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  • Articles  (56)
  • Hindawi  (56)
  • American Chemical Society
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Copernicus
  • Molecular Diversity Preservation International
  • Springer Nature
  • Springer Science + Business Media
  • 2020-2022
  • 2010-2014  (56)
  • 1960-1964
  • 2012  (56)
  • Advances in Mathematical Physics  (23)
  • 119215
  • Mathematics  (56)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • Articles  (56)
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  • Hindawi  (56)
  • American Chemical Society
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Copernicus
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  • 2020-2022
  • 2010-2014  (56)
  • 1960-1964
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  • Mathematics  (56)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
  • Physics  (56)
  • 11
    Publication Date: 2012-07-11
    Description: We consider an open quantum system of N not directly interacting spins (qubits) in contact with both local and collective thermal environments. The qubit-environment interactions are energy conserving. We trace out the variables of the thermal environments and N−2 qubits to obtain the time-dependent reduced density matrix for two arbitrary qubits. We numerically simulate the reduced dynamics and the creation of entanglement (concurrence) as a function of the parameters of the thermal environments and the number of qubits, N. Our results demonstrate that the two-qubit entanglement generally decreases as N increases. We show analytically that, in the limit N→∞, no entanglement can be created. This indicates that collective thermal environments cannot create two-qubit entanglement when many qubits are located within a region of the size of the environment coherence length. We discuss possible relevance of our consideration to recent quantum information devices and biosystems.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1687-9139
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2012-06-28
    Description: This paper presents the study of momentum and heat transfer characteristics in a hydromagnetic flow of dusty fluid over an inclined stretching sheet with non-uniform heat source/sink, where the flow is generated due to a linear stretching of the sheet. Using a similarity transformation, the governing equations of the problem are reduced to a coupled third-order nonlinear ordinary differential equations and are solved numerically by Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg fourth-fifth-order method using symbolic software Maple. Our numerical solutions are shown to agree with the available results in the literature and then employ the numerical results to bring out the effects of the fluid-particle interaction parameter, local Grashof number, angle of inclination, heat source/sink parameter, Chandrasekhar number, and the Prandtl number on the flow and heat transfer characteristics. The results have possible technological applications in liquid-based systems involving stretchable materials.
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2012-06-29
    Description: We construct a toy model of spacetime deformation-induced inertia effects, in which we prescribe to each and every particle individually a new fundamental constituent of hypothetical 2D, so-called master space (MS), subject to certain rules. The MS, embedded in the background 4D-spacetime, is an indispensable companion to the particle of interest, without relation to every other particle. The MS is not measurable directly, but we argue that a deformation (distortion of local internal properties) of MS is the origin of inertia effects that can be observed by us. With this perspective in sight, we construct the alternative relativistic theory of inertia. We go beyond the hypothesis of locality with special emphasis on distortion of MS, which allows to improve essentially the standard metric and other relevant geometrical structures referred to a noninertial frame in Minkowski spacetime for an arbitrary velocities and characteristic acceleration lengths. Despite the totally different and independent physical sources of gravitation and inertia, this approach furnishes justification for the introduction of the weak principle of equivalence (WPE), that is, the universality of free fall. Consequently, we relate the inertia effects to the more general post-Riemannian geometry.
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2012-04-03
    Description: We present applications of the representation theory of Lie groups to the analysis of structure and local unitary classification of Werner states, sometimes called the decoherence-free states, which are states of n quantum bits left unchanged by local transformations that are the same on each particle. We introduce a multiqubit generalization of the singlet state and a construction that assembles these qubits into Werner states.
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2012-01-16
    Description: In the semiclassical regime, we obtain a lower bound for the counting function of resonances corresponding to the perturbed periodic Schrödinger operator Ph=-Δ+Vx+W(hx). Here V is a periodic potential, W a decreasing perturbation and h a small positive constant.
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2012-01-17
    Description: We present a geometric framework to analyze optimal control problems of uncoupled spin 1/2 particles occurring in nuclear magnetic resonance. According to the Pontryagin's maximum principle, the optimal trajectories are solutions of a pseudo-Hamiltonian system. This computation is completed by sufficient optimality conditions based on the concept of conjugate points related to Lagrangian singularities. This approach is applied to analyze two relevant optimal control issues in NMR: the saturation control problem, that is, the problem of steering in minimum time a single spin 1/2 particle from the equilibrium point to the zero magnetization vector, and the contrast imaging problem. The analysis is completed by numerical computations and experimental results.
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2012-11-12
    Description: Ideal occurrence of an event (projector) leads to the known change of a state (density operator) into (the Lüders state). It is shown that two events and give the same Lüders state if and only if the equivalence relation is valid. This relation determines equivalence classes. The set of them and each class, are studied in detail. It is proved that the range projector of the Lüders state can be evaluated as , where denotes the greatest lower bound, and is the null projector of . State-dependent implication extends absolute implication (which, in turn, determines the entire structure of quantum logic). and are investigated in a closely related way to mutual benefit. Inherent in the preorder is the state-dependent equivalence , defining equivalence classes in a given Boolean subalgebra. The quotient set, in which the classes are the elements, has itself a partially ordered structure, and so has each class. In a complete Boolean subalgebra, both structures are complete lattices. Physical meanings are discussed.
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2012-05-24
    Description: We discuss conditions giving rise to stationary position-momentum correlations among quantum states in the Fock and coherent basis associated with the natural invariant for the one-dimensional time-dependent quadratic Hamiltonian operators such as the Kanai-Caldirola Hamiltonian. We also discuss some basic features such as quantum decoherence of the wave functions resulting from the corresponding quantum dynamics of these systems that exhibit no timedependence in their quantum correlations. In particular, steady statistical momentum averages are seen over well-defined time intervals in the evolution of a linear superposition of the basis states of modified exponentially damped mass systems.
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2012-08-08
    Description: The theory of electrodynamics of radiating charges is reviewed with special emphasis on the role of the Schott energy for the conservation of energy for a charge and its electromagnetic field. It is made clear that the existence of radiation from a charge is not invariant against a transformation between two reference frames that has an accelerated motion relative to each other. The questions whether the existence of radiation from a uniformly accelerated charge with vanishing radiation reaction force is in conflict with the principle of equivalence and whether a freely falling charge radiates are reviewed. It is shown that the resolution of an electromagnetic “perpetuum mobile paradox” associated with a charge moving geodetically along a circular path in the Schwarzschild spacetime requires the so-called tail terms in the equation of motion of a charged particle.
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2012-08-15
    Description: Formulas are presented for calculating the relative velocity distributions in effusive, orthogonal crossed beams and in effusive, counterpropagating beams experiments, which are two important geometries for the study of collision processes between atoms. In addition formulas for the distributions of collision rates and collision energies are also given.
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