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  • VAE 120  (25)
  • Universitätsverlag Göttingen  (25)
  • German  (25)
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  • Portuguese
  • 2010-2014  (25)
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  • German  (25)
  • Miscellaneous languages
  • Portuguese
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  • 2010-2014  (25)
Year
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Microscopic study is an indispensable step in the determination of the petrographic characteristics of rocks. In Cameroon just like in most developing countries, simple polarizing microscopes of the 20th Century constitute the only available material for macroscopic studies. A major difficulty encountered in the use of these instruments resides in the realisation of photographs of the different parts of the thin section that require illustrations. The technique that has been used upto now has been inefficient and unsatisfactory. Faced with this recurrent situation, we thought of setting up a new, semi-modern, practical and very economical technique for photographing the thin section.
    Description: conference
    Keywords: 551 ; VAE 120 ; VGB 400 ; VKA 130 ; Methodik {Strukturgeologie} ; Optische Bestimmungsmethoden {Mineralogie} ; Optische Petrographie ; Dünnschliffmikroskopie ; Mikrofotographie
    Language: German
    Type: anthologyArticle , publishedVersion
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  • 2
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    Universitätsverlag Göttingen
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Gruppen von parallel einfallenden Abschiebungen treten in der Natur sehr häufig und in unterschiedlichsten Dimensionen auf. Existierende, überwiegend experimentelle Arbeiten führen einheitliches Einfallen auf laterale Festigkeitsschwankungen oder, vor allem, auf horizontale Scherspannungen zurück (e.g. Brun et al. 1994, Behn et al. 2002). Einheitliche horizontale Scherspannungen im großen Maßstab werden mit einer konsistenten Fließrichtung in der mittleren und/oder unteren Kruste erklärt. Beobachtungen in einigen der bedeutensten Rift-Systeme lassen jedoch beide Erklärungen als zentrale Ursache unwahrscheinlich erscheinen. In der Basin-and-Range-Provinz in den westlichen Vereinigten Staaten ändert sich die Einfallrichtung von parallelen Abschiebungen im Streichen der Störungen, so dass strukturelle Domänen mit intern einheitlicher Einfallrichtung entstehen, die von Blattverschiebungen untereinander getrennt werden. Eine solche Geometrie ließe sich nur mit bizarren Fließmustern in der Unterkruste erklären. Wir präsentieren numerische Extensionsexperimente von sprödem Material, das auf einem linear-viskosen Substrat ruht... In unseren Modell sind parallele Abschiebungen nicht, wie bisher angenommen, auf einheitlichen horizontalen Scherstress, sondern auf vertikale Normalspannungen zurückzuführen, d.h. auf den Widerstand, den das viskose Substrat vertikalen Blockbewegungen in der spröden Lage entgegensetzt. Wenn unser Modell richtig ist, würde das für Gebiete wie die Basin-and- Range-Provinz bedeuten, dass die spröde Oberkruste auf einer wenige Kilometer dicken, viskosen mittleren Kruste liegt, die wiederum ein festeres Substrat hat. Die Unterkruste müsste deutlich fester sein als die mittlere Kruste. Es scheint, dass Folgen von parallelen Abschiebungen häufig in dünnen, niedrig viskosen Lagen (etwa Ton oder Salz) wurzeln.
