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  • 1
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Oxford University Press
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-11
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Digitale ISSN: 2040-5804
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-11
    Beschreibung: Parents influence their children's eating behavior by providing access to certain types of food, creating enjoyable mealtimes and associations with food, and by role modeling. In this study we investigate the association between parental employment and parental time spent eating with their children. Using data from the 2001/02 German Time Budget Survey, we explore associations between time spent eating with children and labor force participation in Germany. We find that parental labor force participation is negatively associated with time spent eating with children. Each additional hour of work per day by the mother is associated with a 2.4 minute decrease in the amount of time the mother spends eating with her children. For paternal hours of work, we find that the more time a father spends working, the less time the child spends eating with the father or with both parents. Overall, we find evidence of mother inter-gender time substitution and some amount of time/food away from home substitution. Understanding how parents allocate their time, where they are most likely to eat, and what drives these decisions is an important endeavor since parents play a critical role in shaping and reinforcing their children's eating practices.
    Schlagwort(e): D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Digitale ISSN: 2040-5804
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-11
    Beschreibung: While many governments subsidize extension programs, financial incentives for participation in extension programs are rare and little is known about such initiatives. This article assesses whether a financial incentive for an agricultural extension program for dairy farmers in Ireland has an impact on the type of farmer that participates in extension services. The findings reveal that financial incentives encourage participation, especially with cohorts of farmers that previously eschewed such programs. Several aspects of the overall economic effectiveness of the extension program are discussed and policy recommendations are outlined.
    Schlagwort(e): Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets, Q16 - R&D ; Agricultural Technology ; Agricultural Extension Services
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Digitale ISSN: 2040-5804
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-11
    Beschreibung: Using a mathematical programming model of Norwegian agriculture, we explore interconnections between trade liberalization and reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We show that the Doha Round proposals for a new agreement on agriculture through the World Trade Organization would not generate significant reductions in emissions. Further trade liberalization would reduce emissions by cutting agricultural production but would not change production methods. Imposing a carbon tax would lead both to a reduction in output and the extensification of production. In contrast, if farmers are allowed to claim a credit for carbon sequestration the effect is to intensify agricultural production.
    Schlagwort(e): F18 - Trade and Environment, Q17 - Agriculture in International Trade, Q54 - Climate ; Natural Disasters ; Global Warming
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Digitale ISSN: 2040-5804
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-11
    Beschreibung: The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) Program is a key part of America's safety net, but its structure fails to incentivize participants to be cost-conscious in their purchases and may cause retailers to attach excessive markups to WIC products. We investigate cost containment in the WIC Program, with a focus on California. Results show that smaller vendors often charge considerably higher prices for WIC foods than their larger counterparts. However, larger vendors do not mark up WIC foods more or promote them less than comparable control products. Cost containment can be improved by targeting WIC Program sales to larger vendors when it is possible to do so without compromising participant access, and using large-vendor prices as a benchmark to limit prices set by smaller vendors.
    Schlagwort(e): D12 - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis, I38 - Government Policy ; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs, Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Digitale ISSN: 2040-5804
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-11
    Beschreibung: Policy makers in the United States often justify agricultural subsidies by stressing that agriculture is the engine of the rural economy. We use the increase in crop prices in the late 2000s to estimate the marginal effect of increased agricultural revenues on local economies in the U.S. Heartland. We find that $1 more in crop revenue generated 64¢ in personal income, with most going to farm proprietors and workers (59%) or nonfarmers who own farm assets (36%). The evidence suggests a weak link between revenues and nonfarm income or employment, or on population. Cuts to agricultural subsidies are therefore likely to have little effect on the broader rural economy in regions like the Heartland.
    Schlagwort(e): J43 - Agricultural Labor Markets, O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Digitale ISSN: 2040-5804
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-11
    Beschreibung: Farmers throughout the developing world face multiple sources of uninsured risk to agricultural production and household assets. In this paper, we present results from an experimental demand-elicitation exercise in rural Bangladesh to shed light on smallholder farmers' interest in formal insurance products. We propose a suite of insurance and savings products, and we randomly vary the price of one insurance option (area-yield insurance) and the presence of one of the savings options (group savings). Consistent with economic theory, farmers buy more of the insurance products that cover the risks they primarily face. However, because farmers are subject to a variety of risks, they do not focus on only one type of insurance; instead, they evenly split their endowment between life and disability insurance and agricultural insurance. Demand for area-yield insurance falls with price; we also observe important cross-price elasticities with other insurance products. The presence of group savings does not alter demand for insurance, though group savings is found to be a particularly popular risk management tool, especially when decisions are made in groups.
    Schlagwort(e): C93 - Field Experiments, G22 - Insurance ; Insurance Companies, O13 - Agriculture ; Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment ; Other Primary Products, O16 - Economic Development: Financial Markets ; Saving and Capital Investment ; Corporate Finance and, Q14 - Agricultural Finance
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Digitale ISSN: 2040-5804
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Oxford University Press
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-11
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Digitale ISSN: 2040-5804
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-11
    Beschreibung: The monthly cycle of daily food intake among adult participants in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program is examined using data from the 2007–10 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Exogenous variation in interview and benefit receipt dates provides means for identification, and a difference-in-differences specification is used to account for the large boost in benefits that began in April 2009 via the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA). Caloric intake declined as much as 25% at the end of the month prior to ARRA, but not after implementation. Few differences were observed for diet quality measures or among subgroups. Increases in SNAP benefit amounts may help smooth food intake over the benefit month.
    Schlagwort(e): D12 - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis, E21 - Consumption ; Saving ; Wealth, I38 - Government Policy ; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Digitale ISSN: 2040-5804
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-11
    Beschreibung: Many applied economics journals ban the use of deception in experiments, which contrasts with the policies in other academic disciplines. We examine the cases for and against deception, and describe the ways deception can be employed in applied economics experiments. We create a general ranking of harms from deception in experiments and present evidence from a survey (conducted in summer 2014) of agricultural and applied economists eliciting attitudes towards ten different deceptive practices. Survey respondents view inflicting physical or psychological harm on participants and not making promised payments as the most severe forms of deception. Less severe forms of deception include providing participants with incomplete product information and conducting an experiment using participants who are not aware they are part of an experiment. Finally, we provide recommendations for policies addressing deception in experiments.
    Schlagwort(e): C80 - General, C81 - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Microeconomic Data, C90 - General
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Digitale ISSN: 2040-5804
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 11
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-11
    Beschreibung: Existing economic analysis of corn stover as an energy feedstock has not considered potential changes in land use associated with different stover prices. We estimate the response of corn stover supply density to its price driven by changes in land use and examine its implications for a processing plant's pricing strategy and marginal cost, as well as associated changes in soil erosion. We find that plants will exploit the intensive margin as well as the extensive margin to secure additional amounts of stover. Our results show, counterintuitively, that a market for stover may result in lower soil erosion due to reallocations of land to continuous corn with removal, which, combined with no-till farming, results in lower soil erosion than the baseline without stover removal. Also contrary to expectations, using cover crops with stover removal may result in higher soil erosion due to land use changes within the fuel shed associated with optimal pricing.
    Schlagwort(e): Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation, Q24 - Land, Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Digitale ISSN: 2040-5804
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 12
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-05-12
    Beschreibung: China has long struggled to achieve food security. In the era of a planned economy, local self-sufficiency was dictated by policy. With China's transition to a market economy, however, different policy schemes have been utilized, with greater emphasis placed on the role of market forces, especially in conjunction with China's accession to the World Trade Organization in 2001. Nevertheless, self-sufficiency in grain production remains a deeply rooted goal, and interventionist measures geared towards its achievement are still viewed as the most direct and effective means of food security. This paper examines how the well-being of China's rural population, proxied by measures of food consumption, is affected by the promotion of grain production. Our findings suggest that targeted households bear a disproportionate burden of food security policy, as it is currently implemented.
    Schlagwort(e): O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development, Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets, Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Digitale ISSN: 2040-5804
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 13
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-05-12
    Beschreibung: Policymakers have dedicated increasing attention to whether Americans have access to healthful food. As a result, various methods for measuring food store access at the national level have been developed to identify areas that lack access. However, these methods face definitional, data, and methodological limitations. The focus on neighborhoods instead of individuals underestimates the barriers that some individuals face in accessing healthy food, and overestimates the problem in other neighborhoods. This paper reviews and critiques currently available national-level measures of food access. While multiple measures of food access are needed to understand the problem, we recommend greater attention be paid to individual measures of food store access.
    Schlagwort(e): I14 - Health and Inequality, I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health, Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Digitale ISSN: 2040-5804
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 14
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Oxford University Press
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-05-12
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Digitale ISSN: 2040-5804
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 15
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Oxford University Press
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-05-12
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Digitale ISSN: 2040-5804
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 16
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-05-12
    Beschreibung: The Affordable Care Act has implications for the source of health insurance for farm households and potentially how much of their time they allocate to off-farm jobs and even the rate at which new operators enter farming. The Act will likely have impacts for the 1% of farms defined to be large employers, which are required to provide coverage for their workers or pay a penalty. While a very small share of all farms, they account for upward of 40% of the production for some commodities. How they adjust their use of farm labor in response to the Affordable Care Act has implications for farm structure.
    Schlagwort(e): I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health, J32 - Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits ; Private Pensions, Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Digitale ISSN: 2040-5804
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 17
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-05-12
    Beschreibung: Second-generation bioenergy feedstocks stand poised to become a key component of the nation's agricultural and energy sectors, yet few studies have examined farm supply response using survey information. We use contingent valuation data from farmers in southwestern Wisconsin to develop ex ante supply estimates for two prospective feedstocks—corn stover and switchgrass—in terms of farmers' extensive and intensive acreage decisions. Supply response is found to be price inelastic and spatially fragmented, making widespread production unlikely in the near-term. However, heterogeneity in farmer reservation prices suggests that agglomerations or "hot spots" of feedstock supply could arise at local or regional levels.
    Schlagwort(e): Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets, Q16 - R&D ; Agricultural Technology ; Agricultural Extension Services, Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Digitale ISSN: 2040-5804
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 18
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-05-12
    Beschreibung: The Canadian farm share for five crop-based products and seven livestock-based products from 1997 to 2010 is calculated using a supply chain IO analysis. Significant differences exist in farm shares across food commodities with higher farm shares for livestock products and lower farm shares for grain-based products. The decline in the Canadian farm share for food consumed at home is driven in large part by the food purchasing habits of consumers. This paper also addresses the hypothesis that the decline in the Canadian farm share could be partially driven by rising input costs in post-farmgate processes or rising input costs that have greater impact on downstream sectors than primary agricultural producers. Three experiments were conducted to assess the impact of an increase in the cost of corn, energy, and farm labor would have on commodity output prices, farm returns, food expenditure, and farm share. In all three cases, the overall farm share increases, albeit by a small amount, suggesting that these shocks have a larger relative impact on the prices of agricultural commodities than the prices of marketing commodities used in post-farmgate activities. A two-period comparison of these simulations shows that energy (corn and farm labour) price shocks would have had a greater (lower) impact on the farm share in 2007 than 1997.
