ALBERT

Note: N.F. entfällt ab 57.2000. - Volltext auch als Teil einer Datenbank verfügbar , Ersch. ab 2000 in engl. Sprache mit dt. Hauptsacht.

Note: Part 1: Recycling in context Chapter 1: Introduction Abstract 1.1: The Challenges 1.2: The Role of Materials in Society 1.3: From Linear to Circular Economy 1.4: Recycling in the Circular Economy 1.5: The Book References Chapter 2: The fundamental limits of circularity quantified by digital twinning Abstract 2.1: Introduction 2.2: A Product and Material Focus on Recycling Within the CE 2.3: Digital Twinning of the CE System: Understanding the Opportunities and Limits 2.4: Opportunities and Challenges References Chapter 3: Maps of the physical economy to inform sustainability strategies Abstract Acknowledgments 3.1: Introduction 3.2: Dimensions of MFA 3.3: Components for Monitoring the Physical Economy 3.4: Application of the Framework: Maps of the Aluminum Cycle 3.5: Recommendations References Chapter 4: Material efficiency—Squaring the circular economy: Recycling within a hierarchy of material management strategies Abstract 4.1: Is a Circular Economy Possible or Desirable? 4.2: Hierarchies of Material Conservation 4.3: When Is Recycling Not the Answer? 4.4: Discussion References Chapter 5: Material and product-centric recycling: design for recycling rules and digital methods Abstract Acknowledgements 5.1: Introduction 5.2: Recyclability Index and Ecolabeling of Products 5.3: DfR Rules and Guidelines 5.4: Product-Centric Recycling 5.5: Examples of Recycling System Simulation 5.6: Summary 5.7: Future Challenges References Additional Reading Chapter 6: Developments in collection of municipal waste Abstract 6.1: Introduction 6.2: Definitions and Models 6.3: A Global Picture of SWM 6.4: Collection and Recovery Systems 6.5: Future Developments 6.6: Conclusion and Outlook References Chapter 7: The path to inclusive recycling: Developing countries and the informal sector Abstract 7.1: Introduction 7.2: Definition and Links With the Formal Sector 7.3: Informal Waste Tire Recycling: Challenges and Opportunities 7.4: Approaches Towards Inclusive Recycling 7.5: Policies and Standardization Developments for Inclusive Recycling 7.6: Conclusion and Outlook References Part 2: Recycling from a product perspective Chapter 8: Physical separation Abstract 8.1: Introduction 8.2: Properties and Property Spaces 8.3: Breakage 8.4: Particle Size Classification 8.5: Gravity Separation 8.6: Flotation 8.7: Magnetic Separation 8.8: Eddy Current Separation 8.9: Electrostatic Separation 8.10: Sorting 8.11: Conclusion References Chapter 9: Sensor-based sorting Abstract 9.1: Mechanical Treatment of Waste 9.2: Principle of Sensor-Based Sorting 9.3: Requirements for Optimal Sorting Results 9.4: Available Sensors 9.5: Application of Different Sensors in Recycling 9.6: Recent Developments 9.7: Outlook References Chapter 10: Mixed bulky waste Abstract 10.1: Introduction 10.2: The Circular Process for Mixed Bulky Waste 10.3: Conditions for Economically Viable Sorting 10.4: Sorting of Mixed Bulky Waste 10.5: Sorting Process 10.6: Recycling Efficiency 10.7: Conclusion and Outlook Reference Chapter 11: Packaging Abstract 11.1: Introduction 11.2: Packaging Waste 11.3: Composition 11.4: Recovery and Recycling 11.5: Collection and Recovery Schemes 11.6: Conclusion and Outlook References Chapter 12: End-of-life vehicles Abstract 12.1: Introduction 12.2: Vehicle Composition 12.3: Recycling Chain 12.4: Recycling of Automotive parts 12.5: Recycling of Automotive Fluids 12.6: Automotive Shredder Residue 12.7: Future Developments and Outlook 12.8: Conclusions References Further Reading Chapter 13: Electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) Abstract 13.1: Introduction 13.2: Waste Characterization 13.3: Recycling Chain and Technologies 13.4: Future Developments 13.5: Conclusions References Chapter 14: Photovoltaic and wind energy equipment Abstract 14.1: Introduction 14.2: Wind Turbines 14.3: Photovoltaic Modules 14.4: Wind Turbine Recycling 14.5: PV Recycling 14.6: Future Developments 14.7: Key Issues and Challenges 14.8: Conclusions and Outlook References Chapter 15: Buildings Abstract 15.1: The Why: Buildings and Circularity 15.2: The How and Who: A Framework 15.3: The When: Shearing Layers 15.4: The What: Materials in Buildings 15.5: Improving Data on Materials 15.6: The How, Who, When, and What 15.7: Outlook References Chapter 16: Construction and demolition waste Abstract Acknowledgments 16.1: Introduction 16.2: C&D Waste Use 16.3: Recycling 16.4: Recycling Technologies and Practice 16.5: Future Developments 16.6: Conclusion and Outlook References Chapter 17: Industrial by-products Abstract 17.1: Waste, By-product, or Product? 17.2: Major By-products 17.3: Where and How to Use By-products 17.4: Technical and Environmental Requirements 17.5: Sustainability Aspects 17.6: Conclusions, Challenges, and Outlook References Chapter 18: Mine tailings Abstract 18.1: Introduction 18.2: Future Opportunities for Tailings Management 18.3: Main Drivers for Change 18.4: Emerging Technologies 18.5: Conclusions and Outlook References Further Reading Part 3: Recycling from a material perspective Chapter 19: Steel Abstract 19.1: Introduction 19.2: Use Phase and Recycling Examples 19.3: Classification of Steel Scrap 19.4: Requirements for Scrap 19.5: Treatment Process 19.6: Steel Scrap Smelting Process 19.7: Steel 19.8: Alloy or Tramp Elements? 19.9: Purification of Scrap 19.10: Outlook References Further Reading Chapter 20: Aluminum Abstract 20.1: Introduction 20.2: Alloys and Their Recycling 20.3: Melt Loss 20.4: Used Beverage Can (UBC) Recycling 20.5: Wheel Recycling 20.6: Dross Processing 20.7: Purification and Refining 20.8: Future Trends and Challenges References Chapter 21: Copper Abstract 21.1: Sources of Copper Scrap 21.2: Smelting and Refining of Copper Scrap 21.3: Conclusions and Outlook References Further Reading Chapter 22: Lead Abstract 22.1: Introduction 22.2: Material Use 22.3: The Lead-Acid Battery 22.4: Recycling Technologies 22.5: Future Developments 22.6: Key Issues and Challenges References Chapter 23: Zinc Abstract 23.1: Introduction 23.2: Recycling Technologies 23.3: Key Issues and Challenges References Chapter 24: Ferroalloy elements Abstract 24.1: Introduction 24.2: Use and Recycling 24.3: Recycling of Residues 24.4: Conclusion References Chapter 25: Precious and technology metals Abstract 25.1: Introduction 25.2: Applications 25.3: Scrap Types and Quantities 25.4: Recycling Technologies 25.5: Future Challenges 25.6: Conclusions and Outlook Further reading References Chapter 26: Concrete and aggregates Abstract Acknowledgment 26.1: Introduction 26.2: Waste Flows 26.3: Recovery Rates 26.4: Recycled Aggregate Concrete Applications 26.5: Concrete Recycling Technologies 26.6: Future Developments 26.7: Conclusion References Chapter 27: Cementitious binders incorporating residues Abstract 27.1: Introduction 27.2: Clinker Production: Process, and Alternative Fuels and Raw Materials 27.3: From Clinker to Cement: Residues in Blended Cements 27.4: Alternative Cements With Lower Environmental Footprint 27.5: Conclusions and Outlook References Chapter 28: Glass Abstract 28.1: Introduction 28.2: Types of Glass 28.3: Manufacturing 28.4: Recovery for Reuse and Recycling 28.5: Reuse 28.6: Closed-Loop Recycling 28.7: Open-Loop Recycling 28.8: Conclusion and Outlook References Chapter 29: Lumber Abstract 29.1: Introduction 29.2: Wood Material Uses 29.3: Postuse Wood Recovery for Recycling 29.4: Postuse Wood Recycling 29.5: Case Study Scenarios 29.6: Future Developments 29.7: Concluding Remarks References Chapter 30: Paper Abstract 30.1: Introduction 30.2: Collection and Utilization 30.3: Collection and Sorting Systems 30.4: Stock Preparation 30.5: Key Issues and Future Challenges References Further Reading Chapter 31: Plastic recycling Abstract 31.1: Introduction 31.2: Use 31.3: Recycling 31.4: Mechanical Recycling 31.5: Chemical Recycling 31.6: Impact of Recycling 31.7: Conclusions and Outlook References Further Reading Chapter 32: Black rubber products Abstract 32.1: Introduction 32.2: Mechanical Rubber Go

