ALBERT

Beschreibung:    In this report, we study crystallization and Raman spectral and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) changes in amorphous and nanocrystalline Si. Micro-Raman spectra combined with TEM show that considerable crystallization occurs in a-Si:H and a-Si(Al) (the structure of aluminum-diffused amorphous Si/Al/c-Si), but no additional crystallization was observed for nc-Si:H, after the exposure to a laser or accelerating electrons. Meanwhile, moving toward lower or higher energy for a-Si:H and nc-Si:H, by contrast, the Raman shift appeared for a-Si(Al) as if it were for single-crystalline Si, in which it remained constant at one energy, as the laser intensity increased or decreased. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-6 DOI 10.1007/s00339-012-6781-1 Authors Jong H. Lyou, College of Science and Technology, Korea University, Chungnam, 339-700 South Korea Journal Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing Online ISSN 1432-0630 Print ISSN 0947-8396

Beschreibung:    Nickel is an important sheath material for the fabrication of MgB 2 wires. However, the effects of Ni doping on the phase formation and superconducting properties of MgB 2 remain controversial. In this work, Ni powder is selected for doping in MgB 2 bulk in order to examine the corresponding changes. Combining with the DSC analysis and in-situ XRD results, we find indications that the Ni powder reacted with Mg and B, forming MgNi 2.5 B 2 at 600°C. The ternary compound began to decompose at a temperature above 800°C. The reactive phase, MgNi 2.5 B 2 , acted as an obstacle to the supercurrent flow, creating weak links among the MgB 2 grain boundaries. However, it is found that the added Ni formed a eutectic liquid phase with Mg at 506°C. The liquid phase helps the formation of MgB 2 at low temperature, which not only increases the density of the sample, but also improves the grain connectivity. Consequently, the presence of Ni in the MgB 2 sample is not necessarily a disadvantage; it depends on the desired application. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-7 DOI 10.1007/s00339-012-6812-y Authors Qian Zhao, Tianjin Key Lab of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 P.R. China Yongchang Liu, Tianjin Key Lab of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 P.R. China Qi Cai, Tianjin Key Lab of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 P.R. China Journal Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing Online ISSN 1432-0630 Print ISSN 0947-8396

Beschreibung:    We describe a novel ion-implantation method for fabricating a dichroic nanoparticle film by controlling the nucleation and growth of silver nanoparticles in fused silica. We first implant Sc and O ions into the silica substrate to create a high-index layer and modify the short- and intermediate-range order; this dual-implantation technique defines a sharper interface between the silica substrate and the nanoparticle layer. By modifying the short- and intermediate-range order in a thin layer of the silica matrix, Ag ions that are subsequently implanted are subject to altered diffusion and nucleation dynamics, yielding a bilayer structure comprising spatially separated regions of smaller and larger Ag nanoparticles. Depending on the implanted dose of Sc, the peak resonant wavelength in reflectivity can shift as much as 100 nm between front-side (implanted face) and back-side (non-implanted face) illumination. Implications for the optimization of bidirectional optical filters and optical cavities are discussed and compared to calculations of scattering efficiency based on Mie theory. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-8 DOI 10.1007/s00339-012-6827-4 Authors R. H. Magruder, Department of Chemistry and Physics, Belmont University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA S. Robinson, Department of Chemistry and Physics, Belmont University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA C. Smith, Department of Chemistry and Physics, Belmont University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA A. Meldrum, Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada R. F. Haglund, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA Journal Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing Online ISSN 1432-0630 Print ISSN 0947-8396

Beschreibung:    Most previous studies have employed surface patterning to improve the performance of lubrication systems. However, few have experimentally analyzed improved effects on friction reduction in SiC mechanical seals by ultra-fast laser pulse texturing. This work applies surface texturing on a non-contact mechanical seal and analyzes the characteristics of the resultant surface morphology. A femtosecond laser system is employed to fabricate micro/nanostructures on the SiC mechanical seal, and generates microscale-depth stripes and induces nanostructures on the seal surface. This work examines the morphology and cross section of the SiC nanostructures that correspond to the different scanning speeds of the laser pulse. Results show that varying the scanning speed enables the application of nanostructures of different amplitudes and widths on the surface of the seal. The friction coefficient of the introduced SiC full-textured seal is about 20% smaller than that of a conventional SiC mechanical seal. Hence, femtosecond laser texturing is effective and enables direct fabrication of the surface micro/nanostructures of SiC seals. This technique also serves as a potential approach to lubricating applications. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-6 DOI 10.1007/s00339-012-6822-9 Authors Chien-Yu Chen, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 70101 Taiwan, R.O.C. Chung-Jen Chung, Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101 Taiwan, R.O.C. Bo-Hsiung Wu, Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101 Taiwan, R.O.C. Wang-Long Li, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, 70101 Taiwan, R.O.C. Chih-Wei Chien, Laser Application Technology Center, ITRI South, Industrial Technology, Research Institute, Tainan, 73445 Taiwan, R.O.C. Ping-Han Wu, Laser Application Technology Center, ITRI South, Industrial Technology, Research Institute, Tainan, 73445 Taiwan, R.O.C. Chung-Wei Cheng, Laser Application Technology Center, ITRI South, Industrial Technology, Research Institute, Tainan, 73445 Taiwan, R.O.C. Journal Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing Online ISSN 1432-0630 Print ISSN 0947-8396

Beschreibung:    Advanced applications of glass span the range from biomedical technology to special optical lenses to mobile phones and computers. Such advanced applications demand high-precision machining, which is like multiple single scratches occurring simultaneously on the glass surface. However, in spite of the wealth of literature on scratch deformation behavior of glass there is no significant information available on whether the nanomechanical properties are affected inside the scratch grooves. Therefore, nanoindentation experiments were deliberately conducted at a fixed load of 100 mN through the scratch grooves made at various applied normal loads (5–15 N) at a constant speed of 200 μm s −1 on polished soda–lime–silica (SLS) glass slides. The results showed that depending upon the applied normal load used to generate the scratch grooves, the nanohardness and Young’s modulus inside the scratch grooves decreased by about ∼30–60% from the corresponding data of the undamaged SLS glass due to the presence of sub-surface shear deformation and microcracking as observed by optical, scanning and field emission scanning electron microscopy. A model for microcracked brittle solids was utilized to explain these results. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-6 DOI 10.1007/s00339-012-6828-3 Authors Payel Bandyopadhyay, CSIR—Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata, 700032 India Arjun Dey, CSIR—Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata, 700032 India Sudakshina Roy, CSIR—Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata, 700032 India Nitai Dey, CSIR—Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata, 700032 India Anoop Kumar Mukhopadhyay, CSIR—Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata, 700032 India Journal Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing Online ISSN 1432-0630 Print ISSN 0947-8396

Beschreibung:    The introduction of porosity into ferroelectric ceramics has been of great interest in recent years. In particular, studies of porous lead-zirconate-titanate ceramic (PZT) have been made. In the research reported, samples of Ferroperm Pz27 with porosities of 20, 25 and 30% were studied. Very complete measurements were made of all of the physical properties relevant for ferroelectric applications including thermal conductivity and diffusivity, heat capacity, dielectric, pyroelectric, piezoelectric and elastic properties. Scanning electron micrographs indicated a change from 3-0 to 3-3 connectivity with increasing porosity. Although most of the physical properties are degraded by the presence of porosity, both piezoelectric and pyroelectric figures-of-merit are improved because of the markedly reduced relative permittivity. Porous ferroelectric ceramics are very promising materials for a number of applications. Content Type Journal Article Category Invited paper Pages 1-8 DOI 10.1007/s00339-012-6846-1 Authors Sidney B. Lang, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer Sheva, Israel Erling Ringgaard, Meggitt Sensing Systems, Hejreskovvej 18A, 3490 Kvistgård, Denmark Journal Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing Online ISSN 1432-0630 Print ISSN 0947-8396

Beschreibung:    CdS quantum dot (QD) sensitized TiO 2 nanorod array (NRA) film electrodes with different rod geometries were fabricated via a solvothermal route followed by a sequentialchemical bath deposition (S-CBD) process. By controlling the solution growth conditions, the rod geometries, especially the tip structures, of the TiO 2 NRAs were tuned. The results indicated that the vertically aligned hierarchical NRAs possessed conically shaped tip geometry, which was favorable for film electrodes due to the reduced reflectance, enhanced light harvesting, fast charge-carrier separation and transfer, suppression of carrier recombination, sufficient electrolyte penetration and subsequent efficient QD assembly. CdS QD sensitized TiO 2 NRA film electrodes with tapered tips exhibited an enhanced photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance, a photocurrent intensity of 5.13 mA/cm 2 at a potential of 0 V vs. saturated calomel electrode, an open-circuit potential of −0.68 V vs. saturated calomel electrode and an incident photon to current conversion efficiency (IPCE) of 22% in the visible-light region from 400 to 500 nm. The effects of rod geometry on the optical absorption, reflectance, hydrophilic properties and PEC performance of bare TiO 2 and CdS QD sensitized TiO 2 NRA film electrodes were investigated. The mechanism of charge-carrier generation and transfer in these CdS QD sensitized solar cells based on vertically aligned TiO 2 nanorods is discussed. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-11 DOI 10.1007/s00339-012-6825-6 Authors Jing Zhou, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 P.R. China Bin Song, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 P.R. China Gaoling Zhao, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 P.R. China Weixia Dong, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 P.R. China Gaorong Han, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 P.R. China Journal Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing Online ISSN 1432-0630 Print ISSN 0947-8396

Beschreibung:    Previously we have reported the existence of small-amplitude charge pulses in crosslinked Polyethylene (XLPE) and epoxy resin with a mobility several orders of magnitude higher than that found for the incoherent charge transport relevant to the steady state current. Here the relationship of this phenomenon to mechanical relaxation in the material is investigated by using a series of epoxy resin nanocomposites based on a resin that has its flexibility increased above that of the fully cured glassy epoxy network by the addition of a suitable flexibilizing chemical. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) measurements show that the stiffness of the nanocomposite is progressively increased as the nanoparticle concentration increases. Pulsed Electro-Acoustic (PEA) measurements reveal that both positive and negative fast charge pulses exist in the unfilled epoxy at 45 and 70°C under a field of 10 kV/mm with mobility 5×10 −10 to 9×10 −10 m 2  V −1  s −1 , amplitude between 2×10 −5 and 3.6×10 −5 C m −2 and repetition rates between 8 and 12 s −1 . These values are reduced progressively as the nanoparticle concentration is increased from 0% in the unfilled epoxy. A  β -mode mechanical relaxation is identified in the loss modulus by Dynamical Mechanical Analysis (DMA), whose activation energy moves to higher values with increasing nanoparticle concentration. It is shown that the repetition rates of both positive and negative pulses have similar values and are correlated with the β -mode activation energy; a similar correlation is found for the activation energy of the mobility of positive pulses. The correlation of the activation energy of the mobility of negative pulses and that of the β -mode is weaker although both show a progressive increase with nanoparticle concentration. The modification of the fast charge pulse properties by the mechanical stiffness of the epoxy nanocomposite is discussed in terms of the theory presented previously for their formation and transport. Content Type Journal Article Category Invited paper Pages 1-13 DOI 10.1007/s00339-012-6845-2 Authors G. C. Montanari, LIMAT-DIE, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy M. Xu, LIMAT-DIE, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy D. Fabiani, LIMAT-DIE, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy L. A. Dissado, Department of Engineering, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK Journal Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing Online ISSN 1432-0630 Print ISSN 0947-8396

Beschreibung:    The electrocaloric effect (ECE) of poly (vinyledene fluoride–trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF–TrFE)) 55/45 mol% copolymers was directly measured, which confirms the results deduced from Maxwell relation. The adiabatic temperature change Δ T under a given electric field peaks at the ferroelectric–paraelectric (FE–PE) transition. Away from it, ECE becomes small. Δ T versus applied electric field can be described well by a modified Belov–Goryaga equation. The ECE in ferroelectric polymers, especially near FE–PE transition where larger ECE is observed, are analyzed under different boundary conditions employing phenomenological theory and constitutive equations. The secondary pyroelectricity is found to play a significant role which enhances ECE in ferroelectric polymers. Content Type Journal Article Category Invited paper Pages 1-8 DOI 10.1007/s00339-012-6830-9 Authors S. G. Lu, Materials Research Institute and Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA B. Rozic, Jozef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia Q. M. Zhang, Materials Research Institute and Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA Z. Kutnjak, Jozef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia R. Pirc, Jozef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia Journal Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing Online ISSN 1432-0630 Print ISSN 0947-8396

Beschreibung:    Surface photovoltage is used to study the dynamics of photogenerated carriers which are transported through a highly interconnected three-dimensional network of indium phosphide nanowires. Through the nanowire network charge transport is possible over distances far in excess of the nanowire lengths. Surface photovoltage was measured within a region 10.5–14.5 mm from the focus of the illumination, which was chopped at a range of frequencies from 15 Hz to 30 kHz. Carrier dynamics were modeled by approximating the nanowire network as a thin film, then fitted to experiment suggesting diffusion of electrons and holes at approximately 75% of the bulk value in InP but with significantly reduced built-in fields, presumably due to screening by nanowire surfaces. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-5 DOI 10.1007/s00339-012-6810-0 Authors Andrew J. Lohn, Baskin School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA Nobuhiko P. Kobayashi, Baskin School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA Journal Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing Online ISSN 1432-0630 Print ISSN 0947-8396

Beschreibung:    This study examines the Indian summer monsoon hydroclimate in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)-Department of Energy (DOE) Reanalysis (R2), the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), and the Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA). The three reanalyses show significant differences in the climatology of evaporation, low-level winds, and precipitable water fields over India. For example, the continental evaporation is significantly less in CFSR compared to R2 and MERRA. Likewise the mean boreal summer 925 hPa westerly winds in the northern Indian Ocean are stronger in R2. Similarly the continental precipitable water in R2 is much less while it is higher and comparable in MERRA and CFSR. Despite these climatological differences between the reanalyses, the climatological evaporative sources for rain events over central India show some qualitative similarities. Major differences however appear when interannual variations of the Indian summer monsoon are analyzed. The anomalous oceanic sources of moisture from the adjacent Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea play a significant role in determining the wet or dry year of the Indian monsoon in CFSR. However in R2 the local evaporative sources from the continental region play a more significant role. We also find that the interannual variability of the evaporative sources in the break spells of the intraseasonal variations of the Indian monsoon is stronger than in the wet spells. We therefore claim that instead of rainfall, evaporative sources may be a more appropriate metric to observe the relationship between the seasonal monsoon strength and intraseasonal activity. These findings are consistent across the reanalyses and provide a basis to improve the predictability of intraseasonal variability of the Indian monsoon. This study also has a bearing on improving weather prediction for tropical cyclones in that we suggest targeting enhanced observations in the Bay of Bengal (where it is drawing the most moisture from) for improved analysis during active spells of the intraseasonal variability of the Indian monsoon. The analysis suggests that the land–atmosphere interactions contribute significant uncertainty to the Indian monsoon in the reanalyses, which is consistent with the fact that most of the global reanalyses do not assimilate any land-surface data because the data are not available. Therefore, the land–atmosphere interaction in the reanalyses is highly dependent on the land-surface model and it’s coupling with the atmospheric model. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-20 DOI 10.1007/s00382-012-1319-y Authors Vasubandhu Misra, Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA P. Pantina, Science Systems and Application, Inc., 10210 Greenbelt Road, Ste. 600, Lanham, MD 20706, USA S. C. Chan, School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK S. DiNapoli, Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA Journal Climate Dynamics Online ISSN 1432-0894 Print ISSN 0930-7575

Beschreibung:    This work uses a WRF numerical simulation from 1960 to 2005 performed at a high horizontal resolution (2 km) to analyze the surface wind variability over a complex terrain region located in northern Iberia. A shorter slice of this simulation has been used in a previous study to demonstrate the ability of the WRF model in reproducing the observed wind variability during the period 1992–2005. Learning from that validation exercise, the extended simulation is herein used to inspect the wind behavior where and when observations are not available and to determine the main synoptic mechanisms responsible for the surface wind variability. A principal component analysis was applied to the daily mean wind. Two principal modes of variation accumulate a large percentage of the wind variability (83.7%). The first mode reflects the channeling of the flow between the large mountain systems in northern Iberia modulated by the smaller topographic features of the region. The second mode further contributes to stress the differentiated wind behavior over the mountains and valleys. Both modes show significant contributions at the higher frequencies during the whole analyzed period, with different contributions at lower frequencies during the different decades. A strong relationship was found between these two modes and the zonal and meridional large scale pressure gradients over the area. This relationship is described in the context of the influence of standard circulation modes relevant in the European region like the North Atlantic Oscillation, the East Atlantic pattern, East Atlantic/Western Russia pattern, and the Scandinavian pattern. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-14 DOI 10.1007/s00382-012-1326-z Authors Pedro A. Jiménez, Departamento de Astrofísica y CC, de la Atmósfera, Faculatad de CC, Físicas, UCM, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain J. Fidel González-Rouco, Departamento de Astrofísica y CC, de la Atmósfera, Faculatad de CC, Físicas, UCM, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain Juan P. Montávez, Departamento de Física, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain E. García-Bustamante, Department of Geography, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany J. Navarro, División de Energías Renovables, CIEMAT, 28040 Madrid, Spain J. Dudhia, Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology Division, NCAR, Boulder, CO, USA Journal Climate Dynamics Online ISSN 1432-0894 Print ISSN 0930-7575