    Schlagwort(e): Q11 - Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis ; Prices, Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing ; Cooperatives ; Agribusiness, Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Digitale ISSN: 2040-5804
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 19
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-05-12
    Beschreibung: Household food insecurity in the United States has reached its highest levels to date. As public and private initiatives have emerged to help improve diets by fostering access to food, the availability of more food stores may result in lower levels of food insecurity. In this article, we assess the relationship between adult food insecurity and food store density in metropolitan areas of the United States. We find that while small grocery/convenience stores show a mitigating effect on adult food insecurity across different samples of households, the effects of large supermarkets/grocery stores and supercenters vary. We also find that Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program participation and food access can have a simultaneously beneficial effect in reducing adult food insecurity. Implications for policies aiming to improve food security by fostering access to food stores are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): I14 - Health and Inequality, L81 - Retail and Wholesale Trade ; e-Commerce, Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Digitale ISSN: 2040-5804
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 20
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-05-12
    Beschreibung: This article analyzes the effect of formal care unmet needs on informal caregiving hours in Spain using two waves of the Informal Support Survey (1994, 2004). Testing for double sample selection from formal care and the emergence of unmet needs reveals that the omission of either variable causes underestimation of the number of informal caregiving hours. In the model for 2004, the selection term of the unmet needs equation is larger than that of the formal care equation, suggesting that the number of formal care recipients as a quality indicator may be confounding, if not completed with other quality indicators.
    Schlagwort(e): H41 - Public Goods, I10 - General, I11 - Analysis of Health Care Markets
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Digitale ISSN: 2040-5804
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 21
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-05-12
    Beschreibung: Farm households in developing countries generally allocate a major portion of their resources to staple food production, mainly for self-consumption. Hence, many of them are more or less delinked from the market. It is well recognized, however, that market participation is crucial for farm households to ensure a flow of cash income, leading to poverty alleviation and improved livelihoods. Thus, it is meaningful to understand what factors affect farm households' decision to sell food crops, which is important for strengthening their linkages with markets. The empirical literature on impacts of market linkages has seldom focused on the determinants of market participation. Using rice farm households in Bangladesh and applying a double-hurdle model, this article demonstrates that the provision of general education and the development of agricultural infrastructure such as irrigation facilities can strengthen the market linkages of farm households by enhancing their marketable surplus through increased production. By contrast, rainfall beyond the optimum level, drought spells, and flood incidences can weaken market linkages by reducing their marketable surplus through decreased production. Specific policies such as investment in general education are drawn up based on the findings.
    Schlagwort(e): C24 - Truncated and Censored Models, D01 - Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles, D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation, Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets, Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing ; Cooperatives ; Agribusiness
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Digitale ISSN: 2040-5804
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 22
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-02-11
    Beschreibung: Excess returns to producers insured by the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation can arise due to asymmetric information or from the design of the insurance programs themselves. Using unique, unit-level crop insurance contract data for major crops such as corn, soybeans, and wheat in five growing regions, we find evidence that producers in most regions may profit by selecting optional units, buy-up coverage, or by using transitional yields to participate in the federal crop insurance program. We also find evidence that advantages increase with land resource heterogeneity. However, the results do not support hypotheses that producers profit by selecting revenue insurance, nor that high levels of government "incompetence" exist in the design and administration of the crop insurance system.
    Schlagwort(e): Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Digitale ISSN: 2040-5804
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 23
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-02-11
    Beschreibung: Animal waste from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) is a significant contributor to nitrate contamination of groundwater. To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of alternative policies for controlling nitrate pollution at both the field and farm level, this article utilizes a structural dynamic model of a representative CAFO. The model accounts for herd management, manure handling systems, crop rotations, water sources, irrigation systems, waste disposal options, and pollutant emissions. Results show that the standard approach of limiting the amount of animal waste that may be applied to fields reduces net farm income by more than 25%, whereas the most cost-effective emission-based policies reduce income only marginally. This motivates greater consideration for nonpoint source pollution control policies that target estimated emissions. Furthermore, price instruments are shown to slightly outperform quantity instruments under conditions that are typical for CAFOs. The results also show that adopting alternative technologies and practices is crucial for cost-effective abatement, and demonstrate the importance of accounting for the spatial heterogeneity of both irrigation water and salinity when designing policy mechanisms for nitrate pollution control.
