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  • History  (1,641)
  • thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism  (764)
  • machine learning  (679)
  • English  (3,058)
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  • 1
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    “Seeing” Beneath the Clouds—Machine‐Learning‐Based Reconstruction of North African Dust Plumes (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-22
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉Mineral dust is one of the most abundant atmospheric aerosol species and has various far‐reaching effects on the climate system and adverse impacts on air quality. Satellite observations can provide spatio‐temporal information on dust emission and transport pathways. However, satellite observations of dust plumes are frequently obscured by clouds. We use a method based on established, machine‐learning‐based image in‐painting techniques to restore the spatial extent of dust plumes for the first time. We train an artificial neural net (ANN) on modern reanalysis data paired with satellite‐derived cloud masks. The trained ANN is applied to cloud‐masked, gray‐scaled images, which were derived from false color images indicating elevated dust plumes in bright magenta. The images were obtained from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager instrument onboard the Meteosat Second Generation satellite. We find up to 15% of summertime observations in West Africa and 10% of summertime observations in Nubia by satellite images miss dust plumes due to cloud cover. We use the new dust‐plume data to demonstrate a novel approach for validating spatial patterns of the operational forecasts provided by the World Meteorological Organization Dust Regional Center in Barcelona. The comparison elucidates often similar dust plume patterns in the forecasts and the satellite‐based reconstruction, but once trained, the reconstruction is computationally inexpensive. Our proposed reconstruction provides a new opportunity for validating dust aerosol transport in numerical weather models and Earth system models. It can be adapted to other aerosol species and trace gases.〈/p〉
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Most dust and sand particles in the atmosphere originate from North Africa. Since ground‐based observations of dust plumes in North Africa are sparse, investigations often rely on satellite observations. Dust plumes are frequently obscured by clouds, making it difficult to study the full extent. We use machine‐learning methods to restore information about the extent of dust plumes beneath clouds in 2021 and 2022 at 9, 12, and 15 UTC. We use the reconstructed dust patterns to demonstrate a new way to validate the dust forecast ensemble provided by the World Meteorological Organization Dust Regional Center in Barcelona, Spain. Our proposed method is computationally inexpensive and provides new opportunities for assessing the quality of dust transport simulations. The method can be transferred to reconstruct other aerosol and trace gas plumes.〈/p〉
    Description: Key Points: 〈list list-type="bullet"〉 〈list-item〉 〈p xml:lang="en"〉We present the first fast reconstruction of cloud‐obscured Saharan dust plumes through novel machine learning applied to satellite images〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈list-item〉 〈p xml:lang="en"〉The reconstruction algorithm utilizes partial convolutions to restore cloud‐induced gaps in gray‐scaled Meteosat Second Generation‐Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager Dust RGB images〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈list-item〉 〈p xml:lang="en"〉World Meteorological Organization dust forecasts for North Africa mostly agree with the satellite‐based reconstruction of the dust plume extent〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈/list〉 〈/p〉
    Description: GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel
    Description: University of Cologne
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6475858
    Description: https://github.com/tobihose/Masterarbeit
    Description: https://dust.aemet.es/
    Description: https://ads.atmosphere.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/cams-global-reanalysis-eac4?tab=overview
    Description: https://navigator.eumetsat.int/product/EO:EUM:DAT:MSG:DUST
    Description: https://navigator.eumetsat.int/product/EO:EUM:DAT:MSG:CLM
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5067/KLICLTZ8EM9D
    Description: https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/datasets?project=MERRA-2
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MOD08_D3.061
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MYD08_D3.061
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.8278518
    Keywords: ddc:551.5 ; mineral dust ; North Africa ; MSG SEVIRI ; machine learning ; cloud removal ; satellite remote sensing
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    The Jalayirids (2021)
    Edinburgh University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-15
    Description: This book traces the origins, history, and memory of the Jalayirid dynasty, a family that succeeded the Mongol Ilkhans in Iran and Iraq in the 14th and early 15th centuries. The story of how the Jalayirids came to power is illustrative of the political dynamics that shaped much of the Mongol and post-Mongol period in the Middle East. The Jalayirid sultans sought to preserve the social and political order of the Ilkhanate, while claiming that they were the rightful heirs to the rulership of that order. Central to the Jalayirids' claims to the legacy of the Ilkhanate was their attempt to control the Ilkhanid heartland of Azarbayjan and its major city, Tabriz. Control of Azarbayjan meant control of a network of long-distance trade between China and the Latin West, which continued to be a source of economic prosperity through the 8th/14th century.
