ALBERT

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: June 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Water Resources and Industry, Volume 21〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Sonya Ardley, Paul Arnold, Jessica Younker, Jennie Rand〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈p〉Carrot and blueberry processing wastewaters were tested to determine total suspended solids (TSS) and organics (COD and BOD〈sub〉5〈/sub〉) levels before and after wastewater treatment. Wastewater treatment by filtration through 1/8″ and 1/16″ reels provided no significant reduction in either TSS, COD or BOD〈sub〉5〈/sub〉. Blueberry wastewater was found to have TSS concentrations of 297 ± 85 mgL〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉, BOD〈sub〉5〈/sub〉 concentrations of 1013 ± 292 mgL〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉, a maximum respiration rate of 10.3 mg(L h)〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 and COD concentrations of 1947 ± 388 mgL〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 before discharge. The final effluent of carrot processing wastewater had TSS concentrations of 3030 ± 2975 mgL〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉, BOD〈sub〉5〈/sub〉 concentrations of 2780 ± 1848 mgL〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉, a maximum respiration rate of 65 mg(L h)〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 and COD concentrations of 6363 ± 2760 mgL〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉. After acclimatization, extended respiration tests indicated a dramatic reduction in oxygen demand was possible in post-reel wastewater, with a 75% reduction in respiration rate over 150 h for blueberry wastewater and an 85% reduction in respiration rate over only 20 h for the more organically-rich carrot wastewater.〈/p〉 〈p〉Bench-scale treatments of preliminary settling, alum coagulation and sedimentation, and aeration were performed on the carrot processing wastewater. Preliminary settling and coagulation-sedimentation were highly effective for TSS removal, achieving 99% reduction in TSS as compared to raw wastewater, but were not effective for organics removal, however, aeration for eight hours with activated sludge achieved 73% removal of COD and 42% removal of BOD〈sub〉5〈/sub〉, indicating that biological treatment was the most promising avenue for organics removal from carrot processing wastewater.〈/p〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: June 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Water Resources and Industry, Volume 21〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Oscar Gustavo Miranda Sandoval, Alma Elia Leal Orozco, Sandra Valenzuela, Gerardo Cesar Díaz Trujillo〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈p〉A wastewater regeneration treatment was successfully designed by using modified amorphous silica as an adsorption agent, this ceramic material is generated as an industrial waste in a geothermal power plant located in the City of Mexicali, Baja California.〈/p〉 〈p〉A tertiary wastewater process for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater was designed by modifying purified amorphous silica (99.40% by weight) with low cost reagents as urea and sodium carbonate in a sol – gel reaction.〈/p〉 〈p〉The wastewater treatment with the urea modification allowed to eliminate 40% of chromium and zinc, 70% of nickel, 60% of copper and 90% of lead; while the carbonate modification allowed to remove 30% of nickel, 70 – 80% of chromium and copper and over 90% of aluminum and zinc; achieving a good effluent quality with optimal chemical-physical conditions for its re -use.〈/p〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: June 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Water Resources and Industry, Volume 21〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Mohammadreza Kamali, Seyedeh Azadeh Alavi-Borazjani, Zahra Khodaparast, Mohammadreza Khalaj, Akram Jahanshahi, Elisabete Costa, Isabel Capela〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In the present manuscript, novel effluent treatment processes for pulp and paper mill effluents are divided into two categories: a) those involving the use of chemical additives and b) those which are free of such chemicals. It is especially of high importance for pulp and paper industry to adopt the most efficient and cost-effective treatment methods. This paper critically reviews the recent studies on the treatment of pulp and paper mill effluents while providing suggestions for further studies on the application of various physic-chemical and biological methods for the treatment of such complex effluents containing a number of recalcitrant pollutants.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S2212371717300707-fx1.jpg" width="500" alt="fx1" title="fx1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: June 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Water Resources and Industry, Volume 21〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Joeri Willet, Koen Wetser, Jan Vreeburg, Huub H.M. Rijnaarts〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The projected increase of industrial water demands raises the need to assess the environmental sustainability of industrial water use. Assessment methods need to use Sustainable Systems Indicators (SSIs) which relate resource use to the carrying capacity of the local environment. SSIs for water use evaluate whether water use exceeds the natural water renewal (quantity) and whether emissions remain within the assimilation capacity of ecosystems (quality). We systematically reviewed the scientific literature to show which methods are used to assess industrial water use, and of these, which methods incorporate SSIs. In total, 82 assessment methods were identified in 340 papers. The methods were assigned to five categories: Key Performance Indicators, Composite Indices, Environmental Accounting, Material and Energy Flow Analysis, and Life Cycle Analysis. In 26% of the reviewed papers, the assessment methods used SSIs. The number of papers incorporating SSIs is growing at a slower rate than the overall number of papers in the area of sustainability assessments of industrial water use. Considering the expected growth in industrial water use this poses a risk to sustainable water use. The best performing category in terms of incorporating SSIs is Material and Energy Flow Analysis (42% of papers). Papers assessing several industrial sectors in the same study incorporate SSIs more frequently (68%) than research focused on a single industry or process (20%). We discuss examples from the reviewed papers which successfully incorporate SSIs, in order to: (1) identify the elements needed to create SSIs for industrial water use, (2) aid researchers and practitioners in selecting methods which incorporate SSIs, and (3) provide a starting point for future methodological development incorporating SSIs.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S2212371718300404-fx1.jpg" width="500" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: June 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Water Resources and Industry, Volume 21〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ali Izadi, Morteza Hosseini, Ghasem Najafpour Darzi, Gholamreza Nabi Bidhendi, Farshid Pajoum Shariati〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Recently, new technologies regarding water and wastewater treatment have been developed and among these processes, the fixed bed biofilm reactor combined with membrane bioreactor is the recent alternative solution to conventional technologies. In this research, an integrated fixed bed membrane bioreactor (FBMBR) with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 36 h was developed to remove pollutants from real paper-recycling wastewater. The removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium, nitrite, nitrate and total nitrogen (TN) for permeate and supernatant were in the range of 92–99%, 59–97%, 78–97%, 59–98% and 68–92%, respectively. In addition, the membrane fouling was evaluated by transmembrane pressure (TMP) monitoring during experimental period at a constant flux of 12 l m〈sup〉−2〈/sup〉.h〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉, and the TMP increasing rate was 2 mbar/day. The results as a whole indicated that the FBMBR can be applied effectively to removal of pollutants from real paper-recycling wastewater.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S2212371718301409-fx1.jpg" width="262" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 18 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Water Resources and Industry〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Kali D. Frost, Inez Hua〈/p〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S2212371719300150-fx1.jpg" width="500" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 29 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Water Resources and Industry〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Geethu Gopinatha Kurup, Benu Adhikari, Bogdan Zisu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Dairy manufacturing sector generates large quantity of nutrient-rich wastewater which requires treatment before it can be released into the environment. This study aimed to use a low-cost food grade sodium lignosulphonate (Na-lignosulphonate) to recover proteins and lipids from dairy wastewater and reduce the BOD. The colloidal particles of wastewater sample were precipitated with varying the concentration of Na-lignosulphonate (0.002–0.032%, w/v) and pH of medium (1.0–3.5). Experiments were conducted at ambient (22 °C) and mildly elevated (40 °C) temperatures. At the optimum concentration (0.016%, w/v) of Na-lignosulphonate, the highest turbidity removal (98%) was achieved at pH 3.5 and at both temperatures. This method recovered 96% lipids and 46% proteins (mostly caseins) and reduced the BOD by 73% at 22 °C. Na-lignosulphonate is found to be an effective coagulant owing to its ability to readily complex with positively charged colloidal particles at acidic pH.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: December 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Water Resources and Industry, Volume 22〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Roya Mourad, Hadi H. Jaafar, Nuhad Daghir〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The Middle East and North Africa region (MENA) is one of the most water-scarce worldwide. Up-to-date estimates of the origin and types of water use in various industries are necessary to manage water resources and guide food and water policies. The objective of this study is to determine new estimates for the color-coded water footprint (WF). Using the Water Footprint Network approach, country-specific blue, green and grey WFs and total virtual water were calculated for 2010–2016 using recent production data. We find that animal production in MENA increased by 50% as compared to the previous decade. Virtual water consumption account for more than 80 billion m〈sup〉3〈/sup〉 annually, mostly for beef (61%), followed by broilers (20%), and sheep (17%). 40% of which is local. Almost 50% of the feed grains used in the region are produced locally, accounting for 40% of the total WF for animal production in MENA.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: June 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Water Resources and Industry, Volume 21〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Keiji Nakamura, Norihiro Itsubo〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Japanese pigs are farmed by giving them cereal crop feed, consequently, the Japanese pig industry increases indirect impact on the environment. Contrastingly, French pigs are farmed by feeding them an appropriate quantity of low-protein feed to decrease environmental impact of feed cereal cultivation. The proposed study aims to assess the carbon and water footprints of conventional and low-protein pig feeds in the French model and extends these findings to Japan. When essential amino acids of soybean meals were partially replaced by industrially manufactured amino acids (forming a low-protein feed), the carbon and water-consumption footprints in France were lowered by 0.41 t-CO2/t-feed and 100 m3/t-feed, respectively. The low-protein feed also incurred a 10% lower water-eutrophication footprint in comparison with the conventional feed. Based on these findings, if low-protein feed is widely used in Japan, the pig industry would reduce CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 emissions and water consumption by 248,000 t-CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉/y and 68,000 km〈sup〉3〈/sup〉/y, respectively.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: June 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Water Resources and Industry, Volume 21〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Sudip Kumar Sen, Prasanta Patra, Chitta Ranjan Das, Smita Raut, Sangeeta Raut〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In the present investigation, a number of experiments have been conducted for mineralization of wastewater containing methyl orange (MO) in integrated biofilm bioreactor with coconut fiber as natural bio-material. The color removal expected from the standard curve of dye versus optical density at its maximum absorption wavelength (460 nm) were 87% and COD removals were 69〈em〉%. Pseudomonas putida〈/em〉 showed a strong ability to decolorize methyl orange under aerobic conditions at pH 7.0 and ambient temperature were considered to be the optimum decolorizing conditions under static state. The spectral analysis of UV–Visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (〈sup〉1〈/sup〉H NMR) corrugated the metabolic products formed during the degradation. The nutritional profile of wheat grains irrigated with TTW has enhanced with respect to Energy 241%, Carbohydrate 212% and Protein 402% in comparison to grains obtained on irrigation with Textile wastewater (TWW).〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S2212371718300489-fx1.jpg" width="252" alt="fx1" title="fx1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: June 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Water Resources and Industry, Volume 23〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Hussein I. Abdel-Shafy, Madiha A. Shoeib, Mohamed A. El-Khateeb, Ahmed O. Youssef, Omar M. Hafez〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Cooling tower blowdown water (CTBW) was treated with simple electrocoagulation (EC) using magnesium-rod electrode. This study examined the effects of the treatment parameters (current density, electrolysis time, electrode distance, initial pH and stirring speed) on the EC ability to remove hardness ions (Ca〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉, Mg〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉) and dissolved silica from CTBW. Under the optimized condition, magnesium-rod electrode removed 51.80% and 93.70% respectively for total hardness and silica; with an operating cost of 0.88 US$/m〈sup〉3〈/sup〉 treated CTBW. EC sludge has been characterized by SVI, SEM-EDX, XRD, and FTIR exploring the ability of sludge to settle, surface morphology, elemental composition, crystalline type, and functional groups. It can be concluded that EC using magnesium-rod electrode can be successfully applied for the treatment of CTBW to facilitate its reuse.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S2212371719300381-fx1.jpg" width="256" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 1 November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Water Resources and Industry〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Niels van Linden, Ran Shang, Georg Stockinger, Bas Heijman, Henri Spanjers〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈p〉The application of zero liquid discharge (ZLD) results in the generation of solid residual streams, which are often not fit for reuse. In this study, we assessed the separation of natural organic matter (NOM) and sodium chloride (NaCl) by nanofiltration (NF), electrodialysis (ED) and ion exchange (IEX) in the reverse osmosis brine and by SALEX in the generated mixed solids from a full-scale ZLD wastewater treatment plant.〈/p〉 〈p〉The NaCl recovery by NF, ED and IEX ranged 69–99%. The rejection of NOM by NF, ED and IEX ranged 18–19%, 43–65% and 53–76%, respectively. Finally, the recovery of NaCl by SALEX ranged 52–99%, while the rejection of NOM ranged 59–80%. The results showed that NOM and NaCl can be separated both in reverse osmosis brine and mixed solids, opening opportunities for recovery of reusable salt from brines in ZLD.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S2212371719300666-fx1.jpg" width="399" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: June 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Water Resources and Industry, Volume 23〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Fallah Hashemi, Hassan Hashemi, Mohammad Shahbazi, Mansooreh Dehghani, Mohammad Hoseini, Azita Shafeie〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The refining industry is one of the most water consuming industries. Hence, reclamation of effluents can be useful as a sustainable, permanent, and available source of water for refineries. Therefore, this research was conducted aimed to evaluate the efficiency of integrated processes of ultrafiltration, mixed bed ion exchange and multioxidant disinfectant (MOX) as an advanced treatment of oil refinery effluent in order to provide makeup water in cooling towers. Integrated pilot including polysulfone membrane, two types of strong acid cationic resin and strong base anionic resin were used for real effluent reclamation. Finally, the treated effluent was disinfected using on site generated solution of MOX disinfectant. In the optimum Trans Membrane Pressure of 1 bar, removal efficiency of COD (57%), TDS (80%), Turbidity (94%), SiO2 (67%), Oil (88%), HPC (99%) was achieved. Integrated processes was efficient in reclamation of oily effluents in order to provide makeup water in cooling towers.