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  • Books  (190)
  • Iterative methods (Mathematics)
  • energy
  • English  (190)
  • 2020-2024  (127)
  • 2005-2009  (63)
  • 1980-1984
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  • Books  (190)
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  • 1
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    Optimising Russian Natural Gas (2006)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The world’s largest gas producer and exporter, Russia has an enormous energy saving potential. At least 30 billion cubic meters – a fifth of Russian exports to European OECD countries - could be saved every year by enhanced technology or energy efficiency. As the era of cheap gas in Russia comes to an end, this potential saving is increasingly important for Russians and importing countries. And as domestic gas prices increase, efficiency investments will become increasingly economic – not to mention the incentive for Gazprom to enhance its efficiency against a backdrop of high European gas prices. Optimising Russian Natural Gas: Reform and Climate Policy analyses and estimates the potential savings and the associated reductions in greenhouse gas emissions in the oil extraction (flaring), gas transmission and distribution sectors. Achieving these savings will require linking long-standing energy efficiency goals with energy sector reforms, as well as climate policy objectives. The book also describes Russia’s emerging climate policy and institutional framework, including work still ahead before the country is eligible for the Kyoto Protocol’s flexibility mechanisms and can attract financing for greenhouse gas reductions. Optimising Russian Natural Gas: Reform and Climate Policy stresses the need for Russia to tap the full potential of energy savings and greenhouse gas emission reductions through a more competitive environment in the gas sector to attract timely investments.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/optimising-russian-natural-gas.html
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Bioenergy Project Development & Biomass Supply (2007)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Modern biomass, and the resulting useful forms of bioenergy produced from it, are anticipated by many advocates to provide a significant contribution to the global primary energy supply of many IEA member countries during the coming decades. For non-member countries, particularly those wishing to achieve economic growth as well as meet the goals for sustainable development, the deployment of modern bioenergy projects and the growing international trade in biomass-based energy carriers offer potential opportunities.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (66 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/bioenergy-project-development--biomass-supply.html
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Policy Uncertainty, Investment and Commitment Periods (2007)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Today’s investment decisions in key sectors such as energy, forestry or transport have significant impacts on the levels of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions over the coming decades. Given the economic and environmental long-term implications of capital investment and retirement, a climate mitigation regime should aim to encourage capital investment in climate-friendly technologies. Many factors affect technology choice and the timing of investment, including investor expectations about future prices and policies. Recent international discussions have focused on the importance of providing more certainty about future climate policy stringency. The design of commitment periods can play a role in creating this environment. This paper assesses how the length of commitment periods influences policy uncertainty and investment decisions. In particular, the paper analyses the relationship between commitment period length and near term investment decisions in climate friendly technology.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (29 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/policy-uncertainty-investment-and-commitment-periods.html
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Combined Heat & Power and Emissions Trading : Options for Policy Makers (2008)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The aim of this IEA Information Paper is to help policy makers and other stakeholders understand the challenges facing the incorporation of high efficiency combined heat and power (CHP) into greenhouse gas (GHG) Emissions Trading Schemes (ETSs) – and to propose options for overcoming them.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (27 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/combined-heat--power-and-emissions-trading---options-for-policy-makers.html
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Certainty versus Ambition (2006)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
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    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: A key issue for policy makers is how to choose a climate change policy that recognises the uncertainties in the costs and benefits of abatement actions. This paper reviews the economic literature relative to the choice of the economic instruments that could be used to mitigate climate change. Because climate change is driven by the slow build-up of atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, flexible instruments would be more economically efficient than fixed quotas. They may help engage a broader set of countries into a common framework for mitigating climate change, and may facilitate the adoption of relatively more ambitious policies. The certainty of achieving at least some precise levels of emissions would decrease, but the probability of bettering these levels would increase.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (0 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/certainty-versus-ambition.html
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Sectoral Crediting Mechanisms for Greenhouse Gas Mitigation : Institutional and Operational Issues (2006)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Sectoral Crediting Mechanisms for Greenhouse Gas Mitigation: Institutional and Operational Issues
    Pages: Online-Ressource (35 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/sectoral-crediting-mechanisms-for-greenhouse-gas-mitigation-institutional-and-o.html
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Energy Technology Perspectives 2006 (2006)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: How much can technology contribute to securing adequate and affordable energy supplies and lower CO2 emissions? What energy technologies hold the most promise? How long will it take? At their 2005 summit in Gleneagles, G-8 leaders confronted these questions and decided to act with resolve and urgency. They called upon the International Energy Agency to provide advice on scenarios and strategies for a clean and secure energy future. Energy Technology Perspectives is a response to the G8 request. This innovative work demonstrates how energy technologies can make a difference in a series of global scenarios to 2050. It reviews in detail the status and prospects of key energy technologies in electricity generation, buildings, industry and transport. It assesses ways the world can enhance energy security and contain growth in CO2 emissions by using a portfolio of current and emerging technologies. Major strategic elements of a successful portfolio are energy efficiency, CO2 capture and storage, renewables and nuclear power. While technology does hold great promise for the future, we must act now if we are to unlock the potential of current and emerging technologies and reduce the impact of fossil fuel dependence on energy security and the environment. Energy Technology Perspectives provides detailed technology and policy insights to help policy makers craft sustainable solutions.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (484 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/energy-technology-perspectives-2006.html
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Coal Mine Methane in China : A Budding Asset with the Potential to Bloom (2009)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: An Assessment of Technology, Policy and Financial Issues Relating to CMM in China, based on Interviews Conducted at Coal Mines in Guizhou and Sichuan Provinces.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (36 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/coal-mine-methane-in-china-a-budding-asset-with-the-potential-to-bloom.html
