heat transfer process, the influence of boundary conditions on the chosen assessment criterion is of major importance. In this paper, three different sets of boundary conditions and three different assessment criteria based on the entropy generation are applied to a plate heat exchanger. The influence of the boundary conditions on the device’s operation and on the usefulness of the assessment criteria is discussed. Content Type Journal Article Category Originalarbeiten/Originals Pages 1-9 DOI 10.1007/s10010-012-0156-9 Authors Christoph Redecker, Institute of Thermo-Fluid Dynamics, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestraße 17, 21073 Hamburg, Germany Heinz Herwig, Institute of Thermo-Fluid Dynamics, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestraße 17, 21073 Hamburg, Germany Journal Forschung im Ingenieurwesen Online ISSN 1434-0860 Print ISSN 0015-7899
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2012-11-22
    Description:    This paper presents a mathematical model describing the heat transfer inside of a human body at high temperatures of surrounding medium. The human body is considered as a slender body with heat transfer dominating in horizontal planes neglecting the heat fluxes in the vertical direction. Each body cross section is represented as an ellipse with five typical layers: inner and outer cores, muscles, fat layer and skin. The body is covered by the textile with embedded ice layer to protect the human from the overheating. The heat transfer within each horizontal plane is modelled using a simple sector model. With these simplifications the problem is reduced to the solution of the one dimensional heat conduction equation with certain initial and boundary conditions. The equation is solved numerically using inhouse code based on the finite differential method. Numerical calculations are performed with the aim to determine the ice layer thickness necessary to keep the temperature of the human body core at the temperature of 36.7 ∘ ±1 ∘ within one hour. Results of simulations were utilized to design a special protection clothes for rescue team working in the mining industry. The experiments with clothes supported the simulation prediction. Content Type Journal Article Category Originalarbeiten/Originals Pages 1-7 DOI 10.1007/s10010-012-0159-6 Authors Irina Cherunova, Chair of the Modelling and Design, Don State Technical University, Shevchenko Str. 147, 346500 Shakhty, Russia Nikolai Kornev, Chair of the Modelling and Simulation, University of Rostock, A. Einstein Str. 2, 18059 Rostock, Germany Ivan Brink, Chair of the Modelling and Design, Don State Technical University, Shevchenko Str. 147, 346500 Shakhty, Russia Journal Forschung im Ingenieurwesen Online ISSN 1434-0860 Print ISSN 0015-7899
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2012-11-19
    Description:    Das Verhalten einer Flüssigkeitsströmung in einem engen vertikalen Spalt mit einer gekühlten und einer beheizten Seitenwand wurde experimentell in einer vergangenen Studie hinsichtlich des Wärme- und Massentransports untersucht (Heiland et al. in Heat Mass Transf 43:863–870, 2007 ). Dieser Studie folgend wurde unter Anwendung der Flüssigkristalltechnik zur Strömungssichtbarmachung eine Untersuchung der thermischen Konvektion in einer engen Kavität unter variablem Neigungswinkel durchgeführt. Geschwindigkeits- und Temperaturfeld der Strömung wurden vermessen. Unter anderem zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass ab einem Neigungswinkel von ca. 5 ∘ –15 ∘ eine drastische Änderung der Strömungs- und Temperaturfeldtopologie auftritt, welche sich qualitativ bis zu einem Neigungswinkel von 90 ∘ nicht mehr ändert. Content Type Journal Article Category Originalarbeiten/Originals Pages 1-9 DOI 10.1007/s10010-012-0157-8 Authors H. G. Heiland, SUVIS GmbH, Altchemnitzer Straße 11, 09120 Chemnitz, Deutschland O. Sommer, Institut für Mechanik und Thermodynamik, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09125 Chemnitz, Deutschland G. Wozniak, Institut für Mechanik und Thermodynamik, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09125 Chemnitz, Deutschland Journal Forschung im Ingenieurwesen Online ISSN 1434-0860 Print ISSN 0015-7899
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2012-06-01
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2012-08-17
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2012-11-15
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2012-11-09
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2012-11-16
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2012-04-24
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  • 81
  • 82
    Publication Date: 2012-05-16
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2012-04-24
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2012-04-24
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2011-06-11
    Description:    Existing non-Gaussian closure method is usually applied to non-linear systems with white noise excitation only. But random vibration of vehicle is excited by correlated road spectrum. To solve vibration responses of a non-linear automotive suspension system, the non-Gaussian closure solution procedure is improved by introducing an additional subsystem which described by a simple differential equation to the vehicle model. A car model with two degrees of freedom against three different types of damping is analyzed based on this proposed method. Some important parameters such as acceleration response, relative loads between the wheel and the road, and passing-through frequency of suspension system were calculated effectively. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-11 DOI 10.1007/s10010-011-0142-7 Authors Fengrong Bi, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, China S. Jack Hu, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA Baoan Song, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, 300132 Tianjin, China Journal Forschung im Ingenieurwesen Online ISSN 1434-0860 Print ISSN 0015-7899
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  • 86
    facet.materialart.
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    Publication Date: 2011-05-11
    Description:    Die Festigkeitshypothesen und Fließflächen aus den klassischen Kursen der Mechanik (die Normalspannungshypothese, die Modelle nach von Mises und Tresca) reichen oft nicht aus, das tatsächliche Verhalten von Bauteilen unter Belastung zu erfassen. Deshalb werden in der Literatur weitere Modelle mit einem oder mehreren Parametern vorgeschlagen. Diese Modelle beschränken allerdings die Geometrien der zulässigen Formen der Flächen im Spannungsraum. In dieser Arbeit wird ein auf die Zugspannung normiertes Druck-Torsion-Diagramm vorgestellt, in dem sich die Modelle inkompressiblen Materialverhaltens miteinander vergleichen lassen. Mit diesem Diagramm wird der Begriff der Symmetrie der Fläche in der π -Ebene verdeutlicht. Die konvexen Flächen inkompressiblen Materialverhaltens sind im Diagramm durch zwei Modelle extremaler Fließfiguren beschränkt. Auf der Basis von verallgemeinerten Modellen (Radcig-Modell und konvexe Kombination der Modelle von Sayir und Haythornthwaite) wird die minimale Anzahl der Parameter für die Abbildung konvexen Formen inkompressiblen Materialverhaltens diskutiert. Wegen der Komplexität werden diese Modelle für die Praxis nicht empfohlen. Daneben wird ein so genanntes geometrisch-mechanisches Modell mit zwei Parametern vorgeschlagen, das mehrere konvexe Formen beinhaltet. Durch die Variation der Potenz der Spannung in diesem Modell wird versucht, einen maximalen Bereich an konvexen Lösungen im Druck-Torsion-Diagramm zu erhalten. Die Analyse von Fließflächen ist mit der Berechnung der Konvexitätsgrenzen verbunden. Bei der analytischen Überprüfung der Konvexität wird von einer Formel von Betten-Troost ausgegangen. Einige Restriktionen, denen die Konvexität unterliegt, werden mit dieser Formel jedoch nicht erkannt. Eine Nachrechnung der Formel von Betten-Troost hat zu zusätzlichen Termen geführt. Da die Einschränkungen bei der Herleitung der Formel nicht bekannt sind, wird hier mit der korrigierten Gleichung gearbeitet. Um kompressibles Materialverhalten beschreiben zu können, wird die erste Spannungsinvariante in die Modellgleichungen eingeführt. In Abhängigkeit von der vorhandenen Potenzen der Vergleichsspannung in den Modellgleichungen werden drei einfache Transformationen vorgeschlagen, die die Anwendung der Modelle deutlich vereinfachen. Bei dieser Vorgehensweise erübrigt sich die Überprüfung der Konvexität in den Meridianschnitten. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-20 DOI 10.1007/s10010-011-0135-6 Authors A. Bolchoun, Deutsches Kunstoff-Institut Darmstadt, Schloßgartenstr. 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Deutschland V. A. Kolupaev, Deutsches Kunstoff-Institut Darmstadt, Schloßgartenstr. 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Deutschland H. Altenbach, Lehrstuhl Technische Mechanik, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität-Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Deutschland Journal Forschung im Ingenieurwesen Online ISSN 1434-0860 Print ISSN 0015-7899
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2011-05-22
    Description:    In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Untersuchungen zur Berechnung der fluidmechanischen Eigenschaften von Kraftstoffdampf-Luft-Gemischen beschrieben. Ziel der Untersuchung war es, Modelle zur Berechnung der dynamischen Viskosität und der Dichte von Kraftstoffdampf-Luft-Gemischen zu erhalten. Dazu wurden Kraftstoffanalysen von Ottokraftstoffen durchgeführt. Aus diesen Daten wurde eine Datenbank mit den Einzelkomponenten aufgebaut. Diese wurde um die temperaturabhängigen Dampfdrücke und dynamische Viskositäten erweitert. In Experimenten konnte der Luftanteil des bei der Betankung aus dem Kraftstoffbehälter entweichenden Gases bestimmt werden. Mit diesen Daten kann von der Zusammensetzung der Flüssigkeit auf die Gasphase und deren Eigenschaften geschlossen werden. Weiter wurden mit den ermittelten Daten parametrische Modelle zur Berechnung der mittleren Molmasse, Dichte und dynamischen Viskosität von Kraftstoffdampf-Luft-Gemischen entwickelt. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-22 DOI 10.1007/s10010-011-0138-3 Authors Heinz-Jürgen Geurtz, Porsche AG, Porschestrasse, 71287 Weissach, Deutschland Journal Forschung im Ingenieurwesen Online ISSN 1434-0860 Print ISSN 0015-7899