Beschreibung:    The water vapour feedback probably makes the largest contribution to climate sensitivity, and the second-largest contribution to its uncertainty, in the sense of disagreement between General Circulation Models (GCMs, the most physically detailed models of climate we have). Yet there has been no quantification of it which allows these differences to be attributed physically with the aim of constraining the true value. This paper develops a new breakdown of the non-cloud LW (longwave) response to climate change, which avoids the problems of the conventional breakdown, and applies it to a set of 4 GCMs. The basic physical differences are that temperature is used as the vertical coordinate, and relative humidity as the humidity variable. In this framework the different GCMs’ feedbacks look more alike, consistent with our understanding that their water vapour responses are physically very similar. Also, in the global mean all the feedback components have the same sign, allowing us to conveniently attribute the overall response fractionally (e.g. about 60% from the “partly-Simpsonian” component). The systematic cancellation between different feedback components in the conventional breakdown is lost, so now a difference in a feedback component actually contributes to a difference in climate sensitivity, and the differences between these GCMs in the non-cloud LW part of this can be traced to differences in formulation, mean climate and climate change response. Physical effects such as those due to variations in the formulation of LW radiative transfer become visible. Differences in the distribution of warming no longer dominate comparison of GCMs. The largest component depends locally only on the GCM’s mean climate, so it can in principle be calculated for the real world and validated. However, components dependent on the climate change response probably account for most of the variation between GCMs. The effect of simply changing the humidity variable in the conventional breakdown is also examined. It gives some of this improvement—the loss of the cancellations that leave the conventional breakdown of no use to understand differences between GCMs’ climate sensitivities—but not the link to mean climate. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-12 DOI 10.1007/s00382-012-1294-3 Authors William Ingram, Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics, Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU UK Journal Climate Dynamics Online ISSN 1432-0894 Print ISSN 0930-7575

Beschreibung:    This work studies the resonant behavior of nanoscale magnetic materials. This behavior, henceforth referred to as magnetostatic resonance, occurs at frequencies where the permeability is negative and the particle is much smaller than the wavelength. A surface integral equation is formulated on the boundary of the particle to calculate the resonance frequencies and modes. Unique physical properties of these resonances such as scale invariance of resonance frequency and orthogonality properties of resonant modes are studied. A numerical technique is presented to calculate the magnetostatic resonance frequencies of an arbitrary shape. Possible applications of these phenomena are outlined. Content Type Journal Article Category Invited paper Pages 1-4 DOI 10.1007/s00339-012-6767-z Authors A. Kabiri, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Harvard, MA 02138, USA L. Talbi, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Quebec, Quebec, Canada O. M. Ramahi, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Journal Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing Online ISSN 1432-0630 Print ISSN 0947-8396

Beschreibung:    In holographic femtosecond laser processing, diffractive parallel pulses are distorted by phase discontinuities and mutual interference between the neighborhoods in the reconstructed image of a Fourier computer-generated hologram when the interval is smaller than the beam diameter. We investigated holographic fabrication on a glass surface using parallel pulses with different intervals. We found the closest parallel pulses with sufficient separation to avoid mutual interference in holographic femtosecond laser processing. The minimum interval was 2.8 times larger than the diffracted beam diameter. The experimental results were also supported by a computer simulation. Our findings will be very useful in the design of holographic laser processing systems. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-6 DOI 10.1007/s00339-012-6801-1 Authors Yoshio Hayasaki, Center for Optical Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2 Yoto, Utsunomiya, 321-8585 Japan Maki Nishitani, Institute of Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima, 770-8506 Japan Hidetomo Takahashi, Institute of Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima, 770-8506 Japan Hirotsugu Yamamoto, Institute of Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima, 770-8506 Japan Akihiro Takita, Center for Optical Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2 Yoto, Utsunomiya, 321-8585 Japan Daichi Suzuki, Center for Optical Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2 Yoto, Utsunomiya, 321-8585 Japan Satoshi Hasegawa, Center for Optical Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2 Yoto, Utsunomiya, 321-8585 Japan Journal Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing Online ISSN 1432-0630 Print ISSN 0947-8396

Beschreibung:    Ag:ZnO hybrid nanostructures were successfully prepared by a twice arc discharge method in liquid. The visible light photocatalytic activities were successfully demonstrated for the degradation of Rhodamine B (Rh. B), Methyl orange (MO), and Methylene blue (MB) as standard organic compounds under the irradiation of 90 W halogen light for 2 h. The Ag:ZnO nanostructures were characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis). The results revealed that the Ag:ZnO nanostructures extended the light absorption spectrum toward the visible region and significantly enhanced the Rh. B photodegradation under visible light irradiation. 3 mM Ag:ZnO nanostructures exhibited highest photocatalytic efficiency. It has been confirmed that the Ag:ZnO nanostructures could be excited by visible light ( E 〈3.3 eV). The significant enhancement in the Ag:ZnO nanostructures photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation can be ascribed to the effect of physisorbed noble metal Ag by acting as electron traps in ZnO band gap. A mechanism for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutant over Ag:ZnO photocatalyst was proposed based on our observations. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-10 DOI 10.1007/s00339-012-6797-6 Authors Ali Akbar Ashkarran, Plasma Physics Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box: 14665-678, Tehran, Iran Journal Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing Online ISSN 1432-0630 Print ISSN 0947-8396

Beschreibung:    We characterized the conduction mechanisms in thin sputtered films of three representative binary Me–O (Me=Ta, W, and Nb) systems as a function of oxygen content, by combining in situ chemical state and electronic band structure studies from X-ray photoemission with temperature-dependent transport measurements. Despite certain differences, these amorphous films all displayed Fermi glass behavior following an oxidation-induced transition from metallic to hopping conduction, down to a sub-percolation threshold. The electron localization estimated from the band structure was in good agreement with that from the transport measurements, and the two were used to construct phase diagrams of conduction in the degree of oxidation-conductivity coordinates, which should prove important in the design of resistive switching and other electronic devices. Content Type Journal Article Category Invited paper Pages 1-11 DOI 10.1007/s00339-012-6856-z Authors I. Goldfarb, Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, 1501 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA F. Miao, Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, 1501 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA J. Joshua Yang, Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, 1501 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA W. Yi, Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, 1501 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA J. P. Strachan, Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, 1501 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA M.-X. Zhang, Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, 1501 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA M. D. Pickett, Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, 1501 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA G. Medeiros-Ribeiro, Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, 1501 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA R. Stanley Williams, Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, 1501 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA Journal Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing Online ISSN 1432-0630 Print ISSN 0947-8396

Beschreibung:    The MJO modulation of sea surface chlorophyll-a (Chl) examined initially by Waliser et al. in Geophys Res Lett, ( 2005 ) is revisited with a significantly longer time-series of observations and a more systematic approach to characterizing the possible mechanisms underlying the MJO-Chl relationships. The MJO composite analysis of Chl and lead-lag correlations between Chl and other physical variables reveal regional variability of Chl and corresponding indicative temporal relationships among variables. Along the path of the MJO convection, wind speed—a proxy for oceanic vertical turbulent mixing and corresponding entrainment—is most strongly correlated with Chl when wind leads Chl by a few days. Composite Chl also displays MJO influences away from the path of the MJO convection. The role of wind speed in those regions is generally the same for Chl variability as that along the path of the MJO convection, although Ekman pumping also plays a role in generating Chl variability in limited regions. However, the wind forcing away from the MJO convection path is less coherent, rendering the temporal link relatively weak. Lastly, the potential for bio-physical feedbacks at the MJO time-scale is examined. The correlation analysis provides tantalizing evidence for local bio-feedbacks to the physical MJO system. Plausible hypothesis for Chl to amplify the MJO phase transition is presented though it cannot be affirmed in this study and will be examined and reported in a future modeling study. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-20 DOI 10.1007/s00382-012-1321-4 Authors Daeho Jin, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA Duane E. Waliser, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA Charles Jones, Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA Raghu Murtugudde, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA Journal Climate Dynamics Online ISSN 1432-0894 Print ISSN 0930-7575

Beschreibung:    A principal component decomposition of monthly sea surface temperature (SST) variability in the tropical Pacific Ocean demonstrates that nearly all of the linear trends during 1950–2010 are found in two leading patterns. The first SST pattern is strongly related to the canonical El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) pattern. The second pattern shares characteristics with the first pattern and its existence solely depends on the presence of linear trends across the tropical Pacific Ocean. The decomposition also uncovers a third pattern, often referred to as ENSO Modoki, but the linear trend is small and dataset dependent over the full 61-year record and is insignificant within each season. ENSO Modoki is also reflected in the equatorial zonal SST gradient between the Niño-4 region, located in the west-central Pacific, and the Niño-3 region in the eastern Pacific. It is only in this zonal SST gradient that a marginally significant trend arises early in the Northern Hemisphere spring (March–May) during El Niño and La Niña and also in the late summer (July–September) during El Niño. Yet these SST trends in the zonal gradient do not unequivocally represent an ENSO Modoki-like dipole because they are exclusively associated with significant positive SST trends in either the eastern or western Pacific, with no corresponding significant negative trends. Insignificant trends in the zonal SST gradient are evident during the boreal wintertime months when ENSO events typically mature. Given the presence of positive SST trends across much of the equatorial Pacific Ocean, using fixed SST anomaly thresholds to define ENSO events likely needs to be reconsidered. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-14 DOI 10.1007/s00382-012-1331-2 Authors Michelle L. L’Heureux, NOAA Climate Prediction Center, 5200 Auth Rd, Rm 605, Camp Springs, MD 20746, USA Dan C. Collins, NOAA Climate Prediction Center, 5200 Auth Rd, Rm 605, Camp Springs, MD 20746, USA Zeng-Zhen Hu, NOAA Climate Prediction Center, 5200 Auth Rd, Rm 605, Camp Springs, MD 20746, USA Journal Climate Dynamics Online ISSN 1432-0894 Print ISSN 0930-7575

Beschreibung:    The role of defects in the room temperature ferromagnetism of the Co–ZnO based diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) was investigated by co-doping the DMS with Na. The structure characterizations indicate that both Na and Co ions enter into the ZnO lattice without the formation of secondary phase. The oxygen vacancy of ZnCoNaO increased while the carrier concentration decreased compared with that of ZnCoO, leading to the enhancement of the ferromagnetic property in the ZnCoNaO. The observed ferromagnetism introduced by Na ions is attributed to the exchange interaction via the electron trapped oxygen vacancies coupled with the magnetic Co ions. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-5 DOI 10.1007/s00339-012-6824-7 Authors Hao Gu, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China Yinzhu Jiang, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China Yongbing Xu, York Laboratory of Spintronics and Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, The University of York, York, YO10 5DD UK Mi Yan, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China Journal Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing Online ISSN 1432-0630 Print ISSN 0947-8396

Beschreibung:    Ferro- or piezoelectrets are dielectric materials with two elastically very different macroscopic phases and electrically charged interfaces between them. One of the newer piezoelectret variants is a system of two fluoroethylenepropylene (FEP) films that are first laminated around a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) template. Then, by removing the PTFE template, a two-layer FEP structure with open tubular channels is obtained. After electrical charging, the channels form easily deformable macroscopic electric dipoles whose changes under mechanical or electrical stress lead to significant direct or inverse piezoelectricity, respectively. Here, different PTFE templates are employed to generate channel geometries that vary in height or width. It is shown that the control of the channel geometry allows a direct adjustment of the resonance frequencies in the tubular-channel piezoelectrets. By combining several different channel widths in a single ferroelectret, it is possible to obtain multiple resonance peaks that may lead to a rather flat frequency-response region of the transducer material. A phenomenological relation between the resonance frequency and the geometrical parameters of a tubular channel is also presented. This relation may help to design piezoelectrets with a specific frequency response. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-6 DOI 10.1007/s00339-012-6848-z Authors Ruy Alberto Pisani Altafim, Department of Electrical Engineering, Engineering School of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil Ruy Alberto Corrêa Altafim, Department of Electrical Engineering, Engineering School of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil Xunlin Qiu, Applied Condensed-Matter Physics, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany Sebastian Raabe, Applied Condensed-Matter Physics, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany Werner Wirges, Applied Condensed-Matter Physics, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany Heitor Cury Basso, Department of Electrical Engineering, Engineering School of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil Reimund Gerhard, Applied Condensed-Matter Physics, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany Journal Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing Online ISSN 1432-0630 Print ISSN 0947-8396

Beschreibung:    The impact of climate warming on the upper layer of the Bering Sea is investigated by using a high-resolution coupled global climate model. The model is forced by increasing atmospheric CO 2 at a rate of 1% per year until CO 2 reaches double its initial value (after 70 years), after which it is held constant. In response to this forcing, the upper layer of the Bering Sea warms by about 2°C in the southeastern shelf and by a little more than 1°C in the western basin. The wintertime ventilation to the permanent thermocline weakens in the western Bering Sea. After CO 2 doubling, the southeastern shelf of the Bering Sea becomes almost ice-free in March, and the stratification of the upper layer strengthens in May and June. Changes of physical condition due to the climate warming would impact the pre-condition of spring bio-productivity in the southeastern shelf. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-14 DOI 10.1007/s00382-012-1301-8 Authors Hyun-Chul Lee, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA Thomas L. Delworth, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA Anthony Rosati, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA Rong Zhang, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA Whit G. Anderson, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA Fanrong Zeng, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA Charles A. Stock, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA Anand Gnanadesikan, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA Keith W. Dixon, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA Stephen M. Griffies, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA Journal Climate Dynamics Online ISSN 1432-0894 Print ISSN 0930-7575

Beschreibung:    The morphological manipulation, structural characterization, and optical properties of different CdSe nanocrystals were reported. Several different CdSe nanostructures, including nanowires, tetrapod crystals, and nanoparticles were grown by varying the volume ratio of triethylenetetraamine (TETA) and water (WA) in their mixed solution. By manipulating the growth driving force (i.e., the degree of supersaturation) and kinetics of the process (i.e., growth rate), the morphology and crystal structure of CdSe nanocrystals can be tailored. Growth driving force changed their morphology from nanowires to tetrapod structures and from the latter structure to nanoparticles. Moreover, kinetics of the process altered their crystal structure from wurtzite to zinc blende. The optical property of CdSe nanocrystals was investigated using UV-vis spectroscopy. The absorption edge of CdSe nanostructures showed a blue shift. CdSe nanocrystals prepared under optimized conditions showed good microstructural and optical properties for solar cell application. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-6 DOI 10.1007/s00339-012-6789-6 Authors M. R. Mohammadi, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Street, Tehran, Iran V. Zarghami, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Street, Tehran, Iran D. J. Fray, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, UK Journal Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing Online ISSN 1432-0630 Print ISSN 0947-8396

Beschreibung:    Free-standing optoelectronic graphene–CdS–graphene oxide (G–CdS–GO) composite papers were prepared by vacuum-assisted self-assembly. G–CdS hybrids were first prepared by a hydrothermal method and GO acts as a dispersant which makes it easier to disperse them to form relatively stable aqueous suspensions for fabricating paper. Transmission electron microscopy shows that CdS quantum dots (QDs) with an average size of approximately 1–2 nm were distributed uniformly on the graphene sheets. Photoluminescence measurements for the as-prepared G–CdS–GO composite paper showed that the surface defect related emissions of attached CdS QDs decrease and blue shift obviously due to the change in particle size and the interaction of the surface of the CdS QDs with both the GO and the graphene sheets. The resulting paper holds great potential for applications in thin film solar cells, sensors, diodes, and so on. Content Type Journal Article Category Rapid communication Pages 1-6 DOI 10.1007/s00339-012-6774-0 Authors Yong-Feng Li, Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001 China Yan-Zhen Liu, Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001 China Wen-Zhong Shen, Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001 China Yong-Gang Yang, Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001 China Mao-Zhang Wang, Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001 China Yue-Fang Wen, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China Journal Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing Online ISSN 1432-0630 Print ISSN 0947-8396