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S2212371719300629-fx1.jpg" width="371" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: December 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Water Resources and Industry, Volume 22〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): S. Vaca-Jiménez, P.W. Gerbens-Leenes, S. Nonhebel〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Hydropower, biomass and thermal power plants (HPPs, BPPs and TPPs) consume water. The WF tool quantifies freshwater consumption. We calculated direct and indirect WFs of 255 Ecuadorian power plants using different technologies and fuels classified into eleven subclasses. Median WFs are largest for BPPs, followed by HPPs, while WFs of TPPs were smallest, but variation in subclasses is enormous. For HPPs, dammed HPPs have relatively large blue WFs, run-of-the-river HPPs have relatively small WFs, although they are significant to their electricity output. The cooling system is paramount for TPPs subclasses. Water-efficient cooling systems (once-through and dry-cooling) have 20% smaller WFs than wet-tower systems. Moreover, the fuel used affects the direct WF of TPPs significantly. Fuel and residue oil require water-intensive preheating; some diesel-fired TPPs use water as GHG control. BPPs are water-intensive because biomass has a large WF. Technology and fuel variation indicate pathways towards more water-efficient electricity mixes.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S2212371718301501-fx1.jpg" width="487" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 23 November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Water Resources and Industry〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Bushra Fatima, Sharf Ilahi Siddiqui, Rabia Ahmed, Saif Ali Chaudhry〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Cadmium tungstate, CdWO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉, is well-known semiconductor which exhibit good photocatalytic properties but its preparation is usually carried out at very high temperature. Hardly any report is available for its preparation through green route, and its application for water treatment. Therefore, the functionalized cadmium tungstate, f-CdWO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉, nanoparticles synthesis through green, environmentally benign route using 〈em〉Brassica rapa〈/em〉 leave extract and sodium tungstate and cadmium iodide was objective of the present work. The formation of f-CdWO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 was confirmed from FT-IR, XRD, and TEM, SEM and UV/Visible spectroscopic techniques. The average size of 54 nm was calculated from XRD analysis, 37.23 nm radius was determined from UV-Visible spectrum, whereas average 27 nm breadth and 120 nm length was found from TEM imaging showing rod shaped f-CdWO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 nanoparticles. The f-CdWO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 was used for removal of toxic Bismarck brown R dye from aqueous solution through adsorption and photocatalytic degradation under sun light. The coloured water containing 10 mgL〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 concentration of dye could be cleaned with 1.5 gL〈sup〉-1〈/sup〉 dose of f-CdWO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 at optimum condition. The adsorption capacity of f-CdWO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 for Bismarck brown R was found to be 46.5, 49.50, and 51.54 mgg〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 at 30, 40 and 50 °C, respectively. The endothermic adsorption of Bismarck brown R followed pseudo-second order kinetics. The interaction between f-CdWO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 and Bismarck brown R, on molecular level, was investigated from FT-IR studies clubbed with isotherm, kinetics, and thermodynamics. The f-CdWO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 also showed good photocatalytic degradation activity and degraded 82.70% of Bismarck brown R in 50 mL solution having 20 mgL〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 dye concentration, with 1.5 gL〈sup〉-1〈/sup〉 dosage of f-CdWO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉. Therefore, f-CdWO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉, prepared through green route, would be efficient for water treatment through both photocatalytic and adsorption activities.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S2212371719300915-fx1.jpg" width="335" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: June 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Water Resources and Industry, Volume 23〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): R. Lutze, M. Engelhart〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Process stability and limitations of loading capacity of anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) and continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) for the treatment of WAS and a lipid-rich flotation sludge from the dairy industry were investigated in pilot scale. The digesters were operated with increasing shares of lipids up to 85% at low sludge retention times (SRT) down to 10 days. High shares of lipids are favorable for treating wastewater sludges from industrial WWTPs on-site instead of their disposal, but often lead to long chain fatty acid (LCFA) accumulations and digester failures. In this study, high COD removals were obtained in all digesters resulting in methane yields over 250 L/kg COD〈sub〉in〈/sub〉. Methane production and COD removal followed substrate first-order kinetics. High lipid shares of COD〈sub〉lipid〈/sub〉 〉 80% did not inhibit COD degradation. Process stability was determined based on the ratio of specific methanogenic activity and mean acetate conversion in the digesters. Process stability depended mainly on SRT and lipid shares in the substrate as both parameters affected the degradable lipid content in the anaerobic sludge. Shorter SRTs and higher shares of lipids in particular reduced process stability as observed by inhibitions of acetoclastic methanogenesis. The OLR was not a decisive factor. When treating COD shares of lipids higher than 80%, SRT should exceed 15 d. COD shares of lipids below 80% were also successfully treated at SRT of 10 d. Residual degradable lipid content of anaerobic sludge negatively influenced process stability starting from 50 mg lipid/g TS. The performance of an AnMBR in terms of COD degradation and process stability corresponds to a CSTR with equal SRT, but can be operated with higher OLRs. At equal HRT compared to a CSTR, the AnMBR offers a higher process stability by extending the SRT.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: December 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Water Resources and Industry, Volume 22〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Muruganandham Thanavel, Paul O. Bankole, Suhas Kadam, Sanjay P. Govindwar, Senthil Kumar Sadasivam〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Acid Fast Yellow MR (AFYMR), a sulphonated reactive textile azo dye, was effectively decolorized by a newly identified bacterial strain 〈em〉Aeromonas hydrophila〈/em〉 SK16. Nineteen isolates were obtained from the textile effluent polluted soil in Perundurai region. Maximum decolorization of AFYMR was observed in 〈em〉Aeromonas hydrophila〈/em〉 SK16. Enzyme activities present in 〈em〉A. hydrophila〈/em〉 SK16 revealed the involvement of oxidoreductase and efficiently decolorized 91.25% of AFYMR (100 mg L〈sup〉-l〈/sup〉) in static condition for 9 h. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed that 〈em〉A. hydrophila〈/em〉 SK16 cells preferred N–H and Sulphur dioxide bonds in the breakdown of AFYMR. The final metabolite supports the degradation of AFYMR through desulfonation as revealed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GCMS) results. Phytotoxicity studies conducted in 〈em〉Oryza sativa〈/em〉 and 〈em〉Zea mays〈/em〉 illustrated significant decrease in toxicity of metabolite produced during decolorization of Acid Fast Yellow MR by 〈em〉Aeromonas hydrophila〈/em〉 SK16.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: December 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Water Resources and Industry, Volume 22〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Lucas Gilsbach, Philip Schütte, Gudrun Franken〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉An increasing number of methods have been developed for guiding water risk assessments in different commodity sectors. With water being a key sustainability challenge in mining operations, these methods may help investors and downstream industries to respond to rising demands for responsible sourcing and investment practices. However, their fundamental predictive accuracy in the mining sector needs to be resolved. This study tests the ability of three assessment methods to adequately reflect water-related risks of a mining operation based on a case study approach for six copper mines. Findings indicate that the methods show potential to support water stewardship strategies. However, a number of constraints arise from variable degrees of evaluation subjectivity, subject generalizations as well as constraints in input data quality. Recommendations based on these findings include suggestions on the development of a mining specific assessment approach and the refinement of assessment language.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: December 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Water Resources and Industry, Volume 20〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): N. Kannan, E. Osei, O. Gallego, A. Saleh〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: June 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Water Resources and Industry, Volume 21〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Stephen A. Northey, Gavin M. Mudd, Tim T. Werner, Nawshad Haque, Mohan Yellishetty〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The advent of corporate sustainability reporting and water accounting standards has resulted in increased disclosure of water use by mining companies. However, there has been limited compilation and analysis of these disclosures. To address this, we compiled a database of 8314 data points from 359 mining company reports, classified according to mining industry water accounting guidelines. The quality of disclosures is shown to have improved considerably over time. Although, opportunities still exist to improve reporting practices, such as by ensuring that all relevant water flows are reported and to explicitly state non-existent flows (e.g. discharges). Initial data analysis reveals considerable variability in water withdrawals, use efficiency and discharges between mining operations. Further work to improve industry coverage and to analyse the influence of mine specific factors such as ore processing methods and local climate will provide insights into the interactions of mining and water resources at a global scale.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: December 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Water Resources and Industry, Volume 20〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Reena Pundir, G.H.V.C. Chary, M.G. Dastidar〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In the present study, the process parameters affecting biosorption were optimized by adopting Analysis of Mean (ANOM) approach for maximizing the percentage removal of copper and nickel by growing 〈em〉Aspergillus〈/em〉 sp. in batch reactor using Taguchi method. The process parameters include inoculum concentration, initial metal concentration, pH and temperature. The optimized conditions were found to be 15% v/v inoculum concentration, 50 mg l〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 concentration of copper/nickel, pH 4 and temperature 30 °C. The percentage contribution of each process parameter on the removal of copper/nickel determined using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) method followed the order: concentration of copper/nickel〉inoculum concentration〉pH〉temperature. The percentage removal of copper and nickel realized in the confirmatory experiments carried out at optimized conditions was found to be higher than that obtained in all the test runs of Taguchi design, thereby supporting the accuracy of optimization of process parameters under the given set of experimental conditions.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: December 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Water Resources and Industry, Volume 20〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Wiem Sdiri, Hechmi Chehab, Tim Reyns, Joris Van Loco, Beligh Mechri, Dalinda Boujnah, Giuseppe Daniel Bua, Hedi Ben Mansour, Giuseppa Di Bella〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In the present study the analysis of the physico-chemical parameters of the collected TWW shows the BOD, COD, COT, Cl〈sup〉-〈/sup〉, NO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉, NO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉, suspended matter, organic matter, turbidity and conductivity were in accordance with the required Tunisian legislations. In the same occurrence, the ICP-MS and the UPLC-MS/MS analysis show that TWW were devoid of different toxic metals and antibiotics, respectively. We opted to reuse of the TWW in the irrigation of young olive trees of two varieties: 〈em〉Olea europaea〈/em〉 L. cv. 〈em〉Chetoui〈/em〉 and 〈em〉Olea europaea〈/em〉 L. cv. 〈em〉Chemlali〈/em〉 which receiving 1 L/week of TWW during five months. Results show that dry roots weight and the content of chlorophyll a in ‘Chetoui’ variety increased significantly (p 〈 0.05) when compared to the control group. On the same way, significantly increase of leaf area, dry roots and leaves weights was observed in ‘Chemlali’ variety treated with TWW.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: December 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Water Resources and Industry, Volume 20〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Erica Pensini, Roy van Lier, Fabrice Cuoq, Wolfgang Hater, Tobias Halthur〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The use of recycled process water in steam crackers leads to the accumulation of corrosive impurities, hence the need for adequate treatment. Two corrosion inhibitor formulations containing N-[(9Z)−9-octadecen-1-yl]−1,3-propanediamine (〈em〉N〈/em〉-oleyl-1,3-propanediamine) with either cyclohexanamine (CHA) or 2-(diethylamino)ethanol (DEAE) were compared for their performance. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and visual observations showed that the two formulations offered comparable protection against corrosion. Bengal Rose testing and experiments conducted using a quartz-crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) indicated that the two formulations yielded similar coverage of the metal surfaces, and that the kinetics of mass adsorption were also similar. QCM-D data further suggested that the films formed with the two formulations had similar rigidity, and contact angle measurements indicated that they formed films with comparable hydrophobicity, which were equally effective in isolating the metal surfaces from water.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S2212371717300239-fx1.jpg" width="450" alt="fx1" title="fx1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: June 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Water Resources and Industry, Volume 19〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Richard P. Taylor, Clifford L.W. Jones, Mark Laing, Joanna Dames〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Brewery effluent (BE) needs to be treated before it can be released into the environment, reused or used in down-stream activities. This study demonstrated that anaerobic digestion (AD) followed by treatment in an integrated tertiary effluent treatment system transformed BE into a suitable solution for crop irrigation. Brewery effluent can be used to improve crop yields: Cabbage (〈em〉Brassica oleracea〈/em〉 cv. Star 3301), grew significantly larger when irrigated with post-AD, post-primary-facultative-pond (PFP) effluent, compared with those irrigated with post-constructed-wetland (CW) effluent or tap water only (p 〈 0.0001). However, cabbage yield when grown using BE was 13% lower than that irrigated with a nutrient-solution and fresh water; the electrical conductivity of BE (3019.05 ± 48.72 µs/cm〈sup〉2〈/sup〉) may have been responsible for this. Post-CW and post-high-rate-algal-pond (HRAP) BE was least suitable due to their higher conductivity and lower nutrient concentration. After three months, soils irrigated with post-AD and post-PFP BE had a significantly higher sodium concentration and sodium adsorption ratio (3919 ± 94.77 & 8.18 ± 0.17 mg/kg) than soil irrigated with a commercial nutrient-solution (920.58 ± 27.46 & 2.20 ± 0.05 mg/kg). However, this was not accompanied by a deterioration in the soil's hydro-physical properties, nor a change in the metabolic community structure of the soil. The benefits of developing this nutrient and water resource could contribute to cost-reductions at the brewery, more efficient water, nutrient and energy management, and job creation. Future studies should investigate methods to reduce the build-up of salt in the soil when treated BE is used to irrigate crops.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: December 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Water Resources and Industry, Volume 20〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): D. Patrick Webb, George Skouteris, Shahin Rahimifard〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉To trial the concept of in-plant real-time manufacturing water content characterisation, a commercial optical system for measuring light absorption and backscatter intensity was used with samples of food industry wastewater, and the results compared with conventional laboratory based water analysis. It is shown that the instrumentation is capable of coping with the range of turbidities presented by the wastewater and that there is some correlation between the absorption and backscatter measurements with the conventional parameters COD and TSS. It is suggested that combining backscatter and absorption data may provide an optical fingerprint of effluent that can be used as a management parameter, for example to identify unexpected contamination events. Potential uses of the instrumentation are discussed, including to provide rapid feedback on effects of system changes on effluent production, and in a feedback control loop to allow reuse of water without compromising product safety.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: June 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Water Resources and Industry, Volume 19〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Cecilia Polizzi, Felipe Alatriste-Mondragón, Giulio Munz〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this study, batch tests on anaerobic digestion of tannery fleshing (skin-residue waste from hides’ tanning process), as sole substrate, have been performed with the purpose of assessing the effects of high substrate concentration and consequent ammonia inhibition on the process. Co-digestion with tannery primary sludge was also evaluated. According to the results, no inhibition occurred at initial organic load up to 5 gVS/l; an inhibited steady state was observed at 10 gVS/l, and system failure and instability was showed at the highest load of 20 gVS/l. Co-digestion with tannery primary sludge proved feasible, probably due to dilution effect. The observed ammonia and VFA accumulation over the experimental time-lapse is also discussed. Results are intended to increase knowledge on the technological application of anaerobic digestion of sole tannery fleshing, in the perspective of its application as on-site treatment solution for decentralised tanneries.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: December 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Water Resources and Industry, Volume 20〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Oscar Gustavo Miranda Sandoval, Gerardo Cesar Díaz Trujillo, Alma Elia Leal Orozco〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈p〉An industrial wastewater regeneration treatment was successfully designed taking advantage of the amorphous silica adsorption properties, generated as an industrial waste in a geothermal power plant located in the city of Mexicali, Baja California. A tertiary wastewater process for the removal of heavy metals from a pre-treated galvanic industry effluent was designed by using a suspension-filtering system, employing previously purified amorphous silica (99.40% by weight) as an adsorbent of metal ions.〈/p〉 〈p〉The use of the amorphous silica allows to eliminate monovalent and divalent metal ions; 61.19% of silver, 96.28% of Cadmium and up to 98% of zinc, copper, nickel and lead; present in a standard prepared sample solution and between 39.56% and 84.22% of nickel, copper and zinc in a pre - treated industrial sample, achieving a good effluent quality with optimal chemical-physical conditions for its use.〈/p〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 20 August 2016〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Water Resources and Industry〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Basanti Ekka, Manoj Kumar Sahu, Raj Kishore Patel, Priyabrat Dash〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Titania coated silica nanoparticles, which were synthesized via nanoparticle encapsulation route, are employed to degrade safranin-O dye from aqueous solution under UV light irradiation and were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, FESEM, N〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 adsorption-desorption method and Zeta potential measurement. The results showed that the nanoparticles have a core-shell structure composed of about 100 nm of diameter of silica with several TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 fine particles in shell. After the degradation, this process is optimized through the response surface methodology (RSM). In this response study, photodegradation efficiency was evaluated by three main independent parameters such as catalyst dose, initial dye concentration and reaction time. Parameter sensitivity studies of the degradation efficiency of titania coated silica nanoparticles have shown 93.29% degraded under the optimal conditions of catalyst dose of 89.80 mg/g, initial dye concentration of 17.61 mg/L and reaction time of 12 min. We cross-checked the predicted values of degradation efficiency with the experimental values and were found to be in good agreement (〈em〉R〈/em〉〈sup〉〈em〉2〈/em〉〈/sup〉=0.9983 and adj-〈em〉R〈/em〉〈sup〉〈em〉2〈/em〉〈/sup〉=0.9967).〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S2212371716300981-fx1.jpg" width="279" alt="fx1" title="fx1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: June 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Water Resources and Industry, Volume 19〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): P.W. Gerbens-Leenes, A.Y. Hoekstra, R. Bosman〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Numerous studies have been published on water footprints (WFs) of agricultural products, but much less on WFs of industrial products. The latter are often composed of various basic materials. Already the basic materials follow from a chain of processes, each with its specific water consumption (blue WF) and pollution (grey WF). We assess blue and grey WFs of five construction materials: chromium-nickel unalloyed steel, unalloyed steel, Portland cement (CEM I), Portland composite cement (CEM II/B) and soda-lime glass. Blue and grey WFs are added up along production chains, following life cycle inventory and WF accounting procedures. Steel, cement and glass have WFs dominated by grey WFs, that are 20–220 times larger than the blue WFs. For steel, critical pollutants are cadmium, copper and mercury; for cement, these are mercury or cadmium; for glass, suspended solids. Blue WFs of steel, cement and glass are mostly related to electricity use.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: June 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Water Resources and Industry, Volume 19〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): T.A. Ayandiran, O.O. Fawole, S.O. Dahunsi〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This study was aimed at establishing a water quality database in the study area where none existed previously. Samples were taken from two different sites of River Oluwa, South-Western Nigeria. Physicochemical and biological factors and the metals for one year (April 2011–March 2012) were evaluated using standard methods. All the physical parameters of the water samples from the two sampling Sites did not show deviations from Nigeria Industrial Standard (NIS) for permissible levels of these parameters in drinking water. Virtually all heavy metals investigated deviated from the permissible levels allowed by NIS, and WHO standards in drinking water. In the same vein, all chemical parameters investigated during the dry season was significantly different from rainy season except for BOD at P 〈 0.05. Isolated microorganisms include members of the genera 〈em〉Bacillus, Micrococcus, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, Proteus〈/em〉 and 〈em〉Staphylococcus〈/em〉. The public health implications of consuming water from this river are fully discussed.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: June 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Water Resources and Industry, Volume 19〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Shahjalal Khandaker, Yusaku Toyohara, Seiya Kamida, Takahiro Kuba〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this study, the air oxidized bamboo charcoal (BC) was investigated for cesium (Cs) adsorption from aqueous solution. The physicochemical properties of the adsorbent were evaluated systematically using the different techniques including BET, FESEM, FTIR, XPS and also the pHpzc value. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to determine the effect of contact time, solution pH, initial Cs concentrations, temperature and also the presence of competitive ions on adsorption. The adsorption kinetic parameters confirmed the better fitting of pseudo-second order kinetic model. The isotherm data could be well described by the Langmuir isotherm model and the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity was 55.25 mg g〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉. The high specific surface area and the porous structure with some acidic functional groups on the surface were obviously responsible for high Cs adsorption onto oxidized-BC. Thermodynamic parameters such as standard enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy were evaluated and it had been found that the adsorption process was favorable, spontaneous and endothermic in nature. In the competitive ions study, the presence of Na and K with their concentrations up to 12 mM did not strongly affect the removal of Cs by oxidized-BC. Therefore, the experimental results suggested that the oxidized-BC could be used as an effective adsorbent for significant Cs removal from aqueous solution considering the high adsorption capacity, short adsorption time and selective removal of Cs ions.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: June 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Water Resources and Industry, Volume 19〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): 〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: December 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Water Resources and Industry, Volume 20〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Farshid Bagheri〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this paper performance and limitations of commercially-available atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) systems are experimentally investigated. A new experimental setup and test procedure, following the relevant ASHRAE and ANSI/AHRI standards, are developed to measure the water harvesting rate and input electrical power of several residential-size AWHs from different manufacturers. The setup is equipped with an environmental chamber to mimic all climatic conditions in research laboratory at Simon Fraser University and to obtain performance characteristics of AWH systems. The results show the range of water harvesting rate, energy intensity ranging from 1.02 kWh/L for warm and humid to 6.23 kWh/L for cold and humid climates, and climatic limitations of the conventional AWH technology that can be used as a platform for further development of higher efficiency AWH systems in future.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: December 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Water Resources and Industry, Volume 20〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Vhahangwele Masindi, Godfrey Madzivire, Memory Tekere〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this study, an integration of pre-treated magnesite, lime, and CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 bubbling (MLC) was used for the treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD). The primary aim was to reclaim clean water and synthesize valuable minerals. This treatment process comprises three steps which include neutralisation (i) using magnesite, gypsum synthesis (ii) using lime and limestone synthesis (iii) using CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 bubbling. Reactors at a semi-pilot scale system were used to fulfil the goals of this study. AMD was mixed with magnesite and lime at 1 g: 100 mL S/L and 8 g: 100 mL S/L ratios respectively. Pilot results revealed that amorphous hydroxides of Fe, gypsum, and limestone can be obtained from the secondary sludge/product. The obtained materials were of high purity (〉75%). This was further confirmed by X-ray Diffraction, X-ray Fluorescence, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer analytical techniques. The product water was suitable for irrigation, industrial and agricultural use as per South African standards. Furthermore, it was observed that the initial pH of AMD was 2.5 and it was increased to pH ≥ 10 and 〉12 after contacting magnesite and lime respectively. To stabilise the pH, CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 was bubbled and the pH was reduced to ≤ 7.29 which was suitable for a number of applications. Moreover, ≥ 99% and ≥ 95% of metal species and sulphate were removed from an aqueous system, respectively. The techno-economic evaluation indicated that it can cost R806.40 (66 USD) to treat 3.5 KL of acid mine drainage and have a return of R11263.60 (933 USD) from the selling of the recovered materials, thus making this technology economically viable. From the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the application of MLC process can neutralise AMD and produce valuable products. More so, this novel and self-sustainable project will therefore go a long way in curtailing the impacts of AMD by valorising the product minerals and exploit the resultant commercial value hence aiding in off-setting the running costs of the treatment process.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S2212371717301294-fx1.jpg" width="473" alt="fx1" title="fx1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: December 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Water Resources and Industry, Volume 20〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Tsukasa Ito, Yosuke Shimada, Tsubasa Suto〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉We obtained dye-decolorizing bacteria from the hands of ordinary people with an efficiency of approximately 40%. The bacteria were classified into the azo dye-decolorizing group and anthraquinone dye-decolorizing group. The former were capable of decolorizing real textile wastewater, whereas the latter could achieve only partial decolorization. These bacterial strains can potentially be applied to assess the major types of dyes in textile wastewater and dye-polluted rivers. The azo dye-decolorizing bacterial strain degraded Congo red into its intermediates and then further degraded phenyl compounds. Interestingly, the azo dye-decolorizing bacterial strain produced a significant amount of protein (20–60 mg L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉), which correlated with the dye-decolorization rate. We further identified cell density as the main factor affecting stabilization of the dye-decolorization reaction. In summary, human hands are a readily accessible source from which to collect dye-decolorizing bacteria that can be used to treat textile wastewater and to remediate environmental pollution sites.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S2212371718300921-fx1.jpg" width="500" alt="fx1" title="fx1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: December 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Water Resources and Industry, Volume 20〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Monika Jain, Mithilesh Yadav, Tomas Kohout, Manu Lahtinen, Vinod Kumar Garg, Mika Sillanpää〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Iron oxide (Fe〈sub〉3〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉) and iron oxide/activated carbon (Fe〈sub〉3〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉/AC) were fabricated by co-precipitation method for the removal of Cr(VI), Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions from aqueous solution in batch mode. These nanoparticles were characterized by BET, FTIR, XRD, SEM/TEM and VSM. The optimum conditions for the removal of ions were pH = 2 for Cr(VI) and 6 for Cu(II) and Cd(II), initial metal ion concentration = 50 mg L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉, nanoparticle dose = 50 mg/10 mL, temperature = 25 ± 1 °C, shaking speed = 180 rpm and contact time = 3 h. The equilibrium data of ions sorption were well described by Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson and Intraparticle Diffusion model. The R〈sup〉2〈/sup〉 values obtained by Langmuir model were highest by Fe〈sub〉3〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉/AC for Cr(VI) = 0.9994,Cu(II) = 0.9998 and Cd(II)= 0.9750. The temperature dependent study in the range of 288–328 K confirmed that the adsorption process was endothermic in nature. Desorption studies with 0.1 M HCl stated that these nanoparticles can be regenerated effectively and can be used after four adsorption-desorption cycles without any mass loss.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S2212371718300714-fx1.jpg" width="212" alt="fx1" title="fx1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: Publication date: June 2018 Source: Water Resources and Industry, Volume 19

