ALBERT

Note: Contents: Introduction ; Descriptive Models ; Carbon Balance ; Tree Structure ; Combining the Carbon Balance and Structure into a Core Model ; Competition ; Tree Structure Revisited: Eco-Evolutionary Models ; Predicting Stand Growth: Parameters, Drivers, and Modular Inputs ; Calibration ; Applications and Future Outlook

Note: Dissertation, Universität Potsdam, 2019 , TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract Zusammenfassung Table of contents List of figures List of tables List of abbreviations 1 Introduction 1.1 Scientific background and motivation 1.1.1 Permafrost degradation 1.1.2 Snow cover 1.1.3 Vegetation phenology 1.2 Remote sensing of rapid changes 1.2.1 SAR remote sensing 1.2.2 TerraSar-X 1.3 Data and methods 1.4 Aims and objectives 1.5 Study areas and data 1.6 Thesis structure and author contributions 1.6.1 Chapter 2 – Monitoring inter-and intra-seasonal dynamics of rapidly degrading ice-rich permafrost riverbanks in the Lena Delta with TerraSAR-X time series 1.6.2 Chapter 3 – TerraSAR-X time series fill a gap in spaceborne snowmelt monitoring of small Arctic catchments 1.6.3 Chapter 4 – Estimation of Arctic tundra vegetation phenology with TerraSAR-X 2 Monitoring inter-and intra-seasonal dynamics of rapidly degrading ice-rich permafrost riverbanks in the Lena Delta with TerraSAR-X time series 2.1 Abstract 2.2 Introduction 2.3 Study area 2.4 Data and methods 2.4.1 SAR data and processing 2.4.2 Automated cliff-top line extraction from SAR data 2.4.3 Quantification of cliff-top erosion with the Digital Shoreline Analysis System 2.4.4 Cliff top mapping from optical satellite data 2.4.5 In-situ observations of cliff top erosion 2.4.6 Climate data 2.4.7 Statistical data analysis 2.5 Results 2.5.1 TSX erosion versus in-situ and optical datasets 2.5.2 Inter-and intra-annual cliff-top erosion and climate data 2.5.3 Backscatter time series 2.6 Discussion 2.6.1 Inter-annual dynamics of cliff-top erosion 2.6.2 Intra-annual dynamics of cliff-top erosion 2.6.3 Backscatter dynamics of tundra and cliff surfaces 2.7 Conclusions 2.8 Acknowledgments 3 TerraSAR-X time series fill a gap in spaceborne snowmelt monitoring of small Arctic catchments 3.1 Abstract 3.2 Introduction 3.3 Study area 3.4 Data and methods 3.4.1 SAR satellite data 3.4.2 Optical satellite data 3.4.3 In-situ time-lapse camera data 3.4.4 Snow Cover Extent from TerraSAR-X 3.4.5 Snow Cover Extent from Landsat 8 3.4.6 Accuracy assessment of TerraSAR-X Snow Cover Extent 3.4.7 Fractional Snow Cover time series analysis 3.5 Results 3.5.1 Evaluation of TSX Snow Cover Extent 3.5.2 Time series of Fractional Snow Cover in all catchments 3.5.3 Time series of Fractional SnowCover in small catchments 3.6 Discussion 3.6.1 Spatiotemporal monitoring of snowmelt dynamics using TSX 3.6.2 Technical considerations for using TSX for wet snow detection 3.7 Conclusions 3.8 Acknowledgements 3.9 Appendix 4 Relationships between X-Band SAR and vegetation phenology in a low Arctic ecosystem 4.1 Abstract 4.2 Introduction 4.3 Study area 4.4 Data and methods 4.4.1 In-situ time-lapse phenological cameras 4.4.2 Time-lapse image analysis 4.4.3 SAR satellite data 4.4.4 Backscatter and coherence time series 4.4.5 In-situ vegetation and climate data 4.5 Results 4.5.1 Phenocams 4.5.2 Backscatter dynamics 4.5.3 Coherence dynamics 4.6 Climate data 4.7 Backscatter and vegetation height 4.8 Discussion 4.9 Conclusion 4.10 Acknowledgments 5 Synthesis 5.1 Rapid permafrost disturbance 5.2 Snowmelt dynamics 5.3 Arctic tundra vegetation phenology 5.4 Seasonality and complementarity of TSX 5.5 Limitations and technical considerations 5.6 Key findings and outlook References Acknowledgements