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Lights Labour’s Lost (2006)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: When William Shakepeare wrote Love’s Labour’s Lost he would have used light from tallow candles at a cost (today) of £12,000 per million-lumen hours. The same amount of light from electric lamps now costs only £2! But today’s low-cost illumination still has a dark side. Globally, lighting consumes more electricity than is produced by either hydro or nuclear power and results in CO2 emissions equivalent to two thirds of the world’s cars. A standard incandescent lamp may be much more efficient than a tallow candle, but it is far less efficient than a high-pressure sodium lamp. Were inefficient light sources to be replaced by the equivalent efficient ones, global lighting energy demand would be up to 40% less at a lower overall cost. Larger savings still could be realised through the intelligent use of controls, lighting levels and daylight. But achieving efficient lighting is not just a question of technology; it requires policies to transform current practice. This book documents the broad range of policy measures to stimulate efficient lighting that have already been implemented around the world and suggests new ways these could be strengthened to prevent light’s labour’s from being lost.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (560 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/lights-labours-lost.html
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    The Experience with Energy Efficiency Policies and Programmes in IEA Countries (2006)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The purpose of this report is to first present each of these criticisms in what we hope is an accurate manner. We then respond to each criticism based on actual experience with energy efficiency policies, programmes and measures in OECD countries. From this review, we draw conclusions regarding the merits of each criticism. We also make suggestions as to how energy efficiency proponents, analysts and policy makers could improve the design and analysis of future energy efficiency policies and programmes, based on the issues raised by the critics.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (47 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/the-experience-with-energy-efficiency-policies-and-programmes-in-iea-countries--learning-from-the-critics.html
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    Lights Labour's Lost (2006)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: When the incandescent lamp was first commercialised the main mode of transport was the horse, trains were powered by steam, balloons were the only means of flight and the telegraph was the state of the art for long-distance communication. Much has changed in the intervening 127 years, but much has also remained the same. In 1879 the incandescent lamp set a new standard in energy-efficient lighting technology, but today good-quality compact fluorescent lamps need only onequarter of the power to provide the same amount of light. Yet most of us continue to rely on the “horse” of the incandescent lamp instead of the “internal combustion engine” of the compact fluorescent lamp. Nor is this the only way in which lighting energy is being wasted. We illuminate rooms when we’re not there, we over-light spaces, we squander available daylight and we underutilise the most efficient street lighting and non-residential building lighting technologies. This might not matter were it not for the severe challenges we face in securing a clean, sustainable and affordable energy system. Electricity generation is the main source of energy-related greenhouse gas emissions and lighting uses one-fifth of its output. Despite having many higher-efficiency and lower-cost alternatives, we continue to use less efficient and more expensive lighting technologies. Is this because we are inherently attached to these older technologies, or is it simply because we stick to what we know when unaware or unsure of the merits of the alternatives? In each of the main lighting end-use sectors (commercial buildings, households, industrial lighting, outdoor lighting and vehicle lighting), this book shows that not only do more cost-effective and higherefficiency alternative choices exist, but that they could be deployed very quickly were the current market barriers to be addressed. Doing this would allow our economies to be stronger and cleaner without sacrificing anything in our quality of life. Moreover, the policies that can bring about this change have been tested and found to work. What is needed is more comprehensive and vigorous implementation in each economy and lighting sector. This book shows us why and how we should do so.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (561 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/lights-labours-lost-1.html
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    Issues behind Competitiveness and Carbon Leakage (2008)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
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    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This report explores the vulnerability of heavy industry to carbon leakage and competitiveness loss. It reviews the existing literature on competitiveness and carbon leakage under uneven climate policies. It also suggests a statistical method to track carbon leakage, and applies this methodology to Phase I of the EU emissions trading scheme, for various industrial activities: iron and steel, cement, aluminium and refineries. Finally, it reviews measures to mitigate carbon leakage, as discussed in Australia, Canada, Europe, New Zealand and the US.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (122 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/issues-behind-competitiveness-and-carbon-leakage.html
    Language: English
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  • 13
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    World Energy Outlook 2007 : China and India Insights (2007)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
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    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: World leaders have pledged to act to change the energy future. Some new policies are in place. But the trends in energy demand, imports, coal use and greenhouse gas emissions to 2030 in this year’s World Energy Outlook are even worse than projected in WEO 2006. China and India are the emerging giants of the world economy. Their unprecedented pace of economic development will require ever more energy, but it will transform living standards for billions. There can be no question of asking them selectively to curb growth so as to solve problems which are global. So how is the transition to be achieved to a more secure, lower-carbon energy system? WEO 2007 provides the answers. With extensive statistics, projections in three scenarios, analysis and advice, it shows China, India and the rest of the world why we need to co-operate to change the energy future and how to do it.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (663 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789264027305
    URL: http://www.worldenergyoutlook.org/media/weowebsite/2008-1994/WEO_2007.pdf
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    World Energy Outlook 2008 (2008)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Are world oil and gas supplies under threat? How could a new international accord on stabilising greenhouse-gas emissions affect global energy markets? World Energy Outlook 2008 answers these and other burning questions. WEO-2008 draws on the experience of another turbulent year in energy markets to provide new energy projections to 2030, region by region and fuel by fuel. It incorporates the latest data and policies. WEO-2008 focuses on two pressing issues facing the energy sector today: - Prospects for oil and gas production: How much oil and gas exists and how much can be produced? Will investment be adequate? Through field-by-field analysis of production trends at 800 of the world’s largest oilfields, an assessment of the potential for finding and developing new reserves and a bottom-up analysis of upstream costs and investment, WEO-2008 takes a hard look at future global oil and gas supply. - Post-2012 climate scenarios: What emissions limits might emerge from current international negotiations on climate change? What role could cap-and-trade and sectoral approaches play in moving to a low-carbon energy future? Two different scenarios are assessed, one in which the atmospheric concentration of emissions is stabilised at 550 parts per million (ppm) in CO2 equivalent terms and the second at the still more ambitious level of 450 ppm. The implications for energy demand, prices, investment, air pollution and energy security are fully spelt out. This groundbreaking analysis will enable policy makers to distill the key choices as they strive to agree in Copenhagen in 2009 on a post-Kyoto climate framework. With extensive data, detailed projections and in-depth analysis, WEO-2008 provides invaluable insights into the prospects for the global energy market and what they mean for climate change.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (569 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789264045606
    URL: http://www.worldenergyoutlook.org/media/weowebsite/2008-1994/WEO2008.pdf
    Language: English
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  • 15
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    Scaled-up Market Mechanisms : What is Needed to Move Forward? (2009)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
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    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Since 2005, the OECD and IEA have been examining the possibility to expand international carbon markets by granting broader access to developing countries. This note summarises key elements in this area, drawing on earlier publications done under the aegis of the Annex I Expert Group on the UNFCCC (AIXG).
