ALBERT

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 191〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Sheng Chen, Zhiyuan Gong, Robert J. Letcher, Chunsheng Liu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉A previous study reported that exposure to tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) could promote the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in female HCC model zebrafish. Due to the existence of gender disparity in the development of HCC between females and males, whether the promotion effect of TDCIPP still exists in male HCC model zebrafish remains unclear. In this study, 〈em〉Tg(fabp10:rtTA2s-M2; TRE2:EGFP-kras〈/em〉〈sup〉〈em〉G12V〈/em〉〈/sup〉), referred as 〈em〉kras〈/em〉 transgenic zebrafish which was shown to be an inducible liver tumor model, was applied as experimental model to assess the promotion potential of TDCIPP for HCC in males. In brief, 〈em〉kras〈/em〉 males were exposed to 20 mg/L doxycycline (DOX), 0.3 mg/L TDCIPP and a binary mixture of 20 mg/L DOX with 0.3 mg/L TDCIPP, and after exposure liver size, histopathology and transcriptional profiles of liver from these treatments were examined. With the involvement of TDCIPP, the liver size was significantly increased and the lesion of hepatocyte became more aggressive. Furthermore, expressions of genes involved in DNA replication and inflammatory response were simultaneously up-regulated in the treatment of TDCIPP compared with the solvent control and in the treatment of the binary mixture of the two chemicals compared to the single DOX treatment. Overall, our results suggested that TDCIPP had promotion effect on the progression of liver tumor in 〈em〉kras〈/em〉 males.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 191〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yuelei Dong, Lei Cui, Rongbo Cao, Jingyi Cen, Jian Zou, Xiaoyu Zhou, Songhui Lu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Since 2006, harmful dinoflagellate blooms of 〈em〉Cochlodinium geminatum〈/em〉 have infrequently occurred in the Pearl River Estuary, South China. During late October to early November in 2018, 〈em〉C. geminatum〈/em〉 blooms occurred again in the region. To investigate the blooming mechanism in certain temporal conditions, we analysed the changes in the environmental parameters and phytoplankton community structure during and after the bloom. The results indicated that the water temperature and salinity had large impacts on the bloom. During the 〈em〉C. geminatum〈/em〉 bloom, the phytoplankton community structure changed and the number of dominant species decreased. After the bloom, the species number and abundance of diatoms increased, as the species diversity was recovering. Retinal was detected in the field samples and cultured 〈em〉C. geminatum〈/em〉. It has been demonstrated to exist in some algae species (e.g. Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, and Euglenophyt), and our results indicates that such teratogens also exist in dinoflagellates. The highest concentration of retinal was detected during the bloom. This result indicates that the retinal content may accumulate during a bloom. Retinal has been demonstrated to be a teratogenic agent and may therefore present a potential risk to aquatic organisms during a bloom episode. This research provided more comprehensive information concerning the ecological influences of 〈em〉C. geminatum〈/em〉 blooms.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 191〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Boyi Zhao, Min Wang, Changwei Lü, Ling Feng, Hua Ma, Haixia Meng, Muge Qi, Qingyun Fan, Haoji Wang, Haijun Zhou, Jiang He〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Air pollution has been considered as one of the most important factors associating with various birth outcomes. However, the seasonal response of maternal comorbidities effects associated with air pollution has not been investigated, especially in the city with distinguish seasonal pattern and long heating seasons. In this work, 69,945 live births were investigated from 2013 to 2016, and the seasonal relationship between air pollution and preterm birth and low birth weight were assessed, as well as the synergism of maternal comorbidities. Exposures of six pollutants were assigned to maternal residences during pregnancy. The potential effect modification by maternal comorbidities on the associations was evaluated between prenatal air pollution and preterm birth (PTB), as well as effects of seasons and trimesters. Adjusting for seasonality, all six pollutants presented seasonal relationship with preterm birth, which CO, PM〈sub〉10〈/sub〉, NO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉, and PM〈sub〉2.5〈/sub〉 were with [odds ratio (OR) = 1.035 95% CI: 1.015, 1.055, OR = 1.039 95% CI: 1.034, 1.045, OR = 1.042, 95% CI: 1.029, 1.056 and OR = 1.085 95% CI 1.073, 1.097, respectively] for tenth quartile of 10 μg/m〈sup〉3〈/sup〉 range increased in autumn (the beginning of heating season). For O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉, it associated with PTB in winter and spring with OR = 1.113 95% CI: 1.104, 1.123, and OR = 1.155 95% CI: 1.145, 1.165, respectively. The OR increase of PTB for exposure to all six pollutants was higher among women with preeclampsia and gestational hypertension. The associations between ambient air pollution and preterm birth were modified by gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. The seasonal patterns of six studied air pollutants increases the risk of PTB in autumn and winter distinguishably, which may due to the sudden increased concentrations of pollutants emitted by traditional heating. The seasonal response of the synergism of maternal comorbidities and long-term air pollution exposure on birth outcomes is supported by the data sets of preterm birth.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0147651320300713-fx1.jpg" width="237" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 191〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Fei-li Li, Yuehua Qiu, Xinyang Xu, Feng Yang, Zhiwei Wang, Jianru Feng, Jiade Wang〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Landscaping of sludge is a kind of recycling disposal, but the potential heavy metal risks limit its application. In this paper, the sludge soil was remediated by ryegrass, and the effect of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) was studied through pot experiments. Italian ryegrass was planted in the sludge soil treated with six gradients concentrations of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 mmol kg〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 of EDTA, and the planting conditions were kept the same. After 45 days of planting, compared with the control group (without EDTA treated), the application of 1–5 mmol kg〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 EDTA decreased ryegrass biomass by 2–43%, reduced soil pH value by 0.21–0.34 unit, and reduced 4.1–9.7% capacity of exchange cation, but increased 1.4–8.6% soil organic matter. After growing ryegrass, the contents of heavy metals decreased by 10% for Cu, 15% for Zn, 6% for Ni, 14% for Cd and 44% for Pb; and after spraying EDTA decreased again by 33% for Cu, 31% for Zn, 56% for Ni, 24% for Cd, and 68% for Pb. In ryegrass, the uptake heavy metals were enhanced, and bio-concentration factor of Cu, Zn, Ni, Cd, and Pb of EDTA treated groups were 1.9, 1.6, 4.1, 2.7, and 4.8 times of the control group, respectively. However, EDTA only significantly increased transfer factor values of Cu and Zn, and made bio-extraction factor value of Cu greater than 1. The remediation factor values were used to comprehensive assess accumulation capacity of heavy metals by ryegrass under EDTA treating, and they ordered in Zn 〉 Cu 〉 Ni 〉 Cd 〉 Pb, and the best dose was 2 mmol kg〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 EDTA. Prediction models for bio-concentration factor were established by using stepwise multiple linear regression, explaining 94.9–99.3% of the corresponding elements with soil organic matter, EDTA dosage, and/or pH value (p 〈 0.005). This paper provided effective heavy metals remediation data for municipal sludge landscape and the prediction models.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0147651320300245-fx1.jpg" width="362" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 191〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yuanyuan Zhang, Jiubin Chen, Wang Zheng, Ruoyu Sun, Shengliu Yuan, Hongming Cai, David Au Yang, Wei Yuan, Mei Meng, Zhongwei Wang, Yulong Liu, Jianfeng Liu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Rivers integrate natural and anthropogenic mercury (Hg), and are important vectors of terrestrial Hg to the oceans. Here, we report the total Hg concentration and Hg isotope compositions of dissolved load in the Pearl River, the second largest river in China, in order to understand the processes and sources affecting Hg systematics in large anthropogenically-impacted river water. The dissolved Hg showed a concentration varying from 0.45 to 2.44 ng/L, within the range reported for natural background lake and river waters. All river water samples showed significantly negative δ〈sup〉202〈/sup〉Hg (−2.89‰ to −0.57‰), slightly positive Δ〈sup〉200〈/sup〉Hg (−0.05‰ to 0.52‰), and mostly positive Δ〈sup〉199〈/sup〉Hg (0.10‰ to 0.57‰), except for three extremely negative values (−2.25‰ to −0.76‰). Combined with other geochemical parameters, we suggest that the influence of in-river processes, such as sorption and reduction, on the Hg isotope compositions is very limited, and the dissolved Hg in the Pearl River mainly comes from atmospheric precipitation and surface soil weathering. Although the whole river basin is largely affected by urban, industrial and mining activities, unlike other heavy metals, their direct contributions to dissolved Hg seem limited. It is worth noting that the three samples with very negative Δ〈sup〉199〈/sup〉Hg values (down to −2.25‰) are derived from special source which attribute to the input of Hg released from the local incineration of electronic wastes. This study demonstrates that isotope approach is a powerful tool for tracing sources and pathways of Hg in large complex river systems.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 191〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Shiming Song, Yuan He, Tao Zhang, Hongkai Zhu, Xiongfei Huang, Xueyuan Bai, Bo Zhang, Kurunthachalam Kannan〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Six parabens and their four metabolites were measured in paired maternal serum (MS) and cord serum (CS) samples collected from 95 pregnant women to elucidate placental transfer of this class of compounds. Matched maternal urine (MU) and amniotic fluid (AF) collected from 13 of 95 pregnant women were also analyzed to examine partition of these chemicals between maternal and fetal tissues. The placental transfer rates (PTRs; concentration ratio of parabens between CS and MS) of methyl- (MeP), ethyl- (EtP), propyl-parabens (PrP) were 0.81, 0.63, and 0.60, respectively. Furthermore, the PTRs of OH–MeP (0.93) and OH–EtP (1.8) were higher than those of their corresponding parent parabens, which suggested that hydroxylation increased placental transfer rates of parabens. Structure-dependent placental transfer mechanisms were observed. A significant negative correlation between molecular weights (or log 〈em〉K〈/em〉〈sub〉ow〈/sub〉) of MeP, EtP, PrP, and 〈em〉p〈/em〉-hydroxy benzoic acid (4-HB) and PTRs suggested passive diffusion as a mechanism of placental transfer of these chemicals. Nevertheless, other hydroxylated metabolites (OH–EtP, OH–MeP, and 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid (3,4-DHB)) showed a positive correlation between molecular weight (or log 〈em〉K〈/em〉〈sub〉ow〈/sub〉) and PTRs, which suggested that the placental transfer is mediated by protein binding of these metabolites. The MU to MS concentration ratios of MeP (MU/MS〈sub〉MeP〈/sub〉) and PrP (MU/MS〈sub〉PrP〈/sub〉) were 71 and 81, respectively, and MU/MS〈sub〉MeP〈/sub〉 was two orders of magnitude higher than that found for the metabolite (MU/MS〈sub〉OH-MeP〈/sub〉: 0.35), suggesting that hydroxylation metabolite reduced urinary elimination of parabens. To our knowledge, this is the first time to report the occurrence and distribution of parabens and their metabolites in paired maternal-fetal serum, urine, and AF samples in China. Our results provide novel information on placental transfer of parabens and their metabolites.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0147651320300749-fx1.jpg" width="340" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 191〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jingjing Zhang, Xinji Liu, Yitian Zhu, Linsheng Yang, Liang Sun, Rong Wei, Guimei Chen, Qunan Wang, Jie Sheng, Annuo Liu, Fangbiao Tao, Kaiyong Liu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Extensive antibiotic exposure in the general population has been documented by bio-monitoring, but data regarding antibiotic burden across three generations in families living in the same household are lacking. We investigated the distribution of antibiotics and the potential health risk among the three generations by selecting 691 participants from 256 households in Fuyang city, China. A total of 45 antibiotics and two metabolites were screened in urine samples through liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. In total, 34 antibiotics were found in the samples with an overall detection frequency of 92.0%, and the detection frequencies of individual antibiotic ranged from 0.3% to 28.7%. Specifically, the concentrations of seven antibiotics (azithromycin, amoxicillin, oxytetracycline, levofloxacin, norfloxacin, trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole) were extremely high (i.e., above 10, 000 ng/mL). The detection rates of tetracyclines were significantly different among the three generations, with parents having the highest detection rate. Penicillin V, chlortetracycline, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin showed a higher detection frequency in parents, whereas tetracycline, danofloxacin, and ofloxacin were more likely to be found in grandparents. The proportions of the sum of the daily exposure dose of VAs and PVAs more than 1 μg/kg/d in children, parents, and grandparents were 31.6%, 39.5%, and 26.5%, respectively. A hazard index (HI) greater than 1 was observed in 14.7% children, which was less than the 23.6% in parents and slightly higher than the 11.8% in grandparents. Ciprofloxacin was the biggest contributor to HI among the three generations. Collectively, these findings indicate that households are widely exposed to various antibiotics in Fuyang city, where parents had the highest health risk associated with the disturbance of gut microbiota.