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  • Articles  (60,563)
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  • 1
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    Turning point: Industry immigrant (2017)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-11-02
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Spotlight on Food Science in Japan (2017)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2017-03-30
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Therapeutic cancer vaccine survives biotech bust (2015)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-26
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Science’s status shifts in new Brexit government (2016)
    Springer Nature
    In: Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-21
    Description: Science’s status shifts in new Brexit government Nature 535, 7612 (2016). http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nature.2016.20264 Author: Davide Castelvecchi Reshuffled UK administration signals change for research and science policy.
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  • 5
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    Behavioural ecology: Bees like their pollen sweet (2016)
    Springer Nature
    In: Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-21
    Description: Behavioural ecology: Bees like their pollen sweet Nature 535, 7612 (2016). doi:10.1038/535327d Bees can taste the pollen they collect, and favour the sweet kind.Felicity Muth and her colleagues at the University of Nevada in Reno offered bumblebees (Bombus impatiens) an artificial flower containing one of three types of pollen — sweet, bitter or unflavoured.
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  • 6
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    South China Sea ruling sparks conservation fears (2016)
    Springer Nature
    In: Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-21
    Description: South China Sea ruling sparks conservation fears Nature 535, 7612 (2016). http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/535334a Author: David Cyranoski Court decision escalates tensions in ecologically sensitive region, but may also push nations to cooperate.
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  • 7
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    UK research assessment should boost support for principal investigators (2016)
    Springer Nature
    In: Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-04
    Description: UK research assessment should boost support for principal investigators Nature 536, 7614 (2016). doi:10.1038/536005a The Stern review backed the Research Excellence Framework but missed a chance to ease the burden on group leaders.
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  • 8
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    Microscopy: Single ions make sharper images (2016)
    Springer Nature
    In: Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-04
    Description: Microscopy: Single ions make sharper images Nature 536, 7614 (2016). doi:10.1038/536008b A microscope creates images with nanometre resolution by exposing samples to single ions.In electron and ion microscopy, increasing a sample's exposure time can improve the signal-to-noise ratio and result in clearer images, but this can damage or contaminate the sample. To avoid this, Georg
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Exercise physiology: Ketones alter metabolism (2016)
    Springer Nature
    In: Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-04
    Description: Exercise physiology: Ketones alter metabolism Nature 536, 7614 (2016). doi:10.1038/536008c Athletes' physical endurance can be enhanced by drinking ketones — biochemical fuel normally produced during starvation.Fasting or prolonged exercise drives liver cells to make ketone bodies as a fast-acting fuel to help tissues cope with the energy deficit. To test the effect of these
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  • 10
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    Neuroscience: Fruit flies care about texture (2016)
    Springer Nature
    In: Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-04
    Description: Neuroscience: Fruit flies care about texture Nature 536, 7614 (2016). doi:10.1038/536009a Fruit flies prefer food with certain textures, thanks to specific neurons in the brain that connect to taste sensors in the tongue.Yali Zhang and Craig Montell at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and their colleagues gave fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) liquid
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  • 11
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    Donald Trump’s appeal should be a call to arms (2016)
    Springer Nature
    In: Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-04
    Description: Donald Trump’s appeal should be a call to arms Nature 536, 7614 (2016). http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/536007a Author: Daniel Sarewitz Trump’s nomination as Republican presidential candidate is a reminder that scientific progress has not benefited all Americans, says Daniel Sarewitz.
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  • 12
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    Step aside, Olympics: here’s the Cybathlon (2016)
    Springer Nature
    In: Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-04
    Description: Step aside, Olympics: here’s the Cybathlon Nature 536, 7614 (2016). doi:10.1038/536005b The Olympic Games celebrate physical prowess, but a cyborg Olympics honours and attempts to improve the lives of disabled people.
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  • 13
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    Evolution: Long trips foster tool use (2016)
    Springer Nature
    In: Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-04
    Description: Evolution: Long trips foster tool use Nature 536, 7614 (2016). doi:10.1038/536009c Chimpanzees that travel farther in search of food are more likely to use tools than are their less-travelled counterparts.Thibaud Gruber and his colleagues at the University of Neuchâtel in Switzerland studied wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii; pictured) in Uganda, using six
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  • 14
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    Immunology: Gut microbes boost antibodies (2016)
    Springer Nature
    In: Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-04
    Description: Immunology: Gut microbes boost antibodies Nature 536, 7614 (2016). doi:10.1038/536009b Intestinal bacteria release metabolic by-products that support antibody-producing immune cells.Gut microbes produce short-chain fatty acids as they digest dietary fibre. Chang Kim and his colleagues at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana, treated cultured B cells with the fatty acids and found that this
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  • 15
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    Ecology: Insecticides hurt male bees too (2016)
    Springer Nature
    In: Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-04
    Description: Ecology: Insecticides hurt male bees too Nature 536, 7614 (2016). doi:10.1038/536009e A class of pesticides that has been linked to declining bee populations harms the reproductive capacity of male honeybees, not just that of queens as other research has shown.Neonicotinoid pesticides are currently banned by the European Union because of their effects on bees. Lars
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  • 16
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    Animal behaviour: Humpbacks to the rescue (2016)
    Springer Nature
    In: Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-04
    Description: Animal behaviour: Humpbacks to the rescue Nature 536, 7614 (2016). doi:10.1038/536008d Humpback whales come to the assistance of other species by harassing the killer whales that are attacking those animals.Robert Pitman at the Southwest Fisheries Science Center in La Jolla, California, and his colleagues reviewed reports of 115 interactions between humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae
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  • 17
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    Conservation: Farmed salmon go wild (2016)
    Springer Nature
    In: Nature
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    Publication Date: 2016-08-04
    Description: Conservation: Farmed salmon go wild Nature 536, 7614 (2016). doi:10.1038/536008a Norway's wild salmon owe part of their genetic make-up to escapees from salmon farms, which could compromise the fitness of the wild population.Wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar; pictured) are more genetically diverse and generally better adapted to the environment than are their
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  • 18
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    Troubled Japanese space agency seeks fresh start (2016)
    Springer Nature
    In: Nature
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    Publication Date: 2016-08-04
    Description: Troubled Japanese space agency seeks fresh start Nature 536, 7614 (2016). http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/536013a Author: Alexandra Witze Push to resurrect instrument lost during satellite failure highlights JAXA’s resilience.
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  • 19
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    Environmental science: Humans have a hand in wildfires (2016)
    Springer Nature
    In: Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-04
    Description: Environmental science: Humans have a hand in wildfires Nature 536, 7614 (2016). doi:10.1038/536009d People strongly influence the likelihood of fires in forests, grasslands and other ecosystems across the United States and Canada, mostly by lowering fire risks.People can ignite fires, but can also suppress them by altering properties of the land, for example by removing natural vegetation.
