ALBERT

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉We obtained, by using the proper quantization rule, the approximate solutions of the Schrödinger equation with Manning-Rosen plus Hellmann potential for any l-state. Furthermore, thermodynamic properties, such as the vibrational mean 〈em〉U〈/em〉 , specific heat 〈em〉C〈/em〉, free energy 〈em〉F〈/em〉 and entropy 〈em〉S〈/em〉 for the pure vibrational state in the classical limit for these energy eigenvalues, are studied.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉Aiming at the shortcomings of the current fractional-calculus Fourier transform applied to image processing, it is necessary to artificially specify the differential order. This paper proposes an adaptive fractional differential, which can be applied to the aerobics view with higher real-time requirements and image reconstruction occasions. The adaptive fractional differential derivative Fourier transform selection can represent the fractal dimension of texture detail complexity as a parameter adaptive method to determine the order of the differential, but the commonly used fractional box dimension calculation method has relatively rough results. Its algorithmic shortcomings and an improved algorithm are proposed to make the fractal dimension obtained by the improved algorithm more accurate. An image reconstruction application based on the improved adaptive-tensor small-frame sparse-regularization algorithm was developed, which verified that feature matching can be performed with corner points. Experiments show that the improved fractal-based adaptive fractional-order differential Fourier transform constructed in this paper has better experimental results than the integer-order differential in edge detection and reconstruction of aerobics view images.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉In the present paper, we establish a remarkable connection between the length of the periodic orbit of a classical particle enclosed in a class of 2-dimensional planar billiards and the energy of a quantum particle confined to move in an identical region with infinitely high potential wall on the boundary. We observe that the quantum energy spectrum of the particle is in exact one-to-one correspondence with the spectrum of the amplitude squares of the periodic orbits of a classical particle for the class of integrable billiards considered. We have established the results by geometric constructions and exploiting the method of reflective tiling and folding of classical trajectories. We have further extended the method to 3-dimensional billiards, for which exact analytical results are scarcely available --exploiting the geometric construction, we determine the exact energy spectra of two new tetrahedral domains which we believe are integrable. We test the veracity of our results by comparing them with numerical results.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉A Bohmian analysis of the so-called Schrödinger-Langevin or Kostin nonlinear differential equation is provided to study how thermal fluctuations of the environment affects the dynamics of the wave packet from a quantum hydrodynamical point of view. In this way, after obtaining the Schrödinger-Langevin-Bohm equation from the Kostin equation its application to simple but physically insightful systems such as the Brownian-Bohmian motion, motion in a gravity field and transmission through a parabolic repeller is studied. If a time-dependent Gaussian ansatz for the probability density is assumed, the effect of thermal fluctuations together with thermal wave packets leads to Bohmian stochastic trajectories. From this trajectory based analysis, quantum and classical diffusion coefficients for free particles, thermal arrival times for a linear potential and transmission probabilities and characteristic times, such as arrival and dwell times for a parabolic repeller, are then presented and discussed.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉In this work, we study an implicit numerical scheme for a class of multi-term time-fractional diffusion equation, where the fractional derivatives are described in the Caputo sense. The numerical scheme is constructed based on Crank-Nicolson finite difference method in time and exponential B-spline method in space. It is proved that the proposed scheme is unconditionally stable and convergent with second-order in space and (2 - 〈span〉 〈span〉\( \gamma\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉) order in time. To illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of the present method, few numerical examples are presented and are compared with the other existing methods. Numerical results are presented to support theoretical analysis.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉Graphene is one of the thinnest and hardest elastic nanoscale materials and has opened new horizons in the field of material science for its versatile applications. The thermophoretic motion system is under investigation which describes the propagation of solitons in substrate-supported graphene sheets. A test function of the extended three-soliton method is used to construct the new soliton solutions. The one-order and mixed-order solutions involving solitons and lump waves are constructed. The dynamical behaviour of solitons under reflection, periodic distribution and interaction is depicted. Moreover, the bright and mixed type lump wave soliton propagation and interaction are discussed.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉In this article, the vibration characteristics of high-speed rotating graphene-nanoplatelets (GNP)-reinforced composite cylindrical nanoshell coupled with a piezoelectric actuator (PIAC) are investigated. This composite nanostructure rotates around the axial direction, and the Coriolis and centrifugal effects are considered in the formulation. The material properties of piecewise graphene-reinforced composites (GNPRCs) are assumed to be graded in the thickness direction of the cylindrical nanoshell and estimated through a nanomechanical model. In the current study, the effects of angular velocity, piezoelectric layer, GNPRC and size-effects on the frequency of the spinning GNPRC cylindrical nanoshell coupled with PIAC are studied for the first time. The governing equations and boundary conditions are developed using the minimum potential energy and solved with the aid of generalized differential quadrature (GDQM). In addition, due to existence of piezoelectric layer, Maxwell’s equation is derived. The results show that angular velocity, piezoelectric layer, GNP distribution pattern, length scale parameter and GNP weight function play an important role in the vibrational characteristics of the spinning GNP cylindrical nanoshell coupled with PIAC. The results of the current study are useful for design of materials science, micro-electro-mechanical systems and nanoelectromechanical systems such as nanoactuators and nanosensors.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉The nonextensive statistical ensembles are revisited for the complex systems with long-range interactions and long-range correlations. An approximation, the value of nonextensive parameter (1 - 〈em〉q〈/em〉) is assumed to be very tiny, is adopted for the limit of large particle number for most normal systems. In this case, Tsallis entropy can be expanded as a function of energy and particle number fluctuation, and thus the power-law forms of the generalized Gibbs distribution and grand canonical distribution can be derived. These new distribution functions can be applied to derive the free energy and grand thermodynamic potential in nonextensive thermodynamics. In order to establish appropriate nonextensive thermodynamic formalism, the dual thermodynamic interpretations are necessary for thermodynamic relations and thermodynamic quantities. By using a new technique of parameter transformation, the single-particle distribution can be deduced from the power-law Gibbs distribution. This technique produces a link between the statistical ensemble and the quasi-independent system with two kinds of nonextensive parameter having quite different physical explanations. Furthermore, the technique is used to construct nonextensive quantum statistics and effectively to avoid the factorization difficulty in the power-law grand canonical distribution.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉A Dy〈sub〉0.5〈/sub〉(Sr〈sub〉0.95〈/sub〉Ca〈sub〉0.05〈/sub〉)〈sub〉0.5〈/sub〉MnO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 system has been prepared by the sol gel method and sintered at temperatures of 700 〈sup〉°〈/sup〉〈em〉C〈/em〉 and 1350 〈sup〉°〈/sup〉〈em〉C〈/em〉 for a similar period of time. Its electrical and dielectrical data as a function of frequency and temperature have been recorded by means of impedance spectroscopy. It is observed that the contribution of grain boundary to total resistance becomes dominant once increasing sintering temperature. The increase of sintering temperature increases the static dielectric constant by 25 times. Such interesting result is understood in the framework of many reasons including the presence of oxygen vacancies. Unlike sample sintered at 700 〈sup〉°〈/sup〉〈em〉C〈/em〉 , the compound sintered at 1350 〈sup〉°〈/sup〉〈em〉C〈/em〉 reveals two extra relaxation processes. Further, the sample sintered at 1350 〈sup〉°〈/sup〉〈em〉C〈/em〉 possesses the higher value of the dielectric constant as well as a lower value of the loss tangent, which makes it a promising candidate for technological applications. For transport properties, the conduction process is found to be governed by the band gap model.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉Theoretical perspective discussions about negatively charged graphene slabs and their radiation properties are presented. It is shown that additional electrons in graphene, injected in a charging process, can enhance the value of the total cross section of photon radiation interactions, especially for X-rays and lower energies. A detailed discussion about the photoelectric effect on electrons trapped in quantum wells in graphene supplements the investigations on light carbon radiation shields. It is concluded that hundreds of parallel graphene slabs would give a significant contribution to modern radiation protection.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉This paper is devoted to investigating the synchronization and the anti-synchronization of a class of fractional-order chaotic systems (FOCSs). Based on triangular structure, two more cases are considered to improve the applicability: FOCSs can be transformed into the structure by appropriate non-singular coordinate transformations completely or partly. Different from the previous works, the controllers designed by linear feedback technique combining Mittag-Leffler stability with triangular structure in this paper are single and linear ones, which can guarantee the synchronization and the anti-synchronization of complex FOCSs effectively. Several illustrative examples are presented to verify the efficiency of the obtained results.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉We calculate the photon dispersion relations generated by the quark loop in a quark-gluon plasma with the color A〈sub〉0〈/sub〉-background condensate 〈span〉 〈span〉\( A_0^c = A_0^{c3} + A_0^{c8} = {\rm const}\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉 . It is found that both transversal and longitudinal modes are exited. They have a gap at low momenta and are stable in the high-temperature approximation. The background fields act as imaginary chemical potentials and decrease the photon frequencies compared to the case of zero background. This has phenomenological consequences, in particular, for direct photons radiated from plasma. Comparisons with the QED plasma with a chemical potential are discussed.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉Cobalt ferrite (CoFe〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉) nanoparticles have been successfully synthesised by simple and economic co-precipitation method at 90 〈sup〉°〈/sup〉〈em〉C〈/em〉 for 2h using a biodegradable surfactant (starch), and by annealing at 500 〈sup〉°〈/sup〉〈em〉C〈/em〉 for 1, 2, and 6h. The XRD patterns reveal spinel CoFe〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 phase for as-synthesized and annealed samples without any impurity phase. FTIR spectra also demonstrate the characteristic absorption bands of CoFe〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 phase and starch surfactant. SEM images display nearly spherical morphology for all the samples and the average particle size increases when annealed at 500 〈sup〉°〈/sup〉〈em〉C〈/em〉 and for prolonged durations at the same temperature. The direct band gap of CoFe〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 nanoparticles decreases with increasing particle size and the direct band gap values are attributed to spin-allowed 〈em〉d〈/em〉 to 〈em〉d〈/em〉 on-site transitions. The PL spectra exhibit peaks associated with transitions of charge carriers to near edge, surface, and defect states. The PLE peaks suffer blue shift when annealed at 500 〈sup〉°〈/sup〉〈em〉C〈/em〉 for 1h and then red shift on further prolonging the annealing time to 2 and 6h at the same temperature. Such results offer new opportunities for optimizing and enhancing the performance of cobalt ferrite where the optical properties are decisive.