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  • Artikel  (1.389)
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  • Springer  (1.389)
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  • American Meteorological Society
  • National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2015-2019  (1.335)
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  • 1
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    Climate change vulnerability to agrarian ecosystem of small Island: evidence from Sagar Island, India (2017)
    Springer
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-03-19
    Beschreibung: The present study assessed climate change vulnerability in agricultural sector of low-lying Sagar Island of Bay of Bengal. Vulnerability indices were estimated using spatially aggregated biophysical and socio-economic parameters by applying principal component analysis and equal weight method. The similarities and differences of outputs of these two methods were analysed across the island. From the integration of outputs and based on the severity of vulnerability, explicit vulnerable zones were demarcated spatially. Results revealed that life subsistence agriculture in 11.8% geographical area (2829 ha) of the island along the western coast falls under very high vulnerable zone (VHVZ VI of 84–99%) to climate change. Comparatively higher values of exposure (0.53 ± 0.26) and sensitivity (0.78 ± 0.14) subindices affirmed that the VHV zone is highly exposed to climate stressor with very low adaptive capacity (ADI= 0.24 ± 0.16) to combat vulnerability to climate change. Hence, food security for a population of 〉22 thousands comprising 〉3.7 thousand agrarian households are highly exposed to climate change. Another 17% area comprising 17.5% population covering 20% villages in north-western and eastern parts of the island also falls under high vulnerable (VI= 61%–77%) zone. Findings revealed large spatial heterogeneity in the degree of vulnerability across the island and thus, demands devising area specific planning (adaptation and mitigation strategies) to address the climate change impact implications both at macro and micro levels.
    Print ISSN: 0177-798X
    Digitale ISSN: 1434-4483
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Publiziert von Springer
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  • 2
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    Lattice study of D and D s meson form factors with twisted boundary conditions (2017)
    Springer
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-03-21
    Beschreibung: . We present results on the D and \(D_{s}\) meson electromagnetic form factors using \(N_{f}=2\) twisted mass Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics (LQCD) gauge configurations. In this simulation, to access spatial components of momenta that are different from the integer multiples of \(2\pi /L\) , we apply twisted boundary conditions to compute corresponding correlation functions. Electromagnetic form factors with more small four-momentum transfer are determined, and further we fit the electromagnetic charge radius for D and \(D_{s}\) mesons, respectively.
    Print ISSN: 1434-6001
    Digitale ISSN: 1434-601X
    Thema: Physik
    Publiziert von Springer
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  • 3
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    The new elastic scattering measurements of TOTEM --Are there hints for asymptotics? (2017)
    Springer
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-03-21
    Beschreibung: . We point out to another indication of the black-disk limit exceeding in hadron interactions found in the recent impact parameter analysis performed by the TOTEM Collaboration at \(\sqrt{s}=8\) TeV and emphasize that this observation might be interpreted as a confirmation of the reflective scattering mode appearance at the LHC energies.
    Print ISSN: 1434-6001
    Digitale ISSN: 1434-601X
    Thema: Physik
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  • 4
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    Compton imaging with a highly-segmented, position-sensitive HPGe detector (2017)
    Springer
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-10
    Beschreibung: . A Compton camera based on a highly-segmented high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector and a double-sided silicon-strip detector (DSSD) was developed, tested, and put into operation; the origin of \(\gamma\) radiation was determined successfully. The Compton camera is operated in two different modes. Coincidences from Compton-scattered \(\gamma\) -ray events between DSSD and HPGe detector allow for best angular resolution; while the high-efficiency mode takes advantage of the position sensitivity of the highly-segmented HPGe detector. In this mode the setup is sensitive to the whole \( 4\pi\) solid angle. The interaction-point positions in the 36-fold segmented large-volume HPGe detector are determined by pulse-shape analysis (PSA) of all HPGe detector signals. Imaging algorithms were developed for each mode and successfully implemented. The angular resolution sensitively depends on parameters such as geometry, selected multiplicity and interaction-point distances. Best results were obtained taking into account the crosstalk properties, the time alignment of the signals and the distance metric for the PSA for both operation modes. An angular resolution between \( 13.8^{\circ}\) and \( 19.1^{\circ}\) , depending on the minimal interaction-point distance for the high-efficiency mode at an energy of 1275 keV, was achieved. In the coincidence mode, an increased angular resolution of \( 4.6^{\circ}\) was determined for the same \(\gamma\) -ray energy.
    Print ISSN: 1434-6001
    Digitale ISSN: 1434-601X
    Thema: Physik
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  • 5
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    Influence of broken flavor and C and P symmetry on the quark propagator (2017)
    Springer
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-10
    Beschreibung: . Embedding QCD into the standard model breaks various symmetries of QCD explicitly, especially C and P . While these effects are usually perturbatively small, they can be amplified in extreme environments like merging neutron stars or by the interplay with new physics. To correctly treat these cases requires fully backcoupled calculations. To pave the way for later investigations of hadronic physics, we study the QCD quark propagator coupled to an explicit breaking. This substantially increases the tensor structure even for this simplest correlation function. To cope with the symmetry structure, and covering all possible quark masses, from the top quark mass to the chiral limit, we employ Dyson-Schwinger equations. While at weak breaking the qualitative effects have similar trends as in perturbation theory, even moderately strong breakings lead to qualitatively different effects, non-linearly amplified by the strong interactions.
