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  • Articles  (87)
  • Hindawi  (87)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Copernicus
  • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
  • Molecular Diversity Preservation International
  • Springer Nature
  • Springer Science + Business Media
  • 2010-2014  (87)
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  • Advances in Astronomy  (36)
  • 109819
  • Physics  (87)
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  • Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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  • Articles  (87)
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  • Hindawi  (87)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Copernicus
  • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
  • Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 2010-2014  (87)
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  • Physics  (87)
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  • Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2012-08-22
    Description: Given an arbitrary function, we may construct symmetric and antisymmetric functions under a certain operation. Since statistical isotropy and homogeneity of our Universe has been a fundamental assumption of modern cosmology, we do not expect any particular symmetry or antisymmetry in our Universe. Besides fundamental properties of our Universe, we may also figure our contamination and improve the quality of the CMB data products, by matching the unusual symmetries and antisymmetries of the CMB data with known contaminantions. If we let the operation to be a coordinate inversion, the symmetric and antisymmetric functions have even and odd-parity respectively. The investigation on the parity of the recent CMB data shows a large-scale odd-parity preference, which is very unlikely in the statistical isotropic and homogeneous Universe. We investigated the association of the WMAP systematics with the anomaly, but did not find a definite non-cosmological cause. Besides the parity anomaly, there is anomalous lack of large-scale correlation in CMB data. We show that the odd-parity preference at low multipoles is, in fact, phenomenologically identical with the lack of large-angle correlation.
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2012-06-21
    Description: After almost one century since their definition, the origin of lenticular galaxies is still a matter of debate. Several formation processes have been proposed in order to explain the wide variety of their observational properties. These properties could indicate that the class of lenticulars is a family formed by galaxies with different formations and evolutions. Here I review the main observational properties of the photometric components of lenticular galaxies reported in recent decades. I revise the main processes proposed in order to explain their origin and evolution. I also explain the different properties of the lenticular galaxies that have evolved through each of these formation processes. A unique opportunity for understanding the origin of S0 galaxies will shortly be forthcoming. This is due to the morphological classifications of large galaxy samples that have recently been published. These classifications have given us our first ever opportunity to study large samples of lenticulars within a wide range of masses and located in a great variety of environments. These large samples will provide us with a real census of nearby lenticular galaxies and could be crucial in finally helping us to understand the origin and evolution of these galaxies.
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2012-06-21
    Description: The local interstellar antiproton spectrum is simulated taking into account antineutron decay, (He,p) interaction, secondary and tertiary antiproton production, and the solar modulation in the “force field” approximation. Inclusive invariant cross-sections were obtained through a Monte Carlo procedure using the Multistage Dynamical Model code simulating various processes of the particle production. The results of the simulations provided flux values of 4⋅10−3 to 10−2 and 10−2 to 1.7⋅10−2 antiprotons/(m2 s sr GeV) at energies of 0.2 and 1 GeV, respectively, for the solar maximum and minimum epochs. Simulated flux of the trapped antiprotons in the inner magnetosphere due to galactic cosmic ray (GCR) interactions with the atmospheric constituents exceeds the galactic antiproton flux up to several orders. These simulation results considering the assumptions with the attendant limitations are in comprehensive agreement with the experimental data including the PAMELA ones.
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2012-06-21
    Description: The idea that quantum gravity can be realized at the TeV scale is extremely attractive to theorists and experimentalists alike. This proposal leads to extra spacial dimensions large compared to the Planck scale. Here, we give a very systematic view of the foundations of the theories with large extra dimensions and their physical consequences.
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2012-06-21
    Description: We analyze and review cosmological models in which the dynamics of a single scalar field accounts for a unified description of the Dark Matter and Dark Energy sectors, dubbed Unified Dark Matter (UDM) models. In this framework, we consider the general Lagrangian of k-essence, which allows to find solutions around which the scalar field describes the desired mixture of Dark Matter and Dark Energy. We also discuss static and spherically symmetric solutions of Einstein's equations for a scalar field with noncanonical kinetic term, in connection with galactic halo rotation curves.
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2012-06-21
    Description: we continue our study of the CMB temperature polarization (TE) cross-correlation as a source of information about primordial gravitational waves (PGWs). In a previous paper, we considered two methods for detecting PGWs using the TE cross-correlation. The first method is the zero multipole method, where we find the multipole, ℓ0, where the TE cross-correlation power spectrum, CℓTE, first changes sign. The second method Wiener filters the CMB TE data to remove the density perturbation contribution to the TE power spectrum. We then use statistical tests to determine if there is a detection of negative residual TE correlation and hence a detection of primordial gravitational waves, the only source of negative TE correlation at these superhorizon scales. In this paper, we will apply these tests to the WMAP 5-year data. We find that the TE power spectrum consistent with r < 2.0 at 95% confidence with no additional assumptions about the PGWs. If we assume that the PGWs are generated by inflation, then we get r < 1.0 at 95% confidence.
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2012-06-21
    Description: Conventional equilibrium statistical mechanics of open gravitational systems is known to be problematical. We first recall that spherical stars/galaxies acquire unbounded radii, become infinitely massive, and evaporate away continuously if one uses the standard Maxwellian distribution fB (which maximizes the usual Boltzmann-Shannon entropy and hence has a tail extending to infinity). Next, we show that these troubles disappear automatically if we employ the exact most probable distribution f (which maximizes the combinatorial entropy and hence possesses a sharp cutoff tail). Finally, if astronomical observation is carried out on a large galaxy, then the Poisson equation together with thermal de Broglie wavelength provides useful information about the cutoff radius rK, cutoff energy εK, and the huge quantum number K up to which the cluster exists. Thereby, a refinement over the empirical lowered isothermal King models, is achieved. Numerically, we find that the most probable distribution (MPD) prediction fits well the number density profile near the outer edge of globular clusters.
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2012-06-21
    Description: We discuss recent laboratory experiments with rotating superconductors and show that three so far unexplained experimentally observed effects (anomalous acceleration signals, anomalous gyroscope signals, Cooper pair mass excess) can be physically explained in terms of a possible interaction of dark energy with Cooper pairs. Our approach is based on a Ginzburg-Landau-like model of electromagnetic dark energy, where gravitationally active photons obtain mass in the superconductor. We show that this model can account simultaneously for the anomalous acceleration and anomalous gravitomagnetic fields around rotating superconductors measured by Tajmar et al. and for the anomalous Cooper pair mass in superconductive Niobium, measured by Cabrera and Tate. It is argued that these three different physical effects are ultimately different experimental manifestations of the simultaneous spontaneous breaking of gauge invariance and of the principle of general covariance in superconductive materials.
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2012-06-21
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2012-06-21
    Description: We present a model of dark matter based on scalar-tensor theory of gravity. With this scalar field dark matter model we study the non-linear evolution of the large-scale structures in the universe. The equations that govern the evolution of the scale factor of the universe are derived together with the appropriate Newtonian equations to follow the nonlinear evolution of the structures. Results are given in terms of the power spectrum that gives quantitative information on the large-scale structure formation. The initial conditions we have used are consistent with the so-called concordance ΛCDM model.
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