    Keywords: History ; Azerbaijan (Iran) ; Baghdad ; Emir ; Genghis Khan ; Ilkhanate ; Jalairid Sultanate ; Jalairs ; Sultan ; Tabriz ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHG Middle Eastern history
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Four Steeples over the City Streets (2024)
    New York University Press | NYU Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Tells the diverse story of four congregations in New York City as they navigated the social and political changes of the late eighteenth and mid-nineteenth centuries. In the fifty years after the Constitution was signed in 1787, New York City grew from a port town of 30,000 to a metropolis of over half a million residents. This rapid development transformed a once tightknit community and its religious experience. Including four churches belonging in various forms to the Church of England, that in some form still thrive today. Rapid urban and social change connected these believers in unity in the late colonial era. As the city grew larger, more impersonal, and socially divided, churches reformed around race and class-based neighborhoods. In Four Steeples over the City Streets, Kyle T. Bulthuis examines the intertwining of these four famous institutions—Trinity Episcopal, John Street Methodist, Mother Zion African Methodist, and St. Philip’s (African) Episcopal—to uncover the lived experience of these historical subjects, and just how religious experience and social change connected in the dynamic setting of early Republic New York. Drawing on a wide range of sources including congregational records and the unique histories of some of the churches leaders, Four Steeples over the City Streets reveals how these city churches responded to these transformations from colonial times to the mid-nineteenth century. Bulthuis also adds new dynamics to the stories of well-known New Yorkers such as John Jay, James Harper, and Sojourner Truth. More importantly, Four Steeples over the City Streets connects issues of race, class, and gender, urban studies, and religious experience, revealing how the city shaped these churches, and how their respective religious traditions shaped the way they reacted to the city. This book is a critical addition to the study and history of African American activism and life in the ever-changing metropolis of New York City.
    Keywords: History ; Religion and beliefs ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Environment and Narrative (2021)
    The Ohio State University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Never before has a collection of original essays strived to create such constructive, shared discourse between ecocritical and narrative scholars as well as environmental humanities scholars interested in narrative. Erin James and Eric Morel’s volume Environment and Narrative: New Directions in Econarratology explores the complexity of pairing material environments and their representations with narrative forms of understanding. To explore the methodological possibilities within “econarratology,” the contributors evaluate the mechanics of how narratives convey environmental understanding via building blocks such as the organization of time and space, characterization, focalization, description, and narration. They also query how readers emotionally and cognitively engage with such representations and how the process of encountering different environments in narratives stands to affect real-world attitudes and behaviors.
    Keywords: Literature ; Ecocriticism ; Narrative Theory ; Narratology ; Environment ; Narrative ; Environmental Humanities ; Jeff Van der Meer ; Annihilation ; Don DeLillo ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Fictionalizing heterodoxy Various uses of knowledge in the Spanish world from the Archpriest of Hita to Mateo Alemán (2021)
    De Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: The information overload produced by the printing press and the new forms of the structuring of knowledge are echoed in fictional works. The essays assembled in this book study the textualization of problematic forms of knowledge in medieval and early modern Spanish literature. Literary Works like the Libro buen amor, La Lozana Andaluza, or the Guzmán de Alfarache are read against the backdrop of scientific developments of their times.
    Keywords: Literature and Science ; History of Knowledge ; Dissent ; Siglo de Oro ; Picaresque ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Chapter 3 Thematic Mapping of Kaebyok and the Rise of the Prophetic Critic (2023)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Chapter 3 examines the formation of the “prophetic critic” in Kaebyŏk (The opening, 1920- 1926) through distant reading. As the most influential intellectual magazine of the 1920s, Kaebyŏk introduced various social ideas of Marxism, social reform, and humanitarianism into Korea’s religious thought. Thus, this chapter analyses the digitalized version of the magazine through quantitative approaches to word-frequency and co-occurring words; in particular it employs topic modelling. Because it assigns topics by measuring the probability of keywords rather than simply locating co-occurring words, topic modelling reveals how different topics are semantically interrelated in a larger text. With this method, Chapter 3 examines the interplay between topics of art and literature and society-related themes such as nation, economic classes, and social reconstruction. It pays particular attention to the two topics of saengmyŏng (vitality) and saenghwal (ways of living or livelihood) to examine how Korean writers articulated a proto-type of Marxist realism (saenghwal) out of romanticism (saengmyŏng). In the end, Chapter 3 argues that Kaebyŏk shaped the “prophetic critic” who preemptively combined religious, social, and literary worldviews of the future to create the guiding principles for the realist fiction that would dominate the latter half of the 1920s.
