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  • Books  (654)
  • thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences  (653)
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  • English  (654)
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  • Books  (654)
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  • 1
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    Old Protein, New Medicine (2024)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: As a member of the protein family known as neurotrophins, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a crucial role in supporting healthy brain function, which includes synaptic plasticity, cellular differentiation, learning, and the survival of nerve cells. Neuronal plasticity refers to the nervous system’s ability to adapt and respond to environmental conditions, involving various structural and functional mechanisms that can lead to changes in neural circuits, the formation of new synapses, and the generation of fresh neurons. BDNF has emerged as a significant regulator of neuronal plasticity. It is worth noting that the pathophysiological processes underlying central nervous system disorders and neuropsychiatric conditions such as depression, anxiety, autism, and schizophrenia, as well as neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s, are influenced by BDNF. Due to its robust neuroprotective properties and recently discovered anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic characteristics, BDNF has long been considered a potential candidate for preventing neurodegeneration. In the context of autism spectrum disorder, BDNF holds great promise as a central focus for therapeutic efforts. Its significance extends to the field of spinal cord injury, where it assumes a multifaceted role in the intricate pathophysiological processes at play. BDNF functions as a catalyst for the growth of axons, a crucial step in the restoration of the nervous system following damage. In the context of sepsis, research into the potential of BDNF’s anti-inflammatory properties to mitigate organ damage is quite noteworthy. Additionally, current findings suggest that combining exercise with vitamin D may offer a promising approach to increase BDNF levels and improve brain health. This book presents comprehensive information on BDNF and its role in promoting neuroprotection. The chapters offer insights into recent developments, molecular principles, and innovative therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative disorders and brain health.
    Keywords: bdnf ; inflammation ; oxidative stress ; biomarker ; sepsis ; ketamine ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Topics in Autonomic Nervous System (2024)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The nervous system is an essential component of the human body and is divided into two main systems: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is composed of the brain and the spinal cord and acts as the command center of the organism. The PNS is a network of nerves that extends from the spinal cord throughout the body and regulates both voluntary and involuntary movements, such as digestion, heart rate, breathing, and body temperature. Within the PNS, there are two subdivisions: the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. The somatic system controls voluntary movements, while the autonomic system operates automatically and regulates essential involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion. It is further divided into two branches, the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, which work together to maintain homeostasis. Alterations in the autonomic nervous system can lead to various diseases, as these two branches play a crucial role in regulating the organs and systems of the body. For example, an imbalance in the sympathetic system can result in excessive heart rate and blood pressure, while a dysfunction in the parasympathetic system can lead to digestive problems. Therefore, understanding its divisions and functions is essential for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases caused by autonomic nervous system dysfunction. This book provides a comprehensive overview of this system and its functions.
    Keywords: physiology ; pain ; cancer ; diabetes mellitus ; melatonin ; autism ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Acetylcholine (2024)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Acetylcholine - Recent Advances and New Perspectives describes research related to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Acetylcholine was discovered as a neurotransmitter about 100 years ago. Still, researchers around the world study this important signaling molecule in terms of its chemistry, biochemistry, function in the central and peripheral nervous system, and relevance for neurological disorders and diseases. This book focuses on the role of acetylcholine in individual nerve cells, neural circuits, and specific brain regions. In addition, the book illustrates acetylcholine from historical perspectives to technological advances, as well as the use of novel tools in health and disease, in various animal models and organisms. As an added benefit, chapters in the book describe acetylcholine in its relation to paraoxonase enzymes, acetylcholine esterase, neurotoxins, and organophosphorus compounds. Furthermore, this book provides an overview of the work that is being done on acetylcholine and highlights any gaps and areas that would benefit from further exploration. It is a useful resource for students and researchers in biological, chemical, medical, and history disciplines.
    Keywords: alzheimer’s disease ; neuroinflammation ; chronic diseases ; nervous system ; prefrontal cortex ; homology modeling ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Computational Physiology (2024)
    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Switzerland
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: This open access volume compiles student reports from the 2023 Simula Summer School in Computational Physiology. The reports provide an overview of some tools available to model physiology in excitable tissues across scales and scientific questions. In 2023, Simula held the nineth annual Summer School in Computational Physiology in collaboration with the University of Oslo (UiO) and the University of California, San Diego (UCSD). Each year, the course focuses on modeling excitable tissues, with a special interest in cardiac physiology and neuroscience. Group research projects conducted by graduate students from around the world result in reports addressing problems of physiological importance. Reports may not necessarily represent new scientific results; rather, they can reproduce or supplement earlier studies. Reports from seven of the summer projects are included as separate chapters. The topics represented include multiscale mechanics, electrophysiology, pharmacology, and machine learning. This is an open access book.
    Keywords: computational physiology ; brain tissue ; axon bundles ; arrythmia ; fetal ischemia ; pancreatic beta cell network ; cerebral aneurysm ; spiking neural networks ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBK Calculus and mathematical analysis::PBKS Numerical analysis ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKG Pharmacology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Mental Imagery (2024)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: This book is about mental imagery and the important work it does in our mental life. It plays a crucial role in the vast majority of our perceptual episodes. It also helps us understand many of the most puzzling features of perception (like the way it is influenced in a top-down manner and the way different sense modalities interact). But mental imagery also plays a very important role in emotions, action execution, and even in our desires. In sum, there are very few mental phenomena that mental imagery doesn’t show up in—in some way or other. The hope is that if we understand what mental imagery is, how it works and how it is related to other mental phenomena, we can make real progress on a number of important questions about the mind. This book aims at an interdisciplinary audience. As it aims to combine philosophy, psychology, and neuroscience to understand mental imagery, I have not presupposed any prior knowledge in any of these disciplines. As a result, readers with no background in any of these disciplines can also follow the arguments.
    Keywords: mental imagery, imagination, perception, philosophy, psychology, neuroscience ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPM Philosophy of mind ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPN Philosophy: aesthetics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMR Cognition & cognitive psychology::JMRP Perception ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMR Cognition & cognitive psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTM Philosophy of mind ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTN Philosophy: aesthetics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMR Cognition and cognitive psychology ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Autonomic Nervous System (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The autonomic nervous system is one of the most important involuntary control mechanisms that primarily controls and modulates the functions of the visceral organs. The book discusses some of the specificities of the autonomic nervous system in terms of dendritic development in the sympathetic compartment, as well as a detailed description of noradrenergic groups and their key role in the modulation of all antinociceptive and autonomic responses elicited by painful or threatening situations. In the book, only those cases are mentioned that are closely related to disorders or changes of function of the autonomic nervous system. This book can evoke interest in many researchers who want to use the information for the advancement of their research towards a better understanding of the autonomic regulatory mechanisms.
    Keywords: inflammation, sepsis, heart rate variability, analgesia, ischemia, arrhythmias ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Serotonin (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Serotonin - A Chemical Messenger Between All Types of Living Cells is a very interesting book on the most ancient neurotransmitter, hormone and trophic factor serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). This unique chemical is present in all living cells including plants and animals. This book will take us through a serene journey of the evolutionary history of serotonin and its role from man to mollusk. There are many interesting chapters incorporated in this book, including novel approaches for detecting minor metabolites of serotonin in human plasma, production and function of serotonin in cardiac cells, immuno-thrombotic effects of serotonin in platelets to the identification and localization of serotonin in the nervous system and gonad of bivalve mollusks.
    Keywords: oocyte, sperm, nervous system, inflammation, biomarkers, obesity ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Huntington's Disease (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Huntington's Disease is one of the well-studied neurodegenerative conditions, a quite devastating and currently incurable one. It is a brain disorder that causes certain types of neurons to become damaged, causing various parts of the brain to deteriorate and lose their function. This results in uncontrolled movements, loss of intellectual capabilities and behavioural disturbances. Since the identification of the causative mutation, there have been many significant developments in understanding the cellular and molecular perturbations. This book, "Huntington's Disease - Core Concepts and Current Advances", was prepared to serve as a source of up-to-date information on a wide range of issues involved in Huntington's Disease. It will help the clinicians, health care providers, researchers, graduate students and life science readers to increase their understanding of the clinical correlates, genetic aspects, neuropathological findings, cellular and molecular events and potential therapeutic interventions involved in HD. The book not only serves reviewed fundamental information on the disease but also presents original research in several disciplines, which collectively provide comprehensive description of the key issues in the area.
    Keywords: Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 9
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    Circadian Rhythm (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Circadian clocks are endogenous and temperature-compensating timekeepers that provide temporal organization of biological processes in living organisms. Circadian rhythms allow living organisms to adapt to the daily light cycles associated with Earth's rotation and to anticipate and prepare for precise and regular environmental changes. This book discusses the fundamental advances of how the circadian clock regulates critical biological functions as well as the cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling circadian rhythm in living organisms. It also provides new insights into and sheds new light on the current research trends and future research directions related to circadian rhythm. This book provokes interest in many readers, researchers and scientists, who can find this information useful for the advancement of their research works towards a better understanding of circadian rhythm regulatory mechanisms.
    Keywords: melatonin, chronobiology, circadian rhythms, stroke, cardiomyopathy, chagas disease ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 10
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    Machine Learning for Brain Disorders (2023)
    Springer Nature | Humana
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This Open Access volume provides readers with an up-to-date and comprehensive guide to both methodological and applicative aspects of machine learning (ML) for brain disorders. The chapters in this book are organized into five parts. Part One presents the fundamentals of ML. Part Two looks at the main types of data used to characterize brain disorders, including clinical assessments, neuroimaging, electro- and magnetoencephalography, genetics and omics data, electronic health records, mobile devices, connected objects and sensors. Part Three covers the core methodologies of ML in brain disorders and the latest techniques used to study them. Part Four is dedicated to validation and datasets, and Part Five discusses applications of ML to various neurological and psychiatric disorders. In the Neuromethods series style, chapters include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to get successful results in your laboratory. Comprehensive and cutting, Machine Learning for Brain Disorders is a valuable resource for researchers and graduate students who are new to this field, as well as experienced researchers who would like to further expand their knowledge in this area. This book will be useful to students and researchers from various backgrounds such as engineers, computer scientists, neurologists, psychiatrists, radiologists, and neuroscientists.
    Keywords: machine learning ; deep learning ; brain disorders ; neurology ; psychiatry ; data science ; neural networks ; statistical learning ; neuroimaging ; clinical data ; biomarkers ; omics ; electronic health records ; mobile devices ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    Proprioception (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Proprioception is the sense of body position and movement, with conscious and unconscious components, that determines and conditions the human body’s relationship with the environment. This quality of mechanosensitivity deteriorates in some pathologies and is responsible for some alterations of the locomotor system that appear in elderly persons. In those situations, the failure of proprioception reduces the quality of life of the subjects. The widespread use in developed countries of substitute joint prostheses makes it necessary to rethink the concepts of movement detection and perception. As such, this book examines the basics of proprioception as well as its function in the lower extremities, the head, in children with disabilities, and its connection with virtual reality.
    Keywords: virtual reality, neuroplasticity, ion channels, neurology, electromyography, orthopedics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    Autonomic Nervous System (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a subsystem of the nervous system that possesses several levels (groups) for receiving, transmitting, generating, and processing information. This book presents a comprehensive overview of the ANS, including chapters on the role of the ANS in a healthy lifestyle, the ANS–stress relationship, general anesthesia and the ANS, signaling pathways, and more.
    Keywords: Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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  • 13
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    Recent Advances in Cannabinoid Research (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Scientific interest in cannabinoid research is currently experiencing a significant increase because of changing attitudes toward Cannabis and the evolving awareness of its pharmaceutical benefits. Coincidently, numerous jurisdictions are moving toward legalizing Cannabis and Cannabis-derived products, which reflects a larger global movement to understand Cannabis and its bioactive chemicals for their potential biomedical uses, harms, and economic value. Research activities are surging to fill important knowledge gaps in the field of cannabinoids as they continue to be identified. The purpose of this book is to summarize some leading areas of research in the cannabinoid field where knowledge gaps are actively being addressed. The research described herein spans basic biological and clinical research.