Beschreibung:    Surface temperatures are projected to increase 3–4°C over much of Africa by the end of the 21st century. Precipitation projections are less certain, but the most plausible scenario given by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is that the Sahel and East Africa will experience modest increases (~5%) in precipitation by the end of the 21st century. Evapotranspiration (E a ) is an important component of the water, energy, and biogeochemical cycles that impact several climate properties, processes, and feedbacks. The interaction of E a with climate change drivers remains relatively unexplored in Africa. In this paper, we examine the trends in E a , precipitation (P), daily maximum temperature (T max ), and daily minimum temperature (T min ) on a seasonal basis using a 31 year time series of variable infiltration capacity (VIC) land surface model (LSM) E a . The VIC model captured the magnitude, variability, and structure of observed runoff better than other LSMs and a hybrid model included in the analysis. In addition, we examine the inter-correlations of E a , P, T max , and T min to determine relationships and potential feedbacks. Unlike many IPCC climate change simulations, the historical analysis reveals substantial drying over much of the Sahel and East Africa during the primary growing season. In the western Sahel, large increases in daily maximum temperature appear linked to E a declines, despite modest rainfall recovery. The decline in E a and latent heating in this region could lead to increased sensible heating and surface temperature, thus establishing a possible positive feedback between E a and surface temperature. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-17 DOI 10.1007/s00382-012-1299-y Authors Michael Marshall, Department of Geography, Climate Hazards Group, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA Christopher Funk, US Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, Department of Geography, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA Joel Michaelsen, Department of Geography, Climate Hazards Group, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA Journal Climate Dynamics Online ISSN 1432-0894 Print ISSN 0930-7575

Beschreibung:    In this study, a new approach for extracting flow-dependent empirical singular vectors (FESVs) for seasonal prediction using ensemble perturbations obtained from an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) assimilation is presented. Due to the short interval between analyses, EnKF perturbations primarily contain instabilities related to fast weather variability. To isolate slower, coupled instabilities that would be more suitable for seasonal prediction, an empirical linear operator for seasonal time-scales (i.e. several months) is formulated using a causality hypothesis; then, the most unstable mode from the linear operator is extracted for seasonal time-scales. It is shown that the flow-dependent operator represents nonlinear integration results better than a conventional empirical linear operator static in time. Through 20 years of retrospective seasonal predictions, it is shown that the skill of forecasting equatorial SST anomalies using the FESV is systematically improved over that using Conventional ESV (CESV). For example, the correlation skill of the NINO3 SST index using FESV is higher, by about 0.1, than that of CESV at 8-month leads. In addition, the forecast skill improvement is significant over the locations where the correlation skill of conventional methods is relatively low, indicating that the FESV is effective where the initial uncertainty is large. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-12 DOI 10.1007/s00382-012-1302-7 Authors Yoo-Geun Ham, Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA/GSFC Code 610.1, Greenbelt, MD, USA Michele M. Rienecker, Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA/GSFC Code 610.1, Greenbelt, MD, USA Journal Climate Dynamics Online ISSN 1432-0894 Print ISSN 0930-7575

Beschreibung:    This paper reports on a study of the Seebeck coefficient and power factor κ of p -Bi 2 − x Sb x Te 3 solid solutions with different contents of antimony atoms in the bismuth sublattice for x = 0, 1.4, 1.5, and 1.6 under variation of pressure of up to 15 GPa. The magnitude of κ has been found to grow nonmonotonically within the pressure region of 2–4 GPa. The effective mass of the density of states m / m 0 and the mobility μ 0 have been calculated with due account of degeneracy within the parabolic model of the energy spectrum assuming isotropic charge carrier scattering. It has been shown that application of pressure brings about a decrease of the effective mass m / m 0 and an increase of carrier mobility. The power factor κ of the p -Bi 0.6 Sb 1.4 Te 3 composition exhibits at the pressure P ≈ 4 GPa the largest increase of the power factor κ as a result of a weak decrease of the effective mass m / m 0 and an increase of carrier mobility as compared to the other solid solution compositions. The specific feature of the variation of the power factor κ with a change of the pressure in bismuth telluride near P ≈ 3 GPa, which is accompanied by formation of a knee in the m / m 0 vs. P dependence, can be assigned to an electronic topological transition. Content Type Journal Article Category Semiconductors Pages 261-266 DOI 10.1134/S1063783412020254 Authors S. V. Ovsyannikov, Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Sofii Kovalevskoi 18, Yekaterinburg, 620990 Russia Yu. A. Grigor’eva, Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Sofii Kovalevskoi 18, Yekaterinburg, 620990 Russia G. V. Vorontsov, Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Sofii Kovalevskoi 18, Yekaterinburg, 620990 Russia L. N. Luk’yanova, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Politekhnicheskaya ul. 26, St. Petersburg, 194021 Russia V. A. Kutasov, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Politekhnicheskaya ul. 26, St. Petersburg, 194021 Russia V. V. Shchennikov, Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Sofii Kovalevskoi 18, Yekaterinburg, 620990 Russia Journal Physics of the Solid State Online ISSN 1090-6460 Print ISSN 1063-7834 Journal Volume Volume 54 Journal Issue Volume 54, Number 2

Beschreibung:    Neutron diffraction studies of many magnetoelectrics and corresponding symmetry analysis indicate that the description of their magnetic structures requires of invoking two or more order parameters, so that the temperature proximity of their “condensation” has to be postulated when constructing a consistent thermodynamic theory. In this work, MnWO 4 , CuO, and CuCl 2 magnetoelectrics are analyzed from the standpoint of symmetry of the exchange Hamiltonian. The magnetically ordering states observed in them are shown to be induced by one irreducible representation of the symmetry group of the exchange Hamiltonian. This fact provides the proximity of corresponding instabilities in the thermodynamic path and some features of magnetoelectrics. Content Type Journal Article Category Magnetism Pages 311-315 DOI 10.1134/S106378341202028X Authors V. P. Sakhnenko, Research Institute of Physics, Southern Federal University, pr. Stachki 194, Rostov-on-Don, 344090 Russia N. V. Ter-Oganessian, Research Institute of Physics, Southern Federal University, pr. Stachki 194, Rostov-on-Don, 344090 Russia Journal Physics of the Solid State Online ISSN 1090-6460 Print ISSN 1063-7834 Journal Volume Volume 54 Journal Issue Volume 54, Number 2

Beschreibung:    Dispersion properties of circularly polarized eigenwaves propagating in the “semiconductor-magnet” layered periodic structure along the axis of its periodicity and external magnetic field have been considered. The possibility of controlling the effective material parameters of the structure and the feasibility of negative refractive index for the wave with right (resonant) circular polarization has been shown. High magneto-optical activity of this gyrotropic structure has been ascertained, which leads to large Faraday rotation angles if the structure is in the state of “left-handed” medium. Content Type Journal Article Category Optical Properties Pages 332-337 DOI 10.1134/S1063783412020035 Authors S. A. Afanas’ev, Ulyanovsk State University, ul. L. Tolstogo 42, Ulyanovsk, 432970 Russia D. G. Sannikov, Ulyanovsk State University, ul. L. Tolstogo 42, Ulyanovsk, 432970 Russia D. I. Sementsov, Ulyanovsk State University, ul. L. Tolstogo 42, Ulyanovsk, 432970 Russia Journal Physics of the Solid State Online ISSN 1090-6460 Print ISSN 1063-7834 Journal Volume Volume 54 Journal Issue Volume 54, Number 2

Beschreibung:    The interaction of ytterbium nanofilms evaporated on tungsten substrates with oxygen has been studied by Auger electron spectroscopy, thermal desorption spectroscopy, and contact potential difference measurements. It has been shown that at room temperature, no oxide is formed in the above interaction. In place of the oxide, a chemisorbed layer of nondissociated O 2 molecules is formed on the surface of the ytterbium nanofilms. This layer modifies the ytterbium. This modification transforms ytterbium from the divalent state into the trivalent state. Content Type Journal Article Category Surface Physics and Thin Films Pages 404-408 DOI 10.1134/S106378341202014X Authors M. V. Kuz’min, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Politekhnicheskaya ul. 26, St. Petersburg, 194021 Russia M. A. Mittsev, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Politekhnicheskaya ul. 26, St. Petersburg, 194021 Russia Journal Physics of the Solid State Online ISSN 1090-6460 Print ISSN 1063-7834 Journal Volume Volume 54 Journal Issue Volume 54, Number 2

Beschreibung:    The behavior of the impedance spectra of island permalloy films prepared through vacuum evaporation onto optically polished glass-ceramic substrates has been investigated in the frequency range from 0.0001 to 100 MHz. A resistor-capacitor model of the films has been developed and the model parameters, for which there is a good agreement with experimental data on the frequency dependences of the real and imaginary components of the impedance, have been determined. The specific features in the behavior of the electrical and physical characteristics with variations in the thickness of the sample and the gap between the measuring electrodes have been investigated. It has been found that the relative permittivity of the films under investigation reaches values ɛ ∼ 10 7 –10 8 . The structural relaxation times have been calculated. Content Type Journal Article Category Low-Dimensional Systems Pages 360-367 DOI 10.1134/S1063783412020084 Authors B. A. Belyaev, Kirensky Institute of Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok 50-38, Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia N. A. Drokin, Kirensky Institute of Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok 50-38, Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia Journal Physics of the Solid State Online ISSN 1090-6460 Print ISSN 1063-7834 Journal Volume Volume 54 Journal Issue Volume 54, Number 2

Beschreibung:    The influence of the first-order phase transition on the parameters of the potential barrier at the indium/polymer interface has been investigated. It has been established that the phase transition occurring in the metal initiates switching of the polymer insulator into a high-conductivity state. Performed investigations have shown that the main charge transfer mechanism in the metal-polymer-metal structure at high temperatures is the current caused by the electron thermionic emission. The analysis of current-voltage characteristics has demonstrated that the first-order phase transition in indium leads to the variation in the potential barrier height at the metal/polymer interface by Δφ ≈ 0.18 eV. It is this phenomenon that is responsible for the electronic switching. Content Type Journal Article Category Metals Pages 243-247 DOI 10.1134/S1063783412020199 Authors I. R. Nabiullin, Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics, Ufa Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Oktyabrya 151, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 450075 Russia A. N. Lachinov, Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics, Ufa Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Oktyabrya 151, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 450075 Russia A. F. Ponomarev, Birsk State Socially-Pedagogical Academy, ul. Internatsionalnaya 10, Birsk, Republic of Bashkortostan, 452453 Russia Journal Physics of the Solid State Online ISSN 1090-6460 Print ISSN 1063-7834 Journal Volume Volume 54 Journal Issue Volume 54, Number 2

Beschreibung:    A model of electron transfer by tunneling between trapped electron and hole centers in crystals with hydrogen bonds under the conditions of thermostimulated mobility of one carrier type in the recombination process has been developed. The proposed model describes all features in the kinetics of induced optical density relaxation observed in nonlinear optical crystals of KH 2 PO 4 (KDP) and NH 4 H 2 PO 4 (ADP) on a wide temporal scale (10 −8 –10 s) under pulsed irradiation. The results of model calculations have been compared with experimental data on the photoinduced transient optical absorption (TOA) in KDP and ADP crystals in the visible and UV ranges. The nature of the radiation-induced defects, which account for the TOA, and the dependence of the TOA decay kinetics on the temperature, excitation power, and other experimental conditions have been considered. Content Type Journal Article Category Dielectrics Pages 273-278 DOI 10.1134/S1063783412020230 Authors I. N. Ogorodnikov, Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin (on the basis of Ural State Technical University-UPI), ul. Mira 19, Yekaterinburg, 620002 Russia M. S. Kiseleva, Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin (on the basis of Ural State Technical University-UPI), ul. Mira 19, Yekaterinburg, 620002 Russia Journal Physics of the Solid State Online ISSN 1090-6460 Print ISSN 1063-7834 Journal Volume Volume 54 Journal Issue Volume 54, Number 2

Beschreibung:    The differential magnetization of LaCoO 3 in magnetic fields of up to 500 T has been measured at a temperature of 4.2 K. The magnetization curve reveals several features which suggest a complex pattern of the transition of LaCoO 3 from the low-spin state to the high-spin state. The magnetic moment starts to grow in fields above 50 T to reach a plateau in the 130–240-T region, after which the magnetic moment continues to rise up to saturation in fields ∼500 T. Content Type Journal Article Category Magnetism Pages 279-282 DOI 10.1134/S1063783412020266 Authors V. V. Platonov, Russian Federal Nuclear Center-All-Russia Research Institute of Experimental Physics, pr. Mira 37, Sarov, Nizhni Novgorod oblast, 607188 Russia Yu. B. Kudasov, Russian Federal Nuclear Center-All-Russia Research Institute of Experimental Physics, pr. Mira 37, Sarov, Nizhni Novgorod oblast, 607188 Russia M. P. Monakhov, Russian Federal Nuclear Center-All-Russia Research Institute of Experimental Physics, pr. Mira 37, Sarov, Nizhni Novgorod oblast, 607188 Russia O. M. Tatsenko, Russian Federal Nuclear Center-All-Russia Research Institute of Experimental Physics, pr. Mira 37, Sarov, Nizhni Novgorod oblast, 607188 Russia Journal Physics of the Solid State Online ISSN 1090-6460 Print ISSN 1063-7834 Journal Volume Volume 54 Journal Issue Volume 54, Number 2

Beschreibung:    Molecular-mechanical and semiempirical quantum-mechanical methods have been applied to simulate and calculate a geometrically optimized structure of clusters of polymorphic types of silicon carbide, and their structural parameters and some properties (densities, sublimation energies) have been determined. A classification of silicon carbide phases has been proposed, which shows the possible existence of twenty one SiC phases whose atoms are at crystallographically equivalent sites. The structures of seventeen proposed silicon carbide phases have been described and studied for silicon carbide for the first time. Content Type Journal Article Category Atomic Clusters Pages 433-440 DOI 10.1134/S1063783412020072 Authors E. A. Belenkov, Chelyabinsk State University, ul. Br. Kashirinykh 129, Chelyabinsk, 454001 Russia E. N. Agalyamova, Chelyabinsk State University, ul. Br. Kashirinykh 129, Chelyabinsk, 454001 Russia V. A. Greshnyakov, Chelyabinsk State University, ul. Br. Kashirinykh 129, Chelyabinsk, 454001 Russia Journal Physics of the Solid State Online ISSN 1090-6460 Print ISSN 1063-7834 Journal Volume Volume 54 Journal Issue Volume 54, Number 2

Beschreibung:    The magnetic-field-induced optical alignment-orientation transition in a system of triplet bound excitons in a resonantly excited GaSe crystal has been studied using optical spectroscopy. It has been demonstrated that this effect can be assigned to a variation of the properties of Zeeman (spin) states of triplet excitons in a magnetic field, which initiates a change in the optical activity of these states in circularly and linearly polarized light. For the transition to become possible, the model requires that the electronic system of the crystal supports spin-orbit coupling. The approach employed permits the adequate description of experimental data, as well as calculation of the evolution of the effect during the bound-exciton lifetime. Content Type Journal Article Category Optical Properties Pages 338-345 DOI 10.1134/S1063783412020308 Authors A. N. Starukhin, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Politekhnicheskaya ul. 26, St. Petersburg, 194021 Russia D. K. Nelson, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Politekhnicheskaya ul. 26, St. Petersburg, 194021 Russia B. S. Razbirin, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Politekhnicheskaya ul. 26, St. Petersburg, 194021 Russia Journal Physics of the Solid State Online ISSN 1090-6460 Print ISSN 1063-7834 Journal Volume Volume 54 Journal Issue Volume 54, Number 2

Beschreibung:    It has been shown that the phase transitions observed at temperatures of about 250 K in crystals of protein amino acids and of their compounds grown from water solutions are related to drops of these solutions trapped by crystals in their growth. Content Type Journal Article Category Phase Transitions Pages 346-349 DOI 10.1134/S1063783412020163 Authors V. V. Lemanov, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Politekhnicheskaya ul. 26, St. Petersburg, 194021 Russia V. K. Yarmarkin, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Politekhnicheskaya ul. 26, St. Petersburg, 194021 Russia V. M. Egorov, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Politekhnicheskaya ul. 26, St. Petersburg, 194021 Russia G. A. Pankova, Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoi pr. 31, St. Petersburg, 199004 Russia N. V. Zaitseva, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Politekhnicheskaya ul. 26, St. Petersburg, 194021 Russia L. A. Markova, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Politekhnicheskaya ul. 26, St. Petersburg, 194021 Russia Journal Physics of the Solid State Online ISSN 1090-6460 Print ISSN 1063-7834 Journal Volume Volume 54 Journal Issue Volume 54, Number 2