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0147651320300762-fx1.jpg" width="288" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 191〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Chao Han, Yuanyuan Wei, Yuqing Cui, Yumemg Geng, Yongzhan Bao, Wanyu Shi〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In order to explore the mechanism of liver injury induced by florfenicol (FFC) in broilers, one hundred and twenty broilers were randomly divided into six groups, twenty broilers in each group. Except for control group, the other five groups were given different doses of FFC (0.15 g/L, 0.3 g/L, 0.6 g/L, 1.2 g/L and 1.8 g/L) in drinking water. After five days of continuous use, blood was collected from the subpterional vein and the chickens' liver were obtained. Chicken weight gain and liver indices were calculated; blood routine analysis was performed; the oxidative stress and apoptosis of hepatocytes was detected. The results showed that compared with the control group, except for 0.15 g/L FFC, the other doses of FFC significantly decreased the weight gain, white blood cell (WBC) and platelet (PLT) contents in blood, 0.3 g/mL FFC and 1.8 g/L FFC significantly reduced the content of hemoglobin (RGB) (〈em〉P〈/em〉 〈 0.05); all doses of FFC significant decreased red blood cell (RBC) increased Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) contents in serum of chickens (〈em〉P〈/em〉 〈 0.05), and significantly decreased the contents of albumin (ALB) and total protein (TP) in serum (〈em〉P〈/em〉 〈 0.05), but had no significant effect on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) contents(〈em〉P〈/em〉 〉 0.05). FFC significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content in serum and liver tissues, but decreased glutathione (GSH), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) content (〈em〉P〈/em〉 〈 0.05), and significantly inhibited the mRNA transcription and protein expression of antioxidant proteins nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone-1 (NQO-1)(〈em〉P〈/em〉 〈 0.05). FFC also inhibited the content and the transcription level of cytochrome P4501A1(CYP1A1) and CYP2H1 in liver (〈em〉P〈/em〉 〈 0.05). At the same time, FFC significantly promoted the apoptotic rate of hepatocytes and the mRNA transcription and protein expression of caspase-3 and caspase-6 (〈em〉P〈/em〉 〈 0.05). With the increase of FFC concentration, liver injury became more and more serious, which affected liver function in chickens by inhibiting enzyme activity in Nrf2-ARE pathway to increase oxidative stress and promoting apoptotic protein expression to accelerate hepatocyte apoptosis.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 191〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Xiaoniu Yu, Jianguo Jiang〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This paper proposes a green environment-friendly 〈em〉Bacillus subtilis〈/em〉 to mineralize and consolidate waste incineration fly ash and heavy metal cations, and there is no harmful by-product in the mineralization process. Different phosphate products can be prepared, and are more stable than the microbially-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) in nature. Typical heavy metal oxides were mainly PbO, ZnO, CdO, NiO, CuO and Cr〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 in the chemical composition of waste incineration fly ash. Microstructure and chemical composition of waste incineration fly ash before and after treatment were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that the morphology of the 〈em〉Bacillus subtilis〈/em〉 was mainly a rod-like structure. The optimal hydrolysis dosage of the organic phosphate monoester sodium salt was 0.2mol in the bacterial solution (1L, 20 g/L). The optimum required mass of the bacterial powder was 15 g/kg in treatment process of the waste incineration fly ash. The initial concentration of lead ions was 40.28 mg/L in waste incineration fly ash solution. After the optimum dosage treatment, the removal efficiency of lead ions was 78.15%, 79.64%, 77.70% and 80.14% when curing time was 1, 2, 4 and 6d, respectively. The waste incineration fly ash had a Shore hardness of 22 after the optimum amount of bacterial liquid treatment. Results of wind erosion test showed that the wind erosion rate of waste incineration fly ash was 2.6, 0, 0, 0, 0 and 0 g/h when blank group, deionized water, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mL of bacterial solutions treated, respectively. The bio-mineralization method provides an approach for the safe disposal of heavy metals in the contaminated areas of tailings, electroplating sewage, waste incineration plants, and so on.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 191〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Zhi-jie Tang, Zhao-ming Cao, Xue-wen Guo, Hong-juan Chen, Yi Lian, Wei-juan Zheng, Yi-jun Chen, Hong-zhen Lian, Xin Hu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Differences of cytotoxicity associated with exposure to different extracts of atmospheric particulate matters (PMs) are still not well characterized by in vitro toxicoproteomics. In this study, in vitro cytotoxicity assays and toxicoproteomic analyses were carried out to investigate toxic effects of PM collected using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filters extracted with acetone for PM〈sub〉2.1〈/sub〉 and water for PM〈sub〉2.1〈/sub〉 and PM〈sub〉10〈/sub〉 on A549 human lung epithelial cells. The cytotoxicity assays based on cell viability, cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species generation indicated that PM〈sub〉2.1〈/sub〉 extracted with acetone had the highest toxicity. iTRAQ labeling and LC-MS/MS analyses indicated that the number of differentially expressed proteins in A549 cells affected by PM〈sub〉2.1〈/sub〉 extracted with acetone was noticeably higher than that of the other two groups. Hierarchical cluster analyses showed that the influences of the extracts of PM〈sub〉2.1〈/sub〉 and PM〈sub〉10〈/sub〉 using water on the proteome of A549 cells were similar, whereas significantly different from the effect of PM〈sub〉2.1〈/sub〉 extracted with acetone. Pathways analyses indicated that PM〈sub〉2.1〈/sub〉 extracted with acetone influenced the expression of proteins involved in 14 pathways including glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway, proteasome, etc. PM〈sub〉2.1〈/sub〉 extracted with water affected the expression of proteins involved in 3 pathways including non-homologous end-joining, ribosome and endocytosis. However, PM〈sub〉10〈/sub〉 extracted with water affected the expression of proteins involved in only spliceosome pathway. The extracts of PM using different extractants to detach PM from PTFE filters influenced the cytotoxic effects of PM and the proteome of A549 cells. Therefore, extractants should be assessed carefully before the investigations on cytotoxicity to improve the compatibility of experimental results among research teams.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0147651320300622-fx1.jpg" width="475" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 191〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Lijun Niu, Guang Xian, Zeqing Long, Guangming Zhang, Jia Zhu, Jinwei Li〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉An efficient MnCeO〈sub〉x〈/sub〉 composite was successfully synthesized for activation of persulfate to degrade acid orange 7 (AO7) and ofloxacin. Pollutants degradation efficiencies with different catalytic systems were investigated. Results showed the performance of MnCeO〈sub〉x〈/sub〉 was better than MnO〈sub〉x,〈/sub〉 CeO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 and MnO〈sub〉x〈/sub〉 + CeO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉. Thus, there was a clear synergistic effect (Se) between Mn and Ce in the composite, and the Se was 73.8% for AO7 and 39.6% for ofloxacin. In addition, AO7 removal fitted 1st order reaction while ofloxacin removal fitted 2nd order reaction in MnCeO〈sub〉x〈/sub〉/persulfate system. Moreover, MnCeO〈sub〉x〈/sub〉/persulfate system showed high efficiency in pH range of 5–9. Mechanism analysis showed that SO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉〈img src="https://sdfestaticassets-eu-west-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/16/entities/rad"〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉 and 〈img src="https://sdfestaticassets-eu-west-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/16/entities/rad"〉OH on the surface of the catalyst were the main active species, and O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉〈img src="https://sdfestaticassets-eu-west-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/16/entities/rad"〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉 also played an important role in pollutants degradation. Furthermore, MnCeO〈sub〉x〈/sub〉 showed high activity in actual water. Finally, the possible degradation pathway of ofloxacin was proposed according to the high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry result. Overall, this study provides an efficient and stable catalyst to activate persulfate to degrade refractory pollutants.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0147651320300671-fx1.jpg" width="498" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 191〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Songlin Zhang, Xilu Ni, Muhammad Arif, Zhongxun Yuan, Lijuan Li, Changxiao Li〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The potential for the phytoremediation of halophytes has been widely recognized. However, the effects of salt on Cd accumulation characteristics in different halophytic species, which may also be related to their salt tolerance, are still unclear. This study investigated the effects of salinity on Cd accumulation and distribution in two distinct halophytes, 〈em〉Suaeda glauca〈/em〉 (euhalophyte) and 〈em〉Limonium aureum〈/em〉 (recretohalophyte). Seedlings of the two species were treated with 0, 3, and 6 mg kg〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 soil Cd in combination with or without 0.3% NaCl in a pot experiment. The amount of Cd within the rhizosphere and plant tissues, plant biomass, and the subcellular distribution and chemical forms of Cd were examined. Results showed that the addition of NaCl significantly increased Cd bioavailability at high Cd levels due to the rhizosphere acidification effect. Meanwhile, salinity differently impacted plant biomass allocation, and enhanced Cd uptake and translocation in both studied halophytes. Excess Cd was excreted from the leaf surface, possibly by salt glands of 〈em〉L. aureum,〈/em〉 with the salinity facilitating this process. Majority of the Cd was found within the cell walls and vacuolar compartments of two species. However, 〈em〉S. glauca〈/em〉 plants had higher proportions of inactive Cd (extracted by 2% HAc and 0.6 M HCl) and lower proportions of active Cd (extracted by 80% ethanol and water), as opposed to 〈em〉L. aureum〈/em〉, which would better inform 〈em〉S. glauca's〈/em〉 higher Cd accumulation. Based on these results, 〈em〉S. glauca〈/em〉 seems more applicable for phytomanagement of Cd-contaminated saline soils due to its higher capacity for Cd enrichment and tolerance amplified by NaCl.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 191〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): M.G. Hinojosa, A.I. Prieto, D. Gutiérrez-Praena, F.J. Moreno, A.M. Cameán, A. Jos〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a cyanotoxicant which occurrence is increasing due to climate change. Cylindrospermopsin is able to exert damage in the organism at several levels, among them, in the nervous system. Moreover, it is important to take into account that it is not usually present isolated in nature, but in combination with some other pollutants, being the case of the pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF). Thus, the aim of the present work was to assess the effects of the interaction of CYN in combination with CPF in the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y by evaluating cytotoxicity and mechanistic endpoints. The mixtures 0.25 + 21, 0.5 + 42, 1 + 84 μg/mL of CYN + CPF based on cytotoxicity results, were evaluated, and the isobologram method detected an antagonistic effect after 24 and 48 h of exposure. Moreover, although no alterations of reactive oxygen species were detected, a significant decrease of glutathione levels was observed after exposure to both, CPF alone and the combination, at all the concentrations and times of exposure assayed. In addition, CYN + CPF caused a marked decrease in the acetylcholinesterase activity, providing similar values to CPF alone. However, these effects were less severe than expected. All these findings, together with the morphological study results, point out that it is important to take into account the interaction of CYN with other pollutants. Further research is required to contribute to the risk assessment of CYN and other contaminants considering more realistic exposure scenarios.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 191〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Zhen Yu, Teng Zhang, Yi Zhu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Cadmium (Cd), a common environmental toxic contaminant, is easily accumulated in living organisms, leading to numerous harmful effects. 〈em〉Chlamydomonas reinhardtii〈/em〉, a unicellular eukaryotic green algae strain, is a very suitable candidate for bioremediation of Cd-contaminated water. However, for the poor resistance to Cd, application of 〈em〉C. reinhardtii〈/em〉 was restricted and genes mediating Cd tolerance in 〈em〉C. reinhardtii〈/em〉 remain unclear. In this paper, adaptive laboratory evolution was performed with algae constant exposure to Cd over 420-day at environmentally relevant concentrations to select 〈em〉C. reinhardtii〈/em〉 strains with high tolerance to Cd. Physiological indicators, such as cell proliferation, photosynthetic pigment contents and photosynthetic activity of photosystem were detected to evaluate the Cd tolerance of selected algae strain ALE0.5. Then, whole-genome re-sequencing and transcriptome were applied to identify the genes related to Cd tolerance. Genes involved in photosynthesis (〈em〉PSBP1〈/em〉), glutathione metabolism (〈em〉CHLREDRAFT_167073, GPX5〈/em〉) and calcium transport (〈em〉CHLREDRAFT_189266, CHLREDRAFT_191203〈/em〉, 〈em〉CHLREDRAFT_187187〈/em〉, 〈em〉CSE1〈/em〉) were related to Cd tolerance in 〈em〉C. reinhardtii〈/em〉. This study provides a basis for obtaining transgenic 〈em〉C. reinhardtii〈/em〉 strains with high Cd tolerance used for bioremediation of Cd pollution in the future.