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Emissions mitigation opportunities for savanna countries from early dry season fire management (2018)

Lipsett-Moore, Geoffrey J. ; Wolff, Nicholas H. ; Game, Edward T.

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications. 2018; 9(1): 2247. Published 2018 Jun 08. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04687-7.

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Publication Date: 2018-06-08

Description: Savanna fires produce significant emissions globally, but if managed effectively could provide an important mitigation opportunity, particularly in African least developed countries. Here we show global opportunities for emissions reductions through early dry season burning for 37 countries including: 29 countries in Africa (69.1 MtCO2-e yr−1), six countries in South America (13.3 MtCO2-e yr−1), and Australia and Papua New Guinea (6.9 MtCO2-e yr−1). Emissions reduction estimates are based on the successful approach developed in Australia to reduce emissions from savanna fires using global-scale, remotely sensed estimates of monthly emissions. Importantly, 20 least developed countries in Africa account for 74% of the mitigation potential (60.2 MtCO2-e yr−1). More than 1.02 million km2 of savanna dominated protected areas within these countries could be used as pilot sites to test and advance a regional approach to mitigation efforts for savanna fires in Africa. Potential versus actual abatement opportunities are discussed.

Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

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Intensifying the response of distributed optical fibre sensors using 2D and 3D image restoration (2016)

Soto, Marcelo A. ; Ramírez, Jaime A. ; Thévenaz, Luc

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications. 2016; 7(1): 10870. Published 2016 Mar 01. doi: 10.1038/ncomms10870.

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Publication Date: 2016-03-01

Description: Distributed optical fibre sensors possess the unique capability of measuring the spatial and temporal map of environmental quantities that can be of great interest for several field applications. Although existing methods for performance enhancement have enabled important progresses in the field, they do not take full advantage of all information present in the measured data, still giving room for substantial improvement over the state-of-the-art. Here we propose and experimentally demonstrate an approach for performance enhancement that exploits the high level of similitude and redundancy contained on the multidimensional information measured by distributed fibre sensors. Exploiting conventional image and video processing, an unprecedented boost in signal-to-noise ratio and measurement contrast is experimentally demonstrated. The method can be applied to any white-noise-limited distributed fibre sensor and can remarkably provide a 100-fold improvement in the sensor performance with no hardware modification.

Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

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Brainstem and spinal cord MRI identifies altered sensorimotor pathways post-stroke (2019)

Karbasforoushan, Haleh ; Cohen-Adad, Julien ; Dewald, Julius P. A.

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications. 2019; 10(1): 3524. Published 2019 Aug 06. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-11244-3.

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Publication Date: 2019-08-06

Description: Damage to the corticospinal tract is widely studied following unilateral subcortical stroke, whereas less is known about changes to other sensorimotor pathways. This may be due to the fact that many studies investigated morphological changes in the brain, where the majority of descending and ascending brain pathways are overlapping, and did not investigate the brainstem where they separate. Moreover, these pathways continue passing through separate regions in the spinal cord. Here, using a high-resolution structural MRI of both the brainstem and the cervical spinal cord, we were able to identify a number of microstructurally altered pathways, in addition to the corticospinal tract, post stroke. Moreover, decreases in ipsi-lesional corticospinal tract integrity and increases in contra-lesional medial reticulospinal tract integrity were correlated with motor impairment severity in individuals with stroke.

Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

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CRISPR knockout screening identifies combinatorial drug targets in pancreatic cancer and models cellular drug response (2018)

Szlachta, Karol ; Kuscu, Cem ; Tufan, Turan ; [et al.]

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications. 2018; 9(1): 4275. Published 2018 Oct 15. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-06676-2.

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Publication Date: 2018-10-15

Description: Predicting the response and identifying additional targets that will improve the efficacy of chemotherapy is a major goal in cancer research. Through large-scale in vivo and in vitro CRISPR knockout screens in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells, we identified genes whose genetic deletion or pharmacologic inhibition synergistically increase the cytotoxicity of MEK signaling inhibitors. Furthermore, we show that CRISPR viability scores combined with basal gene expression levels could model global cellular responses to the drug treatment. We develop drug response evaluation by in vivo CRISPR screening (DREBIC) method and validated its efficacy using large-scale experimental data from independent experiments. Comparative analyses demonstrate that DREBIC predicts drug response in cancer cells from a wide range of tissues with high accuracy and identifies therapeutic vulnerabilities of cancer-causing mutations to MEK inhibitors in various cancer types.

Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

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High diversity stabilizes the thermal resilience of pollinator communities in intensively managed grasslands (2015)

Sara Kühsel; Nico Blüthgen

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications

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Publication Date: 2015-08-12

Description: Article How variation in species responses to climate may influence the resilience of ecological communities to environmental change is not fully understood. Here, the authors characterize the thermal niches of insect pollinator communities and show that resilience increases along a gradient of land-use intensity. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8989 Authors: Sara Kühsel, Nico Blüthgen

Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

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Oestrogen sulfotransferase ablation sensitizes mice to sepsis (2015)

Xiaojuan Chai; Yan Guo; Mengxi Jiang; Bingfang Hu; Zhigang Li; Jie Fan; Meihong Deng; Timothy R. Billiar; Heidi R. Kucera; Nilesh W. Gaikwad; Meishu Xu; Peipei Lu; Jiong Yan; Haiyan Fu; Youhua Liu; Lushan Yu; Min Huang; Su Zeng; Wen Xie