Description: Publication date: June 2018 Source: Water Resources and Industry, Volume 19 Author(s): Richard P. Taylor, Clifford L.W. Jones, Mark Laing, Joanna Dames Brewery effluent (BE) needs to be treated before it can be released into the environment, reused or used in down-stream activities. This study demonstrated that anaerobic digestion (AD) followed by treatment in an integrated tertiary effluent treatment system transformed BE into a suitable solution for crop irrigation. Brewery effluent can be used to improve crop yields: Cabbage ( Brassica oleracea cv. Star 3301), grew significantly larger when irrigated with post-AD, post-primary-facultative-pond (PFP) effluent, compared with those irrigated with post-constructed-wetland (CW) effluent or tap water only (p 〈 0.0001). However, cabbage yield when grown using BE was 13% lower than that irrigated with a nutrient-solution and fresh water; the electrical conductivity of BE (3019.05 ± 48.72 µs/cm 2 ) may have been responsible for this. Post-CW and post-high-rate-algal-pond (HRAP) BE was least suitable due to their higher conductivity and lower nutrient concentration. After three months, soils irrigated with post-AD and post-PFP BE had a significantly higher sodium concentration and sodium adsorption ratio (3919 ± 94.77 & 8.18 ± 0.17 mg/kg) than soil irrigated with a commercial nutrient-solution (920.58 ± 27.46 & 2.20 ± 0.05 mg/kg). However, this was not accompanied by a deterioration in the soil's hydro-physical properties, nor a change in the metabolic community structure of the soil. The benefits of developing this nutrient and water resource could contribute to cost-reductions at the brewery, more efficient water, nutrient and energy management, and job creation. Future studies should investigate methods to reduce the build-up of salt in the soil when treated BE is used to irrigate crops.