    Schlagwort(e): Q53 - Air Pollution ; Water Pollution ; Noise ; Hazardous Waste ; Solid Waste ; Recycling, Q58 - Government Policy
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Digitale ISSN: 2040-5804
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
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  • 24
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Oxford University Press
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-02-11
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Digitale ISSN: 2040-5804
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
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  • 25
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Oxford University Press
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-02-11
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Digitale ISSN: 2040-5804
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
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  • 26
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    Oxford University Press
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-02-11
    Beschreibung: We analyze the various welfare costs, transfers, trade, and employment consequences of the current U.S. sugar program for U.S. consumers, other sugar users, sugar refiners, cane and beet growing and processing industries, other associated agricultural sectors, and world markets. The removal of the sugar program would increase U.S. consumers' welfare by $2.9 to $3.5 billion each year and generate a modest job creation of 17,000 to 20,000 new jobs in food manufacturing and related industries. Imports of sugar containing products would fall dramatically, especially confectioneries substituting for domestic inputs under the sugar program. Sugar imports would rise substantially to 5–6 million short tons raw sugar equivalent. World sugar price increases would be minor, equivalent to about 1 cent per pound.
    Schlagwort(e): F13 - Trade Policy ; International Trade Organizations, Q17 - Agriculture in International Trade, Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Digitale ISSN: 2040-5804
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
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  • 27
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-02-11
    Beschreibung: We study the productivity-survival link in the U.S. poultry processing industry using longitudinal data constructed from 5 censuses of manufactures between 1987 and 2007. First, we study the effects of physical productivity and demand-specific factors on plant survival and ownership change. Second, we analyze the determinants of the firm-level expansion. The results show that higher demand-specific factors decrease the probability of exit and increase the probability of ownership change. The effect of physical productivity on the probability of exit or ownership change is generally insignificant. Also, firms with higher demand-specific factors have higher probability to expand, whereas average firm-level physical productivity turns out to be an insignificant determinant of firm expansion. Since demand specific factors all favor large companies, this could expedite industry concentration process already well under way and could raise new concerns over contract growers' income and consumers' welfare.
    Schlagwort(e): D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital and Total Factor Productivity ; Capacity, L66 - Food ; Beverages ; Cosmetics ; Tobacco ; Wine and Spirits
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Digitale ISSN: 2040-5804
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 28
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-02-11
    Beschreibung: In 2003, the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS) was initiated in China to provide rural inhabitants with financial protection against health risks. The benefit package was extended to outpatient care in 2007. Using the China Health and Nutrition Survey of 2009, this paper examines the relationship between the households participating in the NCMS and the level and distribution of catastrophic health payments and health payment-induced poverty resulting from outpatient care. The study finds no significant difference in terms of catastrophic health payments and health payment-induced poverty before and after NCMS reimbursement. The out-of-pocket payments (OOP) are concentrated disproportionately among the poor even after the insurance reimbursement. This heavy burden of OOP payments has become a poverty trap for the poor. This study calls for a more comprehensive insurance and effective insurance package.
    Schlagwort(e): I13 - Health Insurance, Public and Private, I14 - Health and Inequality
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Digitale ISSN: 2040-5804
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 29
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-02-11
    Beschreibung: This paper examines the effects which agricultural economists had on developments in economics and on economic policies during the years 1910-1960. These developments are viewed against the backdrop of what was happening in the economy at large and particularly with respect to farmers, and of major books and articles in economics published in the period. Some ideas of agricultural economists and the influence they had are discussed. Agricultural issues and agricultural economists, in the broad sense, had a profound influence on the development of general economics and on economic policies during this period.