    Pages: Online-Ressource (6 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/scaled-up-market-mechanisms--what-is-needed-to-move-forward.html
    Language: English
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  • 16
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    World Energy Outlook 2009 : Special Report - Climate Change Excerpt (2009)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
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    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This special early excerpt of WEO-2009 is a contribution from the energy sector to inform the negotiations leading into Copenhagen. It summarises the results of a fully-updated Reference Sceario, detailing by sector and by country/region the trends in energy use and emissions and the investments and funding needed to meet the 450 Scenario.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (62 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/weo-2009---special-report---climate-change-excerpt.html
    Language: English
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  • 17
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    Assessing the value of price caps and floors (2009)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
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    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This article assesses the long-term economic and climatic effects of introducing price caps and price floors in hypothetical global climate change mitigation policy. Based on emission trends, abatement costs and equilibrium climate sensitivity from IPCC and IEA reports, this quantitative analysis confirms that price caps could significantly reduce economic uncertainty. This uncertainty stems primarily from unpredictable economic growth and energy prices, and ultimately unabated emission trends. In addition, the development of abatement technologies is uncertain. Furthermore,this analysis shows that rigid targets may entail greater economic risks with little or no comparative advantage for the climate. More ambitious emission objectives, combined with price caps and price floors, could still entail significantly lower expected costs while driving similar, or even slightly better, climatic outcomes in probabilistic terms.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (21 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/assessing-the-value-of-price-caps-and-floors.html
    Language: English
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  • 18
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    Energy Technology Transitions for Industry (2009)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Industry accounts for one-third of global energy use and almost 40% of worldwide CO2 emissions. Achieving substantial emissions reduction in the future will require urgent action from industry. Industry accounts for one-third of global energy use and almost 40% of worldwide CO2 emissions. Achieving substantial emissions reduction in the future will require urgent action from industry. What are the likely future trends in energy use and CO2 emissions from industry? What impact could the application of best available technologies have on these trends? Which new technologies are needed if these sectors are to fully play their role in a more secure and sustainable energy future? Energy Technology Transitions for Industry addresses these questions through detailed sectoral and regional analyses, building on the insights of crucial IEA findings, such as Energy Technology Perspectives 2008: Scenarios and Strategies to 2050. It contains new indicators and methodologies as well as scenario results for the following sectors: iron and steel, cement, chemicals, pulp and paper and aluminium sectors. The report discusses the prospects for new low-carbon technologies and outlines potential technology transition paths for the most important industrial sectors. This publication is one of three new end-use studies, together with transport and buildings, which look at the role of technologies in transforming the way energy is used in these sectors.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (326 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/energy-technology-transitions-for-industry.html
    Language: English
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  • 19
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    Assessing the value of price caps and floors (2009)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This article assesses the long-term economic and climatic effects of introducing price caps and price floors in hypothetical global climate change mitigation policy. Based on emission trends, abatement costs and equilibrium climate sensitivity from IPCC and IEA reports, this quantitative analysis confirms that price caps could significantly reduce economic uncertainty. This uncertainty stems primarily from unpredictable economic growth and energy prices, and ultimately unabated emission trends.In addition, the development of abatement technologies is uncertain. Furthermore,this analysis shows that rigid targets may entail greater economic risks with little or no comparative advantage for the climate. More ambitious emission objectives, combined with price caps and price floors, could still entail significantly lower expected costs while driving similar, or even slightly better, climatic outcomes in probabilistic terms.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (21 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/assessing-the-value-of-price-caps-and-floors.html
    Language: English
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  • 20
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    Reporting and Recording Post 2012 GHG Mitigation Commitments, Actions and Support (2009)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
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    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This study assesses the long-term economic and environmental effects of introducing price caps and price floors in hypothetical climate change mitigation architecture, which aims to reduce global energy-related CO2 emissions by 50% by 2050. Based on abatement costs in IPCC and IEA reports, this quantitative analysis confirms what qualitative analyses have already suggested: introducing price caps could significantly reduce economic uncertainty. This uncertainty stems primarily from unpredictable economic growth and energy prices, and ultimately unabated emission trends. In addition, the development of abatement technologies is uncertain. With price caps, the expected costs could be reduced by about 50% and the uncertainty on economic costs could be one order of magnitude lower. Reducing economic uncertainties may spur the adoption of more ambitious policies by helping to alleviate policy makers’ concerns of economic risks. Meanwhile, price floors would reduce the level of emissions beyond the objective if the abatement costs ended up lower than forecasted. If caps and floors are commensurate with the ambition of the policy pursued and combined with slightly tightened emission objectives, climatic results could be on average similar to those achieved with “straight” objectives (i.e. with no cost-containment mechanism). This papers reviews current proposals in the UNFCCC negotiations for future mechanisms to report and record Parties’ GHG mitigation actions and commitments, as well as support provided for such actions. It explores the possible purposes, coverage and form of a reporting/recording mechanism post-2012 and highlights the decision points that are needed in order to establish such a mechanism. It examines what information such a mechanism could include in terms of actions, commitments and support, as well as the institutional implications of different design options.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (45 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/reporting-and-recording-post-2012-ghg-mitigation-commitments-actions--support.html
    Language: English
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  • 21
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    Sectoral Market Mechanisms (2009)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
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    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This paper first reviews proposals for the design of sectoral and related market mechanisms currently debated, both in the UNFCCC negotiations, and in different domestic legislative contexts. Secondly, it addresses the possible principles and technical requirements that Parties may wish to consider as the foundations for further elaboration of the mechanisms. The third issue explored herein is domestic implementation of sectoral market mechanisms by host countries, incentives to move to new market mechanisms, as well as how the transition between current and future mechanisms could be managed.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (45 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/sectoral-market-mechanisms.html
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    SD-PAMs : What, Where, When and How? (2007)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
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    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This paper examines what “sustainable development policies and measures” (SD-PAMs) could be, and how they could be implemented and could fit into a post-2012 climate regime. This paper assumes that the option to implement SD-PAMs instead of quantified GHG emission commitments post-2012 is an option that would be likely to be only open to non-Annex I countries. There are several key, but unanswered, questions related to SD-PAMs. These include policy-related issues such as which countries could take on commitments to implement SD-PAMs (rather than quantified emission commitments)? Why would particular countries decide to take on such commitments? They also include questions related to how SD-PAMs could be implemented. For many other options for possible post-2012 GHG mitigation actions, including by non-Annex I countries, have also been proposed. However, this paper focuses solely on SD-PAMs.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (36 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/sd-pams--what-where-when-and-how.html