    Keywords: epilepsy, pain, addiction, terpenes, cannabinoids, cannabis ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 14
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    Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The book "Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience - Principles, Algorithms and Applications" will answer the following question and statements: System-level neural modeling: what and why? We know a lot about the brain! Need to integrate data: molecular/cellular/system levels. Complexity: need to abstract away higher-order principles. Models are tools to develop explicit theories, constrained by multiple levels (neural and behavioral). Key: models (should) make novel testable predictions on both neural and behavioral levels. Models are useful tools for guiding experiments. The hope is that the information provided in this book will trigger new researches that will help to connect basic neuroscience to clinical medicine.
    Keywords: surveillance, inverse model, reverse engineering, behavior, forward model ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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  • 15
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    Child and Adolescent Mental Health (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In the present volume, we collected state-of-the-art chapters on diagnosis, treatment, and social implications. The first section describes diagnostic processes. It describes a reevaluation of projective techniques, a new clinical tool in psychotraumatology, the foundations of the framing technique, and an overview on integrative approaches. The second section focuses on new developments in the field with special emphasis on culture-specific contexts. From parenting of adolescents in India to the influence of poverty on mental health issues in Mexico, as well as the use of marijuana and Internet addiction, some of the most important fields are highlighted. The third section concentrates on therapy. It shows how to react to bullying and reviews the use of antidepressants in children and adolescents.
    Keywords: adolescents, epidemiology, trauma, poverty, earthquake, mindfulness ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 16
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    New Developments in Anxiety Disorders (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book collects the contribution of a selected number of clinical psychiatrists, interested in the clinical application of some aspects of neurobiology of anxiety. The seven chapters of the book address some issues related to the latest acquisitions of neurobiology, in particular those aspects that are related to responses to treatment - both psychological and pharmacological. Some chapters are also dedicated to the comorbidities, a rule rather than an exception when it comes to anxiety. Each author summarized the clinical importance of his work, underlining the clinical pitfalls of this new book on anxiety.
    Keywords: comorbidity, genetics, pharmacology, social media, gaba, psychotherapy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 17
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    Synaptic Plasticity (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Nerve cells form thousands of contact points, the synapses, to communicate information with other neurons and target cells. Synapses are sites for changes in brain function through modification of synaptic transmission termed synaptic plasticity. The study of synaptic plasticity has flourished over the years with the advancement of technical breakthroughs and is a timely scientific endeavor today just like it was several decades ago. This book contributes to our understanding of synaptic plasticity at the molecular, biochemical, and cellular systems and behavioral level and informs the reader about its clinical relevance. The book contains ten chapters in three sections: (1) "Mechanisms of Synaptic Plasticity," (2) "Neural Plasticity," and (3) "Plasticity and Neurological Diseases." The book provides detailed and current reviews in these different areas written by experts in their respective fields. The mechanisms of synaptic plasticity and its relation to neurological diseases are featured prominently as a recurring theme throughout most chapters. This book will be most useful for neuroscientists and other scientists alike and will contribute to the training of current and future students who find the plastic nervous system as fascinating as many generations before them.
    Keywords: cognition, creb, epilepsy, microrna, neuroprotection, stem cells ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 18
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    Gut Microbiota (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The gut-brain axis has gained considerable attention from different branches of the scientific community in recent years. In this book, scientists from different disciplines present current scientific knowledge on the topic. The interaction between the prokaryote and eukaryote cells stimulates the evolutionary processes, and results in various systemic illnesses such as neuropsychiatric disorders and may help the continuity of health. Nature has provided us with healthy food that builds our pharmacy. This natural pharmacy store may help the body's healing processes through its effects on gut microbiota and the immune system. This book aims to provide the reader with detailed analyses of the current scientific knowledge on the gut-brain axis and its relation with health and disease. We hope that the reader benefits from the presented material.
    Keywords: nutrition, probiotics, microbiome, gut-brain axis, inflammation, alzheimer’s disease ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 19
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    Event-Related Potentials and Evoked Potentials (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This edited volume Event-Related Potentials and Evoked Potentials is a collection of reviewed and relevant research chapters, offering a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the field of medicine and health sciences. The book comprises single chapters authored by various researchers and edited by an expert active in the field of event-related potential (ERP). An event-related potential (ERP) is the measured brain response that is the direct result of a specific sensory, cognitive, or motor event. Each chapter is complete in itself but united under a common research study topic. This publication aims at providing a thorough overview of the latest research efforts by international authors in noninvasive means of evaluating brain functioning and opens new possible research paths for further novel developments.
    Keywords: multiple sclerosis, cognition, pathology, electroencephalogram, topography, brain-computer interface ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    Peripheral Nerve Regeneration (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Peripheral nerve injuries are a high-incidence clinical problem that greatly affects patients' quality of life. Despite continuous refinement of microsurgery techniques, peripheral nerve repair still stands as one of the most challenging tasks in neurosurgery, as functional neuromuscular recovery is rarely satisfactory in these patients. Therefore, the improvement of surgical techniques and the clinical application of innovative therapies have been intensively studied worldwide. Direct nerve repair with epineural end-to-end sutures is still the gold standard treatment for severe neurotmesis injuries but only in cases where well-vascularized tension-free coaptation can be achieved. When peripheral nerve injury originates a significant gap between the nerve stumps, nerve grafts are required, with several associated disadvantages. Therefore, the development of scaffolds by tissue engineering can provide efficient treatment alternatives to stimulate optimum clinical outcome. Nerve conduit tailoring involves reaching ideal wall pores, using electrospinning techniques in their fabrication, surface coating with extracellular matrix materials, and adding of growth factors or cell-based therapies, among other possibilities. Also, intraluminal cues are employed such as the filling with hydrogels, inner surface modification, topographical design, and the introduction of neurotrophic factors, antibiotics, anti-inflammatories and other pharmacological agents. A comprehensive state of the art of surgical techniques, tissue-engineered nerve graft scaffolds, and their application in nerve regeneration, the advances in peripheral nerve repair and future perspectives will be discussed, including surgeons' and researchers' own large experience in this field of knowledge.
    Keywords: apoptosis, migration, injury, proliferation, carpal tunnel syndrome, adult neurogenesis ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 21
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    Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: "Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation" book explains how the neuronal cells become swollen at the moment of the blood-brain barrier disruption and how they lose their immunological isolation. A cascade of cytokines and immune cells from the bloodstream enters the nervous system, inflaming neurons and activating the glia. This produces a neuroinflammatory process that can generate different neurodegenerative diseases. Better understanding of mechanisms that are activated at the time when the damage to the brain occurs could lead to the development of suitable therapies that revert the neuronal inflammation and thus prevent further damage to the nervous system.
    Keywords: alzheimer’s disease, cytokines, neurodegeneration, traumatic brain injury, psychiatric disorders, stroke ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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  • 22
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    The Hippocampus (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The hippocampus is an important brain region, a true central hub for memory of various kinds and other processes. Neuropsychiatric disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, drug addiction, and schizophrenia are characterized by hippocampal alterations. The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is a site exhibiting adult neurogenesis. This book covers the topic of the hippocampus from various perspectives. It discusses adult neurogenesis, effect of enriched environments on hippocampal plasticity, and long-term potentiation-associated gene expression. The book also addresses multiscale representations of complex environments and strategies in the hippocampus-dependent spatial tasks. Finally, insight into the hippocampus as a link between negative affect and relapse to psychostimulants is provided. The book collects evidence of various hippocampal functions in healthy and disordered brain.
    Keywords: neurogenesis, spatial memory, cytokines, stress, gene expression, complexity ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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  • 23
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    Autism Spectrum Disorder (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book starts with a new sub category of Autism Criminal Autistic Psychopathy and school shootings. It focuses on a number of interventions, including speech and language pathology, speech and language assessment instruments, occupational therapy, improving functional language development in autism with natural gestures, communication boards etc as well as helping people with autism using the pictorial support, training of concepts of significant others, theory of mind, social concepts and a conceptual model for empowering families of children with autism cross culturally. It also examines the issue of hyperandrogenism and evidence-based treatments of autism. In terms of assessment, it focuses on psychological and biological assessment including neurotransmitters systems, structural and functional brain imaging, coping strategies of parents, examines the intertwining of language impairment, specific language impairment and ASD, as well as implicit and spontaneous Theory of Mind reading in ASD. In terms of aetiology, it focuses on genetic factors, epigenetics, synaptic vesicles, toxicity during neurodevelopment, immune system and sex differences. It also examines the link between social cognitive anatomical and neurophysiologic biomarkers and candidate genes. This book will be relevant to all mental health professionals because autism occurs in all the different areas of psychiatry and professionals who will find it helpful will be psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, nurses, teachers and all those working with persons with Autism including parents who nowadays are interested in knowing more and more, at a detailed level about their children or adults with autism.
    Keywords: Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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    Core Concepts and Methods in Load Forecasting (2023)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This comprehensive open access book enables readers to discover the essential techniques for load forecasting in electricity networks, particularly for active distribution networks. From statistical methods to deep learning and probabilistic approaches, the book covers a wide range of techniques and includes real-world applications and a worked examples using actual electricity data (including an example implemented through shared code). Advanced topics for further research are also included, as well as a detailed appendix on where to find data and additional reading. As the smart grid and low carbon economy continue to evolve, the proper development of forecasting methods is vital. This book is a must-read for students, industry professionals, and anyone interested in forecasting for smart control applications, demand-side response, energy markets, and renewable utilization.
    Keywords: Load forecasting ; Probabilistic forecasting ; Smart grid applications ; Distribution networks ; Low voltage ; Smart meter ; Demand management ; Time series analysis ; Time series forecasting ; Smart Storage ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBT Probability and statistics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THR Electrical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering::TJFM Automatic control engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBT Probability and statistics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THR Electrical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering::TJFM Automatic control engineering
    Language: English
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    The Amygdala (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Among the components of the limbic system, the amygdala is a fascinating structure that is involved in the processes of liking and disliking and in the ways our emotions drive our actions and affect the strength of our memories. Combined with new conceptual breakthroughs, the very latest data obtained by leading world experts in amygdala function that are reviewed in this book have helped to understand how the amygdala contribute to these processes and also to a variety of neurological and neuropsychiatric pathologies. Of course, due to the rate of research advancement, all the chapters presented here correspond to precise questions addressed by experts using highly specific techniques. Therefore, each chapter should be viewed as pieces of a puzzle that represent all the different research areas that have to be taken into consideration in discussing the role of the amygdala in emotion and memory. Although the primary goal of this book is to inform experts and newcomers of some of the latest data in the field of brain structures involved in mechanisms underlying emotional learning and memory, we hope it will also help to stimulate discussion on the functional role of the amygdala and connected brain structures in these mechanisms.
    Keywords: Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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    Electroencephalography (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This edited volume Electroencephalography is a collection of reviewed and relevant research chapters, offering a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the field of medicine and health sciences. The book comprises single chapters authored by various researchers and edited by an expert active in the electrophysiological monitoring method research area. Each chapter is complete in itself but united under a common research study topic. This publication aims at providing a thorough overview of the latest research efforts by international authors on electrophysiological monitoring method and opens new possible research paths for further novel developments.
    Keywords: eeg, motor learning, regression, hypothermia, inverse problem, ldpc ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    All-Optical Methods to Study Neuronal Function (2023)
    Springer Nature | Humana
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This open access volume provides an overview of the latest methods used to study neuronal function with all-optical experimental approaches, where light is used for both stimulation and monitoring of neuronal activity. The chapters in this book cover topics over a broad range, from fundamental background information in both physiology and optics in the context of all-optical neurophysiology experiments, to the design principles and hardware implementation of optical methods used for photoactivation and imaging. In the Neuromethods series style, chapters include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to get successful results in your laboratory. Comprehensive and cutting-edge, All-Optical Methods to Study Neuronal Function is a valuable resource for researchers in various disciplines such as physics, engineering, and neuroscience. This book will serve as a guide to establish useful references for groups starting out in this field, and provide insight on the optical systems, actuators, and sensors. This is an open access book.