    Schlagwort(e): B23 - History of Economic Thought: Econometrics ; Quantitative and Mathematical Studies, Q19 - Other
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Digitale ISSN: 2040-5804
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 30
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Oxford University Press
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-11-06
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Digitale ISSN: 2040-5804
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 31
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Oxford University Press
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-11-06
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Digitale ISSN: 2040-5804
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 32
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Oxford University Press
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-11-06
    Beschreibung: Increasingly, there are calls to audit models used in public policy for how accurately they portray the reality facing policy makers. Although models cannot be logically verified as accurate representations of reality, past work concludes that modelers can reasonably demonstrate the degree of correspondence. How to establish real-world correspondence remains an open question. This paper outlines a framework of pre-modeling data diagnostics to provide evidence of correspondence. The scheme—based on Nonlinear Time Series Analysis—provides a rigorous benchmark for specification and testing of policy models that reduces the likelihood that a misspecified model is discredited by an unanticipated crisis.
    Schlagwort(e): B40 - General, E60 - General
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Digitale ISSN: 2040-5804
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 33
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Oxford University Press
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-11-06
    Beschreibung: I compare the distribution of risk attitudes of farm owners in the United States to nonfarm business owners and the general population using a measure of risk tolerance collected from national surveys. I find that farmers are significantly more tolerant of risk than the general population, though they are significantly less tolerant of risk than nonfarm business owners. Once demographic differences are controlled, farm and nonfarm business owners are more similar in their risk attitudes and both groups remain significantly more risk tolerant than the general population. First-generation farmers display greater risk tolerance than farmers who inherit operations from family members, as do farmers who have just begun operating a farm; neither pattern emerges among nonfarm business owners. The most risk tolerant farmers are young and male with larger operations, higher incomes, less formal education and close proximity to metropolitan centers. Among farmers, those with less diversified operations and those with specialty enterprises are more risk tolerant than other types of farmers. Crop farmers are less risk tolerant than fruit and vegetable farmers or farmers with specialty enterprises, while farmers who receive government payments or buy enterprise insurance are not significantly different in risk tolerance from farmers who eschew such opportunities. These findings stimulate questions about how farm programs and the distinct challenges of entry in the production agriculture sector shape the underlying distribution of key farmer characteristics such as risk tolerance.
    Schlagwort(e): D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty, Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Digitale ISSN: 2040-5804
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 34
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-11-06
    Beschreibung: This paper proposes a finite mixture model to identify the behavioral transition of calorie consumption with an assumption that nutrition consumption is a mixture of behaviors in two different stages: a poor stage and an affluent stage. Based on a meta-analysis of 387 calorie-income elasticities collected from 90 primary studies, it is found that the threshold income for calorie demand transition is $460 in 2012 prices. This implies that the transitional threshold for calorie consumption is $1.26/day, which is slightly lower than the World Bank's poverty line ($1.25/day in 2005 purchasing power parity prices) after deflation. This study provides a new empirical approach to evaluate the transition of calorie consumption and poverty line.
    Schlagwort(e): D12 - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Digitale ISSN: 2040-5804
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 35
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-11-06
    Beschreibung: Using subregional models of crop production choices in central Wisconsin and southwest Michigan, we predict biomass production, land use, and environmental impacts with details that are unavailable from national scale models. When biomass prices are raised exogenously, we find that the subregional models overestimate the supply, the land use, and the beneficial environmental aspects of perennial biomass crops. Multi-market price feedbacks tied to realistic policy parameters predict high threshold absolute prices for biomass to enter production, resulting in intensified production of biomass from annual grain crops with damaging environmental impacts. Multi-market feedbacks also predict regional specialization in energy biomass production in areas with lower yields of food crops. Policies promoting biofuels will not necessarily generate environmental benefits in the absence of environmental regulations.