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉Based on the established irreversible reciprocating Maisotsenko-Brayton cycle (RMBC) model with heat transfer loss (HTL), piston friction loss (PFL) and internal irreversible losses (IIL), this paper derives important parameter expressions such as entropy generation rate (〈span〉 〈span〉\( \sigma\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉) and ecological objective function (〈em〉E〈/em〉), and studies the optimal ecological performance of the irreversible RMBC by using the finite-time thermodynamics (FTT) theory. The influences of the outlet temperature of the air saturator (AS), the maximum cycle temperature, the outlet exhaust gas temperature and the mass flow rate (MFR) of the water injected to the cycle on the cycle ecological performance are analyzed by using numerical examples. The performances of the irreversible RMBC and traditional irreversible reciprocating Brayton cycle (RBC) are compared, and the results show that the performance of the M-Brayton cycle is more superior to that of the Brayton cycle.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉The Einstein field equations and junction conditions are studied for a radiating object in which particles are travelling in geodesic motion. We consider the general case including the effects of gravity, the cosmological constant and the electromagnetic field. The boundary condition is shown to be a Riccati equation in general. A transformation reduces the boundary condition to a simpler equation. Several families of new exact solutions are found, both explicitly and implicitly. The exact solutions can be written in terms of elementary functions, elliptic integrals and Gaussian hypergeometric functions. We find that the cosmological constant and charge affects the gravitational behaviour of the model. We identify earlier models as special cases in this analysis.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉The effects of rotation on the scalar field in the spacetime with the distortion of a vertical line to a vertical spiral are investigated. By analysing the upper limit of the radial coordinate that stems from the effects of rotation and the topology of the defect, the upper limit of the radial coordinate is considered as a boundary condition analogous to a hard-wall confining potential. Then, a relativistic spectrum of energy is obtained in a particular case. In addition, a relativistic analogue of the Aharonov-Bohm effect for bound states is analysed.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉The structural electronic and magnetic properties of Ga doped delafossite CuFe〈sub〉0.96〈/sub〉Ga〈sub〉0.04〈/sub〉O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 are investigated using first principle calculations and Monte Carlo simulation. The calculations are based on the density functional theory using the Wien2k package within full potential linearized augmented plane wave method and spin-polarized generalized gradient approximation of the exchange-correlation functional. The simulated results show that an ideal Ga doped delafossite is an antiferromagnetic and the magnetic moments of the iron is about 〈span〉 〈span〉\( 3.91\mu_{B}\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉. Furthermore, we have explored the spin coupling interactions up to third nearest neighbors as well the coupling between adjacent layers in order to examine the magnetism and thermodynamical properties. In addition, we have reported the magnetic properties of this element using Monte Carlo simulation. The obtained values of the Néel temperature decrease as the absolute value of the single ion anisotropy 〈span〉 〈span〉\(| \Delta |\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉 increases. This result is in fair agreement with experiment.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉Nanocrystalline nitrogen-doped TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 photocatalysts were applied as surface coatings to three typical Israeli limestones, 〈em〉Maccabim〈/em〉, 〈em〉Halila〈/em〉 and 〈em〉Hebron〈/em〉, widely used for historic buildings. Two different N-doped TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 sols were synthesised by sol-gel method starting from titanium oxysulfate ( TiOSO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 as Ti precursor: a new N-doped TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 coating (N-TiF), obtained in neutral conditions, was developed and compared to a N-doped TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 (N-TiA), obtained in acidic medium. XRD and Raman spectroscopy confirm the nanocrystalline nature of N-doped TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉, mainly in anatase phase, with size ∼ 4 nm as revealed by TEM analysis. Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy indicates a red-shift in the absorption spectra for both nanopowders, even if the X-ray Photoelectron spectroscopy results are not conclusive on the state and location of the N doping ions. The self-cleaning efficiency of the two TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 coatings was assessed on the three Israeli carbonate stones and compared to commercial TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 (Evonik P25) by the photoinduced degradation of two organic dyes (Methyl orange and Rhodamine B) and by following hydrophilicity changes, through static contact angle measurements. The harmlessness of these coatings was confirmed by colorimetric and water capillary absorption measurements.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉The Schrödinger equation is considered in the minimal length formalism with the potential well problem. The equation, in an approximate scheme, appears in fourth-order form, which has not been extensively discussed in the literature. We transform the problem into Laplace space and the wave functions as well as energy spectra of the modified Schrödinger equation are calculated using the basic properties of this integral transform. The bound and continuous states are discussed in full detail.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉In the present study, the mechanical properties of vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) arrays in the most general case of anisotropic elasticity is studied. To quantify the elastic stiffness coefficients, continuum mechanics is employed, in which the constitutive relation is formulized in terms of the interatomic potential obtained via molecular dynamics (MDs) simulations. Detailed investigations into elastic stiffness coefficients with different geometrical parameters are performed and, consequently, their sensitivity on length and radius parameters is hereby studied. With such study it would be possible to tune the mechanical properties of VACNTs.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉We study the gauged Thirring model (also known as Kondo model) in thermodynamic equilibrium using the Matsubara-Fradkin-Nakanishi formalism. In this formulation, both the temperature and the chemical potential are kept to be nonvanishing. Starting from the field equations, we write down the Dyson-Schwinger-Fradkin equations, the Ward-Fradkin-Takahashi identities, and expressions for the thermodynamical generating functional. We find the partition function of the theory and study some key features of its exact two-point Green functions, including the Landau-Khalatnikov/Fradkin transformations and some limiting cases of interest as well. In particular, we show that we can recover results from both the Schwinger and the Thirring models from the Kondo model in thermodynamic equilibrium.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉Clear-sky models are needed in various fields of solar energy, such as solar sensors calibration, quality control of solar data, CSP and PV energy forecasting, etc. The aim of this work is the assessment of the clear-sky models for global solar irradiance estimation. For this end, data of two sites in Algeria have been used. Models accuracy is achieved by comparison between their estimations and measurements (5-minute time steps for the Bouzaréah site and 10-minute steps for the Ghardaïa site). Atmospheric input data to the models enclose aerosol and water vapor measurements as well as Linke turbidity, which are determined experimentally from available solar and meteorological measurements. Results show that Inchein-Perez and ESRA models are the best clear-sky approaches which ensure excellent accuracies (〈span〉 〈span〉\( nRMSE = 3.84\%\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉 and 6.26%) when compared to ground measurements.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉The present study focuses on the chemical characterisation of the bricks and mortars of a Roman Imperial building, the 〈em〉Atrium Vestae〈/em〉, characterised at least by five building phases. From each phase, brick and mortar samples were selected in order to emphasise compositional differences and/or possible evolutions in the materials employed and in the building technology of different historical periods. This investigation is carried out by a multitechnique approach based on: optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR) and micro-Raman spectroscopies. The comparison between contemporary samples or between samples produced in different ages provided important information to be integrated with the archaeological and historical data highlighting an improvement in the technological skill during the Imperial time. Furthermore, compositional similarities between samples of controversial dating, offered a hint to discriminate certain building phases and, finally, the compositional analyses were also extremely useful to determine the condition of the entire building.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉The primary objective of this article is to study the vibration characteristics of an electromagnetic nanobeam under the mutual framework of Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and Eringen's nonlocal theory. The nanobeam is assumed to be placed in an electromagnetic field, and the electromagnetic force experienced by the nanobeam is modeled in the present investigation by using Hamilton's principle. The impact of the small-scale parameter, as well as of the Hartmann parameter, is analyzed on the frequency parameter for Hinged-Hinged (H-H), Clamped-Hinged (C-H), Clamped-Clamped (C-C), and Clamped-Free (C-F) edges. Mode shapes are also plotted to exhibit the sensitivity of the Hartmann parameter. Numerical solutions of this model are explored by using two relatively new methods 〈em〉viz.〈/em〉 the Haar wavelet method (HWM) and the higher-order Haar wavelet method (HOHWM). Convergence of the present model is analyzed by both the methods and the rate of convergence of both HWM and HOHWM is computed by Richardson's formula. A comparative study is carried out by taking the Hinged-Hinged (H-H) boundary condition as a test case to demonstrate the supremacy of HOHWM over HWM. In order to verify the exactness of the model, the results obtained by the present investigation are compared with other previously published literature in special cases showing admirable agreement.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉In this work, a novel financial model based on a recent nonsmooth fractional order Caputo-Fabrizio derivative is introduced. The conditions for the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the proposed model are obtained. The local stability analysis of admissible and boundary equilibrium points along with possible local bifurcations are discussed. The key dynamical properties of the model are investigated through obtaining regions of stability, phase portraits and bifurcation diagrams. Chaos synchronization between two master/slave fractional-order financial models is achieved based on the adaptive control theory. In particular, the more realistic case where the values of the master system's parameters are unknown. In addition, the scheme of active chaos synchronization is examined for the suggested system's behavior. Finally, numerical simulations are given to validate the analytical results.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉A theory which unifies gravitation and electromagnetism (GUGE) is presented. This new theory is based on a recent redefinition of proper time. The 5-dimensional metric which arises is similar but not equivalent to the Kaluza-Klein (KK) one. Differences follow. The GUGE metric is deduced while the KK metric is postulated. In the GUGE field theory there is no need to impose either the “cylinder” or the “curling of coordinates” conditions, because they are direct consequences of the GUGE formalism. The GUGE field equations are fully equivalent to Einstein-Maxwell equations, while KK field equations are not. The GUGE 5-dimensional (geodesic) equations are equivalent to the 4-dimensional (non-geodesic) equations for a charged particle moving in the presence of gravitational and electromagnetic fields, unlike the KK 5-dimensional (geodesic) equations which are not. No extra scalar field appears in GUGE. The physical interpretation of the fifth dimension and of the role of the extra field in KK (internal coordinate in GUGE) are totally different in both approaches. Finally, GUGE results include electric charge conservation, electric charge quantization and electric charge contribution to the energy of charged particles even in the absence of electromagnetic fields, unlike the prevailing treatments of KK theories.