ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: Bereits zum zweiten Mal wird im Rahmen des KlimaCampus Hamburg der aktuelle Forschungsstand zum Klimawandel in der Hamburger Metropolregion und Norddeutschland systematisch dokumentiert. Erfahren Sie auf Basis der Fachliteratur, in welchem Maße Konsens hinsichtlich des Klimawandels in Norddeutschland besteht. Inwieweit sind Entwicklungen bereits messbar, welche Auswirkungen zeigen sich bereits heute und wie kann sich die Region vor negativen Folgen des Klimawandels schützen? Die über 70 Autoren haben die Forschungsergebnisse zu diesen Fragen systematisch zusammengetragen. Die Übereinstimmung bzw. Widersprüchlichkeit des derzeitigen Wissens wurde dabei herausgearbeitet, Erkenntnisgewinne gegenüber dem ersten Hamburger Klimabericht lokalisiert und weiterhin bestehender Forschungsbedarf aufgezeigt. Alle Beiträge wurden einem wissenschaftlichen Begutachtungsprozess unterzogen, der von einem Lenkungsausschuss überwacht wurde. Die Dokumentation belegt umfassend eine bereits stattfindende Erwärmung in der Metropolregion Hamburg und in Norddeutschland sowie einen Meeresspiegelanstieg an Nord- und Ostsee. Mit der Erwärmung zeichnen sich deutliche Änderungen im Ökosystem ab. Diese bereits eingetretenen Entwicklungen können sich künftig weiter verstärken. Erfahren Sie, welche Auswirkungen dies für Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft hat. Dieses Buch ist eine Open-Acess-Publikation unter einer CC BY-NC 4.0 Lizenz

Description / Table of Contents: Inhalt --- Abkürzungsverzeichnis --- Glossar --- Zusammenfassung --- 1. Einleitung --- 1.1 Ressourceneffizienz --- 1.2 Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Ressourceneffizienz-Bewertung mit der ESSENZ-Methode --- 2. Ablauf der Ressourceneffizienz-Bewertung mit der ESSENZ-Methode --- 3. Modellierung des Produktsystems --- 3.1 Ziel und Untersuchungsrahmen --- 3.2 Sachbilanz --- 4. Methodik zur Bewertung der Ressourceneffizienz-Dimensionen --- 4.1 Methodik zur Bewertung der Verfügbarkeit von Metallen und fossilen Rohstoffen --- 4.2 Methodik zur Bewertungen der gesellschaftlichen Akzeptanz --- 4.3 Methodik zur Bewertung der Umweltauswirkungen --- 4.4 Bewertung des Nutzen --- 5. Berechnung der Ressourceneffizienz --- 5.1 Allgemeines Vorgehen --- 5.2 Berechnung der Verfügbarkeit für Metalle und fossile Rohstoffe --- 5.3 Berechnung der gesellschaftlichen Akzeptanz --- 5.4 Berechnungen der Umweltauswirkungen --- 5.5 Ermittlung der Ressourceneffizienz --- 6. Interpretation der Ergebnisse --- 6.1 Unsicherheiten in der Bewertung --- 6.2 Interpretation der Verfügbarkeit --- 6.3 Interpretation der gesellschaftlichen Akzeptanz --- 6.4 Interpretation der Umweltbewertung --- 6.5 Interpretation der ermittelten Ressourceneffizienz --- 6.6 Interpretation des Gesamtergebnisses --- 7. Aggregation zum Vergleich von Produktalternativen --- 8. Fazit und Ausblick --- 9. Referenzen --- Anhang 1 – Charakterisierungsfaktoren für Metalle und fossile Rohstoffe --- Anhang 2 - Wirkungsindikatorbeträge --- Anhang 3 – Distance-to-Target-Werte --- Anhang 4 – Globale Produktionsdaten --- Anhang 5 – Maximale normalisierte Distance-to-Target-Werte --- Anhang 6 – Normalisierte Distance-to-Target-Werte --- Anhang 7 – Auswertung der Stakeholder-Befragung --- Anhang 8 – Darstellung der Berechnung der Charakterisierungsfaktoren am Beispiel Silber