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  • 20
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    The week in science: 29 July–4 August 2016 (2016)
    Springer Nature
    In: Nature
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    Publication Date: 2016-08-04
    Description: The week in science: 29 July–4 August 2016 Nature 536, 7614 (2016). http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/536010a Theranos debuts new blood-testing device; Google and GlaxoSmithKline team up on bioelectronics; and United States has first domestic Zika transmissions.
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  • 21
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    Legal confusion threatens to slow data science (2016)
    Springer Nature
    In: Nature
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    Publication Date: 2016-08-04
    Description: Legal confusion threatens to slow data science Nature 536, 7614 (2016). http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/536016a Author: Simon Oxenham Researcher who spent months chasing permission to republish online data sets urges others to read up on the law.
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  • 22
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    Welcome to the Cyborg Olympics (2016)
    Springer Nature
    In: Nature
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    Publication Date: 2016-08-04
    Description: Welcome to the Cyborg Olympics Nature 536, 7614 (2016). http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/536020a Author: Sara Reardon The Cybathlon aims to help disabled people navigate the most difficult course of all: the everyday world.
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  • 23
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    Take responsibility for electronic-waste disposal (2016)
    Springer Nature
    In: Nature
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    Publication Date: 2016-08-04
    Description: Take responsibility for electronic-waste disposal Nature 536, 7614 (2016). doi:10.1038/536023a Authors: Zhaohua Wang, Bin Zhang & Dabo Guan International cooperation is needed to stop developed nations simply offloading defunct electronics on developing countries, argue Zhaohua Wang, Bin Zhang and Dabo Guan.
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  • 24
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    Economics: Singular currency (2016)
    Springer Nature
    In: Nature
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    Publication Date: 2016-08-04
    Description: Economics: Singular currency Nature 536, 7614 (2016). doi:10.1038/536026a Author: Jonathan Portes Jonathan Portes parses Joseph Stiglitz's analysis of the euro in the context of the global financial crisis.
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  • 25
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    China: A hydrological history (2016)
    Springer Nature
    In: Nature
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    Publication Date: 2016-08-04
    Description: China: A hydrological history Nature 536, 7614 (2016). doi:10.1038/536028a Author: Andrea Janku Andrea Janku enjoys a study of the nation-building role of China's great rivers, the Yellow and the Yangtze.
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  • 26
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    Child development: A cognitive case for un‑parenting (2016)
    Springer Nature
    In: Nature
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    Publication Date: 2016-08-04
    Description: Child development: A cognitive case for un‑parenting Nature 536, 7614 (2016). doi:10.1038/536027a Author: Josie Glausiusz Josie Glausiusz relishes Alison Gopnik's study on how child-rearing demands the embrace of messy realities.
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  • 27
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    Conference presentations: Lead the poster parade (2016)
    Springer Nature
    In: Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-04
    Description: Conference presentations: Lead the poster parade Nature (2016). doi:10.1038/nj7614-115a Author: Chris Woolston An eye-catching presentation can attract potential collaborators — and even a cash prize.
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  • 28
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    Monumental proof to torment mathematicians for years to come (2016)
    Springer Nature
    In: Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-04
    Description: Monumental proof to torment mathematicians for years to come Nature 536, 7614 (2016). http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nature.2016.20342 Author: Davide Castelvecchi Conference on Shinichi Mochizuki’s work inspires cautious optimism.
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  • 29
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    Scientists seek influence on ‘Brexit ministry’ (2016)
    Springer Nature
    In: Nature
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    Publication Date: 2016-08-04
    Description: Scientists seek influence on ‘Brexit ministry’ Nature 536, 7614 (2016). http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/536015a Author: Elizabeth Gibney They hope for an active role in the UK department for exiting the EU.
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  • 30
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    Structural basis of potent Zika–dengue virus antibody cross-neutralization (2016)
    Springer Nature
    In: Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-04
    Description: Structural basis of potent Zika–dengue virus antibody cross-neutralization Nature 536, 7614 (2016). doi:10.1038/nature18938 Authors: Giovanna Barba-Spaeth, Wanwisa Dejnirattisai, Alexander Rouvinski, Marie-Christine Vaney, Iris Medits, Arvind Sharma, Etienne Simon-Lorière, Anavaj Sakuntabhai, Van-Mai Cao-Lormeau, Ahmed Haouz, Patrick England, Karin Stiasny, Juthathip Mongkolsapaya, Franz X. Heinz, Gavin R. Screaton & Félix A. Rey Zika virus is a member of the Flavivirus genus that had not been associated with severe disease in humans until the recent outbreaks, when it was linked to microcephaly in newborns in Brazil and to Guillain–Barré syndrome in adults in French Polynesia. Zika virus is
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  • 31
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    Carbon-based tribofilms from lubricating oils (2016)
    Springer Nature
    In: Nature
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    Publication Date: 2016-08-04
    Description: Carbon-based tribofilms from lubricating oils Nature 536, 7614 (2016). doi:10.1038/nature18948 Authors: Ali Erdemir, Giovanni Ramirez, Osman L. Eryilmaz, Badri Narayanan, Yifeng Liao, Ganesh Kamath & Subramanian K. R. S. Sankaranarayanan Moving mechanical interfaces are commonly lubricated and separated by a combination of fluid films and solid ‘tribofilms’, which together ensure easy slippage and long wear life. The efficacy of the fluid film is governed by the viscosity of the base oil in the lubricant; the efficacy of the solid tribofilm, which is produced as a result of sliding contact between moving parts, relies upon the effectiveness of the lubricant’s anti-wear additive (typically zinc dialkyldithiophosphate). Minimizing friction and wear continues to be a challenge, and recent efforts have focused on enhancing the anti-friction and anti-wear properties of lubricants by incorporating inorganic nanoparticles and ionic liquids. Here, we describe the in operando formation of carbon-based tribofilms via dissociative extraction from base-oil molecules on catalytically active, sliding nanometre-scale crystalline surfaces, enabling base oils to provide not only the fluid but also the solid tribofilm. We study nanocrystalline catalytic coatings composed of nitrides of either molybdenum or vanadium, containing either copper or nickel catalysts, respectively. Structurally, the resulting tribofilms are similar to diamond-like carbon. Ball-on-disk tests at contact pressures of 1.3 gigapascals reveal that these tribofilms nearly eliminate wear, and provide lower friction than tribofilms formed with zinc dialkyldithiophosphate. Reactive and ab initio molecular-dynamics simulations show that the catalytic action of the coatings facilitates dehydrogenation of linear olefins in the lubricating oil and random scission of their carbon–carbon backbones; the products recombine to nucleate and grow a compact, amorphous lubricating tribofilm.