    Schlagwort(e): Q16 - R&D ; Agricultural Technology ; Agricultural Extension Services, Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources, Q50 - General
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Digitale ISSN: 2040-5804
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 36
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-11-06
    Beschreibung: Proliferating evidence reporting on standardized cross-country concentration indexes of income-related self-reported health is increasingly being used for policy evaluation. Nonetheless, limited efforts have been put forward to examine the extent to which such evidence is subject to any specific methodological and publication biases, given that studies rely upon survey data from different samples, heterogeneous health system institutions and empirical strategies. We conduct the first study drawing upon appropriate statistical methods to examine the presence of publication bias in the health economics literature measuring health inequalities of self-reported health. We test for other biases including the effect of precision estimates based on meta-regression analysis (MRA). We account for a set of biases in estimates of income-related health inequalities that rely on concentration index-related methods and self-reported health measures. Our findings suggest evidence of publication bias that primarily depends on the cardinalization of self-reported health and some evidence of study-specific precision.
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Digitale ISSN: 2040-5804
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 37
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-11-06
    Beschreibung: According to the World Health Organization, the obesity epidemic is a threat. Brazil is not an exception, and the objective of this article is to analyze the effects of a "fat tax" there. For this purpose, the estimation of a demand system was carried out and policy simulations were performed using the estimated parameters. The simulation results indicate that to be successful, this "fat tax" must be combined with a subsidy on healthy food. Another contribution was the analysis of a linear symmetric revenue-neutral tax schedule with more pronounced changes to micronutrient intake at no net cost to the government.
    Schlagwort(e): D12 - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis, D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation, I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Digitale ISSN: 2040-5804
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 38
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-11-06
    Beschreibung: This study investigates the tradeoffs that providers of genetic materials make between constructing a benefits arrangement and establishing use restrictions. The analysis makes use of individual- and project-level data collected from university and government researchers in the United States. Results show, for instance, that although most genetic resources are exchanged without up-front payments, when up-front payments are required for transfer, recipients are less likely to be expected to contribute monetary or non-monetary benefits after receipt of material. Recipients are also less likely to be subjected to ex post restrictions on the use of the materials they receive. Conversely, when recipients are expected to provide information from project results, up-front payments for genetic materials are less likely to be assessed. The paper concludes that up-front payments can be applied in ways that avoid complex restrictions and obligations that may hinder the exchange of genetic materials, public research, and further innovation.
    Schlagwort(e): O30 - General, O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives, O38 - Government Policy
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Digitale ISSN: 2040-5804
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 39
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-11-06
    Beschreibung: The environmental impacts of economic activities have become an important aspect in the evaluation of their overall performance. Consistently, traditional measures of technical efficiency have been extended to assess both the economic and environmental performance of firms. This study aims to use these measures to analyze the performance of a sample of Catalan arable crop farms. Specifically, we apply the methodology recently developed by Coelli et al. (2007) and Murty et al. (2012) , and extend it to a consideration of the stochastic conditions under which production takes place as proposed by Chambers and Quiggin (1998 and 2000 ). Results suggest that efficiency ratings depend on model specification. Also, ignoring the stochastic nature of production yields downward-biased efficiency scores. Empirical findings suggest that environmental and technical efficiency are strongly interrelated indicating that an efficient use of chemical inputs improves both environmental and technical performance of farms.
    Schlagwort(e): C61 - Optimization Techniques ; Programming Models ; Dynamic Analysis, D24 - Production ; Cost ; Capital and Total Factor Productivity ; Capacity, Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Digitale ISSN: 2040-5804
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 40
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-02-11
    Beschreibung: We analyze the inclusiveness and effectiveness of agricultural cooperatives in Rwanda. We estimate mean income and poverty effects of cooperative membership using propensity score matching techniques. We analyze heterogeneous treatment effects across farmers by analyzing how estimated treatment effects vary over farm and farmer characteristics and over the estimated propensity score. We find that cooperative membership in general increases income and reduces poverty and that these effects are largest for larger farms and in more remote areas. We find evidence of a negative selection because impact is largest for farmers with the lowest propensity to be a cooperative member .
    Schlagwort(e): I32 - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty, J54 - Producer Cooperatives ; Labor Managed Firms, Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing ; Cooperatives ; Agribusiness
    Print ISSN: 2040-5790
    Digitale ISSN: 2040-5804
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Publiziert von Oxford University Press
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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