    Description: conference
    Keywords: 551 ; VAE 830 ; VAE 130 ; VAE 120 ; VBE 000 ; Bruchschollenstrukturen {Geologie} ; Geomechanik ; Methodik {Strukturgeologie} ; Modellierung von Prozessen in der Geosphäre ; Bruchscholle ; Abschiebung 〈Geologie〉 ; Geomechanik ; Numerisches Modell
    Language: German
    Type: anthologyArticle , publishedVersion
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) can serve as a good indicator of strain in deformed carbonate rocks with diamagnetic susceptibility (Owens and Rutter 1978; de Wall 2000). However, the magnetic fabric due to the diamagnetic carbonate minerals is usually very weak and interpretation of the AMS in these rocks is often complicated by the presence of paramagnetic and ferromagnetic phases which overprint the diamagnetic subfabric. For this reason contributions from ferromagnetic and paramagnetic minerals to the AMS should be separated for a reliable interpretation of the AMS. Ferromagnetic contributions to the AMS can be separated by high-field measurements, using a torque magnetometer (Martin- Hernandez and Hirt 2001). The remaining paramagnetic and diamagnetic contributions can be discriminated by their different temperature dependencies. The paramagnetic susceptibility increases as an inverse function of temperature, whereas the diamagnetic part remains constant. Altogether, AMS measurements at high fields and low temperatures allow for the discrimination of all three subfabrics. Test measurements with the high-field torque magnetometer at liquid nitrogen temperature were performed. It is possible to keep the specimens at low temperature over the measurement period using a cryostat. The main problem is the suppression of mechanical disturbances during the measurement so that the sensitivity of the instrument is retained. The torque of paramagnetic minerals increases strongly at low temperature which results in an amplification of the paramagnetic subfabric. The quantitative separation of diamagnetic and paramagnetic subfabric is under investigation. The result is promising when there is a significant diamagnetic signal.
    Description: conference
    Keywords: 551 ; TQB 000 ; TOT 310 ; VAE 120 ; Erdmagnetische Verfahren {Geophysik} ; Gesteinsmagnetismus {Geophysik} ; Methodik {Strukturgeologie} ; Magnetische Suszeptibilität ; Drehmagnetometer
    Language: German
    Type: anthologyArticle , publishedVersion
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Im nördlichen Teil des Appenin in Italien ist der metamorphe Komplex der Alpi Apuane in Form eines tektonischen Fensters sehr gut aufgeschlosssen. Die metamorphen Gesteine der Alpi Apuane — Metakarbonate, Kiesel- und Karbonatschiefer sowie Phyllite — sind aufgrund der Kollision der korsischsardischen Mikroplatte mit der italienischen Halbinsel im mm bis km- Maßstab verfaltet worden. Im zentralen Teil der Alpi Apuane biegt das generelle N–S Streichen der Faltenstrukturen in eine E–W Richtung um. Faltenstrukturen mit senkrecht zueinander stehenden Faltenachsen sind charakteristisches Strukturmerkmal u.a. ‘Metamorpher Kernkomplexe’ und Schlüssel zum Verständnis von Deformationsgeschichte und mechanismen. Die Entwicklung dieser Strukturen wird kontrovers diskutiert...
    Description: conference
    Keywords: 551 ; VEF 200 ; VKB 292 ; VKB 270 ; VKA 200 ; VAE 140 ; VAE 120 ; Italien {Geologie} ; Metamorphe Komplexe, übriges Europa {Petrologie} ; Produkte mechanischer Deformation {Petrologie} ; Gefügekunde der Gesteine ; Gesteinsdeformation {Strukturgeologie} ; Methodik {Strukturgeologie} ; Apuaner Alpen ; Karbonatgestein ; Marmor ; Deformation 〈Geologie〉 ; Faltentektonik ; Gefüge 〈Gesteinskunde〉
    Language: German
    Type: anthologyArticle , publishedVersion
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The Upper Rhine Graben forms the major segment of the Cenozoic Rift system of Western Europe. Although the rift was the target of many seismic and geological investigations, the style of lithospheric extension below the inferred faults, the depth to detachment, and the amounts of horizontal extension and lateral translation are still being debated. In this study, the date base to the Upper Rhine Graben was subjected to a finite element approach in order to include thermomechanical processes of the lithosphere as well as erosion and sedimentation. The study concentrated on the consequences of extension and lateral translational events on the structure and evolution in terms of basin geometry, sediment layer thicknesses, Moho elevation, and shoulder uplift on a lithospheric scale. The numerical approach was three dimensional in order to incorporate the lateral crustal heterogenities in the Upper Rhine area and the varying ambient stress field...