    Language: English
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  • 23
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    World Energy Outlook 2009 (2009)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Since WEO-2008, the economic downturn has led to a drop in energy use, CO2 emissions and energy investment. Is this an opportunity to arrest climate change or a threat that any economic upturn might be stifled at birth? What package of commitments and measures should the climate negotiators at Copenhagen put together if they really want to stop global temperatures rising? How much would it cost? And how much might the developed world have to pay to finance action elsewhere? How big is the gas resource base and what is the typical pattern of production from a gas field? What does the unconventional gas boom in the United States mean for the rest of the world? Are we headed for a global gas glut? What role will gas play in the future energy mix? And how might the way gas is priced change? All these questions and many others are answered in WEO-2009. The data are extensive, the projections more detailed than ever and the analyses compelling.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (696 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789264061309
    URL: http://www.worldenergyoutlook.org/publications/weo-2009/
    Language: English
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    Measurable, Reportable and Verifiable Mitigation Actions and Support (2009)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
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    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Measurable, Reportable and Verifiable Mitigation Actions and Support
    Pages: Online-Ressource (4 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/measurable-reportable-and-verifiable-mitigation-actions-and-support.html
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  • 25
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    National and Sectoral GHG Mitigation Potential (2009)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
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    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This paper compares model estimates of national and sectoral GHG mitigation potential across six key OECD GHG-emitting economies: Australia, Canada, the EU, Japan, Mexico and the US. It examines the implications of model structure, baseline and policy assumptions, and assesses GHG mitigation potential estimates across a variety of models, including models that are used to inform climate policy-makers in each of these economies.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (85 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/national-and-sectoral-ghg-mitigation-potential.html
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  • 26
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    Climate Policy and Carbon Leakage (2008)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This report explores the effects of the EU emissions trading scheme on the aluminium sector (i.e. competitiveness loss and carbon leakage). With its very high electricity intensity, primary aluminium stands out in the heavy industry picture: a sector whose emissions are not capped in the present EU ETS, European aluminium smelters still stand to lose profit margins and, possibly, market shares, as electricity prices increase following CO2 caps on generators’ emissions - the famous pass-through of CO2 prices into electricity prices. The analysis includes a method of quantification of this issue, based on two indicators: profit margins and trade flows. As the EU is at the forefront of such policy, the paper provides policy messages to all countries on how trade exposed energy-intensive industries can be ‘moved’ by carbon constraint. This also is a contentious topic in Australia, Japan, New Zealand, and the US, where ambitious climate policies – including cap-and-trade systems – are currently debated.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (45 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/climate-policy-and-carbon-leakage.html
    Language: English
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    Coal Mine Methane in China - Addendum (2009)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Coal Mine Methane in China
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/coal-mine-methane-in-china---addendum.html
    Language: English
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    Project Transitions (2009)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investment in the energy system of tomorrow requires substantial resources and informed policy making to achieve energy-security,economic and environmental objectives. The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates 26 trillion USD in investments will be needed in the energy sector by 2030 to sustain current energy trends. Energy business-as-usual, however, and the resulting environmental impacts, are not sustainable as they result in energy insecurity and climate damages. Investment in the energy system of tomorrow requires substantial resources and informed policy making to achieve energy-security, economic and environmental objectives. The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates 26 trillion USD in investments will be needed in the energy sector by 2030 to sustain current energy trends. Energy business-as-usual, however, and the resulting environmental impacts, are not sustainable as they result in energy insecurity and climate damages.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (8 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/project-transitions.html
    Language: English
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    Cogeneration and District Energy (2009)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The report, released at the COGEN Europe meeting in Brussels on 21 April 2009, provides “best practice” policy approaches used by different countries to expand CHP and district energy use. The report follows the 2008 IEA CHP study as part of the IEA International CHP Collaborative effort.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (42 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/cogeneration-and-district-energy.html
    Language: English
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    Price Caps and Price Floors in Climate Policy (2008)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This study assesses the long-term economic and environmental effects of introducing price caps and price floors in hypothetical climate change mitigation architecture, which aims to reduce global energy-related CO2 emissions by 50% by 2050. Based on abatement costs in IPCC and IEA reports, this quantitative analysis confirms what qualitative analyses have already suggested: introducing price caps could significantly reduce economic uncertainty. This uncertainty stems primarily from unpredictable economic growth and energy prices, and ultimately unabated emission trends. In addition, the development of abatement technologies is uncertain. See also Assessing the value of price caps and floors, November 2009 This study assesses the long-term economic and environmental effects of introducing price caps and price floors in hypothetical climate change mitigation architecture, which aims to reduce global energy-related CO2 emissions by 50% by 2050. Based on abatement costs in IPCC and IEA reports, this quantitative analysis confirms what qualitative analyses have already suggested: introducing price caps could significantly reduce economic uncertainty. This uncertainty stems primarily from unpredictable economic growth and energy prices, and ultimately unabated emission trends. In addition, the development of abatement technologies is uncertain. With price caps, the expected costs could be reduced by about 50% and the uncertainty on economic costs could be one order of magnitude lower. Reducing economic uncertainties may spur the adoption of more ambitious policies by helping to alleviate policy makers’ concerns of economic risks. Meanwhile, price floors would reduce the level of emissions beyond the objective if the abatement costs ended up lower than forecasted. If caps and floors are commensurate with the ambition of the policy pursued and combined with slightly tightened emission objectives, climatic results could be on average similar to those achieved with “straight” objectives (i.e. with no cost-containment mechanism).
    Pages: Online-Ressource (53 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/price-caps-and-price-floors-in-climate-policy.html
    Language: English
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    Chemical and Petrochemical Sector (2009)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This paper is a background document on the global chemical and petrochemical sector for the IEA publication Energy Technology Transitions in Industry (IEA, 2009). It provides further, more detailed information on the methodology and data issues for energy efficiency indicators for the sector. The indicators discussed offer insight regarding the energy efficiency improvement potential in the short- to medium-term (by proven technologies). This paper is a background document on the global chemical and petrochemical sector for the IEA publication Energy Technology Transitions in Industry (IEA, 2009). It provides further, more detailed information on the methodology and data issues for energy efficiency indicators for the sector. The indicators discussed offer insight regarding the energy efficiency improvement potential in the short- to medium-term (by proven technologies).