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2011-11-11
    Description:    This paper describes porous rotors manufactured from open cell aluminium foam. Rotor construction and theoretical description of fluid flow through rotating porous material are presented. Nine porous rotors made of materials with three different average pore sizes, with or without inducer, three rotor heights and two inlet diameters were selected and compared to a classical rotor with blades. Measurements involved two parts, measurement of pressure drop on non-rotating rotors while integral flow characteristics were measured on rotating rotors. Pressure drops for selected rotors agree well with theoretically calculated values based on Darcy-Forchheimer equation and Ergun equation. Measurements of integral aerodynamic and acoustic characteristics for selected rotors are presented. At low volume flow rates porous rotors have lower aerodynamic efficiency, comparable dimensionless pressure and lower noise compared to classical rotors with blades. Content Type Journal Article Category Originalarbeiten/Originals Pages 1-14 DOI 10.1007/s10010-011-0147-2 Authors G. Benedik, Domel d.o.o., Otoki 21, 4228 Železniki, Slovenia B. Širok, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia M. Eberlinc, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia M. Hočevar, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia Journal Forschung im Ingenieurwesen Online ISSN 1434-0860 Print ISSN 0015-7899
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2011-11-05
    Description:    Intensive research in the field of mathematical modelling of the pneumatic cylinder has shown that its mathematical model is nonlinear and that a lot of important details cannot be included in the model. Selection of the model and the identification method have been conditioned by the following facts: (a)  The nonlinear model of the system can be approximated by a linear model with time-variant parameters. (b)  There is the influence of the combination of heat coefficient, unknown discharge coefficient and change of temperature on the pneumatic cylinder model. Therefore it is assumed that the parameters of the pneumatic cylinder are random (stochastic parameters). (c)  In practical conditions, observations have a non-Gaussian distribution. Due to the abovementioned reasons, it is assumed that the pneumatic cylinder model is a linear stochastic model with variable parameters. The Masreliez-Martin filter (robust Kalman filter) was used for identification of parameters of the model. For the purpose of increasing the practical value of the filter, the following two heuristic modifications were performed: (1)  It was adopted that T ( k )=1 holds for the scalar transformation of residuals. (2)  Fisher information was approximated by a derivative of the Huber’s function. The proposed modifications were confirmed through intensive simulations. In order to provide persistent excitation, the autocovariance function “1/ f ” of the signal was used. The behaviour of the new approach to identification of the pneumatic cylinder is illustrated by simulations. Content Type Journal Article Category Originalarbeiten/Originals Pages 1-14 DOI 10.1007/s10010-011-0144-5 Authors V. Filipovic, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Kraljevo, Department of Energetics and Automatic Control, University of Kragujevac, Dositejeva 19, 36000 Kraljevo, Serbia N. Nedic, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Kraljevo, Department of Energetics and Automatic Control, University of Kragujevac, Dositejeva 19, 36000 Kraljevo, Serbia V. Stojanovic, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Kraljevo, Department of Energetics and Automatic Control, University of Kragujevac, Dositejeva 19, 36000 Kraljevo, Serbia Journal Forschung im Ingenieurwesen Online ISSN 1434-0860 Print ISSN 0015-7899