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0147651320300701-fx1.jpg" width="500" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 191〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Courage D. Egbi, Geophrey K. Anornu, Samuel Y. Ganyaglo, Emmanuel K. Appiah-Adjei, Si-Liang Li, Samuel B. Dampare〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉A significant population within the Lower Volta River Basin of Ghana relies solely on untreated groundwater (GW) and surface water (SW) for various purposes. However, negative practices associated with increasing human activities pose threats to particularly GW quality in the basin. Using NO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉 as a proxy, this study mainly focused on the status of GW contamination, origins of NO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉 and potential human health risks through integrated hydrochemistry, correlation analysis, isotopes (〈sup〉15〈/sup〉N, δ〈sup〉18〈/sup〉O), Bayesian and USEPA human health risk models. Slightly acidic to alkaline GW and SW environments were observed. Electrical conductivity (EC) values above 1000 μS/cm were recorded in 45% of the GW with a maximum of 19370 μS/cm. NO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉 in GW ranged from 0.12 to 733 mg/L with average 59.6 mg/L and positively correlated with K〈sup〉+〈/sup〉, Ca〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉, Mg〈sup〉2+,〈/sup〉 Cl〈sup〉−〈/sup〉, Na〈sup〉+〈/sup〉 and EC. In SW, a maximum of 5.3 mg/L of NO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉 was observed. Largely, 75% of the GW exceeded local background NO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉 value of 2.1 mg/L, while 35% were above the WHO recommended value of 50 mg/L. Bivariate and correlation relationships elucidated human contributions to sources of NO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉, Cl〈sup〉−〈/sup〉, SO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉〈sup〉2−〈/sup〉 and K〈sup〉+〈/sup〉 to GW in the basin. From NO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉/Cl〈sup〉−〈/sup〉 ratio, 43% of the GW and 21% of SW were affected by effluents and agrochemicals. Values for δ〈sup〉15〈/sup〉N–NO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉〈sup〉-〈/sup〉 and δ〈sup〉18〈/sup〉O–NO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉〈sup〉-〈/sup〉 ranged from +4.2‰ to +27.5‰ and +4.5‰ to +19.9‰ for GW, and from +3.8‰ to +14.0‰ and +10.7‰ to +25.2‰ for SW. Manure, septic effluents and mineralized fertilizers are sources of NO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉 contamination of water in the basin. The Bayesian model apportioned 80% of GW NO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉 contamination to sewage/manure. Hazard index indicated 70%, 50% and 48% medium to high-risk levels for infants, children and adults respectively, with 79% high-risk of SW NO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉 contamination to infants. Immediate measures for GW and SW quality protection are recommended.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S014765132030066X-fx1.jpg" width="287" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 191〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jiakang Ran, Wen Zheng, Hongbin Wang, Haijuan Wang, Qinchun Li〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉To study the effects of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on cadmium (Cd) accumulation and the physiological responses of the Cd hyperaccumulator 〈em〉Solanum nigrum〈/em〉 and non-hyperaccumulator 〈em〉Solanum melongena〈/em〉, a pot experiment was conducted in soil containing 2 mg kg〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 Cd in which different concentrations of IAA (0, 10, 20, or 40 mg L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉) were sprayed on plant leaves. The results showed that Cd accumulation in shoots of 〈em〉S. nigrum〈/em〉 was significantly increased by 30% after the addition of 10 mg L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 IAA under 2 mg kg〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 Cd stress compared to that in the control, but shoot Cd accumulation showed no significant change in 〈em〉S. melongena〈/em〉 after this IAA treatment. Additionally, the growth and the proline content in the two species were significantly increased by 20 mg L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 IAA. The activities of peroxidase and catalase in leaves of 〈em〉S. nigrum〈/em〉 and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in 〈em〉S. melongena〈/em〉 were significantly increased and their malondialdehyde content was significantly decreased compared to those in the control. The root activity of 〈em〉S. nigrum〈/em〉 was significantly improved after 10 and 20 mg L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 IAA treatments, but no significant difference was observed in 〈em〉S. melongena〈/em〉. The correlation analysis results showed that the Cd concentration in leaves of 〈em〉S. nigrum〈/em〉 was significantly and positively correlated with the carotenoid and proline contents, and there was also a significant positive correlation between the Cd concentration and SOD activity in leaves of 〈em〉S. melongena〈/em〉. Therefore, 〈em〉S. nigrum〈/em〉 is an ideal plant for the phytoextraction of Cd-contaminated soil assisted by IAA. IAA promotes Cd accumulation in plant shoots by enhancing the accumulation of carotenoids and proline in 〈em〉S. nigrum〈/em〉 and maintaining a high leaf SOD activity in 〈em〉S. melongena〈/em〉.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 191〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jingjing Wang, Shuang Zhu, Xiangang Luo, Gang Chen, Zhanya Xu, Xiuwei Liu, Yangchun Li〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 191〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Xin Wen, Jielan Huang, Junchao Cao, Jiangran Xu, Jiandui Mi, Yan Wang, Baohua Ma, Yongde Zou, Xindi Liao, Juan Boo Liang, Yinbao Wu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Microbial remediation has the potential to inexpensively yet effectively decontaminate and restore contaminated environments, but the virulence of pathogens and risk of resistance gene transmission by microorganisms during antibiotic removal often limit its implementation. Here, a cloned 〈em〉tet〈/em〉X gene with clear evolutionary history was expressed to explore doxycycline (DOX) degradation and resistance variation during the degradation process. Phylogenetic analysis of 〈em〉tet〈/em〉X genes showed high similarity with those of pathogenic bacteria, such as 〈em〉Riemerella〈/em〉 sp. and 〈em〉Acinetobacter〈/em〉 sp. Successful 〈em〉tet〈/em〉X expression was performed in 〈em〉Escherichia coli〈/em〉 and confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Our results showed that 95.0 ± 1.0% of the DOX (50 mg/L) was degraded by the recombinant strain (ETD-1 with 〈em〉tet〈/em〉X) within 48 h, which was significantly higher than that for the control (38.9 ± 8.7%) and the empty plasmid bacteria (8.8 ± 5.1%) (〈em〉P〈/em〉 〈 0.05). The 〈em〉tet〈/em〉X gene products in ETD-1 cell extracts also exhibited an efficient DOX degradation ability, with a degradation rate of 80.5 ± 1.2% at 168 h. Furthermore, there was no significant proliferation of the 〈em〉tet〈/em〉X resistance gene during DOX degradation (〈em〉P〈/em〉 〉 0.05). The efficient and safe DOX-degrading capacity of the recombinant strain ETD-1 makes it valuable and promising for antibiotic removal in the environment.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0147651320300531-fx1.jpg" width="469" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 191〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Guohong Liu, Xiliang Yan, Alexander Sedykh, Xiujiao Pan, Xiaoli Zhao, Bing Yan, Hao Zhu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Health risks induced by PM2.5 have become one of the major concerns among living populations, especially in regions facing serious pollution such as China and India. Furthermore, the composition of PM2.5 is complex and it also varies with time and locations. To facilitate our understanding of PM2.5-induced toxicity, a predictive modeling framework was developed in the present study. The core of this study was 1) to construct a virtual carbon nanoparticle library based on the experimental data to simulate the PM2.5 structures; 2) to quantify the nanoparticle structures by novel nanodescriptors; and 3) to perform computational modeling for critical toxicity endpoints. The virtual carbon nanoparticle library was developed to represent the nanostructures of 20 carbon nanoparticles, which were synthesized to simulate PM2.5 structures and tested for potential health risks. Based on the calculated nanodescriptors from virtual carbon nanoparticles, quantitative nanostructure-activity relationship (QNAR) models were developed to predict cytotoxicity and four different inflammatory responses induced by model PM2.5. The high predictability (R〈sup〉2〈/sup〉 〉 0.65 for leave-one-out validations) of the resulted consensus models indicated that this approach could be a universal tool to predict and analyze the potential toxicity of model PM2.5, ultimately understanding and evaluating the ambient PM2.5-induced toxicity.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0147651320300555-fx1.jpg" width="298" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 191〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Muhammad Asif Naeem, Arslan Shabbir, Muhammad Amjad, Ghulam Abbas, Muhammad Imran, Behzad Murtaza, Muhammad Tahir, Amna Ahmad〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Heavy metals contamination of soil especially with cadmium (Cd) is a serious environmental concern in the current industrial era. Biochar serves as an excellent ameliorating agent depending upon its properties and application rates. In the pot scale study, effect of acid treated (AWSB) and untreated wheat straw biochar (WSB) was studied on physiology, grain yield, Cd accumulation, and tolerance of quinoa with possible health risks. Different levels of Cd (0, 25, 50 and 75 mg kg〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉), AWSB and WSB (1% and 2% (w/w)) were applied in soil. Accumulation of Cd in control plant tissues led to oxidative stress which was shown in terms of increased lipid peroxidation. While biochar application relieved the oxidative damage as confirmed by the low production of H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 and TBARS contents. Application of AWSB improved plant growth, pigment contents and gas exchange attributes by limiting the accumulation of Cd in root, shoot and grain of quinoa. Results revealed a significant improvement in the activity of superoxide (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and peroxidase (POD) with biochar at elevated levels of Cd in soil. Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) remained 〈 1 in the quinoa grains with WSB and AWSB under Cd stress. These results revealed that AWSB most effectively alleviated Cd toxicity in quinoa thereby decreasing Cd accumulation and regulation of Cd induced oxidative stress triggered by the antioxidant enzymatic system.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 191〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Hamidreza Sharifan, Janie Moore, Xingmao Ma〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Advances in large hydroponic production of leafy greens, easy adoption in urban agriculture, and large leaf surface area of many leafy greens, greatly increase their exposure to heavy metals and nanoparticles. Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are two highly toxic heavy metals, which threaten the health of humans and livestock even at trace levels. These heavy metals may be taken up by plant roots through the protein transporters used for essential minerals such as iron (Fe〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉) and copper (Cu〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉). Previous studies have shown that some metallic nanoparticles affect the performance of protein transporters and modify the plant uptake of co-existing heavy metal ions. This study aims to understand the role of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) in the uptake pattern of Cd and Pb and two key micronutrients of iron and copper in edible tissues of three leafy green species including spinach (〈em〉Spinaciae oleracea),〈/em〉 parsley (〈em〉Petroselinum sativum)〈/em〉 and cilantro (〈em〉Coriandrum sativum)〈/em〉. Pre-grown plant seedlings in soil (containing Cu and Fe) were transplanted to a hydroponic system (1/4th Hoagland solution) for 7 days as a transition, and then were exposed to four treatments in deionized water (1.0 mg L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 Cd〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉+100.0 mg L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 Pb〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉, 1.0 mg L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 Cd〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉+100.0 mg L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 Pb〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉 + 100 mg L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 ZnONPs, 100 mg L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 ZnO-ENPs and a control with no chemical exposure) for additional two weeks. At termination, shoots were gently separated from the roots, and the concentrations of Pb, Cd, Fe, Zn, and Cu in all plant tissues were quantified by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results revealed that ZnONPs mitigated the uptake of both heavy metals in roots. The translocation of heavy metals was similar in the edible tissues of three species. The response of three leafy greens to the co-exposure of heavy metals and ZnONPs was different in Cu and Fe accumulation in edible tissues. Fe concentration in edible tissues in the co-exposed plants was increased in spinach (+10%) and cilantro (+9%) but decreased in parsley (−8%) compared to controls, while the Cu level in edible tissues increased in all three species following the order of cilantro (+8%)〉 spinach (+4%)〉 parsley (+1.5%).〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0147651320300166-fx1.jpg" width="278" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 191〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Eulalia María Beltrán, María Victoria Pablos, Carlos Fernández Torija, Miguel Ángel Porcel, Miguel González-Doncel〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Water scarcity is a natural condition in the Mediterranean rim countries. In this region, reuse of reclaimed water (RW) from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is becoming a potential source for highly water-demanding activities such as agriculture. However, the removal capacity of contaminants in regular WWTPs has been found to be limited. Considering a Mediterranean scenario, this research investigated the plant uptake and translocation of three representative pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) typically present in RW samples from a WWTP located in an urban area in Spain, and assessed the potential risk to humans from plant consumption. The RW samples were collected and analyzed for three representative PPCPs (atenolol -ATN-, carbamazepine -CBZ- and triclosan -TCS-). The target contaminants were also spiked at two levels in the RW samples to consider two worst-case scenarios. Three plant models (lettuce, maize and radish) were grown outdoors and irrigated with four treatments: tap water; RW samples, and the two spiked RW samples. Generally speaking, results revealed an efficient root uptake for the three PPCPs regardless of plant species and fortification level, and suggested an interaction effect of treatment and plant organ. Different bioaccumulation and translocation potentials of the three PPCPs were seen into the aerial organs of the plants. Overall, these observations support the idea that factors including the physico-chemical properties of the PPCPs and physiological plant variables, could be responsible for the differential accumulation and translocation potentials observed. These variables could be critical for crops irrigated with RW in regions with extended dry seasons, high solar incidence and low annual rainfall such as those in the Mediterranean rim where plants are subjected to high transpiration rates. However, the results obtained from this experimental approach suggested a negligible risk to humans from consumption of edible plants irrigated with RW samples with presence of PPCPs, despite the fact that the three representative PPCPs under study accumulated efficiently in the plants.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0147651320300105-fx1.jpg" width="411" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 191〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Tong-Tong Liu, Dao-You Huang, Qi-Hong Zhu, Jian-Li Zhou, Quan Zhang, Han-Hua Zhu, Chao Xu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Cadmium (Cd) contamination in paddy soils and the related pollution risk of rice grain have received increasing attention. Agronomic measures, such as the application of sulfur and changes in water regimes, were reported to mitigate the accumulation of Cd in rice. However, there is limited information on the combined effects of sulfur application and water regimes. Therefore, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of two sulfur forms, three water regimes and multiple sulfur application rates on Cd accumulation in rice. The sulfur was applied as SO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉〈sup〉2−〈/sup〉 (S〈sup〉VI〈/sup〉, replacing the traditional fertilizers by SO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉〈sup〉2-〈/sup〉-containing fertilizers), and element S (S〈sup〉0〈/sup〉) was applied at 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg S kg〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 soil. The water regimes were continuous flooding (F), flooding-moist alternation (FM), and moist irrigation (M), for a total of 30 treatments. The results indicated that application of S〈sup〉VI〈/sup〉 exceeding 30 mg S kg〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 significantly reduced the Cd concentrations in brown rice by 31.1–56.3%, and the Cd concentrations decreased with increasing amount of irrigation water. Similar reductions in Cd concentrations in rice shoots and rice straw collected at tillering and maturity stages were observed after application of S〈sup〉VI〈/sup〉. However, the effect of S〈sup〉0〈/sup〉 application on Cd accumulation in grain was not significant under different water regimes. Furthermore, this study found that application of both S〈sup〉VI〈/sup〉 and S〈sup〉0〈/sup〉 inhibited the transfer of Cd from rice roots to shoots in most cases. These findings indicate that replacing traditional fertilizers with SO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉〈sup〉2-〈/sup〉-containing fertilizers, especially combined with increased irrigation, could be a potential approach to mitigate Cd accumulation in rice growing in Cd-contaminated acidic paddy soils.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0147651320300397-fx1.jpg" width="251" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 191〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Xiaofei Bo, Jianfei Sun, Qiong Mei, Bo Wei, Zexiu An, Dandan Han, Zhiqiang Li, Ju Xie, Jinhua Zhan, Maoxia He〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Prosulfocarb (PSC) is a thiocarbamate herbicide mainly used in winter cereals and a relevant aerosol precursor under OH radicals (〈img src="https://sdfestaticassets-eu-west-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/16/entities/rad"〉OH) photooxidation conditions. We investigated the environmental risks, mechanisms, kinetics and products for the PSC with〈img src="https://sdfestaticassets-eu-west-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/16/entities/rad"〉OH by employing theoretical chemical calculations. Two reaction types of H-abstraction and〈img src="https://sdfestaticassets-eu-west-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/16/entities/rad"〉OH-addition reactions were taken into account. Whether in the atmosphere or aqueous particles, the most favorable pathway was the H-abstraction in the N-alkyl groups close to nitrogen atom. Subsequent reactions of primary intermediates were considered at different conditions. The total rate constants were determined as 2.62 × 10-10 cm〈sup〉3〈/sup〉 molecule-1 s-1 and 4.96 × 10–11 cm〈sup〉3〈/sup〉 molecule-1 s-1 at 298 K in atmosphere and aqueous particles, respectively. In natural water with the〈img src="https://sdfestaticassets-eu-west-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/16/entities/rad"〉OH concentration of 10–15-10-18 mol l-1, the half-lives (t1/2) of PSC in the〈img src="https://sdfestaticassets-eu-west-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/16/entities/rad"〉OH-initiated reactions were calculated as 〈em〉t〈/em〉〈sub〉1/2〈/sub〉 = 2.40 × 10〈sup〉4〈/sup〉–2.40 × 10〈sup〉7〈/sup〉 s. With regard to the influence on human health and the ecosystem, oxidized products of PSC were estimated to be mutagenicity negative and had no obvious bioaccumulation potential. The aquatic toxicity of PSC and its degradation products was evaluated and the assessment results showed that the degradation of PSC was a toxicity-reduced process but they were still at toxic and harmful levels.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0147651320300142-fx1.jpg" width="328" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 191〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Neha Sharma, Pervinder Kaur, Deepali Jain, Makhan Singh Bhullar〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Dissipation of bispyribac-sodium was estimated in an unamended sandy loam soil and soil amended with rice straw and its biochars in pot culture experiment. Effect of herbicide and amendments on abundance and activity of soil microbial parameters was also assessed by determining soil biological parameters. Amendment type, application rate and soil moisture had differential influence on bispyribac-sodium dissipation and soil's microbial parameters. Amendment of soil with rice straw and its biochars enhanced the dissipation of bispyribac-sodium (DT〈sub〉50〈/sub〉 = 7.55–18.44 days) as compared to unamended soil (DT〈sub〉50〈/sub〉 = 23.13–28.60 days) and dissipation decreased in this order: rice straw 〉350BC 〉 550BC 〉 CBC amended soil 〉 unamended soil. Dissipation of bispyribac-sodium decreased with increase in amendment level of rice straw and its biochars in soil. Irrespective of amendment type and application rate, bispyribac sodium was more persistent under submerged conditions than at field capacity and its DT〈sub〉50〈/sub〉 was 10.13 to 28.60 and 7.55–27.14 days, respectively. Dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase activity and bacterial population indicated that application of the organic amendment decreased negative effects of the herbicide on soil enzymatic activities. These findings prove that biostimulation using rice straw and its biochars has the potential to decrease the persistence of bispyribac-sodium and minimize its environmental hazards.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0147651320300439-fx1.jpg" width="270" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 191〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Nisha Sharma, Giuseppe Barion, Inisa Shrestha, Leonard Barnabas Ebinezer, Anna Rita Trentin, Teofilo Vamerali, Giustino Mezzalira, Antonio Masi, Rossella Ghisi〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The potential of young rooted cuttings of three 〈em〉Salix〈/em〉 L. species plants to accumulate a mixture of eleven perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), in particular, perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), from the nutrient solution and their effects on plant growth and photosynthesis were assessed in an 8-day experiment. The growth rate of the willow plants exposed to the PFAA mixture was not much affected except for 〈em〉S. triandra〈/em〉. Regarding photosynthesis, the gas exchange parameters were affected more than those related to chlorophyll fluorescence, with significant increase of the net CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 assimilation rate and parameters related to stomatal conductance. A decreasing trend in the PFAA concentration in leaves with increasing carbon chain length was observed, whereas long-chain PFAAs showed higher concentrations in roots. Accordingly, the foliage to root concentration factor highlighted that PFAAs with shorter carbon chain length (C ≤ 7) translocated and accumulated relatively more in leaves compared to roots. Removal efficiency of individual PFAAs for leaves and roots were comparatively higher with 〈em〉S. eleagnos〈/em〉 and 〈em〉S. purpurea〈/em〉 than 〈em〉S. triandra〈/em〉, with mean removal values at the whole plant level ranging around 10% of the amount initially spiked, suggesting their potential for phytoremediation of PFASs.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0147651319314812-fx1.jpg" width="249" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 191〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Cuiping Wang, Lipeng Hao, Cong Liu, Renjie Chen, Weidong Wang, Yichen Chen, Yining Yang, Xia Meng, Qingyan Fu, Zhekang Ying, Haidong Kan〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Limited evidence is available for the associations between fine particulate matter (PM〈sub〉2.5〈/sub〉) constituents and daily cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in China. In present study, a time-series analysis was conducted to evaluate the associations of PM〈sub〉2.5〈/sub〉 constituents (two carbonaceous fractions, eight water-soluble inorganic ions and fifteen elements) with daily CVD mortality in Pudong New Area of Shanghai, China, from 2014 to 2016. Results showed that the effect estimates for the associations of PM〈sub〉2.5〈/sub〉 and its constituents with CVD mortality were generally strongest when using the exposures of the previous two day concentrations. The associations of organic carbon, sulfate, ammonia, potassium, copper, arsenic, and lead with daily CVD mortality were robust to the adjustment of PM〈sub〉2.5〈/sub〉 total mass, their collinearity with PM〈sub〉2.5〈/sub〉 total mass, and criteria gaseous air pollutants. An interquartile range increase in the previous two day concentrations of PM〈sub〉2.5〈/sub〉, organic carbon, sulfate, ammonia, potassium, copper, arsenic, and lead were associated with significant increments of 2.21% (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 0.54%, 3.88%), 2.83% (95% CIs: 1.16%, 4.50%), 1.90% (95% CIs: 0.35%, 3.45%), 2.29% (95% CIs: 0.80%, 3.77%), 0.94% (95% CIs: 0.13%, 1.75%), 1.53% (95% CIs: 0.37%, 2.69%), 2.08% (95% CIs: 0.49%, 3.68%) and 1.98% (95% CIs: 0.49%, 3.47%) in daily CVD mortality, respectively, in single-pollutant models. In conclusion, this study suggested that organic carbon, sulfate, ammonia, potassium, copper, arsenic, and lead might be mainly responsible for the associations between short-term PM〈sub〉2.5〈/sub〉 exposures and increased CVD mortality in Shanghai, China.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S014765131931485X-fx1.jpg" width="500" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 191〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Zhongchuang Liu, Li-ao Wang, Hongyan Xiao, Xiaowei Guo, Oksana Urbanovich, Liubov Nagorskaya, Xiang Li〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The treatment of plants with heavy metals, whether they grow naturally in heavy metal contaminated soil or are used for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil has attracted increasing attention. Pyrolysis is often used for the disposal of plants with heavy metals because it stabilizes heavy metals effectively and produces biochar. The resulting products of pyrolysis are in the form of solid components (char and ash), liquid components (bio-oil and tar), together with gas components (condensable and non-condensable vapor gas). The metal amount in the char or liquid and gaseous phases can be maximized or minimized via treating a plant feedstock containing heavy metals under different conditions. In addition, the potential risk of biochar produced from plants after pyrolysis becomes a research hotspot in the field of pyrolysis technology of plants containing heavy metals. Herein, we review current literatures that emphasize the influencing factors on the metal content in the biochar, liquid and gaseous phases, as well as the potential risk of biochar.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0147651320300208-fx1.jpg" width="297" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 191〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Natalia A. Gashkina, Tatyana I. Moiseenko, Lubov P. Kudryavtseva〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The present study analysed the response of whitefish (〈em〉Coregonus lavaretus〈/em〉 L.) to reduced toxicity after the long-term contamination of subarctic Lake Imandra. High concentrations of Ni, Al, and Sr in fish organs and tissues were accompanied by nephrocalcinosis, scoliosis, and myopathy during the period of intense contamination. After reduction of the toxic impact on the lake, the accumulation of Cu, Al, Sr, Cr, Pb, and Hg in the kidney, which is the target organ for toxicity, was two-fold less and that of Cd was 10-fold less in whitefish from the contaminated part of the lake compared with those in whitefish from the non-contaminated parts of the lake. The ecological success of whitefish from the contaminated part of the lake was associated with the limited accumulation of metals in organs and tissues and a more favourable physiological state compared with whitefish from non-contaminated parts of the lake. Redistribution models were constructed for essential and non-essential metals in the fish liver and kidney depending on the physiological state of fish. The results revealed changes in Fe and Zn metabolism: an increase in Fe and a decrease in Zn accumulation in the liver with increasing stage of liver disease and decreasing blood haemoglobin concentration. Furthermore, under the sub-toxic (except for Cu) conditions of Lake Imandra, the strategy of adaptive fish response is to preserve and maintain acid–base regulation system.