Beschreibung:    The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC) is responsible for a climatically significant northward heat transport that is expected to decrease in response to anthropogenic global warming. Here, simulations from an ensemble of UK Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Models (HadGEM1, HadGEM2 and a 22 member perturbed physics ensemble of HadCM3-like models) are used to evaluate detection times for different MOC observing strategies. Six different detection statistics are compared, including direct observations of the MOC at two latitudes (26°N and 50°N) and several multivariate detection variables based on an optimal fingerprint of MOC change previously identified using HadCM3 (Vellinga and Wood in Geophys Res Lett 31(14):L14203, 2004 ). Using these models, and assuming perfectly observed conditions, we find no evidence to suggest that detection times would be significantly reduced by measuring the MOC at 50°N instead of (or in addition to) measurements at 26°N. Our results suggest that complementary observations of hydrographic properties in the North Atlantic may help reduce MOC detection times, but the benefits are not universal across models, nor as large as previously suggested. In addition, detection times calculated using optimal fingerprint methods are sensitive to the model-dependent estimates of covariances describing internal climate variability. This last result presents a strong case for deriving fingerprints of MOC change using dynamical/physical arguments, rather than statistical methods, in order to promote more robust results across a range of models. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-14 DOI 10.1007/s00382-012-1306-3 Authors Christopher D. Roberts, Met Office Hadley Centre, Fitzroy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB UK Matthew D. Palmer, Met Office Hadley Centre, Fitzroy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB UK Journal Climate Dynamics Online ISSN 1432-0894 Print ISSN 0930-7575

Beschreibung:    The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is observed to interact with moist Kelvin waves. To understand the role of this interaction, a simple scale-interaction model is built, which describes the MJO modulation of moist Kelvin waves and the feedback from moist Kelvin waves through upscale eddy heat and momentum transfer. The backward-tilted moist Kelvin waves produce eddy momentum transfer (EMT) characterized by the lower-tropospheric westerly winds and eddy heat transfer (EHT) that warms the mid-troposphere. The EHT tends to induce the lower-tropospheric easterly winds and low pressure, which is located in front of the “westerly wind burst” induced by the EMT. Adding the eddy forcing to a neutral MJO skeleton model, we show that the EHT provides an instability source for the MJO by warming up the mid-troposphere, and the EMT offers an additional instability source by enhancing the lower-tropospheric westerly winds. The eddy forcing selects eastward propagation for the unstable mode, because it generates positive/negative eddy available potential energy for the eastward/westward modes by changing their thermal and dynamical structures. The present results show that moist Kelvin waves can provide a positive feedback to the MJO only when they are located within (or near) the convective complex (center) of the MJO. The EHT and EMT feedback works positively in the front and rear part of the MJO, respectively. These theoretical results suggest the potential importance of moist Kelvin waves in sustaining the MJO and encourage further observations to document the relationship between moist Kelvin waves and the MJO. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-12 DOI 10.1007/s00382-011-1281-0 Authors Fei Liu, International Pacific Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA Bin Wang, International Pacific Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA Journal Climate Dynamics Online ISSN 1432-0894 Print ISSN 0930-7575

Beschreibung:    Using daily precipitable water ( PW ) and 850 hPa monsoon wind, which represent large-scale moisture and dynamic conditions for monsoon development, we analyze potential changes in Asian monsoon onset, retreat and duration simulated by 13 IPCC AR4 models. Most models are able to reproduce the observed temporal and spatial evolution patterns of the Asian monsoon system. Nevertheless, there are significant model biases and some models fail in reproducing the broad structure. Under a warmed climate, changes in onset and duration days are only moderate (about 3–10 days), with significant discrepancies among the models, particularly over the East Asia land area where the models are almost equally divided. In the tropical Indian Ocean, maritime continent and Indochina Peninsula, the majority of the models tend to simulate delayed onset and shortened duration while in the western North Pacific most models exhibit an early onset and longer duration. There are two reasons leading to such uncertainties: (1) the key processes determining the Asian monsoon onset/retreat are different among the models. Some are more influenced by ENSO-like processes. But in some models, monsoon onset/retreat is more significantly correlated to circulations in the tropics. (2) The model-simulated changes in these dominant processes are different. In some models, surface warming is more intense in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean with El Niño-like patterns, while others do not show such features. If the model-simulated monsoon onset/retreat is correlated to the central and eastern Pacific warming and at the same time the model simulates much larger warming of the central and eastern Pacific Ocean, then it is very likely that these models will show significant delay of south Asian monsoon onset and shortened duration. In some models, the delayed onsets are more related to the reduction of westerlies in the west of the warm pool region. The patterns of anomalous SST and wind conditions identified in this study are consistent with each other and both are likely linked to the weakening and westward shift of Walker circulation in the warm pool and maritime continent region. Increases in precipitable water associated with global warming do not change monsoon rainfall and circulation seasonality much but they can result in increased rainfall intensity once the summer monsoon is established. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-22 DOI 10.1007/s00382-012-1289-0 Authors Huqiang Zhang, Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, A Partnership between the Australian Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO, GPO Box 1289k, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia Ping Liang, Shanghai Regional Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai, China A. Moise, Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, A Partnership between the Australian Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO, GPO Box 1289k, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia L. Hanson, Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, A Partnership between the Australian Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO, GPO Box 1289k, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia Journal Climate Dynamics Online ISSN 1432-0894 Print ISSN 0930-7575

Beschreibung:    Brightness temperature observations from Microwave Sounding Unit and Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) on board National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellites have been widely utilized for estimating the global climate trend in the troposphere and stratosphere. A common approach for deriving the trend is linear regression, which implicitly assumes the trend being a straight line over the whole length of a time series and is often highly sensitive to the data record length. This study explores a new adaptive and temporally local data analysis method—Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD)—for estimating the global trends. In EEMD, a non-stationary time series is decomposed adaptively and locally into a sequence of amplitude-frequency modulated oscillatory components and a time-varying trend. The AMSU-A data from the NOAA-15 satellite over the time period from October 26, 1998 to August 7, 2010 are employed for this study. Using data over Amazon rainforest areas, it is shown that channel 3 is least sensitive to the orbital drift among four AMSU-A surface sensitive channels. The decadal trends of AMSU-A channel 3 and other eight channels in the troposphere and stratosphere are deduced and compared using both methods. It is shown that the decadal climate trends of most AMSU-A channels are nonlinear except for channels 3–4 in Northern Hemisphere only and channels 12–13. Although the decadal trend variation of the global average brightness temperature is no more than 0.2 K, the regional decadal trend variation could be more (less) than 3 K (−3 K) in high latitudes and over high terrains. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-17 DOI 10.1007/s00382-012-1296-1 Authors Z. Qin, Center of Data Assimilation for Research and Application, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China X. Zou, Center of Data Assimilation for Research and Application, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China F. Weng, Center for Satellite Applications and Research, NOAA/NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746, USA Journal Climate Dynamics Online ISSN 1432-0894 Print ISSN 0930-7575

Beschreibung:    Climate models often use a simplified and static representation of vegetation characteristics to determine fluxes of energy, momentum and water vapour between surface and lower atmosphere. In order to analyse the impact of short term variability in vegetation phenology, we use remotely-sensed leaf area index and albedo products to examine the role of vegetation in the coupled land–atmosphere system. Perfect model experiments are carried out to determine the impact of realistic temporal variability of vegetation on potential predictability of evaporation and temperature, as well as model skill of EC-Earth simulations. The length of the simulation period is hereby limited by the availability of satellite products to 2000–2010. While a realistic representation of vegetation positively influences the simulation of evaporation and its potential predictability, a positive impact on 2 m temperature is of smaller magnitude, regionally confined and more pronounced in climatically extreme years. Content Type Journal Article Pages 2733-2746 DOI 10.1007/s00382-012-1572-0 Authors Martina Weiss, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, The Netherlands Bart van den Hurk, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, The Netherlands Reindert Haarsma, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, The Netherlands Wilco Hazeleger, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, The Netherlands Journal Climate Dynamics Online ISSN 1432-0894 Print ISSN 0930-7575 Journal Volume Volume 39 Journal Issue Volume 39, Number 11

Beschreibung:    This study investigates future changes of Global Monsoon (GM) under anthropogenic global warming using 20 coupled models that participated in the phase five of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) by comparing two runs: the historical run for 1850–2005 and the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 run for 2006–2100. A metrics for evaluation of models’ performance on GM is designed to document performance for 1980–2005 and best four models are selected. The four best models’ multi-model ensemble (B4MME) projects the following changes in the twenty-first century under the RCP4.5 scenario. (1) Monsoon domain will not change appreciably but land monsoon domain over Asia tends to expand westward by 10.6 %. (2) The annual mean and range of GM precipitation and the percentage of local summer rainfall will all amplify at a significant level over most of the global region, both over land and over ocean. (3) There will be a more prominent northern-southern hemispheric asymmetry and eastern-western hemispheric asymmetry. (4) Northern Hemisphere (NH) monsoon onset will be advanced and withdrawal will be delayed. (5) Changes in monsoon precipitation exhibits huge differences between the NH and the Southern hemisphere (SH). The NH monsoon precipitation will increase significantly due to increase in temperature difference between the NH and SH, significant enhancement of the Hadley circulation, and atmospheric moistening, against stabilization of troposphere. There is a slight decrease of the Walker circulation but not significant against the inter-model spread. There are important differences between the CMIP 3 and CMIP5 results which are discussed in detail. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-19 DOI 10.1007/s00382-012-1564-0 Authors June-Yi Lee, Department of Meteorology and International Pacific Research Center, University of Hawaii/IPRC, POST Bldg, Room 409E, 1680 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA Bin Wang, Department of Meteorology and International Pacific Research Center, University of Hawaii/IPRC, POST Bldg, Room 409E, 1680 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA Journal Climate Dynamics Online ISSN 1432-0894 Print ISSN 0930-7575

Beschreibung:    This paper is dedicated to the analysis of winter cold spells over Western Europe in the simulations of the 5th phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). Both model biases and responses in a warming climate are discussed using historical simulations and the 8.5 W/m 2 Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP8.5) scenario, respectively on the 1979–2008 and 2070–2099 periods. A percentile-based index (10th percentile of daily minimum temperature, Q10) with duration and spatial extent criteria is used to define cold spells. Related diagnostics (intensity, duration, extent, and severity as a combination of the former three statistics) of 13 models are compared to observations and suggest that models biases on severity are mainly due to the intensity parameter rather than to duration and extent. Some hypotheses are proposed to explain these biases, that involve large-scale dynamics and/or radiative fluxes related to clouds. Evolution of cold spells characteristics by the end of the century is then discussed by comparing RCP8.5 and historical simulations. In line with the projected rise of mean temperature, “present-climate” cold spells (computed with the 1979–2008 10th percentile, Q10P) are projected to be much less frequent and, except in one model, less severe. When cold spells are defined from the future 10th percentile threshold (“future-climate” cold spells, Q10F), all models simulate a decrease of their intensity linearly related to the seasonal mean warming. Some insights are given to explain the inter-model diversity in the magnitude of the cold spells response. In particular, the snow-albedo feedback is suggested to play an important role, while for some models changes in large-scale dynamics are also not negligible. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-13 DOI 10.1007/s00382-012-1565-z Authors Y. Peings, CNRM-GAME, Météo-France and CNRS, Toulouse, France J. Cattiaux, CNRM-GAME, Météo-France and CNRS, Toulouse, France H. Douville, CNRM-GAME, Météo-France and CNRS, Toulouse, France Journal Climate Dynamics Online ISSN 1432-0894 Print ISSN 0930-7575

Beschreibung:    Ultra-thin anodic aluminum oxide membranes were prepared and served as deposition masks for fabrication of uniformly sized Ag nanodots with different aspect ratios on glass substrates. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) properties of the supported Ag nanodots were investigated and compared with the predictions of the generalized Maxwell–Garnett theory. By modeling the nanodots as spheroids without adjusting their real geometrical parameters input to the calculation, the resulting theoretical SPR wavelengths are in good agreement with measured extinction peaks. The discrepancy between the theoretical and experimental plasmon resonance peak maxima is within 10 nm for the nanodots with an aspect ratio of less than 1.5. Although this wavelength discrepancy becomes large as the aspect ratio is increased, it is kept at approximately 35 nm for the nanodots with an aspect ratio of 2.44. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-6 DOI 10.1007/s00339-012-7404-6 Authors I-Chen Chen, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, 320 Taiwan Yen-Hsun Chen, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, 320 Taiwan Yu-Cian Wang, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, 320 Taiwan Meng-Hong Shih, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, 320 Taiwan Journal Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing Online ISSN 1432-0630 Print ISSN 0947-8396

Beschreibung:    Superluminal transmission of electromagnetic waves is usually observed in a narrow bandwidth range and the velocity outside this range is subluminal. In this paper, it is shown that the transmission coefficient for superluminal propagation through a periodic metamaterial structure satisfies a sum rule. The sum rule and its corresponding physical bound relate frequency regions with a phase velocity above an arbitrary threshold with the thickness of the slab. The theoretical results are illustrated with numerical examples. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-7 DOI 10.1007/s00339-012-7407-3 Authors Mats Gustafsson, Department of Electrical and Information Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden Journal Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing Online ISSN 1432-0630 Print ISSN 0947-8396

Beschreibung:    Optical devices for the terahertz wave band are being developed now and require better designs. This paper proposes an artificial dielectric lens with metallic corrugated structures for the terahertz wave band. A periodic analysis model extracted from the full model by assuming periodicity confirms the phase delay, which produces the focusing effect. Full model analysis also confirms the focusing effect. The full model analysis also confirms that the focusing length is longer as the spacing of corrugated baffles is wider. The focusing length is longer the metallic groove width is wider. The focusing length is longer as the groove depth is shallower. The lens shape without grooves does not produce the focusing effect. The results of the full model analysis are qualitatively consistent with those of the periodic model ones. This implies that the design for an exact size lens is possible by using the periodic model. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-6 DOI 10.1007/s00339-012-7394-4 Authors Takuya Konno, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan Takahiro Suzuki, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan John C. Young, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0046, USA Mikio Saigusa, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan Keisuke Takano, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan Hideaki Kitahara, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan Masanori Hangyo, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan Takehito Suzuki, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan Journal Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing Online ISSN 1432-0630 Print ISSN 0947-8396

Beschreibung:    Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been produced by the tunneling of cobalt nanoparticles in carbon fibers that are derived from electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers. During annealing, the PAN fibers transform to a composite of cobalt nanodroplets and carbon fibers. Driven by the high chemical potential of wrinkled graphene platelets and amorphous carbon with respect to graphite, the cobalt nanodroplets are to tunnel in the carbon fibers. When cobalt nanodroplets have an elongated shape, carbon atoms dissolved in the droplets precipitate preferentially and completely at their lateral sides, producing perfect CNTs that form bulk structures. Content Type Journal Article Category Rapid communication Pages 1-3 DOI 10.1007/s00339-012-7398-0 Authors J. L. Li, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 China H. T. Ye, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET UK Journal Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing Online ISSN 1432-0630 Print ISSN 0947-8396

Beschreibung:    We investigate terahertz plasmon–polariton (PP) resonances for hetero-structures (AlGaN/GaN, SiGe/Si/SiGe, AlGaAs/GaAs, and InAlN/GaN) with a grating coupler in order to find the overall optimal structure showing the strongest absorption for terahertz detection (THz). We show by a parametric study (influence of geometric dimensions, electron concentration, temperature, etc.) that refined and intense resonances can be obtained at specific frequency. GaN based heterostructures present the higher PP resonances at room temperature. The roles of the finite thicknesses of lossy metal grating and a two-dimensional gas (2DEG) layer on observed absorption are also investigated. Absorption spectra for three kinds of heterogeneous charge density profiles (piecewise, linear, and parabolic) of 2DEG was investigated and compared for an AlGaAs/GaAs structure because some physical parameters such as the Fermi level pinning at the interface semiconductor/air are well established only for this heterostructure. We show that the PP resonance (amplitude and frequency position) is modulated by the charge concentration but also by the metallization biasing. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-7 DOI 10.1007/s00339-012-7371-y Authors L. Cao, Institut d’Electronique Fondamentale, CNRS UMR 8622, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay cedex, France A.-S. Grimault-Jacquin, Institut d’Electronique Fondamentale, CNRS UMR 8622, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay cedex, France F. Aniel, Institut d’Electronique Fondamentale, CNRS UMR 8622, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay cedex, France Journal Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing Online ISSN 1432-0630 Print ISSN 0947-8396

