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  • Articles  (611)
  • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)  (611)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • Springer
  • 2015-2019  (611)
  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984
  • 2017  (611)
  • 1994
  • IEEE Photonics Journal (J-PHTNCS)  (611)
  • 119507
Collection
  • Articles  (611)
Source
Publisher
  • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)  (611)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • Springer
Years
  • 2015-2019  (611)
  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984
Year
Journal
Topic
  • 1
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    Controllable Rotations of Spiraling Elliptic Beams in Anisotropic Linear Media (2017)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-08-16
    Description: We study the rotation properties of spiraling elliptic beams in the anisotropy media. Based on the Collins formula, we obtain the exact analytical solution of the spiraling elliptic beams carrying the orbital angular momentum (OAM) to the paraxial wave equation. It is found that the rotation property is closely relevant to the OAM, which can be controlled by the linear anisotropy of media. For an anisotropic media such as the uniaxial crystal, the rotation velocity of spiraling elliptic beams at the output can be controlled only by changing the direction of the optic axis of the uniaxial crystal. Depending on the anisotropy parameter, two rotation modes are predicted for the spiraling elliptic beam. For small anisotropy parameter, the rotation direction of the spiraling elliptic beam is inverted at a certain propagation distance. When the anisotropy parameter is large enough, the invertion of the rotation direction disappears. The results are potentially useful in controlling the optical beams.
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-0655
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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  • 2
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    An Accurate Representation of Incoherent Layers Within One-Dimensional Thin-Film Multilayer Structures With Equivalent Propagation Matrices (2017)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-08-19
    Description: We propose a novel approach of including incoherent layers into an arbitrary multilayer stack and treating them using the conventional matrix methods in the wave-optics regime. The proposed “Equivalent Matrix Method” (EMM) calculates two phase-shift additions that totally cancel out the interference terms in front of, and behind the incoherent layer. The additions are merged into an equivalent incoherent layer propagation matrix that can be used in the standard coherent calculation. The mathematical model that we describe in the paper has three important advantages. First, the exact calculation of the phase-shift additions efficiently replaces various phase-averaging approaches normally used to deal with incoherency. Second, instead of an incoherent layer, we can use an equivalent coherent layer in a rigorous simulation using the phase-matching. Last, there is no energy imbalance error caused by wave coupling in lossy incoherent layers. We verify the proposed EMM against the general transfer-matrix method (GTMM) and the combined ray optics/wave optics model (CROWM) using two cases: an arbitrary multilayer structure with four incoherent glass layers, and a thin-film hydrogenated amorphous silicon solar cell. In both cases, the EMM yielded the same results as the GTMM and CROWM, thus confirming its regularity.
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-0655
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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  • 3
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    Polarization-Modulation, I/Q-Demodulation Photonic Bandpass Sampling for Wideband, Multicarrier RF Application (2017)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-08-19
    Description: Radio frequency (RF) photonic link under phase or polarization modulation and coherent in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) demodulation (ΦM/IQ or PolM/IQ) has been reported with unprecedented dynamic range performance, benefiting from the ultrahigh linear transfer function of electro-optic phase modulator. But the ideal linear demodulation cannot be preserved during traditional down-conversion, which is a must from high-carrier application. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate that PolM/IQ link employing ultrashort optical bandpass sampling delivers both multicarrier down-conversion and full linearization. The pulse train, equivalently a frequency comb with uniform amplitude and phase in frequency domain, is able to down-convert signal and all nonlinear spurs that are collected by the following analog-to-digital convertor (ADC), so that the original linearization algorithm stands. Our method releases the requirement of ADC and digital processing greatly. The bandwidth after bandpass sampling is confined within the first Nyquist zone, and the minimum value can be as small as signal bandwidth, much less than original which should be several times of the maximum carrier frequency. We demonstrate such linearization experimentally with two dual-carrier RF signals as input, covering multiple octave spans.
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-0655
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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  • 4
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    Frequency Shifts of Spectral Lines Generated by Young's Pinhole Wave Scattering Upon a Quasi-Homogeneous Medium (2017)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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    Publication Date: 2017-08-19
    Description: Frequency shifts of light scattered from either a deterministic or random medium have shown great importance in remote sensing imaging applications, however, such scattering system which combines random scatterer with obstacles has not been specifically discussed so far. To solve this problem, we derive analytical expressions for showing the phenomenon that the Young's pinhole wave scattered from a quasi-homogeneous (QH) medium exhibits the red shift of spectral lines, while the first-order Born approximation is applied to treat the weak scattering between the diffractive wave and the medium. The shifted amount of spectrum is strongly dependent of the scattering angle, correlation length of the medium, and Young's pinhole parameter. Furthermore, we also observe that the red shift of the scattered spectrum converts to the blue shift when the correlation length reaches a certain magnitude. Through numerical simulations, analyses are performed on revealing the effects of Young's pinhole parameter and medium's correlation on the spectral shift and spectral switch of the scattered spectrum.
