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  • Articles  (8,011)
  • Springer  (8,011)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • Applied Physics A  (1,969)
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  • Articles  (8,011)
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  • Springer  (8,011)
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  • 1
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    Preparation of nanofiber polythiophene layered on Ba x Sr 1−x Fe 12 O 19 /Fe 3 O 4 /polyacrylic acid core–shell structure and its microwave absorption investigation (2015)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: Ba x Sr 1− x Fe 12 O 19 /Fe 3 O 4 /polyacrylic acid/polythiophene (Ba x Sr 1− x Fe 12 O 19 /Fe 3 O 4 /PAA/PTh) nanocomposites with multi-core–shell structure were successfully synthesized by four steps. The samples were characterized by FTIR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometer, and radar absorbing material reflectivity far-field radar cross-section method, respectively. XRD and TEM results indicated that the obtained nanoparticles have multi-core–shell morphology. The magnetic properties and microwave absorption analyses reveal that there are interphase interactions at the interface of Ba x Sr 1− x Fe 12 O 19 , Fe 3 O 4 , PAA, and PTh, which can affect the magnetic properties and microwave absorption properties of the samples. The microwave-absorbing properties of nanocomposites were investigated at 8–14 GHz. A typical layer absorber exhibited an excellent microwave absorption with a −26 dB maximum absorption at 14 GHz. Compared with core material, the coercivity and saturation magnetization of multi-core–shell nanocomposites decrease obviously, but the microwave absorption properties of nanocomposites are improved greatly. The results show that these composite could be used as advancing absorption and shielding materials due to their favorable microwave-absorbing properties.
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  • 2
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    Monopole antenna with metamaterials to reduce the exposure (2015)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: This paper presents a simplified model of a terminal mobile where a monopole antenna is associated with three different metamaterials: artificial magnetic conductor (AMC), electromagnetic band gap and resistive high-impedance surface (RHIS). The objective is to evaluate what is the metamaterial which is the best solution to reduce exposure. The exposure has been evaluated using a simplified phantom model. Results show that both AMC and RHIS reduce the exposure preserving the antenna performances. A reduction of 23 % of specific absorption rate 10 g has been obtained when the monopole is associated with an optimized RHIS structure. Antenna with and without metamaterials has been realized. The experimental results confirm the performances given by simulation in terms of impedance matching and radiation.
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  • 3
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    High-temperature annealing effect of α-Al 2 O 3 (0001) substrates with nominal 0.25° miscut toward the a -plane $${\mathbf{ \left( {11\overline{2} 0} \right)}}$$ 11 (2015)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: The annealing effects of c -plane sapphire (α-Al 2 O 3 ) substrate with a vicinal-cut angle of α  = 0.25° toward the a -plane \(\left( {11\overline{2} 0} \right)\) on the quality of epitaxial ZnO films grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition were studied. The atomic steps formed on sapphire substrate surface by annealing at high temperature were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The annealing effects of sapphire substrate on the microstructural and optical properties of the ZnO films were examined by high-resolution X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, AFM and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Experimental results indicate that the film quality is strongly affected by annealing treatment of the sapphire substrate. X-ray diffraction study revealed that ZnO films deposited on c -plane sapphire substrate annealed at T  ≥ 1050 °C exhibit a wurtzite phase and have a c -axis orientation. The decrease in FWHM for (0004) and \(\left( {10\overline{1} 4} \right)\) ZnO peak confirms the improvement of the crystalline quality of ZnO thin film as increasing annealing substrate temperature. Sapphire annealing at 1100 °C for 3 h under oxygen prior to ZnO film growth is the best to achieve ZnO film with good structural and optical quality.
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  • 4
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    Measurements of phosphorus and boron concentrations in Czochralski silicon wafer-thick samples by p -polarized Brewster incidence far-infrared transmission (2015)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: Determination of phosphorus and boron concentrations in Czochralski-grown silicon wafer-thick samples has been examined by means of low-temperature high-resolution far-infrared transmission measurements with p -polarized light incident at Brewster angle. The measurements were taken at about 8.7 K with a spectral resolution of 0.5 cm −1 under halogen light illumination. Linear correlations are clearly obtained between the absorption coefficients of several phosphorus and boron transitions and their concentrations, which are approximately in the range of 7.7 × 10 13 –1.6 × 10 15  atoms cm −3 for phosphorus and of 2.5 × 10 14 –7.6 × 10 14  atoms cm −3 for boron. The correlations are obtained regardless of the surface processing conditions of the samples. These are because interference fringes due to internal multiple reflections in wafer-thick silicon samples are almost suppressed using this incidence. The detection limit of phosphorus is about 1.2 × 10 13  atoms cm −3 and that of boron is about 4.2 × 10 13  atoms cm −3 . P -polarized Brewster angle incidence has made it possible to determine phosphorus and boron concentrations in wafer-thick samples.