Beschreibung:    Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) are flexible lightweight actuators that can generate strains of over 100 %. They are used in applications ranging from haptic feedback (mm-sized devices), to cm-scale soft robots, to meter-long blimps. DEAs consist of an electrode-elastomer-electrode stack, placed on a frame. Applying a voltage between the electrodes electrostatically compresses the elastomer, which deforms in-plane or out-of plane depending on design. Since the electrodes are bonded to the elastomer, they must reliably sustain repeated very large deformations while remaining conductive, and without significantly adding to the stiffness of the soft elastomer. The electrodes are required for electrostatic actuation, but also enable resistive and capacitive sensing of the strain, leading to self-sensing actuators. This review compares the different technologies used to make compliant electrodes for DEAs in terms of: impact on DEA device performance (speed, efficiency, maximum strain), manufacturability, miniaturization, the integration of self-sensing and self-switching, and compatibility with low-voltage operation. While graphite and carbon black have been the most widely used technique in research environments, alternative methods are emerging which combine compliance, conduction at over 100 % strain with better conductivity and/or ease of patternability, including microfabrication-based approaches for compliant metal thin-films, metal-polymer nano-composites, nanoparticle implantation, and reel-to-reel production of μm-scale patterned thin films on elastomers. Such electrodes are key to miniaturization, low-voltage operation, and widespread commercialization of DEAs. Content Type Journal Article Category Invited paper Pages 1-27 DOI 10.1007/s00339-012-7402-8 Authors Samuel Rosset, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Jaquet-Droz 1, 2002 Neuchâtel, Switzerland Herbert R. Shea, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Jaquet-Droz 1, 2002 Neuchâtel, Switzerland Journal Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing Online ISSN 1432-0630 Print ISSN 0947-8396

Beschreibung:    Compact plasmonic structures made of gold nanoparticles chains are inserted on silicon optical waveguides. We show that silicon-on-insulator waveguide TE mode energy can be almost totally transferred in a 5 gold nanoparticles plasmonic chain, and that this short chain can also behave as a waveguide. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-4 DOI 10.1007/s00339-012-7406-4 Authors M. Fevrier, Laboratoire IEF, UMR 8622, Univ. Paris-Sud, Orsay, 91405 France P. Gogol, Laboratoire IEF, UMR 8622, Univ. Paris-Sud, Orsay, 91405 France A. Aassime, Laboratoire IEF, UMR 8622, Univ. Paris-Sud, Orsay, 91405 France D. Bouville, Laboratoire IEF, UMR 8622, Univ. Paris-Sud, Orsay, 91405 France R. Megy, Laboratoire IEF, UMR 8622, Univ. Paris-Sud, Orsay, 91405 France B. Dagens, Laboratoire IEF, UMR 8622, Univ. Paris-Sud, Orsay, 91405 France Journal Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing Online ISSN 1432-0630 Print ISSN 0947-8396

Beschreibung:    Novel concepts of nonlinear-optical (NLO) photonic metamaterials (MMs) are proposed. They concern with greatly enhanced coherent NLO energy exchange between ordinary and backward waves (BWs) through the frequency-conversion processes. Two different classes of materials which support BWs are considered: crystals that support optical phonons with negative group velocity and MMs with specially engineered spatial dispersion. The possibility to replace plasmonic NLO MMs enabling magnetic response at optical frequencies, which are very challenging to engineer, by the ordinary readily available crystals, are discussed. The possibility to mimic extraordinary NLO frequency-conversion propagation processes attributed to negative-index MMs (NIMs) is shown in some of such crystals, if optical phonons with negative group velocity and a proper phase-matching geometry are implemented. Here, optical phonons are used as one of the coupled counterparts instead of backward electromagnetic waves (BEMWs). The appearance of BEMWs in metaslabs made of carbon nanotubes, the possibilities and extraordinary properties of BW second harmonic generation in such MMs is another option of nonmagnetic NIMs, which is described too. Among the applications of the proposed photonic materials is the possibility of creation of a family of unique BW photonic devices such as frequency doubling metamirror and Raman amplifiers with greatly improved efficiency. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-6 DOI 10.1007/s00339-012-7390-8 Authors Alexander K. Popov, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, Stevens Point, WI 54481, USA Mikhail I. Shalaev, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation Sergey A. Myslivets, Institute of Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation Vitaly V. Slabko, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation Igor S. Nefedov, SMARAD Center of Excellence, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland Journal Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing Online ISSN 1432-0630 Print ISSN 0947-8396

Beschreibung:    We show that the metal nanoparticle chains supporting localized surface plasmon resonance can behave as transmission Bragg gratings on a dielectric waveguide. An analytical model is developed to interpret the experimental results. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-8 DOI 10.1007/s00339-012-7395-3 Authors M. Fevrier, Laboratoire IEF, UMR 8622, Univ Paris-Sud, Orsay, 91405 France P. Gogol, Laboratoire IEF, UMR 8622, Univ Paris-Sud, Orsay, 91405 France A. Aassime, Laboratoire IEF, UMR 8622, Univ Paris-Sud, Orsay, 91405 France R. Megy, Laboratoire IEF, UMR 8622, Univ Paris-Sud, Orsay, 91405 France D. Bouville, Laboratoire IEF, UMR 8622, Univ Paris-Sud, Orsay, 91405 France J. M. Lourtioz, Laboratoire IEF, UMR 8622, Univ Paris-Sud, Orsay, 91405 France B. Dagens, Laboratoire IEF, UMR 8622, Univ Paris-Sud, Orsay, 91405 France Journal Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing Online ISSN 1432-0630 Print ISSN 0947-8396

Beschreibung:    Modeling of ion-implanted boron redistribution in silicon crystals during low-temperature annealing with a small thermal budget has been carried out. It was shown that formation of “tails” in the low-concentration region of impurity profiles occurs due to the long-range migration of boron interstitials. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-7 DOI 10.1007/s00339-012-7378-4 Authors O. I. Velichko, Department of Physics, Belorussian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics, 6, P. Brovki Street, Minsk, 220013 Belarus A. P. Kavaliova, Department of Physics, Belorussian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics, 6, P. Brovki Street, Minsk, 220013 Belarus Journal Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing Online ISSN 1432-0630 Print ISSN 0947-8396

Beschreibung:    In the present paper the effect of an abrupt change of the atmospheric radiative forcing is investigated by means of a global climate model that includes a mixed layer ocean. In assessing if, under such a change, the model response has a bifurcation point, the steady solution is studied for a sudden decrease of CO 2 concentration from its actual value. It is found that there is a critical threshold for CO 2 content below which the model ends up to a snowball Earth. It occurs for a few percentage changes of CO 2 concentration around the threshold because the model strongly depends on the relationship among atmospheric temperature, water vapor content and the sudden ice-albedo feedback activation, even in the subtropical regions. Moreover, results suggest that the transition to ice-covered Earth is clearly favoured when Q-flux corrections (i.e. the parameterization of ocean heat transports) are removed. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-12 DOI 10.1007/s00382-012-1581-z Authors Isabella Bordi, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy Klaus Fraedrich, Universität Hamburg, KlimaCampus, Hamburg, Germany Alfonso Sutera, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy Xiuhua Zhu, Universität Hamburg, KlimaCampus, Hamburg, Germany Journal Climate Dynamics Online ISSN 1432-0894 Print ISSN 0930-7575

Beschreibung:    This paper reports on the results of the investigation into the dielectric properties of perovskite ceramics of the relaxor ferroelectrics (1 − x )(NaBi) 1/2 TiO 3− x Bi(ZnTi) 1/2 O 3 ( x 〈 0.2) with the use of the impedance spectra measured in the frequency range from 25 to 106 Hz at temperatures from 100 to 1000 K. It has been found that the temperature dependence of the real part of the permittivity is characterized by a maximum at a temperature T ′ m (590–610 K). It has been shown that, in the temperature region of the existence of the relaxor state ( T 〈 T ′ m ), the permittivity ɛ is determined by the sum of the contributions from the matrix and dipole clusters. The temperature dependence of the contribution from the clusters, which is determined by the kinetics of their formation and freezing, is characterized by a curve with a maximum. It has been revealed that, in the temperature range T 〉 T ′ m , there are two mechanisms of polarization. One mechanism is associated with the thermal hopping motion of charges, whereas the other mechanism provides an induction-type response (system with a negative capacitance). The latter makes a negative contribution to the real part of the permittivity ɛ and a positive contribution to the imaginary part of the permittivity. A quantitative analysis of the experimental data has been carried out with the use of an equivalent circuit that includes a constant-phase element of the induction type. Content Type Journal Article Category Ferroelectricity Pages 2236-2242 DOI 10.1134/S1063783412110248 Authors N. M. Olekhnovich, Scientific-Practical Materials Research Centre of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, ul. Petrusya Brovki 19, Minsk, 220072 Belarus Yu. V. Radyush, Scientific-Practical Materials Research Centre of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, ul. Petrusya Brovki 19, Minsk, 220072 Belarus A. V. Pushkarev, Scientific-Practical Materials Research Centre of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, ul. Petrusya Brovki 19, Minsk, 220072 Belarus Journal Physics of the Solid State Online ISSN 1090-6460 Print ISSN 1063-7834 Journal Volume Volume 54 Journal Issue Volume 54, Number 11

Beschreibung:    A model has been developed for nucleation and growth of particles of the second phase in alloys based on the Fe-Cr system. It has been assumed that the main mechanisms of change in the distribution of phases in the alloy are the fluctuation activationless nucleation of clusters enriched with chromium and their subsequent growth due to the diffusion of chromium atoms. The model is applied to the description of the growth kinetics of particles of the second phase in the alloy Fe- x Cr ( x = 14, 16, 18, 20 at %) at the temperature T = 500°C. The obtained values of the diffusion coefficient D Cr = 3.12 × 10 −19 cm 2 /s and the rate of fluctuation nucleation (decomposition) of the clusters τ −1 = 0.868 × 10 −3 s −1 are consistent with the data available in the literature. Content Type Journal Article Category Low-Dimensional Systems Pages 2285-2290 DOI 10.1134/S1063783412110182 Authors P. E. L’vov, Ulyanovsk State University, ul. L’va Tolstogo 42, Ulyanovsk, 432017 Russia V. V. Svetukhin, Ulyanovsk State University, ul. L’va Tolstogo 42, Ulyanovsk, 432017 Russia Journal Physics of the Solid State Online ISSN 1090-6460 Print ISSN 1063-7834 Journal Volume Volume 54 Journal Issue Volume 54, Number 11

Beschreibung:    Based on the developed technique for synthesizing spherical mesoporous particles of yttrium oxide with a size dispersion of 10–15% and methods for infiltrating active components into them, spherical nanocrystalline particles of composition Y 2 O 3 -ZnO have been synthesized. The nanocomposite structure has been studied, and the spectra of diffuse reflection and photoluminescence of heteroparticles, as well as the stimulated emission spectra of zinc oxide excitons, have been analyzed after annealing at various temperatures. The formation of ZnO nanocrystals in Y 2 O 3 sphere pores is observed during material synthesis with a single infiltration procedure. The lasing is associated with a change in the effective refractive index and local photon density of states in phosphor nanoparticles, i.e., spherical optical cavities. Content Type Journal Article Category Optical Properties Pages 2260-2265 DOI 10.1134/S106378341211011X Authors A. N. Gruzintsev, Institute of Microelectronics Technology and High Purity Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Akademika Ossipyana 6, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast, 142432 Russia N. A. Dulina, State Scientific Institution “Institute for Single Crystals,”, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Lenina 60, Kharkiv, 61178 Ukraine G. A. Emel’chenko, Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Akademika Ossipyana 2, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast, 142432 Russia Yu. V. Ermolaeva, State Scientific Institution “Institute for Single Crystals,”, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Lenina 60, Kharkiv, 61178 Ukraine E. A. Kudrenko, Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Akademika Ossipyana 2, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast, 142432 Russia A. V. Tolmachev, State Scientific Institution “Institute for Single Crystals,”, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Lenina 60, Kharkiv, 61178 Ukraine Journal Physics of the Solid State Online ISSN 1090-6460 Print ISSN 1063-7834 Journal Volume Volume 54 Journal Issue Volume 54, Number 11

Beschreibung:    The characteristics of the microhardness and microplasticity of ionic single crystals related to the dislocation structure formed in the near-surface layer of the samples around the indentor print have been analyzed. It has been shown that the most informative characteristic of the contact microplasticity reflecting both the bulk and surface properties of materials is the so-called “ray ratio,” i.e., the ratio of the lengths of edge l e and screw l s “arms” of dislocation indentation rosettes θ = l e / l s . Content Type Journal Article Category Mechanical Properties, Physics of Strength, and Plasticity Pages 2256-2259 DOI 10.1134/S1063783412110273 Authors V. I. Savenko, Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow, 199071 Russia E. D. Shchukin, Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow, 199071 Russia Journal Physics of the Solid State Online ISSN 1090-6460 Print ISSN 1063-7834 Journal Volume Volume 54 Journal Issue Volume 54, Number 11

Beschreibung:    Precision in situ measurements of the shear modulus of bulk metallic glass based on Zr have been performed. The contribution to the shear modulus due to the structural relaxation has been separated. Based on the interstitial theory, the relaxation model explaining the obtained experimental results has been constructed. Content Type Journal Article Category Metals Pages 2145-2149 DOI 10.1134/S1063783412110200 Authors Yu. P. Mitrofanov, Voronezh State Pedagogical University, ul. Lenina 86, Voronezh, 394043 Russia G. V. Izotova, Voronezh State Pedagogical University, ul. Lenina 86, Voronezh, 394043 Russia G. V. Afonin, Voronezh State Pedagogical University, ul. Lenina 86, Voronezh, 394043 Russia S. V. Khonik, Voronezh State Pedagogical University, ul. Lenina 86, Voronezh, 394043 Russia N. P. Kobelev, Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast, ul. Akademika Ossipyana 2, 142432 Russia A. A. Kaloyan, Kurchatov Centre of Converging of Nano-, Bio-, Information and Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (Kurchatov NBIC Centre), National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute,”, pl. Akademika Kurchatova 1, Moscow, 123182 Russia V. A. Khonik, Voronezh State Pedagogical University, ul. Lenina 86, Voronezh, 394043 Russia Journal Physics of the Solid State Online ISSN 1090-6460 Print ISSN 1063-7834 Journal Volume Volume 54 Journal Issue Volume 54, Number 11

Beschreibung:    The spectral and temporal characteristics of X-ray luminescence of composites consisting of microparticles of “heavy” components (oxides, fluorides, sulfates) and an organic polymer binder containing optically active impurities have been investigated. It has been found that, in the case of pulsed X-ray excitation of the composites with a photon energy of 130–150 keV, the fast component (τ 〈 10 ns) of the luminescence arises whether or not the “heavy” component of the composite is doped with an optically active impurity. A mechanism has been proposed for the formation of the fast component of the luminescence: electrons and low-energy X-ray photons generated during the interaction of high-energy X-ray photons with the “heavy” component of the composite are effectively absorbed by the polymer binder and, thus, induce its luminescence. It has been shown that, in order to produce a composite-based fast scintillator with a high light yield, it is necessary to use a binder prepared from an organic material with a short scintillation decay time and another component prepared from a compound whose composition includes an element of a large atomic number Z . Content Type Journal Article Category Optical Properties Pages 2266-2276 DOI 10.1134/S1063783412110297 Authors S. Z. Shmurak, Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Akademika Ossipyana 2, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast, 142432 Russia V. V. Kedrov, Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Akademika Ossipyana 2, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast, 142432 Russia N. V. Klassen, Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Akademika Ossipyana 2, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast, 142432 Russia O. A. Shakhrai, Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Akademika Ossipyana 2, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast, 142432 Russia Journal Physics of the Solid State Online ISSN 1090-6460 Print ISSN 1063-7834 Journal Volume Volume 54 Journal Issue Volume 54, Number 11

Beschreibung:    The X-ray diffraction investigations have been performed for nanocomposite materials based on porous aluminum oxide with inclusions of TGS and TGS, which is doped with L ,α-alanine (ATGS). The presence of the TGS and ATGS textures in pores of Al 2 O 3 films has been found. It has been established that, under conditions of confined geometry, the broadening of diffraction maxima of the reflection is caused by the size effect. The temperature dependences of the order parameter for porous aluminum oxide with TGS inclusions have been constructed. Content Type Journal Article Category Low-Dimensional Systems Pages 2296-2300 DOI 10.1134/S1063783412110091 Authors O. M. Golitsyna, Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya pl. 1, Voronezh, 394006 Russia S. N. Drozhdin, Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya pl. 1, Voronezh, 394006 Russia I. E. Zanin, Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya pl. 1, Voronezh, 394006 Russia A. E. Gridnev, Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya pl. 1, Voronezh, 394006 Russia Journal Physics of the Solid State Online ISSN 1090-6460 Print ISSN 1063-7834 Journal Volume Volume 54 Journal Issue Volume 54, Number 11