    Keywords: light-microscopy ; spatial precision ; MNI-glutamate ; Ca2+ responses ; Computer-Generated Holography (CGH) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    The Entangled Brain (2023)
    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: A new vision of the brain as a fully integrated, networked organ. Popular neuroscience accounts often focus on specific mind-brain aspects like addiction, cognition, or memory, but The Entangled Brain tackles a much bigger question: What kind of object is the brain? Neuroscientist Luiz Pessoa describes the brain as a highly networked, interconnected system that cannot be neatly decomposed into a set of independent parts. One can't point to the brain and say, “This is where emotion happens” (or any other mental faculty). Pessoa argues that only by understanding how large-scale neural circuits combine multiple and diverse signals can we truly appreciate how the brain supports the mind. Presenting the brain as an integrated organ and drawing on neuroscience, computation, mathematics, systems theory, and evolution, The Entangled Brain explains how brain functions result from cross-cutting brain processing, not the function of segregated areas. Parts of the brain work in a coordinated fashion across large-scale distributed networks in which disparate parts of the cortex and the subcortex work simultaneously to bring about behaviors. Pessoa intuitively explains the concepts needed to formalize this idea of the brain as a complex system and how to unleash powerful understandings built with “collective computations.”
    Keywords: Neurosciences ; Cognitive studies ; Cognition and cognitive psychology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTK Cognitive studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMT Psychology: states of consciousness
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    Update on Dementia (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The dementia challenge is the largest health effort of the times we live in. The whole society has to move to a realization of the significance of prioritization to make an attempt in the direction of mental health promotion and dementia risk reduction. New priorities for research are needed to go far beyond the usual goal of constructing a disease course-modifying medication. Moreover, a full empowerment and engagement of men and women living with dementia and their caregivers, overcoming stigma and discrimination should be promoted. The common efforts and the final aim will have to be the progress of a ''dementia-constructive'' world, where people with dementia can take advantage of equal opportunities.
    Keywords: Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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    GABA And Glutamate (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book collates the contributions of a selected number of neuroscientists that are interested in the molecular, preclinical, and clinical aspects of neurotransmission research. The seven chapters in this book address the latest research/review data related to GABA/glutamate system's organization and function, the structure of receptors, subtypes and their ligands, as well as the translational approach and clinical implications. The book offers readers a rich collection of data regarding current and future applications of GABA and glutamate neurotransmission, including promising research strategies and potential clinical benefits.
    Keywords: mri, calcium, glioma, signal transduction, cns, neurological disorders ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    Neurons (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The brain is the most complex structure that exists in the universe, consisting of neurons whose function is to receive information through dendrites and transmit information through the axon. In neurosciences one of the main problems that exists are neurodegenerative diseases for which until now there has been no cure. This book is mainly focused on updating the information on the signaling process carried out in the development of axons. Topics such as axon guidance and its interaction with the extracellular matrix are discussed. Other important topics are semaphorins and their relationship with neurodegenerative diseases, and the neurobiology of the gap junction in the dorsal root ganglion. Finally, the topic of bioelectrical interfaces destined to regenerate damaged nerves is covered. The information in this book will be very important both for researchers who work with these issues and doctoral students who are involved in neuroscience.
    Keywords: neurodegeneration, extracellular matrix, pain, neurodegenerative diseases, interface, stem cell ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    Prefrontal Cortex (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The prefrontal cortex reaches its greatest development in the human brain, making up nearly one third of the neocortex. Due to its remarkable evolution, the prefrontal cortex plays an important role in higher integrative functions such as information processing, thinking, understanding, attention, behavior, motivation, emotions, working memory, and analysis. This book brings together theoretical and technical research advances on the prefrontal cortex, from the basic explanations of the neuronal architecture of the prefrontal cortex and its anatomy, presenting it as a morphological substrate for many psychological conditions, through normal and altered connectivity and its manifestation in different behavior and identification of organizational levels inside the prefrontal cortex through different neuroimaging methods. It also provides an interdisciplinary view of the prefrontal cortex and its issues and discovers the main role of this part of brain in psychosocial, economic, and cultural adaptation.
    Keywords: rehabilitation, neuroimaging, metacognition, schizophrenia, childhood, pragmatics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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    Physical Disabilities (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book, Physical Disabilities - Therapeutic Implications, presents reports on a wide range of areas in the field of neurobiological disabilities, including movement disorders (Uner Tan syndrome, genetic and environmental influences, chronic brain damage, stroke, and pediatric disabilities) related to physical and stem cell therapy. Studies are presented from researchers around the world, looking at aspects as wide-ranging as the genetics, wheelchair, and robotics behind the conditions to new and innovative therapeutic approaches.
    Keywords: rehabilitation, stroke, cerebral palsy, environment, autism, stem cell therapy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    Challenging Assumptions Around Dementia (2023)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This open access book explores the expectations surrounding dementia, what it ‘looks like’ and how people have been treated by others. It aims to raise awareness of the different types of dementia, and how they impact the brain, body, and lived experience, including experience of Alzheimer’s disease, Vascular Dementia, Posterior Cortical Atrophy, Frontotemporal Dementia, Semantic Dementia, and Lewy Body Dementia. The co-authors reflect on their experience with informal and formal care, before finishing with a focus on the spectrum of dementia research from clinical trials to user-led research. Throughout the book, co-authors have shared personal stories of how dementia has affected them and people with lived experience of dementia share what they wish people knew about living with the disease. Co-produced by people with lived experience of dementia, academics and health care professionals, this book is an accessible resource about dementia from the perspective of people actively involved in the field and essential reading for healthcare professionals wishing to learn more about the experience of this neuroprogressive condition, as well as policymakers, and members of the public.
    Keywords: dementia research ; participatory methodology ; gerontology ; ageing ; mental health research ; biomedicine ; psychology ; social psychology ; Parkinson's disease ; dementia with Lewy bodies ; Fronto-Temporal Dementia ; Vascular dementia ; Alzheimer’s disease ; neuroprogressive conditions ; lived experience ; clinical trials ; ethnography ; interviews ; User-led Research ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKN Geriatric medicine ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKM Clinical psychology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health and preventive medicine::MBNH Personal and public health / health education::MBNH9 Health psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMB Psychological methodology
    Language: English
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    Brain Computations and Connectivity (2023)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: The subject of this book is how the brain works. In order to understand this, it is essential to know what is computed by different brain systems; and how the computations are performed. The aim of this book is to elucidate what is computed in different brain systems; and to describe current computational approaches and models of how each of these brain systems computes. Understanding the brain in this way has enormous potential for understanding ourselves better in health and in disease. Potential applications of this understanding are to the treatment of the brain in disease; and to artificial intelligence which will benefit from knowledge of how the brain performs many of its extraordinarily impressive functions. This book is pioneering in taking this approach to brain function: to consider what is computed by many of our brain systems; and how it is computed. The book is also pioneering in taking biologically plausible approaches to brain computation. The book is also pioneering in incorporating evidence on the connectivity of 360 cortical regions in the human brain, making the book highly relevant to understanding the human brain. The book will be of interest to all scientists interested in brain function and how the brain works, whether they are from neuroscience, or from medical sciences including neurology and psychiatry, or from the area of computational science including machine learning and artificial intelligence, or from areas such as theoretical physics.
    Keywords: neuroscience, brain, cerebral cortex, psychiatry, machine learning, computational neuroscience, neuroimaging, neurology, deep learning, memory, emotion, perception, mind and brain, consciousness ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMM Physiological & neuro-psychology, biopsychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMR Cognition & cognitive psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMA Psychological theory & schools of thought::JMAQ Cognitivism, cognitive theory ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMM Physiological and neuro-psychology, biopsychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMR Cognition and cognitive psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMA Psychological theory, systems, schools and viewpoints::JMAQ Cognitivism, cognitive theory ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    High-Resolution Neuroimaging (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Dr. Ahmet Mesrur Halefoğlu mostly deals with research fields in body imaging and neuroradiology with multidetector computed tomography and high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. He has served as postdoctoral research fellow at Johns Hopkins Hospital. Currently, he is working as an associate professor of radiology in Istanbul, Turkey. He has more than 50 high-impact-factor publications and has written 3 book chapters. He is a member of Turkish Society of Radiology and European Society of Radiology. During the recent years, there have been major breakthroughs in MRI due to developments in scanner technology and pulse sequencing. These important achievements have led to remarkable improvements in neuroimaging and advanced techniques, including diffusion imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, perfusion imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and functional MRI. These advanced neuroimaging techniques have enabled us to achieve invaluable insights into tissue microstructure, microvasculature, metabolism, and brain connectivity.
    Keywords: magnetic resonance imaging, mri, autism, tumor, prostate cancer, segmentation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    Optic Nerve (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The optic nerve is a primary reference for those ophthalmologists and researchers interested in its anatomy and physiology, in the most recent diagnostic techniques, as well as in the clinical management of optic nerve disorders. The book provides a detailed description of the structure and functioning of the optic nerve and attempts at clarifying how anomalies in its development are related with tumor development. The book surveys the most recent diagnostic techniques, such as spectral domain optical coherence tomography, and highlights how these techniques can be employed to evaluate optic nerve layers as well as lesions compressing the visual pathway. Practical references to optic nerve drusen and the changes in the optic nerve due to diabetic retinopathy are also presented. The book is written in a concise fashion and aims at being a major reference to a broad audience, including students, ophthalmologist consultants, neurologists, researchers, and surgeons concerned with optic nerve diseases.
    Keywords: optical coherence tomography, diabetes mellitus, diabetic retinopathy, glioma, glaucoma, meningioma ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    Neuroplasticity (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book provides comprehensive and up-to-date insights into emerging research trends on neuroplasticity with current or future treatments for neurodevelopment and neurodegenerative diseases. The authors discuss structural and functional changes associated with cortical remapping, sensory substitution, synaptic and non-synaptic compensatory plasticity due to brain damage, brain training, chronic pain, meditation, music, exercise and related states. Key features include pathogenesis, and existing and new therapies together with a pharmacological and non-pharmacological approach in clinical treatment and management. The authors are established experts that contributed significantly to a better understanding of the etiology of neuroplasticity. This book is recommended to healthcare providers, clinical scientists, students and patients.
    Keywords: multiple sclerosis, neurorehabilitation, parkinson’s disease, stem cells, transplantation, fatigue ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    Evolving BCI Therapy (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: As a strategic response to cognitive and CNS impairments, BCI is a theoretical outgrowth of several generations of endogenous devices for peripheral nerves, which have as a prime goal the direct replacement of lost neural function. In these earlier applications therapeutic intervention has been premised only on the restoration of signal generating capacity where nerve transmission is largely unidirectional and temporally sequenced. It is increasingly apparent, however, that the brain not only employs a very different type of syntax from that of peripheral nerves but also structures the semantic content of motor activity, fundamentally altering the conception of BCI as a therapeutic medium. The book presented here documents this change, proposing a multi-faceted strategy in which BCI therapy can restore the loss of multi-tiered, brain based motor function.
    Keywords: eeg, motor imagery, neurorehabilitation, signal processing, autonomic nervous system, f-wave ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    Alzheimer's Disease (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Alzheimer's disease was discovered over 100 years ago and still belongs to incurable neurological diseases; its pharmacotherapy is considered to be ineffective. This book presents contemporary views on the genetic, biochemical, and immunological determinants of this disease. This book also concerns the issue of Alzheimer's disease prevention through lifestyle and physical activity. Moreover, it describes the therapies used in Alzheimer's disease to slow the progression of the disease and delay its onset. Subsequently, the authors discuss experimental and clinical trials used now and in the near future. We hope that this book will help the readers to understand the complex mechanism leading to the development of Alzheimer's disease and indicate effective ways to prevent this disorder.