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 191〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Palas Samanta, Sandipan Pal, Aloke Kumar Mukherjee, Apurba Ratan Ghosh〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Heavy metals and herbicide are gaining serious environmental concern in aquatic toxicology due to its adverse effects on aquatic organisms especially amphibians. Accordingly, present study first time evaluated the acute toxicity of two heavy metals [arsenic (As〈sup〉3+〈/sup〉) and chromium (Cr〈sup〉6+〈/sup〉)] and a herbicide (Almix) to Indian skittering frog tadpole, 〈em〉Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis〈/em〉. The LC〈sub〉50〈/sub〉 values of As, Cr and Almix for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h were 73.58, 56.31, 43.58 and 32.58 mg L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉; 326.68, 224.31, 171.92 and 141.99 mg L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉; and 1297.85, 1148.22, 1033.62 and 955.17 mg L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉, respectively. It also revealed the concentration- and time-dependent increased mortality rate under these toxicants. The safety concentrations (SC) of As, Cr and Almix to tadpoles were 3.26, 14.20 and 95.52 mg L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉, respectively. The findings disclosed that As is highly toxic to 〈em〉E. cyanophlyctis〈/em〉 than Cr and Almix. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity showed varied responses to exposed chemicals. In particularly, ALP activity reduced significantly for Cr treatment. Glutathione 〈em〉S〈/em〉-transferase (GST) activity in 〈em〉E. cyanophlyctis〈/em〉 was significantly inhibited by As treatment (〈em〉p〈/em〉 〈 0.05); however, GST activity was remain unchanged for Cr and Almix (〈em〉p〈/em〉 〉 0.05). The As toxicity correlates positively with GST inhibition (r = 0.779, 〈em〉p〈/em〉 〈 0.01); contrarily, Cr and Almix revealed negative correlation with GST induction (r = −0.461 and −0.19, respectively; 〈em〉p〈/em〉 〉 0.05). This result indicated that GST play a crucial role for regulating the tadpole mortality and intoxication by As, Cr and Almix. Overall, our findings demonstrate the different levels of toxic sensitivity (adverse effects) under different toxicants on 〈em〉E. cyanophlyctis〈/em〉 tadpoles. Finally, the present findings could be used as baseline information of toxicosis for metalloid, heavy metal and herbicide exposures in wild frog populations.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 191〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Qiao Han, Mingshi Wang, Jingli Cao, Chenlu Gui, Yanping Liu, Xiangdong He, Yuchuan He, Yang Liu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Urban parks and schools sever as the mainly activity areas for children, but risk assessment posed by heavy metals (HMs) from soil and dust in these area has rarely been investigated. In this study, six urban parks and seven schools in Jiaozuo, China, were taken as research objects to understand the contamination level and bioaccessibility of HMs from soil and dust in urban parks and schools. The results indicated that Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, As, Ni and Co from soil and dust were above the background values, especially Zn and Cd in dust, and As and Cd in soil. Serious Cd pollution was discovered, and respective Cd concentrations in soil and dust were 17.83 and 7.52 times the background value. Additionally, the average concentration and bioaccessibility of Zn, Mn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni and Co in dust were both higher than in soil. High concentration and high bioaccessibility of HMs in dust suggested that HMs contamination were serious and universal in Jiaozuo. The concentrations of most HMs were higher in the gastric phase, except for Cu and Cd which remained higher in the intestinal phase. Both in the gastric phase and intestinal phase, Mn, As and Cd in soil and dust both have high bioaccessibility which all exceed 10%. The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks base on the total HMs for children (soil: 7.93, 1.96E-05; dust: 6.44, 3.58E-05) were greater than those for adults (soil: 6.35E-01, 1.32E-05; dust: 5.06E-01, 2.42E-05), and urban parks and schools posed high potential risk for children. Therefore, assessment the risk posed by HMs contamination of soil and dust in urban parks and schools is vital and urgent for children.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0147651319314885-fx1.jpg" width="477" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 191〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yurui Fan, Chunli Zheng, Hongxia Liu, Chi He, Zhenxing Shen, Tian C. Zhang〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) are listed as the priority pollutants by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the European Union (EU) due to their toxicity and potential carcinogenicity. It is necessary to investigate their adsorption over soil as such a behavior affects their mobility and bioavailability. In this study, the effect of pH on the adsorption of As(V) and Sb(V) by the black soil was investigated with three systems: the Single system, Binary system, and Sequence system. The operating pH was set at 4.0, 7.0 and 10.0. Based on the Langmuir isothermal and the pseudo-second-order kinetic models, the adsorption for As(V) was always better than Sb(V) in the whole pH range; the best adsorption performance for the two sorbates was achieved at pH of 4.0, followed by 7.0 and 10.0 in the three systems. The reasons could be that the atomic radius of arsenic is smaller than that of antimony, and the positively charged functional groups carried by the inorganic colloids in the soil contributed to binding with the negatively charged As(V)/Sb(V). A lower pH promoted the inorganic colloids to carry more positive charges. Compared to Single system, the maximum adsorption capacity (〈em〉q〈/em〉〈sub〉m〈/sub〉) and the initial adsorption rates (k〈sub〉2〈/sub〉〈em〉q〈/em〉〈sub〉e,cal〈/sub〉〈sup〉2〈/sup〉) of As(V) and Sb(V) in Binary system decreased obviously, suggesting competitive adsorption occurred when As(V) and Sb(V) coexisted. The findings of this workimprove the understanding of As(V)/Sb(V) adsorption behavior in soil under different situations and would facilitate a comprehensive evaluation on the risk assessment of arsenic and antimony.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0147651319314769-fx1.jpg" width="495" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 191〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yue Su, Weijun Wang, Jiye Hu, Xiaolu Liu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The dissipation and residues of tembotrione in corn field application were investigated using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. The average recoveries of tembotrione in maize, corncob, and straw were in the ranges of 98–107% with relative standard deviations (RSDs ≤9.3%), respectively. The recoveries of M5 was in the ranges of 90–108% in all three matrices of maize, with RSDs were 3.3–12.8%. The LODs for tembotrione and M5 in maize were 0.85 μg/L and 1.0 μg/L, 0.84 μg/L and 0.43 μg/L in corncob, 0.94 μg/L and 1.5 μg/L in straw, respectively. The LOQs of the method in maize grain, corncob and straw were 0.01, 0.01 and 0.05 mg/kg for both analytes, respectively. The dissipation of tembotrione in straw was in compliance with the first-order dynamic equation, with half-lives of 1.18–1.23 days at Beijing and Heilongjiang. Total residue of tembotrione in maize grain and corncob matrix were both below 0.02 mg/kg, lower than the max residue limit (MRL) recommended by european food safety authority (EFSA). Risk quotients (RQs) of this pesticide was assessed via comparing national estimated daily intake with acceptable daily intake. The dietary intake risk of tembotrione residue in maize was very low for all groups of Chinese residents. These data could provide scientific data and strategies and facilitate Chinese government to establish the MRLs of tembotrione.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0147651320300269-fx1.jpg" width="236" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 191〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Analía Vazquez, Laura Recalde, Andrea Cabrera, María Daniela Groppa, María Patricia Benavides〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The purpose of the present work was to study the effect of the nitrogen source (NO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉〈sup〉-〈/sup〉 vs NH〈sub〉4〈/sub〉〈sup〉+〈/sup〉) on cadmium (Cd) uptake, translocation and partition and its associated toxicity in hydroponically-grown Arabidopsis plants. After a short growth period on a complete Hoagland nutrient solution, Arabidopsis seedlings continued in the same growth medium (NA) or were switched to NO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉〈sup〉–〈/sup〉 (N) or NH〈sub〉4〈/sub〉〈sup〉+〈/sup〉 (A) as sole N sources and supplied with 2.5 μM Cd. Unrelated to the nitrogen source, Cd reached higher levels in roots than in leaves. However, when ammonium was the source of nitrogen, Cd accumulation in roots was lower than in N or NA medium and the metal translocation to the aerial part was restricted, reaching values 25%–35% below the levels observed in plants grown with N or NA. Cadmium negatively affected chlorophyll content and PSII quantum yield, independently of the nitrogen source, with the highest decrease (35%) under NA treatment. Proline content increased, either with NA, N or A supplied in the presence of Cd, whereas a rise in total anthocyanin content was clearly favored when ammonium was the source of nitrogen, with or without Cd. In leaves, while 〈em〉NIA1〈/em〉 and 〈em〉NIA2〈/em〉 expression was markedly reduced by Cd in the presence of N or NA, ammonium source slightly reduced 〈em〉NIA1〈/em〉 expression but greatly upregulated 〈em〉NIA2〈/em〉 expression upon Cd exposure. The decay in NR activity was independent of the nitrogen source when Cd was applied and this decay was accompanied by a great increase in NH〈sub〉4〈/sub〉〈sup〉+〈/sup〉 levels either with nitrates or ammonium in the medium in the presence of Cd. Only 〈em〉NIA1〈/em〉 was detected in roots and its expression, together with NR activity and nitrates levels, was the highest in N medium devoid of Cd. The possibility of reducing Cd health risks through nitrogen fertilization practices is discussed.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 191〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yujing Zhang, Yuanyuan Xiao, Yu Ma, Ningjuan Liang, Yuehui Liang, Chan Lu, Fang Xiao〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Although much has been determined about the molecular mechanisms of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)]-induced hepatotoxicity, more remains to be explored. In particular, explicit epigenetic alterations of microRNAs (miRNAs) which can negatively regulate mRNAs at post transcriptional level remain understudied. In the present study, cell apoptosis was determined using Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining, while proliferative growth was analyzed by colony formation assay and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) detection. miRNA microarray was performed to compare the global miRNAs expression patterns. miR-21-5p mimics (mi)/inhibitor (in), and PDCD4-siRNAs were transfected into L02 hepatocytes. Our results revealed that Cr(VI) induced apoptosis and inhibited proliferation in L02 hepatocytes via reactive oxygen species (ROS), the formation of which is closely related to mitochondrial damage, especially the inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex (MRCC). We also confirmed that ROS-mediated miR-21-5p inhibition participated in cell apoptosis and proliferative inhibition induced by Cr(VI). Furthermore, programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4), the up-regulation of which was related to ROS over-production, was predicted and verified as a target of miR-21-5p. Transcription factor PDCD4 silencing suppressed apoptosis and stimulated cell proliferation. In conclusion, from the perspective of epigenetics, the present study revealed that ROS-mediated miR-21-5p regulated the proliferation and apoptosis of Cr(VI)-exposed L02 hepatocytes via targeting PDCD4, which provided the new targets for molecular intervention and treatment of liver damage in Cr(VI)-exposed population.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 191〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jinglou Chen, Jianhua Liu, Yongfang Lei, Min Liu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The environmental pollution caused by cigarette smoke (CS) seriously endangers people's health. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant catechin in green tea. In this study, rats were exposed to CS for 90 days. Kidney function was evaluated by detecting the levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. Liver function was evaluated by detecting the activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase. The renal and hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation were assessed by detecting the levels of malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) and proinflammatory cytokines. Organ fibrosis was evaluated by observing collagen deposition 〈em〉via〈/em〉 masson staining, by examining the hydroxyproline level, by measuring the mRNA levels of fibrosis-associated genes collagen (Col)-1A1 and Col-3A1, as well as by assessing the activity of profibrotic TGF-β1 pathway. Additionally, renal and hepatic epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were evaluated. It was observed that EGCG ameliorated the renal and hepatic oxidative stress, inflammation, EMT, as well as inhibited the activation of TGF-β1 signaling pathway induced by CS. These results showed that EGCG could attenuate CS-induced renal and hepatic fibrosis.