    Description: conference
    Keywords: 551 ; VEB 145 ; VAE 840 ; VAE 400 ; VAE 120 ; VBE 000 ; Rhein-Main-Tiefland {Geologie} ; Rifts {Geologie} ; Tektogenese {Geologie} ; Methodik {Strukturgeologie} ; Modellierung von Prozessen in der Geosphäre ; Oberrheingraben ; Tektonik ; Rifting ; Numerisches Modell
    Language: German
    Type: anthologyArticle , publishedVersion
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Geology as a science has an important visual component and the knowledge of any geologist is deeply linked to visual experience of rock outcrops, thin sections and analytical images. One of the shortcomings of most geological images such as maps, cross sections and outcrop photographs is that they are 2D, while processes geologists are interested in are typically occurring in 3D space. The 3D geometry of faults, fractures and joints is crucial to quantify geological processes related to fracture mechanics, such as hydrothermal mineralization and ground water flow, but also geotechnical problems such as rock mass stability. A number of studies have shown that some geological structures can be described with a scale invariant, fractal distribution. So far these observations on which these findings are based were restricted to one and two dimensions and has been difficult to obtain a full spatial geometric picture of fracture sets from rock outcrops, because much of the rock is not directly accessible. However, without taking into account the spatial distribution of geological structures the true geometry of joint patterns cannot be fully described and scaling laws, fractal or not, cannot be derived. We present images of joint patterns based on datasets acquired by digital photographs which are processed to three dimensional images using the photogrammetry software Siro3D. This technique allows to obtain a highly accurate 3D picture of the visible outcrop. The spatial pattern of joints in nature is investigated using the software SiroJoint. For the analysis of joint systems a large data set was collected from the Heavitree Quarzite at Ormiston Gorge, near Alice Springs. The Heavitree Quartzite is fragmented by a spectacularly regular three-dimensional joint pattern, which is repeated at different scales and therefore represents a perfect laboratory for our investigations (Hobbs 1993). Siro3D generates a spatially fully referenced 3D image from overlapping digital images, such that each pixel of the image is assigned spatial coordinates. The software SiroJoint routinely constructs planes from the intersection of the rock-face with the linear trace of planar features (Poropat 2001). It provides stereographic plots of structural elements and additionally measures joint persistence, area, and joint spacing. Our measurements allow to analyse geometrical scaling relationships of joint sets with high accuracy and will help explore the character of their 3D complexity. Several hundred joint planes were defined with SiroJoint in an Ormiston Gorge outcrop. Three different joint sets can be distinguished. Joint set one and two are characterized by steeply inclined planes with joint spacings ranging between 2 cm to 40 cm and 2 cm to 10m respectively. Both joints sets depict a power law distribution in joint spacing/frequency plots. The third set is defined by a subhorizontal orientation. It shows a very regular spacing in the meter scale and lacks an exponential distribution. We intend to use the results as a basis to compare observed fracture pattern with those generated by computational methods like Iterated Function Systems. This might help to understand how physical rock properties influence the spatial complexity of fracture systems and develop constitutive scaling relationships for certain rock types.
    Description: conference
    Keywords: 551 ; VAE 120 ; VBH 000 ; VAE 150 ; Methodik {Strukturgeologie} ; Fernerkundung ; Strukturelle Erscheinungen {Strukturgeologie} ; Klüftung ; Bruch 〈Geologie〉 ; Photogrammetrie ; Dreidimensionale Rekonstruktion
    Language: German
    Type: anthologyArticle , publishedVersion
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Grain boundary migration during dynamic recrystallization of quartz results in grain boundary suturing of various extent. The geometry of the sutured boundaries is affected not only by temperature, strain rate, finite strain and differential stress, but also by internal properties such as the defect distribution and crystallographic orientations. Consequently, the grain boundary geometry may provide information about these conditions and properties. In continuation of a previous study (Kuntcheva et al.) the complete crystallographic orientation of quartz grain boundaries was measured, based on a combination of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and universal-stage (U-stage) measurements. For this purpose a sample of granite from the northern Aar Massif (Central Alps, Switzerland) was taken, deformed at temperatures up to 300–350°C at the end of the Lepontine event of the Alpine Orogenesis...
