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  • Articles  (1,626)
  • Springer Nature  (1,626)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • American Meteorological Society
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • 2010-2014  (1,626)
  • 2000-2004
  • 1995-1999
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  • 1930-1934
  • 2012  (1,421)
  • 2011  (205)
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  • Scientific Reports  (614)
  • 166185
  • Natural Sciences in General  (1,626)
  • Geosciences
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  • Articles  (1,626)
Source
Publisher
  • Springer Nature  (1,626)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • American Meteorological Society
  • American Physical Society (APS)
Years
  • 2010-2014  (1,626)
  • 2000-2004
  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984
  • 1960-1964
    • +
Year
  • 2012  (1,421)
  • 2011  (205)
  • 1999
  • 1995
  • 1982
    • +
Journal
Topic
  • Natural Sciences in General  (1,626)
  • Geosciences
  • 1
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    Organic Single-Crystal Light-Emitting Transistor Coupling with Optical Feedback Resonators (2012)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-12-18
    Description: Organic light-emitting transistors (OLETs) are of great research interest because they combine the advantage of the active channel of a transistor that can control the luminescence of an in-situ light-emitting diode in the same device. Here we report a novel single-crystal OLET (SCLET) that is coupled with single crystal optical feedback resonators. The combination of single-crystal waveguides with native Fabry-Perot cavities, formed by parallel crystal edges, drastically lowers the threshold energy for spectral narrowing and non-linear intensity enhancement. We apply this structure to SCLETs and demonstrate the first fabrication of a SCLET with the optical feedback resonators. Scientific Reports 2 doi: 10.1038/srep00985
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 2
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    Ordering Ag nanowire arrays by a glass capillary: A portable, reusable and durable SERS substrate (2012)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-12-18
    Description: Assembly of nanowires into ordered macroscopic structures with new functionalities has been a recent focus. In this Letter, we report a new route for ordering hydrophilic Ag nanowires with high aspect ratio by flowing through a glass capillary. The present glass capillary with well-defined silver nanowire films inside can serve as a portable and reusable substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), which may provide a versatile and promising platform for detecting mixture pollutions. By controlling the flow parameters of nanowire suspensions, initially random Ag nanowires can be aligned to form nanowire arrays with tunable density, forming cambered nanowire films adhered onto the inner wall of the capillary. Compared with the planar ordered Ag nanowire films by the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique, the cambered nanowire films show better SERS performance. Scientific Reports 2 doi: 10.1038/srep00987
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 3
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    Growth patterns for acervuli in human pineal gland (2012)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-18
    Description: Acervuli are calcified concretions in the pineal gland (PG). Particularly interesting are their incidence and size, which are believed to affect neurological disorders and many physiological functions of PG such as regulating circadian rhythm. Despite long investigations for a century, detailed growth mechanism of acervuli has yet to be studied. Here we study the growth morphology of acervuli in human PGs by a direct visualization in 3-dimension (3-D) using a synchrotron X-ray imaging method. For an entire PG, non-aggregated acervuli show Gaussian distribution in size with 47±28 µm. The 3-D volume rendered images of acervuli reveal that the bumpy surfaces developed by lamination result in the mulberry-like structure. In addition, coalescence of multiple acervuli leads to large-scale lamination on the whole aggregate. We suggest a novel hypothesis on the growth patterns of acervuli by their nucleation density (Nd): i) mulberry-like structure at low Nd, and ii) large-scale lamination on an aggregate at high Nd. Scientific Reports 2 doi: 10.1038/srep00984
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 4
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    A singular thermodynamically consistent temperature at the origin of the anomalous behavior of liquid water (2012)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-19
    Description: The density maximum of water dominates the thermodynamics of the system under ambient conditions, is strongly P-dependent, and disappears at a crossover pressure Pcross ~ 1.8 kbar. We study this variable across a wide area of the T–P phase diagram. We consider old and new data of both the isothermal compressibility KT(T, P) and the coefficient of thermal expansion αP(T, P). We observe that KT(T) shows a minimum at T* ~ 315±5 K for all the studied pressures. We find the behavior of αP to also be surprising: all the αP(T) curves measured at different P cross at T*. The experimental data show a “singular and universal expansivity point” at T* ~ 315 K and αP(T*) ≃ 0.44 10−3 K−1. Unlike other water singularities, we find this temperature to be thermodynamically consistent in the relationship connecting the two response functions. Scientific Reports 2 doi: 10.1038/srep00993
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 5
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    Stability of miRNA 5′terminal and seed regions is correlated with experimentally observed miRNA-mediated silencing efficacy (2012)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-19
    Description: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of sequence-specific gene silencing. However, crucial factors that determine the efficacy of miRNA-mediated target gene silencing are poorly understood. Here we mathematized base-pairing stability and showed that miRNAs with an unstable 5′ terminal duplex and stable seed-target duplex exhibit strong silencing activity. The results are consistent with the previous findings that an RNA strand with unstable 5′ terminal in miRNA duplex easily loads onto the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), and miRNA recognizes target mRNAs with seed-complementary sequences to direct posttranscriptional repression. Our results suggested that both the unwinding and target recognition processes of miRNAs could be proficiently controlled by the thermodynamics of base-pairing in protein-free condition. Interestingly, such thermodynamic parameters might be evolutionarily well adapted to the body temperatures of various species. Scientific Reports 2 doi: 10.1038/srep00996