Description: Publication date: June 2018 Source: Water Resources and Industry, Volume 19 Author(s): Shahjalal Khandaker, Yusaku Toyohara, Seiya Kamida, Takahiro Kuba In this study, the air oxidized bamboo charcoal (BC) was investigated for cesium (Cs) adsorption from aqueous solution. The physicochemical properties of the adsorbent were evaluated systematically using the different techniques including BET, FESEM, FTIR, XPS and also the pHpzc value. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to determine the effect of contact time, solution pH, initial Cs concentrations, temperature and also the presence of competitive ions on adsorption. The adsorption kinetic parameters confirmed the better fitting of pseudo-second order kinetic model. The isotherm data could be well described by the Langmuir isotherm model and the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity was 55.25 mg g −1 . The high specific surface area and the porous structure with some acidic functional groups on the surface were obviously responsible for high Cs adsorption onto oxidized-BC. Thermodynamic parameters such as standard enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy were evaluated and it had been found that the adsorption process was favorable, spontaneous and endothermic in nature. In the competitive ions study, the presence of Na and K with their concentrations up to 12 mM did not strongly affect the removal of Cs by oxidized-BC. Therefore, the experimental results suggested that the oxidized-BC could be used as an effective adsorbent for significant Cs removal from aqueous solution considering the high adsorption capacity, short adsorption time and selective removal of Cs ions.