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    Evidence for climate change in the satellite cloud record (2016)
    Springer Nature
    In: Nature
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    Publication Date: 2016-08-04
    Description: Evidence for climate change in the satellite cloud record Nature 536, 7614 (2016). doi:10.1038/nature18273 Authors: Joel R. Norris, Robert J. Allen, Amato T. Evan, Mark D. Zelinka, Christopher W. O’Dell & Stephen A. Klein Clouds substantially affect Earth’s energy budget by reflecting solar radiation back to space and by restricting emission of thermal radiation to space. They are perhaps the largest uncertainty in our understanding of climate change, owing to disagreement among climate models and observational datasets over what cloud changes have occurred during recent decades and will occur in response to global warming. This is because observational systems originally designed for monitoring weather have lacked sufficient stability to detect cloud changes reliably over decades unless they have been corrected to remove artefacts. Here we show that several independent, empirically corrected satellite records exhibit large-scale patterns of cloud change between the 1980s and the 2000s that are similar to those produced by model simulations of climate with recent historical external radiative forcing. Observed and simulated cloud change patterns are consistent with poleward retreat of mid-latitude storm tracks, expansion of subtropical dry zones, and increasing height of the highest cloud tops at all latitudes. The primary drivers of these cloud changes appear to be increasing greenhouse gas concentrations and a recovery from volcanic radiative cooling. These results indicate that the cloud changes most consistently predicted by global climate models are currently occurring in nature.
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  • 33
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    CD47-blocking antibodies restore phagocytosis and prevent atherosclerosis (2016)
    Springer Nature
    In: Nature
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    Publication Date: 2016-08-04
    Description: CD47-blocking antibodies restore phagocytosis and prevent atherosclerosis Nature 536, 7614 (2016). doi:10.1038/nature18935 Authors: Yoko Kojima, Jens-Peter Volkmer, Kelly McKenna, Mete Civelek, Aldons Jake Lusis, Clint L. Miller, Daniel Direnzo, Vivek Nanda, Jianqin Ye, Andrew J. Connolly, Eric E. Schadt, Thomas Quertermous, Paola Betancur, Lars Maegdefessel, Ljubica Perisic Matic, Ulf Hedin, Irving L. Weissman & Nicholas J. Leeper Atherosclerosis is the disease process that underlies heart attack and stroke. Advanced lesions at risk of rupture are characterized by the pathological accumulation of diseased vascular cells and apoptotic cellular debris. Why these cells are not cleared remains unknown. Here we show that atherogenesis is associated with upregulation of CD47, a key anti-phagocytic molecule that is known to render malignant cells resistant to programmed cell removal, or ‘efferocytosis’. We find that administration of CD47-blocking antibodies reverses this defect in efferocytosis, normalizes the clearance of diseased vascular tissue, and ameliorates atherosclerosis in multiple mouse models. Mechanistic studies implicate the pro-atherosclerotic factor TNF-α as a fundamental driver of impaired programmed cell removal, explaining why this process is compromised in vascular disease. Similar to recent observations in cancer, impaired efferocytosis appears to play a pathogenic role in cardiovascular disease, but is not a fixed defect and may represent a novel therapeutic target.
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    A novel excitatory network for the control of breathing (2016)
    Springer Nature
    In: Nature
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    Publication Date: 2016-08-04
    Description: A novel excitatory network for the control of breathing Nature 536, 7614 (2016). doi:10.1038/nature18944 Authors: Tatiana M. Anderson, Alfredo J. Garcia, Nathan A. Baertsch, Julia Pollak, Jacob C. Bloom, Aguan D. Wei, Karan G. Rai & Jan-Marino Ramirez Breathing must be tightly coordinated with other behaviours such as vocalization, swallowing, and coughing. These behaviours occur after inspiration, during a respiratory phase termed postinspiration. Failure to coordinate postinspiration with inspiration can result in aspiration pneumonia, the leading cause of death in Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, dementia, and other neurodegenerative diseases. Here we describe an excitatory network that generates the neuronal correlate of postinspiratory activity in mice. Glutamatergic–cholinergic neurons form the basis of this network, and GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid)-mediated inhibition establishes the timing and coordination relative to inspiration. We refer to this network as the postinspiratory complex (PiCo). The PiCo has autonomous rhythm-generating properties and is necessary and sufficient for postinspiratory activity in vivo. The PiCo also shows distinct responses to neuromodulators when compared to other excitatory brainstem networks. On the basis of the discovery of the PiCo, we propose that each of the three phases of breathing is generated by a distinct excitatory network: the preBötzinger complex, which has been linked to inspiration; the PiCo, as described here for the neuronal control of postinspiration; and the lateral parafacial region (pFL), which has been associated with active expiration, a respiratory phase that is recruited during high metabolic demand.
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    Retraction: Effects of electron correlations on transport properties of iron at Earth’s core conditions (2016)
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    Description: Retraction: Effects of electron correlations on transport properties of iron at Earth’s core conditions Nature 536, 7614 (2016). doi:10.1038/nature17648 Authors: Peng Zhang, R. E. Cohen & K. Haule Nature517, 605–607 (2015); doi:10.1038/nature14090In this Letter we reported density functional theory plus dynamical mean-field theory (DFT + DMFT) computations of the resistivity from electron–electron scattering at the conditions of Earth’s core, and found that the electron–electron
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    Structure of the adenosine A2A receptor bound to an engineered G protein (2016)
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    Description: Structure of the adenosine A2A receptor bound to an engineered G protein Nature 536, 7614 (2016). doi:10.1038/nature18966 Authors: Byron Carpenter, Rony Nehmé, Tony Warne, Andrew G. W. Leslie & Christopher G. Tate G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are essential components of the signalling network throughout the body. To understand the molecular mechanism of G-protein-mediated signalling, solved structures of receptors in inactive conformations and in the active conformation coupled to a G protein are necessary. Here we present the structure of the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) bound to an engineered G protein, mini-Gs, at 3.4 Å resolution. Mini-Gs binds to A2AR through an extensive interface (1,048 Å2) that is similar, but not identical, to the interface between Gs and the β2-adrenergic receptor. The transition of the receptor from an agonist-bound active-intermediate state to an active G-protein-bound state is characterized by a 14 Å shift of the cytoplasmic end of transmembrane helix 6 (H6) away from the receptor core, slight changes in the positions of the cytoplasmic ends of H5 and H7 and rotamer changes of the amino acid side chains Arg3.50, Tyr5.58 and Tyr7.53. There are no substantial differences in the extracellular half of the receptor around the ligand binding pocket. The A2AR–mini-Gs structure highlights both the diversity and similarity in G-protein coupling to GPCRs and hints at the potential complexity of the molecular basis for G-protein specificity.
