ALBERT

Description: 3D reflection seismic data were acquired using the P-Cable system of the National Oceanographic Centre, Southampton, UK during cruise 178 Leg 2 onboard RRS Charles Darwin between the 5th and 8th of April 2006. The responsible PI's was C. Berndt, Southampton Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK. The aim of this cruise was to map submarine landslides on the eastern slopes of the Eivissa Channel, western Mediterranean Sea located between the islands of Ibiza-Formentera and the Spanish mainland. Berndt et al. (2012) used the acquired data to study repeated slope failure linked to fluid migration, while Lafuerza et al. (2012) studied geotechnical aspects of slope stability using this as additional data. Acquisition parameters: The source during seismic acquisition consisted of four 40 in3 Bolt 600B air guns spaced 0.75 m apart and tower at a depth of 1.5 m about 20 m behind the stern of the vessel (Berndt et al., 2012). The air guns are fitted with wave shape kits that emit approximately 10 in3 of air prior to the main volume to reduce the bubble pulse. The air pressure is 2000 psi, and the gun controller triggers the guns to figure every 7 seconds. The data were collected with 11 single-channel analogue streamers that were towed 10 m apart. The seismic cube in the Eivissa Channel covers an area of ca. 14 km2 (ca. 6.4 EW x 2.2 NS km) located at 306091.83 4280497.41; 305951.42 4278353.92; 312321.94 4277936.57 in UTM zone 31N. 3D seismic processing: Data were frequency filtered from 45 to 220 Hz and binned at 10 m bin interval before a Stolt time migration with a migration velocity of 1500 ms-1 was carried out. The resolution of the data is approximately 5-6 m vertically and for the 10 m inline and crossline spacing the horizontal resolution is 10-15 m (Berndt et al., 2012). Seismic data acquisition was performed between 10:05 PM on the 5th of April until 08:30 PM on the 7th of April 2006 (CD178 cruise report). The seismic cube is located at water depths of 550 to 825 m from east to west. Raw data is available here:doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.943523.

Description: 3D reflection seismic data were acquired using the P-Cable system of the National Oceanographic Centre, Southampton, UK during cruise 178 Leg 2 onboard RRS Charles Darwin between the 5th and 8th of April 2006. The responsible PI's was C. Berndt, Southampton Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK. The aim of this cruise was to map submarine landslides on the eastern slopes of the Eivissa Channel, western Mediterranean Sea located between the islands of Ibiza-Formentera and the Spanish mainland. Berndt et al. (2012) used the acquired data to study repeated slope failure linked to fluid migration, while Lafuerza et al. (2012) studied geotechnical aspects of slope stability using this as additional data. Acquisition parameters: The source during seismic acquisition consisted of four 40 in3 Bolt 600B air guns spaced 0.75 m apart and tower at a depth of 1.5 m about 20 m behind the stern of the vessel (Berndt et al., 2012). The air guns are fitted with wave shape kits that emit approximately 10 in3 of air prior to the main volume to reduce the bubble pulse. The air pressure is 2000 psi, and the gun controller triggers the guns to figure every 7 seconds. The data were collected with 11 single-channel analogue streamers that were towed 10 m apart. The seismic cube in the Eivissa Channel covers an area of ca. 14 km2 (ca. 6.4 EW x 2.2 NS km) located at 306091.83 4280497.41; 305951.42 4278353.92; 312321.94 4277936.57 in UTM zone 31N. 2D seismic processing: During seismic processing of the 3D dataset significant ghost-artefacts were identified because some of the streamers were towed too deep. This required de-ghosting. Unfortunately, these attempts did not yield improved quality of the 3D seismic data. This was mainly because the 12.5 m streamers were too short for commonly used de-ghosting technique used in the industry. To increase vertical resolution individual 2D profiles were extracted from the raw dataset. Processing steps included frequency bandpass filtering, burst noise attenuation, binning, NMO-correction, stacked, and a Stolt migration with 1520 ms-1 was applied that resulted in higher resolution 2D profiles for 85 lines and 11 streamers (channels).

Description: Raw data acquired by position sensors on board RV SONNE during expedition SO292 were processed to receive a validated master track which can be used as reference of further expedition data. During SO292 the motion reference unit Kongsberg SeaTex AS MRU-5 combined with Kongsberg SeaTex AS Seapath 320 and two GPS receivers SAAB MGL-4 were used as navigation sensors. Data were downloaded from DAVIS SHIP data base (https://dship.bsh.de) with a resolution of 1 sec. Processing and evaluation of the data is outlined in the data processing report. Processed data are provided as a master track with 1 sec resolution derived from the position sensors' data selected by priority and a generalized track with a reduced set of the most significant positions of the master track.

Description: Foraminifera are a species-rich phylum of rhizarian protists that are highly abundant in most marine environments. Molecular methods such as metabarcoding have revealed a high, yet undescribed diversity of Foraminifera. However, so far only one molecular marker, the 18S ribosomal RNA, was available for metabarcoding studies on Foraminifera. Primers that allow amplification of foraminiferal mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and identification of Foraminifera species were recently published. Here we test the performance of these primers for the amplification of whole foraminiferal communities, and compare their performance to that of the highly degenerate LerayXT primers, which amplify the same COI region in a wide range of eukaryotes. We applied metabarcoding to 48 samples taken along three transects spanning a North Sea beach in the Netherlands from dunes to the low tide level, and analysed both sediment samples and meiofauna samples, which contained taxa between 42 mm and 1 mm in body size obtained by decantation from sand samples. We used single-cell metabarcoding (Girard et al., 2022) to generate a COI reference library containing 32 species of Foraminifera, and used this to taxonomically annotate our community metabarcoding data. Our analyses show that the highly degenerate LerayXT primers do not amplify Foraminifera, while the Foraminifera primers are highly Foraminifera- specific, with about 90% of reads assigned to Foraminifera and amplifying taxa from all major groups, i.e., monothalamids, Globothalamea, and Tubothalamea. We identified 176 Foraminifera ASVs and found a change in Foraminifera community composition along the beach transects from high tide to low tide level, and a dominance of single-chambered monothalamid Foraminifera. Our results highlight that COI metabarcoding can be a powerful tool for assessing Foraminiferal communities.

Description: Laboratory O2 clumped-isotope data (as D36 values measured at Rice University) for air occluded in ice core GISP2-D spanning gas ages of 18000-21000 ky BP for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Modeled atmospheric history for the LGM via outputs of the GISS-E2.1 driven and Data Assimilation (DAv2.0) driven chemical transport model incorporated into a 2-box model of the atmosphere.

Description: Within the European Space Agency funded Oceanographic datasets for acidification (OceanSODA) project, the University of Exeter (UNEXE) produced the OceanSODA-UNEXE dataset (v1.0) which is an optimal dataset of the surface ocean carbonate system in the Amazon and Congo River outflows. All four main carbonate system variables, total alkalinity (TA), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) and pH are provided on monthly 1° × 1° grids along with additional carbonate system parameters. The uncertainties within these data have been assessed using independent in situ database (Land et.al 2022). A paper detailing the methodology used to optimally construct and then evaluate this dataset is currently being written. Each netCDF4 dataset file contains 10 or more years of data; the full carbonate system is provided for 2010-2020 in the Amazon outflow (defined as 2°S and 24°N and between 70°W and 31°W) datasets and the full carbonate system is provided for the period 2002-2016 in the Congo outflow (defined as 10°S and 4°N and between 2°W and 16°E). Variables are stored on a 180° by 360° latitude grid with a time dimension (defined as the months from January 1957 to December 2021). Following the methodology of Land et al. (2019), TA and DIC were derived using empirical algorithms from the published literature that use combinations of inputs that include sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface salinity (SSS) datasets and nutrients (silicate (SiO4-), nitrate (NO3-), phosphate (PO4-) or dissolved oxygen (DO). TA and the inputs used to derive it (e.g. SST and SSS) are within the netCDF files prefixed with _TA, whereas DIC and the inputs used to derive it (SST and SSS) are within the netCDF files prefixed with _DIC. The full carbonate system equations (calculating for surface waters) were run twice with PyCO2SYS V1.7 (Humphreys et al., 2022), using the same TA, DIC, SiO4- and PO4- along with the SST and SST datasets from the respective DIC or TA netCDF files. The variables computed with PyCO2SYS are the carbonate ion (CO3-2), the bicarbonate ion (HCO3-), hydrogen ions (H+) ,pH on the total scale, pH on the free scale, pH on the seawater scale, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), the fugacity of carbon dioxide (fCO2),the saturation state of calcite and the saturation state of aragonite. A full list of variables and references for all input data can be found in Table 1. All variable fields have an associated uncertainty field; this uncertainty has the same abbreviated variable name along with the suffix uncertainty (e.g. TA_uncertainty). SST, SSS and nutrient input data uncertainties come from their respective dataset accuracy assessments and dataset references (Table 1). TA and DIC uncertainty is the combined standard uncertainty from the algorithm and input data evaluation determined using the methods of Land et al. (2019) which are consistent with the uncertainty methods of (JCGM, 2008). Uncertainties for the remaining variables were determined by propagating the TA, DIC, SST and SSS uncertainties through PyCO2SYS using a forward finite difference approach (Humphreys et al., 2022).

Description: Data presented here were collected between January 2021 to December 2021 within the research unit DynaCom (Spatial community ecology in highly dynamic landscapes: From island biogeography to metaecosystems, https://uol.de/dynacom/ ) of the Universities of Oldenburg, Göttingen, and Münster, the iDiv Leipzig and the Nationalpark Niedersächsisches Wattenmeer. Experimental islands and saltmarsh enclosed plots were created in the back barrier tidal flat and in the saltmarsh zone of the island of Spiekeroog. Meteorological data were collected near the experimental setup, with a locally installed weather station located approximately 500m north of the southern shoreline. The weather station system used here was a ClimaSensor US 4.920x.00.00x that was pre-calibrated by the manufacturer (Adolf Thies GmbH & Co. KG, D-Göttingen). Data were recorded and saved within the Meteo-Online (V4.5.0.20253) software in a sampling interval of 1 min, with an averaging time of 10 s. Date and time were given in UTC and the position was derived from the internal GPS system. Data handling was performed according to Zielinski et al. (2018): Post-processing of collected data was done using MATLAB (R2018a). Quality control was performed by (a) erasing data covering maintenance activities, (b) removing outliers, defined as data exhibiting changes of more than two standard deviations within one time step, and (c) visually checks.

Description: Underway bio-optical sensor measurements of chlorophyll a and turbidity were acquired along the cruise track of RV MARIA S. MERIAN cruise MSM97/2. Measurements were collected with two autonomous measurement systems (RSWS), which are located at 6.5 m below the sea surface. Usually, the RWS-System with measuring container 1 and 2 (MC1 and MC2) interchanged after 6 hours. Only en route data was collected and quality controlled. No data from stationary measurements (in situ) were included. Quality Control specifically for biogeochemical measurements had been applied. For details to all processing steps see Data Processing Report.

Description: Data presented here were collected between Januar 2021 to November 2021 within the research unit DynaCom (Spatial community ecology in highly dynamic landscapes: From island biogeography to metaecosystems, https://uol.de/dynacom/) of the Universities of Oldenburg, Göttingen, and Münster, the iDiv Leipzig and the Nationalpark Niedersächsisches Wattenmeer. Experimental islands and saltmarsh enclosed plots were created in the back barrier tidal flat and in the saltmarsh zone of the island of Spiekeroog. Sediment samples for the determination of pH, water content and loss on ignition were taken bi-/monthly in surface sediments (0-3 cm depth). Samples were measured in the laboratory within two months after sampling.

Description: Hydrographic (CTD) profiles of Temperature, Salinity, Dissolved Oxygen, Chlorophyll A fluorescence and Coloured Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) collected in the Arctic Ocean, over the western Eurasian Basin and Lomonosov Ridge, between 2 August and 11 September 2021, from I/B Oden. This is the Swedish contribution to the international Synoptic Arctic Survey. This dataset merges the full-depth physical CTD and the shallow biological CTD profiles. Both systems had the standard SeaBird SBE911 plus system with dual sensors to measure in-situ temperature and conductivity and single sensors measuring pressure and oxygen. The physical CTD also had a CDOM sensor (Turner Cyclops fluorometer), while the Chl-A fluorometer (WET Labs, ECO-AFL/FL) was moved throughout the expedition between the two systems. Salinity, Oxygen, Chl-A fluorescence and CDOM were calibrated against sample data collected and analysed by the co-authors: - Salinity samples from the deep stations were analysed post-cruise using a salinometer (Guildline Autosal) and IAPSO standard seawater at the GEOMAR, Germany. - Dissolved oxygen was determined onboard using an automatic Winkler titration setup with UV detection (Scripps Institute of Oceanography Oxygen Titration System version 2.35m). - Chl-A concentration was determined post-cruise from flow cytometry (FCM) at Linnaeus University, Sweden. The samples consisted of 4 mL cryovials, of which 3.8 mL was sample water and 76 μL 25% EM grade glutaraldehyde solution (Glu stock). The samples incubated at room temperature for 5 minutes before flash freezing in liquid nitrogen and then placing in the -80 °C freezer in cryoboxes. - CDOM was determined post-cruise at the National Institute of Aquatic Resources - DTU Aqua, Denmark, following the method of Lawaetz and Stedmon (2009) This dataset contains the 1-m bin-averaged profiles. For more information about each sensor and their calibration, the reader is invited to check the cruise report (final version submitted on 20 September; shareable version with DOI coming soon)