Note: Long problems -- Why long problems are hard to govern -- Forward action : addressing the early action paradox -- The long view : addressing shadow interests -- Endurance and adaptability : addressing institutional lag -- Studying long problems -- Governing time.

Note: Contents: 1 Introduction: inequality and the environment 1 Michael A. Long, Michael J. Lynch, and Paul B. Stretesky PART I THEORETICAL TRADITIONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL INEQUALITY 2 Treadmill of production 11 Amalia Leguizamón 3 Substantive inequality and the alienated metabolism of the capital system 28 Brett Clark, John Bellamy Foster, and Daniel Auerbach 4 Ecologically unequal exchange 44 Kelly F. Austin 5 Social inequalities, environmental crises, and the STIRPAT model 59 Patrick Trent Greiner, Julius Alexander McGee, and Richard York 6 Environmental justice 71 David N. Pellow 7 Money, value, and entropy 86 Alf Hornborg PART II RIGHTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL INEQUALITY 8 Greenwashed relations of genocide 103 Martin Crook and Damien Short 9 Environmental inequality and rights of nature among Indigenous Peoples in North America 125 Julie Schweitzer, Olivia M. Fleming, and Tamara L. Mix 10 Nonhuman Animal rights 147 Corey L. Wrenn PART III RACE/ETHNICITY, INDIGENOUS PEOPLES, AND ENVIRONMENTAL INEQUALITY 11 Race and environmental inequality 162 Md Belal Hossain 12 Environmental inequality in West Africa 181 Jessie K. Luna and Gabin Korbeogo 13 Energy development and sociocultural inequality among First Nation Peoples 200 Duane A. Gill and Liesel A. Ritchie PART IV GENDER AND ENVIRONMENTAL INEQUALITY 14 Gender and environmental inequality 225 Laura A. McKinney and Devin Wright 15 Gender and nonhuman animals 243 Amy Fitzgerald and Nik Taylor 16 Gender, large-scale resource extraction, and environmental inequality in Latin America 262 Inge A.M. Boudewijn and Katy Jenkins PART V THE ECONOMY AND ENVIRONMENTAL INEQUALITY 17 Organizational political economy, corporate power, and the great acceleration of environmental pollution in the United States 285 Harland Prechel 18 Inequality, emissions, and human well-being 305 Jennifer E. Givens, Orla M. Kelly, and Andrew K. Jorgenson 19 Working time, inequality, and sustainability 322 Jared B. Fitzgerald and Juliet Schor PART VI THE STATE AND ENVIRONMENTAL INEQUALITY 20 Democracy and environmental inequality 343 Liam Downey and Brigid Mark 21 Environmental criminal enforcement and environmental justice in the United States 362 Joshua Ozymy and Melissa Jarrell Ozymy 22 Non-criminal enforcement and environmental inequality in the United States 380 Tara O’Connor Shelley and Anne E. Egelston 23 Incarceration and environmental inequality 402 Maggie Leόn-Corwin, Jericho R. McElroy, and Michelle L. Estes 24 Grassland conservation and environmental inequality in Inner Mongolia, China 425 KuoRay Mao, Qian Zhang, and Micaela Truslove PART VII CLIMATE AND INEQUALITY 25 Climate change governance, environment, and inequality in Latin America 446 Ruth E. McKie 26 Social theory and climate change in the interregnum 460 Robert J. Antonio 27 Hurricanes, floods, and environmental inequality 486 Jayajit Chakraborty, Timothy W. Collins, Aaron B. Flores, and Sara E. Grineski PART VIII NATURAL RESOURCES AND INEQUALITY 28 Coal and environmental inequality 502 Ryan Wishart and Pierce Greenberg 29 Hydraulic fracturing and environmental inequality 527 Stephanie A. Malin, Adam Mayer, and Shawn Hazboun 30 Uranium mining, environmental inequality, and Native American health 551 Averi R. Fegadel PART IX FOOD INSECURITY, INJUSTICE, AND INEQUALITY 31 Food insecurity, inequality, and the environment 570 Stephen J. Scanlan 32 Food insecurity and inequality among young people in the United States 597 Lara Gonçalves Index

Note: 1 Introduction: the geopolitics of the energy transition 1 Daniel Scholten PART I ENERGY GEOPOLITICS AND THE ENERGY TRANSITION 2 Geopolitics, geoeconomics and energy security in an age of transition towards renewables 20 David Criekemans 3 Energy systems – making energy services available 44 Aad Correljé 4 The political history of fossil fuels: coal, oil, and natural gas in global perspective 67 Per Högselius 5 The facts and figures of the energy transition 84 Dolf Gielen and Francisco Boshell 6 US–China rivalry and its impact on the energy transformation: difficult cooperation fraught with dilemmas 107 Jacopo Maria Pepe, Julian Grinschgl, and Kirsten Westphal PART II TWO STEPS FORWARD, ONE STEP BACK: THE GEOPOLITICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE ENERGY TRANSITION 7 Transition to renewable energy and the reshaping of consumer–producer power relations 125 Kamila Pronińska 8 The geopolitics of energy transportation and carriers: from fossil fuels to electricity and hydrogen 141 Karen Smith Stegen, Julia Kusznir, and Cäcilia Riederer 9 Industrial competition – who is winning the renewable energy race? 158 Thomas Sattich and Stella Huang 10 Barrels, booms, and busts: the future of petrostates in a decarbonizing world 183 Thijs Van de Graaf 11 Critical materials – new dependencies and resource curse? 197 Emmanuel Hache, Gondia Sokhna Seck, Fernanda Guedes, and Charlene Barnet 12 Changing energy systems and markets from the ground up – citizens, cooperatives and cities 217 Colin Nolden 13 Exploring the geopolitical impacts of energy justice: an interdisciplinary research agenda 232 Christine Milchram and Morena Skalamera 14 The politics of sustainability: energy efficiency, carbon pricing, and the circular economy 247 Michaël Aklin and Patrick Bayer PART III NEW TECHNOLOGIES, NEW INTERDEPENDENCIES 15 Solar powers – renewables and sustainable development around the world or geostrategic competition? 264 Thomas Sattich, Stephen Agyare, and Oluf Langhelle 16 Wind energy – experiences with onshore and offshore projects 282 Yaroslava Marusyk 17 A new life for old giants: hydropower and geothermal 300 Victor R. Vasquez 18 The potential of biomass 334 Joana Portugal-Pereira, Francielle Carvalho, Régis Rathmann, Alexandre Szklo, Pedro Rochedo, and Roberto Schaeffer 19 Hydrogen as carbon-free energy carrier and commodity 351 Ad van Wijk 20 A new hope for nuclear? 372 Elina Brutschin PART IV RECALIBRATING ENERGY, INDUSTRY, FOREIGN, AND SECURITY POLICY 21 US defense strategy: forging an industrial orientation towards energy security and foreign policy 388 Amy Myers Jaffe 22 The EU’s external energy governance in the age of the energy transition 404 Marco Giuli and Sebastian Oberthür 23 China and the geopolitics of the energy transition 420 Duncan Freeman 24 The India story: ensuring energy access, security, justice, and sustainability for a fifth of humanity 431 Shuva Raha, Nandini Harihar, and Tulika Gupta 25 Energy transition dynamics in Southeast Asia 449 Muhamad Izham Abd Shukor, Nurjuanis Zara Zainuddin, and Noor Miza Razali 26 A renewable power in waiting? Australia’s changing energy geopolitics 468 Christian Downie 27 The global energy transition and Russian structural power: scenarios and strategic options 483 Filippos Proedrou 28 Geopolitical challenges of renewable energy adoption in MENA 498 Emre Hatipoglu, Aisha Al-Sarihi, and Brian Efird 29 Energy transformation and energy challenges in sub-Saharan African countries: a new paradigm for the 21st century? 513 Gondia Sokhna Seck, Emmanuel Hache, Edi Assoumou, and Rebecca Martin 30 Renewable energies in Latin America: resources, public policies, and geopolitics 535 Gonzalo Escribano, Lara Lázaro, and Eva Pardo Index 551