    Keywords: inflammation, alzheimer’s disease, dementia, microglia, mild cognitive impairment, oxidative stress ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    Hippocampus (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Ever since side effects from bilateral hippocampectomy were identified in Henry Molaison (patient “HM”) during the 1950s, a critical role of the hippocampus has been recognized in the formation of declarative episodic memories. Other cognitive functions have since been proposed, such as a role in navigation, but memory has often been suggested to explain hippocampal involvement. Proving a distinct functional role in cognition is difficult, as memory can be implicated in most cognitive activities. Even when a behavior relies on memory, however, the functionality of the hippocampus extends far beyond, especially evident during activities requiring interactions between cognitive systems. Relational memory is supported by hippocampal connections with widespread regions of the cortex; these interconnections also play a fundamental role in children’s writing abilities and expertise in musical performance. Besides enhancing individual lives, such activities can play a vital role in sustaining cultural values across generations. Interactions with the environment that do not directly depend on mnemonic activity can affect plasticity in hippocampal connections, modified through natural chemicals, pharmacological drugs, and non-pharmacological behaviors. Navigational properties of the hippocampal system are not limited to memory, containing the same navigational elements as our Global Positional System (GPS). Even cognitive deficits arising from hippocampal lesions in “HM” were not limited to memory, as they included deficits in understanding cognitive relationships available in visual scenes, novel sentence contexts, and humorous situations. This book shows an expansive role of the hippocampus in cognition that goes beyond its recognized role in generating new episodic memories.
    Keywords: alzheimer’s disease ; plasticity ; robotics ; neuroplasticity ; working memory ; acetylcholine ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    Anal Incontinence (2022)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This open access book describes the latest advances in the anal incontinence diagnostic and therapeutic processes. Anal incontinence is a devastating condition heavily impacting on the patients’ lives. Those suffering from this disorder are generally very embarrassed and reluctant to undergo an appropriate clinical evaluation, thus becoming more isolated and worsening the quality of their life. Luckily, nowadays a wide range of treatments is available to improve this oppressive condition; however, the recognition of the related pathophysiological alterations is mandatory to grant its successful management. This volume will help the surgeons community to keep abreast of developments in diagnostics and treatment of this impairing condition. and will provide all health professionals with the appropriate tools to face this impairing condition.
    Keywords: Continence mechanism ; Fecal incontinence ; Pelviperineal disorders ; Anal sphincter ; Continence Surgery ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MN Surgery ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJH Gastroenterology ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJS Urology and urogenital medicine ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKS Medical imaging::MKSH Medical imaging: radiology
    Language: English
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    Social and Affective Neuroscience of Everyday Human Interaction (2022)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: This Open Access book presents the current state of the art knowledge on social and affective neuroscience based on empirical findings. This volume is divided into several sections first guiding the reader through important theoretical topics within affective neuroscience, social neuroscience and moral emotions, and clinical neuroscience. Each chapter addresses everyday social interactions and various aspects of social interactions from a different angle taking the reader on a diverse journey. The last section of the book is of methodological nature. Basic information is presented for the reader to learn about common methodologies used in neuroscience alongside advanced input to deepen the understanding and usability of these methods in social and affective neuroscience for more experienced readers.
    Keywords: Social Cognition ; Clinical Neuroscience ; Moral Emotions ; Embodiment ; Social bonding ; Interpersonal Neuroscience ; Rapid Emotional Responses ; Mirror Neurons ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: English
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    CBD (2022)
    The MIT Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: A comprehensive review of the scientific literature on the possible benefits of CBD, describing findings from both preclinical and human clinical studies. CBD (cannabidiol), a nonintoxicating compound derived from the cannabis plant, can be found in products ranging from lotion and smoothies to chewable gummies and pet treats. It's been promoted—but not always scientifically validated—as a treatment for medical conditions including psychosis, anxiety, pain, and even cancer. In this book, three leading cannabis researchers look at the science of CBD, offering a comprehensive review of the scientific literature on the possible benefits of CBD and describing their findings from both preclinical and human clinical studies. As it turns out, the current CBD fad has some basis in preclinical animal research that indicates potential beneficial effects. Clinical studies, hampered by regulations governing research with cannabis, have lagged behind the basic animal research. The authors examine what research shows about chemical and pharmacological aspects of CBD and CBD's interaction with THC, the main psychotropic compound found in cannabis. They go on to review the current state of knowledge about CBD's effectiveness in treating epilepsy, cancer, nausea, pain, anxiety, PTSD, depression, sleep disorders, psychosis, and addiction.
    Keywords: CBD;treatment;therapy;oil;pain;anxiety;neuroprotection;cancer;addiction;cannabis;PTSD ; thema EDItEUR::V Health, Relationships and Personal development::VX Mind, body, spirit::VXH Complementary therapies, healing and health::VXHT Traditional medicine and herbal remedies ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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    Imperfections (2022)
    Bloomsbury Academic | Bloomsbury Academic
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This open access book synthesizes the swiftly growing critical scholarship on mistakes, glitches, and other aesthetics and logics of imperfection into the first transdisciplinary, transnational framework of imperfection studies. In recent years, the trend to present the notion of imperfection as a plus rather than a problem has resonated across a range of social and creative disciplines and a wealth of world localities. As digital tools allow media users to share ever more suave selfies and success stories, psychologists promote 'the gifts of imperfections' and point to perfectionism as a catalyst for rising depression and burnout complaints and suicide rates among millennials. As sound technologies increasingly permit musicians to 'smoothen' their work, composers increasingly praise glitches, noise, and cracks. As genetic engineering upgrades with swift speed, philosophers, marketeers, and physicians plea 'against perfection' and supermarkets successfully advertise 'perfectly imperfect' vegetables. Meanwhile, cultural analysts point at skewed perspectives, blurry images, and other 'deliberate imperfections' in new and historical cinema, painting, photography, music, and literature. While these and other experts applaud imperfection, scholars in fields ranging from disability studies to tourism critically interrogate a trend to fetishize imperfection and poverty. They rightfully warn against projecting privileged (and, often, emphatically western-biased) feel-good stories onto the less privileged, the distorted, and the frail. The editors unite the different strands in imperfection thinking across various disciplines tools. In fourteen chapters by experts from different world localities, they offer scholars and students more historically grounded and more critically informed conceptualizations of the imperfect. This book is available as open access through the Bloomsbury Open programme and is available on www.bloomsburycollections.com.
    Keywords: Film & Media ; Media Theory (Film & Media) ; Media History (Film & Media) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science
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    Neurolaw (2022)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book aims to contribute to the ongoing debate on neuroscience, justice, and security, by examining how neuroscience could contribute to fair and more effective criminal justice systems, and how both neurosci entific insights and information can be integrated into criminal law in a way that respects fundamental rights and moral values. The first part approaches these questions from a legal perspective, followed by ethical accounts in part two.
    Keywords: neuroscience; justice; security; criminal justice system ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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    Active Inference (2022)
    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The first comprehensive treatment of active inference, an integrative perspective on brain, cognition, and behavior used across multiple disciplines. Active inference is a way of understanding sentient behavior—a theory that characterizes perception, planning, and action in terms of probabilistic inference. Developed by theoretical neuroscientist Karl Friston over years of groundbreaking research, active inference provides an integrated perspective on brain, cognition, and behavior that is increasingly used across multiple disciplines including neuroscience, psychology, and philosophy. Active inference puts the action into perception. This book offers the first comprehensive treatment of active inference, covering theory, applications, and cognitive domains. Active inference is a “first principles” approach to understanding behavior and the brain, framed in terms of a single imperative to minimize free energy. The book emphasizes the implications of the free energy principle for understanding how the brain works. It first introduces active inference both conceptually and formally, contextualizing it within current theories of cognition. It then provides specific examples of computational models that use active inference to explain such cognitive phenomena as perception, attention, memory, and planning.
    Keywords: Active Inference ; free energy ; predictive coding ; Bayesian inference ; predictive processing ; planning as inference ; active sensing ; hypothesis testing ; behavior ; theoretical neurobiology ; brain ; computational neuroscience ; perception ; planning ; action ; control. ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTM Philosophy of mind
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    Language in Our Brain (2022)
    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: A comprehensive account of the neurobiological basis of language, arguing that species-specific brain differences may be at the root of the human capacity for language. Language makes us human. It is an intrinsic part of us, although we seldom think about it. Language is also an extremely complex entity with subcomponents responsible for its phonological, syntactic, and semantic aspects. In this landmark work, Angela Friederici offers a comprehensive account of these subcomponents and how they are integrated. Tracing the neurobiological basis of language across brain regions in humans and other primate species, she argues that species-specific brain differences may be at the root of the human capacity for language. Friederici shows which brain regions support the different language processes and, more important, how these brain regions are connected structurally and functionally to make language processes that take place in milliseconds possible. She finds that one particular brain structure (a white matter dorsal tract), connecting syntax-relevant brain regions, is present only in the mature human brain and only weakly present in other primate brains. Is this the “missing link” that explains humans' capacity for language? Friederici describes the basic language functions and their brain basis; the language networks connecting different language-related brain regions; the brain basis of language acquisition during early childhood and when learning a second language, proposing a neurocognitive model of the ontogeny of language; and the evolution of language and underlying neural constraints. She finds that it is the information exchange between the relevant brain regions, supported by the white matter tract, that is the crucial factor in both language development and evolution.
    Keywords: syntax ; development ; neurocognition ; brain function ; structure ; cognitive neuroscience ; comprehension ; linguistics ; biology ; science ; psychology ; human ; neurobiology ; neurobiological ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFM Lexicography ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMT Psychology: states of consciousness
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    Serotonin and the CNS (2022)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Serotonin is an ancient neurotransmitter system involved in various systems and functions in the body and plays an important role in health and disease. The present volume illustrates the broadness of the involvement of serotonergic activity in many processes, focusing particularly on disorders of the brain, including depression, stress and fear, Alzheimer’s disease, aggression, sexual behavior, and neuro-immune disorders. Chapters illustrate techniques and methods used to study the complex role of the serotonergic system in all kinds of processes, present new hypotheses for several brain disorders like sleep and depression, and use mathematical modeling as a tool to advance knowledge of the extremely complex brain and body processes.
    Keywords: Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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    Reason and Less (2022)
    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: A new, biologically driven model of human behavior in which reason is tethered to the evolutionarily older autonomic, instinctive, and associative systems. In Reason and Less, Vinod Goel explains the workings of the tethered mind. Reason does not float on top of our biology but is tethered to evolutionarily older autonomic, instinctive, and associative systems. After describing the conceptual and neuroanatomical basis of each system, Goel shows how they interact to generate a blended response. Goel's commonsense account drives human behavior back into the biology, where it belongs, and provides a richer set of tools for understanding how we pursue food, sex, and politics. Goel takes the reader on a journey through psychology (cognitive, behavioral, developmental, and evolutionary), neuroscience, philosophy, ethology, economics, and political science to explain the workings of the tethered mind. One key insight that holds everything together is that feelings—generated in old, widely conserved brain stem structures—are evolution's solution to initiating and selecting all behaviors, and provide the common currency for the different systems to interact. Reason is as much about feelings as are lust and the taste of chocolate cake. All systems contribute to behavior and the overall control structure is one that maximizes pleasure and minimizes displeasure. Tethered rationality has some sobering and challenging implications for such real-world human behaviors as climate change denial, Trumpism, racism, or sexism. They cannot be changed simply by targeting beliefs but will require more drastic measures, the nature of which depends on the specific behavior in question. Having an accurate model of human behavior is the crucial first step.
    Keywords: rational ; reasoning ; decision making ; instincts ; heuristics ; emotions ; feelings ; human nature ; irrational ; arational ; belief revision ; behavioral economics ; neural plasticity ; changing worldviews ; science denial ; human behavior ; human behaviour ; tethered rationality ; blended response ; brains ; neural development ; evolution ; minds ; politics ; conspiracy theories ; weight management ; climate change ; overeating ; lust ; sex ; food ; in group outgroup bias ; cheaters ; gender roles ; impeachment ; covid-19 ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCK Behavioural economics
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    The Cortex and the Critical Point (2022)
    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: How the cerebral cortex operates near a critical phase transition point for optimum performance. Individual neurons have limited computational powers, but when they work together, it is almost like magic. Firing synchronously and then breaking off to improvise by themselves, they can be paradoxically both independent and interdependent. This happens near the critical point: when neurons are poised between a phase where activity is damped and a phase where it is amplified, where information processing is optimized, and complex emergent activity patterns arise. The claim that neurons in the cortex work best when they operate near the critical point is known as the criticality hypothesis. In this book John Beggs—one of the pioneers of this hypothesis—offers an introduction to the critical point and its relevance to the brain. Drawing on recent experimental evidence, Beggs first explains the main ideas underlying the criticality hypotheses and emergent phenomena. He then discusses the critical point and its two main consequences—first, scale-free properties that confer optimum information processing; and second, universality, or the idea that complex emergent phenomena, like that seen near the critical point, can be explained by relatively simple models that are applicable across species and scale. Finally, Beggs considers future directions for the field, including research on homeostatic regulation, quasicriticality, and the expansion of the cortex and intelligence. An appendix provides technical material; many chapters include exercises that use freely available code and data sets.
