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  • Articles  (2,600)
  • Springer  (2,600)
  • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • Microgravity Science and Technology  (396)
  • Foundations of Science  (233)
  • Microgravity Science and Technology. 2001; 13(1): 14-19. Published 2001 Mar 01. doi: 10.1007/bf02873326.  (1)
  • Microgravity Science and Technology. 2001; 13(1): 20-23. Published 2001 Mar 01. doi: 10.1007/bf02873327.  (1)
  • Microgravity Science and Technology. 2001; 13(1): 24-28. Published 2001 Mar 01. doi: 10.1007/bf02873328.  (1)
  • Microgravity Science and Technology. 2001; 13(1): 29-34. Published 2001 Mar 01. doi: 10.1007/bf02873329.  (1)
  • Microgravity Science and Technology. 2001; 13(1): 3-6. Published 2001 Mar 01. doi: 10.1007/bf02873324.  (1)
  • Microgravity Science and Technology. 2001; 13(1): 35-38. Published 2001 Mar 01. doi: 10.1007/bf02873330.  (1)
  • Microgravity Science and Technology. 2001; 13(1): 8-12. Published 2001 Mar 01. doi: 10.1007/bf02873325.  (1)
  • Microgravity Science and Technology. 2002; 13(2): 12-15. Published 2002 Jun 01. doi: 10.1007/bf02872066.  (1)
  • Microgravity Science and Technology. 2002; 13(2): 16-21. Published 2002 Jun 01. doi: 10.1007/bf02872067.  (1)
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  • Natural Sciences in General  (2,600)
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  • Articles  (2,600)
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  • Springer  (2,600)
  • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
  • National Academy of Sciences
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  • 1
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    Machine Learning for 3D Particle Tracking in Granular Gases (2020)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2020-07-18
    Description: Dilute ensembles of granular matter (so-called granular gases) are nonlinear systems which exhibit fascinating dynamical behavior far from equilibrium, including non-Gaussian distributions of velocities and rotational velocities, clustering, and violation of energy equipartition. In order to understand their dynamic properties, microgravity experiments were performed in suborbital flights and drop tower experiments. Up to now, the experimental images were evaluated mostly manually. Here, we introduce an approach for automatic 3D tracking of positions and orientations of rod-like particles in a dilute ensemble, based on two-view video data analysis. A two-dimensional (2D) localization of particles is performed using a Mask R-CNN neural network trained on a custom data set. The problem of 3D matching of the particles is solved by minimization of the total reprojection error, and finally, particle trajectories are tracked so that ensemble statistics are extracted. Depending on the required accuracy, the software can work fully self-sustainingly or serve as a base for subsequent manual corrections. The approach can be extended to other 3D and 2D particle tracking problems.
    Print ISSN: 0938-0108
    Electronic ISSN: 1875-0494
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Natural Sciences in General , Technology
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  • 2
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    Microtubules and Vimentin Fiber Stability during Parabolic Flights (2020)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2020-07-19
    Description: Adequate mechanical stimulation is essential for cellular health and tissue maintenance, including articular cartilage, which lines the articulating bones in joints. Chondrocytes, which are the sole cells found in articular cartilage, are responsible for matrix synthesis, maintenance and degradation. It is generally believed that chondrocytes require mechanical stimuli through daily physical activity for adequate cartilage homeostasis. However, to date, the molecular mechanisms of cellular force sensing (mechanotransduction) are not fully understood. Among other mechanisms, the cytoskeleton is thought to play a key role. Despite that gravity is a very small force at the cellular level, cytoskeletal adaptations have been observed under altered gravity conditions of a parabolic flight in multiple cell types. In this study, we developed a novel hardware which allowed to chemically fix primary bovine chondrocytes at 7 time points over the course of a 31-parabola flight. The samples were subsequently stained for the microtubules and vimentin network and microscopic images were acquired. The images showed a large heterogeneity among the cells in morphology as well as in the structure of both networks. In all, no changes or adaptions in cytoskeleton structure could be detected over the course of the parabolic flight.
    Print ISSN: 0938-0108
    Electronic ISSN: 1875-0494
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Natural Sciences in General , Technology
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  • 3
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    Design, Simulation and Test of Thermal Control System of Centrifuge for Space Utilization (2020)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Print ISSN: 0938-0108
    Electronic ISSN: 1875-0494
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Natural Sciences in General , Technology
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  • 4
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    The Mathematical Descriptions of Truth and Change (2020)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2020-07-09
    Print ISSN: 1233-1821
    Electronic ISSN: 1572-8471
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 5
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    Induction: A Logical Analysis (2020)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2020-07-08
    Print ISSN: 1233-1821
    Electronic ISSN: 1572-8471
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 6
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    Small RNA Deep Sequencing and the Effects of microRNA408 on Root Gravitropic Bending in Arabidopsis (2015)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-21
    Description: MicroRNA (miRNA) is a non-coding small RNA composed of 20 to 24 nucleotides that influences plant root development. This study analyzed the miRNA expression in Arabidopsis root tip cells using Illumina sequencing and real-time PCR before (sample 0) and 15 min after (sample 15) a 3-D clinostat rotational treatment was administered. After stimulation was performed, the expression levels of seven miRNA genes, including Arabidopsis miR160, miR161, miR394, miR402, miR403, miR408, and miR823, were significantly upregulated. Illumina sequencing results also revealed two novel miRNAsthat have not been previously reported, The target genes of these miRNAs included pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein and diadenosine tetraphosphate hydrolase. An overexpression vector of Arabidopsis miR408 was constructed and transferred to Arabidopsis plant. The roots of plants over expressing miR408 exhibited a slower reorientation upon gravistimulation in comparison with those of wild-type. This result indicate that miR408 could play a role in root gravitropic response.