Note: Contents: 1 Introduction to the Handbook on Critical Political Economy and Public Policy 1 Christoph Scherrer, Ana Garcia and Joscha Wullweber PART I THEORIES OF POLITICAL ECONOMY WITH PUBLIC POLICY IMPLICATIONS 2 Plurality of political economy approaches to the global division of labor 20 Christoph Scherrer 3 The cultural political economy approach to public policy 36 Bob Jessop and Ngai-Ling Sum 4 Institutionalist, regulationist and dependency approaches to transition countries’ economic policies 49 Joachim Becker 5 COVID-19 and the gender dilemma: blind spots in both macroeconomics and feminist economics 65 Brigitte Young 6 Ordoliberalism’s advice for economic policymaking 80 Pavlos Roufos 7 What is neoliberal about new public management? 95 Sahil Jai Dutta, Samuel Knafo and Ian Lovering PART II METHODS 8 Historical-materialist policy analysis of climate change policies 110 Etienne Schneider, Alina Brad, Ulrich Brand, Mathias Krams and Valerie Lenikus 9 Beyond methodological Fordism: the case for incorporated comparisons 127 Alexander Gallas PART III ENVIRONMENT 10 Land grabbing, financialization and dispossession in the 21st century: new and old forms of land control in Latin America 144 Karina Kato and Sergio Leite 11 Extractive economies and public policies: critical perspectives from Latin America 159 Bruno Milanez and Ana Garcia 12 Ecological perspectives on sustainability in China 176 Lau Kin Chi 13 Looking south: megaprojects, borders and (in)mobilities 186 Ana Esther Ceceña and Sergio Prieto Díaz PART IV FINANCE 14 Challenges for monetary policies in the 21st century: financial crises and shadow banking 204 Joscha Wullweber 15 Governance of the eurozone in the face of transnational crises dynamics 219 Hans-Jürgen Bieling 16 Chinese capitalism and the global economic order: the impact of China’s rise on global economic regulation 232 Jenny Simon 17 Taming dollarization hysteresis: evidence from post-socialist countries 247 Ia Eradze PART V LABOUR 18 Global exploitation chains in agriculture 262 Praveen Jha and Paris Yeros 19 The development of labor policies in China: from passive revolution to eroding hegemony 279 Elaine Sio-ieng Hui 20 The political economy of minimum wage policies 293 Hansjörg Herr 21 Just transitions: a historical relations analysis 310 Dimitris Stevis PART VI TAXATION 22 Critical political economy of taxation 327 Hanna Lierse 23 Global tax governance 341 Matti Ylönen and Lauri Finér 24 Globalization, international tax policy and the OECD 356 Lyne Latulippe PART VII TRADE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 25 Postcolonial critique of economic development 374 Aram Ziai 26 Economic cycles and rural policies in the People’s Republic of China 387 Sit Tsui, Yan Xiaohui, He Zhixiong and Wen Tiejun 27 Trade and investment agreements from a critical international political economy perspective 402 Luciana Ghiotto 28 South Africa’s failed privatization, commercialization and deregulation of network infrastructure 413 Greg Ruiters and Patrick Bond PART VIII WELFARE 29 Care in global value chains 430 Christa Wichterich 30 The cultural political economy of housing policy in the era of the Islamist Justice and Development Party in Turkey 446 Ismail Doga Karatepe 31 The financialization of social policy: an overview 461 Lena Lavinas, Lucas Bressan, Pedro Rubin and Ana Carolina Cordilha 32 The political economy of global health and public policies 476 Jameson Martins and Deisy de Freitas Lima Ventura Index

Note: Part I. The Long View: The case for longtermism -- You can shape the course of history -- Part II. Trajectory Changes: Moral change -- Value lock-in -- Part III. Safeguarding Civilisation: Extinction -- Collapse -- Stagnation -- Part IV. Assessing the End of the World: Is it good to make happy people? -- Will the future be good or bad? -- Part V. Taking Action: What to do

Note: Contents: 1 Introduction ; I Continuous predictors ; 2 Continuous predictors: Linear ; 3 Continuous predictors: Polynomials ; 4 Continuous predictors: Piecewise models ; 5 Continuous by continuous interactions ; 6 Continuous by continuous by continuous interactions ; II Categorical predictors ; 7 Categorical predictors ; 8 Categorical by categorical interactions ; 9 Categorical by categorical by categorical interactions ; III Continuous and categorical predictors ; 10 Linear by categorical interactions ; 11 Polynomial by categorical interactions ; 12 Piecewise by categorical interactions ; 13 Continuous by continuous by categorical interactions ; 14 Continuous by categorical by categorical interactions ; IV Beyond ordinary linear regression ; 15 Multilevel models ; 16 Time as a continuous predictor ; 17 Time as a categorical predictor ; 18 Nonlinear models ; 19 Complex survey data ; V Appendices ; A Customizing output from estimation commands ; B The margins command ; C The marginsplot command ; D The contrast command ; E The pwcompare command ; References

Note: 1 Introducing loss and damage 1 Meinhard Doelle and Sara L Seck PART I FRAMEWORKS 2 Equity considerations in loss and damage 18 Nathalie J. Chalifour 3 The sacrifice zones of carbon capitalism: race, expendability, and loss and damage 43 Carmen G. Gonzalez 4 Measuring the immeasurable: loss and damage from climate change in international law 60 Usha Natarajan PART II PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW 5 Loss and damage under the Convention 75 Linda Siegele 6 Loss and damage under the Paris Agreement 100 Linda Siegele 7 Arrested development: the late and inequitable integration of loss and damage finance into the UNFCCC 127 Patricia Galvão Ferreira 8 Against the headwind: innovative sources of loss and damage finance 149 Patricia Galvão Ferreira 9 State responsibility for damages associated with climate change 166 Christina Voigt 10 Valuation of climate change loss and damage 184 Cymie R Payne 11 A rights-based approach to loss and damage due to climate change 201 Katherine Lofts, Sébastien Jodoin and Larissa Parker 12 Indigenous peoples, climate change loss and damage, and the responsibilities of states 223 Kyle Powys Whyte 13 Loss and damage, climate displacement and international law: addressing the protection gap 244 Sumudu Atapattu 14 Loss and damage, disaster law, and climate change 266 Anastasia Telesetsky 15 Solar radiation modification and loss & damage: mapping interactions between climate responses 286 Neil Craik PART III DOMESTIC, TRANSNATIONAL AND PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW 16 Atmospheric recovery litigation around the world: gaining natural resource damages against carbon majors to fund a sky cleanup for climate restoration 303 Mary Christina Wood 17 Loss and damage in European litigation 331 Roda Verheyen and Johannes Franke 18 Towards a civil liability regime for climate-related loss and damage 349 Sharon Mascher 19 Think globally, sue locally: challenges and opportunities in international climate litigation in domestic courts 368 Andrew Gage 20 Carbon major companies and liability for loss and damage 390 Lisa Benjamin 21 Class actions and climate change loss and damage litigation 409 C. Cameron and R. Weyman PART IV CONCLUSIONS 22 Pathways and prospects for loss & damage and climate justice 433 Sara L Seck and Meinhard Doelle Index

