Call number:
AWI G7-96-0523
In:
Springer series in physical environment, 16
Description / Table of Contents:
Rockglaciers are the visible expression of the creep of mountain permafrost. They are indicative of special geo-ecologic and geomorphic conditions regarding thermal situation, talus production, hydrology, and hazards in high mountain environments of all major mountain systems on earth. As relict features, they are of great paleoclimatic value. This book presents a systematic treatment of this landform in its environmental context.
Type of Medium:
Monograph available for loan
Pages:
XIV, 331 Seiten
,
Illustrationen
,
24 cm
ISBN:
3540607420
,
978-3-642-80095-5
,
978-3-642-80093-1
ISSN:
0937-3047
Series Statement:
Springer series in physical environment 16
Language:
English
Note:
Introduction
1 Definitions
2 Historical Development of the Term Rockglacier
3 Rockglaciers: Description and Morphometry
3.1 General Description
3.2 Form Types
3.3 Morphometric Parameters
3.3.1 Rockglacier Sizes
3.3.2 Tongue-Shaped Rockg1aciers
3.3.3 Lobate Rockg1aciers
3.3.4 Rockglacier Thickness
3.3.5 Surface Relief
3.3.6 Rockglacier Surface and Source Area
4 Rockglacier Taxonomy
5 Rockglacier Distribution
5.1 General Information
5.2 Local Rockglacier Distribution
5.2.1 The Alps
5.2.2 The Mountains of Northern Europe
5.2.3 The Pyrenees
5.2.4 North American Mountains
5.2.5 The Andes of Central and South America
5.2.6 The Mountains of Asia
5.2.7 The Southern Alps
5.2.8 Antarctic Mountains
5.2.9 Conclusions
6 Rockglacier Material, Surficial Fabric and Internal Structure
6.1 Rock Type and Grain Size at and below the Surface
6.1.1 Rock Type
6.1.2 Grain Sizes at the Surface
6.1.3 Development of the Bouldery Mantle
6.1.4 Surface Fabric
6.1.5 Grain Sizes below the Bouldery Mantle
6.2 Internal Structure
6.2.1 Direct Information
6.2.1.1 Excavations, Outcrops, Tunnels
6.2.1.2 Smaller Boreholes
6.2.1.3 The Deep Borehole through the Rockglacier Murtel I
6.2.2 Indirect Information
6.2.2.1 Seismic Information
6.2.2.2 Geoelectric Soundings
6.2.2.3 Radio-Echo Soundings
6.2.2.4 Gravimetry
6.2.2.5 Borehole Geophysics and Related Measurements
6.2.2.6 BTS Measurements
6.2.2.7 Summary: The Inner Core of an Active Rockglacier
6.3 The Active Layer on Rockglaciers
7 Rockglacier Movement, Velocity, and Rheology
7.1 The Horizontal and Vertical Movement of Active Rockglaciers
7.1.1 Measurement Methods
7.1.2 Annual Horizontal Displacement
7.1.3 Long-Term Annual Averages
7.1.4 Long-Term Estimates
7.1.5 Longer Time Series
7.1.6 Monthly and Seasonal Measurements
7.1.7 Vertical Displacement
7.1.8 Conclusion
7.2 Geometry of Movement
7.2.1 The General Flow Patterns of Active Rockglaciers
7.2.1.1 Gruben Rockglacier
7.2.1.2 Macun Rockglacier
7.2.1.3 Arapaho Rockglacier
7.2.2 Horizontal Velocity on Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Profiles
7.2.3 Surface and Subsurface Velocity
7.3 Rheologic Considerations
7.3.1 Shear Stress and Strain Rates in Active Rockglaciers
7.3.2 The Rheological Description of Active Rockglaciers
7.4 Rockglacier Movement and Climate
7.5 Discussion of Rockglacier Movement
8 Rockglacier Genesis and the Relation to Similar-Looking Landforms
8.1 Rockglacier Genesis
8.1.1 The Formation of Active Rockglaciers
8.1.1.1 Talus Rockglaciers
8.1.1.2 Debris Rockglaciers
8.1.1.3 Special Rockglaciers
8.1.1.4 Problematic Cases
8.1.2 Inactive Rockglaciers
8.1.3 Relict (Fossil) Rockglaciers
8.2 Published Hypotheses of Rockglacier Formation
8.2.1 Mass-Movement Hypotheses
8.2.1.1 The Bergsturz Hypothesis in General
8.2.1.2 Landslide Influences
8.2.2 The Glacial Hypothesis
8.2.2.1 Debris-Covered Glaciers and Thermokarst
8.2.2.2 Transition from True Glaciers to Rockglaciers?
8.2.2.3 The Moraine Hypothesis
8.2.3 The Periglacial (Blockstream) Hypothesis
8.3 True Rockglaciers under Wrong Labels
8.3.1 The Ostrem Ice-Cored Moraine Concept
8.3.2 The Protalus Rampart Concept
9 The Age of Rockglaciers
9.1 The Age of Active Rockglaciers
9.2 The Age of Climatic Inactive Rockglaciers
9.3 The Age of Relict (Fossil) Rockglaciers
10 Rockglaciers and the High Mountain Environment
10.1 Active Rockglaciers and Mountain Permafrost
10.2 Rockglaciers in the Coarse Debris Cycle
10.2.1 Rockglaciers and Talus Production
10.2.2 Rockglacier Size and Source Area
10.2.3 Rockglaciers as a Debris Transport System
10.3 Rockglaciers and Climate
10.3.1 Rockglaciers and Present Climate
10.3.2 Relict Rockglaciers and Paleoclimate Reconstruction
10.3.3 Reactivation of Inactive or Relict Rockglaciers
10.3.4 Rockglaciers and Climatic Change
10.4 Rockglaciers in the Alpine Hydrological Cycle
10.4.1 Rockglaciers as a Water Store
10.4.2 Discharge from Rockglacier Permafrost
10.4.3 Fluctuations in Rockglacier Permafrost Storage
10.5 Rockglaciers as Hazards in Alpine Environments
10.6 The Environment of Active Rockglaciers
11 Summary and Outstanding Problems
12 References
Index of Place Names
Subject Index
Location:
AWI Reading room
Branch Library:
AWI Library
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