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  • bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
  • machine learning
  • Universitätsverlag Göttingen  (6)
  • Karolinum Press  (3)
  • The MIT Press  (3)
  • English  (12)
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  • 1
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    Maternal-child health (2021)
    Universitätsverlag Göttingen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-04-28
    Description: Maternal-Child Health is one of the greatest challenges the world has to cope with today. Every year, thousands of women, newborns and children die unnecessarily, particularly in resource-poor settings. There is a great disparity caused by food insecurity and hunger, environmental health risks, sanitation challenges, cultural barriers and non-accessibility to diagnosis and treatment. "Maternal-Child Health: Interdisciplinary Aspects within the Perspective of Global Health" addresses these issues. The contributions of this book are based on the ONE HEALTH concept by focusing on infectious and non-communicable diseases and to present interdisciplinary views from more than 60 authors who come from 14 countries. The aim is to shape our understanding on Maternal-Child Health Solutions by looking at 〉 agricultural and environmental 〉 economic, social and theological 〉 biomedical and nutritional 〉 clinical human and veterinary as well as 〉 epidemiology and 〉 public health expertise. The Göttingen International Health Network is corresponding to a variety of different geographic regions and programs to improve global health perspective and health of the most vulnerable: mothers and their children.
    Keywords: Health ; Women ; Göttingen International Health Network ; Mother and Child ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health & preventive medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::V Health & personal development::VF Family & health::VFD Popular medicine & health::VFDM Men's health
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Clinical Relevance of Brain Atrophy Measures in Multiple Sclerosis (2023)
    Karolinum Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-17
    Description: Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spinal cord in patients with multiple sclerosis is crucial for diagnosis as well as monitoring and predicting disease activity. Comprehensive MR measurements including assessment of brain and spinal cord volume changes have the potential to improve patient monitoring, allow earlier detection of subclinical disease activity, and identify patients with depleted brain reserve who are at highest risk of disability progression. Cerebral atrophy measurements are now a secondary outcome of many clinical trials, although their wider use in routine clinical practice is still hampered by some technical limitations. However, evidence from clinical practice shows that assessment of brain and spinal cord volume change is feasible and has the potential to improve patient treatment.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: multiple sclerosis ; brain atrophy ; diagnosis ; measurements ; disease ; monitoring ; magnetic resonance ; cerebral atrophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    The Smart Enough City (2022)
    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-21
    Description: Why technology is not an end in itself, and how cities can be “smart enough,” using technology to promote democracy and equity. Smart cities, where technology is used to solve every problem, are hailed as futuristic urban utopias. We are promised that apps, algorithms, and artificial intelligence will relieve congestion, restore democracy, prevent crime, and improve public services. In The Smart Enough City, Ben Green warns against seeing the city only through the lens of technology; taking an exclusively technical view of urban life will lead to cities that appear smart but under the surface are rife with injustice and inequality. He proposes instead that cities strive to be “smart enough”: to embrace technology as a powerful tool when used in conjunction with other forms of social change—but not to value technology as an end in itself. In a technology-centric smart city, self-driving cars have the run of downtown and force out pedestrians, civic engagement is limited to requesting services through an app, police use algorithms to justify and perpetuate racist practices, and governments and private companies surveil public space to control behavior. Green describes smart city efforts gone wrong but also smart enough alternatives, attainable with the help of technology but not reducible to technology: a livable city, a democratic city, a just city, a responsible city, and an innovative city. By recognizing the complexity of urban life rather than merely seeing the city as something to optimize, these Smart Enough Cities successfully incorporate technology into a holistic vision of justice and equity.