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2011-11-16
    Description:    Therapeutic hypothermia has been the most effective therapy to treat serious cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Among them, intravascular cooling is identified as a most efficient approach to induce brain hypothermia. However until now, some key parameters and temperature management method for intravascular cooling are still not well addressed because of the complexity of human thermoregulation mechanism. Aiming at predicting temperature variation of tissues and organs in a more accurate way during therapeutic hypothermia, this study is dedicated to integrate the blood flow model in the circle of Willis together with the compartmental model for characterizing the heat and blood transport throughout the whole human body. According to the theoretical evaluation, the new model could well simulate the temperature response of the whole human body especially the brain under various cooling. Effects of different intervention site and cooling power to the hypothermia performance are discussed, which shows that carotid artery intervention is a more suitable therapeutic hypothermia method in comparison with femoral artery or femoral vein intervention. These results could help design controlling software for intravascular therapeutic hypothermia device in the near future. Content Type Journal Article Category Originalarbeiten/Originals Pages 1-13 DOI 10.1007/s10010-011-0148-1 Authors Xu Xue, Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 P.R. China Jing Liu, Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 P.R. China Journal Forschung im Ingenieurwesen Online ISSN 1434-0860 Print ISSN 0015-7899
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2011-11-07
    Description:    A new vertical single-regulated mixed-flow turbine with conical guide apparatus and without spiral casing is presented in this paper. Runner blades are fixed to the hub and runner band and resemble to the Francis type runner of extremely high specific speed. Due to lack of information and guidelines for the design of a new turbine, a theoretical model was developed in order to determinate the design duty point, i.e. to determine the optimum narrow operation range of the turbine. It is not necessary to know the kinematic conditions at the runner inlet, but only general information on the geometry of turbine flow-passage, meridional contour of the runner and blading, the number of blades and the turbine speed of rotation. The model is based on the integral tangential lift coefficient, which is the average value over the entire runner blading. The results are calculated for the lift coefficient 0.5 and 0.6, for the flow coefficient range from 0.2 to 0.36, for the number of the blades between 5 and 13, and are finally presented in the Cordier diagram (specific speed vs. specific diameter). Calculated results of the turbine optimum operation in Cordier diagram correspond very well to the adequate area of Kaplan turbines with medium and low specific speed and extends into the area of Francis turbines with high specific speed. Presented model clearly highlights the parameters that affect specific load of the runner blade row and therefore the optimum turbine operation (discharge—turbine head). The presented method is not limited to a specific reaction type of the hydraulic turbine. The method can therefore be applied to a wide range from mixed-flow (radial-axial) turbines to the axial turbines. Applicability of the method may be considered as a tool in the first stage of the turbine design i.e. when designing the meridional geometry and selecting the number of blades according to calculated operating point. Geometric and energy parameters are generally defined to an extent that these parameters are considered in detailed design using turbulent viscous flow CFD solver. Content Type Journal Article Category Originalarbeiten/Originals Pages 1-12 DOI 10.1007/s10010-011-0145-4 Authors E. Höfler, Gradišče XV-5, 1291 Škofljica, Slovenia B. Širok, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia A. Bergant, Litostroj Power, d.o.o., Litostrojska 50, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia Journal Forschung im Ingenieurwesen Online ISSN 1434-0860 Print ISSN 0015-7899
