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  • Computer Science  (8)
  • thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues  (5)
  • Human behavior.
  • Logos Verlag Berlin  (10)
  • English  (10)
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  • 1
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    Collaborative Technologies and Data Science in Artificial Intelligence Applications (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: In September 2020, researchers from Armenia, Chile, Germany and Japan met at the American University of Armenia for a virtual conference to discuss technologies with applications in smart cities, data science and information theory approaches for intelligent systems, technical challenges for intelligent environments, smart human centered computing, artificial neural networks, and deep learning. This book presents their contributions to the 2nd CODASSCA workshop on collaborative technologies and data science in artificial intelligence applications, a highly topical issue in today's computer science.
    Keywords: Computers ; Computer Science ; Technology & Engineering ; Telecommunications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJK Communications engineering / telecommunications
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Examining auditory selective attention (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The aim of the present thesis is to examine the cognitive control mechanisms underlying auditory selective attention by considering the influence of variables that increase the complexity of an auditory scene. Therefore, technical aspects such as dynamic binaural hearing, room acoustics and head movements as well as those that influence the efficiency of cognitive processing are taken into account. Step-by-step the well-established dichotic-listening paradigm is extended into a realistic spatial listening paradigm. Conducted empirical surveys are based on a paradigm examining the intentional switching of auditory selective attention. Performance measure differences between the repetition of the target's spatial position and the related switch describe the loss of efficiency associated with redirecting attention from one target's location to another. To examine whether the irrelevant auditory information is decoded, interference in the processing of task-relevant and task-irrelevant information is created in the paradigm. Using the binaural-listening paradigm, the ability to intentionally switch auditory selective attention is tested when applying different methods of spatial reproduction. Essential differences between real sources, an individual and a non-individual binaural synthesis are found. As a step towards multi-talker scenarios in realistic environments participants are tested in differently reverberating environments, resulting in highly affected switch costs. Age-related effects are found when applying the binaural-listening paradigm, indicating difficulties for elderly to suppress processing the distractor's speech.
    Keywords: Technology & Engineering ; Electronics ; Technology & Engineering ; Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Universal Smart Grid Agent for Distributed Power Generation Management (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: "Somewhere, there is always wind blowing or the sun shining." This maxim could lead the global shift from fossil to renewable energy sources, suggesting that there is enough energy available to be turned into electricity. But the already impressive numbers that are available today, along with the European Union's 20-20-20 goal – to power 20% of the EU energy consumption from renewables until 2020 –, might mislead us over the problem that the go-to renewables readily available rely on a primary energy source mankind cannot control: the weather. At the same time, the notion of the smart grid introduces a vast array of new data coming from sensors in the power grid, at wind farms, power plants, transformers, and consumers. The new wealth of information might seem overwhelming, but can help to manage the different actors in the power grid. This book proposes to view the problem of power generation and distribution in the face of increased volatility as a problem of information distribution and processing. It enhances the power grid by turning its nodes into agents that forecast their local power balance from historical data, using artificial neural networks and the multi-part evolutionary training algorithm described in this book. They pro-actively communicate power demand and supply, adhering to a set of behavioral rules this book defines, and finally solve the 0-1 knapsack problem of choosing offers in such a way that not only solves the disequilibrium, but also minimizes line loss, by elegant modeling in the Boolean domain. The book shows that the Divide-et-Impera approach of a distributed grid control can lead to an efficient, reliable integration of volatile renewable energy sources into the power grid.
    Keywords: Technology & Engineering ; Construction ; Computers ; Computer Science ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    The Complexity of Zadeh's Pivot Rule (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: The Simplex algorithm is one of the most important algorithms in discrete optimization, and is the most used algorithm for solving linear programs in practice. In the last 50 years, several pivot rules for this algorithm have been proposed and studied. For most deterministic pivot rules, exponential lower bounds were found, while a probabilistic pivot rule exists that guarantees termination in expected subexponential time. One deterministic pivot rule that is of special interest is Zadeh's pivot rule since it was the most promising candidate for a polynomial pivot rule for a long time. In 2011, Friedmann proved that this is not true by providing an example forcing the Simplex algorithm to perform at least a subexponential number of iterations in the worst case when using Zadeh's pivot rule. Still, it was not known whether Zadeh's pivot rule might achieve subexponential worst case running time. Next to analyzing Friedmann's construction in detail, we develop the first exponential lower bound for Zadeh's pivot rule. This closes a long-standing open problem by ruling out this pivot rule as a candidate for a deterministic, subexponential pivot rule in several areas of linear optimization and game theory.
    Keywords: Computers ; Computer Science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Altmetrics for Digital Libraries (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: The volume of scientific literature is increasing and researchers have difficulties in estimating their quality and relevance. Library portals, therefore, are getting more relevant by using quality indicators to help researchers during their research process. With the growing presence of social media, altmetrics have been proposed as complementary indicators to traditional measures. Altmetrics can help to identify online attention and can appear much faster than citations. This study explores altmetrics for filtering relevant articles (in library portals) within the discipline of Economic and Business Studies literature. Firstly, it highlights the altmetrics presence from Mendeley and Altmetric.com for the journals in the above-mentioned disciplines. It presents correlations between citation and altmetrics on article and journal level, suggesting Mendeley counts as an alternative indicator to citations. Afterward, it investigates the use of altmetrics data for potential users with interests in new trends, social media platforms, and journal rankings. Lastly, it explores the behavior of economic researchers using a survey by discovering the usefulness of different altmetrics. With the findings of this study, several forms of altmetrics in library portals are discussed, using EconBiz as the proof-of-concept, to assist both researchers and libraries to identify relevant journals or articles and to cope with the information overload.
