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  • Articles  (456)
  • Hindawi  (456)
  • American Meteorological Society
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  • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
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  • 2020-2022
  • 2010-2014  (456)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1960-1964
  • 2014  (456)
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  • 1960
  • Advances in Meteorology  (139)
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  • Physics  (456)
  • Mathematics  (178)
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  • Articles  (456)
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Publisher
  • Hindawi  (456)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Copernicus
  • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
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  • 2020-2022
  • 2010-2014  (456)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1960-1964
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  • Physics  (456)
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  • 1
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    Lie Symmetry Reductions and Exact Solutions to the Rosenau Equation (2014)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-15
    Description: The Lie symmetry analysis is performed on the Rosenau equation which arises in modeling many physical phenomena. The similarity reductions and exact solutions are presented. Then the exact analytic solutions are considered by the power series method.
    Print ISSN: 1687-9120
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-9139
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
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  • 2
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    Fundamental Solutions for Periodic Media (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-15
    Description: Necessity for the periodic fundamental solutions arises when the periodic boundary value problems should be analyzed. The latter are naturally related to problems of finding the homogenized properties of the dispersed composites, porous media, and media with uniformly distributed microcracks or dislocations. Construction of the periodic fundamental solutions is done in terms of the convergent series in harmonic polynomials. An example of the periodic fundamental solution for the anisotropic porous medium is constructed, along with the simplified lower bound estimate.
    Print ISSN: 1687-9120
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-9139
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
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  • 3
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    Investigations on Vehicle Rollover Prevention Using LQG Regulator (2014)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-10
    Description: This paper presents results of an initial investigation into vehicle roll model and control strategies suitable for preventing vehicle untripped rollovers. For vehicles that are deemed to be susceptible to wheel-liftoff, various control strategies are implemented in simulation. In this study, the authors propose a method for rollover prevention that does not require such accurate contact information. The validity of the stability margin is shown, and it is used to realize rollover prevention in the direction of the roll. The primary assumption in their implementation is that the vehicle in question is equipped with a conventional controller system.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1687-9139
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
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  • 4
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    Symmetry and Group Theory and Its Application to Few-Body Physics (2014)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-19
    Print ISSN: 1687-9120
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-9139
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
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  • 5
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    Relative Contribution of the Topographic Influence on the Triangle Approach for Evapotranspiration Estimation over Mountainous Areas (2014)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-06
    Description: Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important component of the water budget. Estimation ET through remote sensing over a mountainous terrain is typically obstructed by topographic effects. In this paper, topographic corrections were applied to ET estimates using the surface-air temperature difference-Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (()-NDVI) triangle method with MODIS data for the Taihu Basin in China. The effect of topography on ET was evaluated over an area with a complex terrain. After applying the topographic correction, the results indicate that the ET decreased with elevation and slope. The slope had a stronger impact on ET than the elevation, which caused the corrected ET to decrease by 90% from 6.8 mm day−1 to 0.6 mm day−1 for slopes over 50°. On average, the corrected ET decreased by 10.4% and 32.1% for north- and south-facing slopes, respectively. The ET corrected using the triangle method strongly depended on the evaporative fraction correction, which can mainly be attributed to the surface temperature correction. We conclude that a topographic correction is necessary when the triangle method is applied to areas with a complex terrain.
    Print ISSN: 1687-9309
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-9317
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 6
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    Application of Short-Range LIDAR in Early Alerting for Low-Level Windshear and Turbulence at Hong Kong International Airport (2014)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-02
    Description: Hong Kong Observatory currently uses a series of meteorological instruments, including long-range LIDAR (light detection and ranging) systems, to provide alerting services of low-level windshear and turbulence for Hong Kong International Airport. For some events that are smaller in spatial dimensions and are rapidly changing, such as low altitude windshear and turbulence associated with buildings or man-made structures, it would be necessary to involve meteorological instruments that offer greater spatial resolution. Therefore, the Observatory has set up a short-range LIDAR on the roof of the AsiaWorld-Expo during the summers over the past several years, conducting field research on the feasibility of strengthening early alerting for windshear and turbulence over the north runway’s eastern arrival runway (Runway 25RA) and developing an automated early alerting algorithm. This paper takes the pilot reports for Runway 25RA during the 2013 field research as verification samples, using different thresholds for radial wind velocity spatial and temporal changes detected by the short-range LIDAR to calculate the relative operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and analyzes its early alerting performance.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1687-9317
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 7
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    Advances in Observation and Estimation of Land Use Impacts on Climate Changes: Improved Data, Upgraded Models, and Case Studies (2014)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-13
    Description: Global land use and land cover pattern has greatly changed in the past 50 years, which exerts direct or indirect influence on the climate change remarkably at both regional and global scales. Therefore, observing and estimating the land use impacts on surface climate is essential and has been continuously promoted by researchers. This paper explores the advancement in the models, data, and application for observing and estimating the land use impacts on surface climate and points out further research needs and priorities, which hopefully will provide some references for related studies.