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2011-11-07
    Description:    The paper presents an elastic multiple-mass model for rotordynamic analysis of flexible electrical rotors supported in sleeve bearings, considering mechanical unbalances and electromagnetic forces. This model has been especially developed for flexible electrical rotors, which operate near below or near above the first critical bending speed of the rotor. Using this simplified model, a static rotor active part eccentricity can be simulated and the orbital movement of the rotor can be calculated. Additionally, the influence of different balancing concepts—elastic balancing versus rigid balancing—on the shaft vibrations is analyzed. To verify the model, a finite element analysis was performed, which indicates a satisfactory match. On the one hand, the aim of the paper is to derive an elastic multiple-mass model for rotordynamic analysis of flexible electrical rotors for special boundary conditions. On the other hand, the aim is to show the mathematical coherences—based on a simplified model—between the rotordynamics, the oil film characteristics of the sleeve bearings, the elasticity of the rotor structure, the electromagnetics and the balancing concept. Content Type Journal Article Category Originalarbeiten/Originals Pages 1-21 DOI 10.1007/s10010-011-0146-3 Authors U. Werner, Industry, Drive Technologies, Large Drives, Products R&D, Siemens AG, Vogelweiherstraße 1-15, 90441 Nuremberg, Germany Journal Forschung im Ingenieurwesen Online ISSN 1434-0860 Print ISSN 0015-7899
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2011-07-30
    Description:    Bei der Beanspruchung einer dicken Scheibe aus Kalknatronglas mit einem Kugeleindruckgerät entstehen vielfältige und komplizierte Bruchbilder. Im Ergebnis einer Systematisierung konnte gezeigt werden, dass eine aus vier Zonen bestehende Grundstruktur angenommen werden kann. Die detaillierte Ausbildung der einzelnen Zonen wird von der Beanspruchungshöhe bestimmt. Es konnten vielfach Lanzetten festgestellt werden, und es wird angenommen, dass diese Brüche beim Übergang individueller Muschelbrüche (lateraler Ausbrüche) entstehen und somit an die elastisch-plastische Phase der Beanspruchung gebunden sind. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Lanzettenbildung Elemente fraktaler Geometrie beinhaltet. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-18 DOI 10.1007/s10010-011-0140-9 Authors A. Momber, Fakultät für Georessourcen und Materialtechnologie, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Brunsstraße 10, 21073 Hamburg, Deutschland Journal Forschung im Ingenieurwesen Online ISSN 1434-0860 Print ISSN 0015-7899
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2011-05-24
    Description:    Untersuchungen von belasteten Schneckengetrieben basieren bislang in erster Linie auf experimentellen Versuchen an Prüfständen. Die komplexen geometrischen Eingriffsverhältnisse erlauben bislang keine zuverlässigen Rechnersimulationen von belasteten Schneckengetrieben. Die für den Verschleiß und Grübchen relevante Hertzsche Flächenpressung im Zahnkontakt eines Schneckentriebes ist bislang experimentell wie auch theoretisch nicht sicher bestimmbar. Mit Hilfe eines FEM-Modellgenerators lässt sich ein beliebiger Schneckenradsatz erzeugen und berechnen. Auf Basis der FEM-Ergebnisse lassen sich neben dem Zahnkontakt auch die Peripheriebereiche untersuchen. Mit Hilfe der FEM lassen sich so auch Belastungen bewerten, die bereits zu elastisch-plastischen Deformationen an der Verzahnung führen. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-13 DOI 10.1007/s10010-011-0137-4 Authors W. Predki, Lehrstuhl für Maschinenelemente, Getriebe und Kraftfahrzeuge, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Deutschland J. Hermes, Siemens Geared Motors GmbH, Tübingen, Deutschland Journal Forschung im Ingenieurwesen Online ISSN 1434-0860 Print ISSN 0015-7899
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2011-06-06