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0147651320300415-fx1.jpg" width="384" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 191〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Giulia dos Santos Pedroso-Fidelis, Hémelin Resende Farias, Gustavo Antunes Mastella, Liana Appel Boufleur-Niekraszewicz, Johnny Ferraz Dias, Marcio Correa Alves, Paulo Cesar Lock Silveira, Renata Tiscoski Nesi, Fernando Carvalho, Jairo José Zocche, Ricardo Aurino Pinho〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This study aimed to verify possible alterations involving histological and oxidative stress parameters in the lungs of wild bats in the Carboniferous Basin of Santa Catarina (CBSC) state, Southern Brazil, as a means to evaluate the impact of coal dust on the health of wildlife. Specimens of frugivorous bat species 〈em〉Artibeus lituratus〈/em〉 and 〈em〉Sturnira lilium〈/em〉 were collected from an area free of coal dust contamination and from coal mining areas. Chemical composition, histological parameters, synthesis of oxidants and antioxidant enzymes, and oxidative damage in the lungs of bats were analyzed. Levels of Na, Cl, Cu, and Br were higher in both species collected in the CBSC than in the controls. Levels of K and Rb were higher in 〈em〉A. lituratus〈/em〉, and levels of Si, Ca, and Fe were higher in 〈em〉S. lilium〈/em〉 collected in the carboniferous basin. Both bat species inhabiting the CBSC areas exhibited an increase in the degree of pulmonary emphysema compared to their counterparts collected from control areas. 〈em〉Sturnira lilium〈/em〉 showed increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein (DCF) levels, while 〈em〉A. lituratus〈/em〉 showed a significant decrease in nitrite levels in the CBSC samples. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity did not change significantly; however, the activity of catalase (CAT) and levels of glutathione (GSH) decreased in the 〈em〉A. lituratus〈/em〉 group from CBSC compared to those in the controls. There were no differences in NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 protein (NQO1) abundance or nitrotyrosine expression among the different groups of bats. Total thiol levels showed a significant reduction in 〈em〉A. lituratus〈/em〉 from CBSC, while the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) was higher in both 〈em〉A. lituratus〈/em〉 and 〈em〉S. lilium〈/em〉 groups from coal mining areas. Our results suggested that bats, especially 〈em〉A. lituratus〈/em〉, living in the CBSC could be used as sentinel species for harmful effects of coal dust on the lungs.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0147651320300506-fx1.jpg" width="500" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 191〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ming Sun, Rahmat Quaigrane Duker, Frits Gillissen, Paul J. Van den Brink, Andreas Focks, Andreu Rico〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The majority of pharmaceuticals and personal health-care products are ionisable molecules at environmentally relevant pHs. The ionization state of these molecules in freshwater ecosystems may influence their toxicity potential to aquatic organisms. In this study we evaluated to what extent varying pH conditions may influence the toxicity of the antibiotic enrofloxacin (ENR) and the personal care product ingredient triclosan (TCS) to three freshwater invertebrates: the ephemeropteran 〈em〉Cloeon dipterum,〈/em〉 the amphipod 〈em〉Gammarus pulex〈/em〉 and the snail 〈em〉Physella acuta.〈/em〉 Acute toxicity tests were performed by adjusting the water pH to four nominal levels: 6.5, 7.0, 7.5 and 8.0. Furthermore, we tested the efficiency of three toxicity models with different assumptions regarding the uptake and toxicity potential of ionisable chemicals with the experimental data produced in this study. The results of the toxicity tests indicate that pH fluctuations of only 1.5 units can influence EC50-48 h and EC50-96 h values by a factor of 1.4–2.7. Overall, the model that only focuses on the fraction of neutral chemical and the model that takes into account ion-trapping of the test molecules showed the best performance, although present limitations to perform risk assessments across a wide pH range (i.e., well above or below the substance pKa). Under such conditions, the model that takes into account the toxicity of the neutral and the ionized chemical form is preferred. The results of this study show that pH fluctuations can have a considerable influence on toxicity thresholds, and should therefore be taken into account for the risk assessment of ionisable pharmaceuticals and personal health-care products. Based on our results, an assessment factor of at least three should be used to account for toxicity differences between standard laboratory and field pH conditions. The models evaluated here can be used to perform refined risk assessments by taking into account the influence of temporal and spatial pH fluctuations on aquatic toxicity.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 191〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Xinli Xing, Zhanle Chen, Qian Tian, Yao Mao, Weijie Liu, Mingming Shi, Cheng Cheng, Tianpeng Hu, Gehao Zhu, Ying Li, Huang Zheng, Jiaquan Zhang, Shaofei Kong, Shihua Qi〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract:〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Characterization and source identification of PM〈sub〉2.5〈/sub〉–bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are conducted in urban Wuhan (WH), suburban Pingdingshan (PDS), and rural Suizhou (SZ) in China during summer harvest. This study analyzes 16 priority PAHs with 38 PM.〈sub〉2.5〈/sub〉 samples in June. PAHs had similar physical-chemical properties like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), which had been listed as Priority Pollutants. The concentration and detection frequency of OCPs and PCBs were considerably lower than those of PAHs in PM〈sub〉2.5〈/sub〉. Results indicate that PDS adjoining the highway has the highest PM〈sub〉2.5〈/sub〉–bound PAHs. SZ possesses the lowest concentration of PAHs. Principal component analysis and multivariate linear regression model and molecular diagnostic ratio distinguish the sources. Vehicle emissions and coal combustion are extracted in three sites, while the source of PDS also includes gas combustion. SZ was affected by gas combustion and petroleum. The potential source contribution function and the concentration-weighted trajectory track the potential pollution area. The sampling places might be affected by the local sources and short distance transmission cannot be neglected. The incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCRs) model evaluates the exposure risk of PAHs. According to the ILCR model, WH and PDS are exposed to harmful PAHs. By contrast, SZ is a substantially safe place.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 191〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jiping Li, Zhongfang Min, Wei Li, Lijie Xu, Jiangang Han, Pingping Li〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Roxithromycin (ROX) has received increasing concern due to its large usage, ubiquitous detection in environment and high ecotoxicology risk. This study investigated the acute and chronic effects of ROX on the growth, chlorophyll, antioxidant enzymes, and malonaldehyde (MDA) content of 〈em〉Chlorella pyrenoidosa〈/em〉, as well as the removal mechanism of ROX during microalgae cultivation. The calculated 96 h median effective concentration of ROX on yield (E〈sub〉y〈/sub〉C〈sub〉50〈/sub〉) and specific growth rate (E〈sub〉r〈/sub〉C〈sub〉50〈/sub〉) of 〈em〉C. pyrenoidosa〈/em〉 was 0.81 and 2.87 mg/L, respectively. After 96 h exposure, 1.0 ~ 2.0 mg/L of ROX significantly inhibited the synthesis of chlorophyll and promoted the activities of SOD and CAT (〈em〉p〈/em〉 〈 0.05). The MDA content increased with the ROX concentration increasing from 0.5 ~ 1.0 mg/L, and then decreased to 105.76% of the control exposure to 2.0 mg/L ROX, demonstrating the oxidative damage could be moderated by the upregulation of SOD and CAT activities. During the 21 d chronic exposure, low concentration of ROX (0.1 and 0.25 mg/L) showed no significant effect on the growth and chlorophyll content of algae during the first 14 d, but significantly inhibited the growth of algae and the synthesis of chlorophyll at 21 d (〈em〉p〈/em〉 〈 0.05 or 〈em〉p〈/em〉 〈 0.01). 1.0 mg/L ROX significantly inhibited the growth of microalgae during 3 ~ 21 d and the synthesis of chlorophyll at 7 ~ 21 d. High concentration and long-term exposure of low concentration of ROX caused the SOD and CAT activities and MDA content to increase, demonstrating a higher level of oxidative damage of microalgae. During the first 14 d, abiotic removal of ROX played a more important role, contributing about 12.21% ~ 21.37% of ROX removal. After 14 d, the biodegradation of ROX by 〈em〉C. pyrenoidosa〈/em〉 gradually became a more important removal mechanism, contributing about 45.99% ~ 53.30% of ROX removal at 21 d. Bio-adsorption and bioaccumulation both played minor roles in the removal of ROX during algae cultivation.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 191〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Misganaw Wassie, Weihong Zhang, Qiang Zhang, Kang Ji, Liwen Cao, Liang Chen〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Heat stress is found to be a detrimental factor for growth and development of alfalfa (〈em〉Medicago sativa〈/em〉 L.) which is tremendously invaluable forage due to its high feed value and yield potential. Salicylic acid (SA) has been reported to play a pivotal role in the regulation of plants biotic and abiotic stress response. However, the role of exogenous SA in protecting alfalfa from heat-induced damage has rarely been studied. In this study, four-week-old alfalfa seedlings were treated with 0.25 mM or 0.5 mM SA five days prior to high stress treatment (three day), and various growth and physiological traits were measured. The results showed that exogenous SA pretreatment could improve leaf morphology, plant height, biomass, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic efficiency of alfalfa under heat stress. Meanwhile, SA could alleviate heat-induced membrane damage by reducing electrolyte leakage (EL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and regulate the activities of antioxidant enzymes including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD). The results revealed that exogenous SA application enhanced alfalfa heat tolerance by modulating various morphological and physiological characteristics under heat stress, with more prominent effect at lower concentration (0.25 mM). Overall, this study provides fundamental insights into the SA-mediated physiological adaptation of alfalfa plants to heat stress, which could have useful implication in managing other plants which are suffering global warming.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 191〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ziquan Wang, Haixia Tian, Mei Lei, Mallavarapu Megharaj, Xiangping Tan, Fang Wang, Hanzhong Jia, Wenxiang He〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Information on the kinetic characteristics of soil enzymes under long-term arsenic (As) pollution in field soils is scarce. We investigated Michaelis-Menten kinetic properties of four soil enzymes including β-glucosidase (BG), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and dehydrogenase (DHA) in field soils contaminated by As resulting from long-term realgar mining activity. The kinetic parameters, namely the maximum reaction velocity (〈em〉V〈/em〉〈sub〉max〈/sub〉), enzyme-substrate affinity (〈em〉K〈/em〉〈sub〉m〈/sub〉) and catalytic efficiency (〈em〉V〈/em〉〈sub〉max〈/sub〉/〈em〉K〈/em〉〈sub〉m〈/sub〉) were calculated. Results revealed that the enzyme kinetic characteristics varied in soils and were significantly influenced by total nitrogen (N) and total As, which explained 31.8% and 30.7% of the variance in enzyme kinetics respectively. Enzyme pools (〈em〉V〈/em〉〈sub〉max〈/sub〉) and catalytic efficiency (〈em〉V〈/em〉〈sub〉max〈/sub〉/〈em〉K〈/em〉〈sub〉m〈/sub〉) of BG, ACP and DHA decreased with elevated As pollution, while the enzyme affinity for substrate (〈em〉K〈/em〉〈sub〉m〈/sub〉) was less affected. Redundancy analysis and stepwise regression suggested that the adverse influence of As on enzyme kinetics may offset or weakened by soil total N and soil organic matter (SOM). Concentration-response fitting revealed that the specific kinetic parameters expressed as the absolute enzyme kinetic parameters multiplied by normalized soil total N and SOM were more relevant than the absolute ones to soil total As. The arsenic ecological dose values that cause 10% decrease (ED〈sub〉10〈/sub〉) in the specific enzyme kinetics were 20–49 mg kg〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉, with a mean value of 35 mg kg〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉, indicating a practical range of threshold for As contamination at field level. This study concluded that soil enzymes exhibited functional adaptation to long-term As stress mainly through the reduction of enzyme pools (Vmax) or maintenance of enzyme-substrate affinity (〈em〉K〈/em〉〈sub〉m〈/sub〉). Further, this study demonstrates that the specific enzyme kinetics are the better indicators of As ecotoxicity at field-scale compared with the absolute enzyme parameters.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 191〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Hongxia Du, Tao Sun, Dingyong Wang, Ma Ming〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Soils in the water-level-fluctuating zone (WLFZ) of Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) inundated by water for different periods of time are confirmed to have disparate characteristics to mercury (Hg), and thus it is of great significance to further investigate microbial compositions and influencing factors. The objective of this study was to compare bacterial and archaeal richness, α-diversities and compositions, as well as affecting variables, especially Hg concentrations, among soils under different submergence time—SI (inundated soil), SS (semi-inundated soil), SN(non-inundated soil) and SSe (sediment)—based on high throughput sequencing. Results showed that sediment had significantly higher bacterial and archaeal richness and α-diversities than the other soil types. 〈em〉Anaerolinea〈/em〉 and 〈em〉Aeromonas〈/em〉, as well as 〈em〉Altiarchaeales〈/em〉, 〈em〉Nitrosoarchaeum〈/em〉, and 〈em〉Methanosarta〈/em〉 were dominant in SSe, while sharply decreasing in the other soil types, with significant difference among groups. An unclassified genus in SCG critically predominating in SI, SS and SN, drastically reduced in SSe, with extremely significant difference among groups. 