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  • 5
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    Erratum to: Effect of deposition energy on the microstructure and phase purity of pulsed laser deposited iron fluoride thin films (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
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  • 6
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    Enhancement of photocatalytic activity of combustion-synthesized CeO 2 /C 3 N 4 nanoparticles (2015)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: Nanocrystalline CeO 2 /C 3 N 4 was synthesized via a one-step solution combustion method using urea as fuel for the first time. The effects of the molar ratio of urea to cerium chloride on the photocatalytic activity of the synthesized samples were investigated. The synthesized nanocrystalline CeO 2 /C 3 N 4 shows small size and large surface exposure area. Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue demonstrates that the synthesized nanocrystalline CeO 2 /C 3 N 4 possesses enhanced photocatalytic activity. It is proposed that the enhanced photocatalytic activity might be related to the favorable morphology and structure, and the effective charge separation between C 3 N 4 and CeO 2 in the photocatalytic process.
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  • 7
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    Peculiarities of photoluminescence of vertical n + / n -GaAs/Al 0.25 Ga 0.75 As MBE- and MOCVD-grown structures designed for microwave detectors (2015)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: Vertical MBE- and MOCVD-grown \({n}^{+}/{n}\hbox {-GaAs}/\hbox {Al}_{0.25}\hbox {Ga}_{0.75}\hbox {As}\) structures used for microwave electronics have been studied with continuous wave and time-correlated single photon counting dynamic photoluminescence technique. The photoluminescence spectra and light emission lifetimes are used to explain the recombination mechanisms of the excited carriers. This paper presents results showing the differences in recombination characteristics of \({n}^{+}\hbox {-Al}_{0.25}\hbox {Ga}_{0.75}\hbox {As}\) layers grown using MBE process compared with MOCVD process. One of these differences is that the PL spectrum of the MOCVD-grown layer is shifted towards the forbidden energy gap region, as well as the characteristic recombination time is longer than for the MBE-grown sample. This peculiarity can be attributed to the formation of the localised band tails in the \({n}^{+}\hbox {-Al}_{0.25}\hbox {Ga}_{0.75}\hbox {As}\) MOCVD-grown sample. The proposed analytical model explains the differences in microwave detection properties of the samples grown by MBE and MOCVD processes.
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  • 8
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    Third-order nonlinear optical response of Ag–CdSe/PVA hybrid nanocomposite (2015)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: Hybrid nanocomposites of II–VI semiconductor nanoparticles are gaining great interest in nonlinear optoelectronic devices. Present work includes the characterization of CdSe polymer nanocomposite prepared by chemical in situ technique. From X-ray diffraction, the hexagonal wurtzite structure of nanoparticles has been confirmed with spherical morphology from transmission electron microscopy. Ag–CdSe hybrid polymer nanocomposite has been prepared chemically at different Ag concentrations. The presence of Ag in hybrid nanocomposite has been confirmed with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The effect of varying Ag concentration on the linear and nonlinear optical properties of the nanocomposites has been studied. In linear optical parameters, the linear absorption coefficient, refractive index, extinction coefficient and optical conductivity have been calculated. The third-order nonlinear optical properties have been observed with open- and closed-aperture Z-scan technique. The large nonlinear refractive index ~10 −5  cm 2 /W with self-focusing behaviour is due to the combined effect of quantum confinement and thermo-optical effects. The enhanced nonlinearity with increasing Ag content is due to the surface plasmon resonance, which enhances the local electric field near the nanoparticle surface. Thus, Ag–CdSe hybrid polymer nanocomposite has favourable nonlinear optical properties for various optoelectronic applications.
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  • 9
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    Electrical properties of palladium-doped CaCu 3 Ti 4 O 12 ceramics (2015)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: The effect of doping palladium (Pd) at the Cu site of CaCu 3 Ti 4 O 12 powders (CCPTO) synthesized by sol–gel technique on electrical properties was studied. XRD analysis revealed the formation of CCTO and CCPTO ceramics with some minor quantities of impurities. SEM micrographs revealed that the grain size decreased with Pd doping. TEM micrographs of CCPTO powder showed the formation of irregular-shaped particles of ~40 nm. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss showed a significant enhancement with Pd doping. A significant decrease in grain-boundary resistance with Pd doping was ascertained by impedance spectroscopy study.
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  • 10
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    Leonardo da Vinci’s drapery studies: characterization of lead white pigments by µ-XRD and 2D scanning XRF (2015)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-04
    Description: This work focuses on the composition and microstructure of the lead white pigment employed in a set of paintworks, using a combination of µ-XRD and 2D scanning XRF, directly applied on five drapery studies attributed to Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) and conserved in the Département des Arts Graphiques , Musée du Louvre and in the Musée des Beaux - Arts de Rennes . Trace elements present in the composition as well as in the lead white highlights were imaged by 2D scanning XRF. Mineral phases were determined in a fully noninvasive way using a special µ-XRD diffractometer. Phase proportions were estimated by Rietveld refinement. The analytical results obtained will contribute to differentiate lead white qualities and to highlight the artist’s technique.
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