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  • 1
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2022-12-07
    Description: Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) is one of the fundamental space geodetic techniques. Important goals for the next generation of VLBI technology are continuous operations as well as automated data processing. For this reason, it is necessary to introduce real time capable parameter estimation algorithms, such as Kalman filters, to VLBI data analysis. In this study, such a filter was implemented in the VLBI software VieVS@GFZ, and several aspects related to VLBI data processing were investigated. Within the corresponding module VIE_KAL it is possible, for example, to estimate all parameters important in VLBI analysis, adapt their stochastic models, flexibly define the datum, integrate external data, as well as extract datum free normal equations. The foci of the investigations were on the effects of the troposphere, the most important error source in VLBI analysis, and on the determination of station positions, which are of great importance in geodesy. For the stochastic model of the tropospheric delays, station- and timedependent differences were considered. In comparisons with tropospheric parameters from GNSS, water vapor radiometers and numerical weather models, the Kalman filter solution yielded 5 to 15% smaller differences than a least squares solution based on the same models and VLBI data. Also in the case of estimated station coordinates, the Kalman filter solution exhibited better baseline length and station coordinate repeatabilities. The application of station-based process noise led to additional improvements. Furthermore, the Kalman filter was used to estimate subdaily station coordinate variations caused by tidal and loading effects. Finally, the findings were used to determine Kalman-filter-based global terrestrial reference frames (TRFs). For the stochastic model of the coordinate variations of particular stations, loading deformation time series were utilized. The non-deterministic approach of the Kalman filter allowed the consideration of non-linear station movement, for example, due to irregular seasonal effects or post-seismic deformations. In comparisons with a VLBI TRF solution from a classical adjustment and ITRF2008, a good agreement in terms of transformation parameters and station velocities was achieved. The findings from testing different options related to the parameterization and to the stochastic model will help to improve future reference frames.
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
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  • 2
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  System Erde
    Publication Date: 2022-01-28
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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  • 3
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  System Erde
    Publication Date: 2022-01-28
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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  • 4
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  System Erde
    Publication Date: 2022-01-28
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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  • 5
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  System Erde
    Publication Date: 2022-01-28
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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  • 6
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  System Erde
    Publication Date: 2022-01-28
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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  • 7
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  System Erde
    Publication Date: 2022-01-28
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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  • 8
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  System Erde
    Publication Date: 2022-01-28
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2021-10-12
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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  • 10
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  ESKP-Themenspezial: Rohstoffe in der Tiefsee
    Publication Date: 2021-04-18
    Description: Nahezu alle metallischen Rohstoffe, die die Menschheit gegenwärtig benötigt, werden an Land gewonnen. Mit jedem Anstieg der Rohstoffpreise und der zunehmenden Nachfrage einer wachsenden Weltbevölkerung nach neuen Technologien, könnte es attraktiver werden, auch im Meer nach metallischen Rohstoffen zu suchen. Und der Bedarf für den Ausbau der E-Mobilität, die Energiewende und für die zunehmende Digitalisierung aller Lebensbereiche erhöht sich weiter. Die Europäische Union sieht mittlerweile die Versorgung mit 27 strategisch wichtigen Rohstoffen (2017) kritisch. Hierunter fallen beispielsweise Antimon, Germanium oder Kobalt. Die Folgen einer Rohstoffknappheit würden die deutsche Industrie besonders treffen, denn sie ist bei metallischen Rohstoffen nahezu komplett importabhängig. Stellen die Ozeane vor diesem Hintergrund eine attraktive Alternative für die Rohstoffbeschaffung dar? Dieser Frage wollen wir in unserem neuen ESKP-Themenspezial nachgehen. Die Erkundungen nach metallischen Rohstoffen in der Tiefsee sind voll im Gange: im Indischen Ozean, im Pazifik, auf alten Seerücken oder den Flanken submariner Vulkane. Insbesondere Kupfer, Kobalt und Nickel kommen in der Tiefsee in Mengen vor, die mit denen an Land vergleichbar sind. Der Run auf die Erkundungslizenzen hat bereits begonnen und die Unterwasserwelt wird nach und nach aufgeteilt, um den Tiefseebergbau voranzutreiben. So haben sich die Anträge bei der Internationalen Meeresbodenbehörde in den letzten fünf Jahren verdreifacht. Doch ist aus Umweltgesichtspunkten der Abbau metallischer Rohstoffe im Meer überhaupt vertretbar? Welche Auswirkungen auf die marinen Ökosysteme hätten riesige Trübungswolken am Meeresgrund? Wie ausgereift sind die Technologien für den Meeresbodenbergbau? Wie könnte ein zuverlässiges Umweltmonitoring in der Tiefsee aussehen? Wäre es besser nach Einsparmöglichkeiten an Land zu suchen und Alternativen zu erforschen? Viele durchaus strittige Fragen, die wir aus Sicht der Forschung beleuchten wollen.
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/book
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