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: December 2018〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Water Resources and Industry, Volume 20〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): George Skouteris, D. Patrick Webb, Kei Lok Felix Shin, Shahin Rahimifard〈/p〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This work investigates the use of a commercial optical product monitor to achieve in-line real-time water content analysis. Test fluids were used and optical measurements of attenuation of light intensity at four colours were made. These measurements were used to identify any relationship between these and the water quality parameters of turbidity and colour. Variation in light attenuation for turbidities up to 1700 NTU was successfully resolved by the instrument, with optical data for turbidities ≥ 20 NTU fitting well the Beer-Lambert model. The sensor was also able to clearly identify the effect of filtering out suspended solids with unfiltered samples (apparent colour) exhibiting significantly higher attenuation coefficients than filtered samples (true colour). Further studies will concentrate on whether the instrument can analyse samples with turbidities higher than 1700 NTU, together with further investigating the variation in the attenuation coefficient seen with turbidity and colour of light.〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: Publication date: Available online 14 September 2017 Source: Water Resources and Industry Author(s): Riccardo Boero, Donatella Pasqualini Designing policies for water systems management requires the capability to assess the economic impacts of water availability and to effectively couple water withdrawals by human activities with natural hydrologic dynamics. At the core of any scientific approach to these issues there is the estimation of water withdrawals by industrial sectors in the form of water coefficients, which are measurements of the quantity of water withdrawn per dollar of GDP or output. In this work we focus on the contiguous United States and on the estimation of water coefficients for regional scale analyses. We first compare an established methodology for the estimation of national water coefficients with a parametric one we propose. Second, we introduce a method to estimate water coefficients at the level of ecological regions and we discuss how they reduce possible biases in regional analyses of water systems. We conclude discussing advantages and limits of regional water coefficients.

Description: Publication date: Available online 6 June 2017 Source: Water Resources and Industry Author(s): Chung-Fu Huang, An-Chi Huang, Yu-Fan Hsieh, Feng-Jen Chu, Terng-Jou Wan Experiments were conducted using sodium alginate (SA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as embedded materials for Fe 3 O 4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The materials provided excellent protection to the embedded MNPs in low-pH conditions. This study observed and compared the adsorption capacity of the unaltered and embedded MNPs. At pH 3 and without additional magnetic fields, the wastewater turbidity removal rate of the embedded MNPs reached a maximum of 95%, similar to that of the unaltered MNPs. Moreover, this study examined the recyclability and reusability of the unaltered and embedded MNPs and discovered that the embedded MNPs could be reused up to seven times. Overall, the use of SA/PVA prevented MNPs from disintegrating and contaminating the wastewater through the dissolution of Fe ions. SA and PVA also increased the reusability of the unaltered MNPs.