    Pages: Online-Ressource (60 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/chemical-and-petrochemical-sector.html
    Language: English
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    Lessons Learned from the Energy Policies of IEA Countries (2009)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This information paper provides policy makers and managers, facing tough energy policy challenges, with a wider perspective of how the same issues are being addressed by different IEA member countries. The topics included are: Government structures for co-ordinating energy and climate policies The use of long-term energy forecasts and scenarios Progress in the delivery of key energy security policies
    Pages: Online-Ressource (91 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/lessons-learned-from-the-energy-policies-of-iea-countries.html
    Language: English
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    Fact Sheet : Energy Sector Methane Recovery and Use Initiative (2007)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The IEA is undertaking a strategic inititive to improve global energy data and analysis by better incorporating energy sector methane emissions and recovery opportunities. The ultimate goal of this effort is to expand opportunities for cost-effective methane reductions from oil and natural gas facilities, landfills, and coal mines. Methane (CH4) is a hydrocarbon that is the primary component of natural gas. It is also a potent greenhouse gas(GHG), meaning that its presence in the atmosphere affects the earth’s temperature and climate system. As a result, efforts to reduce methane emissions by using methane for energy production can yield environmental, economic, and energy benefits.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (4 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/fact-sheet--energy-sector-methane-recovery-and-use-initiative.html
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    Sectoral Approaches in Electricity : Building Bridges to a Safe Climate (2009)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Addressing climate change requires nothing short of an energy revolution. Electricity, mostly generated from fossil fuels, is at the core of this challenge, accounting for more than 40 % of global energy-related CO2 emissions. This issue is most pressing for developing countries where growth in power demand is particularly high, fueling the risk of irreversible investment in CO2-intensive capacity, the so-called “carbon lock-in”. Addressing climate change requires nothing short of an energy revolution. Electricity, mostly generated from fossil fuels, is at the core of this challenge, accounting for more than 40 % of global energy-related CO2 emissions. This issue is most pressing for developing countries where growth in power demand is particularly high, fueling the risk of irreversible investment in CO2-intensive capacity, the so-called “carbon lock-in”. Sectoral Approaches in Electricity – Building Bridges to a Safe Climate shows how the international climate policy framework could effectively support a transition towards low-CO2 electricity systems in developing countries. Sectoral approaches are intended to address sectors that require urgent actions, without waiting for countries to take nation-wide commitments. Once built, power generation capacity lasts for decades. Investing massively in CO2-intensive technologies to meet surging electricity demand will either make it impossible or overly costly to stabilise CO2 concentrations at sustainable levels. The technology mix needed to avoid such a development is clear: higher generation efficiency, CO2 capture and storage, nuclear and renewables. Earlier IEA publications have extensively reviewed developed countries’ efforts to steer generation away from carbon-intensive production modes, from dedicated support to low-carbon technologies to, increasingly, the reliance on CO2 pricing via emissions trading. Following the same logic, there are proposals seeking to use the international carbon market to drive changes at sectoral level in developing countries. This publication illustrates the pros and cons of such an approach in a few key emerging economies. It also asks how international climate policy could support and enhance ongoing efforts on end-use energy efficiency - an essential piece of the climate change/electricity puzzle.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (186 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/sectoral-approaches-in-electricity-building-bridges-to-a-safe-climate.html
    Language: English
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    CO2 Capture and Storage : A key carbon abatement option (2008)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Climate change is a major challenge. Secure, reliable and affordable energy supplies are needed for economic growth, but increases in the associated carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are the cause of major concern. About 69% of all CO2 emissions, and 60% of all greenhouse gas emissions, are energy-related. Recent IEA analysis in Energy Technology Perspectives 2008 (ETP) projects that the CO2 emissions attributable to the energy sector will increase by 130% by 2050 in the absence of new policies or supply constraints, largely as a result of increased fossil fuel usage. The 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 4th Assessment Report indicates that such a rise in emissions could lead to a temperature increase in the range of 4-7°C, with major impacts on the environment and human activity. It is widely agreed that a halving of energy-related CO2 emissions is needed by 2050 to limit the expected temperature increase to less than 3 degrees. To achieve this will take an energy technology revolution involving increased energy effi ciency, increased renewable energies and nuclear power, and the decarbonisation of power generation from fossil fuels. The only technology available to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from large-scale fossil fuel usage is CO2 capture and storage (CCS). The ETP scenarios demonstrate that CCS will need to contribute nearly one-fi fth of the necessary emissions reductions to reduce global GHG emissions by 50% by 2050 at a reasonable cost. CCS is therefore essential to the achievement of deep emission cuts. Most of the major world economies recognise this, and have CCS technology development programmes designed to achieve commercial deployment. In fact, at the 2008 Hokkaido Toyako summit, the G8 countries endorsed the IEA’s recommendation that 20 large-scale CCS demonstration projects need to be committed by 2010, with a view to beginning broad deployment by 2020. Ministers specifi cally asked for an assessment by the IEA in 2010 of the implementation of these recommendations, as well as an assessment of progress towards accelerated deployment and commercialisation. Current spending and activity levels are nowhere near enough to achieve these deployment goals. CCS technology demonstration has been held back for a number of reasons. In particular, CCS technology costs have increased signifi cantly in the last 5 years. In the absence of suitable fi nancial mechanisms to support CCS, including signifi cant public and private funding for nearterm demonstrations and longer-term integration of CCS into GHG regulatory and incentive schemes, high costs have precluded the initiation of large-scale CCS projects. The regulatory framework necessary to support CCS projects also needs to be further developed. Despite important progress, especially in relation to international marine protection treaties, no country has yet developed the comprehensive, detailed legal and regulatory framework that is necessary effectively to govern the use of CCS. CCS is also poorly understood by the general public. As a result, there is a general lack of public support for CCS as compared to several other GHG mitigation options. This report attempts to address some of these issues by collecting the best global information about the cost and performance of CO2 capture, transport and storage technologies throughout the CCS project chain. Chapters 1-4 contain this information, and use it to conduct a scenario analysis of the role of CCS in climate change mitigation. Chapter 5 discusses the fi nancial incentive mechanisms that governments can use to provide both short- and long-term incentives for CCS. This chapter also contains an expansion and update of the 2007 IEA publication Legal Aspects of CO2 Storage: Updates and Recommendations and examines the current state of public awareness and acceptance of the relevant technologies. Chapter 6 includes a review of the status of CCS policies, research and demonstration programmes, and CO2 storage prospects for several regions and countries. Chapter 7 concludes with a proposed CCS roadmap that includes the necessary technical, political, fi nancial and international collaboration activities to enable CCS to make the contribution it needs to make to global GHG mitigation in the coming decades.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (266 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/co2-capture-and-storage--a-key-carbon-abatement-option.html