    Keywords: smart cities ; technology ; machine learning ; innovation ; urban ; apps ; artificial intelligence ; democracy ; urban design ; criminal justice ; policing ; politics ; social change ; technological determinism ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RP Regional & area planning::RPC Urban & municipal planning ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PD Science: general issues::PDR Impact of science & technology on society ; bic Book Industry Communication::A The arts::AM Architecture::AMV Landscape art & architecture::AMVD City & town planning - architectural aspects
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Folia Pharmaceutica Universitatis Carolinae (2022)
    Karolinum Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-09
    Description: Abstracts from the 9th Postgradual and 7th Postdoctoral Scientific Conference of the Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, 23–24 January 2019 Dedicated to the 50th Anniversary of the Founding of the Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové and 27th National Students’ Scientific Conference of the Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, 16–17 April, 2019.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: pharmacy ; conference ; anniversary ; science ; Charles University ; Hradec Králové ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Cognitive Robotics (2022)
    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The current state of the art in cognitive robotics, covering the challenges of building AI-powered intelligent robots inspired by natural cognitive systems. A novel approach to building AI-powered intelligent robots takes inspiration from the way natural cognitive systems—in humans, animals, and biological systems—develop intelligence by exploiting the full power of interactions between body and brain, the physical and social environment in which they live, and phylogenetic, developmental, and learning dynamics. This volume reports on the current state of the art in cognitive robotics, offering the first comprehensive coverage of building robots inspired by natural cognitive systems. Contributors first provide a systematic definition of cognitive robotics and a history of developments in the field. They describe in detail five main approaches: developmental, neuro, evolutionary, swarm, and soft robotics. They go on to consider methodologies and concepts, treating topics that include commonly used cognitive robotics platforms and robot simulators, biomimetic skin as an example of a hardware-based approach, machine-learning methods, and cognitive architecture. Finally, they cover the behavioral and cognitive capabilities of a variety of models, experiments, and applications, looking at issues that range from intrinsic motivation and perception to robot consciousness. Cognitive Robotics is aimed at an interdisciplinary audience, balancing technical details and examples for the computational reader with theoretical and experimental findings for the empirical scientist.
    Keywords: Cognitive robotics ; artificial intelligence ; machine learning ; humanoid robot ; cognitive science ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering::TJFM Automatic control engineering::TJFM1 Robotics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYA Mathematical theory of computation
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    The ethical and legal regulation of human tissue and biobank research in Europe (2021)
    Universitätsverlag Göttingen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: Human tissue and biobank research is of increasing importance for understanding the causes of widespread diseases and developing effective therapies. However, while the success of biobank research depends on the availability of a large number of samples and the consolidation of collections across country borders is very desirable from the perspective of researchers, the legal and ethical requirements for the procurement, storage and use of human tissue samples are rather heterogeneous across different countries. Moreover, the lack of comprehensive supranational regulation on human tissue and biobanking can be seen as posing a serious threat to transnational biomedical research. Against this background, it was one of the aims of the EU-funded Tiss.EU project (“Evaluation of Legislation and Related Guidelines on the Procurement, Storage and Transfer of Human Tissues and Cells in the European Union – an Evidence-Based Impact Analysis”) to analyse the ethical and legal regulation of human tissue and biobank research across the 27 European Member States plus Switzerland. The results of nine international workshops and three conferences are gathered in this volume. While the country reports evaluate the implementation of ethical and legal guidelines at a national level, point out their strengths and deficits, and, where required, create an evidence base for the revision of said legislation, the conference reports address more general ethical and legal issues in this field. The volume is completed by a final presentation of project’s results.
    Keywords: Tissue Engeneering ; Biobank Research ; Legal Issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFM Ethical issues & debates::JFMG Ethical issues: scientific & technological developments ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBD Medical profession::MBDC Medical ethics & professional conduct
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Computational Formalism (2023)
    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: How the use of machine learning to analyze art images has revived formalism in art history, presenting a golden opportunity for art historians and computer scientists to learn from one another.Though formalism is an essential tool for art historians, much recent art history has focused on the social and political aspects of art. But now art historians are adopting machine learning methods to develop new ways to analyze the purely visual in datasets of art images. Amanda Wasielewski uses the term “computational formalism” todescribe this use of machine learning and computer vision technique in art historical research. At the same time that art historians are analyzing art images in new ways, computer scientists are using art images for experiments in machine learning and computer vision. Their research, says Wasielewski, would be greatly enriched by the inclusion of humanistic issues.The main purpose in applying computational techniques such as machine learning to art datasets is to automate the process of categorization using metrics such as style, a historically fraught concept in art history. After examining a fifteen-year trajectory in image categorization and art dataset creation in the fields of machine learning and computer vision, Wasielewski considers deep learning techniques that both create and detect forgeries and fakes in art. She investigates examples of art historical analysis in the fields of computer and information sciences, placing this research in the context of art historiography. She also raises questions as which artworks are chosen for digitization, and of those artworks that are born digital, which works gain acceptance into the canon of high art.
