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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2013-09-07
    Description: Describes the above-named upcoming special issue or section. May include topics to be covered or calls for papers.
    Print ISSN: 0018-9480
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 2
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    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Publication Date: 2013-10-05
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  • 3
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    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Publication Date: 2013-10-05
    Description: We present a robust space mapping (SM) algorithm exploiting electromagnetic (EM)-based adjoint sensitivities for microwave design optimization. Our approach utilizes low-cost EM-based adjoint sensitivities and trust region methods to improve an SM algorithm at three levels, which are: 1) to build a better overall surrogate while ensuring convergence; 2) to speed up and safeguard the parameter extraction steps; and 3) to speed up and safeguard the surrogate optimization process. We describe the implementation at each level in detail. We review relevant adjoint sensitivity analysis methods. We also review prior SM methods that exploit both sensitivity and adjoint sensitivity. We summarize these methods in four categories. We compare our proposed approach with them. Efficiency, robustness, and versatility of our method are demonstrated by three design examples: an antenna, a planar filter, and a 3-D resonator filter. We compare the results with those obtained by SM without using adjoint sensitivity information and by direct optimization of the high-fidelity EM models.
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2013-10-05
    Description: This paper reports a novel synthesis method for microwave bandpass filters with resonant source–load connection. In effect, a network realizing $N+1$ transmission zeros (where $N$ is the number of reflection zeros) is obtained. The method is based on a prototype transversal coupling matrix $(N+2, N+2)$ with source and load connected by a resonant circuit formed by a capacitor in parallel with a frequency-invariant susceptance. To complement the proposed synthesis technique, a method of reconfiguring the transversal coupling matrix as a more practical cross-coupled circuit is outlined. The technique is based on quickly converging gradient optimization with a cost function involving generalized eigenvalues of the transversal coupling matrix and its principal upper and lower submatrices. To illustrate and validate the proposed synthesis procedure, numerical tests have been carried out. Moreover, some aspects of implementation of the resonant connection between source and load were investigated, and experimental verification was performed. A third-order generalized Chebyshev filter with four transmission zeros was designed, fabricated, and tested. The measured results validate the proposed synthesis method.
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2013-10-05
    Description: A new class of three-dimensional (3-D) bandpass frequency-selective structures (FSSs) with multiple transmission zeros is presented to realize wide out-of-band rejection. The proposed FSSs are based on a two-dimensional (2-D) array of shielded microstrip lines with shorting via to ground, where two different resonators in the substrate are constructed based on the excited substrate mode. Furthermore, metallic plates of rectangular shape and “T-type” are inserted in the air region of shielded microstrip lines, which can introduce additional resonators provided by the air mode. Using this arrangement, a passband with two transmission poles can be obtained. Moreover, multiple transmission zeros outside the passband are produced for improving the out-of-band rejection. The operating principles of these FSSs are explained with the aid of equivalent circuit models. Two examples are designed, fabricated, and measured to verify the proposed structures and circuit models. Measured results demonstrate that the FSSs exhibit high out-of-band rejection and stable filtering response under a large variation of the incidence angle.
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2013-10-05
    Description: This paper presents an accurate synthesis method for inline and cross-coupled generalized Chebyshev bandpass filters with frequency-dependent couplings implemented via open and short stubs. The technique involves the synthesis of a lumped-element prototype in the form of a coupling matrix with a frequency-dependent term and the conversion of this prototype to a distributed-element model composed of sections of TEM lines. This takes into account the impedance (or admittance) of the stubs, thus allowing compensation for the loading effect. The design equations are derived for the stub impedance in terms of a coupling coefficient and for the allowable frequency range in which the model is valid. Additionally, the proposed methodology allows the simultaneous application of frequency-dependent couplings with positive and negative dispersive parts within the same network. The validity of this method is confirmed by numerical tests and through experiments, including filters with dispersive couplings of the opposite signs.
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  • 7
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    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Publication Date: 2013-10-05
    Description: This paper presents a method of creating multi-port couplers by mirroring conventional coupler structures, such as 90 $^{circ}$ hybrids, Saleh power dividers, and Wilkinson couplers. These created structures maintain some very useful features of the original structures, for example, stable phase shifting between ports, equal power dividing, and port isolation. Theoretical analysis method of these structures is discussed for $S$ -parameter derivation. Example structures: a four-way coupler by mirroring 90 $^{circ}$ hybrid couplers, and an eight-way coupler by mirroring Saleh power-dividing couplers were built and tested according to the method discussed. A good match was found between theoretical analysis and measurements.
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2013-10-05
    Description: In this paper, a third-order tunable diplexer and a third-order tunable dual-band bandpass filter with flexible tuning capabilities and high selectivity are proposed. Both the diplexer and dual-band filter consist of two passbands that share a common resonator for size reduction. By adding tuning elements in the middle and ends of the common resonator, the resonant frequencies of the even and odd modes can be independently tuned, thus offering flexible tuning for multi-band operations. Also, by adding extra resonators next to the common resonator, high-order tunable multi-band filters can be obtained with higher stopband suppression. The 1.3–2.4-GHz tunable diplexer shows that the two channels can be either independently tuned or simultaneously tuned as desired. The two channels cover a fractional tuning range of 34% and 18.6%, respectively, while keeping high stopband suppressions, higher isolation, and good input impedance matching. Similarly, the 1.1–2.45-GHz tunable dual-band filter shows independent and simultaneous tuning capability operating with good impedance matching and high stopband suppression.
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  • 9
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    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Publication Date: 2013-10-05
    Description: A microwave three-channel selector, showing twofold symmetry using tri-operational mode synthesized transmission lines, is proposed and investigated in this paper. On one hand, just like a typical triplexer, the three-channel selector provides independent transmission paths at three different frequencies; however, on the other hand, the twofold symmetry makes each of the ports able to serve as the common input. The arrangement of the proposed channel selector is unique and can be applied to synthesize a tri-mode heterogeneous integrated beam-switching/Van Atta/phase-conjugating array. The operational principle is introduced first, followed by the details of the synthesized lines as the core building blocks; design formulas are discussed along with the results. Experimental validation verifies the design concept, and discussions on its potential applications are provided.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2013-10-05
    Description: Wideband pulsed power amplifiers (PAs) often exhibit undesirable transient oscillations at the trailing edges of the pulsed radiofrequency (RF) output. To combat this problem, this paper introduces an approach for predicting and eliminating such transient oscillations in pulsed PAs. Root causes for the transient oscillations are identified and contrasted with other time-domain pulse-distortion phenomena. Effective analytical techniques are presented for predicting transient instability during the PA design process. These techniques are demonstrated using a series of monolithic GaAs HBT Class-A and Class-C ultra-wideband (UWB) pulsed PA RF integrated circuits (RFICs). RFIC variants designed to exhibit no transient oscillations successfully show no such effects; RFIC variants designed without considering transient stability as a design tradeoff do indeed generate pulsed transients with measured oscillation frequencies and damping ratio parameters in less than 2% error with predictions. These results should greatly facilitate the design of pulsed transmitters for wideband/UWB communications and radar applications.
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