〈em〉Bathyarchaeota〈/em〉 and 〈em〉Nitrososphaera〈/em〉, both dominating in SSe, decreased dramatically and almost vanished in SI and SN. All the variables except pH posed a significant positive effect on bacterial and archaeal compositions in SSe, while opposite effect in the other three soil types. MeHg and THg concentrations had relatively weaker effects on microbial compositions comparing to variables like NH〈sub〉4〈/sub〉〈sup〉+〈/sup〉, CEC, OM and SO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 191〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): K. Rybczyńska-Tkaczyk, T. Korniłłowicz-Kowalska, K.A. Szychowski, J. Gmiński〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The aim of this study was to evaluate of possibility of biotransformation and toxicity effect of monoanthraquinone dyes in cultures of 〈em〉Bjerkandera adusta〈/em〉 CCBAS 930. Phenolic compounds, free radicals, phytotoxicity (〈em〉Lepidium sativum〈/em〉 L〈em〉.〈/em〉), ecotoxicity (〈em〉Vibrio fischeri〈/em〉) and cytotoxicity effect were evaluated to determine the toxicity of anthraquinone dyes before and after the treatment with 〈em〉B. adusta〈/em〉 CCBAS 930. More than 80% of ABBB and AB129 was removed by biodegradation (decolorization) and biosorption, but biodegradation using oxidoreductases was the main dye removing mechanism. Secondary products toxic to plants and bacteria were formed in 〈em〉B. adusta〈/em〉 strain CCBAS 930 cultures, despite efficient decolorization. ABBB and AB129 metabolites increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human fibroblasts, but did not increase LDH release, did not affect the resazurine reduction assay and did not change caspase-9 or caspase-3 activity.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0147651320300427-fx1.jpg" width="261" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 191〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Qinxuan Hou, Dongya Han, Ying Zhang, Mei Han, Guanxing Huang, Liquan Xiao〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Arsenic (As)-contaminated soils occur widely worldwide. In the present study, three low-cost Fe/Al-based materials, including red soil (RS), sponge iron filter (SIF) and Al-based water treatment sludge (WTS), were applied as amendments to remediate As-contaminated soils under anoxic conditions. After 180 d of incubation, the proportion of the sum of nonspecifically absorbed As (F1) and specifically absorbed As (F2) to the total As was reduced by 6%, 52% and 13% with 5% of RS, SIF and WTS addition, respectively, compared to the control soil (31%). The results showed that among the three amendments, SIF was the most effective at decreasing As bioaccessibility in soils. Compared with RS and WTS, SIF intensified the decrease of labile fractions and the increase of unlabile fractions, and the redistribution of the amorphous oxide-bound fraction (F3) and crystalline hydrous oxide-bound fraction (F4) occurred in the SIF-amended soil. Moreover, the As stabilization processes were divided into two stages in the control and RS-amended soil, while the processes were divided into three stages in both SIF- and WTS-treated soil. The As stabilization processes in all treated soils were characterized by the transformation of labile fractions into more immobilizable fractions, except for F4 transforming into F3 in the first stage in SIF-amended soil. Correspondingly, inner-surface complexation and occlusion within Fe/Al hydroxides were the common driving mechanisms for the transformation of As fractions. Therefore, taking into consideration the results of this study, SIF could be a more promising alternative than the other two materials to passivate As in anoxic soils.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 191〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jia Jia, Mengqian Cheng, Xue Xue, Yongjing Guan, Zaizhao Wang〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The gut of aquatic animals was a significant niche for dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and direct response of living conditions. In this study, the gut microbiota of goldfish 〈em〉Carassius auratus〈/em〉 Linnaeus was sampled at 7 days and 21 days after treatment with tetracycline at 0.285 and 2.85 μg L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 to investigate the influences on the microbial structure and antibiotic resistance. The proportion of tetracycline resistance bacteria was 1.02% in the control group, while increased to 23.00%, 38.43%, 62.05% in groups of high concentration for 7 days (H7), low concentration for 21 days (L21) and high concentration for 21 days (H21), respectively. Compared to the control group, the diversity of isolated 〈em〉Aeromonas〈/em〉 spp. was decreased in the treatment groups and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of resistant isolates was enhanced from 32 to 256 μg mL〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 with the treatment of tetracycline in time- and dose-dependent manners. Furthermore, the abundance of most genes was increased in treatment groups and efflux genes mainly responded to the stress of tetracycline with an average level of 1.0 × 10〈sup〉−2〈/sup〉. After treatment with tetracycline, the predominant species were changed both at phylum and genus levels. The present study explored the impact of tetracycline on gut microbiota of goldfish at environmentally realistic concentrations for the first time and our findings will provide a reference for characterizing the microbiome of fish in the natural environment.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 191〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Márcio Gonçalves Corrêa, Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt, Priscila Cunha Nascimento, Railson Oliveira Ferreira, Walessa Alana Bragança Aragão, Marcia Cristina Freitas Silva, Walace Gomes-Leal, Mileni Silva Fernandes, Aline Dionizio, Marília Rabelo Buzalaf, Maria Elena Crespo-Lopez, Rafael Rodrigues Lima〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Mercury chloride (HgCl〈sub〉2〈/sub〉) is a chemical pollutant widely found in the environment. This form of mercury is able to promote several damages to the Central Nervous System (CNS), however the effects of HgCl〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 on the spinal cord, an important pathway for the communication between the CNS and the periphery, are still poorly understood. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of HgCl〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 exposure on spinal cord of adult rats. For this, animals were exposed to a dose of 0.375 mg/kg/day, for 45 days. Then, they were euthanized, the spinal cord collected and we investigated the mercury concentrations in medullary parenchyma and the effects on oxidative biochemistry, proteomic profile and tissue structures. Our results showed that exposure to this metal promoted increased levels of Hg in the spinal cord, impaired oxidative biochemistry by triggering oxidative stress, mudulated antioxidant system proteins, energy metabolism and myelin structure; as well as caused disruption in the myelin sheath and reduction in neuronal density. Despite the low dose, we conclude that prolonged exposure to HgCl〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 triggers biochemical changes and modulates the expression of several proteins, resulting in damage to the myelin sheath and reduced neuronal density in the spinal cord.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 190〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): M. Nasir Khan, Mazen A. AlSolami, Riyadh A. Basahi, Manzer H. Siddiqui, Asma A. Al-Huqail, Zahid Khorshid Abbas, Zahid H. Siddiqui, Hayssam M. Ali, Faheema Khan〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Nano-titanium dioxide (nTiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉) has been reported to improve tolerance of plants against different environmental stresses by modulating various physiological and biochemical processes. Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to act as an important stress signaling molecule during plant responses to abiotic stresses. The present work was planned to investigate the involvement of endogenous NO in nTiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉-induced activation of defense system of fava bean (〈em〉Vicia faba〈/em〉 L.) plants under water-deficit stress (WDS) conditions. Water-suffered plants showed increased concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉) and superoxide (O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉〈img src="https://sdfestaticassets-eu-west-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/16/entities/rad"〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉) content coupled with increased electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation which adversely affected nitrate reductase (NR) activity, chlorophyll content and growth of the plants. However, application of 15 mg L〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 nTiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 to stressed plants significantly induced NR activity and synthesis of NO which elevated enzymatic and non-enzymatic defense system of the stressed plants and suppressed the generation of H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 and O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉〈img src="https://sdfestaticassets-eu-west-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/16/entities/rad"〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉 content, leakage of electrolytes, and lipid peroxidation. Application of nTiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉, in association with NO, also enhanced the accumulation of osmolytes (proline and glycine betaine) that assisted the stressed plants in osmotic adjustment as witnessed by improved hydration level of the plants. Involvement of NO in nTiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉-induced activation of defense system was confirmed with NO scavenger cPTIO 〈em〉[2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide]〈/em〉 which caused recurrence of WDS.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0147651319314836-fx1.jpg" width="307" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 190〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Huiping Dai, Shuhe Wei, Marta Pogrzeba, Szymon Rusinowski, Jacek Krzyżak, Genliang Jia〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Jasmonic acid (JA) is an important phytohormone, which among others may be involved in the regulation of plant accumulating heavy metal. This experiment was designed to explore the effects of exogenous JA on the responses of alfalfa to Cu stress (100 μM) in Hoagland solution. When 1, 5 or 10 mM JA was added to the treatment with Cu addition, Cu concentrations in roots and leaves of alfalfa were significantly decreased (p 〈 0.05) to some extents compared to the treatment without JA addition. The biomasses of roots and leaves of alfalfa in treatments of JA additions were significantly increased (p 〈 0.05) compared to the Cu stress treatment. Similarly, the concentrations of Chlorophyll, antioxidant enzyme activities, MDA and H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 were improved accordingly. But these factors of JA were not improved further when its concentration added in media was the highest (10 mM), indicating its improvement roles were limited. These results suggested that there were positive roles of exogenous JA on alfalfa decreased its Cu accumulation and toxicities might via reduced oxidative stress.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 190〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Tasmia, Jasmin Shah, Muhammad Rasul Jan〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In the proposed method iron crosslinked alginate encapsulated magnetic graphene oxide beads were synthesized and used as an adsorbent for the microextraction of endocrine disrupting compounds from water samples and further analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector. The beads were characterized using spectroscopic techniques, such as Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy for the determination of different functional groups, Scanning electron microscopy for surface morphology, X-ray diffraction for phase determination and energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy for elemental composition. The results revealed that beads surface have functional groups of alginate and graphene oxide which are involved in π-π, n-πinteractions and hydrogen bonding for the bisphenol A and epichlorohydrin adsorption. The experimental conditions were studied for two endocrine disrupting compounds (Epichlorohydrin ad Bisphenol A) and at optimum conditions the adsorption capacity was 6.73 mgg〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 for epichlorohydrin and 7.01 mgg〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 for bisphenol A. The kinetic and equilibrium studies revealed that the adsorption process follow pseudo-second order kinetics and Langmuir equilibrium models. Analytical parameters were calculated for the microextraction of epichlorohydrin and bisphenol A. Limit of detection was 8.25 ngL〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 and 13.99 ngL〈sup〉−1〈/sup〉 (n = 4) for epichlorohydrin and bisphenol A, respectively. Different solvents used for microextraction and maximum extraction of both endocrine disrupting compounds were obtained with methanol. The proposed method was applied to spiked samples and the recovery values were 97.17 ± 3.13% for epichlorohydrin and 99.46 ± 1.39% for bisphenol A. The magnetic graphene oxide encapsulated inside an alginate shows nontoxic green chemical with high extraction performance for toxic organic compounds in water treatment.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Graphene oxide (GO). Magnetic graphene oxide (MGO). Iron crosslinked alginate encapsulated magnetic graphene oxide beads (FE-alg-MGO).〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0147651319314307-fx1.jpg" width="278" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 190〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Xiaoping Li, Yu Gao, Meng Zhang, Yu Zhang, Ming Zhou, Liyuan Peng, Ana He, Xu Zhang, Xiangyang Yan, Yanhua Wang, Hongtao Yu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Potentially toxic metals (PTMs), associated with different size particles in soil, may play an important role in adverse health effect and risk for human. The objective is to evaluate the lung and gastrointestinal bioaccessibility and risk of PTMs in Pb-contaminated alkaline urban soil depending on the particle size fractions. The size fractions of 50–250 μm, 5–50 μm, 1–5 μm, 〈1 μm in Pb-contaminated alkaline urban soil from Baoji Heavy Industrial Base City, NW China, were screened by Sequential Wet Sieving Separation Procedure (SWSSP) based on Stokes’ Law. The concentrations of 9 potentially toxic metals (As, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in each particle size fractions were characterized by ICP-OES and ICP-MS, and the 〈em〉in vitro〈/em〉 bioaccessibility dependent of size fractions were evaluated by the simulation fluids of Artificial Lysosomal Fluid (ALF) and Gamble for lung, PBET, SBET, IVG, SBRC, UBM for gastric and intestinal, respectively. Health risks were assessed considering simulated external exposure using intestinal and lung bioaccessibility. The lung and gastrointestinal bioaccessibility and exposure risks of PTMs in fine particle size (i.e. 