    Language: English
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    Emissions Trading : Trends and Prospects (2007)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This paper provides the latest developments of announced, proposed and existing greenhouse gas emissions trading schemes (ETS) around the world since 2006. It also examines different potential design options for ETS (e.g. coverage, allocation mode, provision for offsets), and how these options are treated in the existing, announced or proposed schemes.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (43 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/emissions-trading--trends-and-prospects.html
    Language: English
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    International Methane Partnership Fighting Climate Change (2007)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Due to the growth of international attention on the problem of climate change combined with the attractiveness of methane mitigation technologies, the capture and use of methane in agriculture, coal mines, landfills, and the oil and gas sector has increasingly become popular over the past few years. Highlighting this, several countries hosted the international “Methane to Market” Partnership Conference and Exposition in October 2007 in Beijing, China.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (4 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/international-methane-partnership-fighting-climate-change.html
    Language: English
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    Sectoral Approaches to Greenhouse Gas Mitigation (2007)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This paper explores sectoral approaches as a new set of options to enhance the effectiveness of greenhouse gas reduction policies and to engage emerging economies on a lower emission path. It surveys existing literature and recent policy trends in international climate change discussions, and provides an overview of sectoral approaches and related issues for trade-exposed, greenhouse-gas intensive industries (cement, iron and steel and aluminium). It is also based on interviews conducted by the IEA Secretariat in Australia, China, Europe, Japan, and the United States. Sectoral approaches were also discussed during workshops on technology and energy efficiency policies in industry, following the IEA’s mandate under the Gleneagles Plan of Action.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (77 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/sectoral-approaches-to-greenhouse-gas-mitigation.html
    Language: English
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    New Commitment Options : Compatibility with Emissions Trading (2006)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The ideas expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily represent views of the OECD, the IEA, or their member countries, or the endorsement of any approach described herein.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (25 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/new-commitment-options---compatibility-with-emissions-trading.html
    Language: English
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  • 40
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    Can Energy-Efficient Electrical Appliances be considered "Environmental Goods"? (2006)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This chapter considers electrical appliances for home and office, which are produced and consumed in large and increasing numbers in industrialised and, increasingly, in developing economies.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (53 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/can-energy-efficient-electrical-appliances-be-considered-environmental-goods.html
    Language: English
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    Carbon Capture and Storage in the CDM (2007)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This paper assesses the policy questions as highlighted in the relevant COP/MOP 2 decision, particularly leaks (or seepage) and permanence for geological storage, project boundaries and liability issues, and leakage, as well as a few others raised by some Parties. Since any emissions or leaks during the separation, capture and transport phases would occur during the crediting period of the project (and would therefore be accounted for as project emissions), the paper focuses its analyses for leaks and liability on storage, as it is in this part of the CCS process that long-term leaks could occur.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (31 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/carbon-capture-and-storage-in-the-cdm.html
    Language: English
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    Sectoral Approaches to GHG Mitigation : Scenarios for Integration (2006)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This paper offers a preliminary analysis of several scenarios for integration of sectoral approaches in international and national climate policy. We consider four broad types of sectoral approaches: • A global action, i.e. a unilateral move by industry to foster GHG improvements • A global agreement between industry and Parties to the UNFCCC • A series of national policies targeting a sector, with some intergovernmental co-ordination • A sectoral crediting mechanism whereby reductions recorded at a sector level may be eligible for emission credits
    Pages: Online-Ressource (77 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/sectoral-approaches-to-ghg-mitigation-scenarios-for-integration.html
    Language: English
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    Issues Related to a Programme of Activities under the CDM (2006)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: CDM
    Pages: Online-Ressource (26 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/issues-related-to-a-programme-of-activities-under-the-cdm.html
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    Energy Efficiency in the North American Existing Building Stock (2007)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This report presents the findings of a new assessment of the techno-economic and policy-related efficiency improvement potential in the North American building stock conducted as part of a wider appraisal of existing buildings in member states of the International Energy Agency. It summarizes results and provides insights into the lessons learned through a broader global review of best practice to improve the energy efficiency of existing buildings. At this time, the report is limited to the USA because of the large size of its buildings market. At a later date, a more complete review may include some details about policies and programs in Canada. If resources are available an additional comprehensive review of Canada and Mexico may be performed in the future.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/energy-efficiency-in-the-north-american-existing-building-stock.html
    Language: English
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  • 45
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    Saving Oil in a Hurry (2005)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: During 2004, oil prices reached levels unprecedented in recent years. Though world oil markets remain adequately supplied, high oil prices do reflect increasingly uncertain conditions. Many IEA member countries and nonmember countries alike are concerned about oil costs and oil security and are looking for ways to improve their capability to handle market volatility and possible supply disruptions in the future. This book aims to provide assistance.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/saving-oil-in-a-hurry.html
    Language: English
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    Oil Supply Security : Emergency Response of IEA Countries (2007)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Since its founding in 1974, oil supply security has been a core mission of the International Energy Agency. In order to test IEA member countries’ readiness to deal with oil and gas emergencies, IEA member country representatives and the IEA Secretariat participate in peer reviews of member countries every few years. Procedures and institutional arrangements are thoroughly analysed. The publication Oil Supply Security: The Emergency Response of IEA Countries (2007) represents the last full cycle of reviews of IEA member countries (and some non-member countries). Below are updated reviews of member countries’ (and Chile) emergency preparedness in oil and gas carried out in the most recent review cycle (2009-2012).