Beschreibung:    The phenomenon of surface plasmon resonance in composite films consisting of gold nanoclusters in matrices of organic molecular materials calix[4]arene and poly(N-vinylcarbazole) has been investigated. The internal reflection coefficients R s 2 and R p 2 of s - and p -polarized light and their physical difference ρ = R s 2 − R p 2 have been measured according to the Kretschmann scheme as a function of the angle of light incidence θ at different wavelengths λ in the range 400–1000 nm. The angular characteristics reflect the cluster structure of the films, which is confirmed by electron microscopy. A topological size effect has been revealed. This effect is associated with the dependence of the excitation energy efficiency of surface plasmons on the azimuth of the linearly polarized light, the shape, and the distribution of nanoclusters in the coordinate space. The dependences ρ(λ) demonstrate that the local plasmon resonance is excited by both s - and p -polarized light, whereas the polariton resonance is excited by s -polarized light. The sign of the curvature of the dependence ρ(θ) determines the predominance of the excitation energy efficiency of electromagnetic modes with one of the two states of polarization of the excitation radiation. Content Type Journal Article Category Surface Physics and Thin Films Pages 2301-2308 DOI 10.1134/S1063783412110108 Authors D. A. Grynko, Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Nauki 41, Kyiv, 03028 Ukraine Yu. M. Barabash, Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Nauki 46, Kyiv, 03028 Ukraine L. S. Maksimenko, Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Nauki 41, Kyiv, 03028 Ukraine I. E. Matyash, Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Nauki 41, Kyiv, 03028 Ukraine O. N. Mishchuk, Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Nauki 41, Kyiv, 03028 Ukraine S. P. Rudenko, Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Nauki 41, Kyiv, 03028 Ukraine B. K. Serdega, Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Nauki 41, Kyiv, 03028 Ukraine Journal Physics of the Solid State Online ISSN 1090-6460 Print ISSN 1063-7834 Journal Volume Volume 54 Journal Issue Volume 54, Number 11

Beschreibung:    The domain structure in a biaxial ferroelectric layer perforated by cylindrical channels has been investigated using the numerical simulation based on the phenomenological theory of ferroelectricity and the equations of electrostatics in the framework of the Gauss-Seidel iterative method. Both polar axes lie in the plane of the film, which is characteristic of thin epitaxial films of BaTiO 3 and (Ba 1 − x Sr x )TiO 3 on a MgO substrate. The calculations have been performed using the parameters of BaTiO 3 , which does not matter because of the qualitative character of the results: the electrostatic problem is two-dimensional and formally applies to infinitely thick layers rather than to thin layers. The primary attention has been paid to the systems containing sixteen channels. Two different orientations of the polar axes with respect to the lattice channels have been considered. It has been shown that, for these orientations, the domain structure has a different character: when the line with the minimum distance between the channels is perpendicular to the bisector of the angle between the polar axes, this structure contains a single channel in the repeating motif and a polarization vortex; when one of the polar axes is perpendicular to the line with the minimum distance between the channels, the situation is less clear. There are indications that the repeating motif of the domain structure in a system of many channels contains two channels and does not contain vortices. The strong influence of the electrodes on the domain structure in this case has been noted. Content Type Journal Article Category Ferroelectricity Pages 2243-2252 DOI 10.1134/S1063783412110170 Authors A. P. Levanyuk, Moscow State Technical University of Radio-Engineering, Electronics and Automation, pr. Vernadskogo 78, Moscow, 117454 Russia I. B. Misirlioglu, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orhanli-Tuzla, Istanbul, 34956 Turkey E. D. Mishina, Moscow State Technical University of Radio-Engineering, Electronics and Automation, pr. Vernadskogo 78, Moscow, 117454 Russia A. S. Sigov, Moscow State Technical University of Radio-Engineering, Electronics and Automation, pr. Vernadskogo 78, Moscow, 117454 Russia Journal Physics of the Solid State Online ISSN 1090-6460 Print ISSN 1063-7834 Journal Volume Volume 54 Journal Issue Volume 54, Number 11

Beschreibung:    The 55 Mn NMR studies of nano-sized and polycrystalline La 1 − x Ca x MnO 3 samples have been performed. It has been shown that a decrease in the average size of the nanoparticles leads to the disappearance of the phase separation of the ferromagnetic phase, which is likely a general property of manganites. The studies in constant magnetic fields have demonstrated that the phase separation under consideration occurs within domains rather than as a result of the separation of the samples into domains and domains walls. Content Type Journal Article Category Magnetism Pages 2222-2225 DOI 10.1134/S1063783412110194 Authors A. S. Mazur, Donetsk Institute for Physics and Engineering named after O. O. Galkin, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, ul. R. Lyuksemburg 72, Donetsk, 83114 Ukraine Journal Physics of the Solid State Online ISSN 1090-6460 Print ISSN 1063-7834 Journal Volume Volume 54 Journal Issue Volume 54, Number 11

Beschreibung:    The microhardness of single-crystal samples of ZnSe: Cr 2+ with a chromium concentration in the range from 3.3 × 10 17 to 4.0 × 10 19 cm −3 has been studied. The microhardness as a function of the load on the indenter on the faces (111), (1 0), and (001) of the ZnSe: Cr 2+ and ZnSe samples has been measured. It has been established that doping of zinc selenide with chromium leads to a decrease in the anisotropy of the mechanical properties and stabilization of the cubic sphalerite structure. Content Type Journal Article Category Mechanical Properties, Physics of Strength, and Plasticity Pages 2253-2255 DOI 10.1134/S106378341211008X Authors O. A. Fedorenko, State Scientific Institution “Institute for Single Crystals,”, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Lenina 60, Kharkiv, 61178 Ukraine Yu. A. Zagoruiko, State Scientific Institution “Institute for Single Crystals,”, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Lenina 60, Kharkiv, 61178 Ukraine N. O. Kovalenko, State Scientific Institution “Institute for Single Crystals,”, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Lenina 60, Kharkiv, 61178 Ukraine Journal Physics of the Solid State Online ISSN 1090-6460 Print ISSN 1063-7834 Journal Volume Volume 54 Journal Issue Volume 54, Number 11

Beschreibung:    We have designed a flat graded index lens made from a metallic graded 2D photonic crystal. The gradient of index has been obtained by varying the filling factor of a flat slab of photonic crystal in the direction perpendicular to that of the propagation of the electromagnetic field. This gradient has been designed in such a way that the flat slab focuses a plane wave. With applications in the microwave range in view, we considered a photonic crystal which consists of copper strips. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-4 DOI 10.1007/s00339-012-7386-4 Authors Fabian Gaufillet, Institut d’Électronique Fondamentale, UMR8622, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, 91405 France Éric Akmansoy, Institut d’Électronique Fondamentale, UMR8622, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, 91405 France Journal Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing Online ISSN 1432-0630 Print ISSN 0947-8396

Beschreibung:    This paper presents a method to improve the circular polarization of an Archimedean spiral antenna placed over a radial Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC). Results have been compared with the same radiating element over a more classical AMC reflector. A prototype of an Archimedean two-wire spiral antenna has been built to operate from 0.5 GHz to 6 GHz. Measurement results with this radial AMC give a relative bandwidth of 79 %, in which the broadside RHCP gain is improved. In this bandwidth the axial ratio of Archimedean spiral antenna placed over a radial AMC is less than 2 dB whereas it is higher than 3 dB with a classical cartesian shape of AMC reflector. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-6 DOI 10.1007/s00339-012-7401-9 Authors M. Grelier, Institut Mines-Telecom, Telecom ParisTech—LTCI CNRS UMR 5141, 46 rue Barrault, 75634 Paris Cedex 13, France C. Djoma, Institut Mines-Telecom, Telecom ParisTech—LTCI CNRS UMR 5141, 46 rue Barrault, 75634 Paris Cedex 13, France M. Jousset, Thales Systèmes Aéroportés, 10 avenue de la 1ère DFL, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France S. Mallégol, Thales Systèmes Aéroportés, 10 avenue de la 1ère DFL, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France A. C. Lepage, Institut Mines-Telecom, Telecom ParisTech—LTCI CNRS UMR 5141, 46 rue Barrault, 75634 Paris Cedex 13, France X. Begaud, Institut Mines-Telecom, Telecom ParisTech—LTCI CNRS UMR 5141, 46 rue Barrault, 75634 Paris Cedex 13, France Journal Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing Online ISSN 1432-0630 Print ISSN 0947-8396

Beschreibung:    In this paper we study the electro-optical behavior and the application of indium–tin oxide (ITO) and aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) bilayer thin films for silicon solar cells. ITO–AZO bilayer thin films were deposited on glass substrates using radio-frequency magnetron sputtering. The experimental results show that a decrease in the electrical resistivity of the ITO–AZO bilayer thin films has been achieved without significant degradation of optical properties. In the best case the resistivity of the bilayer films reached a minimum of 5.075×10 −4  Ω cm when the thickness of the AZO buffer layer was 12 nm. The ITO–AZO bilayer films were applied as the front electrodes of amorphous silicon solar cells and the short-circuit current density of the solar cells was considerably increased. Content Type Journal Article Category Rapid communication Pages 1-5 DOI 10.1007/s00339-012-7431-3 Authors Chao Wang, Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 P.R. China Yanli Mao, Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 P.R. China Xiangbo Zeng, Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083 P.R. China Journal Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing Online ISSN 1432-0630 Print ISSN 0947-8396

Beschreibung:    In this paper, the effect of coupling two kinds of metamaterial cells with a coil to achieve Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is investigated. Both an array of four spirals then a single spiral-shaped metamaterial are put on the top of the coil antenna. These metamaterial based resonant structures are designed to work at 63 MHz. They are intended to increase the sensitivity of the whole system and to improve the homogeneity of the RF magnetic field pattern. The spiral-shaped metamaterials added on the top of the antenna gave very promising numerical results. The calculated magnetic fields are homogeneous and their magnitudes are multiplied by factor of 4 up to 6. We are fabricating both structures using microfabrication techniques because of the small size of the structures. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-5 DOI 10.1007/s00339-012-7408-2 Authors M. S. Khennouche, IEF, University of Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay cedex, France F. Gadot, IEF, University of Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay cedex, France B. Belier, IEF, University of Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay cedex, France A. de Lustrac, IEF, University of Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay cedex, France Journal Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing Online ISSN 1432-0630 Print ISSN 0947-8396

Beschreibung:    Formation of periodic subwavelength ripples on a metallic tungsten surface is investigated through a line-scribing method under the irradiation of 800 nm, 50 fs to 8 ps ultra-short laser pulses. The distinctive features of the induced ripple structures are described in detail with different laser parameters. Experimental measurements reveal that with gradual decrease of the laser fluence, the pulse duration or the scanning speed, the ripple period is inclined to reduce but the ripple depth tends to become pronounced. Theoretical analyses suggest that the transient dielectric function change of the tungsten surface mainly originates from the nonequilibrium distribution of electrons due to the d -band transitions. A sandwich-like physical model of air–plasma–target is proposed and the excitation of a surface plasmon polaritonic (SPP) wave is supposed to occur on the interface between the metallic target and the electron plasma layer. Formation of ripples can be eventually attributed to the laser–SPP interference. Theoretical interpretations are consistent with the experimental observations. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-9 DOI 10.1007/s00339-012-7261-3 Authors Lu Xue, Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology, Education Ministry of China, Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 China Jianjun Yang, Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology, Education Ministry of China, Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 China Yang Yang, Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology, Education Ministry of China, Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 China Yishan Wang, State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710119, China Xiaonong Zhu, Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology, Education Ministry of China, Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 China Journal Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing Online ISSN 1432-0630 Print ISSN 0947-8396

Beschreibung:    A composite of graphene (GE) supported by rod-like Fe 3 O 4 nanocrystals has been fabricated by a simple one-step chemical route. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy results show that the Fe 3 O 4 nanorods with diameters in the range of 15–20 nm and lengths of 150–200 nm were firmly assembled on the GE nanosheet surface. Magnetic property investigation indicated that the Fe 3 O 4 /GE composites exhibit a ferromagnetic behavior and possess a saturation magnetization of 50.11 emu g −1 . Moreover, Fe 3 O 4 /GE composites showed a very high adsorption capacity of Congo red. Content Type Journal Article Category Rapid communication Pages 1-5 DOI 10.1007/s00339-012-7278-7 Authors Xiao-hua Jia, School of the Environment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China Hao-Jie Song, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China Chun-ying Min, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China Xue-Qiang Zhang, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China Journal Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing Online ISSN 1432-0630 Print ISSN 0947-8396

Beschreibung:    A contact transient electrothermal technique (CTET) is developed to characterize the thermal transport between one-dimensional conductive and nonconductive microscale wires that are in point contact. This technique is a significant advance from the transient electrothermal method that is used to characterize the thermophysical properties of individual one-dimensional micro-wires. A steady-state analytical solution and a transient numerical solution are used to independently determine the value for the thermal contact resistance between the wires at the contact point. The CTET technique is applied to measurement of the thermal contact resistance between crossed Pt wires (25.4 μm diameter) and the thermal contact resistance between a glass fiber (8.9 μm diameter) in contact with a Pt wire (25.4 μm diameter). For Pt wire contact, the thermal contact resistance increases from 8.94×10 4 to 7.05×10 5  K/W when the heating current changes from 20 to 50 mA. For the Pt/glass fiber contact, the thermal contact resistance is much larger (2.83×10 6  K/W), mainly due to the smaller area at the contact point. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-10 DOI 10.1007/s00339-012-7177-y Authors Nathan Van Velson, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, 2010 Black Engineering Building, Ames, IA 50011, USA Xinwei Wang, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, 2010 Black Engineering Building, Ames, IA 50011, USA Journal Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing Online ISSN 1432-0630 Print ISSN 0947-8396

Beschreibung:    Optical conductivity of a zigzag carbon nanotube is investigated in the context of the Holstein model. Green’s function approach is applied to calculate the optical conductivity as a function of photon frequency, temperature, and electron–phonon coupling strength. Based on our results, optical conductivity decreases with electron–phonon coupling constant for both metallic and semiconducting carbon nanotubes. Our results show that temperature yields shortening the height of peaks of zigzag CNT optical absorption. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-5 DOI 10.1007/s00339-012-7178-x Authors Hamed Rezania, Department of Physics, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran Farid Taherkhani, Department of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran Journal Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing Online ISSN 1432-0630 Print ISSN 0947-8396

Beschreibung:    A hindcast experiment of the Mediterranean present-day climate is performed using a fully-coupled Atmosphere–Ocean Regional Climate Model (AORCM) for the Mediterranean basin. The new model, called LMDz-NEMO-Med, is composed of LMDz4-regional as atmospheric component and of NEMOMED8 as oceanic component. This AORCM equilibrates freely, without any flux adjustment, neither in fresh water nor in heat. At its atmospheric lateral boundary conditions, it is driven by ERA-40 data from 1958 to 2001, after a spin-up of 40 years in coupled configuration. The model performance is assessed and compared with available observational datasets. The model skill in reproducing mean state and inter-annual variability of main atmospheric and oceanic surface fields is in line with that of state-of-the-art AORCMs. Considering the ocean behaviour, the inter-annual variations of the basin-scale heat content are in very good agreement with the observations. The model results concerning salt content could not be adequately validated. High inter-annual variability of deep convection in the Gulf of Lion is simulated, with 53 % of convective winters, representative of the present climate state. The role of different factors influencing the deep convection and its inter-annual variability is examined, including dynamic and hydrostatic ocean preconditioning and atmospheric surface forcing. A conceptual framework is outlined and validated in linking the occurrence of deep convection to the efficiency of the integrated surface buoyancy fluxes along the winter season to mix the initially stratified averaged water column down to the convective threshold depth. This simple framework (based only on 2 independent variables) is able to explain 60 % (resp. 69 %) of inter-annual variability of the deep water formation rate (resp. maximum mixed layer depth) for the West Mediterranean Deep Water (WMDW) formation process. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-24 DOI 10.1007/s00382-012-1527-5 Authors Blandine L’Hévéder, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Université Paris VI, Tour 45-55, 3e étage, Case postale 99, 4, place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France Laurent Li, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Université Paris VI, Tour 45-55, 3e étage, Case postale 99, 4, place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France Florence Sevault, Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques, Météo-France, Toulouse, France Samuel Somot, Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques, Météo-France, Toulouse, France Journal Climate Dynamics Online ISSN 1432-0894 Print ISSN 0930-7575