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    Health: Poor child growth cements poverty (2016)
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    Description: Health: Poor child growth cements poverty Nature 535, 7611 (2016). doi:10.1038/535202e Stunted childhood growth in developing countries results in educational deficits and substantial economic losses.Using published data on early-childhood growth and the financial benefits of education for 137 developing nations, Günther Fink at the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health in Boston, Massachusetts,
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    Primatology: Ancient monkeys used stone tools (2016)
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    Description: Primatology: Ancient monkeys used stone tools Nature 535, 7611 (2016). doi:10.1038/535203c Worn rocks may have been used by Brazilian bearded capuchin monkeys hundreds of years ago, marking the earliest evidence for stone-tool use by a species other than humans or chimpanzees.The oldest stone tools made by ancient human relatives date to 3 million years ago,
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    Developmental biology: Mum's diet affects offspring's genes (2016)
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    Description: Developmental biology: Mum's diet affects offspring's genes Nature 535, 7611 (2016). doi:10.1038/535203d Poor nutrition during pregnancy stunts the growth of young mice by modifying their gene expression.Michelle Holland and Vardhman Rakyan at Queen Mary University of London and their colleagues fed female mice diets containing either 8% or 20% protein throughout pregnancy and until weaning. They
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    South Africa ushers in a new era for HIV (2016)
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    Description: South Africa ushers in a new era for HIV Nature 535, 7611 (2016). http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/535214a Author: Linda Nordling The country has developed the biggest programme of antiretroviral therapy in the world. Now scientists are exploring the long-term consequences of the drugs.
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    Politics: Israel must release Palestinian physicist (2016)
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    Description: Politics: Israel must release Palestinian physicist Nature 535, 7611 (2016). doi:10.1038/535231a Author: Ahmed Abbes On 24 April, the distinguished Palestinian astrophysicist Imad Ahmad Barghouthi was arrested and detained without charge by the Israeli military — for the second time in less than 18 months (see Naturehttp://doi.org/bk44; 2016). We protest against his imprisonment and renew the call
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    Summer books (2016)
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    Description: Summer books Nature 535, 7611 (2016). doi:10.1038/535228a Authors: Michael D. Gordin, John M. Marzluff, Joan B. Silk, Matthew Cobb, Jennifer Rohn, Diane Coyle, Jill Cook & Adrian Woolfson As labs and lecture halls empty, go out of this world with our regular reviewers' recommendations for stellar holiday reading.
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    Policy: Five cornerstones of a global bioeconomy (2016)
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    Description: Policy: Five cornerstones of a global bioeconomy Nature 535, 7611 (2016). doi:10.1038/535221a Authors: Beate El-Chichakli, Joachim von Braun, Christine Lang, Daniel Barben & Jim Philp Beate El-Chichakli and colleagues outline principles for coordinating bio-based industries to achieve many of the sustainable development goals.
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    Policy: Marine biodiversity needs more than protection (2016)
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    Description: Policy: Marine biodiversity needs more than protection Nature 535, 7611 (2016). doi:10.1038/535224a Author: Ray Hilborn To sustain the seas, advocates of marine protected areas and those in fisheries management must work together, not at cross purposes, urges Ray Hilborn.
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    Industrial waste: Citizens arrest river pollution in China (2016)
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    Description: Industrial waste: Citizens arrest river pollution in China Nature 535, 7611 (2016). doi:10.1038/535231e Authors: Tuqiao Zhang, Feifei Zheng & Tingchao Yu We would like to share the story of how local citizens have helped to clean up polluted rivers in Zhejiang province in China.Three years ago, the regional government allocated 140 billion yuan (US$21.5 billion) to the clean-up operation. It launched a campaign to alert
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    Global jobs: A taste for travel (2016)
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    Description: Global jobs: A taste for travel Nature 535, 7611 (2016). doi:10.1038/nj7611-313a Author: Emily Sohn Moves in science are common, exhilarating — and challenging. Read on for survival tips.
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    Postdoctoral plans: PhD — now what? (2016)
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    Description: Postdoctoral plans: PhD — now what? Nature 535, 7611 (2016). doi:10.1038/nj7611-315a Of new US PhDs with definite plans, 42% are headed to postdocs.
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    Grant awards: Age is no advantage (2016)
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    Description: Grant awards: Age is no advantage Nature 535, 7611 (2016). doi:10.1038/nj7611-315b US National Institutes of Health funding rates for younger researchers are similar to those for older ones.
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    The Department of Correction (2016)
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    Description: The Department of Correction Nature 535, 7611 (2016). doi:10.1038/535318a Author: Ninan Tan A lesson learned.
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    Biodiversity: Speed restoration of EU ecosystems (2016)
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    Description: Biodiversity: Speed restoration of EU ecosystems Nature 535, 7611 (2016). doi:10.1038/535231d Authors: Jordi Cortina-Segarra, Kris Decleer & Johannes Kollmann The European Union's Biodiversity Strategy 2020 aims to restore at least 15% of degraded ecosystems by 2020, in accordance with the 2010 Aichi targets. With these due for review later this year, we are deeply concerned about Europe's lack of progress towards meeting its own
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    Pain (2016)
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    Description: Pain Nature. doi:10.1038/535S1a Author: Michelle Grayson
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    Pyrogeography: Build social costs into wildfire risk (2016)
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    Description: Pyrogeography: Build social costs into wildfire risk Nature 535, 7611 (2016). doi:10.1038/535231b Author: Erica A. H. Smithwick Marc-André Parisien calls for the fire-science community to draw up maps of wildfire risk based on contributory factors such as local topography, vegetation and weather (Nature534, 297; 10.1038/534297a2016). I suggest that incorporating social and economic risks into such maps
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    Jerome Bruner (1915–2016) (2016)
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    Description: Jerome Bruner (1915–2016) Nature 535, 7611 (2016). doi:10.1038/535232a Author: Patricia Marks Greenfield Psychologist who shaped ideas about perception, cognition and education.
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    Brain drain: Entice Africa's scientists to stay (2016)
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    Description: Brain drain: Entice Africa's scientists to stay Nature 535, 7611 (2016). doi:10.1038/535231c Authors: Ghada Bassioni, Gameli Adzaho & David Niyukuri The Dakar Declaration was put forward at the 2016 global meeting of the Next Einstein Forum held in Dakar, Senegal. It focuses on advancing African science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM), with particular encouragement for women and young scientists (go.nature.com/29ra0k6; see also Nature
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    Imaging: Show me where it hurts (2016)
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    Description: Imaging: Show me where it hurts Nature. doi:10.1038/535S8a Author: Simon Makin Technology for peering into the brain is revealing a pattern of pain, and differences between the acute and chronic forms.