Note: Contents: Preface. - Chapter 1: Overview of modern and Quaternary vegetation in China. - 1.1 Northwest region / Tang Lingyu and Shen Caiming. - 1.1.1 Overview of modern vegetation. - 1.1.1.1 Gobi desert and desert vegetation in eastern Xinjiang. - 1.1.1.2 Extremely arid desert and shrubland vegetation in the Qaidam Basin. - 1.1.1.3 Arid desert shrub and semi-shrub vegetation in the Hexi Corridor. - 1.1.1.4 Sylvosteppe or pine-oak forest in the transitional region between semi-humid and semi-arid monsoonal climate of temperate zone in the Loess Plateau. - 1.1.2 Overview of Quaternary vegetation. - 1.1.2.1 Vegetation and environment since the early Pleistocene in Qinghai. - 1.1.2.2 Holocene vegetation succession of steppe/meadow in north Xizang (Tibet). - 1.1.2.3 Vegetation and environment since the late Pleistocene in the Loess Plateau. - 1.1.2.4 Vegetation and environment since the early Pleistocene in Xinjiang. - 1.2 Northern region / Tang Lingyu and Li Chunhai. - 1.2.1 Overview of modern vegetation. - 1.2.1.1 Coniferous and broadleaved forest and meadow of temperate zone in Northeast China. - 1.2.1.2 Oak forest of river valley, Chinese pine forest, and shrub steppe in the lower valley of Liaohe River, North China plain, southern Shanxi, and central Shaanxi plain. - 1.2.2 Overview of Quaternary vegetation. - 1.2.2.1 Vegetation and environment since the early Pleistocene in North China. - 1.2.2.2 Vegetation and environment since the early Pleistocene in Northeast China. - 1.3 Southeast region / Shu Junwu and Tang Lingyu. - 1.3.1 Overview of modern vegetation. - 1.3.2 Overview of Quaternary vegetation. - 1.3.2.1 Vegetation succession since the mid-Pleistocene in Hubei. - 1.3.2.2 Vegetation and environment since the late Pleistocene in the lower valley of the Yangtze River. - 1.3 .2.3 Forest succession since the last glaciation in southeast coast of Fujian. - 1.3.2.4 Vegetation and environment since the late Pleistocene in the central Taiwan. - 1.4 South region / Mao Limi, Tang Lingyu and Shen Cairning. - 1.4.1 Overview of modern vegetation. - 1.4.1.1 Vegetation in the southern zone of middle subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest. - 1.4.1.2 Vegetation in the zone of south subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest. - 1.4.1.3 Tropical semi-evergreen monsoonal forest and tropical monsoonal forest. - 1.4.2 Overview of Quaternary vegetation. - 1.4.2.1 Vegetation in the Zhujiang delta and Chaozhou plain since the Pleistocene recorded by pollen and spores. - 1.4.2.2 Vegetation and climate since the late Pleistocene in Leizhou Peninsula and Holocene vegetation and climate in Hainan Island. - 1.4.2.3 Late Quaternary pollen and spores, vegetation and climate records in the South. - 1.4.2.4 Vegetation and climate since the late Pleistocene in Hong Kong. - 1.5 Southwest region / Shu Junwu, Tang Lingyu and Shen Caiming. - 1.5.1 Overview of modern vegetation. - 1.5.1.1 Vegetation of evergreen broadleaved forest in the Yunnan , Guizhou and western Sichuan Plateau. - 1.5.1.2 Vegetation of coniferous forest in southeast Xizang. - 1.5.2 Overview of Quaternary vegetation. - 1.5.2.1 Holocene vegetation in northwest Yunnan. - 1.5.2.2 Vegetation and monsoonal climate history since the late Pleistocene in western and south-central Yunnan. - 1.5.2.3 Holocene vegetation in western Sichuan. - 1.5.2.4 Vegetation and environment since the late Pleistocene in Guizhou. - 1.5.2.5 Vegetation and monsoonal climate history since the late Pleistocene in southeastern Xizang. - Chapter 2 Main types of Quaternary pollen and spores and their characteristics in different regions of China. - 2.1 Northwest region / Tang Lingyu and Mao Limi. - 2.1.1 Types of Quaternary pollen and spores in Northwest China. - 2.1.2 Identifiable features of major Quaternary pollen and spores in Northwest China. - 2.1.2.1 Identifiable features of main Compositae pollen types. - 2.1.2.2 Identifiable features of Artemisia, Tamarix, and Zygophyllum pollen. - 2.1.2.3 Identifiable features of Rhamnus, Hippophae, and Elaeagnus pollen. - 2.1.3 Descriptions of morphological features for major Quaternary spores and pollen in Northwest China. - 2.1.3.1 Photomicrographs for major Quaternary pollen types in Northwest China. - 2.1.3.2 Descriptions of morphological features for major Quaternary pollen types in Northwest China. - 2.2 Northern region / Tang Lingyu. - 2.2.1 Types of Quaternary pollen and spores in Northern China. - 2.2.2 Identifiable features of major Quaternary pollen and spores in Northern China. - 2.2.2.1 Identification keys of pollen morphology for several saccate genera of Pinaceae. - 2.2.2.2 Identifiable features of pollen morphology for genera of Betulaceae. - 2.2.2.3 Identifiable features of tricolpate pollen from Salix and Cruciferae. - 2.2.2.4 Identifiable features of tricolpate pollen