Note: Contents 1 Slow Viscous Flow 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Coordinate Systems and the Material Derivative 1.2.1 Eulerian and Lagrangian Coordinates 1.2.2 The Material Derivative 1.3 Mass Conservation 1.4 The Stress Tensor and Momentum Conservation 1.4.1 The Stress Tensor 1.4.2 Momentum Conservation 1.4.3 Rheology 1.4.4 The Navier-Stokes Equations 1.4.5 Stokes Flow 1.5 Boundary Conditions 1.5.1 The No-Slip Condition and the Sliding Law 1.5.2 Dynamic Boundary Conditions 1.5.3 Kinematic Boundary Conditions 1.6 Temperature and Energy Conservation 1.7 Glacier and Ice Sheet Flow 1.8 Examples 1.8.1 Uniform Flow on a Slope 1.8.2 Spreading Flow at an Ice Divide 1.8.3 Small-Amplitude Perturbations 1.9 The Shallow Ice Approximation 1.10 Conclusions and Outlook 1.11 Appendix: Non-dimensionalisation Exercises 2 Thermal Structure 2.1 Temperature Profiles 2.2 Boundary Conditions 2.2.1 The Thermal Near-Surface Wave 2.3 Models: Simple to Complicated 2.4 Basal Conditions 2.4.1 Polythermal Ice 2.5 Modelling Issues 2.5.1 Non-dimensionalisation 2.5.2 Thermomechanical Coupling 2.5.3 Thermal Runaway Exercises 3 Sliding, Drainage and Subglacial Geomorphology 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Sliding Over Hard Beds 3.2.1 Weertman Sliding 3.2.2 Nye-Kamb Theory 3.2.3 Sub-temperate Sliding 3.2.4 Nonlinear Sliding Laws 3.2.5 Cavitation 3.2.6 Comparison with Experiment 3.3 Subglacial Drainage Theory 3.3.1 Weertman Films 3.3.2 Röthlisberger Channels (or ‘R-Channels’) 3.3.3 Jökulhlaups 3.3.4 Subglacial Lakes 3.3.5 Linked Cavities 3.3.6 Drainage Transitions and Glacier Surges 3.3.7 Ongoing Developments 3.4 Basal Processes and Geomorphology 3.4.1 Soft Glacier Beds 3.4.2 Drainage Over Till 3.4.3 Geomorphological Processes Exercises 4 Tidewater Glaciers 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Calving 4.3 Tidewater Glacier Dynamics 4.3.1 Tidewater Glacier Retreat and Instability 4.3.2 Tidewater Glacier Advance 4.3.3 Flow Variability of Tidewater Glaciers 4.4 The Link to Climate: Triggers for Retreat 4.4.1 Ice Shelf Collapse and Backstress 4.4.2 Grounded Calving Fronts 4.5 Outlook 5 Interaction of Ice Shelves with the Ocean 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Impact of Melting Ice on the Ocean 5.3 Processes at the Ice-Ocean Interface 5.4 Buoyancy-Driven Flow on Geophysical Scales 5.5 Sensitivity to Ocean Temperature 5.6 Impact of Meltwater Outflow at the Grounding Line 5.7 Fundamentals of the Three-Dimensional Ocean Circulation 5.8 Some Properties and Limitations of the Geostrophic Equations 5.9 Effects of Stratification 5.10 Three-Dimensional Circulation in Sub-Ice-Shelf Cavities Exercises 6 Polar Meteorology 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Shortwave and Longwave Radiation 6.3 Radiation Climate at the Top of the Atmosphere 6.4 Large Scale Circulation 6.5 Surface Energy Balance 6.5.1 Shortwave Radiation 6.5.2 Surface Albedo 6.5.3 Longwave Radiation 6.5.4 Turbulent Fluxes 6.6 Temperature Inversion and Katabatic Winds 6.6.1 Surface Temperature Inversion and Deficit 6.6.2 Katabatic Winds 6.7 Precipitation 6.8 Notes and References Exercises 7 Mass Balance 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Definitions 7.3 Methods 7.3.1 In Situ Observations 7.3.2 Satellite/Airborne Altimetry 7.3.3 Satellite Gravimetry 7.3.4 Mass Budget Method 7.4 Valley Glaciers and Ice Caps 7.4.1 In Situ Observations 7.4.2 Modelling 7.4.3 Dynamical Response 7.4.4 Remote Sensing 7.5 Antarctic Ice Sheet 7.5.1 Spatial SSMB Variability 7.5.2 Blue Ice Areas 7.5.3 Temporal SSMB Variability 7.6 Greenland Ice Sheet 7.6.1 Spatial SSMB Variability 7.6.2 Temporal SSMB Variability 7.6.3 Role of the Liquid Water Balance 8 Numerical Modelling of Ice Sheets, Streams, and Shelves 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Ice Flow Equations 8.2.1 The Shallow Ice Approximation 8.2.2 Analogy with the Heat Equation 8.3 Finite Difference Numerics 8.3.1 Explicit Scheme for the Heat Equation 8.3.2 A First Implemented Scheme 8.3.3 Stability Criteria and Adaptive Time Stepping 8.3.4 Implicit Schemes 8.3.5 Numerical Solution of Diffusion Equations 8.4 Numerically Solving the SIA 8.5 Exact Solutions and Verification 8.5.1 Exact Solution of the Heat Equation 8.5.2 Halfar’s Exact Similarity Solution to the SIA 8.5.3 Using Halfar’s Solution 8.5.4 A Test of Robustness 8.6 Applying Our Numerical Ice Sheet Model 8.7 Shelves and Streams 8.7.1 The Shallow Shelf Approximation (SSA) 8.7.2 Numerical Solution of the SSA 8.7.3 Numerics of the Linear Boundary Value Problem 8.7.4 Solving the Stress Balance for an Ice Shelf 8.7.5 Realistic Ice Shelf Modelling 8.8 A Summary of Numerical Ice Flow Modelling 8.9 Notes Exercises 9 Least-Squares Data Inversion in Glaciology 9.1 Preamble 9.2 Introduction 9.3 The Roots of GPS in Glaciology 9.4 Introduction to GPS 9.4.1 History 9.4.2 Coarse Acquisition (C/A) Code 9.5 The Equations of Pseudorange 9.6 Least-Squares Solution of an Overdetermined System of Linear Equations 9.7 Observational Techniques to Improve GPS Accuracy 9.7.1 The Ionosphere-Free Combination 9.7.2 Carrier-Phase Determined Range and Integer Wavelength Ambiguity 9.7.3 Resolving Range Ambiguity by Phase Tracking 9.7.4 Differential GPS Exercises 10 Analytical Models of Ice Sheets and Ice Shelves 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Perfectly-Plastic Ice Sheet Model 10.3 The Height–Mass Balance Feedback 10.4 Ice-Sheet Profile for Plane Shear with Glen’s Law 10.5 Ice Shelves Exercise 11 Firn 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Firn Densification 11.2.1 Mechanisms of Firn Densification 11.2.2 Firn Densification Models 11.2.3 Firn Layering and Microstructure 11.3 Applications of Firn Models 11.3.1 Ice Sheet Surface Mass Balance from Altimetry 11.3.2 Delta Age Calculations in Deep Ice Cores 11.4 Summary and Conclusions 12 Ice Cores: Archive of the Climate System 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Dating Ice Cores 12.3 Stable Water Isotopes 12.3.1 Basics and Nomenclature 12.3.2 The Isotope Proxy Thermometer 12.3.3 Examples of Isotope Records 12.3.4 Isotope Diffusion in Firn and Ice 12.3.5 Diffusion Thermometry 12.4 Aerosols in Ice 12.4.1 Introduction and Origin of Aerosols in Ice 12.4.2 Aerosol Sources and Transport 12.4.3 Post-depositional Modification 12.4.4 Seasonal Cycles in Aerosol and Particle Constituents in Ice 12.4.5 The Volcanic Signal in Ice and Its Use for Chronological Control 12.4.6 Marine Biogenic MSA and Sea Salt as Sea-Ice Proxies 12.4.7 The Record of Anthropogenic Pollution 12.4.8 Long Aerosol Records from Greenland and Antarctica 12.4.9 Electrical Properties of Ice and Their Relationship to Chemistry 12.5 Gases Enclosed in Ice 12.5.1 Firn Gas and Gas Occlusion 12.5.2 Trace Gases 12.6 Timing of Climate Events Exercises 13 Satellite Remote Sensing of Glaciers and Ice Sheets 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Optical Sensors and Applications 13.2.1 Sensors and Satellites 13.2.2 Applications 13.3 SAR Methods and Applications 13.3.1 Radar Signal Interaction with Snow and Ice 13.3.2 SAR Sensor and Image Characteristics 13.3.3 InSAR Measurement Principles and Applications 13.4 Satellite Altimetry 13.4.1 Altimetry Missions 13.4.2 Measuring Elevation Change 14 Geophysics 14.1 Geophysical Methods: Overview 14.2 Passive Methods 14.2.1 Gravimetry 14.2.2 Magnetics 14.2.3 Seismology 14.3 Active Methods: Basics 14.3.1 Propagation Properties and Reflection Origin 14.3.2 Seismic System Set-Up 14.3.3 Radar System Set-Up 14.4 Data Acquisition and Processing 14.5 Seismic Applications in Ice 14.5.1 Ice Thickness and Basal Topography 14.5.2 Subglacial Structure and Properties 14.5.3 Rheological and Other Englacial Properties 14.6 Radar Applications in Ice 14.6.1 Internal Layer Architecture and Ice Dynamics 14.6.2 Subglacial Conditions 14.6.3 Englacial Conditions 14.7 Notes and References 14.7.1 Further Reading 14.7.2 Gravimetry 14.7.3 General Wave Equation and Solution 14.7.4 Seismic Waves 14.7.5 Electromagnetic Waves Exercises 15 Glacial Isostatic Adjustment 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Earth Response to Loading 15.2.1 Rheology of the Earth 15.2.2 Building an Earth Model 15.2.3 Earth Models Used in Glaciology and Glacial Isostatic Adjustment 15.3 The Cryosphere and Sea Level 15.3.1 Factors Affecting Sea-Level Change 15.3.2 Eu