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  • 8
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    Preliminary Analysis on the Global Features of the NCEP CFSv2 Seasonal Hindcasts (2014)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-20
    Description: The representation of the CFSv2 ocean-atmosphere ensemble hindcasts is investigated during Dec-Jan-Feb (DJF) and Jun-Jul-Aug (JJA) from 1983 to 2010. The skill anomaly correlations showed that in some continents the forecasts do not have dependency with changes in the initial conditions. Also, in both seasons the model has a higher skill at the 0-month lead time with the largest spatial biases occurring over the North America, South America, and Oceania. Over the continents the largest biases in the nonlinearity of El Niño minus La Niña events are found over the eastern South Africa, part of Oceania, and central-southeastern parts of South America. During DJF the main biases are related to double-ITCZ, strengthening of SPCZ, and deepening of the Aleutian and Icelandic low pressures. The simulation of a warmer SST on the eastern of most austral oceans, the strengthening (weakening) of the Subtropical (Polar) Jet over the Southern Hemisphere, and the weakening of the zonal circulation near the Antarctic continent are also found in both seasons. Over the central-eastern Equatorial Pacific a cooler bias in SST is found during JJA. These biases are interpreted by analyses of the simulated global mean-state and their impact on the main patterns of variability.
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  • 9
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    Validation of ASTER Surface Temperature Data with In Situ Measurements to Evaluate Heat Islands in Complex Urban Areas (2014)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-21
    Description: This study compared Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) surface temperature data with in situ measurements to validate the use of ASTER data for studying heat islands in urban settings with complex spatial characteristics. Eight sites in Changwon, Korea, were selected for analyses. Surface temperature data were extracted from the thermal infrared (TIR) band of ASTER on four dates during the summer and fall of 2012, and corresponding in situ measurements of temperature were also collected. Comparisons showed that ASTER derived temperatures were generally 4.27°C lower than temperatures collected by in situ measurements during the daytime, except on cloudy days. However, ASTER temperatures were higher by 2.23–2.69°C on two dates during the nighttime. Temperature differences between a city park and a paved area were insignificant. Differences between ASTER derived temperatures and onsite measurements are caused by a variety of factors including the application of emissivity values that do not consider the complex spatial characteristics of urban areas. Therefore, to improve the accuracy of surface temperatures extracted from infrared satellite imagery, we propose a revised model whereby temperature data is obtained from ASTER and emissivity values for various land covers are extracted based on in situ measurements.
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  • 10
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    Radiative Impact of Fireworks at a Tropical Indian Location: A Case Study (2014)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-23
    Description: During Diwali festival, extensive burning of crackers and fireworks is made. Weeklong intensive observational campaign for aerosol study was carried out at a representative urban location in the eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), Varanasi (25.3°N, 83.0°E), from October 29 to November 04, 2005 (Diwali on November 01, 2005), to investigate behavioral change of aerosol properties and radiative forcing between firework affected and nonaffected periods. Results show a substantial increase (~27%) in aerosol optical depth, aerosol absorption coefficients, and aerosol scattering coefficients during affected period as compared to non-affected periods. Magnitudes of radiative forcing at top of atmosphere during affected and non-affected periods are found to be +10 ± 1 and +12 ± 1 Wm−2, respectively, which are −31 ± 7 and −17 ± 5 Wm−2, respectively, at surface. It suggests an additional cooling of ~20% at top of atmosphere, ~45% cooling at surface, and additional atmospheric heating of 0.23 Kday−1 during fireworks affected period, which is ~30% higher than the non-affected period average.
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    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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