    Description:    Der Druckverlauf im Laufrad, im Seitenkanal und im Unterbrecher eines Seitenkanalverdichters mit der polytropen Kompression und mit der polytropen Expansion des Unterbrechermassestromes wurde experimentell untersucht, wobei auch die auftretenden Verdichtungsstöße bei der Expansion des Gases im Unterbrecher entdeckt wurden. Dabei stellen sich an den vier Messstellen im Schaufelkanal auf der Schaufeldruck- und saugseite bei den bezogenen Radien von r i / r 2 =0,80 und r a / r 2 =0,95 unterschiedliche Druckverläufe ein, die einen Hinweis auf die Schaufelkanalströmung geben. Neben der periodischen Drucksteigerung und der Gasexpansion im Unterbrecher wird im Seitenkanal die überlagerte Druckschwingung durch die Schaufeldrehfrequenz verursacht. Diese überlagerte Druckschwingung lässt sich mit Hilfe der Fouriertransformation in die beiden Druckschwingungsanteile zerlegen. Diese Erscheinungen sind Anlass dafür, die Druckverläufe im Schaufelkanal während der polytropen Kompression und der Expansion des Unterbrechermassestromes genauer zu untersuchen. Die Gradienten der Effektivwerte der Gasdruckschwingung im Schaufelkanal führen nicht nur zur Betriebskennlinie des Seitenkanalverdichters Δ p = f ( ϕ , n ), sondern auch zur Unterbrecherkennlinie Δ p U = f ( ϕ , n ). Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-14 DOI 10.1007/s10010-011-0141-8 Authors D. Surek, An-Institut Fluid- und Pumpentechnik, Hochschule Merseburg, Geusaer Str., 06217 Merseburg, Deutschland Journal Forschung im Ingenieurwesen Online ISSN 1434-0860 Print ISSN 0015-7899
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2011-06-06
    Description:    Bauteile aus zähen Werkstoffen unter statischer Belastung können auf verschiedene Art versagen. Die beiden wichtigsten Fälle sind Versagen durch Fließen und durch Bruch. Dabei ist die Belastung beim Fließen kleiner als beim Bruch. Weil der Bruch ein gefährlicherer Schaden als das beginnende Fließen ist, kann die Sicherheit gegen die Fließgrenze geringer sein als die Sicherheit gegenüber Bruch. Das Versagen durch Fließen wird üblicherweise mit der Gestaltänderungs-Energie-Hypothese (GEH) erklärt. Diese Hypothese macht die vom Bauteil aufgenommene Gestaltänderungs-Arbeit für das Versagen verantwortlich. Hier wird nun gezeigt, dass für Spannungszustände, die ein Fließen des Werkstoffs nicht zulassen, ergänzende Hypothesen z. B. durch Ansätze mit der Formänderungs-Energie zu erwägen sind. Die Zugversuche mit Flachproben zeigen bei zähen Werkstoffen einen schrägen Bruchverlauf. Der entsprechende Bruchwinkel wird bisher nicht erfasst. Die Auswertung dieses Bruchwinkels führt nun zur Formulierung einer alternativen Bruchhypothese. Die genauere Betrachtung der Vergleichsspannung bei räumlichen Lastfällen kann zeigen, wie die Vergleichsspannung in unterschiedlichen Betrachtungsebenen variiert. Daraus kann eine unterschiedliche Richtungsintensität der Vergleichsspannung und ein entsprechender zusätzlicher Sicherheitshilfsfaktor abgeleitet werden. Ein Ausblick auf anstehende Untersuchungen zur Absicherung der aufgestellten Hypothesen wird gegeben. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-10 DOI 10.1007/s10010-011-0139-2 Authors W. Krökel, Fakultät Maschinenbau, Hochschule Ravensburg-Weingarten, Postfach 1261, 88241 Weingarten, Deutschland Journal Forschung im Ingenieurwesen Online ISSN 1434-0860 Print ISSN 0015-7899
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2011-01-07
    Description:    Die Eintrittsebene angeströmter Bohrungen ist ein Teil der wärmeübertragenden Fläche in Kühlstrukturen für Gasturbinenbrennkammern sowie Turbinenschaufeln und in Wärmeübertragern. Die vorgestellten experimentellen Untersuchungen wurden in Luftströmungen mit Naphthalinsublimation für die Analogie Wärme-Stoffübertragung und mit Heizfolie nach der Übertemperaturmethode durchgeführt. Danach ist der Anteil des Bohrungsrandes an der zugeordneten Bohrungsumgebung maßgebend, deren Größe vom Mittenabstand der Bohrungen bestimmt wird. Die höchsten Wärmeübertragungskoeffizienten liegen am Bohrungsrand. Beim senkrechten Anströmen ist der Wärmeübergang rotationssymmetrisch. Die Gegenüberstellung der Ergebnisse mit Literaturangaben erfolgt über das für wärmetechnische Berechnungen interessierende Produkt flächengemittelter Wärmeübergangskoeffizient und zugeordnete Fläche. Bei überströmten Bohrungen ist der Wärmeübergang nicht rotationssymmetrisch. Content Type Journal Article DOI 10.1007/s10010-010-0130-3 Authors E. Kaiser, Institut für Strömungsmechanik, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Deutschland Journal Forschung im Ingenieurwesen Online ISSN 1434-0860 Print ISSN 0015-7899