from Ranunculaceae and Labiatae. - 2.2.3 Descriptions of morphological features for major Quaternary spores and pollen in Northern China. - 2.2.3.1 Photomicrographs for major Quaternary pollen types in Northern China. - 2.2.3.2 Descriptions of morphological features for major Quaternary pollen types in Northern China. - 2.3 Southeast region / Tang Lingyu and Shu Junwu. - 2.3.1 Types of Quaternary pollen and spores in Southeast China. - 2.3.2 Identifiable features of major Quaternary pollen and spores in Southeast China. - 2.3.2.1 Identifiable features of pollen morphology for Fagaceae. - 2.3.2.2 Identification keys of pollen morphology for several genera of Fagaceae. - 2.3.2.3 Identifiable features of pollen morphology for several genera of Fagaceae. - 2.3.2.4 Identifiable features of pollen morphology for several genera of tropical and subtropical. - 2.3.3 Descriptions of morphological features for major Quaternary pollen and spores in Southeast China. - 2.3.3.1 Photomicrographs for major Quaternary pollen types in Southeast China. - 2.3.3.2 Descriptions of morphological features for major Quaternary pollen types in Southeast China. - 2.4 South region / Mao Limi and Tang Lingyu. - 2.4.1 Types of Quaternary pollen and spores in South China. - 2.4.2 Identifiable features of main Quaternary pollen and spores in South China. - 2.4.2.1 Modern distribution and paleophytogeography of Sonneratia and its identifiable features of pollen morphology. - 2.4.2.2 Modern distribution and paleoecology significance of Rhizophoraceae and its identifiable features of pollen morphology. - 2.4.3 Photomicrographs and descriptions of morphological features for major Quaternary pollen and spores in South China. - 2.4.3.1 Photomicrographs for major Quaternary pollen and spores in South China. - 2.4.3.2 Descriptions of morphological features for major Quaternary pollen and spores in South China. - 2.5 Southwest region / Tang Lingyu and Shu Junwu. - 2.5.1 Types of Quaternary pollen and spores in Southwest China. - 2.5.2 Identifiable feature of main Quaternary pollen and spores in Southwest China. - 2.5.2.1 Plant distribution and pollen features of Pinaceae in Southwest China. - 2.5.2.2 Identification keys of pollen morphology for Pinaceae. - 2.5.3 Descriptions of morphological features for major Quaternary pollen and spores in Southwest China. - 2.5.3.1 Photomicrographs for common pollen in Southwest China. - 2.5.3.2 Descriptions of morphological features for major Quaternary pollen and spores in Southwest China. - Chapter 3 Plates and descriptions of Quaternary pollen and spores in different region of China. - 3.1 Northwest region / Tang Lingyu and Mao Limi. - Spores of the pteridophyte Plates 1-3. - Gymnosperm pollen Plates 3-10. - Angiosperm pollen Plates 11-63. - 3.2 Northern region / Tang Lingyu and Li Chunhai. - Spores of the algae Plates 1-3. - Spores of the bryophyte Plate 4. - Spores of the pteridophyte Plates 5-9. - Gymnosperm pollen Plates 9-24. - Angiosperm pollen Plates 25-63. - 3.3 Southeast region / Tang Lingyu, Zhou Zhongze and

Note: English

Note: Introduction / Sandra RendgenHow I strive to understand what it is like not to understand / Richard Saul Wurman -- How data changed journalism / Simon Rogers -- Turning visualisations into stories and "big pictures" / Paolo Ciurrarelli -- Projects. Location ; Time ; Category ; Hierarchy..

Note: German

Note: German

Note: Contents: Crassulaceae / Pan Jin-tang, Chen Shi-long (Sedum). - Saxifragaceae / Pan Jin-tang. - Rosaceae / Wu Zhen-Ian. - Leguminosae / Wu Yu-hu, Xia Zhen-dai (Vicieae). - Geraniaceae, Tropaeolaceae, Linaceae, Zygophyllaceae, Rutaceae, Simaroubaceae, Meliaceae, Polygalaceae / Wu Zhen-Ian. - Euphorbiaceae / Pan Jin-tang. - Callitrichaceae, Anacardiaceae, Celastraceae, Aceraceae, Sapindaceae, Balsaminaceae, ·Rhamnaceae, Vitaceae, Tiliaceae, Malvaceae, Actinidiaceae, Cuttiferae / Wu Zhen-Ian. - Tamaricaceae / Zhang-Zhi-he. - Violaceae / Pan Jin-tang. - Thymelaeaceae, Elaeagnaceae / Zhang Zhi-he. - Onagraceae, Haloragidiceae, Hippuridaceae, Cynomoriaceae / Pan Jin-tang. - Araliaceae / Wu Zhen-Ian. - Umbelliferae, Cornaceae / Pan Jin-tang. - Delineatores / Wang Ying, Yan Cui-lan, Liu Jin-jun, Pan Jin-tang. , In chines. Schr. - Nomenklatur in lat. Schr.