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    Genetics: An incomplete mosaic (2016)
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    Description: Genetics: An incomplete mosaic Nature. doi:10.1038/535S12a Author: Eryn Brown Although genetics studies have so far failed to revolutionize pain treatments, some researchers think that a host of discoveries are just around the corner.
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    Perspective: Equality need not be painful (2016)
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    Description: Perspective: Equality need not be painful Nature. doi:10.1038/535S7a Author: Jeffrey S. Mogil Pain researchers' arguments for using only male rodents in preclinical pain research don't hold up to scrutiny, says Jeffrey S. Mogil.
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    Biomedicine: Move over, morphine (2016)
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    Description: Biomedicine: Move over, morphine Nature. doi:10.1038/535S4a Author: James Mitchell Crow The dearth of treatment options for chronic pain has led to widespread over-prescription of strong opioids. But some innovative thinking is building a promising pipeline.
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    Neuropathy: A name for their pain (2016)
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    Description: Neuropathy: A name for their pain Nature. doi:10.1038/535S10a Author: Michael Eisenstein People with neuropathic pain have struggled to find relief with conventional drugs. Researchers are investigating whether more meaningful pain classifications could help.
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    Seeds of neuroendocrine doubt (2016)
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    Description: Seeds of neuroendocrine doubt Nature 535, 7611 (2016). doi:10.1038/nature18602 Authors: Claire Feeney, Gregory P. Scott, James H. Cole, Magdalena Sastre, Anthony P. Goldstone & Robert Leech ARISING FROM Z. Jaunmuktane et al. Nature525, 247–250 (2015); doi:10.1038/nature15369The possibility of human-to-human transmission of Alzheimer’s disease has not been considered until recently. A landmark study, published in September 2015 in Nature, reports
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    Collinge et al. reply (2016)
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    Description: Collinge et al. reply Nature 535, 7611 (2016). doi:10.1038/nature18603 Authors: John Collinge, Zane Jaunmuktane, Simon Mead, Peter Rudge & Sebastian Brandner REPLYING TO C. Feeney et al. Nature535, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature18602 (2016)In the accompanying Comment Feeney et al. argue that we have not excluded other explanations of our finding of extensive amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in relatively young individuals
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    Painful progress (2016)
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    Description: Painful progress Nature. doi:10.1038/535S18a Author: Stephanie Pain For thousands of years people have sought explanations for pain and ways to ease it. Despite a better understanding of the mechanisms behind the sensation, much remains baffling, and the search for better treatments continues. By Stephanie Pain
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    Palliative care: The other opioid issue (2016)
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    Description: Palliative care: The other opioid issue Nature. doi:10.1038/535S16a Author: Lucas Laursen The 'war on drugs' has left many in developing nations with no access to strong painkillers. But governments in these countries are learning to stop worrying and love the poppy.
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    Placebos: Honest fakery (2016)
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    Description: Placebos: Honest fakery Nature. doi:10.1038/535S14a Author: Jo Marchant Armed with a clearer understanding of how placebos work, researchers are suggesting that inactive substances might be used to mitigate chronic pain.
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    The pain drain (2016)
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    Description: The pain drain Nature. doi:10.1038/535S2a Author: David Holmes We can't live without it, but many of us struggle to live with it. Pain has an essential biological function, but too much — or the wrong sort — ruins lives and puts a sizeable dent in economic productivity. By David Holmes, infographic by Mohamed Ashour.
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    Phenology: Interactions of climate change and species (2016)
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    Description: Phenology: Interactions of climate change and species Nature 535, 7611 (2016). doi:10.1038/nature18905 Authors: Marcel E. Visser At what times of year are phenological events across species sensitive to climatic variables, and how sensitive are they? Answers to these questions emerge from the analysis of a wealth of long-term data sets. See Article p.241
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    Astrophysics: Variable snow lines affect planet formation (2016)
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    Description: Astrophysics: Variable snow lines affect planet formation Nature 535, 7611 (2016). doi:10.1038/535237a Authors: Brenda Matthews Observations of the disk of dust and gas around a nascent star reveal that the distance from the star at which water in the disk forms ice is variable. This variation might hinder the formation of planets. See Letter p.258
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    Phenological sensitivity to climate across taxa and trophic levels (2016)
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    Description: Phenological sensitivity to climate across taxa and trophic levels Nature 535, 7611 (2016). doi:10.1038/nature18608 Authors: Stephen J. Thackeray, Peter A. Henrys, Deborah Hemming, James R. Bell, Marc S. Botham, Sarah Burthe, Pierre Helaouet, David G. Johns, Ian D. Jones, David I. Leech, Eleanor B. Mackay, Dario Massimino, Sian Atkinson, Philip J. Bacon, Tom M. Brereton, Laurence Carvalho, Tim H. Clutton-Brock, Callan Duck, Martin Edwards, J. Malcolm Elliott, Stephen J. G. Hall, Richard Harrington, James W. Pearce-Higgins, Toke T. Høye, Loeske E. B. Kruuk, Josephine M. Pemberton, Tim H. Sparks, Paul M. Thompson, Ian White, Ian J. Winfield & Sarah Wanless Differences in phenological responses to climate change among species can desynchronise ecological interactions and thereby threaten ecosystem function. To assess these threats, we must quantify the relative impact of climate change on species at different trophic levels. Here, we apply a Climate Sensitivity Profile approach
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    A novel cereblon modulator recruits GSPT1 to the CRL4CRBN ubiquitin ligase (2016)
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    Description: A novel cereblon modulator recruits GSPT1 to the CRL4CRBN ubiquitin ligase Nature 535, 7611 (2016). doi:10.1038/nature18611 Authors: Mary E. Matyskiela, Gang Lu, Takumi Ito, Barbra Pagarigan, Chin-Chun Lu, Karen Miller, Wei Fang, Nai-Yu Wang, Derek Nguyen, Jack Houston, Gilles Carmel, Tam Tran, Mariko Riley, Lyn’Al Nosaka, Gabriel C. Lander, Svetlana Gaidarova, Shuichan Xu, Alexander L. Ruchelman, Hiroshi Handa, James Carmichael, Thomas O. Daniel, Brian E. Cathers, Antonia Lopez-Girona & Philip P. Chamberlain Immunomodulatory drugs bind to cereblon (CRBN) to confer differentiated substrate specificity on the CRL4CRBN E3 ubiquitin ligase. Here we report the identification of a new cereblon modulator, CC-885, with potent anti-tumour activity. The anti-tumour activity of CC-885 is mediated through the cereblon-dependent ubiquitination
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    Multiple mechanisms disrupt the let-7 microRNA family in neuroblastoma (2016)
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    Description: Multiple mechanisms disrupt the let-7 microRNA family in neuroblastoma Nature 535, 7611 (2016). doi:10.1038/nature18632 Authors: John T. Powers, Kaloyan M. Tsanov, Daniel S. Pearson, Frederik Roels, Catherine S. Spina, Richard Ebright, Marc Seligson, Yvanka de Soysa, Patrick Cahan, Jessica Theißen, Ho-Chou Tu, Areum Han, Kyle C. Kurek, Grace S. LaPier, Jihan K. Osborne, Samantha J. Ross, Marcella Cesana, James J. Collins, Frank Berthold & George Q. Daley Poor prognosis in neuroblastoma is associated with genetic amplification of MYCN. MYCN is itself a target of let-7, a tumour suppressor family of microRNAs implicated in numerous cancers. LIN28B, an inhibitor of let-7 biogenesis, is overexpressed in neuroblastoma and has
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    Materials science: Magnetic nanoparticles line up (2016)
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    Description: Materials science: Magnetic nanoparticles line up Nature 535, 7611 (2016). doi:10.1038/535235a Authors: Damien Faivre & Mathieu Bennet Certain bacteria contain strings of magnetic nanoparticles and therefore align with magnetic fields. Inspired by these natural structures, researchers have now fabricated synthetic one-dimensional arrays of such particles.