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉The geometrically nonlinear bending and postbuckling of nanoscale beams are investigated herein according to the two-phase fractional nonlocal continuum model. It is considered that the beams have been made from functionally graded materials (FGMs), and the Bernoulli-Euler beam model is employed for their modeling. The variational form of the governing fractional equation is obtained first by means of an energy approach. Thereafter, a novel numerical solution method is proposed named as fractional variational differential quadrature method (FVDQM). In FVDQM, which is applied to the variational statement of the problem in a direct way, a combination of the differential quadrature method and matrix operators is utilized. The efficiency of the proposed fractional nonlocal model is evaluated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Selected numerical results are given to explore the influences of fractional order, nonlocality, length-to-thickness ratio and FG index on the nonlinear bending and postbuckling responses of FG nanobeams with various types of boundary conditions.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉The non-Newtonian fluid model is vital to visualize the fluid flows in the latest industrial materials so that the work productivity can be enhanced. Thus, this numerical study inspects the behaviour of the steady mixed convection flow near a stagnation point along a permeable vertical stretching/shrinking flat plate in a Powell-Eyring fluid. A proper similarity transformation simplifies the system of partial differential equations into a system of ordinary differential equations. The collocation formula in the MATLAB software then solves the system of similarity equations. The numerical results have been presented based on two different values of the Prandtl number, as the other governing parameters are varied. When the Prandtl number is 0.015, the availability of the second solution (lower branch solution) is within a certain range of the opposing flow, but the shrinking plate influences the presence of the dual solutions at the assisting flow. The usage of the Prandtl number as 23 restricts the existence of a critical point. Stability analysis shows that the first solution (upper branch solution) is a stable solution whereas the second solution is not a stable solution.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉Optical dispersive soliton solutions to the fractional Schrödinger-Hirota equation (SHE) in an optical fiber involving M-derivative of order 〈span〉 〈span〉\( \alpha\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉 are studied in this paper. The considered analytical method is based on the Jacobi elliptic function (JEF) ansatz. We found new bright, dark and singular optical soliton solutions that are relevant in optoelectronics problems in optical fibers. Some important constraints conditions were founded between the parameters of the JEF solitons solutions. The main result of the present work shows that the JEF ansatz is an important and efficient mathematical method to obtain new solutions for solving problems in optical fibers. Typical behaviour of the obtained soliton solutions is depicted in some interesting simulations.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉The adsorption properties of the silica-titanium mixed oxide consisting of 80 wt.% SiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 and 20 wt.% TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 (ST20) in relation to C.I. Direct Yellow 142 (DY142) were examined. The experimental adsorption capacity of ST20 for DY142 determined at room temperature equals 104.8 mg/g. The equilibrium data were fitted by means of the Freundlich, Langmuir and Tempkin isotherm models. The values of determination coefficients (r〈sup〉2〈/sup〉) confirmed applicability of the Langmuir (〈span〉 〈span〉\( r^{2}=0.990\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉) isotherm model, the monolayer capacity was found to be 106.5 mg/g. The kinetic parameters calculated from the pseudo-first-order (PFO) and pseudo-second-order (PSO) equations as well as the intraparticle diffusion (IPD) model revealed that the chemisorption is the rate limiting step as the r〈sup〉2〈/sup〉 value obtained for the pseudo-second-order model equals 0.999. The PSO adsorption rate constant was found to be 0.070 g/mg min. The presence of additives such as electrolytes (Na〈sub〉2〈/sub〉SO〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 and Na〈sub〉2〈/sub〉CO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉) and surface active agents (anionic SDS, cationic CTAB and non-ionic Triton X-100) reduce dye retention compared to systems that do not contain these additives. The presence of the dye with the anionic character in the colloidal suspension of ST20 oxide particles results in considerable increase of the solid surface charge density. In the systems of mixed adsorbates (dye-surfactant and dye-salt) the specific changes in surface properties were obtained --the cationic surfactant has the greatest effect on the solid surface groups type and its concentration.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉Memristor is a passive element theoretically proposed by Leon Chua in the 1970’s. It started to receive attention after 2008, when researchers from the HP Labs presented a device with memristive properties. Since then, several models have been proposed to describe the memristor. In this work, we analyze the linear drift model, comparing the numerical solutions with analytical solutions and SPICE simulations. We demonstrate that different solutions can be found depending on the method and parameter set.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉Sensors applied on robot skin have developed rapidly, as various kinds of unique function sensors have been designed to detect circumstances like vision, active touch, thermal sensitivity, etc. Some multi-function containing two or more functions above are proposed which are capable to measure multiple data simultaneously. A novel structure is presented in this article which is able to sense the three-axis force loaded on sensor and the temperature around in a limited area. The structure consists of four sector thin composites; three of them are conductive rubbers to detect three-axis force, another one is thermo-sensitive rubber to sense the temperature. A theoretical model and simulation results show that the novel structure of the sensor is feasible to accomplish the two functions.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉We consider further consequences of the recently (Eur. Phys. J. C 〈strong〉78〈/strong〉, 632 (2018)) revealed role of cosmological constant 〈span〉 〈span〉\( \Lambda\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉 as of a physical constant, along with the gravitational one to define the gravity, 〈em〉i.e.〈/em〉 the General Relativity and its low-energy limit. We now show how 〈span〉 〈span〉\( \Lambda\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉 -constant affects the basic relations involving the Planck units and leads to emergence of a new dimensionless quantity (constant) which can be given cosmological information content. Within Conformal Cyclic Cosmology, this approach implies the possibility of rescaling of physical constants from one aeon to another; the rescaling has to satisfy a condition involving 〈span〉 〈span〉\( \Lambda\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉 and admitting group symmetry. The emerged dimensionless information constant enables to reduce the dynamics of the universe to an algorithm of discrete steps of information increase.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉The discoloration of paper, due to the development of oxidized groups acting as chromophores in its chief component, cellulose, is responsible for severe visual degradation of works of art on paper. By adopting a diagnostic method based on 〈em〉in situ〈/em〉 non-invasive optical reflectance spectroscopy and time-dependent density functional theory 〈em〉ab initio〈/em〉 calculations, it is possible to describe and quantify the chromophores in cellulose fibers in a non-destructive way. In order to recover the absorption coefficient of cellulose fibers from reflectance measurements a specific approach based on the Kubelka-Munk theory was applied. The concentrations of carbonyl groups acting as chromophores were obtained by fitting the experimental optical absorption spectra to those simulated by using 〈em〉ab initio〈/em〉 calculations. This method was applied for monitoring the restoration interventions of two great format engravings 〈em〉Le Nozze di Psiche〈/em〉 and 〈em〉Gesù Cristo e l’adultera〈/em〉 by Diana Scultori (1547-1612), as well as a contemporary artwork by Renato Guttuso, 〈em〉Bozzetto per Crocifissione〈/em〉 (dated 1940). All artefacts were affected by chromatic deterioration due to a strong oxidation of the paper. Results quantified the decreasing of chromophores concentration after washing and reducing treatments evidencing the different behavior of the carbonyl groups as a function of the specific protocol performed.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉The present study bestows the analytical investigation of incremental mechanical stresses (compressive stress, shear, and tensile) and electrical displacements (vertical and horizontal components) induced due to a moving line load on an irregular transversely isotropic functionally graded viscoelastic-piezoelectric material (FGVPM) substrate. The closed form expressions of said induced mechanical stresses and induced electrical displacements are deduced and validated with pre-established results for electrically open and short conditions. The elastic moduli (stiffness tensors), piezoelectric moduli, dielectric moduli, elastic loss moduli, piezoelectric loss moduli, and dielectric loss moduli for a viscoelastic-piezoelectric composite are computed and used for numerical computation and graphical demonstration. The effectuality of diverse physical parameters (〈em〉viz.〈/em〉 maximum depth of irregularity, friction due to rough upper surface, functional gradient parameter, irregularity factor associated with different types of irregularity 〈em〉viz.〈/em〉 rectangular irregularity, parabolic irregularity and no irregularity) on said induced stresses and electrical displacements in the aforementioned composite substrate has also been discussed. A comparative analysis has also been made to examine the impact of piezoelectricity and viscoelasticity on theon said induced mechanical stresses and induced electrical displacements. In particular, some special peculiarities are also sketched by means of graphs.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉Neutral test particles around a Schwarzschild black hole immersed in an external uniform magnetic field have no interactions of electromagnetic forces, but their motions can be chaotic. This chaotic behaviour is induced by the gravitational effect of the magnetic field, leading to the nonintegrability of the magnetized Ernst-Schwarzschild spacetime geometry. Chaos is strengthened typically as the energy or the magnetic field increases under appropriate circumstances. When these particles have charges, electromagnetic forces are included. As a result, electromagnetic forces strengthen or weaken the extent of chaos caused by the gravitational effect of magnetic field.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉The possibility of application of BSA-based sensitive films for the development of gas sensors is investigated. BSA was deposited on three types of surfaces: fullerenes C60, NiTAA organic film and the silver electrode of a QCM sensor. Two of the resulting films, namely Ag-BSA and C60-BSA, have demonstrated big response values to a range of analytes, good repeatability, reversibility and long-term stability. The adsorption properties of the films strongly depend on the nature of the bottom layer. This opens a possibility to develop protein-based sensitive layers for multisensor arrays with predefined adsorption properties.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉In this paper, we study approximate analytical solutions of the Klein-Gordon equation with arbitrary 〈em〉l〈/em〉 state for the deformed generalized Deng-Fan potential plus deformed Eckart potential using the Nikiforov-Uvarov method and employing the approximation scheme for the centrifugal term. We obtain the energy eigenvalue equation and corresponding wave functions. Also, we discuss nonrelativistic limit of the energy equation. Finally, some numerical results are presented and show that these results are in good agreement with those obtained previously by other methods.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉The present contribution aims to present some general features of the experimental approaches in Nuclear Astrophysics. After a general introduction on light elements nucleosynthesis and on how to determine the reaction rates in a stellar environment, we will focus our attention on underground experiments aimed to directly measure nuclear cross sections of astrophysics interest. We will discuss the 〈sup〉14〈/sup〉N(p,〈span〉 〈span〉\( \gamma\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉)〈sup〉15〈/sup〉O and 〈sup〉12〈/sup〉C + 〈sup〉12〈/sup〉C reactions, underlying the advantages in approaching these measurements in a deep underground laboratory, as the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉The aim of this work is the historical and archaeometric investigation of a unique six-colour single-sheet relief print on paper belonging to a private collector. It is undescribed, undated and unsigned, and it depicts Charlemagne enthroned in Aachen Cathedral. The print was tentatively dated to the 16th century based on the style and iconography. This study offers a revised dating based on stylistic analysis of the design and archaeometric investigation of the six printing inks. The methodology consists of the complementary use of imaging and spectroscopic techniques, which are entirely non-invasive and non-destructive due to the rarity and fragility of the object. In particular, preliminary unaided visual analysis, UV fluorescence and IR reflectography were used to investigate the surface condition of the impression and to select the most promising areas for further analysis. Raman spectroscopy and XRF were used to identify pigments and treatments. Our results show that the paper support is in good condition. The pigments of all six inks have been identified. Results suggest that this impression was printed after 1850 and before 1900. In its conception and production, this artwork used then-modern methods and materials to pay homage to the styles and production techniques of the earliest German colour woodcuts.