Note: Contents: Selaginellaceae, Equisetaceae, Pteridaceae, Sinopteridaceae, Adiataceae, Hemionidaceae, Athyriaceae, Aspleniaceae, Onocleaceae, Woodsiaceae, Dryopteridaceae, Polypodiaceae, Drynariaceae, Pinaceae, Cupressaceae, Ephedraceae, Utricaceae / Mei Li-juan. - Salicaceae / Ding Tuo-ya. - Juglandaceae, Betulaceae, Fagaceae, Ulmaceae, Moraceae, Santalaceae, Loranthaceae, Polygonaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Amaranthaceae, Cruciferae / Huang Rong-fu. - Caryophyllaceae, Ranunculaceae, Berberidaceae, Lauraceae, Papaveraceae / Zhou Li-hua. - Delineatores / Wang Ying, Yan Cui-lan, Liu Jin-jun, Zhang Gui-zhi, Feng Jin-huan, Zhou Qing-jun. , In chines. Schr. - Nomenklatur in lat. Schr.

Note: Table of Contents: NYCTAGINACEAE. - 1. Pisonia L. - 1. P. aculeata L.. - 2. Ceodes J. et G. Forst. - 1. C. grandis (R. Br.) D. Q. Lu. - 2. C. umbellifera J. et G. Forst. - 3. Bougainvillea Comm. ex Juss. - 1. B. glabra Choisy. - 2. spectabilis Willd. - 4. Mirabilis L. - 1. M. jalapa L. - 5. Oxybaphus L' Her. ex Willd. - 1. O. himalaicus Edgew. - 6. Boerhavia L. - 1. B. diffusa L. - 2. B. erecta L.. - 3. B. crispa Heyne. - 7. Commicarpus Standl. - 1. C. chinensis (L. ) Heim. - 2. C. lantsangensis D. Q. Lu. - PHYTOLACCACEAE. - 1. Phytolacca L. - 1. Ph. acinosa Roxb. - 2. Ph. polyandra Batalin. - 3. Ph. japonica Makino. - 4. Ph. americana L. - 2. Rivina L. - 1. R. humilis L. - AIZOACEAE. - 1. Gisekia L. - 1. G. pharnaceoides L. - 2. Glinus L. - 1. Gl. lotoides L. - 2. Gl. oppositifolius (L.) A. DC. - 3. Mollugo L. - 1. M. nudicaulis Lam. - 2. M. cerviana (L.) Ser. - 3. M. stricta L. - 4. M. verticillata L. - 4. Sesuvium L. - 1. S. portulacastrum (L.) L. - 5. Trianthema L. - 1. Tr. portulacastrum L. - 6. Mesembryanthemum L. - 1. M. cordifolium L. f. - 2. M. crystallinum L. - 3. M. uncatum Salm-Dyck. - 4. M. edule L.. - 5. M. spectabile Haw. - 7. Tetragonia L. - 1. T . tetragonioides (Pall. ) Kuntze. - PORTULACACEAE. - 1. Portulaca L. - 1. P. oleracea L. - 2. P. pilosa L. - 3. P. grandiflora Hook - 4. P. quadrifida L. - 5. P. psammotropha Hance. - 6. P. insularis Hosokawa. - 2. Talinum Adans. - 1. T. paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn. - BASELLACEAE. - 1. Basella L. - 1. B. alba L. - 2. Anredera Juss. - 1. A. scandens (L.) Moq. - 2. A. cordifolia (Tenore) Steenis. - CARYOPHYLLACEAE. - I. Subfam. PARONYCHIOIDEAE Vierh. - 1. Trib. PARONYCHIEAE Pax. - 1. Gymnocarpos Forssk. - 1. G. przewalskii Maxim. - 2. Herniaria L. - 1. H. glabra L. - 2. H. polygama J. Gay. - 3. H. caucasica Rupr. - 2. Trib. SPERGULEAE Vierh. - 3. Spergula L. - 1. Sp. arvensis L. - 4. Spergularia (Pers.) J. et C. Presl. - 1. Sp. rubra (L.) J. et C. Presl. - 2. Sp. diandra (Guss.) Heldr. et Sart. - 3. Sp. media (L.) C. Presl. - 4. Sp. salina J. et C. Presl. - 3. Trib. POLYCARPEAE Pax. - 5. Drymaria Willd. ex Roem. et Schult. - 1. Dr. villosa Cham. et Schlecht. - 2. Dr. diandra Bl. - 6. Polycarpon Loefl. ex L. - 1. P. prostratum (Forssk.) Aschers. et Schweinw. - 7. Polycarpaea Lam. - 1. P. corymbosa (L.) Lam. - 2. P. gaudichaudii