    Keywords: Critical point ; Phase transition ; Cortex ; Neuronal avalanche ; Power law ; Homeostasis ; Optimality ; Universality ; Epilepsy ; Neural network ; Computational neuroscience ; Neuroscience ; Information theory ; Electrophysiology. ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHV Applied physics::PHVS Cryogenics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQN Neural networks and fuzzy systems
    Language: English
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    Neuroscience and Philosophy (2022)
    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Philosophers and neuroscientists address central issues in both fields, including morality, action, mental illness, consciousness, perception, and memory. Philosophers and neuroscientists grapple with the same profound questions involving consciousness, perception, behavior, and moral judgment, but only recently have the two disciplines begun to work together. This volume offers fourteen original chapters that address these issues, each written by a team that includes at least one philosopher and one neuroscientist, who integrate disciplinary perspectives and reflect the latest research in both fields. Topics include morality, empathy, agency, the self, mental illness, neuroprediction, optogenetics, pain, vision, consciousness, memory, concepts, mind wandering, and the neural basis of psychological categories. The chapters first address basic issues about our social and moral lives: how we decide to act and ought to act toward each other, how we understand each other's mental states and selves, and how we deal with pressing social problems regarding crime and mental or brain health. The following chapters consider basic issues about our mental lives: how we classify and recall what we experience, how we see and feel objects in the world, how we ponder plans and alternatives, and how our brains make us conscious and create specific mental states. Contributors Sara Abdulla, Eyal Aharoni, Corey H. Allen, Sara Aronowitz, Jenny Blumenthal-Barby, Ned Block, Allison J. Brager, Antonio Cataldo, Tony Cheng, Felipe De Brigard, Rachel N. Denison, Jim A. C. Everett, Gidon Felsen, Julia Haas, Hyemin Han, Zac Irving, Kristina Krasich, Enoch Lambert, Cristina Leon, Anna Leshinskaya, Jordan L. Livingston, Brian Maniscalco, Joshua May, Joseph McCaffrey, Jorge Morales, Samuel Murray, Thomas Nadelhoffer, Laura Niemi, Brian Odegaard, Hannah Read, Robyn Repko Waller, Sarah Robins, Jason Samaha, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Joshua August Skorburg, Shannon Spaulding, Arjen Stolk, Rita Svetlova, Natalia Washington, Clifford Workman, Jessey Wright
    Keywords: Neuroscience ; Philosophy ; Moral judgment ; Empathy ; Agency ; Neuroprediction ; Self ; Memory ; Vision ; Perception ; Touch ; Concepts ; Mind-Wandering ; Cognitive Ontology ; Optogenetics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDX Popular philosophy
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    Brain-Computer Interface (2022)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Brain-computer interfacing (BCI) with the use of advanced artificial intelligence identification is a rapidly growing new technology that allows a silently commanding brain to manipulate devices ranging from smartphones to advanced articulated robotic arms when physical control is not possible. BCI can be viewed as a collaboration between the brain and a device via the direct passage of electrical signals from neurons to an external system. The book provides a comprehensive summary of conventional and novel methods for processing brain signals. The chapters cover a range of topics including noninvasive and invasive signal acquisition, signal processing methods, deep learning approaches, and implementation of BCI in experimental problems.
    Keywords: Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    The Working Mind (2022)
    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: A general organismic-causal theory that explicates working memory and executive function developmentally, clarifying the nature of human intelligence. In The Working Mind, Juan Pascual-Leone and Janice M. Johnson propose a general organismic-causal theory that explicates working memory and executive function developmentally and by doing so clarifies the nature of human intelligence. Pascual-Leone and Johnson explain “from within” (that is, from a subject's own processing perspective) cognitive developmental stages of growth, describing key causal factors that can account for the emergence of the working mind as a functional totality. Among these factors is a maturationally growing mental attention. After reviewing meaning-driven processes and constructivist knowledge principles that underlie what Pascual-Leone and Johnson term their Theory of Constructive Operators (TCO), they propose the TCO as as a developmental and neuropsychological approach to human cognitive and affective processes and their development. They present a novel method of mental task analysis that generates from-within process models of subjects' attempts to solve specific tasks. They provide an interpretation of brain semiotic processes that deploys TCO in functionally distinct brain locations. Finally, they show how TCO explicates complex human issues including consciousness, the self, the will, motivation, and individual differences, with applications in education, psychotherapy, and cognitive neuropsychology.
    Keywords: cognitive development ; endogenous ; mental ; or executive attention ; working memory ; mental processes in infancy ; task analysis of symbolic processes ; processing complexity ; theory of constructive operators ; neoPiagetian theory ; constructivism ; consciousness ; schemes or schemas ; cognitive neuropsychology ; intelligence ; developmental stages ; schemes ; theory of development ; epistemology ; dialectics ; abstraction ; dialectical constructivism ; reality resistances ; overdetermination ; mental attention ; causal theories ; equilibration ; accommodation ; constructivist learning ; functional invariants ; misleading versus facilitating situations ; learning paradox ; reflective abstraction ; mediation ; Piagetian conservation ; affect and emotion processes ; sensorimotor stages ; mental-attention in infancy ; emergence of symbolic function ; task analysis of infancy tasks ; cognitive versus affective schemes ; signals versus symbols ; consciousness in infants ; M-power versus M-demand trade-off ; theory of mind ; object permanence ; semiotics ; signalic versus symbolic function ; iconic versus indexical function ; distal versus proximal object ; chimpanzees' symbols ; intentionality ; types of schemes ; scheme learning ; sensorimotor versus symbolic executives ; hierarchical reinforcement learning ; operative schemes ; figurative schemes ; executive schemes ; resistances ; expectancies ; automatic or effortless attention ; type-1 versus type-2 thinking ; facilitating versus misleading situations ; mental flow ; automatic inhibition ; internal field factor ; mental or effortful attention ; affects a ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMC Child, developmental and lifespan psychology
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    Cognitive and Neurophysiological Models of Brain Asymmetry (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Asymmetry is an inherent characteristic of brain organization in both humans and other vertebrate species, and is evident at the behavioral, neurophysiological, and structural levels. Brain asymmetry underlies the organization of several cognitive systems, such as emotion, communication, and spatial processing. Despite this ubiquity of asymmetries in the vertebrate brain, we are only beginning to understand the complex neuronal mechanisms underlying the interaction between hemispheric asymmetries and cognitive systems. Unfortunately, despite the vast number of empirical studies on brain asymmetries, theoretical models that aim to provide mechanistic explanations of hemispheric asymmetries are sparse in the field. Therefore, this Special Issue aims to highlight empirically based mechanistic models of brain asymmetry. Overall, six theoretical and four empirical articles were published in the Special Issue, covering a wide range of topics, from human handedness to auditory laterality in bats. Two key challenges for theoretical models of brain asymmetry are the integration of increasingly complex molecular data into testable models, and the creation of theoretical models that are robust and testable across different species.
    Keywords: Silbo Gomero ; whistle language ; cerebral lateralization ; brain asymmetry ; dichotic listening task ; situs inversus ; heterotaxy ; visceral asymmetry ; vertebrate asymmetry ; human laterality ; left-right differentiation ; brain torque ; ciliopathy ; parrots ; footedness ; brain mass ; body mass ; nidopallium ; optic tectum ; optic tecta ; Wulst ; lateral asymmetry ; finite element method ; electrical field potential ; dipole moment ; power ; EEG ; bilateria ; cerebral asymmetry ; handedness ; language ; molecular asymmetry ; situs ; primary auditory cortex (A1) ; Doppler-shifted constant frequency (DSCF) ; mustached bat ; sex differences ; amplitude ; spectral ; temporal ; hemispheric specialization ; social communication ; frequency modulation (FM) ; neurodevelopment ; GWAS ; heritability ; quantitative trait ; polygenic scores ; avian brain ; brain asymmetries ; hemispheric lateralization ; ontogeny ; epigenetic ; neuronal plasticity ; visual system ; cerebral polymorphisms ; cerebral dominance ; DC model ; genetics ; polygenic model ; bilateral language ; functional modules ; language evolution ; lateralization ; MRI ; baboon ; development ; language areas ; neuroscience ; brain ; asymmetry ; laterality ; functional hemispheric asymmetries ; structural hemispheric asymmetries ; theoretical models ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    Social Decision-Making in Animals (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: social-decision making ; animal behavior ; behavioral ecology ; animal collective behavior ; animal SDM ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    Physiology of Myelin Forming Cells, from Myelination to Neural Modulators (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: oligodendrocyte ; Schwann cell ; oligodendrocyte precursor cell ; myelin ; myelin repair ; axon physiology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    The molecular pathology of cognitive decline: Focus on metals (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In the past two decades there have been significant advances made in understanding the cellular and molecular alterations that occur with brain ageing, as well as with our understanding of age-related brain diseases. Ageing is associated with a mid-life decline in many cognitive domains (eg. Attention, working memory, episodic memory) that progresses with advancing age and which may be potentiated by a variety of diseases. However, despite the breadth of attempts to explain it, the underlying basis for age-related memory impairment remains poorly understood. Both normal and “pathological” ageing (as in age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease) may be associated with overlapping and increased levels of “abnormal” pathology, and this may be a potential mediator of cognitive decline in both populations. An emerging hypothesis in this field is that metal ion dys/homeostasis may represent a primary unifying mechanism to explain age- and disease-associated memory impairment – either indirectly via an effect on disease pathogenesis, or by a direct effect on signaling pathways relevant to learning and memory. There remains a concerted worldwide effort to deliver an effective therapeutic treatment for cognitive decline associated with ageing and/or disease, which is currently an unmet need. There have been numerous clinical trials conducted specifically testing drugs to prevent cognitive decline and progression to dementia, but to date the results have been less than impressive, highlighting the urgent need for a greater understanding of the neurobiological basis of memory impairment in ageing and disease which can then drive the search for effective therapeutics.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Down Syndrome ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ; Parkinson's disease ; aluminium ; Iron ; TBI ; Cognition ; Copper ; Alzheimer's disease ; Zinc ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    Neuromorphic Engineering Systems and Applications (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Neuromorphic engineering has just reached its 25th year as a discipline. In the first two decades neuromorphic engineers focused on building models of sensors, such as silicon cochleas and retinas, and building blocks such as silicon neurons and synapses. These designs have honed our skills in implementing sensors and neural networks in VLSI using analog and mixed mode circuits. Over the last decade the address event representation has been used to interface devices and computers from different designers and even different groups. This facility has been essential for our ability to combine sensors, neural networks, and actuators into neuromorphic systems. More recently, several big projects have emerged to build very large scale neuromorphic systems. The Telluride Neuromorphic Engineering Workshop (since 1994) and the CapoCaccia Cognitive Neuromorphic Engineering Workshop (since 2009) have been instrumental not only in creating a strongly connected research community, but also in introducing different groups to each other’s hardware. Many neuromorphic systems are first created at one of these workshops. With this special research topic, we showcase the state-of-the-art in neuromorphic systems.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; neuromorphic engineering ; Learning ; Floating gate ; Neural Network ; spike-based ; event-based ; simulation ; dynamic vision sensor ; network ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    Abstract Mathematical Cognition (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Despite the importance of mathematics in our educational systems little is known about how abstract mathematical thinking emerges. Under the uniting thread of mathematical development, we hope to connect researchers from various backgrounds to provide an integrated view of abstract mathematical cognition. Much progress has been made in the last 20 years on how numeracy is acquired. Experimental psychology has brought to light the fact that numerical cognition stems from spatial cognition. The findings from neuroimaging and single cell recording experiments converge to show that numerical representations take place in the intraparietal sulcus. Further research has demonstrated that supplementary neural networks might be recruited to carry out subtasks; for example, the retrieval of arithmetic facts is done by the angular gyrus. Now that the neural networks in charge of basic mathematical cognition are identified, we can move onto the stage where we seek to understand how these basics skills are used to support the acquisition and use of abstract mathematical concepts.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Neuroimaging ; development ; numerosity ; gifted ; Mathematical Cognition ; algebra ; abstract ; Expertise ; Arithmetic ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    Origins of the Resting-State fMRI Signal (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: resting-state fMRI ; fMRI denoising ; vascular modulation ; head motion ; arousal ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    The Role of Glia in Plasticity and Behavior (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Glial cells are no longer considered passive bystanders in neuronal brain circuits. Not only are they required for housekeeping and brain metabolism, they are active participants in regulating the physiological function and plasticity of brain circuits and the online control of behavior both in invertebrate and vertebrate model systems. In invertebrates, glial cells are essential for normal function of sensory organs (C. elegans) and necessary for the circadian regulation of locomotor activity (D. melanogaster). In the mamallian brain, astrocytes are implicated in the regulation of cortical brain rhythms and sleep homeostasis. Disruption of AMPA receptor function in a subset of glial cell types in mice shows behavioral deficits. Furthermore, genetic disruption of glial cell function can directly control behavioral output. Regulation of ionic gradients by glia can underlie bistability of neurons and can modulate the fidelity of synaptic transmission. Grafting of human glial progenitor cells in mouse forebrain results in human glial chimeric mice with enhanced plasticity and improved behavioral performance, suggesting that astrocytes have evolved to cope with information processing in more complex brains. Taken together, current evidence is strongly suggestive that glial cells are essential contributors to information processing in the brain. This Research Topic compiles recent research that shows how the molecular mechanisms underlying glial cell function can be dissected, reviews their impact on plasticity and behavior across species and presents novel approaches to further probe their function.