Note: Contents: Part 1 - Introduction ; 1 The argument in brief ; Part 2 - The origins of behavioral contagion ; 2 How context shapes perception ; 3 The impulse to conform ; Part 3 -Cases ; 4 It was, until it wasn't: The dynamics of behavioral contagion ; 5 The sexual revolution revisited ; 6 Trust ; 7 Smoking, eating, and drinking ; 8 Expenditure cascades ; 9 The climate crisis ; Part 4 - Policy ; 10 Should regulators ignore behavioral contagion? ; 11 Creating more supportive environments ; 12 The mother of all cognitive illusions ; 13 Ask, don't tell ; Epilogue

Note: Complexity of life and its dependence on the environment , Biological extinction and climate change , Sustaining life : human health-planetary health linkages , How do our actions undermine nature? , Climate change, air pollution and health : common sources, similar impacts and common solutions , Air pollution : adverse effects and disease burden , Air pollution, oxidative stress and public health in the anthropocene , Cllimate change, air pollution and the environment : the health argument , Reducing air pollution : avoidable health burden , Vulnerable populations and regions : Middle East as a case study , Climate change risks for agriculture, health and nutrition , Sustaining water resources , Health, air pollution and forest fires in the Amazon , Psychological impacts of climate change and recommendations , Air pollution and cardiovascular disease : a proven causality , Healthy people, healthy planet : holistic thinking , Climate change, public health, social peace , Climate justice and public health : practical ethics in urgent times , Health of the people, health of the planet, health of the migrants , Faith in god and the health of people , Caring for creation – the evangelical’s guide , Call to action from faith leaders , Public health co-benefits of greenhouse gas emissions reduction , Good health in the anthropocene epoch : potentials for transformative solutions , Well under 2 degrees celsius : ten solutions for carbon neutrality and climate stability , Defeating energy poverty : invest In scalable solutions for the poor , Sensor-enabled climate financing for clean cooking , Research is vital to tackling climate change, but it cannot succeed alone , Governor of California , United States congressman , Challenges and opportunities for a sustainable planet , Sustainable development goals and health : call for cultural revolution , A call to action by health care professionals

Note: Contents: 1. Introduction ; 2. Data ; 3. Methods ; 4. Floods and droughts ; 5. Heatwaves and cold spells ; 6. Hurricanes and other storms ; Appendix A. Climate measurements ; Appendix B. Natural climate archives ; Appendix C. Physical climate models ; Appendix D. Statistical inference ; Appendix E. Numerical techniques ; Appendix F. Data and software ; Appendix G. List of symbols and abbreviations

Note: Contents: 1. How this book came about, what it is, and what it is not ; 2. Defining the challenge ; 3. Science and society ; 4. Transdisciplinary pro and contra ; 5. The importance of a long-term perspective ; 6. Looking forward into the future ; 7. The complex (adaptive) systems approach ; 8. Human socio-environmental coevolution ; 9. Social systems as dissipative flow structures ; 10. Solutions always cause problems ; 11. Transitions in the organization of societies ; 12. Novelty, invention, change ; 13. The invention process and its implications for societal information processing ; 14. Modeling socio-environmental transitions ; 15. Rise of the West as a global flow structure ; 16. Are we reaching a global societal tipping point? ; 17. Not an ordinary tipping point ; 18. Our fragmenting world ; 19. Is there a way out? ; 20. Green growth ; 21. Conclusion.

Note: Contents: Chapter 1. Introduction ; Chapter 2. When New Policies Fail to Create a New Politics ; Chapter 3. An Institutional History of Electricity Politics and Climate Inaction ; Chapter 4. Policy Feedback: Networked and Influential Advocates Use the Public to Drive Clean Energy Leadership in Texas ; Chapter 5. A Direct Line to Legislators and Regulators: Fossil Fuel Corporations and the Limitations of Texas's Renewable Energy Laws ; Chapter 6. Retrenchment by a Thousand Cuts: Fossil Fuel Opponents Drive Polarization on Clean Energy in Kansas ; Chapter 7. Regulatory Capture: Electric Utilities Retrench Arizona's Net Metering Laws ; Chapter 8. When the Fog of Enactment Lifts: Late Action brings Rapid Retrenchment of Ohio's Renewable Energy Laws ; Chapter 9. Conclusion ; References ; Appendix:List of Interviews

Note: The calm before the storm -- Things come apart -- Deaths of despair -- The lives and deaths of the more (and less) educated -- Black and white deaths -- The condition of the living -- The misery and mystery of pain -- Suicide, drugs, and alcohol -- Opioids -- False trails : poverty, income, and the Great Recession -- Growing apart at work -- Widening gaps at home -- How American healthcare is undermining lives -- Capitalism, immigrants, robots, and China -- Firms, consumers, and workers -- What to do?