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉In this paper, using Maxwell's equal-area law we study the phase transition of charged AdS black holes by choosing different independent conjugate variables. As is well known, the phase transition can be characterized by the state function of the system, the determination of the phase transition point has nothing to do with the choice of independent conjugate variables. To study the thermodynamic properties of AdS black holes we give the conditions under which the independent conjugate variables are chosen. When the charge of the black hole is invariable, according to the conditions we find that the phase transition is related to the electric potential and the horizon radius of the charged black hole. Keeping the cosmological constant as a fixed parameter, the phase transition of the charged AdS black hole is related to the ratio of the event horizon to the cosmological constant of black holes.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉In this paper, the meshless Generalized Finite Difference Method (GFDM) in conjunction with the second-order explicit Runge-Kutta method (RK2 method) is presented to solve coupled unsteady nonlinear convection-diffusion equations (CDEs). Compared with the conventional Euler method, the RK2 method not only has higher accuracy but also reduces the possibility of numerical oscillation in time discretization, especially for the nonlinear and coupled cases. The generalized finite difference method, which is a localized collocation method, is famous for its simplicity and adaptability in the numerical solution of partial differential equations. Benefiting from Taylor series and moving least squares, its partial derivatives can be formed by a series of surrounding space points. In comparison with traditional finite difference methods, the proposed GFDM is free of mesh and available for irregular discretization nodes. In this study, the stencil selection algorithms are introduced to choose the stencil support of a certain node from the whole discretization nodes. Error analysis and numerical investigations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed GFDM for solving the coupled linear and nonlinear unsteady convection-diffusion equations. Then it is successfully applied to three benchmark examples of the coupled unsteady nonlinear CDEs encountered in the double-diffusive natural convection process, chemotaxis-haptotaxis model of cancer invasion, and thermo-hygro coupling model of concrete.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉Mortars are important building materials that are produced using different raw materials for the binder and for the aggregate; the latter is usually composed of several different mineral phases, or ceramic (〈em〉cocciopesto〈/em〉) or rocks fragments. Traditional local recipes often include a vast range of organic and inorganic additives, but unfortunately no precise descriptions of the recipes have been reported in historical sources. Knowledge of their composition could be extremely significant in terms of information on past technology and improvements in today’s conservation work. In recent years, non-invasive portable instruments have been increasingly used in conservation science, particularly for the analysis of paintings, but little research focuses on historical building materials. In this study, the performance of non-invasive external reflection infrared spectroscopy (ER-FTIR) is tested on model samples, which are prepared according to past recipes collected from historical manuals, and using conservation best practices. The results are discussed and compared with traditional analytical techniques, such as bench top transmission and attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy, combined with powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). The influence of surface roughness on reflection infrared spectroscopy signals is also considered and investigated.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉We create a reconfigurable transmission cavity though cascading two adjacent waveguide-bends, where the released energies are shown to possess different transmission bandwidths when the C-slit meta-gates are inserted into the bending corners with different rotating angles. A circuit modelling is proposed for the analysis of such a waveguide-bend cavity and perfectly accounts for all the details of the transmission spectrums, including the meta-gated transmissions and also the spurious passbands. Finally, we fabricate and test the waveguide-bend cavity, and the transmissions are shown to be reconfigured from original multiple passbands of bare cavity to the single tunable filtering transmission with the C-slit meta-gates in the experiment.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉The systematics of Grodzins product has been analyzed in the 〈span〉 〈span〉\(Z=50\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉--82, 〈span〉 〈span〉\(N=82\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉--126 major shell space. The validity of Grodzins product has been studied for the higher excited states of ground band for the first time. The proportionality between the reduced transition probabilities 〈span〉 〈span〉\(B[E2;(I+2)\rightarrow I]\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉 and the inverse of the energy of states 〈span〉 〈span〉\([E(I+2)-E(I)]\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉 is discussed for 〈em〉I〈/em〉 = 2〈sup〉+〈/sup〉, 4〈sup〉+〈/sup〉, 6〈sup〉+〈/sup〉, 8〈sup〉+〈/sup〉 and 10〈sup〉+〈/sup〉 of the ground band. We attempt to establish the global validity of Grodzins product for all the spins of ground band.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉One of the important problems in the field of heat transfer is the investigation of natural convection heat transfer in cavities. The next step is the study of entropy generation. The object of the present work is the investigation of the entropy generation in a semi-annulus porous cavity filled with Cu-water nanofluid in the presence of a magnetic field. The outer and inner semi-circular walls are kept at constant temperatures whereas the two other walls are insulated. Firstly, the governing equations (〈em〉i.e.〈/em〉 continuity, momentum and energy equations) are numerically solved by the Control Volume based Finite Element Method (CVFEM) and then the entropy generation number is calculated. The effects of the Rayleigh number, Darcy number, Hartmann number, angle of magnetic field, the nanoparticle volume fraction, the particle shape and the angle of turn for the enclosure, number and amplitude of undulation in the wavy wall on the entropy generation number are investigated. Also, a new criterion for the evaluation of cavity thermal performance is defined that is called ECOP. The results were compared with those of the literature and good agreement was observed. The results show that the Nusselt number and entropy generation number increase as the Rayleigh number and the nanoparticle volume fraction increase. Also, the entropy generation number decreases with increasing the Hartmann number whereas it increases as the Darcy number increases.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉Maximal entanglement between the atom and its spontaneous emission field is generated just by the rates of incoherent pumping fields. The effect of quantum interferences arising from incoherent pumping processes and spontaneous emission fields (decay induced interference) on atom-photon entanglement is discussed. The maximum atom-photon entanglement establishes when the population almost equally distributes among the bare states. No laser fields are used at any stage of the processes.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉The material composition of seven historical 〈em〉aquamanilia〈/em〉 from museum collections in Kraków and Gdańsk were examined using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry and micro-ablation sampling by means of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to better understand the materials found in these objects as well as for providing information that can be used towards authentication and dating studies. An additional set of Cu-alloy objects and also a late medieval XV century bronze 〈em〉aquamanile〈/em〉 served for reference and comparison. It was found that four of the figures were casted using quaternary and ternary Cu alloys characterized by a Zn content in the range 17.5-23%, admixtures of Sn and Pb below 7%, and presence of impurities like Fe, Ni, Ag, Si, Ba, and Ca. The observed composition similarities were confirmed by statistically processed data. This indicated that the animal figures (lions) are most probably brass replicas of the medieval ones and were produced during the XVIII-XX centuries. 〈em〉In situ〈/em〉 measurements were adequate despite inaccuracies associated with signal intensity fluctuations due to surface geometry effects, the presence of patinas, corrosion or contamination, and systematic errors originating from calibration. The proposed complementary approach that uses portable XRF and LIBS instruments ensures consistent data for compositional studies on historical alloys.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉The current study provides a comprehensive numerical investigation of flow and heat transfer of water-based Cu nanoparticles over a convergent/divergent channel. In order to control the random motion of nanoparticles, Darcy-Forchheimer, particle shape effect and viscous dissipation are also incorporated for the present mechanism. The resulting system of nonlinear equations is solved numerically by using the RKF-45 method. Expressions for the velocity and temperature profile are derived and plotted under the assumption of a flow parameter. The influence of various parameters on surface drag force and heat transfer rates have been discussed with the help of tables and plots.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉Piezoelectric materials are at front of scientific research when it comes to sensing, actuation and energy harvesting from smart materials and structures. Crucial to such materials is their output power and performance in terms of figure of merit (FOM). In the present paper, we have compared the effect of two approaches, namely, introducing porosity and poling tuning on different figures of merit. Here, two material systems, 0.3BaTiO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉-0.7NaNbO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 (BT-NNb) and Pb[Zr〈sub〉x〈/sub〉Ti〈sub〉1-x〈/sub〉]O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 (PZT-5A), have been considered and the effective piezoelectric properties for different porosity levels (upto 25% volume fraction) and at different poling orientations were computed using representative volume element (RVE). It was observed that for BT-NNb the effective properties get optimised at a given poling orientation unlike in PZT-5A. For BT-NNb, without poling tuning, the maximum change in FOM〈sub〉31〈/sub〉, FOM〈sub〉33〈/sub〉 and FOM〈sub〉h〈/sub〉 (associated with transverse (d〈sub〉31〈/sub〉), longitudinal (d〈sub〉33〈/sub〉) and hydrostatic (d〈sub〉h〈/sub〉) piezoelectric strain coefficients) was found to be 14.3%, 14.1% and 14.4% for 25% porous (by volume) system. On the other hand, for the same system, at optimum poling orientation all the FOMs were found to be ∼ 1000 times higher than their corresponding initial values. However, in PZT-5A, no optimum poling orientation was observed and thus it was concluded that FOMs can only be improved by introducing porosity in the system.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉The innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) of a black-hole spacetime marks the boundary between stable circular geodesics of test particles and unstable geodesics that plunge into the central compact object. In the present compact paper we use the famous Thorne hoop conjecture in order to address the following physically intriguing question: Does the gravitating two-body system possess an ISCO for arbitrarily large values of the dimensionless particle-to-black-hole mass ratio 〈span〉 〈span〉\(\bar{\mu}\equiv \mu/M\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉? Interestingly, analyzing the role of the hoop conjecture in this gravitating two-body system, we provide compelling evidence that the answer to this seemingly simple question may be negative in the regime 〈span〉 〈span〉\( \delta\equiv (M-a)/M\ll 1\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉 of near-extremal Kerr black holes. In particular, it is pointed out that, according to the Thorne hoop conjecture, a co-rotating particle that moves along the ISCO of a rapidly spinning Kerr black hole may be engulfed by a larger horizon (with 〈span〉 〈span〉\( r_{\rm horizon} 〉 r_{\rm ISCO}\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉) if its dimensionless mass parameter lies in the regime 〈span〉 〈span〉\( \bar{\mu}\gtrsim \delta^{2/3}\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉. To the best of our knowledge, this important conclusion, which is a direct consequence of the Thorne hoop conjecture, has gone unnoticed in the physics literature for almost five decades.