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 6
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    Absence of a Spin Liquid Phase in the Hubbard Model on the Honeycomb Lattice (2012)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-19
    Description: A spin liquid is a novel quantum state of matter with no conventional order parameter where a finite charge gap exists even though the band theory would predict metallic behavior. Finding a stable spin liquid in two or higher spatial dimensions is one of the most challenging and debated issues in condensed matter physics. Very recently, it has been reported that a model of graphene, i.e., the Hubbard model on the honeycomb lattice, can show a spin liquid ground state in a wide region of the phase diagram, between a semi-metal (SM) and an antiferromagnetic insulator (AFMI). Here, by performing numerically exact quantum Monte Carlo simulations, we extend the previous study to much larger clusters (containing up to 2592 sites), and find, if any, a very weak evidence of this spin liquid region. Instead, our calculations strongly indicate a direct and continuous quantum phase transition between SM and AFMI. Scientific Reports 2 doi: 10.1038/srep00992
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 7
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    Retention of potentially mobile radiocesium in forest surface soils affected by the Fukushima nuclear accident (2012)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-20
    Description: The fate of 137Cs derived from the Fukushima nuclear accident fallout and associated radiological hazards are largely dependent on its mobility in the surface soils of forest ecosystems. Thus, we quantified microbial and adsorptive retentions of 137Cs in forest surface (0–3 cm) soils. The K2SO4 extraction process liberated 2.1%–12.8% of the total 137Cs from the soils. Two soils with a higher content of clay- and silt-sized particles, organic carbon content, and cation exchange capacity showed higher 137Cs extractability. Microbial biomass was observed in all of the soils. However, the 137Cs extractability did not increase after destruction of the microbial biomass by chloroform fumigation, providing no evidence for microbial retention of the Fukushima-fallout 137Cs. The results indicate that uptake of 137Cs by soil microorganisms is less important for retention of potentially mobile 137Cs in the forest surface soils compared to ion-exchange adsorption on non-specific sites provided by abiotic components. Scientific Reports 2 doi: 10.1038/srep01005
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 8
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    Microwave-assisted Low-temperature Growth of Thin Films in Solution (2012)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-20
    Description: Thin films find a variety of technological applications. Assembling thin films from atoms in the liquid phase is intrinsically a non-equilibrium phenomenon, controlled by the competition between thermodynamics and kinetics. We demonstrate here that microwave energy can assist in assembling atoms into thin films directly on a substrate at significantly lower temperatures than conventional processes, potentially enabling plastic-based electronics. Both experimental and electromagnetic simulation results show microwave fields can selectively interact with a conducting layer on the substrate despite the discrepancy between the substrate size and the microwave wavelength. The microwave interaction leads to localized energy absorption, heating, and subsequent nucleation and growth of the desired films. Electromagnetic simulations show remarkable agreement with experiments and are employed to understand the physics of the microwave interaction and identify conditions to improve uniformity of the films. The films can be patterned and grown on various substrates, enabling their use in widespread applications. Scientific Reports 2 doi: 10.1038/srep01003
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 9
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    Fluorescence laser microdissection reveals a distinct pattern of gene activation in the mouse hippocampal region (2012)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2012-11-08
    Description: A histoanatomical context is imperative in an analysis of gene expression in a cell in a tissue to elucidate physiological function of the cell. In this study, we made technical advances in fluorescence laser microdissection (LMD) in combination with the absolute quantification of small amounts of mRNAs from a region of interest (ROI) in fluorescence-labeled tissue sections. We demonstrate that our fluorescence LMD-RTqPCR method has three orders of dynamic range, with the lower limit of ROI-size corresponding to a single cell. The absolute quantification of the expression levels of the immediate early genes in an ROI equivalent to a few hundred neurons in the hippocampus revealed that mice transferred from their home cage to a novel environment have distinct activation profiles in the hippocampal regions (CA1, CA3, and DG) and that the gene expression pattern in CA1, but not in the other regions, follows a power law distribution. Scientific Reports 2 doi: 10.1038/srep00783
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 10
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    Radiation-Suppressed plasmonic open resonators designed by nonmagnetic transformation optics (2012)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-08
    Description: How to confine light energy associated with surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in a physical space with minimal radiation loss whereas creating maximum interacting section with surrounding environment is of particular interest in plasmonic optics. By virtue of transformation optics, we propose a design method of forming a polygonal surface-plasmonic resonator in fully open structures by applying the nonmagnetic affine transformation optics strategy. The radiation loss can be suppressed because SPPs that propagate in the designed open structures will be deceived as if they were propagating on a flat metal/dielectric interface without radiation. Because of the nonmagnetic nature of the transformation strategy, this design can be implemented with dielectric materials available in nature. An experimentally verifiable model is subsequently proposed for future experimental demonstration. Our design may find potential applications in omnidirectional sensing, light harvesting, energy storage and plasmonic lasing. Scientific Reports 2 doi: 10.1038/srep00784
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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