    Print ISSN: 1434-6001
    Digitale ISSN: 1434-601X
    Thema: Physik
    Publiziert von Springer
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  • 6
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    Composite formed upon the ultrasonication of an aqueous suspension of graphite oxide–titanium dioxide (2017)
    Springer
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-11
    Beschreibung: A technique is developed for obtaining a titania–graphite oxide composite with a high surface area in which the TiO 2 particles are covered by graphite oxide. It is established that the experimental value of the composite specific surface area passes through a maximum at about 200°С, depending on the temperature of preliminary annealing in an inert atmosphere.
    Print ISSN: 0036-0244
    Digitale ISSN: 1531-863X
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Publiziert von Springer im Namen von MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica.
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  • 7
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    Molecular mechanism of the viscosity of aqueous glucose solutions (2017)
    Springer
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-11
    Beschreibung: Experimental relations are obtained for the viscosity of aqueous glucose solutions in the temperature range of 10–80°C and concentration range 0.01–2.5%. It is found that the concentration dependence of fluidity is linear when the concentration is higher than a certain value and varies at different temperatures. The existence of such a dependence indicates that the mobilities of solvent and solute molecules are independent of the concentration of solutions. This assumption is used to construct a theoretical model, in which the structure of an aqueous glucose solution is presented as a combination of two weakly interacting networks formed by hydrogen bonds between water molecules and between glucose molecules. Theoretical relations are obtained using this model of network solution structure for the concentration and temperature dependence of solution viscosity. Experimental data are used to calculate the activation energies for water ( U w = 3.0 × 10 –20 J) and glucose molecules ( U g = 2.8 × 10 –20 J). It is shown that the viscosity of a solution in such a network structure is governed by the Brownian motion of solitons along the chains of hydrogen bonds. The weak interaction between networks results in the contributions to solution fluidity made by the motion of solitons in both of them being almost independent.
    Print ISSN: 0036-0244
    Digitale ISSN: 1531-863X
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Publiziert von Springer im Namen von MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica.
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  • 8
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    Enthalpy characteristics of L-proline dissolution in certain water–organic mixtures at 298.15 K (2017)
    Springer
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-11
    Beschreibung: A thermochemical study of the processes of L-proline dissolution in aqueous solutions of acetonitrile, 1,4-dioxane, acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide, nitromethane and tetrahydrofuran at Т = 298.15 K in the range of organic solvent concentrations x 2 = 0–0.25 mole fractions is performed. Standard values of the enthalpies of solution and transfer of L-proline from water to mixed solvent, and the enthalpy coefficients of pairwise interactions between L-proline and molecules of organic solvents, are calculated. The effect the composition of a water–organic mixture and the structure of organic solvents have on the enthalpy characteristics of L-proline dissolution and transfer is examined. The effect the energy properties of intermolecular interactions between components of a mixed solvent has on the intermolecular interactions between L-proline and molecules of cosolvent is estimated. The correlation between the enthalpy characteristics of L-proline dissolution and electron-donor properties of organic cosolvent in aqueous solutions is determined.
    Print ISSN: 0036-0244
    Digitale ISSN: 1531-863X
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Publiziert von Springer im Namen von MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica.
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  • 9
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    Effect of the preparation method of silver and gold nanoparticles on the photosensitizing properties of tetraphenylporphyrin–amphiphilic polymer—nanoparticle systems (2017)
    Springer
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-11
    Beschreibung: The ranges of concentrations of silver and gold nanoparticles in which the rate constants of the test for the photodynamic therapy (PDT) reaction of oxidation of tryptophan in an aqueous medium in the presence of photosensitizer remain virtually the same (without nanoparticles) are found. This testifies to the feasibility of causing additional photothermal damage on tumor cells by transforming the absorbed energy of electromagnetic radiation in the area of the plasmon resonances of the administered nanoparticles into heat energy in the PDT of tumors. Metal nanoparticles are obtained by photochemical and chemical methods, and by laser ablation. Tetraphenylporphyrin solubilized with Pluronic F127 (to attain its solubility in aqueous systems), the optical absorption band of which is close to the plasmon absorption bands of nanoparticles, is used as a photosensitizer.
    Print ISSN: 0036-0244
    Digitale ISSN: 1531-863X
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Publiziert von Springer im Namen von MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica.
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  • 10
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    Adsorption and catalytic properties of sulfated aluminum oxide modified with cobalt ions (2017)
    Springer
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-02-11
    Beschreibung: The adsorption properties of sulfated aluminum oxide (9% SO 4 2- /γ-Al 2 O 3 ) and a cobalt-containing composite (0.5%Сo/SO 4 2- /γ-Al 2 O 3 ) based on it are studied via dynamic sorption. The adsorption isotherms of such test adsorbates as n-hydrocarbons (C 6 –C 8 ), benzene, ethylbenzene, chloroform, and diethyl ether are measured, and their isosteric heats of adsorption are calculated. It is shown that the surface sulfation of aluminum oxide substantially improves its electron-accepting properties, and so the catalytic activity of SO 4 2- /γ-Al 2 O 3 in the liquid-phase alkylation of benzene with octene-1 at temperatures of 25–120°C is one order of magnitude higher than for the initial aluminum oxide. It is established that additional modification of sulfated aluminum oxide with cobalt ions increases the activity of this catalyst by 2–4 times. It is shown that adsorption sites capable of strong specific adsorption with both donating (aromatics, diethyl ether chemosorption) and accepting molecules (chloroform) form on the surface of sulfated γ-Al 2 O 3 promoted by cobalt salt.
    Print ISSN: 0036-0244
    Digitale ISSN: 1531-863X
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Publiziert von Springer im Namen von MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica.
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