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Emissions mitigation opportunities for savanna countries from early dry season fire management (2018)

Lipsett-Moore, Geoffrey J. ; Wolff, Nicholas H. ; Game, Edward T.

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications. 2018; 9(1): 2247. Published 2018 Jun 08. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04687-7.

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Publication Date: 2018-06-08

Description: Savanna fires produce significant emissions globally, but if managed effectively could provide an important mitigation opportunity, particularly in African least developed countries. Here we show global opportunities for emissions reductions through early dry season burning for 37 countries including: 29 countries in Africa (69.1 MtCO2-e yr−1), six countries in South America (13.3 MtCO2-e yr−1), and Australia and Papua New Guinea (6.9 MtCO2-e yr−1). Emissions reduction estimates are based on the successful approach developed in Australia to reduce emissions from savanna fires using global-scale, remotely sensed estimates of monthly emissions. Importantly, 20 least developed countries in Africa account for 74% of the mitigation potential (60.2 MtCO2-e yr−1). More than 1.02 million km2 of savanna dominated protected areas within these countries could be used as pilot sites to test and advance a regional approach to mitigation efforts for savanna fires in Africa. Potential versus actual abatement opportunities are discussed.

Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

Published by Springer Nature

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CRISPR knockout screening identifies combinatorial drug targets in pancreatic cancer and models cellular drug response (2018)

Szlachta, Karol ; Kuscu, Cem ; Tufan, Turan ; [et al.]

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications. 2018; 9(1): 4275. Published 2018 Oct 15. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-06676-2.

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Publication Date: 2018-10-15

Description: Predicting the response and identifying additional targets that will improve the efficacy of chemotherapy is a major goal in cancer research. Through large-scale in vivo and in vitro CRISPR knockout screens in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells, we identified genes whose genetic deletion or pharmacologic inhibition synergistically increase the cytotoxicity of MEK signaling inhibitors. Furthermore, we show that CRISPR viability scores combined with basal gene expression levels could model global cellular responses to the drug treatment. We develop drug response evaluation by in vivo CRISPR screening (DREBIC) method and validated its efficacy using large-scale experimental data from independent experiments. Comparative analyses demonstrate that DREBIC predicts drug response in cancer cells from a wide range of tissues with high accuracy and identifies therapeutic vulnerabilities of cancer-causing mutations to MEK inhibitors in various cancer types.

Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics