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  • environnement  (22)
  • Collège de France  (13)
  • Éditions de la Maison des sciences de l’homme  (9)
  • French  (22)
  • 2020-2024  (22)
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Language
  • French  (22)
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  • 2020-2024  (22)
Year
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Après 4,5 milliards d’années d’évolution, notre planète s’épuise du fait de l’exploitation intensive des énergies fossiles et de l’eau, de la surconsommation d’engrais agricoles et de la déforestation. Elle pourrait vivre la plus importante des extinctions massives. Observer les organismes avec lesquels nous cohabitons permet de mieux comprendre les fonctions de chacun et de percevoir l’ampleur des phénomènes en cours, qui engagent dès à présent l’avenir de l’humanité : perte de la biodiversité, dégradation des écosystèmes, changement climatique, épidémies. Face à ce constat alarmant, les scientifiques ont un rôle déterminant à jouer : produire des modèles et formuler des prédictions pour susciter des actions politiques concrètes.
    Keywords: environnement ; biodiversité ; changement climatique ; ressources naturelles ; océan ; biologie ; écosystèmes ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology::RNCB Biodiversity ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNK Conservation of the environment
    Language: French
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Pour préserver la biodiversité et les nombreux services qu’elle nous rend, nous devons comprendre comment elle s’est formée et quels sont les facteurs jouant sur sa dynamique. La théorie de l’évolution par sélection naturelle offre un paradigme très puissant pour expliquer pourquoi le monde vivant est tel qu’il est, comment la biodiversité se forme, quelle est sa dynamique, et enfin comment les populations arrivent à s’adapter ou non à un environnement changeant. Face à la menace du changement climatique et au déclin rapide de la biodiversité qu’il entraîne, les sciences de l’écologie et de l’évolution sont essentielles pour mesurer l’ampleur de la crise actuelle et ses conséquences sur les sociétés humaines.
    Keywords: environnement ; écologie ; biodiversité ; génétique ; changement climatique ; adaptation ; évolution ; sciences du vivant ; écosystèmes ; reproduction ; services écosystémiques ; sélection naturelle ; sciences de l'écologie ; sciences de l'évolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology::RNCB Biodiversity ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNK Conservation of the environment
    Language: French
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  • 3
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    Éditions de la Maison des sciences de l’homme
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The plan to extend the TGV high-speed rail link from Lyon to Marseille was a major scientific challenge, comprising 300 km of transect through archeologically highly-sensitive areas and notably the Rhone corridor — a key western European trunk route since prehistoric times. A rescue operation unprecedented in terms of its size and complexity was initiated to take up the challenge and in this volume, Odile Maufras presents the results of the campaign covering the medieval period. No less than 14 separate digs focused on sites of non-village rural occupation from the seventh to the fifteenth centuries. The sites are first described in a series of concise monographs whose standardized layout will help readers easily find their way. The second part studies key environmental aspects, material culture and cultural practices in a series of well-documented and presented overviews and analytical articles. The work throws new light on the sort of isolated habitats which are generally so difficult to pinpoint and updates the geographical and environmental picture of the central Rhone valley. It returns to the question of a break between late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, while at the same time refining our knowledge of organizational development in the countryside.
    Keywords: élevage ; culture ; environnement ; artisanat ; écologie ; alimentation ; architecture ; mobilier ; archéologie préventive ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NK Archaeology
    Language: French
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  • 4
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    Éditions de la Maison des sciences de l’homme
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The Aubrac plateau and its foothills have been studied by a multi-disciplinary team of archaeologists, historians, ethnologists and environmentalists. This research has shown that the region, despite its reputation as a hostile environment for humans, has a surprisingly rich archaeological potential. Numerous written documents and an exceptionally well preserved environment allowed the spatiotemporal framework of this research to be defined. This work shows how the Domerie (hospital) of Aubrac, which amassed numerous pasturelands, fossilized the habitat since the High Middle Ages. It presents the forms of agropastoral habitats that existed during the 11th to 13th centuries, which is one of the major themes of this study. Through the study of permanent (was) and temporary (buron) agricultural exploitation sites, located between 1100 and 1300 m altitude, it contributes to our knowledge of a rural mountain society during the Middle Ages.
    Keywords: monastère ; environnement ; habitat rural ; seigneurie ; pastoralisme ; verrerie ; buron ; Domerie ; proto-industrie ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NK Archaeology
    Language: French
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  • 5
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    Collège de France
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Partie de sa niche éco-géographique africaine, l’espèce Homo sapiens a étendu son emprise sur l’ensemble de la planète au cours de son expansion, entraînant une perte de la biodiversité et la disparition d’autres espèces humaines, comme les Néandertaliens, avec lesquelles elle a parfois coexisté. Comment notre espèce s’est-elle ainsi imposée ? Était-elle réellement plus avancée que les autres formes d’humanité qui ont évolué parallèlement à elle ? Cette leçon inaugurale tente de définir Homo sapiens, de l’évolution de ses traits morphologiques et physiques à ses capacités cognitives, en passant par la maîtrise de certaines technologies.
    Keywords: Homo sapiens ; paléoanthropologie ; espèce humaine ; environnement ; adaptation ; évolution ; origine ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDG Industrial applications of scientific research and technological innovation ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBX Palaeontology
    Language: French
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  • 6
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    Éditions de la Maison des sciences de l’homme
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The abundance of megaliths on the cost of Brittany has hidden for a long time the existence of megaliths inside the peninsula This work summarizes four years on the field (1982-1985) and brings new informations about this type of architecture, ignored until now, through three monuments from the Neolithic and the Bronze Age. Laboratory studies add to classical field data informations allowing to replace the megaliths in their environment and to demonstrate the existence of an economic system based upon exchange, ending the myth of autarky inside “the large forest”. This work also analyses modem acculturations of these monuments settled in an area where celtic and arthurian legend is still very much alive.
    Keywords: Néolithique ; géologie ; environnement ; Bretagne ; paléoenvironnement ; funéraire ; mobilier ; tumulus ; mégalithe ; Brocéliande ; Ploërmelais ; Paimpont ; Campénéac ; Néant-sur-Yvel ; Guer-Coëtquidan ; palynologie ; menhir ; allée couverte ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NK Archaeology
    Language: French
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  • 7
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    Éditions de la Maison des sciences de l’homme
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Stéphanie Thiébault is a Research Fellow with the CNRS. In this work, based upon her doctoral thesis, the author considers the relationship between Man and the plant world during the Holocene period and examines this era of significant cultural change along a south-north axis from the Mediterranean to the Savoy. This comprehensive study is the first of its kind to be carried out in the area for this period: over 10,000 charcoal samples, taken from six highly-stratified deposits in the south-western Pre-Alps are analysed and the wood species identified. As a result, this book is also an excellent introduction to the methods of anthracology (the identifying of wood species from charcoal remains). The author assesses the method’s potential for ecological reconstructions of ancient landscapes and climates, as well as its implications for palaeethnology. Conceived as the first stage of a larger project, this study lays the ground-work for future discussion of palaeobotany in the regions examined.
    Keywords: environnement ; ethnobotanique ; Sarrasins ; paléobotanique ; anthracologie ; Préalpes ; Unang ; Coufin ; Balme-Rousse ; Saint-Thibaud-de-Coue ; Tardiglaciaire ; Postglaciaire ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NK Archaeology
    Language: French
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  • 8
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    Éditions de la Maison des sciences de l’homme
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Within the framework of conferences dedicated to the neolithic period, the 16th meeting which took place in 1989 (Archaeology Year), was oriented towards the general public rather than professionals. It was organised to expose recent results of research on daily life, in particular settlements, food production, the environment, techniques concerning ceramic production and the working of bone and lithic material. If specialists can find in these important publications precisions such as the caracterisation of the Blicquy group, the non-specialist can discover the impact of man on the mediterranean forest and the environment of western Armonica; and amongst others, a panorama of the bone industry up to the Bronze age. This diversified approach is a witness to the dynamism ans the quality of recent research on the Neolithic.
    Keywords: Néolithique ; environnement ; habitat ; alimentation ; céramique ; silex ; roches dures ; os ; groupe culturel ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NK Archaeology
    Language: French
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  • 9
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    Éditions de la Maison des sciences de l’homme
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Produced following a colloquium held in Perpignan by the Association archéologique des Pyrénées-Orientales, this volume assembles the contributions of 42 researchers of the Languedoc-Roussillon region and adjoining Spanish Catalonia and Aragon. The via Domitia and the via Augusta, two of the most famous roman roads, are treated successively, each section being preceeded by explanatory maps and notices for each of the road stations traversed. The third part examins the structure of these roads and their impact on the organisation of the landscape and discusses the organisation and presentation of conserved sections. A bibliography, general and thematic, as well as a listing comprising the data concerning road itineries concludes this volume, which reviews recent research, an essential work of reference.
    Keywords: environnement ; paysage ; patrimoine ; Gaule ; Espagne ; militaire ; voie ; Antiquité romaine ; station ; itinéraire ; cadastration ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: French
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  • 10
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    Éditions de la Maison des sciences de l’homme
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Que faut-il conserver ? Quel est le sens d'un héritage ? Comment s'accomplit la transmission, et au nom de quoi ? C'est l'éclatement de l'idée de patrimoine. A la charnière entre l'individu, la famille et la collectivité, le patrimoine reste l'objet de représentations et d'intérêts les plus divers, et sa gestion met en jeu l'avenir des sociétés. Les formes de représentation des symboles culturels, le gel des territoires, la protection des espèces menacées, entraînent des stratégies qui appellent la nécessité d'une éthique. Tenu au Collège international de Philosophie, le séminaire «Patrimoines», dirigé par H.P. Jeudy a présenté dans des domaines aussi différents que la génétique animale, la gestion des ressources naturelles, l'économie, l'art, le traitement des paysages, l'ethnologie urbaine, l'héritage politique... des conférences de M. Abélès, G. Althabe, G. Augustins, L.F. Baeta Neves Flores, A. Cauquelin, J.L. Déotte, A. Duarte Rodrigues, A. Gotman, M. Guillaume, I. Joseph, B. Lassus, M. Le Bot, J.C. Lefeuvre, S. Le Poulichet, J.P. Milot, J. de Montgolfier, K. Pomian, J.P. Renard, P. Sansot, D. Vanoni.
    Keywords: H1-99 ; conservation ; philosophie ; culture ; protection ; génétique ; patrimoine ; environnement ; France ; monuments historiques ; ressources ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: French
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