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Cerebellum ; C. elegans ; Astrocytes ; DREADD ; Cortex ; plasticity ; Gq ; Behavior ; glia ; Hippocampus ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    Manipulative approaches to human brain dynamics (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In this EBook, we highlight how newly emerging techniques for non-invasive manipulation of the human brain, combined with simultaneous recordings of neural activity, contribute to the understanding of brain functions and neural dynamics in humans. A growing body of evidence indicates that the neural dynamics (e.g., oscillations, synchrony) are important in mediating information processing and networking for various functions in the human brain. Most of previous studies on human brain dynamics, however, show correlative relationships between brain functions and patterns of neural dynamics measured by imaging methods such as electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In contrast, manipulative approaches by non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) have been developed and extensively used. These approaches include transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial electric stimulation (tES) such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), alternating current stimulation (tACS), and random noise stimulation (tRNS), which can directly manipulate neural dynamics in the intact human brain. Although the neural-correlate approach is a strong tool, we think that manipulative approaches have far greater potential to show causal roles of neural dynamics in human brain functions. There have been technical challenges with using manipulative methods together with imaging methods. However, thanks to recent technical developments, it has become possible to use combined methods such as TMS–EEG coregistration. We can now directly measure and manipulate neural dynamics and analyze functional consequences to show causal roles of neural dynamics in various brain functions. Moreover, these combined methods can probe brain excitability, plasticity and cortical networking associated with information processing in the intact human brain. The contributors to this EBook have succeeded in showcasing cutting-edge studies and demonstrate the huge impact of their approaches on many areas in human neuroscience and clinical applications.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; non-invasive brain stimulation NIBS ; TMS-EEG ; Transcranial magnetic stimulation TMS ; transcranial electric stimulation tES ; Coregistration ; Near-infrared spectroscopy NIRS ; Functional magnetic resonance imaging fMRI ; transcranial direct current stimulation tDCS ; transcranial alternating current stimulation tACS ; transcranial random noise stimulation tRNS ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    The enigma of Balint's syndrome: complexity of neural substrates and cognitive deficits (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Bálint’s syndrome is named after the Hungarian physician who first reported a remarkable case of a man with complex visuospatial deficits following bilateral lesions within parietal and occipital cortex (Bálint, 1909). The syndrome has three primary symptoms: simultanagnosia (impaired spatial awareness of more than one object at time), optic ataxia (misreaching to visual targets) and ocular apraxia (described by Bálint as “psychic paralysis of gaze”). Balint’s patients not only cannot perceive more than one object at time and therefore show poor comprehension of multi-object visual scenes i.e. poor detection of all the objects present and difficulty in grasping the relationship between them; in addition they typically fail to reach towards location of the single object, which they can perceive. The deficit of the allocation of spatial attention in Balint’s syndrome has been linked to a problem in feature binding which results in illusory conjunctions. Patients with Balint’s syndrome also show deficits in global processing i.e. when integration of multiple local elements into global compound shapes is required. Consequently, Balint’s syndrome provides a unique opportunity to study the nature and neuroanatomy of human visuospatial processing, in particular multi-level object representation, spatial awareness and the distribution of visual attention. The studies collected here cover both the anatomical and the cognitive mechanisms of the different symptoms associated with the syndrome. Furthermore, the dissociations between the components of Bálints’ syndrome, in particular simultanagnosia and optic ataxia, can also co-occur with visual neglect and extinction and the different combinations of reported lesions raises a question about the status of the syndrome and whether it should be merely treated as a historical compilation of symptoms which may or may not coexist cohesively. This interesting argument is raised here.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; posterior cortical atrophy ; Balints syndrome ; optic ataxia ; Posterior parietal cortex ; simultanagnosia ; ocular apraxia ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    Ca2+ and Ca2+-interlocked Membrane Guanylate Cyclase Modulation (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The tale of cyclic GMP has been astonishing. Having overcome an initial disbelief, cyclic GMP has risen to its present eminence as a premium cellular signal transduction messenger of not only hormonal extracellular but also of the intracellular signals. This research topic focuses on the pathways and functions of membrane guanylate cyclases in different tissues of the body and their interplay with intracellular sensory signals where in many cases, cyclic GMP along with Ca2+ have taken on roles as synarchic co-messengers.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Glaucoma ; Visceral Pain ; Calcium ; membrane guanylate cyclase ; ANF-RGC ; Gene Therapy ; Cyclic GMP ; synaptic plasticity ; trafficking ; ROS-GC ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    Neuroscientific Research for Management of Dementia (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease ; Neurodegeneration ; Peptides ; cognitive ; model ; Parkinson's disease ; database ; transgenic ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    The truth in complexes: why unraveling ion channel multi-protein signaling nexuses is critical for understanding the function of the nervous system (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In the search for simple explanations of the natural world, its complicated textures are often filed down to a smoothened surface of our liking. The impetus for this Research Topic was borne out of a need to re-ignite interest in the complex – in this case in the context of ion channels in the nervous system. Ion channels are the large proteins that form regulated pores in the membranes of cells and, in the brain, are essential for the transfer, processing and storage of information. These pores full of twists and turns themselves are not just barren bridges into cells. More and more we are beginning to understand that ion channels are like bustling medieval bridges (packed with apartments and shops) rather than the more sleek modern variety – they are dynamic hubs connected with many structures facilitating associated activities. Our understanding of these networks continues to expand as our investigative tools advance. Together these articles highlight how the complexity of ion channel signaling nexuses is critical to the proper functioning of the nervous system.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Nervous System ; Ion Channels ; Interactome ; cellular signaling ; Protein complexes ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    The Functional Anatomy of the Reticular Formation (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: Brainstem monoamine neurons ; locus coeruleus ; emotion ; pain ; morphometry ; amphetamine derivatives ; sleep ; gaze ; trigeminal nerve ; microglia. ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    Rethinking Interdisciplinarity across the Social Sciences and Neurosciences (2021)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This book offers a provocative account of interdisciplinary research across the neurosciences, social sciences and humanities. Setting itself against standard accounts of interdisciplinary 'integration,' and rooting itself in the authors' own experiences, the book establishes a radical agenda for collaboration across these disciplines. Rethinking Interdisciplinarity does not merely advocate interdisciplinary research, but attends to the hitherto tacit pragmatics, affects, power dynamics, and spatial logics in which that research is enfolded. Understanding the complex relationships between brains, minds, and environments requires a delicate, playful and genuinely experimental interdisciplinarity, and this book shows us how it can be done.
    Keywords: neurosciences ; interdisciplinarity ; social sciences ; interdisciplinary research ; integration ; humanities ; Des Fitzgerald ; Epistemology ; Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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    Neuroendocrine mechanisms that connect feeding behavior and stress (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Research during the past decade highlights the strong link between appetitive feeding behavior, reward and motivation. Interestingly, stress levels can affect feeding behavior by manipulating hypothalamic circuits and brain dopaminergic reward pathways. Indeed, animals and people will increase or decrease their feeding responses when stressed. In many cases acute stress leads to a decrease in food intake, yet chronic social stressors are associated to increases in caloric intake and adiposity. Interestingly, mood disorders and the treatments used to manage these disorders are also associated with changes in appetite and body weight. These data suggest a strong interaction between the systems that regulate feeding and metabolism and those that regulate mood. This Research Topic aims to illustrate how hormonal mechanisms regulate the nexus between feeding behavior and stress. It focuses on the hormonal regulation of hypothalamic circuits and/or brain dopaminergic systems, as the potential sites controlling the converging pathways between feeding behavior and stress.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; stress ; Obesity ; Dopamine ; Ghrelin ; Leptin ; Seasonal regulation ; feeding ; HPA axis ; Hypothalamus ; circadian rhythms ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    The Clinical and Ethical Practice of Neuromodulation - Deep Brain Stimulation and Beyond (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: euromodulation is among the fastest-growing areas of medicine, involving many diverse specialties and affecting hundreds of thousands of patients with numerous disorders worldwide. It can briefly be described as the science of how electrical, chemical, and mechanical interventions can modulate the nervous system function. A prominent example of neuromodulation is deep brain stimulation (DBS), an intervention that reflects a fundamental shift in the understanding of neurological and psychiatric diseases: namely as resulting from a dysfunctional activity pattern in a defined neuronal network that can be normalized by targeted stimulation. The application of DBS has grown remarkably and more than 130,000 patients worldwide have obtained a DBS intervention in the past 30 years—most of them for treating movement disorders. This Frontiers Research Topics provides an overview on the current discussion beyond basic research in DBS and other brain stimulation technologies. Researchers from various disciplines, who are working on broader clinical, ethical and social issues related to DBS and related neuromodulation technologies, have contributed to this research topic.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Informed Consent ; Deep Brain Stimulation ; Depression ; Neurosurgery ; Movement Disorders ; Neuromodulation ; Enhancement ; Neuroethics ; Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    Augmentation of Brain Function: Facts, Fiction and Controversy. Volume I: Brain-Machine Interfaces (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Volume I, entitled “Augmentation of Brain Functions: Brain-Machine Interfaces”, is a collection of articles on neuroprosthetic technologies that utilize brain-machine interfaces (BMIs). BMIs strive to augment the brain by linking neural activity, recorded invasively or noninvasively, to external devices, such as arm prostheses, exoskeletons that enable bipedal walking, means of communication and technologies that augment attention. In addition to many practical applications, BMIs provide useful research tools for basic science. Several articles cover challenges and controversies in this rapidly developing field, such as ways to improve information transfer rate. BMIs can be applied to the awake state of the brain and to the sleep state, as well. BMIs can augment action planning and decision making. Importantly, BMI operations evoke brain plasticity, which can have long-lasting effects. Advanced neural decoding algorithms that utilize optimal feedback controllers are key to the BMI performance. BMI approach can be combined with the other augmentation methods; such systems are called hybrid BMIs. Overall, it appears that BMI will lead to many powerful and practical brain-augmenting technologies in the future.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; microcircuits ; Brain machine interface (BMI) ; nootropics ; tDCStranscranial direct current stimulation ; neural networks ; neuroprosthesis ; TMS ; implants ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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    Recent Advances and Challenges on Big Data Analysis in Neuroimaging (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Big data is revolutionizing our ability to measure and study the human brain. New technology increases the resolution of images that are being study as well as enables researchers to study the brain as it functions. These technological advances are combined with efforts to collect neuroimaging data on large numbers of subjects, in some cases longitudinally. This combination of advances in measurement and scope of studies requires novel development in the statistical analysis. Fast, scalable, robust and accurate models and approaches need to be developed to make headway on these problems. This volume represents a unique collection of researchers providing deep insights on the statistical analysis of big neuroimaging data.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; fMRI ; Neuroscience ; functional connectivity ; EEG ; Classification ; prediction ; big data ; MEG ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    Sleep Spindles: Breaking the Methodological Wall (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In the last decade, sleep spindles have attracted steadily increasing attention. This interest is motivated by the many intriguing relationships between spindles and various diseases (e.g., schizophrenia, Parkinson, Alzheimer, autism, mental retardation), recovery processes (e.g., post brain stroke), and cognitive faculties (e.g., memory consolidation, intelligence, dream recall, sleep preservation). Nonetheless, a methodological wall has impeded the study of sleep spindles. Their investigation rests heavily on our ability to reliably and consistently identify spindle patterns from background EEG activity, a task involving many obstacles, including: a fuzzy definition of spindles, low inter-expert agreement on their scoring, lack of consensus on standard techniques for their automated detection, low reproducibility of observed characteristics and correlates, unavailability of large, standardized, high-quality databases, and inconsistencies in the methods used to evaluate the performance of automated detectors. The primary aims of this research topic were to bring together world-class researchers on a project designed to facilitate exchanges on methodological difficulties encountered in assessing sleep spindles and to promote standardized spindle-related resources. In preparing their contributions, authors were encouraged to use existing – or to propose new – publicly available resources for assessing sleep spindles. To allow fair and accurate comparison of reported results, the authors were also encouraged to validate their tools on a common benchmark. A database containing expert spindle scoring (i.e., the Montreal Archive of Sleep Studies) was made publicly available for that purpose.