Description / Table of Contents: Introduction: Understanding the Complexities of Eating, Drinking, and Surviving --- Globalization and Malnutrition: Geographical Perspectives on Its Paradoxes --- Drinking Water --- The Politics and Consequences of Virtual Water Export --- Integrated Water Resources Management as a New Approach to Water Security --- Surviving as an Unequal Community: WASH for Those on the Margins --- Challenges to Food Security in a Changing World --- Moral Economies of Food in the Socialist/Post-socialist World --- The Nutrition Transition in Developing Asia: Dietary Change, Drivers and Health Impacts. Food Sovereignty and the Possibilities for an Equitable, Just and Sustainable Food System --- Food Security and Food Waste

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Environmental Governance of the Baltic Sea: Identifying Key Challenges Research Topics and Analytical Approaches. Part 1: Interdisciplinary Case Studies of Environmental Governance --- Chapter 2. Eutrophication and the Ecosystem Approach to Management: A Case Study of Baltic Sea Environmental Governance --- Chapter 3. Fisheries: A Case Study of Baltic Sea Environmental Governance --- Chapter 4. Biological Invasions: a Case Study of Baltic Sea Environmental Governance --- Chapter 5. Governance of Chemicals in the Baltic Sea Region: A Study of Three Generations of Hazardous Substances --- Chapter 6. Oil Spills from Shipping: A Case Study of the Governance of Accidental Hazards and Intentional Pollution in the Baltic Sea --- Part 2: Cross-Case Analysis of Key Environmental Governance Challenges --- Chapter 7. The Ecosystem Approach to Management in Baltic Sea Governance: Towards Increased Reflexivity? --- Chapter 8. Science-Policy Interfaces in Baltic Sea Environmental Governance: Towards Regional Cooperation and Management of Uncertainty? --- Chapter 9. Risk Communication and the Role of the Public: Towards Inclusive Environmental Governance of the Baltic Sea? --- Chapter 10. Seeking Pathways Towards Improved Environmental Governance of the Baltic Sea

Description / Table of Contents: Part I The Road to Reconstruction from the Tsunami and Radioactive Contamination: Two and a Half Years On --- 1 Dealing with Disasters of Unprecedented Magnitude: The Local Government’s Tribulations and the Road to Reconstruction (Hidekiyo Tachiya) --- 2 Tokyo University of Agriculture East Japan Assistance Project Assisting with Reconstruction: Guiding Principles, Planning, and Propagation of Benefits (Toshiyuki Monma) --- 3 Characteristics of the Agricultural and Forestry Industries in the Soma Area and Damage Sustained as a Result of the Great East Japan Earthquake (Takahiro Yamada, Puangkaew Lurhathaiopath, and Toshiyuki Monma) --- Part II Reconstruction from Tsunami Damage --- 4 Reconstruction Support for the Farmland Struck by Tsunami (Itsuo Goto and Kaisei Inagaki) --- 5 Tsunami Damage to Farming Operations and the New Generation of Farmers and Farm Management (Yukio Shibuya, Takahiro Yamada, Nyamkhuu Batdelger, Puangkaew Lurhathaiopath, Gentaro Suzumura, and Toshiyuki Monma) --- 6 Presenting a Model for Revival of Rural Communities in Japan’s Disaster Zones (Shigeyuki Miyabayashi, Yasushi Takeuchi, Hiromu Okazawa, Tomonori Fujikawa, and Yutaka Sasaki) --- 7 Contributing to Restoration of Tidal Flats in Miyagi Prefecture’s Moune Bay Following the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami (Susumu Chiba, Takeshi Sonoda, Makoto Hatakeyama, and Katsuhide Yokoyama) --- Part III Reconstruction from Radioactive Contamination --- 8 Initiatives by the Soil Fertilization Team to Develop Agricultural Technologies for Paddy Fields with Radioactive Contamination (Itsuo Goto and Kaisei Inagaki) --- 9 The Potential for Producing Rice for Feed and Whole Crop Rice Silage in Radiation-Contaminated Areas (Seiji Nobuoka) --- 10 Developing and Trialing a System to Monitor Radionuclide in Individual Plots of Farmland to Help Reconstruction Farming in Contaminated Areas (Toshiyuki Monma, Puangkaew Lurhathaiopath, Youichi Kawano, Dambii Byambasuren, Yuta Ono, and Quar Evine) --- 11 New Decontamination Methods for Parks and Other Areas in Which Radionuclide Have Accumulated (Mitsuo Kondo and Chizuko Mizuniwa) --- 12 Forest Restoration (Takahisa Hayashi) --- 13 Nuclear Radiation Levels in the Forest at Minamisoma, Fukushima Prefecture (Iwao Uehara, Tomoko Seyama, Fumio Eguchi, Ryuichi Tachibana, Yukito Nakamura, and Hiroya Obayashi ) --- 14 Radioactive Contamination of Ostriches in a Potentially Permanent Evacuation Zone (Hiroshi Ogawa, Hidehiko Uchiyama, Koji Masuda, Takeshi Sasaki, Tadao Watanabe, Toshiaki Tomizawa, and Schu Kawashima) --- 15 The Radioactive Contamination in Some Arthropod Species in Fukushima (Tarô Adati and Sota Tanaka) --- 16 A Consumer Survey Approach to Reputation-Based Damage Affecting Agricultural Products and How to Overcome It (Puangkaew Lurhathaiopath, Shizuka Matsumoto, Makoto Hoshi, Sayaka Yamaguchi, and Toshiyuki Monma) --- Part IV Activities and Impressions of Students and Farmers Who Supported the Project --- 17 Staking Recovery Hopes on Soma Revival Rice (Kaisei Inagaki, Tomoko Ninagi, Saburo Sasaki, and Akiko Sato) --- 18 Impression of the Students Participated in the Radioactivity Monitoring System of Farmland (Volodymyr Ganzha, Keiji Kanamori, Hana Fujimoto, and Ryo Itakura) --- 19 Impression of the Forestry managers and students participated in the Radioactivity Damage Investigation of Forests (Eihachi Horiuchi, Kiyoaki Sasaki, Masaaki Itakura, Chisato Yasukawa, and Chihiro Kinoshita)