Gagnep. - ll. Subfam. ALSINOIDEAE Vierh. - 1. Subtrib. STELLARIINAE Aschers. et Graebn. - 8. Pseudostellaria Pax. - 1. Ps. sylvatica (Maxim.) Pax. - 2. Ps. heterophylla (Miq.) Pax. - 3. Ps. japonica (Korsh.) Pax. - 4. Ps. davidii (Franch.) Pax. - 5. Ps. rupestris (Turcz.) Pax. - 6. Ps. heterantha (Maxim.) Pax. - 7. Ps. himalaica (Franch.) Pax. - 8. Ps. maximowicziana (Franch. et Sav.) Pax. - 9. Myosoton Moench. - 1. M. aquaticum (L.) Moench. - 10. Cerastium L. - 1. C. cerastoides (L.) Britt. - 2. C. pauciflorum Stev. ex Ser. - 3. C. falcatum Bge. - 4. C. maximum L. - 5. C. lithospermifolium Fisch. - 6. C. dahuricum Fisch. - 7. C. perfoliaturn L. - 8. C. glomeratum Thuill. - 9. C. furcatum Cham. et Schlecht. - 10. C. fontanum Baumg. - 11. C. tianschanicum Schischk. - 12. C. limprichtii Pax et Hoffm. - 13. C. szechuense Williams. - 14. C. wilsonii Takeda. - 15. C. pusillum Ser. - 16. C. baischanense Y. C. Chu. - 17. C. arvense L. - 18. C. subpilosum Hayata. - 11. Stellaria L. - 1. Sect. Stellaria. - 1. Subsect. Stellaria. - 1. Ser. Petiolares Fenzl. - 1. St. bungeana Fenzl. - 2. St. nemorum L. - 3. St. nepalensis Majumdar et Vartak. - 4. St. arisanensis (Hayata) Hayata. - 5. St. wushanensis Williams. - 6. St. neglecta Weihe ex Bluff et Fingerh. - 7. St. media (L.) Cyr. - 8. St. apetala Ucria ex Roem. - 9. St. vestita Kurz. - 10. St. chinensis Regel. - 11. St. pilosa Franch. - 12. St. petiolaris Hand. -Mazz. - 13. St. lanipes C. Y. Wu et H. Chuang. - 2. Ser. Sessilifoliae Y. W. Tsui ex P. Ke. - 14. St. omeiensis C. Y. Wu et Y. W. Tsui ex P. Ke. - 15. St. reticulivena Hayata. - 16. St. infracta Maxim. - 17. St. gyirongensis L. H. Zhou. - 18. St. zangnanensis L. H. Zhou. - 19. St. tibetica Kurz. - 20. St. lanata Hook. f. ex Edgew. et Hook. f. - 21. St. patens D. Don. - 3. Ser. Dichotomae Roshev. - 22. St. dichotoma L. - 23. St. amblyosepala Schrenk. - 4. Ser. Holosteae Fenzl. - 24. St. henryi Williams. - 2. Subsect. Larbraea (St. Hil.) Fenzl. - 1. Ser. Foliaceo-bracteatae Schischk. - 25. St. ebracteata Korn. - 26. St. winkleri (Briq.) Schischk. - 27. St. crassifolia Ehrh. - 2. Ser. Discolares Schischk. - 28. St. discolor Turcz. - 29. St. gyangtseensis Williams. - 3. Ser. Uliginosae Schischk. - 30. St. pusilla E. Schmid. - 31. St. mainlingensis L. H. Zhou. - 32. St. depressa E. Schmid. - 33. St. uliginosa Murr. - 4. Ser. Gramineae Roshev. - 34. St. graminea L. - 35. St. brachypetala Bge. - 36. St. yunnanensis Franch. - 37. St. palustris Ehrh. ex Retz. - 38. St. salicifolia Y. W. Tsui ex P. Ke. - 39. St. dianthifolia Williams. - 40. St. longifolia Muehl. ex Willd. - 41. St. imbricata Bge. - 42. St. nipponica Ohwi. - 43. St. filicaulis Makino. - 5. Ser. Parviflorae Schischk. - 44. St. alaschanica Y. Z. Zhao. - 45. St. oxycoccoides Korn. - 46. St. uda Williams. - 47. St. souliei Williams. - 6. Ser. Pedunculares Schischk. - 48. St. soongorica Roshev. - 7. Ser. Umbellatae Schischk. - 49. St. irrigua Bge. - 50. St. parvi-umbellata Y. Z. Zhao. - 51. St. umbellata Turcz. - 52. St. suburnbellata Edgew.. - 2. Sect. Adenonerna (Bge.) Pax. - 