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    A sensitive electrometer based on a Rydberg atom in a Schrödinger-cat state (2016)
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    Description: A sensitive electrometer based on a Rydberg atom in a Schrödinger-cat state Nature 535, 7611 (2016). doi:10.1038/nature18327 Authors: Adrien Facon, Eva-Katharina Dietsche, Dorian Grosso, Serge Haroche, Jean-Michel Raimond, Michel Brune & Sébastien Gleyzes Fundamental quantum fluctuations caused by the Heisenberg principle limit measurement precision. If the uncertainty is distributed equally between conjugate variables of the meter system, the measurement precision cannot exceed the standard quantum limit. When the meter is a large angular momentum, going beyond the standard quantum limit requires non-classical states such as squeezed states or Schrödinger-cat-like states. However, the metrological use of the latter has been so far restricted to meters with a relatively small total angular momentum because the experimental preparation of these non-classical states is very challenging. Here we report a measurement of an electric field based on an electrometer consisting of a large angular momentum (quantum number J ≈ 25) carried by a single atom in a high-energy Rydberg state. We show that the fundamental Heisenberg limit can be approached when the Rydberg atom undergoes a non-classical evolution through Schrödinger-cat states. Using this method, we reach a single-shot sensitivity of 1.2 millivolts per centimetre for a 100-nanosecond interaction time, corresponding to 30 microvolts per centimetre per square root hertz at our 3 kilohertz repetition rate. This highly sensitive, non-invasive space- and time-resolved field measurement extends the realm of electrometric techniques and could have important practical applications: detection of individual electrons in mesoscopic devices at a distance of about 100 micrometres with a megahertz bandwidth is within reach.
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    Molecular logic behind the three-way stochastic choices that expand butterfly colour vision (2016)
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    Description: Molecular logic behind the three-way stochastic choices that expand butterfly colour vision Nature 535, 7611 (2016). doi:10.1038/nature18616 Authors: Michael Perry, Michiyo Kinoshita, Giuseppe Saldi, Lucy Huo, Kentaro Arikawa & Claude Desplan Butterflies rely extensively on colour vision to adapt to the natural world. Most species express a broad range of colour-sensitive Rhodopsin proteins in three types of ommatidia (unit eyes), which are distributed stochastically across the retina. The retinas of Drosophila melanogaster use just two main types, in which fate is controlled by the binary stochastic decision to express the transcription factor Spineless in R7 photoreceptors. We investigated how butterflies instead generate three stochastically distributed ommatidial types, resulting in a more diverse retinal mosaic that provides the basis for additional colour comparisons and an expanded range of colour vision. We show that the Japanese yellow swallowtail (Papilio xuthus, Papilionidae) and the painted lady (Vanessa cardui, Nymphalidae) butterflies have a second R7-like photoreceptor in each ommatidium. Independent stochastic expression of Spineless in each R7-like cell results in expression of a blue-sensitive (SpinelessON) or an ultraviolet (UV)-sensitive (SpinelessOFF) Rhodopsin. In P. xuthus these choices of blue/blue, blue/UV or UV/UV sensitivity in the two R7 cells are coordinated with expression of additional Rhodopsin proteins in the remaining photoreceptors, and together define the three types of ommatidia. Knocking out spineless using CRISPR/Cas9 (refs 5, 6) leads to the loss of the blue-sensitive fate in R7-like cells and transforms retinas into homogeneous fields of UV/UV-type ommatidia, with corresponding changes in other coordinated features of ommatidial type. Hence, the three possible outcomes of Spineless expression define the three ommatidial types in butterflies. This developmental strategy allowed the deployment of an additional red-sensitive Rhodopsin in P. xuthus, allowing for the evolution of expanded colour vision with a greater variety of receptors. This surprisingly simple mechanism that makes use of two binary stochastic decisions coupled with local coordination may prove to be a general means of generating an increased diversity of developmental outcomes.
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    Metrology: Schrödinger's cat beats a quantum limit (2016)
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    Description: Metrology: Schrödinger's cat beats a quantum limit Nature 535, 7611 (2016). doi:10.1038/535238a Authors: Charles S. Adams Quantum effects have been used in devices that measure various quantities, but not to measure electric fields. The sensitivity of an electrometer has now been boosted using the phenomenon of quantum superposition. See Letter p.262
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    Self-assembly of graphene ribbons by spontaneous self-tearing and peeling from a substrate (2016)
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    Description: Self-assembly of graphene ribbons by spontaneous self-tearing and peeling from a substrate Nature 535, 7611 (2016). doi:10.1038/nature18304 Authors: James Annett & Graham L. W. Cross Graphene and related two-dimensional materials have shown unusual and exceptional mechanical properties, with similarities to origami-like paper folding and kirigami-like cutting demonstrated. For paper analogues, a critical difference between macroscopic sheets and a two-dimensional solid is the molecular scale of the thin dimension of the latter, allowing the thermal activation of considerable out-of-plane motion. So far thermal activity has been shown to produce local wrinkles in a free graphene sheet that help in theoretically understanding its stability, for example, and give rise to unexpected long-range bending stiffness. Here we show that thermal activation can have a more marked effect on the behaviour of two-dimensional solids, leading to spontaneous and self-driven sliding, tearing and peeling from a substrate on scales approaching the macroscopic. We demonstrate that scalable nanoimprint-style contact techniques can nucleate and direct the parallel self-assembly of graphene ribbons of controlled shape in ambient conditions. We interpret our observations through a simple fracture-mechanics model that shows how thermodynamic forces drive the formation of the graphene–graphene interface in lieu of substrate contact with sufficient strength to peel and tear multilayer graphene sheets. Our results show how weak physical surface forces can be harnessed and focused by simple folded configurations of graphene to tear the strongest covalent bond. This effect may hold promise for the patterning and mechanical actuating of devices based on two-dimensional materials.