Note: Beiträge in Deutsch und Englisch

Note: Contents: Part I: Departure ; 1. Introduction ; 2. Terminology and Literature Review: Climate Change, Adaptation, Migration ; 3. Theoretical Framework ; 4. Research Design: Grounded Theory Driven Multi-Level System Analysis Based on Two Cases ; 5. Methods ; Part II: Unsettling Settlements ; 6. Case Study 1: Southwestern Bangladesh - Migration as Adaptation to Rapid Onset Disasters ; 7. Case Study 2: Migration in the Marshall Islands as a Response to Sea Level Rise and related Crop Failure ; Part III: Settling Unsettlements ; 8. Conclusions: Risk Exchange through Migration ; 9 Recommendations for Adressing Climate Migration ; Part IV: Arrival ; 10. Outlook: Migration as Adaptation in this Century ; 11. Epilogue: Tales of Hope ; 12. "It takes a village to raise a child" (Acknowledgements) ; 13. Bibliography ; 14. Annex

Note: Contents: Introduction: Analyzing Qualitative Data with Software ; Getting to Know the Interface of MAXQDA ; Setting Up a Project and Importing Data ; Transcribing Audio and Video Recordings ; Exploring the Data ; Coding Text and PDF Files ; Coding Video Data, Audio Data, and Images ; Building a Coding Frame ; Working with Coded Segments and Memos ; Adding Variables and Quantifying Codes ; Working with Paraphrases and Summaries, Creating Case Overviews ; Comparing Cases and Groups, Discovering Interrelations, and Using Visualizations ; Analyzing Mixed Methods Data ; Working with Bibliographic Information and Creating Literature Reviews ; Analyzing Focus Group Data ; Analyzing (Online) Survey Data with Closed and Open-Ended Questions ; MAXMaps: Creating Infographics and Concept Maps ; Collaborating in Teams ; Analyzing Intercoder Agreement ; Documenting and Archiving the Research Process

Note: Contents: 1 Religion: It's a market ; 2 What determines religiousness ; 3 Religion and economic growth ; 4 Islam and economic growth ; 5 State religion ; 6 Religious clubs, terrorist organizations, and Tibetan Buddhism ; 7 When saints come marching in ; 8 The wealth of religions

Note: Contents: 1 Trajectories: or common patterns of growth ; 2 Nature: or growth of living matter ; 3 Energies: or growth of primary and secondary converters ; 4 Artifacts: or growth of man-made objects an their performances ; 5 Populations, Societies, Economies: or growth of the most complex assemblies ; 6 What comes after growth: or demise and continuity ; Coda

Note: Contents: Introduction -- Answer -- Creating a technology -- Scientific origins -- US technology push -- Building a market -- Japanese niche markets -- German demand pull -- Making it cheap -- Chinese entrepreneurs -- Local learning -- Doing it again -- Solar as a model to follow -- Applying the model -- Accelerating innovation.

Note: Contents: Contributors. - Preface. - Acknowledgements. - PART I SETTING THE SCENE. - 1. Introduction: Why Sub-seasonal to Seasonal Prediction (S2S)? / Frédéric Vitart, Andrew W. Robertson. - 1 History of Numerical Weather and Climate Forecasting. - 2 Sub-seasonal to Seasonal Forecasting. - 3 Recent National and International Efforts on Sub-seasonal to Seasonal Prediction. - 4 Structure of This Book. - 2. Weather Forecasting: What Sets the Forecast Skill Horizon? / Zoltan Toth, Roberto Buizza. - 1 Introduction. - 2 The Basics of Numerical Weather Prediction. - 3 The Evolution of NWP Technique. - 4 Enhancement of Predictable signals. - 5 Ensemble Techniques: Brief Introduction. - 6 Expanding the forecast skill Horizon. - 7 Concludmg Remarks: Lessons for S2S Forecasting. - Acknowledgements. - 3. Weather Within Climate: Sub-seasonal Predictability of Tropical Daily Rainfall Characteristics / Vincent Moron, Andrew W. Robertson, Lei Wang. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Data and Methods. - 3 Results. - 4 Discussion and Concluding Remarks. - 4. Identifying Wave Processes Associated With Predictability Across Time Scales: An Empirical Normal Mode Approach / Gilbert Brunet, John Methven. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Partitioning Atmospheric Behavior Using Its Conservation Properties. - 3 The ENM Approach to Observed Data and Models and Its Relevance to S2S Dynamics and Predictability. - 4 Conclusion. - Acknowledgments. - PART II SOURCES OF S2S PREDICTABILITY. - 5. The Madden-Julian Oscillation / Steven J. Woolnough. - 1 Introduction. - 2 The Real-Time Multivariate MJO Index. - 3 Observed MJO Structure. - 4 The Relationship Between the MJO and Tropical and Extratropical Weather. - 5 Theories and Mechanisms for MJO Initiation, Maintenance, and Propagation. - 6 The Representation of the MJO in Weather and Climate Models. - 7 MJO Prediction. - 8 Future Priorities for MJO Research for S2S Prediction. - Acknowledgments. - 6. Extratropical Sub-seasonal to Seasonal Oscillations and Multiple Regimes: The Dynamical Systems View / Michael Ghil, Andreas Groth, Dmitri Kondrashov, Andrew W. Robertson. - 1 Introduction and Motivation. - 2 Multiple Midlatitude Regimes and Low-Frequency Oscillations. - 3 Extratropical Oscillations in the S2S Band. - 4 Low-Order, Data-Driven Modeling, Dynamical Analysis, and Prediction. - 5 Concluding Remarks. - Acknowledgments. - 7. Tropical-Extratropical Interactions and Teleconnections / Hai Lin, Jorgen Frederiksen, David Straus, Christiana Stan. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Tropical Influence on the Extratropical Atmosphere. - 3 Extratropical Influence on the Tropics. - 4 Tropical-Extratropical, Two-Way Interactions. - 5 Summary and Discussion. - Appendix. Technical Matters Relating to Section 4.2. - 8. Land Surface Processes Relevant to Sub-seasonal to Seasonal (S2S) Prediction / Paul A. Dirmeyer, Pierre Gentine, Michael B. Ek, Gianpaolo Balsamo. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Process of Land-Atmosphere Interaction. - 3 A Brief History of Land-Surface Models. - 4 Predictability and Prediction. - 5 Improving Land-Driven Prediction. - 9. Midlatitude Mesoscale Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction and Its Relevance to S2S Prediction / R. Saravanan, P. Chang. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Data and Models. - 3 Mesoscale Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer. - 4 Local Tropospheric Response. - 5 Remote Tropospheric Response. - 6 Impact on Ocean Circulation. - 7 Implications for S2S Prediction. - 8 Summary and Conclusions. - Acknowledgments. - 10. The Role of Sea Ice in Sub-seasonal Predictability / Matthieu Chevallier, François Massonnet, Helge Goessling, Virginie Guémas, Thomas Jung. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Sea Ice in the Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean System. - 3 Sea Ice Distribution, Seasonality, and Variability. - 4 Sources of Sea Ice Predictability at the Sub-seasonal to Seasonal Timescale. - 5 Sea Ice Sub-seasonal to Seasonal - Predictability and Prediction Skill in Models. - 6 Impact of Sea Ice on Sub-seasonal Predictability. - 7 Concluding Remarks. - Acknowledgments. - 11. Sub-seasonal Predictability and the Stratosphere / Amy Butler, Andrew Charlton-Perez, Daniela I. V. Domeisen, Chaim Garfinkel, Edwin P. Gerber, Peter Hitchcock, Alexey Yu. Karpechko, Amanda C. Maycock, Michael Sigmond, Isla Simpson, Seok-Woo Son. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Stratosphere-Troposphere Coup ling in the Tropics. - 3 Stratosphere-Troposphere Coupling in the Extratropics. - 4 Predictability Related to Extratropical Stratosphere-Troposphere Coupling. - 5 Summary and Outlook. - PART Ill S2S MODELING AND FORECASTING. - 12. Forecast System Design, Configuration, and Complexity / Yuhei Takaya. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Requirements and Constraints of the Operational Sub-seasonal Forecast. - 3 Effect of Ensemble Size and Lagged Ensemble. - 4 Real-Time Forecast Configuration. - 5 Reforecast Configuration. - 6 Summary and Concluding Remarks. - Acknowledgments. - 13. Ensemble Generation: The TIGGE and S2S Ensembles / Roberto Buizza. - 1 Global Sub-seasonal and Seasonal Prediction Is an Initial Value Problem. - 2 Ensembles Provide More Complete and Valuable Information Than Single States. - 3 A Brief Introduction to Data Assimilation. - 4 A Brief Introduction to Model Uncertainty Simulation. - 5 An Overview of Operational, Global, Sub-seasonal, and Seasonal Ensembles, and Their Initialization and Generation Methods. - 6 Ensembles: Considerations About Their Future. - 7 Summary and Key Lessons. - 14. GCMs With Full Representation of Cloud Microphysics and Their MJO Simulations / In-Sik Kang, Min-Seop Ahn, Hiroaki Miura, Aneesh Subramanian. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Global CRM. - 3 Superparameterized GCM. - 4 GCM With Full Representation of Cloud Microphysics and Scale-Adaptive Convection. - 5 Summary and Conclusion. - Acknowledgments. - 15. Forecast Recalibration and Multimodel Combination / Stefan Siegert, David B. Stephenson. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Statistical Methods for Forecast Recalibration. - 3 Regression Methods. - 4 Forecast Combination. - 5 Concluding Remarks. - Acknowledgments. - 16. Forecast Verification for S2S Timescales / Caio A. S. Coelho, Barbara Brown, Laurie Wilson, Marion Mittermaier, Barbara Casati. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Factors Affecting the Design of Verification Studies. - 3 Observational References. - 4 Review of the Most Common Verification Measures. - 5 Types of S2S Forecasts and Current Verification Practices. - 6 Summary, Challenges, and Recommendations in S2S Verification. - PART IV S2S APPLICATIONS. - 17. Sub-seasonal to Seasonal Prediction of Weather Extremes / Frédérik Vitart, Christopher Cunningham, Michael Deflorio, Emanuel Dutra, Laura Ferranti, Brian Golding, Debra Hudson, Charles Jones, Christophe Lavaysse, Joanne Robbins, Michael K. Tippett. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Prediction of Large-Scale, Long-Lasting Extreme Events. - 3 Prediction of Mesoscale Events. - 4 Display and Verification of Sub-seasonal Forecasts of Extreme Events. - 5 Conclusions. - 18. Pilot Experiences in Using Seamless Forecasts for Early Action: The "Ready-Set-Go!" Approach in the Red Cross / Juan Bazo, Roop Singh, Mathieu Destrooper, Erin Coughlan de Perez. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Why Sub-seasonal?. - 3 Case Study: Peru El Niño. - 4 Reflections on the Use of S2S Forecasts. - 5 Conclusions. - 19. Communication and Dissemination of Forecasts and Engaging User Communities / Joanne Robbins, Christopher Cunningham, Rutger Dankers, Matthew Degennaro, Giovanni Dolif, Robyn Duell, Victor Marchezini, Brian Mills, Juan Pablo Sarmiento, Amber Silver, Rachel Trajber, Andrew Watkins. - 1 Introduction. - 2 Sector-Specific Methods and Practices in S2S Forecast Communication, Dissemination, and Engagement. - 3 Guiding principles for improved communication Practices. - 4 Summary and Recommendations for Future Research. - 20. Seamless Prediction of Monsoon Onset and Active/Break Phases / A.