Beschreibung:    The dielectric constant is an essential electrical parameter to the achievable voltage-induced deformation of the dielectric elastomer. This paper primarily focuses on the temperature dependence of the dielectric constant (within the range of 173 K to 373 K) for the most widely used acrylic dielectric elastomer (VHB 4910). First the dielectric constant was investigated experimentally with the broadband dielectric spectrometer (BDS). Results showed that the dielectric constant first increased with temperature up to a peak value and then dropped to a relative small value. Then by analyzing the fitted curves, the Cole–Cole dispersion equation was found better to characterize the rising process before the peak values than the Debye dispersion equation, while the decrease process afterward can be well described by the simple Debye model. Finally, a mathematical model of dielectric constant of VHB 4910 was obtained from the fitted results which can be used to further probe the electromechanical stability of the dielectric elastomers. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-5 DOI 10.1007/s00339-012-7254-2 Authors Junjie Sheng, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China Hualing Chen, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China Bo Li, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China Longfei Chang, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China Journal Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing Online ISSN 1432-0630 Print ISSN 0947-8396

Beschreibung:    A set of global climate model simulations for the last thousand years developed by the Max Planck Institute is compared with paleoclimate proxy data and instrumental data, focusing on surface temperatures for land areas between 30° and 75°N. The proxy data are obtained from six previously published Northern Hemispheric-scale temperature reconstructions, here re-calibrated for consistency, which are compared with the simulations utilizing a newly developed statistical framework for ranking several competing simulations by means of their statistical distance against past climate variations. The climate model simulations are driven by either “low” or “high” solar forcing amplitudes (0.1 and 0.25 % smaller total solar irradiance in the Maunder Minimum period compared to the present) in addition to several other known climate forcings of importance. Our results indicate that the high solar forcing amplitude results in a poorer match with the hemispheric-scale temperature reconstructions and lends stronger statistical support for the low-amplitude solar forcing. However, results are likely conditional upon the sensitivity of the climate model used and strongly dependent on the choice of temperature reconstruction, hence a greater consensus is needed regarding the reconstruction of past temperatures as this currently provides a great source of uncertainty. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-11 DOI 10.1007/s00382-012-1526-6 Authors Alistair Hind, Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Bert Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden Anders Moberg, Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Bert Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden Journal Climate Dynamics Online ISSN 1432-0894 Print ISSN 0930-7575

Beschreibung:    The nocturnal precipitation in the Sichuan Basin in summer has been studied in many previous works. This paper expands the study on the diurnal cycle of precipitation in the Sichuan Basin to the whole year. Results show that the nocturnal precipitation has a specific quasi-stationary feature in the basin. It occurs not only in summer but also in other three seasons, even more remarkable in spring and autumn than in summer. There is a prominent eastward timing delay in the nocturnal precipitation, that is, the diurnal peak of precipitation occurs at early-night in the western basin whereas at late-night in the center and east of the basin. The Tibetan Plateau plays an essential role in the formation of this quasi-stationary nocturnal precipitation. The early-night peak of precipitation in the western basin is largely due to strong ascending over the plateau and its eastern lee side. In the central and eastern basin, three coexisting factors contribute to the late-night peak of precipitation. One is the lower-tropospheric southwesterly flow around the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, which creates a strong cyclonic rotation and ascendance in the basin at late-night, as well as brings abundant water vapor. The second is the descending motion downslope along the eastern lee side of the plateau, together with an air mass accumulation caused by the warmer air mass transport from the southeast of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, creating a diabatic warming at low level of the troposphere in the central basin. The third is a cold advection from the plateau to the basin at late-night, which leads to a cooling in the middle troposphere over the central basin. All these factors are responsible for precipitation to occur at late-night in the central to eastern basin. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-18 DOI 10.1007/s00382-012-1521-y Authors Xia Jin, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China Tongwen Wu, National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, 46 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China Laurent Li, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, IPSL, CNRS/UPMC, Paris, France Journal Climate Dynamics Online ISSN 1432-0894 Print ISSN 0930-7575

Beschreibung:    Mn-doped ZnO nanowires have been fabricated through a high temperature vapor-solid deposition process. The low-temperature photoluminescence spectra of the samples show that there are multipeak emissions at the ultraviolet (UV) region (about 3.4–3.0 eV). The excitonic and phonon-assisted transitions in Mn-doped ZnO nanowires were investigated. The results show that there is an obvious oscillatory structure emission at the UV region under low temperature from 12–125 K. The oscillatory structure has an energy periodicity about 70 meV and the oscillatory structure is mainly attributed to longitudinal optical (LO) phonon replicas of free excitons (FX). The multipeak emissions at 12 K are attributed to a donor-bound exciton (DBX, 3.3617 eV), 1LO-phonon replicas of a free exciton (FX-1LO, 3.3105 eV), 2LO-phonon replicas of a free exciton (FX-2LO, 3.2396 eV), and 3LO-phonon replicas of a free exciton (FX-3LO, 3.1692 eV), respectively. The intensity of UV emission and the efficiency of emission from the Mn-doped ZnO nanowires are improved. Content Type Journal Article Category Rapid communication Pages 1-5 DOI 10.1007/s00339-012-7294-7 Authors Jun Zhang, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Techniques of Shandong, Institute Optoelectronic Information Science &Techniques, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005 P.R. China Feihong Jiang, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Techniques of Shandong, Institute Optoelectronic Information Science &Techniques, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005 P.R. China Shuanghong Ding, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Techniques of Shandong, Institute Optoelectronic Information Science &Techniques, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005 P.R. China Journal Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing Online ISSN 1432-0630 Print ISSN 0947-8396

Beschreibung:    Powdered layered double hydroxides (LDHs)—also known as hydrotalcite-like (HT)—compounds have been widely studied due to their applications as catalysts, anionic exchangers or host materials for inorganic or organic molecules. Assembling thin films of nano-sized LDHs onto flat solid substrates is an expanding area of research, with promising applications as sensors, corrosion-resistant coatings, components in optical and magnetic devices. The exploitation of LDHs as vehicles to carry dispersed metal nanoparticles onto a substrate is a new approach to obtain composite thin films with prospects for biomedical and optical applications. We report the deposition of thin films of Ag nanoparticles embedded in a Mg–Al layered double hydroxide matrix by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The Ag-LDH powder was prepared by co-precipitation at supersaturation and pH = 10 using aqueous solutions of Mg and Al nitrates, Na hydroxide and carbonate, and AgNO 3 , having atomic ratios of Mg/Al = 3 and Ag/Al = 0.55. The target to be used in laser ablation experiments was a dry pressed pellet obtained from the prepared Ag-LDH powder. Three different wavelengths of a Nd:YAG laser (266, 532 and 1064 nm) working at a repetition rate of 10 Hz were used. X-Ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and secondary ions mass spectrometry (SIMS) were used to investigate the structure, surface morphology and composition of the deposited films. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-6 DOI 10.1007/s00339-012-7162-5 Authors A. Matei, National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Str., 77125 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania R. Birjega, National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Str., 77125 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania A. Vlad, National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Str., 77125 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania C. Luculescu, National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Str., 77125 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania G. Epurescu, National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Str., 77125 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania F. Stokker-Cheregi, National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Str., 77125 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania M. Dinescu, National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Str., 77125 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania R. Zavoianu, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Technology and Catalysis, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Regina Elisabeta Bd., Bucharest, Romania O. D. Pavel, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Technology and Catalysis, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Regina Elisabeta Bd., Bucharest, Romania Journal Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing Online ISSN 1432-0630 Print ISSN 0947-8396

Beschreibung:    The possibility of printing two-dimensional micropatterns of biomolecule solutions is of great interest in many fields of research in biomedicine, from cell-growth and development studies to the investigation of the mechanisms of communication between cells. Although laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) has been extensively used to print micrometric droplets of biological solutions, the fabrication of complex patterns depends on the feasibility of the technique to print micron-sized lines of aqueous solutions. In this study we investigate such a possibility through the analysis of the influence of droplet spacing of a water and glycerol solution on the morphology of the features printed by LIFT. We prove that it is indeed possible to print long and uniform continuous lines by controlling the overlap between adjacent droplets. We show how, depending on droplet spacing, several printed morphologies are generated, and we offer, in addition, a simple explanation of the observed behavior based on the jetting dynamics characteristic of the LIFT of liquids. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-5 DOI 10.1007/s00339-012-7279-6 Authors A. Palla-Papavlu, Departament de Física Aplicada i Optica, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain C. Córdoba, Departament de Física Aplicada i Optica, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain A. Patrascioiu, Departament de Física Aplicada i Optica, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain J. M. Fernández-Pradas, Departament de Física Aplicada i Optica, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain J. L. Morenza, Departament de Física Aplicada i Optica, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain P. Serra, Departament de Física Aplicada i Optica, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain Journal Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing Online ISSN 1432-0630 Print ISSN 0947-8396

Beschreibung:    The summer circulation over the eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East (EMME) is dominated by persistent northerly winds (Etesians) whose ventilating effect counteracts the adiabatic warming induced by large scale subsidence. The ERA40 dataset is used to study the vertical distribution of these circulation features, which both appear to be reconciled manifestations of the South Asian monsoon influence. As predicted by past idealized modeling studies, in late spring a westward expanding upper level warm structure and subsidence areas are associated with Rossby waves excited by the monsoon convection. Steep sloping isentropes that develop over the EMME facilitate further subsidence on the western and northern periphery of the warm structure, which is exposed to the midlatitude westerlies. The northerly flow and descent over the eastern Mediterranean have maxima in July that are strikingly synchronous to the monsoon convection over northern India, where the weaker easterly jet favors a stronger Rossby wave response and consequent impact on the EMME circulation. The pronounced EMME topography modifies the monsoon induced structure, firstly, by inducing orographically locked summer anticyclones. These enhance the mid and low level northwesterly flow at their eastern flanks, leading to distinct subsidence maxima over the eastern Mediterranean and Iran. Secondly, topography amplifies the subsidence and the northerly flow over the Aegean, Red Sea, the Iraq—Gulf region and to the east of the Caspian Sea. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-21 DOI 10.1007/s00382-012-1528-4 Authors Evangelos Tyrlis, Energy, Environment and Water Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, 20 Konstantinou Kavafi Street, 2121 Nicosia, Cyprus Jos Lelieveld, Energy, Environment and Water Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, 20 Konstantinou Kavafi Street, 2121 Nicosia, Cyprus Benedikt Steil, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55020 Mainz, Germany Journal Climate Dynamics Online ISSN 1432-0894 Print ISSN 0930-7575

Beschreibung:    Ensemble simulations with a coupled ocean-troposphere-stratosphere model for the pre-industrial era (1860 AD), late twentieth century (1990 AD) greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations, the SRES scenarios B1, A1B, A2, as well as stabilization experiments up to the Twenty-third century with B1 and A1B scenario GHG concentrations at their values at 2100, have been analyzed with regard to the occurrence of major sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs). An automated algorithm using 60°N and 10 hPa zonal wind and the temperature gradient between 60°N and the North Pole is used to identify this phenomenon in the large data set. With 1990 CO 2 concentrations (352 ppmv), the frequency of simulated SSWs in February and March is comparable to observation, but they are underestimated during November to January. All simulations show an increase in the number of SSWs from the pre-industrial period to the end of the twenty-first century, indicating that the increase of GHG is also reflected in the number of sudden warmings. However, a high variability partially masks the underlying trend. Multi-century averages during the stabilization periods indicate that the increase of SSWs is linear to the applied radiative forcing. A doubling of SSWs occurs when the GHG concentration reaches the level of the A2 scenario at the end of the twenty-first century (836 ppmv). The increase in SSWs in the projections is caused by a combination of increased wave flux from the troposphere and weaker middle atmospheric zonal winds. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-15 DOI 10.1007/s00382-012-1530-x Authors S. Schimanke, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Norrköping, 60176 Sweden T. Spangehl, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany H. Huebener, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany U. Cubasch, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany Journal Climate Dynamics Online ISSN 1432-0894 Print ISSN 0930-7575

Beschreibung:    This study compares the synoptic-dynamic relationship between two phases of the Pacific/North American (PNA) pattern and winter precipitation isotopes at 73 sites across the contiguous USA. We use the spatial pattern of isotope slope—the rate of changes in precipitation isotope ratios with distance—to identify features in the seasonal precipitation isotope fields related to climatic patterns, PNA positive and PNA negative. Our results show relationships between zones of high isotope slopes and the spatial position of the polar jet stream and juxtaposition of air masses associated with the PNA pattern. During a positive PNA winter, zones of high isotope slope in the eastern USA shift southward. This change is coincident with a southward displacement of the polar jet stream in this region, which leads to a greater frequency of polar air masses and 18 O-depleted isotope values of precipitation in the region. In the western USA, zones of high slope shift eastward during the positive PNA winter, associated with more frequent penetration of tropical air masses that bring 18 O-enriched precipitation to the region. Differences in δ 18 O/temperature relationships between the PNA-positive and -negative winters and contrasting δ 18 O/temperature behaviors in the eastern and western USA provide support for the role of variation in moisture source and transport as a control on the isotopic patterns. These findings highlight the importance of synoptic climate driven by PNA pattern in determining the spatial patterns of precipitation isotopes and provide constraints on paleo-water isotope interpretation and modern isotope hydrological processes. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-18 DOI 10.1007/s00382-012-1548-0 Authors Zhongfang Liu, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resource and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China Gabriel J. Bowen, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA Jeffrey M. Welker, Environment and Natural Resources Institute, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA Kei Yoshimura, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan Journal Climate Dynamics Online ISSN 1432-0894 Print ISSN 0930-7575

Beschreibung:    The refractive index dispersion of the γ-BiB 3 O 6 crystal in the wavelength range 0.43–0.81 μm has been measured. It has been shown that the principal refractive indices n 1 , n 2 , and n 3 are on average higher than those of α-BiB 3 O 6 , but are slightly lower than those of δ-BiB 3 O 6 . The temperature dependences of the rotation angle φ( T ) of the optical indicatrix and birefringence Δ n 2 ( T ) = ( n 1 − n 3 )( T ) have been studied in the temperature range 100–963 K. It has been shown that the γ-BiB 3 O 6 crystal is stable in this temperature region. Content Type Journal Article Category Dielectrics Pages 1966-1969 DOI 10.1134/S1063783412100228 Authors S. V. Melnikova, Kirensky Institute of Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok 50 building 38, Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia L. I. Isaenko, Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia Journal Physics of the Solid State Online ISSN 1090-6460 Print ISSN 1063-7834 Journal Volume Volume 54 Journal Issue Volume 54, Number 10

Beschreibung:    The influence of an electric field on stable photostimulated triplet states of NH 4 BPh 4 at a temperature of 77 K have been studied by EPR spectroscopy. It has been established that, on exposure to UV radiation, electron capture by traps in the band gaps takes place with formation of triplet state. After application of an electric field, triplet states are destructed because, with an increase in the applied voltage, a gradual inclination of energy bands takes place and electrons found in traps on different energy levels are released. The assumption that captured electrons are found in traps on different energy levels is confirmed by earlier studies of thermoluminescence spectra. Content Type Journal Article Category Dielectrics Pages 1970-1974 DOI 10.1134/S1063783412100046 Authors O. V. Antonova, Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 3, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia V. A. Nadolinny, Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 3, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia E. A. Il’inchik, Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 3, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia S. V. Trubin, Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 3, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia Journal Physics of the Solid State Online ISSN 1090-6460 Print ISSN 1063-7834 Journal Volume Volume 54 Journal Issue Volume 54, Number 10

Beschreibung:    Quantum oscillations of the resistivity ρ 22 and Hall coefficient R 12.3 in the semiconductor alloy n -Bi 0.93 Sb 0.07 have been studied at H ‖ C 3 and j ‖ C 1 in magnetic fields to 14 T and at temperatures of 1.5, 4.5, 10, and 20 K. At temperatures of 1.5 and 4.5 K, beats of quantum oscillations of ρ 22 and R 12.3 due to a small deviation of the magnetic field H from the crystallographic C 3 axis have been observed. To determine the oscillation period Δ i , cyclotron mass m ci , cyclotron frequency ω ci , and extreme section S extri , experimentally measured quantum oscillation beats have been compared with the model beats of oscillations of three harmonic functions, two of which have close frequencies. The deviation of the parameters Δ i , m ci , and S extri from the same parameters when the magnetic field H exactly coincides with the trigonal C 3 axis has made it possible to estimate the magnetic field H deflection angle from the trigonal C 3 axis, which is ∼1°. Content Type Journal Article Category Semiconductors Pages 1951-1956 DOI 10.1134/S1063783412100290 Authors N. A. Red’ko, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Politekhnicheskaya ul. 26, St. Petersburg, 194021 Russia V. D. Kagan, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Politekhnicheskaya ul. 26, St. Petersburg, 194021 Russia M. P. Volkov, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Politekhnicheskaya ul. 26, St. Petersburg, 194021 Russia Journal Physics of the Solid State Online ISSN 1090-6460 Print ISSN 1063-7834 Journal Volume Volume 54 Journal Issue Volume 54, Number 10

