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  • Articles  (259)
  • Oxford University Press  (259)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Cell Press
  • Elsevier
  • Institute of Physics (IOP)
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
  • Springer
  • Springer Nature
  • Springer Science + Business Media
  • 2020-2022
  • 2015-2019  (210)
  • 1960-1964  (49)
  • 2022
  • 2016  (210)
  • 1961  (49)
  • Journal of Electron Microscopy  (77)
  • 10250
  • Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology  (259)
  • Geography
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  • Articles  (259)
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Publisher
  • Oxford University Press  (259)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Cell Press
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  • 2020-2022
  • 2015-2019  (210)
  • 1960-1964  (49)
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  • 1
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    Application of multispectral imaging detects areas with neuronal myelin loss, without tissue labelling (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-31
    Description: The application of multispectral imaging to discriminate myelinated and demyelinated areas of neural tissue is herein presented. The method is applied through a custom-made, multispectral imaging monochromator, coupled to a commercially available microscope. In the present work, a series of spinal cord sections were analysed derived from mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an experimental model widely used to study multiple sclerosis (MS). The multispectral microscope allows imaging of local areas with loss of myelin without the need of tissue labelling. Imaging with the aforementioned method and system is compared in a parallel way with conventional methods (wide-field and confocal fluorescence microscopies). The diagnostic sensitivity of our method is 90.4% relative to the ‘gold standard’ method of immunofluorescence microscopy. The presented method offers a new platform for the possible future development of an in vivo , real-time, non-invasive, rapid imaging diagnostic tool of spinal cord myelin loss-derived pathologies.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
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  • 2
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    Recent advancement in the challenges to connectomics (2016)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-31
    Description: Advancement of microscopic technologies established significant progress in our understanding of the brain. In the recent effort to elucidate the complete wiring map of the brain circuitry termed ‘connectome’, the different modalities of imaging technology, including those of light and electron microscopy, have started providing essential contribution in multiple organisms. The contribution would be impossible without the recent innovation in both acquisition and analyses of the big connectomic data. The current data demonstrated complicated networks with unidirectional and reciprocal connections of the cerebral circuits at the macroscopic and light microscopic (‘mesoscopic’) levels, and the unimaginable complexity of synaptic connections between axons and dendrites at the electron microscopic (‘microscopic’) level. At the same time, the data highlighted the necessity to make substantial advancement in methodology of the connectomic studies, including efficient handling and automated analyses of the acquired dataset. Further understanding about structural and functional connectome seems to be facilitated by combinations of the different imaging modalities. Such multidisciplinary approaches will give us the clues to address whether the complete connectome can elucidate fundamental mechanisms processing the basic and higher functions of human brains.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
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  • 3
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    Quantitative determination of occupation sites of trace Co substituted for multiple Fe sites in M-type hexagonal ferrite using statistical beam-rocking TEM-EDXS analysis (2016)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-31
    Description: The occupation sites and the occupancies of trace dopants in La/Co co-doped Sr-M-type ferrite, SrFe 12 O 19 , were quantitatively and precisely determined by beam-rocking energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) on the basis of electron-channeling effects. Because the Co atoms, in particular, should be partially substituted for the five crystallographically inequivalent sites, which could be key parameters in improving the magneto-crystalline anisotropy, it is difficult yet intriguing to discover their occupation sites and occupancies without using the methods of large-scale facilities, such as neutron diffraction and synchrotron radiation. In the present study, we tackled this problem by applying an extended statistical atom location by channeling enhanced microanalysis method, using conventional transmission electron microscopy, EDXS and dynamical electron elastic/inelastic scattering theories. The results show that the key occupation sites of Co were the 2a, 4f 1 and 12k sites. The quantified occupancies of Co were consistent with those of the previous study, which involved a combination of neutron diffraction and extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis, as well as energetics considerations based on by first-principles calculations.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Effects of isoconcentration surface threshold values on the characteristics of needle-shaped precipitates in atom probe tomography data from an aged Al-Mg-Si alloy (2016)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-31
    Description: Needle-shaped precipitates in an aged Al–0.62Mg–0.93Si (mass%) alloy were identified using a compositional threshold method, an isoconcentration surface, in atom probe tomography (APT). The influence of thresholds on the morphological and compositional characteristics of the precipitates was investigated. Utilizing optimum parameters for the concentration space, a reliable number density of the precipitates is obtained without dependence on the elemental concentration threshold in comparison with evaluation by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It is suggested that careful selection of the concentration space in APT can lead to a reasonable average Mg/Si ratio for the precipitates. It was found that the maximum length and maximum diameter of the precipitates are affected by the elemental concentration threshold. Adjustment of the concentration threshold gives better agreement with the precipitate dimensions measured by TEM.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
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  • 5
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    Two-dimensional crystal structure of aquaporin-4 bound to the inhibitor acetazolamide (2016)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-31