53. St. arenaria Maxim.. - 54. St. cherleriae (Fisch. ex Ser.) Williams. - 55. St. petraea Bge. - 56. St. decumbens Edgew. - 57. St. congestiflora Hara. - 3. Sect. Fimbripetalurn Turcz. - 58. St. radians L. - 4. Sect. Leucostemma (Benth. ex G. Don f.) Pax. - 59. St. rnartjanovii Krylov. - 5. Sect. Schizothecium Fenzl. - 60. St. monosperma Buch. -Ham. ex D. Don. - 61. St. ovatifolia (Mizushima) Mizushima. - 62. St. delavayi Franch. - 6. Sect. Oligosperma Boiss. - 63. St. bistyla Y. Z. Zhao. - 64. St. strongylosepala Hand.-Mazz. - 12. Holosteum L. - 1. H. umbellatum L. - 13. Arenaria L. - 1. Subgen. Arenaria. - 1. Sect. Arenaria. - 1. A. serpyllifolia L. - 2. Sect. Rotundifoliae McNeill. - 2. A. orbiculata Royle ex. Edgew. et Hook f. - 3. A. neelgerrensis Wight et Arn. - 3. Sect. Rariflorae Williams. - 4. A. monosperma Williams. - 5. A. puranensis L. H. Zhou. - 4. Sect. Compressae McNeill. - 6. A. compressa McNeill. - 2. Subgen. Eremogone (Fenzl) Fenzl. - 1. Sect. Monogone Maxim. - 7. A. potaninii Schischk. - 2. Sect. Capillares McNeill. - 8. A. juncea M. Bieb. - 9. A. capillaris Poir. - 10. A. acicularis Williams ex Keissler. - 11. A. grüningiana Pax et Hoffm. - 12. A. formosa Fisch. ex Ser. - 13. A. haitzeshanensis Y. W. Tsui. - 3. Sect. Sclerophyllae (Boiss.) McNeill. - 14. A. griffithii Boiss. - 15. A. androsacea Grub. - 3. Subgen. Eremogoneastrum Williams. - 16. A. brevipetala Y. W. Tsui et L. H. Zhou. - 17. A. baxoiensis L. H. Zhou. - 18. A. kumaonensis Maxim. - 19. A. kansuensis Maxim. - 20. A. ischnophylla Williams. - 21. A. roborowskii Maxim. - 22. A. lancangensis L. H. Zhou. - 23. A. gerzeensis L. H. Zhou. - 24. A. qinghaiensis Y. W. Tsui et L. H. Zhou. - 25. A. aksayqingensis L. H. Zhou. - 26. A. pulvinata Edgew. - 27. A. shannanensis L. H. Zhou. - 28. A. edgeworthiana Majumdar. - 29. A. bryophylla Fernald. - 30. A. zadoiensis L. H. Zhou. - 31. A. taibaishanensis L. H. Zhou. - 32. A. festucoides Benth. - 4. Subgen. Dolophragma (Fenzl) McNeill. - 33. A. przewalskii Maxim. - 34. A. smithiana Mattf. - 35. A. oreophila Hook. f. ex Edgew. et Hook. f. - 36. A. densissima Wall. ex Edgew. et Hook. f. - 37. A. polytrichoides Edgew. ex. Edgew. et Hook f. - 5. Subgen. Solitaria McNeill. - 38. A. ciliolata Edgew. - 39. A. ramellata Williams. - 40. A. stracheyi Edgew. - 41. A. rhodantha Pax et Ho , Text in chinesischer Schrift , Überschriften in lateinischer Sprache

Note: Contents: Pyrolaceae, Ericaceae, Plumbaginaceae, Oleaceae, Loganiaceae, Gentianaceae, Convolvulaceae, Verbenaceae, Labiatae, Solanaceae, Capdfoliaceae, Dipsacaceae, Cucurbitaceae / Ho Ting-nung. - Primulaceae / Ho Ting-nung, Xue Chun-ying. - Apocynaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Polemoniaceae, Plantaginaceae, Rubiaceae, Adoxaceae, Valerianaceae / Xue Chun-ying. - Boraginaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Bignoniaceae, Orobanchaceae, Lentibulariaceae, Gesneriaceae / Lu Xue-feng. - Campanulaceae, Compositae / Liu Shang-wu. - Delineatores / Wang Ying, Yan Cui-lan, Liu, Jin-jun. , Sprache In chines. Schr. - Nomenklatur in lat. Schr.