    Print ISSN: 0938-0108
    Electronic ISSN: 1875-0494
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Natural Sciences in General , Technology
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  • 7
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    Dynamical and Microrheological Analysis of Amyloplasts in the Plant Root Gravity-Sensing Cells (2015)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-04
    Description: Gravitropism in plants is one of the most controversial issues. In the most wildly accepted starch-statolith hypothesis the sedimentation movement of amyloplasts in the gravisensing columella cells primarily triggers the asymmetric distribution of auxin which leads to the differential growth of the plant root. It has been gradually recognized that the inhomogeneous structures in statocytes arising from intracellular components such as cytoskeletons significantly affect the complex movements of amyloplasts and the final gravimorphogenesis. In this letter, we implement a diffusive dynamics measurement and inplanta microrheological analysis of amyloplasts in the wild-type plants and actin cytoskeleton mutants for the first time. We found that the intracellular environment of columella cells exhibits the spatial heterogeneity and the cage-confinement on amyloplasts which is the typically characteristics in colloidal suspensions. By comparing the distinct diffusive dynamics of amyloplasts in different types of plants with the behaviors of colloidal systems in different states, we quantitatively characterized the influence of the actin organization dominated intracellular envoronments on the amyloplast movements. Furthermore, the cage-confinement strength was measured by calculating the spatial fluctuation of local apparent viscosity within the columella cells. Finally, a linear association between the initial mechanical stimulation in the columella cells the subsequent intercellular signal transduction and the final gravity response was observed and a possible gravity sensing mechanism was suggested. It suggests the existence of a potential gravity-sensing mechanism that dictates a linear frustration effect of the actin cytoskeleton on the conversion of the mechanical stimulation of amyloplasts into gravitropic signals.
    Print ISSN: 0938-0108
    Electronic ISSN: 1875-0494
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Natural Sciences in General , Technology
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  • 8
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    Penrose on What Scientists Know (2015)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2015-09-19
    Description: This paper presents an analysis and critique of Roger Penrose’s epistemological, methodological, and ontological positions. The analysis is relevant not only because Penrose is an influential scientist, but also because of the particular traits of his thought. These traits are directly connected with his background and approach to science: (1) ontological and epistemological realism, (2) mathematical Platonism, (3) emphasis on the continuities of science, (4) epistemological inclusiveness and essential openness of science, (5) the role of common sense, (6) emphasis on the connection between science, ethics, and philosophy. The paper articulates Penrose’s position and criticizes some of its possible shortcomings. It contributes to the perception of science as an open activity, as illustrated in Penrose’s particular approach, and provides an interesting case-study that can contribute to understanding how epistemological and ontological positions are connected with particular scientific practices.
    Print ISSN: 1233-1821
    Electronic ISSN: 1572-8471
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 9
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    A Theory of Scientific Study (2015)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2015-09-19
    Description: This paper presents a theory of scientific study which is regarded as a social learning process of (working) scientific knowledge creation, revision, application, monitoring (e.g., confirmation) and dissemination (e.g., publication) with the aim of securing good quality, general, objective, testable and complete scientific knowledge of the domain. The theory stipulates the aim of scientific study that forms the basis of its principles. It also makes seven assumptions about scientific study and defines the major participating entities (i.e., scientists, scientific knowledge and enabling technical knowledge). It extends a recent process model of scientific study into a detailed interaction model as this process model already addresses many issues of philosophy of science. The detailed interaction model of scientific study provides a common template of scientific activities for developing logical (data) models in different scientific disciplines (for physical database implementation), or alternatively for developing (domain) ontologies of different scientific disciplines. Differences between research and scientific studies are discussed, and a possible way to develop a scientific theory of scientific study is described.
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    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 10
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    Feedback Models of Two Classical Philosophical Positions and a Semantic Problem (2015)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 2015-09-19
    Description: The notion of feedback has been exploited with considerable success in scientific and technological fields as well as in the sciences of man and society. Its use in philosophical, cultural and educational contexts, however, is still rather meagre, even if some notable attempts can be found in the literature. This paper shows that the feedback concept can help learn and understand some classical philosophical theories. In particular, attention focuses on Fichte’s doctrine of science, usually presented in obscure terms following its inventor’s style, and on the vulgate version of Hegel’s dialectic. Also a classic problem of linguistics concerning the meaning of sentences in partially unknown languages is interpreted with the aid of feedback diagrams. Even if the analysis is only qualitative, it is believed that it may serve as a useful tool for thought for both students and researchers.
    Print ISSN: 1233-1821
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    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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