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Neural oscillations ; Electroencephalography (EEG) ; Sleep ; Sleep Spindles ; Memory ; IQ ; sigma waves ; automatic detection ; biomarker ; Open access ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    Temporal Structure of Neural Processes Coupling Sensory, Motor and Cognitive Functions of the Brain (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: binding ; perception ; multi-scale timing ; temporal coupling ; mutual information ; time-dimension in the brain ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    Interventional Strategies for Enhancing Quality of Life and Health Span in Older Adults (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: older adults ; interventional strategies ; quality of life ; health span ; neuroscience of aging ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    Adaptive Function and Brain Evolution (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The brain of each animal shows specific traits that reflect its phylogenetic history and its particular lifestyle. Therefore, comparing brains is not just a mere intellectual exercise, but it helps understanding how the brain allows adaptive behavioural strategies to face an ever-changing world and how this complex organ has evolved during phylogeny, giving rise to complex mental processes in humans and other animals. These questions attracted scientists since the times of Santiago Ramon y Cajal one of the founders of comparative neurobiology. In the last decade, this discipline has undergone a true revolution due to the analysis of expression patterns of morphogenetic genes in embryos of different animals. The papers of this e-book are good examples of modern comparative neurobiology, which mainly focuses on the following four Grand Questions: a) How are different brains built during ontogeny? b) What is the anatomical organization of mature brains and how can they be compared? c) How do brains work to accomplish their function of ensuring survival and, ultimately, reproductive success? d) How have brains evolved during phylogeny? The title of this e-book, Adaptive Function and Brain Evolution, stresses the importance of comparative studies to understand brain function and, the reverse, of considering brain function to properly understand brain evolution. These issues should be taken into account when using animals in the research of mental function and dysfunction, and are fundamental to understand the origins of the human mind.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; comparative neurobiology ; brain evolution ; phylogeny ; ontogeny ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    Molecular, Cellular and Model Organism Approaches for Understanding the Basis of Neurological Disease (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The advent of next-generation sequencing technologies has resulted in a remarkable increase our understanding of human and animal neurological disorders through the identification of disease causing or protective sequence variants. However, in many cases, robust disease models are required to understand how changes at the DNA, RNA or protein level affect neuronal and synaptic function, or key signalling pathways. In turn, these models may enable understanding of key disease processes and the identification of new targets for the medicines of the future. This e-book contains original research papers and reviews that highlight either the impact of next-generation sequencing in the understanding of neurological disorders, or utilise molecular, cellular, and whole-organism models to validate disease-causing or protective sequence variants.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Stem Cells ; glycine receptor ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ; Parkinson's disease ; PET imaging ; LRRK2 ; Zebrafish ; Inflammation ; GABA-A receptor ; NMDA receptors ; Intellectual Disability ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    Self-Organization in the Nervous System (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This special issue reviews state-of-the-art approaches to the biophysical roots of cognition. These approaches appeal to the notion that cognitive capacities serve to optimize responses to changing external conditions. Crucially, this optimisation rests on the ability to predict changes in the environment, thus allowing organisms to respond pre-emptively to changes before their onset. The biophysical mechanisms that underwrite these cognitive capacities remain largely unknown; although a number of hypotheses has been advanced in systems neuroscience, biophysics and other disciplines. These hypotheses converge on the intersection of thermodynamic and information-theoretic formulations of self-organization in the brain. The latter perspective emerged when Shannon’s theory of message transmission in communication systems was used to characterise message passing between neurons. In its subsequent incarnations, the information theory approach has been integrated into computational neuroscience and the Bayesian brain framework. The thermodynamic formulation rests on a view of the brain as an aggregation of stochastic microprocessors (neurons), with subsequent appeal to the constructs of statistical mechanics and thermodynamics. In particular, the use of ensemble dynamics to elucidate the relationship between micro-scale parameters and those of the macro-scale aggregation (the brain). In general, the thermodynamic approach treats the brain as a dissipative system and seeks to represent the development and functioning of cognitive mechanisms as collective capacities that emerge in the course of self-organization. Its explicanda include energy efficiency; enabling progressively more complex cognitive operations such as long-term prediction and anticipatory planning. A cardinal example of the Bayesian brain approach is the free energy principle that explains self-organizing dynamics in the brain in terms of its predictive capabilities – and selective sampling of sensory inputs that optimise variational free energy as a proxy for Bayesian model evidence. An example of thermodynamically grounded proposals, in this issue, associates self-organization with phase transitions in neuronal state-spaces; resulting in the formation of bounded neuronal assemblies (neuronal packets). This special issue seeks a discourse between thermodynamic and informational formulations of the self-organising and self-evidencing brain. For example, could minimization of thermodynamic free energy during the formation of neuronal packets underlie minimization of variational free energy?
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; consciousness ; understanding ; Markov blanket ; Hebbian assembly ; neuronal packet ; Bayesian brain ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    Bipolar Disorder (2021)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Bipolar Disorder: Portrait of a Complex Mood Disorder is a step towards integrating many diverse perspectives on BD. As we shall see, such diversity makes it difficult to clearly define the boundaries of BD. It is helpful to view BD from this perspective, as a final common pathway arises from multiple frames of reference. The integration of epigenetics, molecular pharmacology, and neurophysiology is essential. One solution involves using this diverse data to search for endophenotypes to aid researchers, even though most clinicians prefer broader groupings of symptoms and clinical variables. Our challenge is to consolidate this new information with existing clinical practice in a usable fashion. This need for convergent thinkers who can integrate the findings in this book remains a critical need. This book is a small step in that direction and hopefully guides researchers and clinicians towards a new synthesis of basic neurosciences and clinical psychiatry
    Keywords: Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    New Advances in Electrocochleography for Clinical and Basic Investigation (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Electrocochleography (ECochG) is an approach for objective measurements of physiologic responses from the inner ear. Measurements have classically been made from electrodes placed in the outer ear canal, on the tympanic membrane, the round window niche, or inside the cochlea. Recent innovations have led to ECochG being used for exciting new purposes that drive clinical practice and contribute to the basic understanding of inner ear physiology. Cochlear implant recording electrodes can monitor the preservation of residual, low-frequency acoustic hearing, both in the operating room and post-operatively. ECochG measurements can quantify differential effects of inner ear surgery or other manipulations on vestibular and auditory physiology simultaneously. Various attributes of cognitive neuroscience can be addressed with ECochG measurements from the auditory periphery. These advances in ECochG provide a way to understand a variety of inner ear diseases and are likely to be of value to many groups in their own clinical and basic research.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; cochlear microphonic ; cochlear action potential ; sensorineural hearing loss ; compound action potential ; auditory nerve ; medial olivocochlear efferent reflex ; electrocochleography ; summating potential ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    When Things Go Wrong (2021)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In this book we have experts writing on various neuroscience topics ranging from mental illness, syndromes, compulsive disorders, brain cancer and advances in therapies and imaging techniques. Although diverse, the topics provide an overview of an array of diseases and their underlying causes, as well as advances in the treatment of these ailments. This book includes three chapters dedicated to neurodegenerative diseases, undoubtedly a group of diseases of huge socio-economic importance due to the number of people currently suffering from this type of disease but also the prediction of a huge increase in the number of people becoming afflicted. The book also includes a chapter on the molecular and cellular aspects of brain cancer, a disease which is still amongst the least treatable of cancers.
    Keywords: Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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    Advanced Neuroimaging Methods for Studying Autism Disorder (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In the last twenty years, many attempts have been made to provide neurobiological models of autism. Functional, structural and connectivity analyses have highlighted reduced responses in key social areas, such as amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, cingulate cortex, and superior temporal sulcus. However, these studies present discrepant results and some of them have been questioned for methodological limitations. The aim of this research topic is to present advanced neuroimaging methods able to capture the complexity of the neural deficits displayed in autism. This special issue presents new studies using structural and functional MRI, as well as magnetoencephalography, and novel protocols to analyze data (Analysis of Cluster Variability, Noise Reduction Strategies, Source-based Morphometry, Functional Connectivity Density, Restriction Spectrum Imaging and the others). We believe it is time to integrate data provided by different techniques and methodologies in order to have a better understanding of autism.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; magnetic resonance imaging ; biomarkers ; social deficits ; autism spectrum disorder ; magnetoencephalography ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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    The Cognitive Thalamus (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Cognitive processing is commonly conceptualized as being restricted to the cerebral cortex. Accordingly, electrophysiology, neuroimaging and lesion studies involving human and animal subjects have almost exclusively focused on defining roles for cerebral cortical areas in cognition. Roles for the thalamus in cognition have been largely ignored despite the fact that the extensive connectivity between the thalamus and cerebral cortex gives rise to a closely coupled thalamo-cortical system. However, in recent years, growing interest in the thalamus as much more than a passive sensory structure, as well as methodological advances such as high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging of the thalamus and improved electrode targeting to subregions of thalamic nuclei using electrical stimulation and diffusion tensor imaging, have fostered research into thalamic contributions to cognition. Evidence suggests that behavioral context modulates processing in primary sensory, or first-order, thalamic nuclei (for example, the lateral geniculate and ventral posterior nuclei), allowing attentional filtering of incoming sensory information at an early stage of brain processing. Behavioral context appears to more strongly influence higher-order thalamic nuclei (for example, the pulvinar and mediodorsal nucleus), which receive major input from the cortex rather than the sensory periphery. Such higher-order thalamic nuclei have been shown to regulate information transmission in frontal and higher-order sensory cortex according to cognitive demands. This Research Topic aims to bring together neuroscientists who study different parts of the thalamus, particularly thalamic nuclei other than the primary sensory relays, and highlight the thalamic contributions to attention, memory, reward processing, decision-making, and language. By doing so, an emphasis is also placed on neural mechanisms common to many, if not all, of these cognitive operations, such as thalamo-cortical interactions and modulatory influences from sources in the brainstem and basal ganglia. The overall view that emerges is that the thalamus is a vital node in brain networks supporting cognition.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; neural synchrony ; cognitive control ; intralaminar thalamus ; mediodorsal thalamus ; Memory ; Pulvinar ; thalamocortical interactions ; oscillations ; anterior thalamus ; Prefrontal Cortex ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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    Dynamic Functional Connectivity in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Methods and Applications (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: Structural MRI ; functional MRI ; cognitive deficits ; depression ; anxiety ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    Methods for Synaptic Interrogation (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: synapse ; plasticity ; electrophysiology ; microscopy ; optogenetics ; methods ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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    Music, Brain, and Rehabilitation: Emerging Therapeutic Applications and Potential Neural Mechanisms (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Music is an important source of enjoyment, learning, and well-being in life as well as a rich, powerful, and versatile stimulus for the brain. With the advance of modern neuroimaging techniques during the past decades, we are now beginning to understand better what goes on in the healthy brain when we hear, play, think, and feel music and how the structure and function of the brain can change as a result of musical training and expertise. For more than a century, music has also been studied in the field of neurology where the focus has mostly been on musical deficits and symptoms caused by neurological illness (e.g., amusia, musicogenic epilepsy) or on occupational diseases of professional musicians (e.g., focal dystonia, hearing loss). Recently, however, there has been increasing interest and progress also in adopting music as a therapeutic tool in neurological rehabilitation, and many novel music-based rehabilitation methods have been developed to facilitate motor, cognitive, emotional, and social functioning of infants, children and adults suffering from a debilitating neurological illness or disorder. Traditionally, the fields of music neuroscience and music therapy have progressed rather independently, but they are now beginning to integrate and merge in clinical neurology, providing novel and important information about how music is processed in the damaged or abnormal brain, how structural and functional recovery of the brain can be enhanced by music-based rehabilitation methods, and what neural mechanisms underlie the therapeutic effects of music. Ideally, this information can be used to better understand how and why music works in rehabilitation and to develop more effective music-based applications that can be targeted and tailored towards individual rehabilitation needs. The aim of this Research Topic is to bring together research across multiple disciplines with a special focus on music, brain, and neurological rehabilitation. We encourage researchers working in the field to submit a paper presenting either original empirical research, novel theoretical or conceptual perspectives, a review, or methodological advances related to following two core topics: 1) how are musical skills and attributes (e.g., perceiving music, experiencing music emotionally, playing or singing) affected by a developmental or acquired neurological illness or disorder (for example, stroke, aphasia, brain injury, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, autism, ADHD, dyslexia, focal dystonia, or tinnitus) and 2) what is the applicability, effectiveness, and mechanisms of music-based rehabilitation methods for persons with a neurological illness or disorder? Research methodology can include behavioural, physiological and/or neuroimaging techniques, and studies can be either clinical group studies or case studies (studies of healthy subjects are applicable only if their findings have clear clinical implications).