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉It is argued that the occurrence of disproportionately (“un-natural”) large (or small) numbers, as well as deep cancellations, are comparatively natural traits of the way Nature is geared to operate in most complex systems. The idea is illustrated by means of two outstanding and over-resilient problems in theoretical physics: fluid turbulence and the computation of ground states of quantum many-body fermion systems. Potential connections with the issue of Naturalness, or lack thereof, in high-energy physics are sketched out.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉The study of lapis lazuli is important to find out information about the provenance of a material used since the Neolithic Age for the manufacturing of precious carved artefacts. The Badakhshan deposits in Afghanistan are commonly considered as the main source of lapis lazuli in ancient times. However, other quarries could have possibly been exploited since antiquity. A protocol to distinguish the provenance of lapis lazuli rocks among four known source areas (located in present-day Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Siberia and Chile) by means of non-invasive techniques was set up in the last years. It is based on differences in the physical-chemical properties measured in 45 lapis lazuli rocks that constitute our reference database. The aim of the present paper is to extend the protocol analysing, by means of a multi-analytical approach, 10 lapis lazuli rock samples, coming from the quarry district of Mandalay in Myanmar, to find out significant petrographic and mineralogical markers. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to perform a detailed petrographic and mineralogical characterisation allowing to distinguish the Myanmar lapis lazuli in three main groups. SEM-EDX analyses on selected mineral phases were performed.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉In this research, a comparative study of modern differentiations based on singular 〈em〉versus〈/em〉 non-singular and local 〈em〉versus〈/em〉 non-local kernels have been analyzed for Walter’s-B liquid. In order to expose the efficiency of the two types of modern differentiations namely Caputo-Fabrizio and Atangana-Baleanu fractional differentiations, the partial differential equations governing Walter’s-B liquid are modeled through modern differentiations to study the free convection flow of Walter’s-B liquid. The critical focus is set on the combined heat and mass transfer. The fractional governing equations are solved by invoking the Laplace transform and general solutions are investigated for velocity, temperature and concentration analytically. The analytic solutions are transferred in terms of the Fox- 〈strong〉H〈/strong〉 function for eliminating the gamma functions among the expressions of velocity, temperature and concentration. This comparative analysis indicates that the analytic results obtained via the Caputo-Fabrizio fractional differentiation have reciprocal trends in comparison with the Atangana-Baleanu fractional differentiation. Finally, graphical observations are also depicted for the check of influences of different pertinent parameters on the motion of Walter’s-B liquid.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉It came to the attention of the Publishers that the copyright holder of fig. 1 in the above-mentioned paper was not properly acknowledged.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉In this contribution, an atomic system of two dipole-dipole interaction atoms interacting with a non-linear cavity mode is considered. The generated quantum correlation between the atomic subsystems is quantified by different quantifiers. Two of them are based on the definition of skew information, in addition to concurrence and Bell function quantifiers. It is shown that the quantum correlation may be increased by increasing the dipole’ strength. The long-lived non-classical correlation is displayed at small values of the mean photon number and large values of the phase noise. The sensitivity of all measures to the phase noise and the dipole’ strength is discussed, where Bell function is violated in the absence of phase noise and for small values of the dipole’ strength. The phenomenon of correlation sudden death is depicted for concurrence only.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉The use of fractional calculus based novel adaptive algorithms to solve various applied physics and engineering problems is an emerging area of research. In the present study, the parameter estimation problem in adaptive beamforming is explored through the fractional least mean square (FrLMS) adaptive algorithm. The FrLMS algorithm uses the concept of the fractional order gradient in addition to the standard integer order gradient calculation in the recursive parameter update mechanism of optimization. The unknown parameters of adaptive beamforming networks are effectively estimated using FrLMS for various scenarios based on the number of antenna elements in a uniform linear array, the number of interference signals, the signal to noise ratios (SNRs) as well as fractional orders. A comparative study of the proposed FrLMS with standard LMS for different scenarios of adaptive beamforming shows the quality of the design scheme in terms of accuracy, convergence, robustness and stability.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉In this work, we analyzed the free vibration of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)-reinforced composite plates with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) embedded in amorphous polyethylene. Here, the governing differential equations of simply supported and clamped boundary conditions were found using the generalized differential quadrature (GDQ) method. We used the rules of mixture according to different plate models including first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT), classical plate theory (CLPT), and higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT) to find the fundamental frequencies of nanocomposite plates. The properties of the materials used in the fabrication of nanocomposite plates were investigated using the Multiscale Finite Element Method (FEM) simulation for both short (10, 10) and long (10, 10) SWCNTs composites. The results of FEM simulations were fitted using those of the rule of mixture to obtain optimum values of CNT efficiency parameters. A few selected numerical results have been provided to investigate the effects of the volume fractions of CNTs and the types of edge supports on the value of fundamental frequency of long- and short-CNTs reinforced composite plates.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉In this paper, a model of irreversible three-electron-reservoir energy selective electron (ESE) cooling device with heat leakage is established. By utilizing the finite time thermodynamics, the optimal performance of the cooling device is studied and the influences of chemical potential differences of electron reservoirs, center energy level of energy filters and heat leakage on the optimal performances are discussed. On the basis of cooling rate and coefficient of performance (COP) analyses, the exergy-based ecological function and figure of merit are proposed as objective functions. The operation properties of ESE cooling device with different objective functions are investigated and the optimal performance region is obtained. Higher cooling rate and COP can both be attained for the ESE cooling device when it is working in the optimal performance region.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉Moroccan manuscripts heritage preserves valuable information regarding different fields of Arabian history and culture. Despite this fact, analytical studies carried out in Moroccan manuscripts are scarce. In this work, we made use of a multi-analytical methodology to study, for the first time, four illuminated manuscripts from the Royal library of Rabat covering the span 14th to 19th centuries. The chemical structure of inks and paper support was identified. Elemental distribution obtained by micro-energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (μ-EDXRF) showed the use of iron, copper and vermillion in black, blue and red inks, respectively. Arsenic and lead were identified as orange inks in the 17th and 19th century manuscripts, respectively. Quantitative characterization of the paper supports obtained by triaxial geometry EDXRF spectrometry showed high levels of sulphur, chlorine and potassium. Regarding the study of the manuscripts support, cellulose 〈span〉 〈span〉\(I_{\beta}\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉 was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) in all the analyzed samples. Cellulose fibers observations by scanning electron microscopy showed that the manuscripts are in general, in a good condition. Calcite is the main filler determined by XRD.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉The paper presents an experimental study on mortar samples taken from historic and monumental buildings damaged or collapsed following the seismic events in Central Italy (2016-2017). Sixty-one samples were analysed via a set of diagnostic investigations to characterize the mortar and correlate it with the performance of the masonry. The techniques used were: X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and microanalysis, differential scanning calorimetry, calcimetry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, soluble salt analysis by conductimetry and dosage of anionic species by ion chromatography, particle-size analysis, direct shear. Microstructural characterization of the mortars revealed differences in mortar composition depending on their provenance. In particular the samples from Norcia contained large quantities of calcite while in the mortars from Pretare, dolomite was identified. In the case of Amatrice, only a few samples showed crystalline phases and compounds ascribable to binders. These results were largely confirmed by the other chemical and physical analysis performed, and mechanical tests also demonstrated low cohesion. The tests showed that in almost all the samples, poor quality mortars were used, and, in some cases, underachieving binder mortar.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉Multi-messenger emissions from SN1987A and GW170817/GRB170817A suggest a Universe rife with multi-messenger transients associated with black holes and neutron stars. For LIGO-Virgo, soon to be joined by KAGRA, these observations promise unprecedented opportunities to probe the central engines of core-collapse supernovae (CC-SNe) and gamma-ray bursts. Compared to neutron stars, central engines powered by black hole-disk or torus systems may be of particular interest to multi-messenger observations by the relatively large energy reservoir 〈em〉E〈/em〉〈sub〉〈em〉J〈/em〉〈/sub〉 of angular momentum, up to 29% of the total mass in the Kerr metric. These central engines are expected from relatively massive stellar progenitors and compact binary coalescence involving a neutron star. We review prospects of multi-messenger emission by catalytic conversion of 〈em〉E〈/em〉〈sub〉〈em〉J〈/em〉〈/sub〉 by a non-axisymmetric disk or torus. Observational support for this radiation process is found in a recent identification of 〈span〉 〈span〉\(\mathcal{E}\simeq (3.5\pm1)\% M_\odot c^{2}\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉 in Extended Emission to GW170817 at a significance of 〈span〉 〈span〉\( 4.2 \sigma\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉 concurrent with GRB170817A. A prospect on similar emissions from nearby CC-SNe justifies the need for all-sky blind searches of long duration bursts by heterogeneous computing.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉After publication, the author realized that the acknowledgment section was incorrect. Here is the correct version.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉We introduce a new parametrization for the parton distribution functions (PDFs) designed to be flexible in the small-〈em〉x〈/em〉 region. We implement it in the xFitter open-source PDF fitting tool, and compare it to the default xFitter parametrization, widely used for many PDF studies, and notably for the HERAPDF determination. We find that we can describe the combined inclusive HERA I+II data using NNLO theory with a significantly higher quality than HERAPDF2.0: the 〈span〉 〈span〉\(\chi^{2}\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉 is reduced by more than 60 units, having used only four more parameters. Our result highlights a significant parametrization bias in the default xFitter parametrization at small 〈em〉x〈/em〉, which would lead to even more dramatic effects when used for higher-energy colliders, where the small-〈em〉x〈/em〉 region is more relevant. We also find that the inclusion of small-〈em〉x〈/em〉 resummation, that was shown in previous studies to lead to similar improvements in the fit quality, further reduces the 〈span〉 〈span〉\(\chi^{2}\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉 by approximately 30 extra units.