    Description: conference
    Keywords: 551 ; VKA 200 ; VAE 120 ; VAE 130 ; Gefügekunde der Gesteine ; Methodik {Strukturgeologie} ; Geomechanik ; Aare-Massiv ; Granitgneis ; Quarz ; Rekristallisationstextur
    Language: German
    Type: anthologyArticle , publishedVersion
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The tectonic history of the Kamchatka Peninsula is dominated by continuous accumulation and amalgamation of terranes with different origins, which were delivered by convergence between the Pacific plate and in former times, the Kula plate against Eurasia (Freitag, 2002). The Kronotsky and Cape Kamchatka Peninsulas show that the collision of terranes and the resulting tectonics are still important for major parts of East-Kamchatka. While the collision of the Kronotsky Peninsula is sorely influenced by the convergence of the Pacific plate, the Cape Kamchatka Peninsula is affected by the collision of the Aleutian Arc with Kamchatka, what gives the opportunity to compare two different processes that resulted in the amalgamation of terranes to Kamchatka.
    Description: conference
    Keywords: 551 ; VEG 190 ; VAE 400 ; VAE 300 ; VAE 120 ; VBJ 000 ; Koriakia-Kamtchatkasystem {Geologie} ; Tektogenese {Geologie} ; Epirogenese {{Geologie}} ; Methodik {Strukturgeologie} ; Satellitenbildgeologie ; Kamtschatka 〈Oblast〉 ; Neotektonik ; Fernerkundung
    Language: German
    Type: anthologyArticle , publishedVersion
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: In den vergangenen Jahren wurden von den Mitgliedern unseres Departments mehrere Feldstudien über elektromagnetische Emissionen in tektonisch aktiven Regionen durchgeführt. Die Untersuchungsgebiete lagen in Südspanien, Sizilien, Malta, Eger-Graben/Tschechische Republik und die Provence/Frankreich als auch in Süd-Chile. Das Ziel dieser Untersuchungen war die Erfassung der größten horizontalen Spannungs-Richtung in der oberen Erdkruste. Dazu wurden die Intensität des elektromagnetischen Feldes in Bezug zu der Orientierung einer Richtantenne gemessen. Diese Ergebnisse wurden mit aktiven Stress-Richtungen verglichen die aus Doorstopper-Messungen, Bohrloch- Randausbrüchen, Herdflächenlösungen und neotektonischen Strukturanalysen gewonnen wurden. Die Richtungen der größten Horizontalspannungen stimmen sehr gut mit der Orientierung der maximalen elektromagnetischen Emission überein.
    Description: conference
    Keywords: 551 ; VAE 120 ; VAE 130 ; TQD 000 ; Methodik {Strukturgeologie} ; Geomechanik ; Elektrische Verfahren {Geophysik} ; Erdkruste ; Spannung 〈Geologie〉 ; Spannungszustand ; Elektromagnetisches Verfahren
    Language: German
    Type: anthologyArticle , publishedVersion
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The multidetector texture diffractometer SKAT (from Russian: Spektrometer Kolitshestvennovo Analiza Tekstury) at the pulsed reactor IBR-2 in Dubna, Russia, started operation in March 1997 and is open for users from all countries. Application of time-of-flight (TOF) diffraction to texture measurements offers the opportunity to record complete diffraction patterns, i.e., to measure several pole figures simultaneously. To allow high spectral resolution for measurements on polyphase geological samples with many diffraction patterns, the instrument was placed at the end of an over 100m long flight path. In this paper, we will summarize advantages and disadvantages of the SKAT, as well as intended improvements.
    Description: conference
    Keywords: 551 ; VAE 120 ; VGA 440 ; VGB 900 ; VKA 200 ; Methodik {Strukturgeologie} ; Sonstige Methoden {Mineralogie: Kristallographie} ; Sonstige: Luminiszens etc. {Mineralogie} ; Gefügekunde der Gesteine ; Dubna ; SKAT ; Neutronendiffraktrometer ; Neutronendiffraktrometrie ; Texturanalyse
    Language: German
    Type: anthologyArticle , publishedVersion
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