    Pages: Online-Ressource (384 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/oil-supply-security-emergency-response-of-iea-countries.html
    Language: English
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    Energy Technology Perspectives 2008 (2008)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The world needs ever increasing energy supplies to sustain economic growth and development. But energy resources are under pressure and CO2 emissions from today’s energy use already threaten our climate. What options do we have for switching to a cleaner and more efficient energy future? How much will it cost? And what policies do we need? This second edition of Energy Technology Perspectives addresses these questions, drawing on the renowned expertise of the International Energy Agency and its energy technology network. This publication responds to the G8 call on the IEA to provide guidance for decision makers on how to bridge the gap between what is happening and what needs to be done in order to build a clean, clever and competitive energy future. The IEA analysis demonstrates that a more sustainable energy future is within our reach, and that technology is the key. Increased energy efficiency, CO2 capture and storage, renewables, and nuclear power will all be important. We must act now if we are to unlock the potential of current and emerging technologies and reduce the dependency on fossil fuels with its consequent effects on energy security and the environment. This innovative work demonstrates how energy technologies can make a difference in an ambitious series of global scenarios to 2050. The study contains technology road maps for all key energy sectors, including electricity generation, buildings, industry and transport. Energy Technology Perspectives 2008 provides detailed technology and policy insights to help focus the discussion and debate in energy circles..
    Pages: Online-Ressource (500 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/energy-technology-perspectives-2008--.html
    Language: English
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    Financing Energy Efficient Homes (2007)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Existing buildings require over 40% of the world’s total final energy consumption, and account for 24% of world CO2 emissions (IEA, 2006a). Much of this consumption could be avoided through improved efficiency of building energy systems (IEA, 2006a) using current, commercially-viable technology. In most cases, these technologies make economic sense on a life-cycle cost analysis (IEA, 2006b). Moreover, to the extent that they reduce dependence on risk-prone fossil energy sources, energy efficient technologies also address concerns of energy security.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/financing-energy-efficient-homes.html
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    Experience with Energy Efficiency Requirements for Electrical Equipment (2007)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This paper has been produced as part of the work programme in support of the Gleneagles Plan of Action (GPOA), where the IEA was requested to “undertake a study to review existing global appliance standards and codes”. In accordance with the G8 request, this study investigates the coverage and impact of forms of minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) and comparative energy labelling programmes; which comprise the cornerstone of most IEA countries national energy efficiency strategy. This scope also reflects governments’ aspirations to achieve ambitious targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. As a result, this study does not address endorsement labelling and associated voluntary programmes, although these are also important policy tools for national energy efficiency strategies.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (105 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/experience-with-energy-efficiency-requirements-for-electrical-equipment.html
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  • 50
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    Coal Mine Methane in Russia (2009)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This paper discusses coal mine methane emissions (CMM) in the Russian Federation and the potential for their productive utilisation. It highlights specific opportunities for cost-effective reductions of CMM from oil and natural gas facilities, coal mines and landfills, with the aim of improving knowledge about effective policy approaches.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (70 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/coal-mine-methane-in-russia.html
    Language: English
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    Computational theory of iterative methods (2007)
    Amsterdam ; London : Elsevier
    Details
    Keywords: DDC 518.26 ; LC QA297.8 ; Iterative methods (Mathematics)
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xv, 487 pages)
    ISBN: 9780444531629
    URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/publication?issn=1570579X&volume=15
    Language: English
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    World Energy Outlook 2006 (2006)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This publication examines global energy trends and sets out projections for supply and demand of oil, gas, coal and power sectors. It then goes on to present an alternative policy scenario which considers the energy challenges we need to address to secure a sustainable energy future, identifies priority areas for action and key instruments, and measures both the costs and cost-effectiveness of alternative policies. Other issues discussed include: the impact of higher energy prices, current trends in oil and gas investment, the prospects for nuclear power, the outlook for biofuels, energy for cooking in developing countries, and an in-depth study of the energy sector in Brazil.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (596 Seiten)
    Edition: 2nd ed.
    ISBN: 9264109897
    URL: http://www.worldenergyoutlook.org/media/weowebsite/2008-1994/WEO2006.pdf
    Language: English
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    World Energy Outlook 2005 : Middle East North Africa Insights (2005)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This year's edition of this key source for global energy statistics, projections and analysis focuses on trends and developments in the major oil and gas producing countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, in order to assess whether energy production from this region will increase sufficiently to satisfy global demand. In addition to providing updated projections of world energy demand and supply to 2030, the publication analyses regional trends for oil, natural gas, electricity and water desalination with dedicated chapters on Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. It also includes a 'deferred investment scenario' setting out an analysis of how global energy markets might evolve in a changed investment situation; an in-depth analysis of the global refining industry; and a review of the MENA power and water desalination sectors.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (629 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9264109498
    URL: http://www.worldenergyoutlook.org/media/weowebsite/2008-1994/WEO2005.pdf
    Language: English
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    Toward a Clean, Clever and Competitive Energy Future (2007)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: At the Gleneagles Summit in July 2005, the G8 heads of state asked the International Energy Agency (IEA) to identify measures to map out the path to a “clean, clever and competitive energy future.” This request came in recognition of the Agency’s strengths and offered the opportunity to draw on its existing expertise and programmes. We responded with a broad array of initiatives to develop strategies to mitigate climate change, secure clean energy and achieve sustainable development.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (12 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/toward-a-clean-clever-and-competitive-energy-future.html
    Language: English
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    Energy in the Western Balkans (2008)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The conflicts over the break-up of the former Yugoslavia damaged much of the energy infrastructure and compounded the challenge of providing reliable energy supply. The Western Balkans – composed of Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Kosovo – is a complex region facing significant energy challenges. The conflicts over the break-up of the former Yugoslavia damaged much of the energy infrastructure and compounded the challenge of providing reliable energy supply. Electricity systems in many parts of the region remain fragile and in need of investment. A priority across the region is to put into place the institutions, infrastructure and policies that can support the provision of reliable, affordable and sustainable energy. For the Western Balkans as a whole, a key element of the reform effort is the Energy Community Treaty – a regulatory and market framework to which the entire region has now subscribed. This Treaty aims to create an integrated regional market for electricity and gas compatible with the European Union’s internal energy market. This Energy Policy Survey is the first comprehensive review of energy policies and strategies in the Western Balkan region, and also covers important cross-cutting topics such as co-operation and energy trade, oil and gas transportation, and the links between energy and poverty. It identifies and assesses the reforms that are still needed to deliver efficient, modernised energy systems that can assist economic development, address energy poverty and reduce the environmental impacts of energy use.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (416 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/energy-in-the-western-balkans.html
    Language: English