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉The unsteady natural convection of an incompressible, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD), Jeffrey nanofluid in the vicinity of a vertical oscillating plate in a porous medium is examined. Several involving parameters such as thermal radiation, chemical reaction, Soret effect, thermal diffusion, magnetic field and heat absorption are taken into account. To gain an insight into the behavior of a memory-dependent fluid, the variable-order fractional calculus for heat, mass and concentration equations is implemented, which, to the best of the author's knowledge, has not been tackled by the researchers for the present comprehensive problem. The set of governing equations are reformed to the dimensionless form via invoking appropriate variables. A computational matrix method based on the Chebyshev cardinal functions (CCFs) is given to examine the behavior of the relevant problem. In fact, regarding to the established method, the unknown solutions are expanded by the CCFs. Then, the operational matrix of the variable-order fractional derivative is utilized to transfer the problem into solving an algebraic system of equations. The applicability and accuracy of the suggested method are investigated by solving some test problems. The numerical results confirm the high accuracy of the presented approach. The effect of several parameters such as Grashof, Hartmann, Prandtl, Soret and Schmidt numbers, in addition to oscillation frequency, retardation time, radiation, heat absorption and reaction rate are determined and presented graphically. According to the results, increasing the value of fractional order improves the natural convection mechanism as well as the peak value of the velocity profile.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉We propose a scheme for intracavity electromagnetically induced transparency and white light cavity via three-level Ladder-type Rb atoms. The system is driven by coherent and incoherent fields. Due to the position dependent atom-field interaction, the tunable optical susceptibility of the probe field can be achieved. By using an incoherent pump field and choosing proper parameters, one can control dispersion behavior of the probe field. In weak probe field limit, cavity bandwidth narrowing and broadening could be controlled via atomic systems in different conditions. Assuming the intracavity electromagnetic-induced transparency and the white light cavity conditions, it’s possible to control the susceptibility to satisfy the resonance condition over a wide frequency range. Tuning and controlling bandwidth of the optical cavity may find interesting applications in investigating cavity-QED phenomena and designing novel all-optical devices such as optical switches.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉The Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM) is considered as a very useful method for obtaining analytical approximate solutions to various nonlinear differential equations arising in many different areas of science and engineering. Despite this, it is seldom used to obtain solutions in General Relativity and particularly higher order theories of gravity, where due to the complexity and nonlinearity of the field equations, most of the known solutions are numerical. We consider the case of a non-Schwarzschild static and spherically symmetric black hole solution in higher derivative gravity that has been studied recently. We obtain an analytical approximation using HAM and compare it with the numerical solution.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉We investigate the behaviour of the Tolman metrics within the formalism of the trace-free (or unimodular) gravity. A solution generating algorithm is presented which influences the physical character of the models proposed. Specifically an additive constant of integration (〈em〉K〈/em〉) is persistently in attendance and while it has little influence on the density, pressure, energy conditions and sound speed it exerts considerable influence on the equation of state, active gravitational mass and hence the compactification parameter (mass-to-radius ratio) as well as on the Chandrasekhar adiabatic stability index. A thorough study of the Tolman IV and V metrics is conducted and it is evident that the adiabatic stability criterion 〈span〉 〈span〉\(\frac{\rho + p}{p} \frac{\mathrm{d}p}{\mathrm{d}\rho} 〉 \frac{4}{3}\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉 is achievable in the presence of 〈em〉K〈/em〉 but not without at least in the Tolman IV case. A range of parameter values for the Tolman V solution is considered and graphical plots corroborate that the Tolman choice 〈span〉 〈span〉\(n = \frac{1}{2}\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉 only allows for the model’s compatibility with the elementary requirements for physical plausibility.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉This paper illustrates the variation in the natural frequencies of different modes of vibration considering the different types of waviness of the atomic structures of single walled boron nitride nanotubes (SWBNNTs), 〈em〉i.e.〈/em〉, sinusoidal, elliptical and parabolic. The waviness present in the atomic structures of SWBNNTs causes a variation in the localized stiffness in waviness regions, thereby affecting the natural frequency of the SWBNNTs. Thus, it is important to understand the effects of the different types of possible waviness present in the atomic structures of SWBNNTs on their natural frequency. A vibrational analysis was performed for the bridged configuration (with both ends fixed) of SWBNNTs. Continuum modelling based analytical and finite element method (FEM) simulation approaches were used to estimate the natural frequencies of SWBNNTs with different types of wavy curvatures. The FEM approach reflects the shear deformation on the natural frequency of wavy nanotubes, whereas inclusion of shear deformation in the analytical approach adds complexity to the model, which requires more computational time for analysis. The obtained results indicate that the sinusoidal curvature of wavy atomic structures of SWBNNTs is more sensitive compared to the parabolic and elliptical curvatures of wavy nanotubes. Mode shape analysis is also found to be useful for estimating the type of curvature in the atomic structures of the nanotube. As presented herein, understanding the effect of waviness on the variation in the natural frequency of the wavy atomic structure of SWBNNTs is found to be useful for the practical realization of wavy atomic structure based nano-mechanical resonators for applications such as in sensor systems on the nano-scale level.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉In this work, we consider a non-commutative description of graphene. We have employed extensive and non-extensive entropies to study magnetic susceptibility of graphene in non-commutative phase-space. To this end, we have used the Shannon and Tsallis entropies. According to the obtained results, we have found that the magnetic susceptibility has a positive value by using the Shannon entropy. But, by using the Tsallis entropy, we have obtained both positive and negative values for the magnetic susceptibility of graphene. Also, we have found a transition between positive and negative susceptibility by using the Tsallis entropy which depends on both temperature and non-extensive parameter. There is not any transition by using the Shannon entropy.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉After publication, the authors realized that eqs. (28a)-(28d), along with one reference were incorrect. Here is their correct versions.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉Portable Raman spectrometers offer a good option for fast 〈em〉in situ〈/em〉 analyses and discrimination of gemstones in the cultural heritage and gemmology applications. Their relative affordability and ease of use makes them ideal tools able to complement traditional instruments in a gemmology lab. A test scenario of blind study based on identification of cut gemstones solely using their Raman spectra and online RRUFF database is proposed. A portable Raman spectrometer equipped with a sequentially shifted excitation (PSSERS) that allows recording of Raman spectra with supressed fluorescence background was used for acquisition of Raman spectra of a series of 20 previously unidentified cut minerals in gemstone quality. Obtained spectra were loaded into the freeware CrystalSleuth program that permits to search in the online database of Raman spectra of minerals RRUFF. In this way 19 out of 20 (with the exception of apatite) cut minerals or gemstones were correctly identified based on multiple similar matches of their Raman spectra in the database. These findings and the straightforward process described in this study suggest that a highly practical application such as basic gemstone discrimination using only portable Raman spectrometer and a free online spectral library is feasible even for a user not experienced in Raman spectroscopy and traditional spectroscopic references in the literature.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉We consider an elastic medium with the distortion of a vertical line into a vertical spiral and investigate the influence of this topological defect on a spinless quantum particle confined to a cylindrical wire. In addition, we analyse the effects of rotation on this system. We show that there exists an analogue of the Aharonov-Bohm effect for bound states in both rotating and nonrotating reference frames. Furthermore, we show that the topology of the defect yields a term that plays the role of an effective radius in the spectrum of energy in both reference frames. In particular, in the rotating reference frame, a coupling between torsion and the angular velocity arises.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉A coupled higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger system, which describes the ultrashort pulses in a birefringent optical fiber, is analytically investigated. For the complex envelopes of the electric field in the fiber, we construct a Lax pair which is different from that in the existing literature, and derive out the corresponding first- and second-order breather solutions. We present the first- and second-order breather-to-soliton conversion conditions, related to the strength of the higher-order linear and nonlinear effects. We find that the strength affects the peak numbers of solitons, and see the multi-peak soliton, W-shaped soliton, M-shaped soliton, anti-dark soliton and two kinds of periodic waves. From the second-order breather solutions under the first-order breather-to-soliton conversion condition, interactions between the breather and a W-shaped soliton, an M-shaped soliton or periodic waves are given. From the second-order breather solutions under the second-order breather-to-soliton conversion conditions, we present the interactions between the two M-shaped solitons, the two anti-dark solitons, a W-shaped soliton and an M-shaped soliton, or a W-shaped soliton and two kinds of the periodic waves. Those results might provide certain assistance for the studies on the birefringent optical fibers.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉〈em〉f〈/em〉 (〈em〉R〈/em〉, 〈em〉T〈/em〉) gravity was proposed as an extension of the 〈em〉f〈/em〉(〈em〉R〈/em〉) theories, containing not just geometrical correction terms to the General Relativity equations, but also material correction terms, dependent on the trace of the energy-momentum tensor 〈em〉T〈/em〉 . These material extra terms prevent the energy-momentum tensor of the theory from being conserved, even in a flat background. Energy nonconservation is a prediction of quantum theory with time-space noncommutativity. If time is considered as an operator and there are compact spatial coordinates which do not commute with time, then the time evolution gets quantized and energy conservation can be violated. In the present work we construct a model in a 5-dimensional flat spacetime consisting of 3 commutative spatial dimensions and 1 compact spatial dimension whose coordinate does not commute with time. We show that energy flows from the 3-dimensional commutative slice into the compact extra dimension (and vice versa), so that conservation of energy is restored. In this model the energy flux is proportional to the energy density of the matter content, leading to a differential equation for 〈em〉f〈/em〉(〈em〉R〈/em〉,〈em〉T〈/em〉), thus providing a physical criterion to restrict the functional form of 〈em〉f〈/em〉(〈em〉R〈/em〉,〈em〉T〈/em〉). We solve this equation and analyze the behavior of its solution in a spherically symmetric context.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉Based on single-mode squeezed vacuum state (SVS) and Hermite-excited elementary superposition operator 〈span〉 〈span〉\( H_{m} (xa^{\dagger}+ya)\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉, we induce two new quantum states, 〈em〉i.e.〈/em〉, Hermite-excited squeezed vacuum state (HSVS) and Hermite-excite-orthogonalized squeezed vacuum state (HOSVS). HSVS is obtained by applying the operator on SVS and HOSVS is obtained by applying the orthogonalizer on SVS, where HSVS is just HOSVS for odd 〈em〉m〈/em〉. We study and compare mathematical and nonclassical properties for SVS, HSVS and HOSVS, including photon number distribution, Mandel’s 〈em〉Q〈/em〉 parameter, quadrature squeezing, and Wigner function. Numerical results show that i) HSVS and HOSVS have only even (odd) photon components for even (odd) 〈em〉m〈/em〉; ii) HSVS and HOSVS can exhibit sub-Poissonian statistics in low-squeezing parameter regime and squeezing effect in large-squeezing parameter regime; iii) moreover, squeezing is always incompatible with sub-Poissonianity; iv) Wigner functions for HSVS and HOSVS have negative values in phase space.