Note: Contents: Typhaceae, Potamogetonaceae, Juncaginaceae, Scheuchzeriaceae, Alismataceae, Araceae, Lemnaceae, Juncaceae, Dioscoreaceae, Iridaceae / DengDe-shan. - Gramineae / Lu Sheng-lian. - Gramineae (Triticeae Dumort) / Cai Lian-bing. - Cyperaceae / Liang Song-jun, Dai Lun-kai, Zhang Shu-ren. - Liliaceae / Liu Shang-wu. - Orchidaceae / Lang, Kai-yong. - Delineatores / Yan Cui-lan, Wang Ying, Liu Jin-jun, Wang Jin-feng, Ji Chao-zhen, Wu Zhang-hua, Zhang Tai-li. , In chines. Schr. - Nomenklatur in lat. Schr.

Note: Contents Preface / Cheng Guodong, R.M. Kamensky Comparison: development condition of frozen ground in the Bolshaya-Almatinka-Kosmo Permafrost Station, Kasakhstan and the Tian Shan Glaciological Station, China / Qiu Guoqing and A.P. Gorbunov Permafrost and pereletok in the forest zoe of Tian Shan / A.P. Gorbunov Distribution and thermal regime of alpine permafrost in the middle-section of East Tian Shan, China / Jin Huijun, Qiu Guoqing, Zhao Lin and Wang Shujuan Comparative characteristics of icings in Zailiysky Alatau and East Tian Shan / A.P. Gorbunov and E.D. Ermolin Some new data of D.S. electrical soundings of permafrost in Northern Tian Shan / Zeng Zhonggong, Wang Shujuan and A.E. Nemov The depositional characteristics of sediments in the Borehole No. 2 and No. 4 in the source area of Urumqi river / Zhao Lin and Qiu Guoqing Rock glaciers in Bolshaya Almatinka river basin and Urumqi river basin of Northern and Eastern Tian Shan / A.P. Gorbunov and S.N. Titkov Comparative characteristics of frost mound in the Mt. Zailiysky Alatau, Mt. Kalaucheng and Mt. Bogda / S.N. Titkov, Zhao Lin and Jin Huijun Permafrost and climate at the upper reach of Urumqi river during the past 15 000 years / Zhao Lin, Qui Guoqing and Jin Huijun Development condition of the polygonal soil-wedges in Zailiysky Alatau / A.P. Gorbunov, E.D. Ermolin, Zeng Zhonggong and Qiu Guoqing Pollen composition and its significance in the reconstruction of paleoclimate in Northern Tian Shan during the past 5000 year / Ma Yuzheng, Qiu Guoqing and Zhao Lin Discussion: Geocryological studies in Central Asia - Present and future / A.P. Gorbunov, E.D. Ermolin, S.N. Titkov, Qiu Guoqing, Zeng Zhanggong, Wang Shujuan, Zhao Lin and Jin Huijun , Zusammenfassung in russischer und chinesischer Sprache

Note: Contents: Primulaceae. - 1. Primula L. - 2. Androsace L. - 3. Glaux L. - 4. Lysimachia L. - Plumbaginaceae. - 1. Goniolimon Boiss. - 2. Limonium Mill. - Oleaceae. - 1. Fraxinus L. - Loganiaceae. - Buddleja L. - Gentianaceae. - 1. Centaurium Hill. - 2. Gentiana L. - 3. Nymphoides Seguier. - Apocynaceae. - 1. Apocynum L. - 2. Poacynum Baill. - Asclepiadaceae. - 1. Periploca L. - 2. Cynanchum L. - Convolvulaceae. - 1. Convovulus L. - 2. Calystegia R. Br. - 3. Cuscuta L. - Hydrophyllaceae. - 1. Phacelia Juss. - Boraginaceae. - 1. Rindera Pall. - 2. Heliotropium L. - 3. Messerschmidia L. ex Hebenstr. - 4. Symphytum L. - 5. Rochelia Reichb. - 6. Asperugo L. - 7. Gastrocotyle Bge. - 8. Nonea Medic. - 9. Lycopsis L. - 10. Heterocarpum DC. - 11. Cynoglossum L. - 12. Lappula V. Wolf. - 13. Stenosolenium Turcz. - 14. Trigonotis Stev. - 15. Lepechiniella M. Pop. - 16. Arnebia Forsk. - 17. Onosma L. - 18. Lithospermum L. - 19. Echium L. - Verbenaceae. - 1. Caryopteris Bge. - Labiatae. - 1. Amethystea L. - 2. Scutellaria L. - 3. Marrubium L. - 4. Lagopsis Bge. ex Benth. - 5. Schizonepeta (Benth.) Briq. - 6. Lallemantia Fisch. et