Description: Publication date: June 2017 Source: Water Resources and Industry, Volume 17

Description: Publication date: Available online 15 July 2017 Source: Water Resources and Industry Author(s): M.T. Bankole, S.A. Abdulkareem, J.O. Tijani, S.S. Ochigbo, A.S. Afolabi, W.D. Roos This study investigated the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) from electroplating industry wastewater via batch adsorption by purified and polymers functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as nano-adsorbents. Bimetallic Fe-Co supported on CaCO 3 was utilized to produce multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) via the catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) technique. This was subsequently followed by the purification of the as-prepared MWCNTs by a mixture of HNO 3 and H 2 SO 4 in order to remove the support and metal particles. The purified MWCNTs was further functionalized using known mass of the following polymers: Amino polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyhydroxylbutyrate (PHB) and amino polyethylene glycol with polyhydroxylbutyrate (PEG-PHB). The purified (P-CNTs) and functionalized CNTs coded PEG-CNTs; PHB-CNTs, and PEG-PHB-CNTs were characterized by HRSEM, HRTEM-EDS, BET, XRD and XPS. The electroplating wastewater was subjected to physicochemical characterization before and after treatment with various prepared nano-adsorbents using standard methods. The adsorption process under the influence of contact time, adsorbent dosage and temperature was measured using the chemical oxygen demand (COD) as indicator parameter. The HRSEM/XRD/BET confirmed that the purified and polymer functionalized CNTs were homogeneously dispersed; highly graphitic in nature with fewer impurities and of high surface area (>145 m 2 /g). The order of maximum COD removal by the nano-adsorbents at equilibrium time of 70 minutes are as follows: PEG-CNTs (99.68%) > PHB-CNTs (97.89%) > P-CNTs (96.34%) > PEG/PHB-CNTs (95.42%). Equilibrium sorption data were better described by Freudlich isotherm with the correlation coefficient (R 2 >0.92) than Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption kinetics for COD removal from electroplating wastewater fitted well to the pseudo-second-order model with rate constant in the range of 4 × 10 −5 – 1 × 10 −4 (g mg −1 min −1 ). Thermodynamics analysis of the adsorption process revealed that the enthalpy (ΔH°) of the reaction was positive and endothermic in nature. The Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) was negative which showed the feasibility and spontaneity of adsorption process. The findings from this study support the potential use of PEG-functionalised CNTs as a nanoadsorbent to purify electroplating wastewater than others prepared sorbents. Graphical abstract

Description: Publication date: Available online 3 August 2017 Source: Water Resources and Industry Author(s): Rikki A. Garstone, Christopher Gill, Dene Moliere, Dong Yang, Ulrike Bende-Michl, Penny Fiddes With declining water availability and competing demands on water resources across the globe, Australia has been rapidly advancing the field of water accounting as a tool to improve water management across the country. Water accounting is the application of a consistent and structured approach to identify, measure and report water resource information. Following the advent of the National Water Initiative in 2004 in Australia, the Bureau of Meteorology (the Bureau) was given specific powers and responsibilities under the Water Act 2007 in relation to compiling and disseminating Australia's water information. Amongst these responsibilities is the requirement to publish an annual national water account. In fulfilling this function the Bureau has developed and published the Australian Water Accounting Standards for General Purpose Water Accounting Reports. Its principles and applicability are reflected in the Bureau's annual National Water Account publications. At around the same time of the release of the Exposure Draft of the Australian Water Accounting Standards 1 in 2010, the Minerals Council of Australia (MCA) developed a "Water Accounting Framework for the Minerals Industry" through a pilot study and substantial consultation and input from industry. The Minerals Council of Australia had similar objectives to the Bureau in developing a structured approach of water accounting which could be applied consistently and rigorously to water management. As part of collaboration between the Bureau and the Newmarket Gold Mining Company this paper investigates how General Purpose Water Account Reporting can be applied and used in the minerals industry to simplify and improve aspects of regulatory reporting. As water accounting has matured as a discipline, this case study demonstrates how General Purpose Water Accounting Reports and the lessons learned from the ongoing development of the National Water Account can be practically applied to regulatory reporting and corporate data management for a mining operation in the Australian Northern Territory. This paper also demonstrates the benefits of aligning a standardised water account with data that is already routinely collected as part of mining operations environmental compliance.

Description: Publication date: Available online 16 October 2017 Source: Water Resources and Industry Author(s): Yan Lu, Hongwen Xu, Yuexiang Wang, Yang Yang There is abundant rainfall in Huaihe River Basin as a land flowing with milk and honey, however it is also one of the high incidence areas with flood disaster. As a core city in Huaihe River Basin, Huai'an was selected for the study on carrying capacity of water environment from 2005 to 2014 using a method of analytic hierarchy process (AHP). And the paper combined water environment condition with the characteristics of regional socio-economy and environment in Huaihe River Basin. The results showed that water environment carrying capacity appeared an upward tendency. In three index layers, social factors had significant impact on the carrying capacity of water environment, and their changes were relatively consistent, total population, urbanization rate and residents living water were major constraints to water environment carrying capacity in Huai'an City.

Description: Publication date: Available online 14 December 2017 Source: Water Resources and Industry Author(s): TA Ayandiran, OO Fawole, SO Dahunsi This study was aimed at establishing a water quality database in the study area where none existed previously. Samples were taken from two different sites of River Oluwa, South-Western Nigeria. Physicochemical and biological factors and the metals for one year (April, 2011 to March, 2012) were evaluated using standard methods. All the physical parameters of the water samples from the two sampling Sites did not show deviations from Nigeria Industrial Standard (NIS) for permissible levels of these parameters in drinking water. Virtually all heavy metals investigated deviated from the permissible levels allowed by NIS, and WHO standards in drinking water. In the same vein, all chemical parameters investigated during the dry season was significantly different from rainy season except for BOD at P〈0.05. Isolated microorganisms include members of the genera Bacillus, Micrococcus, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, Proteus and Staphylococcus . The public health implications of consuming water from this river are fully discussed.

Description: Publication date: Available online 10 May 2017 Source: Water Resources and Industry Author(s): Francesca Giaccherini, Giulio Munz, Thomas Dockhorn, Claudio Lubello, Diego Rosso In this study the carbon footprint and power demand of tannery wastewater treatment processes for the largest bovine leather producing regions were quantified and analysed. Moreover, we present a case in which we benchmarked the carbon footprint and energy demand analysis of tannery wastewater treatment to municipal wastewater treatment. We quantified the greenhouse gas direct and indirect emissions from tannery wastewater treatment facilities. Our results show that the total CO 2 -equivalent emission for tannery wastewater treatment is 1.49 10 3 t CO2,eq d −1 . Moreover, the energy intensity of tannery wastewater treatment processes are evaluated at 3.9 kWh kg −1 bCOD ,removed , compared to 1.4 kWh kg −1 bCOD ,removed of municipal wastewater treatment processes. Based on this work in the field of tannery wastewater treatment, an effort to innovate suitable treatment trains and technologies has the strong potential to reduce the carbon footprint.