〈1 μm) was higher than larger particle size fractions (i.e. 50–250 μm, 5–50 μm, 1–5 μm), however, some different variations of bioaccessibility observed the simulation fluids and time dependent. In case of single PTMs, the lung bioaccessibilities of PTMs in ALF were higher than those in Gamble fluids, most prominent in Co, Cu, Mn and Zn, while the gastrointestinal [G + I] bioaccessibility of PTMs was less than those in gastric [G], like Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn mostly. The non-carcinogenic risks of these PTMs to children via inhalation were acceptable and higher than those of adults, but reverse for carcinogenic risk. Comparatively, the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of PTMs via ingestion pathway were both higher than those for adults. Although the risks from ingestion were in acceptable range, the total carcinogenic risks for children were more than 10〈sup〉−4〈/sup〉, which would bring carcinogenic risks and should be paid attention to. It was noted that the toxic metal, Co in all size fractions was the most important contributor for noncarcinogenic risks and Cr mostly for carcinogenic risks via inhalation pathway for adults and children in local areas. However, Pb was the most important contributor for noncarcinogenic risk both for adults and children via ingestion pathway relative to Co and Cr for carcinogenic risks through hand-to-mouth ingestion. Those observations demonstrated the important role that the smaller particle fractionations in Pb-contaminated alkaline soil played in both bioaccessibility and the refinement of human health-risk assessments for the inhalation and ingestion pathway.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0147651319314824-fx1.jpg" width="360" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 190〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jingwen Zhang, Yiping Chen, Akhileshwar Namani, Mohamed Elshaer, Zhinong Jiang, Hongfei Shi, Xiuwen Tang, Xiu Jun Wang〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Exposure to outdoor concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a leading global health concern. Waste incineration emission has been recognized as a potential major contributor of ambient PM2.5. Respiratory inflammation is a central feature induced by PM2.5 exposure by inhalation. However, the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Dual-specificity phosphatase 1 (Dusp1) plays an instrumental role in the regulation of airway inflammation. In this study, fly ash particles (20 mg/kg BW) collected from a municipal waste incinerator in China were given to BALB/c wild-type (WT) and 〈em〉Dusp1〈/em〉〈sup〉〈em〉−/−〈/em〉〈/sup〉 mice by intranasal administration daily for three consecutive days. While these particles induced mild inflammation in both genotypes, a significantly higher level of serum interleukin-6 (665 pg/ml) was measured in 〈em〉Dusp1〈/em〉〈sup〉−/−〈/sup〉 mice challenged with fly ash particles than in their WT counterparts. Genome-wide transcriptome profiling of pulmonary coding genes in response to the exposure were performed in both genotypes by RNA sequencing. We identified 487 differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) in fly ash-challenged 〈em〉Dusp1〈/em〉〈sup〉−/−〈/sup〉 mice 〈em〉versus〈/em〉 their WT counterparts with a log〈sub〉2〈/sub〉fold-change 〉1.5 and p 〈 0.05. Functional enrichment and molecular pathway mapping of the DEGs specific to 〈em〉Dusp1〈/em〉〈sup〉−/−〈/sup〉 mice exposed to the particles revealed that the top 10 perturbed molecular pathways were associated with the immune response. Our study demonstrates the anti-inflammatory role of Dusp1 in protecting the lung against insults by fly ash particles, suggesting that Dusp1 might be a therapeutic target for the treatment of PM2.5-induced respiratory diseases.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0147651319314472-fx1.jpg" width="382" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 190〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Anwen Xiao, Wai Chin Li, Zhihong Ye〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Large areas of the paddy fields in South China are contaminated with arsenic (As), which causes serious problems, including high As concentrations in brown rice. Three As-resistant iron-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) namely, 〈em〉Bacillus〈/em〉 sp. T2, 〈em〉Pseudomonas〈/em〉 sp. Yangling I4 and 〈em〉Bacillus〈/em〉 sp. TF1-3, were isolated and applied to rice grown in different As-contaminated environments to study the effects of FeOB on the As accumulation in rice and clarify the possible mechanisms involved. The results showed that FeOB inoculation significantly decreased the inorganic As concentrations in brown rice grown in pots and paddy fields by 3.7–13.3% and 4.6–12.1%, respectively. FeOB inoculation enhanced the formation of Fe plaque, which sequestered more As on the root surface. Moreover, a significantly lower level of As(III) influx was observed in the rice cultivated with FeOB than in the control. FeOB inoculation also decreased the As concentrations in pore water and the Fe(II)/Fe(III) ratio in rhizosphere soil. The present results suggest that FeOB inoculation decreased the inorganic As concentrations in brown rice by affecting the formation of Fe plaque, As(III) uptake kinetics and rhizosphere soil properties. Based on our results, FeOB inoculation could be considered a useful method to decrease inorganic As concentrations in brown rice grown in As-contaminated paddy fields.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 190〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Gaofeng Cui, Haiqi Yuan, Zhiyan Jiang, Jing Zhang, Zhipeng Sun, Guohua Zhong〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The widely distributed β-carboline alkaloids exhibit promising psychopharmacological and biochemical effects. Harmine, a natural β-carboline, can inhibit insect growth and development with unclear mechanisms. In this study, harmine (at 0-200 mg/L) showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the pupal weight, length, height, pupation rate and eclosion rate of fruit flies 〈em〉Drosophila melanogaster〈/em〉, which was similar to the inhibition induced by the well-known botanical insect growth regulator azadirachtin. Moreover, the expression levels of major regulators from the developmental signaling network were down-regulated during the pupal stage except 〈em〉Numb〈/em〉, 〈em〉Fringe〈/em〉, 〈em〉Yorkie〈/em〉 and 〈em〉Pten〈/em〉. The Notch, Wnt, Hedgehog and TGF-β pathways mainly played vital roles in coping with harmine exposure in pupae stage, while the Hippo, Hedgehog and TGF-β elements were involved in the sex differences. 〈em〉Notch〈/em〉, 〈em〉Hippo〈/em〉, 〈em〉Hedgehog〈/em〉, 〈em〉Dpp〈/em〉 and 〈em〉Armadillo〈/em〉 were proved to be suppressed in the developmental inhibition with fly mutants, while 〈em〉Numb〈/em〉 and 〈em〉Punt〈/em〉 were increased by harmine. In conclusion, harmine significantly inhibited the development of 〈em〉Drosophila〈/em〉 by negatively affecting their developmental signaling network during different stages. Our results establish a preliminary understanding of the developmental signaling network subjected to botanical component-induced growth inhibition and lay the groundwork for further application.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0147651319314654-fx1.jpg" width="466" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 190〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yuchuan Sun, Siyu Zhang, Zhenglan Xie, Jiacheng Lan, Tian Li, Daoxian Yuan, Hong Yang, Baoshan Xing〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils and soil seepage waters were analyzed along with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to investigate the ecological risks and factors controlling the subsurface transport of PAHs in karst terrain in southwest China. The concentrations of dissolved PAHs in soil seepage water increased with depth and the mean concentrations at a depth of 80 cm were relatively high (exceeding 1147 ng/L). PAH composition in soil seepage water was dominated by low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs, whereas those associated with soil matrix were dominated by high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs. The results revealed that HMW PAHs in soil seepage water were closer to the equilibrium of dissolution than LMW and medium molecular weight (MMW) PAHs. However, due to the carrier functions of dissolved organic matter (DOM) for HMW PAHs, all PAHs can be continuously dissolved in the soil seepage water from soil matrix as the water moved vertical downward through the profiles. During this process, dynamic sorption and desorption processes were occurring between constituents in the soil seepage water and the soil matrix. This study demonstrates soil seepage water has posed a high risk to the groundwater, and effective protection is urgently needed.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0147651319314538-fx1.jpg" width="262" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 March 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 190〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Lihua Yao, Yue Li, Zhangqiang Li, Dongsheng Shen, Huajun Feng, Huihua Zhou, Meizhen Wang〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Landfills are one of the most important reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and ARG pollution in landfills has been well investigated. However, the various factors contributing to the widespread prevalence of ARGs in landfills have rarely been explored. Here, we quantified three classes of antibiotics, six kinds of heavy metals, eight types of ARGs, and five varieties of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in refuse samples from 10 landfills in Zhejiang Province, China. Compared with sulfonamides and macrolides, fluoroquinolones were present at much higher concentrations in all refuse samples, reaching a concentration of 1406.85 μg/kg in the Jiaxing region. The relative abundances of 〈em〉qnrD〈/em〉, 〈em〉qnrS〈/em〉, 〈em〉mexF〈/em〉, 〈em〉ermA〈/em〉, 〈em〉ermB〈/em〉, 〈em〉mefA〈/em〉, 〈em〉sul1〈/em〉, and 〈em〉sul2〈/em〉 in most landfills were 〉10〈sup〉−4〈/sup〉 copies per 16S rRNA, suggesting the presence of highly contaminated ARGs. No significant correlations between most target antibiotics and their corresponding ARGs were found. Variation partitioning analysis indicated that MGEs could be the determining factor in the spread of ARGs in landfills. This research not only reveals high levels of ARGs and the ubiquitous presence of antibiotics in refuse, but also provides guidance for controlling the spread of ARGs in landfills.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0147651319314629-fx1.jpg" width="264" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 April 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 193〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Liping Miao, Yujie Gong, Huaiyu Li, Chao Xie, Qianqian Xu, Xinyang Dong, Hamada A.M. Elwan, Xiaoting Zou〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 April 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 193〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Wen-Jun Shi, Guo-Yong Huang, Yu-Xia Jiang, Dong-Dong Ma, Hong-Xing Chen, Ming-Zhi Huang, Ling-Ping Hou, Lingtian Xie, Guang-Guo Ying〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 April 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 193〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jinjia Huang, Jialin Liang, Xian Yang, Jiali Zhou, Xiaojian Liao, Shoupeng Li, Li Zheng, Shuiyu Sun〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 April 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 193〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Joshua C. Ludicke, James C. Nieh〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 April 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 193〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Youliang Zhao, Changfu Hao, Lei Bao, Di Wang, Yiping Li, Yaqian Qu, Mingcui Ding, Ahui Zhao, Wu Yao〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 April 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 193〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ping-Kun Tsai, Sheng-Wen Wu, Chen-Yu Chiang, Min-Wei Lee, Hung-Yi Chen, Wen-Ying Chen, Chun-Jung Chen, Shun-Fa Yang, Chao-Bin Yeh, Yu-Hsiang Kuan〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 April 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 193〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yi-Jie Chen, Yanhao Zhang, Yanyan Chen, Yan Lu, Ruijin Li, Chuan Dong, Zenghua Qi, Guoguang Liu, Zhi-Feng Chen, Zongwei Cai〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 April 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 192〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ana Peigneux, Jose D. Puentes-Pardo, Alejandro B. Rodríguez-Navarro, Maxwell T. Hincke, Concepción Jimenez-Lopez〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 April 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 193〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jingchun Shi, Edmond Sanganyado, Lisi Wang, Ping Li, Xiang Li, Wenhua Liu〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 15 April 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 193〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jian Zeng, Xiaoyuan Li, Xiangxiang Wang, Kehao Zhang, Yi Wang, Houyang Kang, Guangdeng Chen, Ting Lan, Zhongwei Zhang, Shu Yuan, Changquan Wang, Yonghong Zhou〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 April 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 192〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Muhammad Noman, Muhammad Shahid, Temoor Ahmed, Muhammad Tahir, Tahir Naqqash, Sher Muhammad, Fengming Song, Hafiz Muhammad Arslan Abid, Zahra Aslam〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 April 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 192〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Xiaolan Zhao, Bihong He, Hanyu Wu, Guodong Zheng, Xiangxian Ma, Jianjun Liang, Ping Li, Qiaohui Fan〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Publication date: 1 April 2020〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 192〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jae-Woong Jung, Jae-Soon Kang, Jinsoo Choi, June-Woo Park〈/p〉