    Keywords: Korean Literature, Periodical Authorship, Twentieth Century Literature ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    The Netherlands in a Nutshell: Highlights from Dutch History and Culture (2021)
    Amsterdam University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Many think they know the legends behind tulipmania and the legacy of the Dutch East India Company, but what basic knowledge of Dutch history should be passed on to future generations? This overview of historical highlights, assembled by a number of specialists in consultation with the Dutch general public, provides a thought-provoking and timely answer. The democratic process behind the volume is reminiscent of the way in which the Netherlands has excelled for centuries at collective craftsmanship, and says as much about the Netherlands as does the outcome of the opinions voiced. The Netherlands in a Nutshell offers a mine of information for visitors to the Netherlands, and should appeal to anyone interested in the history of this fascinating and multi-faceted land in the heart of Europe.
    Keywords: History ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Communion Ecclesiology in a Racially Polarised South Africa (2023)
    UJ Press | UJ Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Communion Ecclesiology by Dr. K.T. Resane explores the concept of a communion ecclesiology in South Africa. The book provides the reader with a comprehensive overview of the concept in the Bible, in history and in different church traditions including the African Initiated Churches. The book also focuses on the different cultural groups in South Africa as they were organised within theological traditions. - Prof. S.D. Snyman, University of the Free State
    Keywords: Church ; History ; Religion ; Theology ; African Independent Churches ; Afrikaanse Christelike Studente Vereeniging ; charismatic ; Christelike Studente Assosiasie ; homothymadon ; International Pentecostal ; Evangelical Fellowship of South Africa ; biblical understanding of communion ; historical roots of communion ecclesiology ; traditional and contemporary definitions of communion ecclesiology ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRM Christianity ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRV Aspects of religion::QRVG Theology
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Size Matters – Understanding Monumentality Across Ancient Civilizations (2019)
    transcript Verlag
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-12
    Description: When talking about monuments, size undeniably matters – or does it? But how else can we measure monumentality? Bringing together researchers from various fields such as archaeology, museology, history, sociology, Mesoamerican studies, and art history, this book discusses terminological and methodological approaches in both theoretical contributions and various case studies. While focusing on architectural aspects, this volume also discusses the social meaning of monuments, the role of forced and free labour, as well as textual monumentality. The result is a modern interdisciplinary take on an important concept which is notoriously difficult to define. When talking about monuments, size undeniably matters – or does it? But how else can we measure monumentality? Bringing together researchers from various fields such as archaeology, museology, history, sociology, Mesoamerican studies, and art history, this book discusses terminological and methodological approaches in both theoretical contributions and various case studies. While focusing on architectural aspects, this volume also discusses the social meaning of monuments, the role of forced and free labour, as well as textual monumentality. The result is a modern interdisciplinary take on an important concept which is notoriously difficult to define.
    Keywords: Monumentality ; Architecture ; Energetics ; Identity ; Labour ; Monument ; Perception ; Reception ; Cultural History ; Ancient History ; History ; Monumentality ; Architecture ; Energetics ; Identity ; Labour ; Monument ; Perception ; Reception ; Cultural History ; Ancient History ; History ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHC Ancient history
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Beyond Borders (2021)
    Cornell University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-12
    Description: The Yunnanese from southwestern China have for millennia traded throughout upland Southeast Asia. Burma in particular has served as a “back door” to Yunnan, providing a sanctuary for political refugees and economic opportunities for trade explorers. Since the Chinese Communist takeover in 1949 and subsequent political upheavals in China, an unprecedented number of Yunnanese refugees have fled to Burma. Through a personal narrative approach, Beyond Borders is the first ethnography to focus on the migration history and transnational trading experiences of contemporary Yunnanese Chinese migrants (composed of both Yunnanese Han and Muslims) who reside in Burma and those who have moved from Burma and resettled in Thailand, Taiwan, and China.
    Keywords: History ; Myanmar ; Taiwan ; Taunggyi ; Thailand ; Yunnan ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues::JBFH Migration, immigration and emigration ; thema EDItEUR::5 Interest qualifiers::5P Relating to specific groups and cultures or social and cultural interests::5PB Relating to peoples: ethnic groups, indigenous peoples, cultures and other groupings of people::5PBC Relating to migrant groups / diaspora communities or peoples
    Language: English
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