Mey. - 7. Dracocephalum L. - 8. Nepeta L. - 9. Eremostachys Bge. - 10. Phlomis L. - 11. Leonurus L. - 12. Panzeria Moench. - 13. Lagochilus Bge. - 14. Stachys L. - 15. Charmaesphacos Schrenk. - 16. Salvia L. - 17. Clinopodium L. - 18. Ziziphora L. - 19. Hyssopus L. - 20. Thymus L. - 21. Mentha L. - 22. Lycopus L. - 23. Elsholtzia Willd. - 24. Plectranthus L'Her. - Solanaceae. - 1. Lycium L. - 2. Solanum L. - 3. Hyoscyamus L. - 4. Datura L. - Scrophulariaceae. - 1. Veronicastrum Heist. ex Farbic. - 2. Veronica L. - 3. Linaria Mill. - 4. Limosella L. - 5. Leptorhabdos Schrenk. - 6. Scrophularia L. - 7. Rehmannia Libosch. ex Fisch. et Mey. - 8. Dodartia L. - 9. Omphalothrix Maxim. - 10. Euphrasia L. - 11. Odontites Ludw. - 12. Pedicularis L. - 13. Cymbaria L. - 14. Siphonostegia Benth. - Bignoniaceae. - 1. Incarvillea Juss. - Orobanchiaceae. - 1. Orobanche L. - 2. Cistanche Hoffmg. et Link. - Lentibulariaceae. - 1. Utricularia L. - Plantaginaceae. - 1. Plantago L. - Rubiaceae. - 1. Microphysa Schrenk. - 2. Galium L. - 3. Rubia L. - 4. Leptodermis Wall. - Caprifoliaceae. - 1. Lonicera L. - 2. Viburnum L. - 3. Sambucus L. - Valerianaeceae. - 1. Patrinia Juss. - Dipsaceae. - 1. Scabiosa L. - Campanulaceae. - 1. Adenophora Fisch. - 2. Lobelia L. - Compositae. - I. Eupatorieae. - 1. Eupatorium L. - II. Asterae Cass. - 2. Heteropappus Less. - 3. Aster L. - 4. Asterothamnus Novopokr. - 5. Galatella Cass. - 6. Linosyris Cass. - 7. Arctogeron DC. - 8. Tripolium Nees. - 9. Brachyactis Ledeb. - 10. Erigeron L. - 11. Conyza L. - III. Heliantheae. - 12. Xanthium L. - 13. Siegesbeckia L. - 14. Bidens L. - IV. Anthemideae. - 15. Achillea l. - 16. Tripleuospermum Sch. Bip. - 17. Tanacetum L. - 18. Hippolytia Poljak. - 19. Cancrinia Kar. et Kir. - 20. Brachanthemum DC. - 21. Dendranthema (DC,) Des. Moul. - 22. Stilpnolepis Krasch. - 23. Ajania Poljak. - 24. Filifolium Kitam. - 25. Kaschgaria Poljak. - 26. Elachanthemum Ling et Y. R. Ling. - 27. Neopallasia Poljak. - 28. Artemisia L. - V. Senecioneae. - 29. Senecio L. - 30. Ligularia Cass. - VI. Inuleae. - 31. Karelinia Less. - 32. Filago L. - 33. Leontopodium R. Brown. - 34. Gnaphalium L. - 35. Helichrysum Mill. - 36. Inula L. - 37. Pulicaria Gaertn. - VII. Echinopsideae. - 38. Echinops L. - VIII. Cynareae. - 39. Carlina L. - 40. Tugarinovia Iljin. - 41. Arctium L. - 42. Acroptilon Cass. - 43. Cousinia Cass. - 44. Olgaea Iljin. - 45. Ancathia DC. - 46. Carduus L. - 47. Cirsium Mill. emend. Scop. - 48. Silybum Adans. - 49. Oligochaeta C. Koch. - 50. Saussurea DC. - 51. Pilostemon Iljin. - 52. Jurinea Cass. - 53. Onopordum L. - 54. Russowia C. Winkl. - 55. Plagiobasis Schrenk. - 56. Serratula L. - 57. Schischkinia Iljin. - 58. Chartolepis Cass. - 59. Stemmacantha Cass. - 60. Amberboa (Pers.) Less. - 61. Hyalea (DC.) Jaub. et Spach. - 62. Centaurea L. - 63. Carthamus L. - IX. Cichorieae. - 64. Cichorium L. - 65. Garhadiolus Jaub. et Spach. - 66. Koelpinia Pall. - 67. Heteracia Fisch. et Mev. - 68. Achyrophorus Adans. - 69. Picris L. - 70. Epilasia (Bge.) Benth. et Hook. - 71. Scorzonera L. - 72. Tragopogon L. - 73. Taraxacum Wigg. - 74. Paramicrophynchus Kirp. - 75. Sonchus L. - 76. Cephalorrhynchus Boiss. - 77. Lactuca L. - 78. Chondrilla L. - 79. Hexinia H. L. Yang, gen. nov. in Addenda. - 80. Hieracium L. - 81. Crepis L. - 82. Ixeris Cass. - 83. Youngia Cass. - Addenda Diagnoses Taxorum Novarum. , Titel und Text in chines. Schr. , Nomenclature also in Latin.