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications

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Publication Date: 2015-08-12

Description: Article Sepsis, a systemic inflammatory response to bacterial infection, can lead to organ failure and death. Here, Chai et al. investigate the mechanisms behind the septic response and identify the role of oestrogen sulfotransferase in this process in mice. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8979 Authors: Xiaojuan Chai, Yan Guo, Mengxi Jiang, Bingfang Hu, Zhigang Li, Jie Fan, Meihong Deng, Timothy R. Billiar, Heidi R. Kucera, Nilesh W. Gaikwad, Meishu Xu, Peipei Lu, Jiong Yan, Haiyan Fu, Youhua Liu, Lushan Yu, Min Huang, Su Zeng, Wen Xie

Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

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DNA/RNA heteroduplex oligonucleotide for highly efficient gene silencing (2015)

Kazutaka Nishina; Wenying Piao; Kie Yoshida-Tanaka; Yumiko Sujino; Tomoko Nishina; Tsuyoshi Yamamoto; Keiko Nitta; Kotaro Yoshioka; Hiroya Kuwahara; Hidenori Yasuhara; Takeshi Baba; Fumiko Ono; Kanjiro Miyata; Koichi Miyake; Punit P. Seth; Audrey Low; Masayuki Yoshida; C. Frank Bennett; Kazunori Kataoka; Hidehiro Mizusawa; Satoshi Obika; Takanori Yokota

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications

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Publication Date: 2015-08-12

Description: Article Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) can repress the expression of specific genes. Here, the authors show that a DNA/RNA heteroduplex oligonucleotide (HDO) with a structure different from ASOs is more potent in suppressing target gene expression, and causes a less adverse effect in mouse liver. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8969 Authors: Kazutaka Nishina, Wenying Piao, Kie Yoshida-Tanaka, Yumiko Sujino, Tomoko Nishina, Tsuyoshi Yamamoto, Keiko Nitta, Kotaro Yoshioka, Hiroya Kuwahara, Hidenori Yasuhara, Takeshi Baba, Fumiko Ono, Kanjiro Miyata, Koichi Miyake, Punit P. Seth, Audrey Low, Masayuki Yoshida, C. Frank Bennett, Kazunori Kataoka, Hidehiro Mizusawa, Satoshi Obika, Takanori Yokota

Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

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Two enzymes with redundant fructose bisphosphatase activity sustain gluconeogenesis and virulence in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2015)

Uday Ganapathy; Joeli Marrero; Susannah Calhoun; Hyungjin Eoh; Luiz Pedro Sorio de Carvalho; Kyu Rhee; Sabine Ehrt

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications

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Publication Date: 2015-08-12

Description: Article Mycobacterium tuberculosis feeds on host fatty acids during infection, a process that requires a fructose bisphosphatase (FBPase) enzyme for gluconeogenesis. Here, Ganapathy et al. show that the bacterium has two different FBPases and that this enzymatic activity is required for full virulence. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8912 Authors: Uday Ganapathy, Joeli Marrero, Susannah Calhoun, Hyungjin Eoh, Luiz Pedro Sorio de Carvalho, Kyu Rhee, Sabine Ehrt

Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

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Deficient angiogenesis in redox-dead Cys17Ser PKARIα knock-in mice (2015)

Joseph R. Burgoyne; Olena Rudyk; Hyun-ju Cho; Oleksandra Prysyazhna; Natasha Hathaway; Amanda Weeks; Rachel Evans; Tony Ng; Katrin Schröder; Ralf P. Brandes; Ajay M. Shah; Philip Eaton

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications

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Publication Date: 2015-08-12

Description: Article The regulatory subunits (RI) of protein kinase A (PKA) form a disulfide bond in response to cellular hydrogen peroxide. Here the authors show that disulfide-activation of PKARIa regulates VEGF-induced angiogenesis in mice and may represent a new therapeutic target in diseases with abnormal angiogenesis. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8920 Authors: Joseph R. Burgoyne, Olena Rudyk, Hyun-ju Cho, Oleksandra Prysyazhna, Natasha Hathaway, Amanda Weeks, Rachel Evans, Tony Ng, Katrin Schröder, Ralf P. Brandes, Ajay M. Shah, Philip Eaton

Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

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Experimental superposition of orders of quantum gates (2015)

Lorenzo M. Procopio; Amir Moqanaki; Mateus Araújo; Fabio Costa; Irati Alonso Calafell; Emma G. Dowd; Deny R. Hamel; Lee A. RozemaČaslav Brukner; Philip Walther

Springer Nature

In: Nature Communications

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Publication Date: 2015-08-09

Description: Article It has been conjectured that not only states but also quantum operations can be placed in a superposition of causal order. Here, the authors use a qubit superpose the order in which two photonic gates are applied, which is shown to enable a more efficient detection of their commutation relations. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8913 Authors: Lorenzo M. Procopio, Amir Moqanaki, Mateus Araújo, Fabio Costa, Irati Alonso Calafell, Emma G. Dowd, Deny R. Hamel, Lee A. Rozema, Časlav Brukner, Philip Walther

Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

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