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  • Articles  (104)
  • Hindawi  (104)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Copernicus
  • Elsevier
  • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
  • Molecular Diversity Preservation International
  • Oxford University Press
  • Springer Nature
  • 2020-2022
  • 2010-2014  (104)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1975-1979
  • 1960-1964
  • 2013  (104)
  • ISRN Renewable Energy  (83)
  • 170404
  • Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering  (104)
  • Political Science
  • Mathematics
  • Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
Collection
  • Articles  (104)
Source
Publisher
  • Hindawi  (104)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Copernicus
  • Elsevier
    • +
Years
  • 2020-2022
  • 2010-2014  (104)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1975-1979
  • 1960-1964
Year
Journal
Topic
  • Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering  (104)
  • Political Science
  • Mathematics
  • Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
  • 1
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    Performance and Emission Analysis of a CI Engine in Dual Mode with LPG and Karanja Oil Methyl Ester (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-19
    Description: The use of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is experimented with to improve the performance of a dual fuel compression ignition (CI) engine running on Karanja oil methyl ester (KOME) blends. Diesel is used as a reference fuel for the dual fuel engine results. During the experimentation, the engine performance is measured in terms of brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and exhaust emission is measured in terms of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and oxides of nitrogen (). Dual fuel engine with LPG showed a reduction in and smoke emission; however, it suffers from high HC and CO emission, particularly, at lower loads due to poor ignition. Comparison of performance and emissions is done for diesel and blends of KOME. Results showed that using KOME blends (10% and 20%) has improved the CI engine performance with a reduction in HC and CO emissions.
    Print ISSN: 2090-7451
    Electronic ISSN: 2090-746X
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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  • 2
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    Carbon Based PV: n-Si(100)/DLC Structure for Photovoltaic Application (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-09
    Description: Diamond-like carbon films were electrodeposited on n-Si substrate to realize an n-Si/DLC PV structure. The films thus obtained were characterized by FESEM, XPS, FTIR, and Raman studies. Solar cell characteristics were also investigated critically. Maximum efficiency of 3.7% was obtained for the best n-Si(100)/DLC structure. Carrier life time was obtained from decay measurement. It was observed that photoinduced charge separation in n-Si(100)/DLC structure was associated with an increase in the dielectric constant and a decrease in the device resistance. The process, being reproducible, cheap, and scalable, involving significantly less process steps, is likely to usher a new hope to the current competitive scenario of PV technology.
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  • 3
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    Air Density Climate of Two Caribbean Tropical Islands and Relevance to Wind Power (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-27
    Description: The standard air density of 1.225 kg m−3 is often used in determining the energy output of a wind turbine although the energy output is dependent on a site's air density. By using measurements of temperature, dew-point temperature, and pressure, we calculate the monthly air density of moist tropical climates at two sites in the small-island state of Trinidad and Tobago. In addition, we calculate the energy output of a BOREAS 30 kW small wind turbine using the 10 m level wind speed distribution extrapolated to hub height. The average air densities at Crown Point and Piarco were 1.156 kg m−3 and 1.159 kg m−3, respectively, and monthly air densities at both sites were at most 6% less than standard air density. The difference in energy output of the BOREAS 30 kW calculated using standard air density over that using the local site's air density could provide electrical energy for the continuous monthly operation of 6 light bulbs rated at 50 W at Crown Point and 4 light bulbs at Piarco. Thus, communities interested in implementing wind turbine technologies must use the local air density of the site when sizing a wind turbine system for its needs.
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  • 4
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    State of the Art and Perspectives of Inorganic Photovoltaics (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-12
    Description: In the last decade, the fast increase of the global energy consumption, mainly related to the strong economic growth in the Far East, and the progressive depletion of the fossil fuels induced a run-up in the world oil price. Both these economic concerns and the growing global pollution pointed out that a transition toward renewable energies is mandatory. Among renewables, the conversion of sunlight into electricity by photovoltaic (PV) devices is a reliable choice to cope the growing energy consumption, due to the huge potentially extractable power (up to 120000 TW). The most important classes of inorganic PV devices developed in the last sixty years will be reviewed in this paper, in order to depict the state of the art of the technologies which dominate the PV market. Some novel concepts which could have an important role in the future of PV will be also described.
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  • 5
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    Photovoltaic and Thermal Hybridized Solar Cooker (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-07
    Description: The objective of the present research work is to design user friendly solar cooker which can be commercialized too. This cooker is designed, developed, and tested in our laboratory. The basic principle is to incorporate heating into material by photovoltaic effect and thermal treatment. Different temperatures inside the solar cooker were measured and profile of solar cooker was studied for several days during April, May, and June 2012. It is observed that the designed cooker needs the boosting of only 30 watt power which is generated by a small solar panel connected with it. Heater connected with it can be powered by a solar panel of 75 watt. This boosting can reduce the cooking time. Different recipes were prepared to test its actual performance.
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  • 6
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    Performance Analysis of Flat and Rippled Wick-Inverted V-Type Solar Still Integrated with Drip System in Kerala Climatic Conditions (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-09
    Description: Thermal aspect of solar energy is widely used in the desalination plants. Experimental investigation and mathematical modeling of inverted V-type solar still integrated with drip system are presented in this paper. The experiment is performed in the Kerala climatic conditions (10.8439°N, 76.0328°E), March 2012 at M E S College of Engineering, Kuttippuram. A two segment still of 2 m2 is constructed. Experimental investigations on productivity and internal heat transfer are analyzed. The results indicate that the mean standard deviations between theoretical and experimental values are less than 7% (temperature of rippled wick), 8% (temperature of glass in rippled system), 11% (temperature of flat wick), and 7% (temperature of glass in flat system), an average for the working hours of the day.
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  • 7
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    Algal Biofuels: A Credible Prospective? (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-01
    Description: Global energy use has reached unprecedented levels and increasing human population, technological integration, and improving lifestyle will further fuel this demand. Fossil fuel based energy is our primary source of energy and it will remain to be in the near future. The effects from the use of this finite resource on the fate of our planet are only now being understood and recognised in the form of climate change. Renewable energy systems may offer a credible alternative to help maintain our lifestyle sustainably and there are a range of options that can be pursued. Biofuels, especially algae based, have gained significant publicity recently. The concept of making biofuels, biochemicals, and by-products works well theoretically and at small scale, but when considering scaleup, many solutions can be dismissed on either economical or ecological grounds. Even if an (cost-) effective method for algae cultivation is developed, other input parameters, namely, fixed nitrogen and fresh water, remain to be addressed. Furthermore, current processing routes for harvesting, drying, and extraction for conversion to subsequent products are economically unattractive. The strategies employed for various algae-based fuels are identified and it is suggested that ultimately only an integrated algal biorefinery concept may be the way forward.
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  • 8
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    Analysis of a Three-Phase Grid-Connected PV Power System Using a Modified Dual-Stage Inverter (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-21
    Description: This paper presents a grid-connected PV system in a centralized configuration constructed through a three-phase dual-stage inverter. For the DC-DC stage the three-phase series resonant converter is chosen thanks to the advantages that it exhibits. However, it is inadequate for the accomplishment of MPPT, due to its efficiency strongly depending on the implemented deadtime and switching frequency. Then, this paper proposes a conceptual modification, that is, a modified dual-stage inverter in which the inverter stage is responsible for both the MPPT and the grid-current control. In addition, the DC-DC converter operates with constant duty cycle and frequency. Such configuration requires a new concept, introduced as Behavior Matching. It serves as a fundamental feature for the DC-DC converter to reproduce the PV array I–V characteristic when they are connected, without control action. The maximum power operating point is found by maximizing the direct axis current, obtained by Park's transformation from the inverter, through the perturbation and observation algorithm. Any specific measurement to realize the MPPT is needed. The galvanic isolation is achieved by using a high-frequency transformer. The structure is appropriate for high power applications, above 10 kW.
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  • 9
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    Analysis of a Three-Phase Grid-Connected PV Power System Using a Modified Dual-Stage Inverter (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-01
    Description: This paper presents a grid-connected PV system in a centralized configuration constructed through a three-phase dual-stage inverter. For the DC-DC stage the three-phase series resonant converter is chosen thanks to the advantages that it exhibits. However, it is inadequate for the accomplishment of MPPT, due to its efficiency strongly depending on the implemented deadtime and switching frequency. Then, this paper proposes a conceptual modification, that is, a modified dual-stage inverter in which the inverter stage is responsible for both the MPPT and the grid-current control. In addition, the DC-DC converter operates with constant duty cycle and frequency. Such configuration requires a new concept, introduced as Behavior Matching. It serves as a fundamental feature for the DC-DC converter to reproduce the PV array I–V characteristic when they are connected, without control action. The maximum power operating point is found by maximizing the direct axis current, obtained by Park's transformation from the inverter, through the perturbation and observation algorithm. Any specific measurement to realize the MPPT is needed. The galvanic isolation is achieved by using a high-frequency transformer. The structure is appropriate for high power applications, above 10 kW.
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    Electronic ISSN: 2090-746X
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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  • 10
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    Online Hierarchical Controller for Hybrid Power System (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-30
    Description: This paper presents the basis for the development of an intelligent and autonomous energy management strategy for hybrid power system (HPS). Two hierarchical levels are proposed to control and manage the HPS. The low level is performed by a local control unit (DC-DC converters controller) of the different power sources. Dynamic equations describing the coupling of converters are derived, and a robust sliding mode dynamic controller is designed. The high level is performed by the online supervisor unit. This unit is designed by applying on-line Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy logic principles. As a result the robust control system gets rid of the limits of the HPS, which has the imprecision, uncertainty, strong coupling, and nonlinearity, to achieve its tractability, robustness, and low solution cost. Under the operation constraints related to each type of sources, the simulation results show that the optimal operation objective of HPS has been achieved.
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