Beschreibung:    Polypropylene fibers with fillers in the form of carbon nanoparticles of four types (technical carbon, graphitized carbon nanofibers, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and single-walled carbon nanotubes) have been synthesized. For all types of fillers, the electrical conductivity of the fibers has been measured as a function of the concentration of nanoparticles and the percolation thresholds have been determined. A correlation between the nanoparticle concentration and the electrical conductivity of the percolation cluster at the percolation threshold with the cross section, the axial ratio, and the shape of the nanoparticles dispersed in the polymer matrix has been discussed. The dependence of the electrical conductivity of the composite material with carbon nanofibers on the temperature has been measured. Content Type Journal Article Category Polymers Pages 2122-2127 DOI 10.1134/S1063783412100253 Authors O. A. Moskalyuk, St. Petersburg State University of Technology and Design, Bol’shaya Morskaya ul. 18, St. Petersburg, 191186 Russia A. N. Aleshin, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Politekhnicheskaya ul. 26, St. Petersburg, 194021 Russia E. S. Tsobkallo, St. Petersburg State University of Technology and Design, Bol’shaya Morskaya ul. 18, St. Petersburg, 191186 Russia A. V. Krestinin, Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Semenova 1, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast, 142432 Russia V. E. Yudin, Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bol’shoi pr. 31, St. Petersburg, 199004 Russia Journal Physics of the Solid State Online ISSN 1090-6460 Print ISSN 1063-7834 Journal Volume Volume 54 Journal Issue Volume 54, Number 10

Beschreibung:    The results of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies of Ce 3+ impurity ions in single crystals of lead thiogallate PbGa 2 S 4 have been reported. The Ce 3+ ions substitute for Pb 2+ ions in the crystal lattice of PbGa 2 S 4 . A number of paramagnetic cerium centers in lead thiogallate have been observed. The spectra are described by the spin Hamiltonian of rhombic symmetry with the effective spin S = 1/2. The g factors of the main cerium centers have been determined. A large number of paramagnetic centers are due to both nonequivalent positions of lead and local charge compensation under the substitution Ce 3+ → Pb 2+ . Content Type Journal Article Category Impurity Centers Pages 2057-2060 DOI 10.1134/S1063783412100071 Authors G. R. Asatryan, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Politekhnicheskaya ul. 26, St. Petersburg, 194021 Russia V. V. Badikov, Kuban State University, ul. Stavropolskaya 149, Krasnodar, 350040 Russia D. D. Kramushchenko, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Politekhnicheskaya ul. 26, St. Petersburg, 194021 Russia V. A. Khramtsov, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Politekhnicheskaya ul. 26, St. Petersburg, 194021 Russia Journal Physics of the Solid State Online ISSN 1090-6460 Print ISSN 1063-7834 Journal Volume Volume 54 Journal Issue Volume 54, Number 10

Beschreibung:    The temperature dependences of the capacitance and conductance measured for samples of porous aluminum oxide films with inclusions of triglycine sulfate have been investigated. The character of these dependences obtained for the films treated in a humid atmosphere differs from that of the corresponding dependences measured for the initial porous Al 2 O 3 matrix, bulk triglycine sulfate, and dried Al 2 O 3 + triglycine sulfate composite. The observed changes are determined by the influence of the water adsorbed on the surface of the film and the water structured in pores of the composite. Content Type Journal Article Category Dielectrics Pages 1961-1965 DOI 10.1134/S1063783412100149 Authors O. M. Golitsyna, Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya pl. 1, Voronezh, 394006 Russia S. N. Drozhdin, Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya pl. 1, Voronezh, 394006 Russia A. E. Gridnev, Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya pl. 1, Voronezh, 394006 Russia Journal Physics of the Solid State Online ISSN 1090-6460 Print ISSN 1063-7834 Journal Volume Volume 54 Journal Issue Volume 54, Number 10

Beschreibung:    The decrease in the luminescence intensity (luminescence “fatigue”) of long-wavelength emission bands with time in CdI 2 -Cd (λ max = 700 nm) and CdI 2 -Ag (λ max = 680 nm) crystals upon exposure to light in the fundamental absorption region has been studied. The process parameters, i.e., the capture cross section σ and the fraction β of centers disappeared during interband irradiation, have been determined. The model of electronic processes has been proposed, within which experimental data have been consistently explained. Content Type Journal Article Category Impurity Centers Pages 2061-2065 DOI 10.1134/S1063783412100083 Authors I. M. Bolesta, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, ul. Universytetska 1, Lviv, 79000 Ukraine S. R. Vel’gosh, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, ul. Universytetska 1, Lviv, 79000 Ukraine I. D. Karbovnik, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, ul. Universytetska 1, Lviv, 79000 Ukraine V. N. Lesivtsiv, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, ul. Universytetska 1, Lviv, 79000 Ukraine I. N. Rovetskii, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, ul. Universytetska 1, Lviv, 79000 Ukraine Journal Physics of the Solid State Online ISSN 1090-6460 Print ISSN 1063-7834 Journal Volume Volume 54 Journal Issue Volume 54, Number 10

Beschreibung:    The structural and magnetic properties of the Tm 0.65 Sr 0.35 Mn 1 − x Fe x O 3 ( x = 0.3−0.4) have been studied by methods of magnetic resonance and differential thermomagnetic analysis. A magnetic phase separation has been revealed in structurally single-phase samples. Content Type Journal Article Category Magnetism Pages 1996-2000 DOI 10.1134/S1063783412100265 Authors I. I. Nig’matullina, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, ul. Kremlevskaya 18, Kazan, 420008 Tatarstan, Russia V. V. Parfenov, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, ul. Kremlevskaya 18, Kazan, 420008 Tatarstan, Russia A. A. Rodionov, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, ul. Kremlevskaya 18, Kazan, 420008 Tatarstan, Russia Sh. Z. Ibragimov, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, ul. Kremlevskaya 18, Kazan, 420008 Tatarstan, Russia R. M. Eremina, Zavoisky Kazan Physical-Technical Institute, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Sibirskii trakt 10/7, Kazan, 420029 Tatarstan, Russia Journal Physics of the Solid State Online ISSN 1090-6460 Print ISSN 1063-7834 Journal Volume Volume 54 Journal Issue Volume 54, Number 10

Beschreibung:    The influence of a magnetic defect on the field distribution and magneto-optical properties of a one-dimensional photonic crystal has been investigated. It has been shown that the maximum localization of the wave field in the defect layer is achieved in an asymmetric photonic crystal structure. A greater Faraday rotation, which significantly exceeds the angle of rotation of the polarization plane in an isolated magnetized layer, and a higher degree of localization of the wave field can be achieved when the magnetic layer is surrounded by layers of photonic crystal mirrors with a lower refractive index. An increase in the Faraday rotation angle is determined not only by an increase in the thickness of the magnetic defect but also by a symmetric increase in the number of periods in the photonic crystal mirrors. Content Type Journal Article Category Magnetism Pages 1981-1987 DOI 10.1134/S1063783412100125 Authors S. V. Eliseeva, Ulyanovsk State University, ul. L’va Tolstogo 42, Ulyanovsk, 432700 Russia D. I. Sementsov, Ulyanovsk State University, ul. L’va Tolstogo 42, Ulyanovsk, 432700 Russia Journal Physics of the Solid State Online ISSN 1090-6460 Print ISSN 1063-7834 Journal Volume Volume 54 Journal Issue Volume 54, Number 10

Beschreibung:    Possible magnetic states of the commensurate antiferromagnetic manganate phase with a nonzero wave vector of the structure have been analyzed within the group-theoretical approach using only the space symmetry group. A phenomenological description of the magnetoelectric effect has been performed and the possibility of the existence of the antiferromagnetic photogalvanic effect in this phase has been established using the magnetic states obtained in this study. Content Type Journal Article Category Magnetism Pages 2015-2023 DOI 10.1134/S106378341210023X Authors V. V. Men’shenin, Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Sofii Kovalevskoi 18, Yekaterinburg, 620219 Russia Journal Physics of the Solid State Online ISSN 1090-6460 Print ISSN 1063-7834 Journal Volume Volume 54 Journal Issue Volume 54, Number 10

Beschreibung:    This paper reports on a thermal desorption spectroscopy study of the interaction of chemisorbed molecules of oxygen and carbon monoxide with ytterbium films of nanosized thickness formed on the surface of silicon substrates at room temperature. As follows from the results obtained, at 300 K, the CO and O 2 molecules reside on the film surface in chemisorbed state and do not dissociate under these conditions into atoms. The molecules decompose at high temperatures. The oxygen released in the process reacts with ytterbium and silicon to form silicate compounds, which decompose at still higher temperatures. Content Type Journal Article Category Surface Physics and Thin Films Pages 2117-2121 DOI 10.1134/S1063783412100216 Authors M. V. Kuz’min, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Politekhnicheskaya ul. 26, St. Petersburg, 194021 Russia M. A. Mittsev, Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Politekhnicheskaya ul. 26, St. Petersburg, 194021 Russia Journal Physics of the Solid State Online ISSN 1090-6460 Print ISSN 1063-7834 Journal Volume Volume 54 Journal Issue Volume 54, Number 10

Beschreibung:    The deformation surface pattern generated on the faces of a copper single crystal loaded by a compression force and simultaneously sliding over the counterbody surface has been studied. The samples under study are copper single crystals with different orientations of the compression axis, which are grown by the Bridgman method. The study of the friction of single crystals with the orientations [110] and [ - 1   11] has revealed that the shear systems whose action manifests itself on side faces are localized near the friction zones. The density of traces formed in this process decreases with the distance from the butt-end. The [110] single crystal has regions of higher density near the butt-end. Different patterns of shear on the side faces of [ - 1   11] single crystals, resulting from the friction and uniaxial compressions, have been observed: they consist in the absence of deformation macrobands during friction. Content Type Journal Article Category Mechanical Properties, Physics of Strength, and Plasticity Pages 2034-2038 DOI 10.1134/S1063783412100320 Authors S. Yu. Tarasov, Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building, pl. Solyanaya 2, Tomsk, 634003 Russia D. V. Lychagin, Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building, pl. Solyanaya 2, Tomsk, 634003 Russia A. V. Chumaevskii, Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building, pl. Solyanaya 2, Tomsk, 634003 Russia E. A. Kolubaev, Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademicheskii 2/4, Tomsk, 634021 Russia S. A. Belyaev, Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building, pl. Solyanaya 2, Tomsk, 634003 Russia Journal Physics of the Solid State Online ISSN 1090-6460 Print ISSN 1063-7834 Journal Volume Volume 54 Journal Issue Volume 54, Number 10

Beschreibung:    The heat capacity of copper metaborate CuB 2 O 4 has been measured over a wide temperature range. A correlation between the composition of the CuO-B 2 O 3 system and the heat capacity of the oxide compounds has been found. Content Type Journal Article Category Thermal Properties Pages 2142-2144 DOI 10.1134/S1063783412100113 Authors V. M. Denisov, Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials Science, Siberian Federal University, pr. im. Gazety “Krasnoyarskii Rabochii” 95, Krasnoyarsk, 660025 Russia L. T. Denisova, Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials Science, Siberian Federal University, pr. im. Gazety “Krasnoyarskii Rabochii” 95, Krasnoyarsk, 660025 Russia L. A. Irtyugo, Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials Science, Siberian Federal University, pr. im. Gazety “Krasnoyarskii Rabochii” 95, Krasnoyarsk, 660025 Russia N. V. Volkov, Kirensky Institute of Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia G. S. Patrin, Kirensky Institute of Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia L. G. Chumilina, Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials Science, Siberian Federal University, pr. im. Gazety “Krasnoyarskii Rabochii” 95, Krasnoyarsk, 660025 Russia Journal Physics of the Solid State Online ISSN 1090-6460 Print ISSN 1063-7834 Journal Volume Volume 54 Journal Issue Volume 54, Number 10

Beschreibung:    The fractal dimension of the boundaries of clusters formed by pores and granules in polycrystalline materials is shown to be determined by the sample density and crystallite sizes. The dependence of the fractal dimension on the density has a maximum. It is shown that the maximum diamagnetic response can be obtained in a porous high-temperature superconductor with a porosity of 50–60% and small crystallite sizes. Content Type Journal Article Category Superconductivity Pages 1947-1950 DOI 10.1134/S1063783412100095 Authors A. A. Bykov, Kirensky Institute of Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia K. Yu. Terent’ev, Kirensky Institute of Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia D. M. Gokhfeld, Kirensky Institute of Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia M. I. Petrov, Kirensky Institute of Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia Journal Physics of the Solid State Online ISSN 1090-6460 Print ISSN 1063-7834 Journal Volume Volume 54 Journal Issue Volume 54, Number 10

Beschreibung:    The compound Bi 24 (CoBi)O 40 has been synthesized using the solid-phase reaction method. The temperature and field dependences of the magnetic moment in the temperature range 4 K 〈 T 〈 300 K and the temperature dependences of the EPR line width and g -factor at temperatures 80 K 〈 T 〈 300 K have been investigated. The electrical resistivity and thermoelectric power have been measured in the temperature range 100 K 〈 T 〈 1000 K. The activation energy has been determined and the crossover of the thermoelectric power from the phonon mechanism to the electron mechanism with variations in the temperature has been observed. The thermal expansion coefficient of the samples has been measured in the temperature range 300 K 〈 T 〈 1000 K and the qualitative agreement with the temperature behavior of the electrical resistivity has been achieved. The electrical and structural properties of the compound have been explained in the framework of the model of the electronic-structure transition with inclusion of the exchange and Coulomb interactions between electrons and the electron-phonon interaction. Content Type Journal Article Category Magnetism Pages 2005-2014 DOI 10.1134/S106378341210006X Authors S. S. Aplesnin, Reshetnev Siberian State Aerospace University, pr. imeni Gazety “Krasnoyarskii Rabochii” 31, Krasnoyarsk, 660014 Russia L. V. Udod, Reshetnev Siberian State Aerospace University, pr. imeni Gazety “Krasnoyarskii Rabochii” 31, Krasnoyarsk, 660014 Russia M. N. Sitnikov, Reshetnev Siberian State Aerospace University, pr. imeni Gazety “Krasnoyarskii Rabochii” 31, Krasnoyarsk, 660014 Russia D. A. Velikanov, Kirensky Institute of Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok 50-38, Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia M. V. Gorev, Kirensky Institute of Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok 50-38, Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia M. S. Molokeev, Kirensky Institute of Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok 50-38, Krasnoyarsk, 660036 Russia A. I. Galyas, Scientific-Practical Materials Research Centre, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, ul. Petrusya Brovki 19, Minsk, 220072 Belarus K. I. Yanushkevich, Scientific-Practical Materials Research Centre, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, ul. Petrusya Brovki 19, Minsk, 220072 Belarus Journal Physics of the Solid State Online ISSN 1090-6460 Print ISSN 1063-7834 Journal Volume Volume 54 Journal Issue Volume 54, Number 10

Beschreibung:    This paper reports on the results of the 57 Fe Mössbauer investigation of the short-range order in FeCoZr nanoparticles and also the studies of the electrical and magnetotransport properties of (FeCoZr) x (CaF 2 ) 100 − x granular nanocomposite films in the concentration range x = 16–75 at %. A correlation between the oxygen partial pressure during the synthesis of nanocomposites and the magnetic state of iron-containing nanoparticles has been established. The influence of the oxidation of metallic particles on the electron transport mechanisms and on the magnetoresistance of the films has been analyzed. It has been found that, in the nanocomposites with a high FeCoZr concentration ( x ∼ 70–75 at %), there is a preferred orientation of the magnetic moments of α-FeCo(Zr) nanoparticles in the direction perpendicular to the film plane. Content Type Journal Article Category Low-Dimensional Systems Pages 2091-2099 DOI 10.1134/S1063783412100186 Authors J. V. Kasiuk, National Scientific and Educational Centre of Particle and High-Energy Physics, Belarusian State University, ul. M. Bogdanovicha 153, Minsk, 220040 Belarus J. A. Fedotova, National Scientific and Educational Centre of Particle and High-Energy Physics, Belarusian State University, ul. M. Bogdanovicha 153, Minsk, 220040 Belarus I. A. Svito, Belarusian State University, pr. Nezavisimosti 4, Minsk, 220030 Belarus Yu. E. Kalinin, Voronezh State Technical University, Moskovskii pr. 14, Voronezh, 394026 Russia A. V. Sitnikov, Voronezh State Technical University, Moskovskii pr. 14, Voronezh, 394026 Russia Journal Physics of the Solid State Online ISSN 1090-6460 Print ISSN 1063-7834 Journal Volume Volume 54 Journal Issue Volume 54, Number 10