Description / Table of Contents: Introduction --- The Jordan Valley --- Projections And Objectives --- Meeting The Strategic Planning Objectives --- The Year 2050 --- Final Conclusions And Recommendations --- Colophon.

Description / Table of Contents: Part I The Urban Heat Island – Evidence, Measures and Tools --- Forecasting Models for Urban Warming in Climate Change --- Assessment Indication and Gold Standard --- Methodologies for UHI Analysis --- Decision Support Systems for Urban Planning --- Part II Pilot Actions in European Cities --- Counteracting Urban Heat Islands: Solutions for European Cities.

Description / Table of Contents: PART I: Ester Boserup’s Intellectual Heritage --- 1. Ester Boserup: An Interdisciplinary Visionary Relevant for Sustainability --- 2. “Finding Out Is My Life”: Conversations with Ester Boserup in the 1990s --- 3. Boserup’s Theory on Technological Change as a Point of Departure for the Theory of Sociometabolic Regime Transition --- PART II Land Use, Technology and Agriculture --- 4. The Dwindling Role of Population Pressure in Land Use Change – a Case from the South West Pacific --- 5. Conceptual and Empirical Approaches to Mapping and Quantifying Land-Use Intensity --- 6. Malthusian Assumptions, Boserupian Response in Transition to Agriculture Models --- 7. Reconciling Boserup with Malthus: Agrarian Change and Soil Degradation in Olive Orchards in Spain (1750-2000) --- 8. Beyond Boserup: The Role of Working Time in Agricultural Development --- PART III: Population and Gender --- 9. Following Boserup’s Traces: From Invisibility to Informalisation of Women’s Economy to Engendering Development in Translocal Spaces --- 10. Daughters of the Hills: Gendered Agricultural Production, Modernisation, and Declining Child Sex Ratios in the Indian Central Himalayas --- 11. Revisiting Boserup’s Hypotheses in the Context of Africa --- 12. An Interpretation of Large-Scale Land Deals Using Boserup’s Theories of Agricultural Intensification, Gender and Rural Development --- 13. Labour Migration and Gendered Agricultural Asset Shifts in Southeastern Mexico: Two Stories of Farming Wives and Daughters --- 14. Working Time of Farm Women and Small-Scale Sustainable Farming in Austria --- 15. A Human Ecological Approach to Ester Boserup: Steps Towards Engendering Agriculture and Rural Development --- 16. Conclusions: Re-Evaluating Boserup in the Light of the Contributions to this Volume