    Description: Acetazolamide (AZA) reduces the water permeability of aquaporin-4, the predominant water channel in the brain. We determined the structure of aquaporin-4 in the presence of AZA using electron crystallography. Most of the features of the 5-Å density map were consistent with those of the previously determined atomic model. The map showed a protruding density from near the extracellular pore entrance, which most likely represents the bound AZA. Molecular docking simulations supported the location of the protrusion as the likely AZA-binding site. These findings suggest that AZA reduces water conduction by obstructing the pathway at the extracellular entrance without inducing a large conformational change in the protein.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
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  • 6
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    In situ heating SEM observation of the bainitic transformation process in Cu-17Al-11Mn (at.%) alloys (2016)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-31
    Description: To understand the bainitic transformation behavior in Cu–17Al–11Mn (at.%) alloys, dynamic in situ observation during heating was carried out in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). In this study, after optimizing the sample preparation method and observation conditions, we successfully observed the transformation process with sufficient resolution and contrast. From the observation results, bainite is first formed preferentially at the grain boundaries of the parent phase. Bainite is also formed inside the grains to relax the elastic strain generated by the initial bainite. Regarding the growth mode, in the early stage of the transformation, bainite grows along the longitudinal direction, and in the late stage, it grows along the lateral direction. The growth rate of the bainite was also evaluated by continuous observation of the same plate. Dynamic in situ observation of a martensitic transformation in the same alloy was also performed to compare the growth mode with that of bainite, and it was found that the behavior is considerably different between bainitic and the martensitic transformations.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
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  • 7
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    Three-dimensional shape of the Golgi apparatus in different cell types: serial section scanning electron microscopy of the osmium-impregnated Golgi apparatus (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-31
    Description: Although many studies of the Golgi apparatus structure have been performed by light and electron microscopy, the full shape of the Golgi apparatus remained unclear due to the technical limitations of the previously applied microscopy techniques. In this study, we used serial section scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the morphological study of the Golgi apparatus. This method is useful for three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of cellular structures without requiring specialized instruments, unlike focused ion beam SEM (FIB-SEM) and serial block face SEM (SBF-SEM). Using the serial section SEM method developed by our laboratory, we investigate the 3D shape of the osmium-impregnated Golgi apparatus in rat epididymal cells, pancreatic acinar cells and gonadotropes. The combination of serial section SEM and a 3D reconstruction technique enabled us to elucidate the entire shape of the Golgi apparatus in these cells. The full shape of the Golgi apparatus in epididymal cells formed a basket-like structure with oval-shaped cisterns, while the Golgi apparatus in an acinar cell from the pancreas was composed of elongated ribbon-like structures that were connected to each other, making a coarse network. The overall image of the Golgi apparatus cisterns from a gonadotrope looked like a spherical cage. This study has clearly shown that entire 3D shape of the Golgi apparatus varies depending on the cell type and that the Golgi cisterns network appears as a single mass located in the large region of the cytoplasm.
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    9 + 0 and 9 + 2 cilia are randomly dispersed in the mouse node (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-31
    Description: The initial determination of left–right asymmetry is an essential process in embryonic development. In mouse embryo, cilia in the node play an important role generating the nodal flow that subsequently triggers left–right determination in the embryo. Although nodal cilia have historically been thought to have a 9 + 0 axonemal configuration, the existence of 9 + 2 cilia has been reported so far. Because the distribution of those two types of cilia within the node has not yet been reported, we assessed the arrangement of 9 + 0 and 9 + 2 cilia in the node. In this study, we concluded that most of the nodal cilia were 9 + 0 in structure and there were much fewer 9 + 2 cilia than 9 + 0 cilia. Furthermore, the two types of cilia were randomly distributed in the node with no regularity. In addition, we studied the embryonic origin of the crown cells surrounding the node to better understand their identity.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Sub-nm 3D observation of human hair melanin by high-voltage STEM (2016)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2016-03-31
    Description: The ultrastructure of melanin granules in human hair was studied using 1,000 kV high-voltage scanning transmission electron microscopy to successfully reconstruct three-dimensional images of the whole melanin granule. It was revealed that the melanin granule was composed of a membrane-like outer structure that included many spherical vesicles, and an inner matrix containing a sheet-like structure in the elongated direction of the melanin granule and a sheet-like arrays structure in the cross direction. The outer structure of the melanin granule was maintained even after exposure to hair-bleaching agents to decompose the melanin granule, suggesting that the outer structure was a highly robust structure and composition compared with the inner matrix .
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
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  • 10
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    Union operation image processing of data cubes separately processed by different objective filters and its application to void analysis in an all-solid-state lithium-ion battery (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-31
    Description: In this article, we propose a smart image-analysis method suitable for extracting target features with hierarchical dimension from original data. The method was applied to three-dimensional volume data of an all-solid lithium-ion battery obtained by the automated sequential sample milling and imaging process using a focused ion beam/scanning electron microscope to investigate the spatial configuration of voids inside the battery. To automatically fully extract the shape and location of the voids, three types of filters were consecutively applied: a median blur filter to extract relatively larger voids, a morphological opening operation filter for small dot-shaped voids and a morphological closing operation filter for small voids with concave contrasts. Three data cubes separately processed by the above-mentioned filters were integrated by a union operation to the final unified volume data, which confirmed the correct extraction of the voids over the entire dimension contained in the original data.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
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