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉In this paper we present a perturbation theory for constant quaternionic potentials. The effects of quaternionic perturbations are explicitly treated for bound states of hydrogen atom, infinite potential well and harmonic oscillator. Comparison with relativistic corrections is also briefly discussed.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉In our former work (Eur. Phys. J. Plus 〈strong〉132〈/strong〉, 432 (2017)), we investigated the stochastic resonance phenomenon in the overdamped bistable system with a fractional power nonlinearity. However, the analytical explanations are missing and the former work only considers the low-frequency signal excitation case. In the present work, we give the analytical result based on the two-state theory. Moreover, through the general scale transformation method, we make the stochastic resonance occur in the system with an arbitrary high-frequency excitation. Further, as a new result, we find that the fractional-order value can also induce stochastic resonance. The meaning of the study lies in its application in engineering fields. By finding the optimal fractional-order value, we can obtain a much higher signal-to-noise ratio in the signal processing issues. Numerical simulations and experimental vibration signal simulations verify the analytical results.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉In this paper we study the Schwarzschild AdS black hole with a cloud of string background in an extended phase space and investigate a new phase transition related to the topological charge. By treating the topological charge as a new charge for the black hole solution we study its thermodynamics in this new extended phase space. We treat by two approaches to study the phase transition behavior via both 〈em〉T〈/em〉-〈em〉S〈/em〉 and 〈em〉P〈/em〉-〈em〉v〈/em〉 criticality and we find the results confirm each other in a nice way. It is shown that a cloud of strings affects the critical physical quantities and it could be observed an interesting Van der Waals-like phase transition in the extended thermodynamics. The swallow tail-like behavior is also observed in the free energy-temperature diagram. We observe in the 〈span〉 〈span〉\(a\rightarrow 0\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉 limit that the small/large black hole phase transition reduces to the Hawking-Page phase transition as we expected. We can deduce that the impact of the cloud of strings in the Schwarzschild black hole can bring a Van der Waals-like black hole phase transition.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉This research communication aims to obtain the periodic wave solutions of the double dispersive equation of the wave propagation in a nonlinear elastic inhomogeneous Murnaghan's rod by using the 〈em〉F〈/em〉 -expansion technique. This method first converts the partial differential equation into an ordinary differential equation under the wave transformation, then the assumed solution converts the problem under study into systems of algebraic equations. Once these algebraic systems are solved for the unknowns and are shifted into the assumed solution, the exact solutions of the double dispersive equation is obtained. Next by making the modulus of Jacobi elliptic functions into either 0 (or) 1, non-topological, singular and their compound solitons are gleaned. The two- and three-dimensional plots are given to show the roving properties of the solutions.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉The effect of a wedge angle on the MHD laminar momentum and thermal boundary layer decelerating forced flow of a water-Cu nanofluid flow over a constant temperature wedge is investigated numerically for different nanoparticle volume fractions. The thermal conductivity and viscosity of the nanofluid are computed by considering the Brownian motion of the particles. The momentum and energy equations are solved by the Keller-Box method. The averaged friction coefficient and the Nusselt number are analyzed to explore boundary layer and heat transfer behaviours. Two regression models are obtained by using the response surface methodology for various magnetic parameters (〈span〉 〈span〉\(0.5\le M\le 2.5\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉), wedge angles (〈span〉 〈span〉\( 90^{\circ}\le \beta\le 180^{\circ}\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉) and nanoparticle volume fractions (〈span〉 〈span〉\( 0.01\le \varphi\le 0.07\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉). Then, a sensitivity analysis is carried out to gain further insight into the impact of the factors on the problem. Finally, an optimization process is conducted in order to determine the maximum heat transfer rate and the minimum surface friction. The obtained results show that both the magnetic parameter and the wedge angle decrease the thicknesses of the hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layers, so that the averaged surface friction and the Nusselt number reduce. Surprisingly, adding nanoparticles is found to have a decreasing impact on the averaged Nusselt number by enlarging the thermal boundary layer thickness at high magnetic strength. The sensitivity analysis outcomes reveal that 〈em〉M〈/em〉, 〈span〉 〈span〉\( \beta\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉, and 〈span〉 〈span〉\( \varphi\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉 have increasing effects on the surface friction. Also, the sensitivity of 〈span〉 〈span〉\( \overline{Nu}\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉 to the wedge angle is found to be independent of the magnetic parameter. The optimum condition occurs when 〈em〉M〈/em〉 = 0.62, 〈span〉 〈span〉\( \beta=166.71^{\circ}\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉, and 〈span〉 〈span〉\( \varphi\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉 = 0.052, wherein 〈span〉 〈span〉\( \overline{Nu}\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉 = 1.176 and 〈span〉 〈span〉\( \overline{C}_{f}=3.2601\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉, with a maximum error of 0.33%.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉Medium modification of the magnetic moments of octet baryons in the isospin asymmetric nuclear medium at finite temperature has been calculated using medium modified quark and baryon masses derived in chiral SU(3) quark mean field model. The magnetic moments of baryons are found to vary significantly as a function of density of nuclear medium as well as with the increase in isospin asymmetry of the medium. The rise of temperature is found to decrease the effect of isospin asymmetry on masses and magnetic moments of baryons. The results of present investigation may be helpful to understand the experimentally observed values of octet baryon magnetic moments at different experimental facilities.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉In this paper, under the background of the Riemann-Liouville fractional differential, the Lie point symmetries are obtained by using the Lie symmetry method. The symmetry reductions are also derived ulteriorly. Next, the power series solution and its convergence proof are given. Finally, conservation laws are well constructed based on the Noether theorem. Especially, the approximate analytical solution is studied by employing the q-homotopy analysis method under the background of Caputo fractional differential. What is more, the dynamic behaviour of all these exact solutions of the equation are described with changing the value of 〈span〉 〈span〉\( \alpha\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉 .〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉We theoretically investigated the influence of shape, structural distortion and electric field on the Aharonov-Bohm (AB) oscillations observed in the energy and in the nonlinear absorption spectra of a pseudo-elliptic quantum ring (PEQR). The potential that describes the PEQR is a combination of parabolic and inverse square potentials, that allows a detailed phenomenological analysis of the variation of AB oscillations period with the magnetic field. For a moderate outer ellipse eccentricity, the decrement of ring width, the small displacement of the inner circle of the ring along the 〈em〉x〈/em〉(〈em〉y〈/em〉) -axis or an in-plane electric field directed along the 〈em〉x〈/em〉(〈em〉y〈/em〉) -axis lead to the suppression of the AB oscillations for the lower energy levels and to the decrement of their period and amplitude for the higher levels. The electric field has a similar effect on the energy spectrum as the inner circle displacement along the same direction. All absorption spectra display the influence of AB oscillations in the energy and in the amplitude of some peaks. The spectra have particular features depending on the applied fields and can be potentially used as sensitive tools for deciphering the presence and direction of an electric field or of eccentricity.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉In this work, we study the Regge-like spectra of excited singly heavy mesons by proposing a general Regge-like mass relation, in which the slope ratio 〈span〉 〈span〉\( \alpha^{\prime}/\beta^{\prime}\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉 between the radial and angular-momentum Regge trajectories is 〈span〉 〈span〉\( \pi\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉/2 and the hadron mass undergoes a shift including the heavy quark mass and an extra binding energy between heavy quark and strange anti-quark. The relation is successfully tested against the observed spin-averaged data of the singly heavy mesons in their radially and angularly excited states. Some new predictions are made for more excited heavy-light mesons and the discussion is given associated with the QCD string (flux tube) picture.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉The purpose of this paper is to construct multiwave solutions for the (2 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation by utilizing the logarithmic transformation and symbolic computation with the ansatz function method. We used three different techniques, namely, three waves method, double exponential form and homoclinic breather approach. By selecting appropriate values of the parameter, 3d plots are drawn to obtained kinky breathers, W-shaped and multi-peak solitons. Furthermore we observed three different types of very interesting interactional phenomena between multi-peak solitons and multi-kink waves.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉Nanofluids are the next generation fluids that exhibit thermal properties superior to those of conventional fluids. Nanofluids play a vital role in various thermal applications such as automotive industries, heat exchangers, solar power generation, etc. Therefore, a generalized Brinkman-type fluid model has been developed to predict the heat transport properties of a flat-plate solar collector using a nanofluid in a rotating frame under the influence of transverse magnetic field B〈sub〉0〈/sub〉 and two cases are discussed. i) B〈sub〉0〈/sub〉 being fixed to the fluid (〈em〉K〈/em〉 = 0 ; ii) B〈sub〉0〈/sub〉 being fixed to the plate (〈em〉K〈/em〉 = 0). Thermal radiation and concentration are also taken into account. Furthermore, the classical model is converted to a generalized model using the Atangana-Baleanu (AB) fractional derivative and then the exact solutions are obtained via the Laplace transform method. A parametric study of all the governing parameters is carried out and some other important results are illustrated in tabular form. A comparison of several nano-sized solid particles, 〈em〉i.e.〈/em〉 SWCNT, MWCNT, CuO, Al〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 and TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 has been done in the current investigation and it is concluded that adding SWCNT in the working fluid (water) can augment the heat transfer rate up to 36.61%, which consequently upgrades the working ability of flat-plate solar collectors by enhancing their absorption power of solar radiation.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉A nature-inspired, integrated computational heuristic paradigm is developed for the piecewise solution of the nonlinear Bratu problem arising in fuel ignition model, electrically conducting solids and related fields, by exploiting the strength of Cascade Artificial Neural Networks (CANN) modeling, optimized with the memetic computing procedure based on global search efficacy of genetic algorithms (GAs), aided with the efficient local search of teaching learning based optimization (TLBO). The proposed technique incorporates the log-sigmoid activation function in the CANN model, trained by GAs hybridized with TLBO, 〈em〉i.e.〈/em〉, CANN-GA-TLBO. As a first application of CANN-GA-TLBO, 1D nonlinear Bratu's system represented with a boundary value problem of the second-order ordinary different equation has been solved, which is a benchmark for testing new algorithms. Comparison of the results with exact solution and previously reported solutions, including Adomian decomposition method, Laplace transformed decomposition method, B-Spline method and artificial neural network solutions, confirms the superiority of the designed stochastic solver CANN-GA-TLBO in terms of accuracy and convergence measures.