Description / Table of Contents: MARINE CARBON CYCLE --- Global Scale --- Characterization of Ocean Productivity Using a New Physical-Biological Coupled Ocean Model / K. Nakata, T. Doi, K. Taguchi and S. Aoki / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 1-44 --- Natural Radiocarbon Distribution in the Deep Ocean / K. Matsumoto and R. M. Key / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 45-58 --- Equatorial Region --- Variability of Surface Layer CO2 Parameters in the Western and Central Equatorial Pacific / M. Ishii, S. Saito, T. Tokieda, T. Kawano, K. Matsumoto and H. Y. Inoue / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 59-94 --- Settling Particles Flux in Response to El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the Equatorial Pacific / H. Kawahata and L. P. Gupta / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 95-108 --- Particulate Amino Acids and Biogeochemical Processes in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean during the 1999-2001 La Niña Event / L. P. Gupta and H. Kawahata / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 109-120 --- Floral Response of Coccolithophores to Progressive Oligotrophication in the South Equatorial Current, Pacific Ocean / K. Hagino and H. Okada / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 121-132 --- Coccolith Carbonate Fluxes in the Northwest Pacific Ocean / Y. Tanaka / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 133-146 --- Western Pacfic --- Artificial Radionuclides in the Western North Pacific: A Review / G. H. Hong, M. Baskaran and P. P. Povinec / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 147-172 --- Material Transport Processes on the Continental Margin in the East China Sea / M. Yamada / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 173-187 --- Cadmium Distribution in the Western Pacific / K. Abe / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 189-203 --- Ocean Environments in Response to Climatic Change --- Climate Reconstructions from Annually Banded Corals / T. Felis and J. Pätzold / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 205-227 --- Reef Water CO2 System and Carbon Production of Coral Reefs: Topographic Control of System-Level Performance / A. Suzuki and H. Kawahata / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 229-248 --- Chemistry of Benthic Foraminiferal Shells for Recording Ocean Environments: Cd/Ca, d13C and Mg/Ca / K. Tachikawa and H. Elderfield / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 249-263 --- Have the Tropical Pacific Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions Behaved as a Driver of Centennial- to Orbital-Scale Climate Changes? / M. Yamamoto / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 265-278 --- Long Term Variations of Uranium Isotopes and Radiocarbon in the Surface Seawater Recorded in Corals / Y. Yokoyama and T. M. Esat / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 279-309 --- TERRESTRIAL CARBON CYCLE --- A Multi-Scale Analysis of a National Terrestrial Carbon Budget and the Effects of Land-Use Change / C. M. Trotter, K. R. Tate, S. Saggar, N. A. Scott and M. A. Sutherland / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 311-341 --- Global Mapping of Terrestrial Primary Productivity and Light-Use Efficiency with a Process-Based Model / A. Ito and T. Oikawa / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 343-358 --- Carbon and Nitrogen Accumulation in a Savanna Landscape: Field and Modeling Perspectives / S. Archer, T. W. Boutton and C. R. McMurtry / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 359-373 --- Estimating Dynamics of CO2 Flux in Agro-Ecosystems based on Synergy of Remote Sensing and Process Modeling-A Methodological Study / Y. Inoue and A. Olioso / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 375-390 --- Changes in Productivity of East and South Asian Countries in the 21st Century: Regional Trends According to Climate Change / K. Okamoto, M. Yokozawa and H. Kawashima / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 391-399 --- A Preliminary Study on the Carbon Dynamics of China's Forest Ecosystems in the Past 20 Years / P. Gong, J. Chen and M. Xu / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 401-410 --- Retrieval of Forest Fire History in Far East Asia by Remote Sensing and Its Analysis with Biomass Burning Simulation and Climate Anomalies / J. Kuçera and Y. Yasuoka / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 411-424 --- Potential of Woody Carbon Stock Estimation Using High Spatial Resolution Imagery: A Case Study of Spruce Stands / Y. Awaya, S. Tsuyuki, E. Kodani and G. Takao / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 425-440 --- Multi-Temporal MODIS Data Product for Carbon Cycles Research / Z. Dafang, L. Ronggao and S. Runhe / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 441-451 --- Photosynthetic Characteristics of Mixed Deciduous-Broadleaf Forests from Leaf to Stand / T. Koike, S. Kitaoka, T. Ichie, T. T. Lei and M. Kitao / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 453-472 --- Effect of Free-Air CO2 Enrichment on Structures of Weed Communities and CO2 Exchange at the Flood-Water Surface in a Rice Paddy Field / H. Koizumi, T. Kibe, T. Nakadai, Y. Yazaki, M. Adachi, M. Inatomi, M. Kondo and T. Ohtsuka / Global Environmental Change in the Ocean and on Land, / pp. 473-485