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    Cell division: A sticky problem for chromosomes (2016)
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    Description: Cell division: A sticky problem for chromosomes Nature 535, 7611 (2016). doi:10.1038/nature18904 Authors: Clifford P. Brangwynne & John F. Marko The role of Ki-67 in mitotic cell division has been a mystery. Extensive imaging reveals that this highly positively charged protein coats chromosomes to prevent them from coalescing. See Letter p.308
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    Resolving early mesoderm diversification through single-cell expression profiling (2016)
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    Description: Resolving early mesoderm diversification through single-cell expression profiling Nature 535, 7611 (2016). doi:10.1038/nature18633 Authors: Antonio Scialdone, Yosuke Tanaka, Wajid Jawaid, Victoria Moignard, Nicola K. Wilson, Iain C. Macaulay, John C. Marioni & Berthold Göttgens In mammals, specification of the three major germ layers occurs during gastrulation, when cells ingressing through the primitive streak differentiate into the precursor cells of major organ systems. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear, as numbers of gastrulating cells are very limited. In the mouse embryo at embryonic day 6.5, cells located at the junction between the extra-embryonic region and the epiblast on the posterior side of the embryo undergo an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and ingress through the primitive streak. Subsequently, cells migrate, either surrounding the prospective ectoderm contributing to the embryo proper, or into the extra-embryonic region to form the yolk sac, umbilical cord and placenta. Fate mapping has shown that mature tissues such as blood and heart originate from specific regions of the pre-gastrula epiblast, but the plasticity of cells within the embryo and the function of key cell-type-specific transcription factors remain unclear. Here we analyse 1,205 cells from the epiblast and nascent Flk1+ mesoderm of gastrulating mouse embryos using single-cell RNA sequencing, representing the first transcriptome-wide in vivo view of early mesoderm formation during mammalian gastrulation. Additionally, using knockout mice, we study the function of Tal1, a key haematopoietic transcription factor, and demonstrate, contrary to previous studies performed using retrospective assays, that Tal1 knockout does not immediately bias precursor cells towards a cardiac fate.
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    Dissociated functional significance of decision-related activity in the primate dorsal stream (2016)
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    Description: Dissociated functional significance of decision-related activity in the primate dorsal stream Nature 535, 7611 (2016). doi:10.1038/nature18617 Authors: Leor N. Katz, Jacob L. Yates, Jonathan W. Pillow & Alexander C. Huk During decision making, neurons in multiple brain regions exhibit responses that are correlated with decisions. However, it remains uncertain whether or not various forms of decision-related activity are causally related to decision making. Here we address this question by recording and reversibly inactivating the lateral intraparietal (LIP) and middle temporal (MT) areas of rhesus macaques performing a motion direction discrimination task. Neurons in area LIP exhibited firing rate patterns that directly resembled the evidence accumulation process posited to govern decision making, with strong correlations between their response fluctuations and the animal’s choices. Neurons in area MT, in contrast, exhibited weak correlations between their response fluctuations and choices, and had firing rate patterns consistent with their sensory role in motion encoding. The behavioural impact of pharmacological inactivation of each area was inversely related to their degree of decision-related activity: while inactivation of neurons in MT profoundly impaired psychophysical performance, inactivation in LIP had no measurable impact on decision-making performance, despite having silenced the very clusters that exhibited strong decision-related activity. Although LIP inactivation did not impair psychophysical behaviour, it did influence spatial selection and oculomotor metrics in a free-choice control task. The absence of an effect on perceptual decision making was stable over trials and sessions and was robust to changes in stimulus type and task geometry, arguing against several forms of compensation. Thus, decision-related signals in LIP do not appear to be critical for computing perceptual decisions, and may instead reflect secondary processes. Our findings highlight a dissociation between decision correlation and causation, showing that strong neuron-decision correlations do not necessarily offer direct access to the neural computations underlying decisions.
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    Cell biologists should specialize, not hybridize (2016)
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    Description: Cell biologists should specialize, not hybridize Nature 535, 7612 (2016). http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/535325a Author: Assaf Zaritsky Dry cell biologists, who bridge computer science and cell biology, should have a pivotal role in driving effective team science, says Assaf Zaritsky.
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    Genomics: Mitochondrial mismatch in mice (2016)
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    Description: Genomics: Mitochondrial mismatch in mice Nature 535, 7612 (2016). doi:10.1038/535326d Mouse embryos containing DNA from three animals may not survive gestation, and those that do could go on to develop reproductive problems — a finding with potential implications for a proposed human therapy.Energy-producing cell organelles called mitochondria carry their own DNA, which when mutated
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    Materials: Shape-shifters made with a snap (2016)
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    Description: Materials: Shape-shifters made with a snap Nature 535, 7612 (2016). doi:10.1038/535327a Materials that include a modular system of hinges have been used to build shape-shifting structures.Current methods can make reconfigurable structures with only a limited number of stable forms. To make such materials more versatile, Lorenzo Valdevit of the University of California, Irvine, and his
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    The bicycle problem that nearly broke mathematics (2016)
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    Description: The bicycle problem that nearly broke mathematics Nature 535, 7612 (2016). http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/535338a Author: Brendan Borrell Jim Papadopoulos has spent a lifetime pondering the maths of bikes in motion. Now his work has found fresh momentum.
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    Robert Treat Paine (1933–2016) (2016)
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    Description: Robert Treat Paine (1933–2016) Nature 535, 7612 (2016). doi:10.1038/535356a Author: Jane Lubchenco Ecologist who established concept of keystone species.