Note: Contents: : 1: Climate Justice: Integrating Economics and Philosophy, Ravi Kanbur and Henry Shue ; 2: Poor People on the Front Line: The Impacts of Climate Change on Poverty in 2030, Julie Rozenberg and Stephane Hallegatte ; 3: Governing the Commons to Promote Global Justice: Climate Change Mitigation and Rent Taxation, Michael Jakob, Ottmar Edenhofer, Ulrike Kornek, Dominic Lenzi, and Jan Minx. ; 4: Equity Implications of the COP21 Intended Nationally Determined Contributions to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Adam Rose, Dan Wei, and Antonio Bento ; 5: Climate Change and Inequity: How to Think about Inequities in Different Dimensions, Nicole Hassoun and Anders Herlitz ; 6: Climate Change and Economic Self-Interest, Julie Nelson ; 7: Noncompliers' Duties, Anja Karnein ; 8: Divest-Invest: A Moral Case for Fossil Fuel Divestment, Alex Lenferna ; 9: Justice and Posterity, Simon Caney ; 10: Discounting and the Paradox of the Indefinitely Postponed Splurge, Matthew Rendall ; 11: The Controllability Precautionary Principle: Justification of a Climate Policy Goal under Uncertainty, Eugen Pissarskoi ; 12: The Social Cost of Carbon from Theory to Trump, Paul Kelleher ; 13: Long-term Climate Justice, John Nolt ; Appendix: Declaration on Climate Justice

Note: Introduction: networks and human behavior -- Power and influence: central positions in networks -- Diffusion and contagion -- Too connected to fail: financial networks -- Homophily: houses divided -- Immobility and inequality: network feedback and poverty traps -- The wisdom and folly of the crowd -- The influence of our friends and our local network structures -- Globalization: our changing networks.

Note: Contents: 1: Looking Foolish ; 2: The Demographics of Disaffiliation ; 3: Why They Say They Leave ; 4: The Night Before ; 5: Gaudium et spes, luctus et angor ; 6: The Morning After ; 7: Unto the Third and Fourth Generations ; Epilogue: Did the Council Fail?

Note: Contents: Introduction Partha Dasgupta and Peter Raven ; Prologue. Extinction: what it means to us Martin Rees ; 1. Extinction in deep time: lessons from the past? Neil Shubin ; 2. Biodiversity and global change: from creator to victim Timothy Lenton ; 3. The state of the world's biodiversity Stuart Pimm and Peter Raven ; 4. Extinction threats to life in the ocean and opportunities for their amelioration Jenna Sullivan, Vanessa Constant and Jane Lubchenco ; 5. Out of the soil: soil (dark matter biodiversity) and societal 'collapses' from Mesoamerica to the Mesopotamia and beyond Timothy Beach, Sheryl Luzzadder-Beach and Nicholas Dunning ; 6. The Green Revolution and crop biodiversity Prabhu Pingali ; 7. Population: the current state and future prospects John Bongaarts ; 8. Game over? Drivers of biological extinction in Africa Calestous Juma ; 9. Why we're in the sixth great extinction and what it means to humanity Partha Dasgupta and Paul Ehrlich ; 10. The consequences of biodiversity loss for human well-being Charles Perrings and Ann Kinzig ; 11. Terra incognita: in search of the disconnect Mathis Wackernagel ; 12. How do we stem biodiversity loss? Gretchen Daily and Stephen Polasky ; 13. Can smart villages help to stem biodiversity loss? Brian Heap, John Holmes and Bernie Jones ; 14. The new design condition: planetary urbanism + resource scarcity + climate change John Hoal.

Note: Contents: Introduction / Stephen Macedo -- Why trust science? : perspectives from the history and philosophy of science -- Science awry -- Coda: Values in science -- Comments. The epistemology of frozen peas : innocence, violence, and everyday trust in twentieth-century science / Susan Lindee ; What would reasons for trusting science be? / Marc Lange ; Pascal's wager reframed : toward trustworthy climate policy assessments for risk societies / Ottmar Edenhofer and Martin Kowarsch ; Comments on the present and future of science, inspired by Naomi Oreskes / Jon A. Krosnick -- Response. Reply -- Afterword.