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-0655
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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  • 5
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    Deuterated SiN/SiON Waveguides on Si Platform and Their Application to C-Band WDM Filters (2017)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-08-19
    Description: We describe low-loss SiN/SiON waveguides for wavelength-division-multiplexing filters on a Si platform. The key technology is a low-temperature deposition of refractive-index-controllable SiN/SiON films by using a hydrogen-free gas source (SiD 4 ), which avoids the strong optical absorption due to N-H bond. Using this technology, we demonstrate a low-loss ring resonator with a SiN waveguide, whose loss is 0.47 dB/cm at 1550 nm. It shows excess loss of 2.7 dB, a 3-dB bandwidth of 0.13 nm, and an extinction ratio of 27 dB in the entire C band. In addition, we also demonstrate a polarization-insensitive arrayed-waveguide grating with a SiON waveguide, whose loss is 0.29 dB/cm at 1550 nm. It shows insertion loss of 5.3 dB, crosstalk of less than −27 dB, and polarization insensitivity in the entire C band.
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-0655
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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  • 6
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    A Liquid-Level Sensing Technique Based on Differential Detection of Correlation Peaks From Broadband Chaos (2017)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-08-19
    Description: A highly sensitive liquid-level sensing technique is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Two narrowband fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) with high reflectivity are used to filter out the two light signals from the broadband chaos. Two weak FBGs are served respectively as the liquid-level sensors at two different sensing points. The change of liquid-level will induce the wavelength shift of the weak FBGs, which can be demodulated through calculating the amplitude difference in the logarithm of two cascaded correlation peaks in the cross-correlation spectrum. Adopting the differential calculation of the cascaded correlation peak amplitudes can avoid the complex wavelength detection and enhance the robustness against the power variation of the broadband chaos. Our method can also support the simultaneous multiplexing and locating with high resolution from the time delays of the corresponding correlation peaks. Experimental results show that the liquid level changes linearly with the relative peak amplitude difference in the logarithm and the sensitivity is around 0.019/mm. The sensing resolution of liquid-level can reach at least 3 mm, and the relative resolution is around 0.055. Moreover, the real-time fiber fault monitoring can be achieved with a spatial resolution of around 2.8 cm, which improves the survivability in harsh environment.
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-0655
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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  • 7
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    20 GHz Mode-Locked Laser Diodes With Integrated Optical Feedback Cavities in a Generic Monolithic InP Photonics Platform (2017)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-08-23
    Description: We investigate integrated mode-locked laser diodes with distributed Bragg reflectors fabricated in the JePPIX-Oclaro indium phosphide photonics platform. The optical and radio-frequency (RF) characteristics of passively mode-locked lasers with and without monolithically integrated feedback cavities were measured and compared. The RF linewidth of the mode-locked laser could be reduced by integrating an optical feedback cavity of a particular length and a tunable magnitude of feedback. A maximum linewidth reduction factor of 1.9 was observed near the onset of mode locking, but increasing the laser optical power tended to lead to unstable operation. Increasing the drive current of the design without feedback also reduced the RF linewidth. A reduction factor of 7.6 was observed.
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-0655
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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  • 8
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    Nonsequential Speckle Reduction Method by Generating Uncorrelated Laser Subbeams With Equivalent Intensity Using a Reflective Spatial Light Modulator (2017)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-08-23
    Description: Sequential speckle reduction methods demand the usage of fast modulators due to the short integration period of human eyes. Here, a nonsequential speckle reduction method by splitting one laser beam with short coherence length into uncorrelated laser subbeams (LSBs) is reported. In order to realize the most efficient speckle reduction, with the help of a polarization beam splitter, we have programmed a reflective spatial light modulator to make the LSBs intensities equivalent. Three uncorrelated LSBs with equivalent light intensity are designed to demonstrate this idea; the speckle contrast ratio is reduced to 0.55, which closes to the expected value of 0.58. This nonsequential speckle reduction method has no requirement of the modulators speed; thus, it has obvious merit comparing with the sequential speckle reduction methods.
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-0655
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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  • 9
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    Frequency Doubling of a Pulsed Wavelength-Agile Erbium-Doped Fiber MOPA for Oxygen A-Band Spectroscopy (2017)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-09-06
    Description: We report a pulsed wavelength-agile laser near 765 nm, which was frequency doubled from an erbium-doped fiber amplifier for oxygen A-band spectroscopy. A single frequency distributed feedback laser around 1529.6 nm was employed as the seed. After three stages of amplification, its average power was boosted to 610 mW and was then frequency doubled via a 15-mm-long MgO:PPLN crystal with the highest conversion efficiency of 34%. Thanks to the short crystal length expanding the acceptance bandwidth, a power difference of only 36% for the second harmonic output was achieved within the whole wavelength tuning range benefitting low-noise remote sensing. The measured oxygen transmission spectra using a 0.5-meter-long gas cell with multiple passes were mostly in good agreement with the calculations from HITRAN 2012 database indicating the capability of our laser for oxygen A-band related remote sensing.
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-0655
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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  • 10
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    Tapered Optical Fiber Couplers Fabricated by Droplet-Based Chemical Etching (2017)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-09-06
    Description: This paper presents a fabrication method for 2 × 2 twisted fiber-optic directional couplers based on biconical low-loss tapered optical fibers using a two-step wet-etching technique with hydrofluoric acid-based droplets and surface tension-driven flows. The droplet-based wet etching of optical fibers allows us simple and cost-effective fabrication of tapered fibers and multiports directional couplers. The simulation results agree well with the experimental observations on the propagation losses, which can be monitored in real-time by measuring the transmitted optical powers during the chemical etching process. The fabricated 2 × 2 fiber-optic directional coupler shows wavelength-insensitive operation within the telecommunication C-band with an excess insertion loss of less than 0.5 dB.
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-0655
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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