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2011-01-19
    Description:    Gegenstand der vorliegenden Untersuchungen ist die orts- und temperaturabhängige Bestimmung und Modellierung der von den Sprüheigenschaften von Rund- und Flachstrahldüsen innerer Mischung bestimmten Wärmeübergangskoeffizienten. Thermographisch gemessene Abkühlverläufe von einseitig sprühgekühlten Scheiben einer Aluminium-Gusslegierung des Typs AlSi10Mg dienen als Ausgangsdaten für die Berechnungen der Wärmeübergangskoeffizienten. Diese erfolgen anhand des Modells einer halbunendlichen Platte gelöst mittels einer Reihenentwicklung. Beim einseitigen Sprühkühlen von Platten kann eine Abhängigkeit der Wärmeübergangskoeffizienten von dem Abstand zum Beaufschlagungszentrum und der Oberflächentemperatur bestimmt und modelliert werden. Der in anderen Arbeiten beobachtete Einfluss der Sprühparameter und der Werkstücktemperatur auf den Wärmeübergangskoeffizienten kann bestätigt werden. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-10 DOI 10.1007/s10010-011-0131-x Authors D. Rodman, Institut für Werkstoffkunde, Leibniz Universität Hannover, An der Universität 2, 30823 Garbsen, Germany K. Kerber, Institut für Werkstoffkunde, Leibniz Universität Hannover, An der Universität 2, 30823 Garbsen, Germany Z. Yu, Institut für Werkstoffkunde, Leibniz Universität Hannover, An der Universität 2, 30823 Garbsen, Germany I. Mozgova, Institut für Werkstoffkunde, Leibniz Universität Hannover, An der Universität 2, 30823 Garbsen, Germany F. Nürnberger, Institut für Werkstoffkunde, Leibniz Universität Hannover, An der Universität 2, 30823 Garbsen, Germany F.-W. Bach, Institut für Werkstoffkunde, Leibniz Universität Hannover, An der Universität 2, 30823 Garbsen, Germany Journal Forschung im Ingenieurwesen Online ISSN 1434-0860 Print ISSN 0015-7899
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  • 99
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    Springer
    Publication Date: 2011-04-27
    Description: Mitteilung der Herausgeber Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-2 DOI 10.1007/s10010-011-0133-8 Journal Forschung im Ingenieurwesen Online ISSN 1434-0860 Print ISSN 0015-7899
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2011-05-04
    Description:    In problems requiring uniform cutting speeds uniform flow rates etc. slider-crank mechanisms provide economical solutions. Thus, the problem of designing slider-crank mechanisms for desirable slider positions and velocities is handled within a geometric framework in this paper. Here, the rotation of the crank has been related to the translation of the slider through a linear function. A unified methodology comprising the so-called Subdomain, Galerkin methods together with the classical collocation method is implemented to find the values of the parameters involved. The effectiveness of the methodology has been demonstrated on numerical examples. Since more than one solution results from the solution process, it is always possible to form multi-loop mechanisms. Moreover, designs with low velocity errors in the forward stroke exhibit similar feature in the backward stroke too. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-11 DOI 10.1007/s10010-011-0134-7 Authors İ. D. Akçalı, MACTIMARUM Research and Application Center, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey M. A. Arıoğlu, Mechanical Engineering Department, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey Journal Forschung im Ingenieurwesen Online ISSN 1434-0860 Print ISSN 0015-7899
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