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Neuroimaging ; Brain ; Movement ; Music ; neurological disorders ; Cognition ; Rehabilitation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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    Axonopathy in Neurodegenerative Disease (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: axon degeneration ; Neuropathy ; Glaucoma ; Mitochondrial dysfunction ; Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy ; Mitochondria ; tau ; axon transport ; Neuroinflammation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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    Autism Spectrum Disorders (2021)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Estimated prevalence rates of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have increased at an alarming rate over the past decade; current estimates stand as high as 1 in 110 persons in the population with a higher ratio of affected males to females. In addition to their emotional impact on the affected persons and their family members (in fact, the latter are often unrecognized unaffected “patients†themselves), the economic and social impacts of ASDs on society are staggering. Persons with ASDs will need interdisciplinary approaches to complex treatment and life planning, including, but not limited to, special education, speech and language therapy, vocational skills training and rehabilitation, social skills training and cognitive remediation, in addition to pharmacotherapy. The current book highlights some of the recent research on nosology, etiology, and pathophysiology. Additionally, the book touches on the implications of new research for treatment and genetic counseling. Importantly, because the field is advancing rapidly, no book can be considered the final word or finished product; thus, the availability of open access rapid publication is a mechanism that will help to assure that readers remain current and up-to-date.
    Keywords: Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    Learned Brain Self-Regulation for Emotional Processing and Attentional Modulation: From Theory to Clinical Applications (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Mounting evidence in the last years has demonstrated that self-regulation of brain activity can successfully be achieved by neurofeedback (NF). These methodologies have constituted themselves as new tools for cognitive neuroscience establishing causal links between voluntary brain activations and cognition and behavior, and as potential novel approaches for clinical applications in severe neuropsychiatric disorders (e.g. schizophrenia, depression, Parkinson´s disease, etc.). Current developments of brain imaging-based neurofeedback include the study of the behavioral modifications and neural reorganization produced by learned regulation of the activity of circumscribed brain regions and neuronal network activations. In a rapidly developing field, many open questions and controversies have arisen, i.e. choosing the proper experimental design, the adequate use of control conditions and subjects, the mechanism of learning involved in brain self-regulation, and the still unexplored potential long-lasting effect on brain reorganization and clinical alleviation, among others. This special issue on self-regulation of the brain of emotion and attention using NF approaches interested authors to report technical and methodological advances, scientific investigations in understanding the relation between brain activity and behaviour using NF, and finally studies developing clinical treatment of emotional and attentional disorders. The editors of this special issue anticipate rapid developments in this emerging field.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; emotion ; Attention ; real-time fMRI ; Neuromodulation ; Neurofeedback ; brain-machine interfaces ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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    Anger and Interpersonal Aggression (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: anger ; aggression ; violence ; aggressive behaviors ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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    Neurodegeneration and Neuroprotection in Retinal Disease (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: oxidative stress ; inflammation ; apoptosis ; nutraceuticals ; drug delivery ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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    Emerging Cellular Stress Sensors in Neurological Disorders: Closing in on the Nucleolus and the Primary Cilium (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: primary cilia ; nucleolus ; autophagy ; cellular stress ; cell homeostasis ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    Molecular mechanisms for reprogramming hippocampal development and function by early-life stress (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The early postnatal period is a crucial stage for hippocampal development. During this critical period, the neonatal hippocampus is highly sensitive to the detrimental consequences of adverse environmental factors. Extensive clinical and preclinical evidence has shown that traumatic events early in life have profound and persistent effects on hippocampal function and behavior. This research topic focuses on the acute and lasting effects of early-life stress on various developmental processes in the hippocampus, and aims to uncover the molecules that are responsible for early-life stress-programmed effects and underlie resilience or vulnerability to stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders later in life. We hope the articles in this research topic will provide novel insights and stimulate future studies on the mechanisms of early-life stress and brain development.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; development ; molecular mechanism ; early-life stress ; plasticity ; Hippocampus ; psychiatric disorders ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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    Deep Learning in Aging Neuroscience (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: deep learning ; convolutional neural networks ; brain age estimation ; neurodegenerative diseases ; automated diagnosis ; brain image segmentation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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    Turning the Mind's Eye Inward: The Interplay between Selective Attention and Working Memory (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Historically, cognitive sciences have considered selective attention and working memory as largely separated cognitive functions. That is, selective attention as a concept is typically reserved for the processes that allow for the prioritization of specific sensory input, while working memory entails more central structures for maintaining (and operating on) temporary mental representations. However, over the last decades various observations have been reported that question such sharp distinction. Most importantly, information stored in working memory has been shown to modulate selective attention processing – and vice versa. At the theoretical level, these observations are paralleled by an increasingly dominant focus on working memory as (involving) the attended part of long-term memory, with some positions considering that working memory is equivalent to selective attention turned to long-term memory representations – or internal selective attention. This questions the existence of working memory as a dedicated cognitive function and raises the need for integrative accounts of working memory and attention. The next step will be to explore the precise implications of attentional accounts of WM for the understanding of specific aspects and characteristics of WM, such as serial order processing, its modality-specificity, its capacity limitations, its relation with executive functions, as well as the nature of attentional mechanisms involved. This research topic in Frontiers in Human Neuroscience aims at bringing together the latest insights and findings about the interplay between working memory and selective attention.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; spatial attention ; working memory ; executive attention ; Internal attention ; short-term memory ; selective attention ; serial order ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    Inferior Colliculus Microcircuits (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The inferior colliculus (IC) is a unique structure in the auditory system, located between the primary auditory nuclei of the brainstem and the thalamus. The existence of the complex neural circuits in the auditory brainstem and midbrain, lacking in other sensory systems, has motivated an outpouring of research on the circuitry and physiological properties of the IC. IC neurons receive ascending inputs from over 20 separate sources in the brainstem as well as a dense collection of descending connections from the cortex. It is richly connected to both the left and right ears through these circuits and a major theme in research on the IC has been its role in binaural interactions. A second theme is the role of descending circuits in modulating responses to sound in the IC. A third theme is understanding the sound processing that occurs at the level of the IC, essentially how the representation of sound in the IC differs from that in the two auditory nerves. The representation of sound in the IC is an intermediate step in the development of the cortical representation as well as in the development of many perceptual features of sounds. These characteristics have been documented for a number of computations, including sound localization, masking properties, robustness of the representation, and responses to temporal and spectral properties of sounds. This Research Topic aims to discuss a wide range of aspects of the structure and function of the IC in a way that will facilitate future research.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; ion channel models ; inferior colliculus ; sona ; representation of sound ; internal circuitry ; Neural Pathways ; inhibitory circuits ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    Language and Cognition (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Interaction between language and cognition remains an unsolved scientific problem. What are the differences in neural mechanisms of language and cognition? Why do children acquire language by the age of six, while taking a lifetime to acquire cognition? What is the role of language and cognition in thinking? Is abstract cognition possible without language? Is language just a communication device, or is it fundamental in developing thoughts? Why are there no animals with human thinking but without human language? Combinations even among 100 words and 100 objects (multiple words can represent multiple objects) exceed the number of all the particles in the Universe, and it seems that no amount of experience would suffice to learn these associations. How does human brain overcome this difficulty?
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Brain and functional imaging ; Language ; Cognition ; Emotions ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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    How and Why Does Spatial-Hearing Ability Differ among Listeners? What Is the Role of Learning and Multisensory Interactions? (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Spatial-hearing ability has been found to vary widely across listeners. A survey of the existing auditory-space perception literature suggests that three main types of factors may account for this variability: - physical factors, e.g., acoustical characteristics related to sound-localization cues, - perceptual factors, e.g., sensory/cognitive processing, perceptual learning, multisensory interactions, - and methodological factors, e.g., differences in stimulus presentation methods across studies. However, the extent to which these–and perhaps other, still unidentified—factors actually contribute to the observed variability in spatial hearing across individuals with normal hearing or within special populations (e.g., hearing-impaired listeners) remains largely unknown. Likewise, the role of perceptual learning and multisensory interactions in the emergence of a multimodal but unified representation of “auditory space,” is still an active topic of research. A better characterization and understanding of the determinants of inter-individual variability in spatial hearing, and of its relationship with perceptual learning and multisensory interactions, would have numerous benefits. In particular, it would enhance the design of rehabilitative devices and of human-machine interfaces involving auditory, or multimodal space perception, such as virtual auditory/multimodal displays in aeronautics, or navigational aids for the visually impaired. For this Research Topic, we have considered manuscripts that: - present new methods, or review existing methods, for the study of inter-individual differences; - present new data (or review existing) data, concerning acoustical features relevant for explaining inter-individual differences in sound-localization performance; - present new (or review existing) psychophysical or neurophysiological findings concerning spatial hearing and/or auditory perceptual learning, and/or multisensory interactions in humans (normal or impaired, young or older listeners) or other species; - discuss the influence of inter-individual differences on the design and use of assistive listening devices (rehabilitation) or human-machine interfaces involving spatial hearing or multimodal perception of space (ergonomy).
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; Learning ; HRTF (head related transfer function) ; Sound Localization ; spatial hearing ; adaptation ; training ; binaural cues ; spectral cues ; mulltisensory interaction ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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    Advances in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke (2021)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In recent years research on ischemic stroke has developed powerful therapeutic tools. The novel frontiers of stem cells therapy and of hypothermia have been explored, and novel brain repair mechanisms have been discovered. Limits to intravenous thrombolysis have been advanced and powerful endovascular tools have been put at the clinicians' disposal. Surgical decompression in malignant stroke has significantly improved the prognosis of this often fatal condition. This book includes contributions from scientists active in this innovative research. Stroke physicians, students, nurses and technicians will hopefully use it as a tool of continuing medical education to update their knowledge in this rapidly changing field.
    Keywords: Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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