    Keywords: Art history ; artificial intelligence ; machine learning ; formalism ; digital humanities ; connoisseurship ; image database ; authentication ; style ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AG The Arts: treatments and subjects::AGA History of art ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MN 19th century, c 1800 to c 1899 ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQM Machine learning ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AF The Arts: art forms::AFK Non-graphic and electronic art forms::AFKV Digital, video and new media arts
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    The ethical challenges experienced by healthcare workers during the war in Syria (2023)
    Universitätsverlag Göttingen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-17
    Description: The war in Syria has lasted for many years and continues to cast a dark shadow over its people, including healthcare workers caring for those injured and in distress. During the war, healthcare workers have been exposed to unprecedented challenges, becoming targets of bombing, killing, siege, arrest, and torture. Moreover, healthcare workers continue to experience difficult situations that require them to make decisions with no clear or easy moral choice. The present study aimed to understand the experiences of healthcare workers and the difficulties and challenges that hinder applying existing ethical frameworks and codes for disasters within Syria’s context of revolution and war. Qualitative analysis of interviews led to classification of the ethical challenges experienced by healthcare workers into four groups: the risks from providing care; stewardship of resources and work challenges; corruption and organizational pressure; and psychological, emotional, and social stress. The study also showed that both Syrian healthcare workers and the developers of ethical frameworks adopt many similar values and principles. Yet, the participants adopted several unique moral values not identified in ethical frameworks as a result of navigating their professional duties under the circumstances of the Syrian war. At last, recognizing the challenges and precarious tasks healthcare workers cope with during wars and other similar disasters could help volunteers, medical personnel, and humanitarian organizations deciding to work in Syria better understand the specific context and obstacles for ethical decision-making. Moreover, attracting attention for and support of Syrian healthcare workers locally and globally presents a long-lasting benefit.
    Keywords: ethics ; war ; healthcare ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Stigmatization, discrimination and illness (2021)
    Universitätsverlag Göttingen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-06
    Description: “She was given her own plate, her own cup, everything of her own, even when she just touched a cloth then nobody wanted to touch it again.” (Halima, HIV-seropositive) The book sheds light on the profound influence of an HIV-seropositive diagnosis on the lives of women and their social environment in the United Republic of Tanzania. The author, a medical doctor and social anthropologist, tells the story of six Tanzanian HIV-seropositive women, focusing on their negotiation and perception of illness and disease. Furthermore, the high levels of discrimination and stigmatization in the context of HIV-seropositivity that they experience are presented in detail, weaving together the impacts of an HIV-seropositive diagnosis with results analyzed both from a Medical Anthropology and Public Health perspective. Despite a new era of antiretroviral treatment, available in Tanzania free of cost, that has given cause for hope in a change in how the disease is perceived, the book impressively underlines that being HIV-seropositive remains a great challenge and heavy burden for women in Tanzania.
    Description: “She was given her own plate, her own cup, everything of her own, even when she just touched a cloth then nobody wanted to touch it again.” (Halima, HIV-seropositive) The book sheds light on the profound influence of an HIV-seropositive diagnosis on the lives of women and their social environment in the United Republic of Tanzania. The author, a medical doctor and social anthropologist, tells the story of six Tanzanian HIV-seropositive women, focusing on their negotiation and perception of illness and disease. Furthermore, the high levels of discrimination and stigmatization in the context of HIV-seropositivity that they experience are presented in detail, weaving together the impacts of an HIV-seropositive diagnosis with results analyzed both from a Medical Anthropology and Public Health perspective. Despite a new era of antiretroviral treatment, available in Tanzania free of cost, that has given cause for hope in a change in how the disease is perceived, the book impressively underlines that being HIV-seropositive remains a great challenge and heavy burden for women in Tanzania.
    Keywords: HIV ; Women ; Tanzania ; Social Environment ; Public Health ; Discrimination ; HIV/AIDS ; Infection ; Medical anthropology ; Serostatus ; Tanga ; Tanzania ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health & preventive medicine::MBNH Personal & public health
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Versification and Authorship Attribution (2022)
    Karolinum Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The technique known as contemporary stylometry uses different methods, including machine learning, to discover a poem’s author based on features like the frequencies of words and character n-grams. However, there is one potential textual fingerprint stylometry tends to ignore: versification, or the very making of language into verse. Using poetic texts in three different languages (Czech, German, and Spanish), Petr Plecháč asks whether versification features like rhythm patterns and types of rhyme can help determine authorship. He then tests its findings on two unsolved literary mysteries. In the first, Plecháč distinguishes the parts of the Elizabethan verse play The Two Noble Kinsmen written by William Shakespeare from those written by his coauthor, John Fletcher. In the second, he seeks to solve a case of suspected forgery: how authentic was a group of poems first published as the work of the nineteenth-century Russian author Gavriil Stepanovich Batenkov? This book of poetic investigation should appeal to literary sleuths the world over.
    Keywords: contemporary stylometry ; stylometry ; machine learning ; versification ; authorship ; literary criticism ; statistics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies
    Language: English
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