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Physical and Geological Oceanography --- Hydrography in the RSA during the RT/V Umitaka-Maru Cruises / J. Yoshida, M. Matsuyama, T. Senjyu, T. Ishimaru, T. Morinaga, H. Arakawa, A. Kamatani, M. Maeda, A. Otsuki, S. Hashimoto, I. Kasuga, Y. Koike, Y. Mine, Y. Kurita, A. Kitazawa, A. Noda, T. Hayashi, T. Miyazaki, and K. Takahashi / pp. 1-22 --- Vertical structure of a current and density front in the Strait of Hormuz / M. Matsuyama, Y. Kitade, T. Senjyu, Y. Koike, and T. Ishimaru / pp. 23-34 --- High salinity lens from the Strait of Hormuz / T. Senjyu, T. Ishimaru, M. Matsuyama, and Y. Koike / pp. 35-48 --- Distribution of Turbidity in the ROPME Sea Area / Y. Arakawa, T. Hirawake, and T. Morinaga / pp. 49-63 --- Mineralogy, genesis and sources of surficial sediments in the ROPME Sea Area / A. N. Al-Ghadban, A. M. Al-Dousari, A. Al-Kadi, M. Behbehani, and P. Caceres / pp. 65-88 --- Chapter 2. Chemical Oceanography --- Concentrations of bromide and chloride ions and their relationships with salinity in the central region of the ROPME Sea Area / A. Otsuki, K. Nagaoka, S. Hashimoto, R. Tsujimoto, T. Senjyu, and Y. Koike / pp. 89-98 --- Distribution of nutrient, nitrous oxide and chlorophyll a of RSA: Extremely high ratios of nitrite to nitrate in whole water column / S. Hashimoto, R. Tsujimoto, M. Maeda, T. Ishimaru, J. Yoshida, Y. Takasu, Y. Koike, Y. Mine, A. Kamatani, and A. Otsuki / pp. 99-124 --- Levels of mercury in the marine environment of the ROPME area / N. B. Al-Majed and W. A. Rajab / pp. 125-147 --- Metal concentrations in sediment samples collected during Umitaka-Maru Cruises in 1993-1994 / I. Alam, A. A. Al-Arfaj, and M. Sadiq / pp. 149-159 --- Trace metals in the finest fraction of surface sediments from the inner part of ROPME Sea Area / M. Maeda, H. Akitake, I. Kamiya, F. Shibata, and A. Kamatani / pp. 161-180 --- Chapter 3. Biological Oceanography --- Primary production in the ROPME Sea Area / T. Hirawake, K. Tobita, T. Ishimaru, H. Satoh, and T. Morinaga / pp. 181-191 --- Post-spill spatial distribution of zooplankton in the ROPME Sea Area. / F. Al-Yamani, K. Al-Rifaie, H. Al-Mutairi, and W. Ismail / pp. 193-202 --- Aspects of reproduction in the pearl oyster, Pinctada radiata (Leach). / S. A. A. Khamdan / pp. 203-214 --- Chapter 4. Marine pollution --- Distribution of n-alkanes and heterocyclic sulfur compounds in the central region of the ROPME Sea Area (Persian Gulf) / R. Tsujimoto, S. Hashimoto, and A. Otsuki / pp. 215-230 --- Distribution of organotin compounds in fish and the ratio of phenyl-tin to total organic-tin in the ROPME Sea Area / M. Watanabe, S. Hashimoto, K. Fujita, and A. Otsuki / pp. 231-244 --- Toxicity of dibenzothiophene and its distribution in the eastern coast of Japan and northwestern coast of the ROPME Sea Area / J. Koyama, and R. Kuroshima / pp. 245-256 --- Levels of trace metals and hydrocarbons in fish from the ROPME Sea Area / N. B. Al-Majed, F. Al-Safar, W. A. Rajab, M. S. Farhan, and E. Al-Ruqaab / pp. 257-279 --- Appendix: Technical reports --- Study of phytoplankton in ROPME Sea Area / M. Husain, and S. Ibrahim / pp. 281-301 --- Distribution of copepoda in the ROPME Sea Area 1994 / M. Al-Khabbaz, and A. M. Fahmi / pp. 303-318