Description: Publication date: Available online 9 March 2017 Source: Water Resources and Industry Author(s): G. Nagaraj, A. Dhayal Raj, A. Albert Irudayaraj Herein, for the first time a novel Photon Induced method (PIM) is being reported. Pure TiO 2 nanoparticles prepared by PIM shows high temperature stability and pure anatase phase upto 850 °C. This result is very novel when compared with all other methods reported earlier. To the best of our knowledge, there are no systematic studies reported for the synthesis of high temperature stable pure TiO 2 nanoparticles without using any dopants. From 1972 till date reports on the existence of pure TiO 2 anatase phase are available only upto 700 °C. However, the TiO 2 nanoparticles prepared by PIM exhibit very good phase stability upto 850 °C. Also very good visible light photodegradation results have been obtained for these nanoparticles compared to the standard Degussa P25 reported earlier. X-ray diffraction and TG/DTA confirm the existence of highly stable pure anatase phase up to 850 °C. The prepared samples were subjected to various characterizations such as HRSEM, EDAX,UV-DRS, HRTEM and Confocal Raman. Photocatalytic activity of TiO 2 nanostructures reported till date insist a mixed anatase and rutile phases for better results than a pure anatase phase. However, the pure anatase phased TiO 2 prepared by this novel PIM show enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity than a mixed phase. The results of this study show the potential of applying new generations of catalyst for enhanced Methylene blue degradation. Graphical abstract

Description: Publication date: June 2017 Source: Water Resources and Industry, Volume 17 Author(s): S. Selvakumar, N. Chandrasekar, G. Kumar The Singanallur Sub-basin is one of the major waterways and it supplies water to the Coimbatore city. Currently, it is vulnerable to pollution due to an increase of unplanned urban developments, industrial, and agricultural activities that compromise both the quality and quantity. In the present study three major hydrochemical facies were identified (mixed Ca-Mg-Cl, Ca-Cl, and Ca-HCO 3 ). Irrigation suitability indexes are specifies that the groundwater in the areas has very high salinity hazard and low to medium alkali hazard. The mechanism controlling groundwater chemistry originally regulated by the evaporation process is dominated by reason of arid condition and anthropogenic activities existing throughout the region. The multivariate statistical analysis (Correlation analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)) indicates, most of the variations are elucidated by the anthropogenic pollutant predominantly due to population growth, industrial effluents, and irrigation water return flow. This study demonstrates enhanced information of evolution of groundwater quality by integrating hydrochemical data and multivariate statistical methods are used to understand the factors influencing contamination due to natural and anthropogenic impacts.

Description: Publication date: Available online 11 November 2017 Source: Water Resources and Industry Author(s): P.W. Gerbens-Leenes, A.Y. Hoekstra, R. Bosman Numerous studies have been published on water footprints (WFs) of agricultural products, but much less on WFs of industrial products. The latter are often composed of various basic materials. Already the basic materials follow from a chain of processes, each with its specific water consumption (blue WF) and pollution (grey WF). We assess blue and grey WFs of five construction materials: chromium-nickel unalloyed steel, unalloyed steel, Portland cement (CEM I), Portland composite cement (CEM II/B) and soda-lime glass. Blue and grey WFs are added up along production chains, following life cycle inventory and WF accounting procedures. Steel, cement and glass have WFs dominated by grey WFs, that are 20 to 220 times larger than the blue WFs. For steel, critical pollutants are cadmium, copper and mercury; for cement, these are mercury or cadmium; for glass, suspended solids. Blue WFs of steel, cement and glass are mostly related to electricity use.

Description: Publication date: Available online 10 December 2017 Source: Water Resources and Industry Author(s): Cecilia Polizzi, Felipe Alatriste-Mondragón, Giulio Munz In this study, batch tests on anaerobic digestion of tannery fleshing (skin-residue waste from hides’ tanning process), as sole substrate, have been performed with the purpose of assessing the effects of high substrate concentration and consequent ammonia inhibition on the process. Co-digestion with tannery primary sludge was also evaluated. According to the results, no inhibition occurred at initial organic load up to 5 gVS/l; an inhibited steady state was observed at 10 gVS/l, and system failure and instability was showed at the highest load of 20gVS/l. Co-digestion with tannery primary sludge proved feasible, probably due to dilution effect. The observed ammonia and VFA accumulation over the experimental time-lapse is also discussed. Results are intended to increase knowledge on the technological application of anaerobic digestion of sole tannery fleshing, in the perspective of its application as on-site treatment solution for decentralised tanneries.

Description: Publication date: Available online 8 July 2017 Source: Water Resources and Industry Author(s): P. Asaithambi, Esayas Alemayehu, Baharak Sajjadi, Abdul Raman Abdul Aziz Comparison of UV, H 2 O 2 , Fe 2+ , UV/H 2 O 2 , UV/Fe 2+ , Fe 2+ /H 2 O 2 and UV/Fe 2+ /H 2 O 2 processes for the removal of percentage color, COD and electrical energy per order from the effluent distillery industry. The results showed that, UV/Fe 2+ /H 2 O 2 process yield higher percentage color and COD removal with low electrical energy per order than UV, UV/H 2 O 2 , UV/Fe 2+ process. To obtain the UV/Fe 2+ /H 2 O 2 process performance by operating various parameters on the percentage color and COD removal using response surface methodology. A Regression quadratic model describing the percentage color and COD removal efficiency of UV/Fe 2+ /H 2 O 2 process were developed and validate by analysis of variance. Experimental results showed that, UV/Fe 2+ /H 2 O 2 process can effectively reduced 96.50% of color and 84.40% of COD removal of the distillery industry wastewater under the optimum conditions such as Fe 2+ –1.50 mM, H 2 O 2 –200 mM, COD–1500ppm and pH–3.2, respectively. Result concluded that, UV/Fe 2+ /H 2 O 2 process can be used effectively for the treatment of real industrial effluent. Graphical abstract

Description: Publication date: Available online 5 April 2017 Source: Water Resources and Industry Author(s): G. Rivas Ibáñez, J.M. Molina Ruíz, M.I. Román Sánchez, J.L. Casas López This paper analyses the water footprint (WF) for 1 L of gazpacho, a chilled vegetable soup produced by an agrifood company located in south-eastern Spain, one of the driest regions in Europe. An overview of the main environmental impacts of its WF was carried out by identifying hotspots (high risks areas) based on a Water Stress indicator. The total WF calculated for 1 L gazpacho is 580.5 L, which mostly stems from the supply chain (99.9%), olive oil being the major contributor to total WF despite the very low amount used (2%). Most of the WF comes from green water (69%), 23% from blue and 8% represents the grey water. Pollution due to micropollutants such as pesticides, which are not yet regulated, has been taken into account in the WF calculation, pointing out that new regulation of micropollutants is needed to avoid their exclusion in the operational grey WF.

Description: Publication date: Available online 24 May 2017 Source: Water Resources and Industry Author(s): Nabil Haque As a consequence of rapid industrialization, the waterbodies of Bangladesh have transformed into seasonal dead zones from the ensuing pollution. Despite having environmental regulations to control industrial pollution, lack of effective enforcement has jeopardized environmental quality. Evaluation of enforcement mechanisms have not gained attention from researchers until recently. This qualitative and descriptive analysis illustrates the current enforcement regime for environmental compliance in Bangladesh focusing on fines levied on polluters. Although there are no official guidelines for fines based on type of violation, this paper identified that there are differences of fines among violation based on historical data. It was also found that textile factories are not penalized heavily compared to non-textile factories. Repeat offenders were found to be penalized at the same rate. This study can be used to design appropriate penalty structure based on violation types, and reform the enforcement system so that polluters pay principle is actually implemented.

Description: Publication date: December 2017 Source: Water Resources and Industry, Volume 18

Description: Publication date: Available online 7 November 2017 Source: Water Resources and Industry Author(s): Erica Pensini, Roy van Lier, Fabrice Cuoq, Wolfgang Hater, Tobias Halthur The use of recycled process water in steam crackers leads to the accumulation of corrosive impurities, hence the need for adequate treatment. Two corrosion inhibitor formulations containing N-[(9Z)−9-octadecen-1-yl]−1,3-propanediamine ( N -oleyl-1,3-propanediamine) with either cyclohexanamine (CHA) or 2-(diethylamino)ethanol (DEAE) were compared for their performance. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and visual observations showed that the two formulations offered comparable protection against corrosion. Bengal Rose testing and experiments conducted using a quartz-crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) indicated that the two formulations yielded similar coverage of the metal surfaces, and that the kinetics of mass adsorption were also similar. QCM-D data further suggested that the films formed with the two formulations had similar rigidity, and contact angle measurements indicated that they formed films with comparable hydrophobicity, which were equally effective in isolating the metal surfaces from water. Graphical abstract