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉In this article we studied analytically the propagation of nonlinear ion acoustic solitary waves modeled by the generalized Schamel (GS) equation arising in plasma physics using auxiliary equation mapping method. As a result, we found a series of more general and new families of solutions, which are more powerful in the development of soliton dynamics, quantum plasma, adiabatic parameter dynamics, biomedical problems, fluid dynamics, industrial studies and many other fields. The calculations prove that this method is more reliable, straightforward, and effective to study analytically other nonlinear complicated physical problems modeled by complex nonlinear partial differential equations arising in mathematical physics, hydrodynamics, fluid mechanics, mathematical biology, plasma physics, engineering disciplines, chemistry and many other natural sciences. We also have expressed our solutions graphically with the help of Mathematica 10.4 to understand physically the behavior of different shapes of ion acoustic solitary waves including kink-type, anti-kink-type, half-bright and dark soliton.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉The founding fathers of the quantum theory already struggled with the different roles of space and time in quantum theory. Position is by default represented by an operator, whereas time is usually treated as a parameter. We utilize a model denoted the Temporal Wave Function (T.W.F.) which extends the Born's rule to the time domain. We show how this model links to the kaon phenomenology, including the tiny violation of the combined discrete symmetries 〈em〉P〈/em〉 (parity) and 〈em〉C〈/em〉 (charge conjugation) observed in the K-meson system. The predictions based on the T.W.F. are compared with the standard predictions and related to precise experimental observations.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉In this research, we propose a new method to approximate the solutions of a multidimensional dynamic quantum model named the nonlinear Schrödinger equations arising in cognitive psychology and decision making. The 〈span〉 〈span〉\( \theta\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉-weighted scheme is applied to discretize the time space. Afterwards, the collocation method based on Chebyshev orthogonal polynomials is implemented for solving the equations. Using the proposed method, the equations are converted to a system of linear algebraic equations. In addition, the accuracy and effectiveness of our method are investigated through different examples. The proposed method is compared with the other approaches. The results shows high precision, while having an acceptable runtime.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉I expand on the results of a recent work in which a novel weighting algorithm was shown to substantially increase the accuracy of an old, non-Bayesian computational approach for inferring the source direction of a gravitational wave from the output of a two-detector network. While that work was limited to the consideration of circularly polarized gravitational waves, the current analysis shows that the same approach is even more successful when applied to the generic case of elliptically polarized gravitational waves.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉The purpose of this study is to figure out the hydrodynamic disturbance characteristics and chilled water storage efficiency improvement technique of a storage tank by a series of experimental analysis and FLUENT simulation. A new type of diffusion nozzle was designed, which stemmed from the Coanda effect, and an optimization is done by the numerical simulation method. Comparison analysis by FLUENT simulation on different diffusion angles of the nozzle was made, and the hydrodynamic disturbance was minimal when the diffusion surface was flat and the outlet edge of the nozzle was radial. The diffuser performance testing platform was designed and installed for comparative experimental analysis of various types of diffuser. Three groups of experiments are carried out under the original octagonal diffuser, the octagonal diffuser with nozzles and the octagonal diffuser with nozzles and uniform flow orifice. The chilled water storage efficiency could reach up to 90% when the third scheme was selected.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉The properties of deformed odd nuclei away from the 〈em〉E〈/em〉(5/4) critical point have been studied by using an adjustable Kratzer potential for the even-even core coupled to a fermion moving in a single 〈em〉j〈/em〉 = 3/2 shell. This choice preserves the 〈span〉 〈span〉\(\gamma\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉-instability of the whole system and gives precise analytic predictions for spectra and transitions rates, that are compared with available spectroscopic information in iridium isotopes.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉In this article, the wave dispersion analysis of heterogeneous functionally graded (FG) nanosize beams is undertaken in the framework of a nonlocal strain gradient higher-order beam theory. Shear deformation effects are completely included free from any additional shear correction coefficient by the means of a refined sinusoidal beam theorem. Furthermore, the small scale effects are covered based on the nonlocal strain gradient elasticity theory. This is proven that the aforementioned theory is powerful enough to guesstimate the behavior of the nanostructures better than formerly presented ones. In fact, both stiffness-softening and -hardening characteristics of nanosize elements are coupled together in this theory. On the other hand, the equivalent material properties are achieved utilizing the rule of mixture. The motion equations are derived extending the dynamic version of the principle of virtual work. Thereafter, the size-dependent partial differential equations of the problem are solved based on an exponential solution function to reach the circular wave frequency. Next, some graphical examples are presented to investigate the influences of various parameters on the wave propagation behaviors of FG nanobeams.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉Aiming at the shortcomings of the current fractional calculus Fourier transform applied to image processing, it is necessary to artificially specify the differential order. This paper proposes an adaptive fractional differential, which can be applied to the aerobics view with higher real-time requirements. The adaptive fractional differential derivative Fourier transform selection can represent the fractal dimension of texture detail complexity as a parameter adaptive method to determine the order of the differential, but the commonly used fractional box dimension calculation method has relatively rough results. Its algorithmic shortcomings and an improved algorithm are proposed to make the fractal dimension, obtained by the improved algorithm, more accurate. An image reconstruction application based on the improved adaptive tenor small frame sparse regularization algorithm was developed, which verified that feature matching can be performed with corner points. Experiments show that the improved fractal-based adaptive fractional-order differential Fourier transform constructed in this paper has better experimental results than the integer-order differential one in edge detection and reconstruction of aerobics view images.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉Model-based simulations are widely used to study the dynamics of the cardiovascular system. More importantly, model-based simulations have flexibility to run virtual simulations to know the behavior of hemodynamics in different realistic scenarios. Within this work, a lumped-parameter model of left ventricle (LV) is coupled with the complete systemic circulation (SC). Where, different heart rates are fed into the heart model and their impact are studied in a patient having different levels of aortic abnormalities (stenoses, aneurysms). For this purpose, global sensitivity analysis was used to quantify the impact of aortic abnormalities in the SC in complement with different heart rates. Moreover, simulation-based study is an important tool for medical doctors, students and teachers to enhance their understanding of hemodynamics in healthy and diseased states of vessels, as well as to identify the best possible measurement locations for pressure and flow to detect aortic abnormalities in the SC.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉A consistent (off-shell) canonical classical and quantum dynamics in the framework of special relativity was formulated by Stueckelberg in 1941, and generalized to many-body theory by Horwitz and Piron in 1973 (SHP). In this paper, this theory is embedded into the framework of general relativity (GR), here denoted by SHPGR. The canonical Poisson brackets of the SHP theory remain valid (invariant under local coordinate transformations) on the manifold of GR, and provide the basis for formulating a canonical quantum theory. A scalar product is defined for constructing the Hilbert space and a Hermitian momentum operator defined. The Fourier transform is defined, connecting momentum and coordinate representations. The potential which may occur in the SHP theory emerges as a spacetime scalar mass distribution in GR, and electromagnetism corresponds to a gauge field on the quantum mechanical SHPGR Hilbert space in both the single particle and many-body theory. A diffeomorphism covariant form of Newton’s law is found as an immediate consequence of the canonical formulation of SHPGR. We compute the classical evolution of the off shell mass on the orbit of a particle and the force on a particle and its energy at the Schwarzschild horizon. The propagator for evolution of the one-body quantum state is studied and a scattering theory on the manifold is worked out.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉We present a model in which gluon and quark pairs are produced by means of the Schwinger mechanism from the decay of color-electric flux tubes, which are expected to be produced in the early stage of ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions. The evolution equations of the initial field are coupled to the relativistic transport equation which describes the dynamics of the many particle system and is formulated in terms of a fixed viscosity over entropy density ratio 〈span〉 〈span〉\( \eta\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉/〈em〉s〈/em〉. This self-consistent solution of the problem allows to take into account the backreaction of the color currents on the classical field. We study isotropization and thermalization of the plasma produced by the field decay for a expanding geometry in 〈span〉 〈span〉\( 1+1{\rm D}\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉 and in 〈span〉 〈span〉\( 3+1{\rm D}\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉 . We find that the initial color-electric field decays within 1fm/〈em〉c〈/em〉 ; in the case of large 〈span〉 〈span〉\( \eta\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉/〈em〉s〈/em〉 oscillations of the field appear along the whole temporal evolution of the system, affecting also the ratio between longitudinal and transverse pressure. In the case of small viscosities (〈span〉 〈span〉\( \eta/s\lesssim3/4\pi\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉) we find an equilibration time less than 1 fm/〈em〉c〈/em〉, in agreement with the common lore of hydrodynamics. Including the pertinent scattering processes into the collision integral of the Boltzmann equation we investigate photon production within our model for the pre-equilibrium dynamics and with simulations starting with equilibrium initial conditions. Thus, we are able to identify the contribution of the early-stage to the photon spectrum in Au-Au collisions at RHIC 〈span〉 〈span〉\(\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉 GeV and in Pb-Pb collisions at LHC 〈span〉 〈span〉\( \sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉 TeV. We find that there is no dark age in relativistic heavy ion collisions: early-stage photons enhance the direct photon spectrum in the intermediate transverse momentum region (〈span〉 〈span〉\( p_{T}\gtrsim 1.5\)〈/span〉 〈/span〉-2 GeV depending on the collision energy) and their abundance is comparable with that produced by a thermalized quark-gluon plasma.〈/p〉

Description: 〈h3〉Abstract.〈/h3〉 〈p〉The purpose of this research is the numerical study of turbulent flow field, heat transfer and entropy generation of a Cuo-MWCNT-oil hybrid nanofluid in a trapezoidal enclosure under the influence of a magnetic field in natural convection. The enclosure side walls are insulated, the top wall is cold and the bottom one is hot. The study is done on Rayleigh numbers 10〈sup〉7〈/sup〉 to 10〈sup〉10〈/sup〉, Hartmann numbers 0 to 500, and volume fractions 0 to 1 percent of nanoparticles. The governing equations were solved numerically using a finite volume method and SIMPLER algorithm. According to numerical results, it was observed that the application and increase of a magnetic field increases the flow tendency to vortices. In all Rayleigh numbers and for all the studied Hartmann numbers, the stream function and average Nusselt number reduced by increasing the volume fraction of nanoparticles. It was also observed that for smaller Rayleigh numbers, increasing the Hartmann number will have a more tangible effect on reducing the average Nusselt number. By increasing the Rayleigh number in all the studied Hartmann numbers and volume fractions, the total entropy generated increased. The optimal mode for each Rayleigh number in terms of the minimum value of entropy generation is the least volume fraction and the most Hartmann number.〈/p〉