    Keywords: Computers ; Computer Science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Data Science, Human-Centered Computing, and Intelligent Technologies (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: In August 2022, researchers and developers from Armenia, Chile, Germany, and Japan met at the American University of Armenia for the third edition of the CODASSCA Workshop on Collaborative Technologies and Data Science in Smart City Applications, co-organized with a Summer School on Artificial Neural Networks and Deep Learning. This book presents their contributions on intelligent technologies in data science and human-centered computing.
    Keywords: Mathematics ; Computers ; Computer Science ; Technology & Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    The World We Want to Live In (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Digitalisation, digital networks, and artificial intelligence are fundamentally changing our lives! We must understand the various developments and assess how they interact and how they affect our regular, analogue lives. What are the consequences of such changes for me personally and for our society? Digital networks and artificial intelligence are seminal innovations that are going to permeate all areas of society and trigger a comprehensive, disruptive structural change that will evoke numerous new advances in research and development in the coming years. Even though there are numerous books on this subject matter, most of them cover only specific aspects of the profound and multifaceted effects of the digital transformation. An overarching assessment is missing. In 2016, the Federation of German Scientists (VDW) has founded a study group to assess the technological impacts of digitalisation holistically. Now we present this compendium to you. We address the interrelations and feedbacks of digital innovation on policy, law, economics, science, and society from various scientific perspectives. Please consider this book as an invitation to contemplate with other people and with us, what kind of world we want to live in!
    Keywords: Science ; Computers ; Computer Science ; Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Providing orbit information with predetermined bounded accuracy (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: The exchange of orbit information is becoming more important in view of the increasing population of objects in space as well as the increase in parties involved in space operations. The aim of this thesis was to investigate how orbit information maintained by a space surveillance system can be provided to its users. Services like collision avoidance require very accurate information, while other services might be less stringent. An approach was studied, which allows to derive orbit and covariance information of predetermined accuracy from a reference orbit. Using Chebyshev polynomials, continuous state vector and covariance matrix information can be provided. The major advantage is that no inter- or extrapolation on the user's side is required. A method to reduce the data amount by interpolating the variance envelope functions was also studied. The proposed method in this thesis gives access to highly accurate information from the catalogue, where this information is required. On the other hand it can also provide less accurate information, where requirements are less restrictive, thereby allowing for a significantly reduced amount of data to be transferred and stored.
    Keywords: Computers ; Computer Science ; Technology & Engineering ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    High Performance Propagation of Large Object Populations in Earth Orbits (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Orbital debris is becoming an increasing problem for space flight missions. New satellite launches, explosions, collisions and other events cause a steady rise in the number of objects orbiting the Earth. It is therefore important to determine the future development of the object population, as well as the effectiveness of debris mitigation measures, in long-term simulations. Orbital propagation, the calculation of an object's movement in its orbit, poses a challenge for this research due to the high computation times of the complex perturbation models involved. With populations consisting of hundreds of thousands of objects as well as simulation time frames of up to 200 years, these calculations can take up hours of computation time. To speed up this process, the analytical propagator Ikebana is introduced in this work of applied computer science in engineering. The program runs on graphics processing units, hardware designed for massively parallel execution of up to thousands of concurrent threads. This reduces the overall run time for large object populations from hours to minutes. Porting software from a conventional CPU is not a trivial task and involves a number of potential pitfalls and optimization opportunities which are detailed in this work. The propagator is integrated into other applications via a generic, multi-platform interface specifically designed for this task. It allows to develop the propagator separately and integrate it into other tools as a plugin at run time. The interface's architecture serves as a design template for analytical propagation software.
    Keywords: Computers ; Computer Science ; Technology & Engineering ; Science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Modeling of Moving Sound Sources Based on Array Measurements (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: When auralizing moving sound sources in Virtual Reality (VR) environments, the two main input parameters are the location and radiated signal of the source. An array measurement-based model is developed to characterize moving sound sources regarding the two parameters in this thesis. This model utilizes beamforming, i.e. delay and sum beamforming (DSB) and compressive beamforming (CB) to obtain the locations and signals of moving sound sources. A spiral and a pseudorandom microphone array are designed for DSB and CB, respectively, to yield good localization ability and meet the requirement of CB. The de-Dopplerization technique is incorporated in the time-domain DSB to address moving source problems. Time-domain transfer functions (TDTFs) are calculated in terms of the spatial locations within the steering window of the moving source. TDTFs then form the sensing matrix of CB, thus allowing CB to solve moving source problem. DSB and CB are further extended to localize moving sound sources, and the reconstructed signals from the beamforming outputs are investigated to obtain the source signals. Moreover, localization and signal reconstruction are evaluated through varying parameters in the beamforming procedures, i.e. steering position, steering window length and source speed for a moving periodic signal using DSB, and regularization parameter, signal to noise ratio (SNR), steering window length, source speed, array to source motion trajectory and mismatch for a moving engine signal using CB. The parameter studies show guidelines of parameter selection based on the given situations in this thesis for modeling moving source using beamforming. Both algorithms are able to reconstruct the moving signals in the given scenarios. Although CB outperforms DSB in terms of signal reconstruction under particular conditions, the localization abilities of the two algorithms are quite similar. The practicability of the model has been applied on pass-by measurements of a moving loudspeaker using the designed arrays, and the results can match the conclusions drawn above from simulations. Finally, a framework on how to apply the model for moving source auralization is proposed.
    Keywords: Science ; Chemistry ; Technology & Engineering ; Construction ; Technology & Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building::TNK Building construction and materials ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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