Note: Contents: Acknowledgments 1. Introduction: The Role of Agents and the Establishment of the REDD+ Regime 2. The Role of Agents in Earth System Governance 3. The Agency of Governments in REDD+ 4. The Agency of Non-State Actors in REDD+ 5. The Assumptions behind REDD+ 6. The Effectiveness of the REDD+ Regime 7. The Economic Efficiency of the REDD+ Regime 8. The Social Equity of the REDD+ Regime 9. Conclusions References Index

Note: Contents: The Risk to Ecosystems and Ecosystem Services: A Framework for the Atlas of Ecosystem Services ; The Ecosystem Service Concept: Linking Ecosystems and Human Wellbeing ; The Link Between Diversity, Ecosystem Functions, and Ecosystem Services ; Embracing Community Resilience in Ecosystem Management and Research ; Risk and Uncertainty as Sources of Economic Value of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services ; Taking Social Responsibility in Using Ecosystem Services Concepts: Ethical Issues of Linking Ecosystems and Human Well-Being ; Introduction to Part II: Drivers and Their Risks for Ecosystems, Their Functions, and Services ; Scaling Sensitivity of Drivers ; The Evidence for Genetic Diversity Effects on Ecosystem Services ; Using Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (DGVMs) for Projecting Ecosystem Services at Regional Scales ; Remote Sensing Measurements of Forest Structure Types for Ecosystem Service Mapping ; Mapping Land System Archetypes to Understand Drivers of Ecosystem Service Risks ; Assessment of Soil Functions Affected by Soil Management ; Mediterranean Wetlands: A Gradient from Natural Resilience to a Fragile Social-Ecosystem ; Vulnerability of Ecosystem Services in Farmland Depends on Landscape Management ; Provisioning Ecosystem Services at Risk: Pollination Benefits and Pollination Dependency of Cropping Systems at the Global Scale ; Minimising Risks of Global Change by Enhancing Resilience of Pollinators in Agricultural Systems ; Drivers of Risks for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Biogas Plants Development in Germany ; European Energy Governance Landscapes: Energy-Related Pressures on Ecosystem Services ; Wind Power Deployment as a Stressor for Ecosystem Services: A Comparative Case Study from Germany and Sweden ; Selected Trade-Offs and Risks Associated with Land Use Transitions in Central Germany ; New EU-Level Scenarios on the Future of Ecosystem Services ; The Rural-to-Urban Gradient and Ecosystem Services ; How to Reconcile the Ecosystem Service of Regulating the Microclimate with Urban Planning Projects on Brownfields? The Case Study Bayerischer Bahnhof in Leipzig, Germany ; Urban Green Infrastructure in Support of Ecosystem Services in a Highly Dynamic South American City: A Multi-Scale Assessment of Santiago de Chile ; Climate Regulation by Diverse Urban Green Spaces: Risks and Opportunities Related to Climate and Land Use Change ; Climate Change as Driver for Ecosystem Services Risk and Opportunities ; Capacity of Ecosystems to Degrade Anthropogenic Chemicals ; Impacts of Nitrogen Deposition on Forest Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity ; Ecosystem Services from Inland Waters and Their Aquatic Ecosystems ; Groundwater Ecosystems and Their Services: Current Status and Potential Risks ; Drinking Water Quality at Risk: A European Perspective ; Pesticide Effects on Stream Ecosystems ; How Good Are Bad Species? ; Alien Planktonic Species in the Marine Realm: What Do They Mean for Ecosystem Services Provision? ; Invasion of the Wadden Sea by the Pacific Oyster (Magallana gigas): A Risk to Ecosystem Services? ; International Trade and Global Flows of Ecosystem Services ; Introduction to Part III: Trade-Offs and Synergies Among Ecosystem Services ; Trade-Offs and Synergies Between Biodiversity Conservation and Productivity in the Context of Increasing Demands on Landscapes ; Climate Change Induced Carbon Competition: Bioenergy Versus Soil Organic Matter Reproduction ; Removal of Agricultural Residues from Conventional Cropping Systems ; Shrinking Cities and Ecosystem Services: Opportunities, Planning, Challenges, and Risks ; Spatial Patterns of Ecosystem Service Bundles in Germany ; Indicators of Ecosystem Services for Policy Makers in the Netherlands ; The Montérégie Connection: Understanding How Ecosystems Can Provide Resilience to the Risk of Ecosystem Service Change ; Synchronized Peak Rate Years of Global Resources Use Imply Critical Trade-Offs in Appropriation of Natural Resources and Ecosystem Services

Note: Contents:1. Exact Dynamic Programming ; 2. Approximation in Value Space ; 3. Parametric Approximation ; 4. Infinite Horizon Dynamic Programming ; 5. Infinite Horizon Reinforcement Learning ; 6. Aggregation

Note: Contents: Introduction: Climate Change and our Future ; 1: Global Crisis and the Mandate of COP ; 2: Insuring the Future ; 3: The Kyoto Protocol and its Carbon Market ; 4: The Road to Paris: An Insider’s Timeline ; 5: An Uncertain Future ; 6: Implementing the Carbon Market and its CDM ; 7: The Paris Agreement: Failure as an Opportunity ; 8: Avoiding Extinction ; 9: Four Obscure Articles in the Paris Agreement Hold the Key to Resolve Climate Change ; 10: Reversing Climate Change ; Epilogue: The Future Act of 2018: New U.S. Law Provides Unlimited Tax Credits to Remove CO2 from Air

Note: Contents: What Is Telecoupling? ; Telecoupling: A New Framework for Researching Land-Use Change in a Globalised World ; Explanations in Telecoupling Research ; Mapping Export-Oriented Crop Production ; Telecoupling and Consumption in Agri-Food Systems ; Toolbox: Flow Analysis—Social Metabolism in the Analysis of Telecoupling ; Trade and Land-Use Telecouplings ; Governance for Sustainability in Telecoupled Systems ; Toolbox: Operationalising Telecoupling with Network Analysis ; Environmental Justice in Telecoupling Research ; Livelihoods through the Lens of Telecoupling ; Toolbox: Spatial Analysis and Modelling ; Urban Telecouplings ; Conservation Telecouplings ; Toolbox: Capturing and Understanding Telecoupling through Qualitative Research ; Discursive Telecouplings ; Beyond Integration: Exploring the Interdisciplinary Potential of Telecoupling Research ; Co-producing Knowledge for Sustainable Development in Telecoupled Land Systems

Note: Contents: Every country for itself? -- What slippery slope? -- The anatomy of globalism -- The West's globalist history -- Free trade and its discontents -- The mirage of sovereignty -- Citizens of nowhere, unite! -- A globalism for the people.

Note: Contents: Introduction ; New Methods for Investigating New Dangers ; Children and Climate Change: Exploring Children’s Feelings About Climate Change Using Free Association Narrative Interview Methodology ; An Integrative Methodology for Investigating Lived Experience and the Psychosocial Factors Influencing Environmental Cognition and Behaviour ; Emotional Work as a Necessity: A Psychosocial Analysis of Low-Carbon Energy Collaboration Stories ; Researching Climate Engagement: Collaborative Conversations and Consciousness Change ; Climate Change, Social Dreaming and Art: Thinking the Unthinkable ; Emotions, Reflexivity and the Long Haul: What We Do About How We Feel About Climate Change ; Leading with Nature in Mind ; Attitudes to Climate Change in Some English Local Authorities: Varying Sense of Agency in Denial and Hope ; We Have to Talk About…Climate Change ; Engaging with Climate Change: Comparing the Cultures of Science and Activism ; Conclusions