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    European football: Goals change crowd air chemistry (2016)
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    Description: European football: Goals change crowd air chemistry Nature 535, 7612 (2016). doi:10.1038/535355a Authors: Christof Stönner & Jonathan Williams During live public screenings of the 2016 UEFA European Championships, the emission rates of particular chemicals in the audience's breath vary sharply — apparently in response to events on the football pitch.Football matches induce fans to roar in jubilation, hold their breath in suspense
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    Molecular biology: A surprise beginning for RNA (2016)
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    Description: Molecular biology: A surprise beginning for RNA Nature 535, 7612 (2016). doi:10.1038/nature18908 Authors: Katharina Höfer & Andres Jäschke Organic molecules called coenzymes are central to metabolism, but have also been found to act as components of RNA in bacteria. A study reveals how coenzymes are incorporated into RNA. See Letter p.444
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    Technology: Revolutionary of radio (2016)
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    Description: Technology: Revolutionary of radio Nature 535, 7612 (2016). doi:10.1038/535354a Author: W. Bernard Carlson W. Bernard Carlson hails a life of driven communications pioneer Guglielmo Marconi.
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    Climate science: Cooling in the Antarctic (2016)
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    Description: Climate science: Cooling in the Antarctic Nature 535, 7612 (2016). doi:10.1038/535358a Authors: Eric J. Steig The Antarctic Peninsula has been warming for many decades, but an analysis now reveals that it has cooled since the late 1990s. Inspection of the factors involved suggests that this is consistent with natural variability. See Letter p.411
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    Human gut microbes impact host serum metabolome and insulin sensitivity (2016)
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    Description: Human gut microbes impact host serum metabolome and insulin sensitivity Nature 535, 7612 (2016). doi:10.1038/nature18646 Authors: Helle Krogh Pedersen, Valborg Gudmundsdottir, Henrik Bjørn Nielsen, Tuulia Hyotylainen, Trine Nielsen, Benjamin A. H. Jensen, Kristoffer Forslund, Falk Hildebrand, Edi Prifti, Gwen Falony, Emmanuelle Le Chatelier, Florence Levenez, Joel Doré, Ismo Mattila, Damian R. Plichta, Päivi Pöhö, Lars I. Hellgren, Manimozhiyan Arumugam, Shinichi Sunagawa, Sara Vieira-Silva, Torben Jørgensen, Jacob Bak Holm, Kajetan Trošt, MetaHIT Consortium, Karsten Kristiansen, Susanne Brix, Jeroen Raes, Jun Wang, Torben Hansen, Peer Bork, Søren Brunak, Matej Oresic, S. Dusko Ehrlich & Oluf Pedersen Insulin resistance is a forerunner state of ischaemic cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Here we show how the human gut microbiome impacts the serum metabolome and associates with insulin resistance in 277 non-diabetic Danish individuals. The serum metabolome of insulin-resistant individuals is characterized by
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    The Fourth Law of Humanics (2016)
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    Description: The Fourth Law of Humanics Nature 535, 7612 (2016). doi:10.1038/535460a Author: Ian Stewart Small steps to freedom.
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    Reward the forgotten foot soldiers of science (2016)
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    Description: Reward the forgotten foot soldiers of science Nature 535, 7612 (2016). doi:10.1038/535323a The story of CRISPR–Cas9 gene editing has tended to focus on a few key players. But, as with any area of basic research, it takes a small army of talented researchers to make a discovery.
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    Nuclear forensics: Reconstruction of 1945 nuclear test (2016)
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    Description: Nuclear forensics: Reconstruction of 1945 nuclear test Nature 535, 7612 (2016). doi:10.1038/535326b By measuring concentrations of stable isotopes in bomb debris, researchers have worked out the details of a nuclear test performed 70 years ago.Scientists have long debated the efficiency and yield of the first atomic bomb, called Trinity, which was detonated in 1945 in New
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    Marine science: Shark-tracking study shapes marine park (2016)
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    Description: Marine science: Shark-tracking study shapes marine park Nature 535, 7612 (2016). doi:10.1038/535326a Monitoring the movements of sharks can help researchers to advise on the areas best served by marine reserves.In the Seychelles in the Indian Ocean, a proposed marine protected area has been designed to safeguard mainly turtles and coral reefs. To see how well it
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    Ocean science: Microscope can see under the sea (2016)
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    Description: Ocean science: Microscope can see under the sea Nature 535, 7612 (2016). doi:10.1038/535327b An underwater microscope allows researchers to capture behaviours of corals and other marine organisms in their native habitats.Andrew Mullen at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, California, and his colleagues designed a system (pictured left) that divers can use to
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    Nanotechnology: Chlorine atom arrays store data (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-21
    Description: Nanotechnology: Chlorine atom arrays store data Nature 535, 7612 (2016). doi:10.1038/535327c A device that uses arrangements of atoms to encode and store information has orders of magnitude more capacity than current hard drives.Sander Otte at Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands and his colleagues assembled arrays of chlorine atoms on a nanometre-sized copper surface.
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    Neurodegeneration: ALS gene linked to autoimmunity (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-21
    Description: Neurodegeneration: ALS gene linked to autoimmunity Nature 535, 7612 (2016). doi:10.1038/535327e A gene that is often mutated in people with a neurodegenerative disease may help to keep immune responses in check.Mutations in the C9ORF72 gene are commonly found in people with motor neuron disease, also known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), as well as
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    Neuroscience: Brain can retrieve baby memories (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-21
    Description: Neuroscience: Brain can retrieve baby memories Nature 535, 7612 (2016). doi:10.1038/535326c 'Lost' infant memories can be reinstated later in life, thanks to specific mechanisms in the hippocampus, the brain's memory centre.Humans and other animals are often unable to recall early-life events, but these experiences can still affect the brain and behaviour later in life. To
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    The week in science: 15–21 July 2016 (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-21
    Description: The week in science: 15–21 July 2016 Nature 535, 7612 (2016). http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/535328a Turkey purges all university deans after failed coup; engineered mosquitos show apparent success against dengue; and Romania joins CERN.
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    First Greek science agency is rare source of joy for beleaguered researchers (2016)
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    Description: First Greek science agency is rare source of joy for beleaguered researchers Nature 535, 7612 (2016). http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/535333a Author: Alison Abbott European Investment Bank provides surprise loan to halt startling brain drain.
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    Older men and young women drive South African HIV epidemic (2016)
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    Description: Older men and young women drive South African HIV epidemic Nature 535, 7612 (2016). http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nature.2016.20273 Author: Amy Maxmen Genetics study confirms social cycle that helps infection to spread.
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    Stop the privatization of health data (2016)
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-21
    Description: Stop the privatization of health data Nature 535, 7612 (2016). doi:10.1038/535345a Authors: John T. Wilbanks & Eric J. Topol Tech giants moving into health may widen inequalities and harm research, unless people can access and share their data, warn John T. Wilbanks and Eric J. Topol.
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