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    Energy Management Action Network (EMAK) (2009)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The IEA has identified energy efficiency as essential to achieving a sustainable energy future. In order to improve energy efficiency in industry one of the priority areas for further action is the promotion of more and higher quality energy management (EM) activity. However, there are significant gaps in the current implementation of EM. One method of bridging these gaps would be the creation of an EM Action NetworK (EMAK) to bring practical support to energy managers, connect energy managers to energy policy makers, and interconnect these networks globally.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (68 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/energy-management-action-network-emak.html
    Language: English
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    Energy Efficiency Requirements in Building Codes (2008)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The aim of this paper is to describe and analyse current approaches to encourage energy efficiency in building codes for new buildings. Based on this analysis the paper enumerates policy recommendations for enhancing how energy efficiency is addressed in building codes and other policies for new buildings. This paper forms part of the IEA work for the G8 Gleneagles Plan of Action. These recommendations reflect the study of different policy options for increasing energy efficiency in new buildings and examination of other energy efficiency requirements in standards or building codes, such as energy efficiency requirements by major renovation or refurbishment. In many countries, energy efficiency of buildings falls under the jurisdiction of the federal states. Different standards cover different regions or climatic conditions and different types of buildings, such as residential or simple buildings, commercial buildings and more complicated high-rise buildings. There are many different building codes in the world and the intention of this paper is not to cover all codes on each level in all countries. Instead, the paper details different regions of the world and different ways of standards. In this paper we also evaluate good practices based on local traditions. This project does not seek to identify one best practice amongst the building codes and standards. Instead, different types of codes and different parts of the regulation have been illustrated together with examples on how they have been successfully addressed. To complement this discussion of efficiency standards, this study illustrates how energy efficiency can be improved through such initiatives as efficiency labelling or certification, very best practice buildings with extremely low- or no-energy consumption and other policies to raise buildings’ energy efficiency beyond minimum requirements. When referring to the energy saving potentials for buildings, this study uses the analysis of recent IEA publications, including the World Energy Outlook 2006 (WEO) and Energy Technology Perspective (ETP). Here, we based the estimates of potentials on the scenarios presented, in particular on the predictions of consumption in the residential and commercial sectors in the WEO 2006. Finally, this paper recommends policies which could be used to realise these large and feasible energy saving potentials in new buildings, and the use of building codes by renovation or refurbishment. The paper addresses as well experts as policy makers and interest groups with particular interest in energy efficiency in new buildings. Some parts might hence seem simplified and known for some experts, such as the discussions on barriers or the climatic impact on efficiency. Other parts might on the other hand seem a little technical for the policy oriented reader or for some interest groups. But there are large and compelling opportunities, this is recognised by many experts as well as there is a will to act by many policymakers and governments. But still too little happen because there are barriers and low understanding also in the institutional parts or little communications between different layers of the implementation process. The paper hence aims to bridge these gabs by addressing several different groups at the same time. So hopefully the reader will accept these inconveniences.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (85 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/energy-efficiency-requirements-in-building-codes---policies-for-new-buildings.html
    Language: English
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    Contribution of Renewables to Energy Security (2007)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The environmental benefits of renewable energy are well known. But the contribution that they can make to energy security is less widely recognised. This report aims to redress the balance, showing how in electricity generation, heat supply, and transport, renewables can enhance energy security and suggesting policies that can optimise this contribution.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (74 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/contribution-of-renewables-to-energy-security.html
    Language: English
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    Reviewing R&D Policies (2007)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Energy security, environmental protection and economic prosperity all pose major challenges for today’s energy decision makers. To meet these challenges, innovation, the adoption of new cost effective technologies, and better use of existing energy-efficient technologies are key elements. The world is not on course for a sustainable energy future – with security concerns and CO2 emissions projected to more than double by 2050. But this alarming outlook can be changed. A recent major IEA analysis “Energy Technology Perspectives – Scenarios and Strategies to 2050” (IEA, 2006) demonstrate that by developing and employing technologies that already exist or are under development, the world could be brought onto a much more sustainable energy path. The costs of achieving a more sustainable energy future are not disproportionate, but they will require substantial effort and investment by both the public and private sectors. There will be significant additional transitional costs related to RD&D and deployment programmes to commercialise many of the technologies over the next couple of decades. Governments will continue to play a major role in energy technology R&D – in defining policies and funding them. How can IEA member country governments be sure they are making the right choices? One answer is by learning from the experience of others – through the use of peer reviews. The IEA version of the peer review – the in-depth review - is a well established tool used since the IEA was created more than 30 years ago. It provides for its members a framework to examine and compare experiences and discuss “best practices” in a host of energy policy areas, including research, development and technology policy. Making the most of the in-depth review process, as well as recommendations emanating from it, offers the promise of better and more well-informed R&D policies – ultimately assisting the development of the new energy technologies that we so urgently need.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (79 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/reviewing-rd-policies.html
    Language: English
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    Combined Heat and Power (2008)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: At their 2007 Summit in Heiligendamm, G8 leaders called on countries to “adopt instruments and measures to significantly increase the share of combined heat and power (CHP) in the generation of electricity.” As a result, energy, economic, environmental and utility regulators are looking for tools and information to understand the potential of CHP and to identify appropriate policies for their national circumstances. This report forms the first part of the response. It includes answers to policy makers’ questions about the potential economic, energy and environmental benefits of an increased policy commitment to CHP. It also includes for the first time integrated IEA data on global CHP installations, and analyses the benefits of increased CHP investment in the G8+5 countries. A companion report will be produced later in 2008 to document best practice policy approaches that have been used to expand the use of CHP in a variety of countries.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (39 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/combined-heat-and-power.html
    Language: English
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    Saving Electricity in a Hurry (2005)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This book describes why temporary shortages of electricity supplies occur even in the wealthiest countries with the most sophisticated electricity networks. Most shortages are local and minor and easily addressed. But, in other cases, the shortages persist for days, weeks, or even years and involve millions of people, and this is the target of this book. The reasons for these shortages are incredibly diverse: from forest fires to safety problems at power stations, from problems in electricity market liberalisation to heat or cold waves. These events can happen anywhere – and they do! The results are blackouts, brownouts and other curtailments on electricity consumption.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/saving-electricity-in-a-hurry-2005.html
    Language: English
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    Cleaner Coal in China (2009)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: China’s rapid economic growth has aroused intense interest around the world. Policy makers, industrialists, investors, environmentalists, researchers and others want to better understand the issues that this populous nation faces as it further develops an already thriving economy largely fuelled by coal. This study sheds light on the Chinese coal supply and transformation sectors. China’s rapid economic growth has aroused intense interest around the world. Policy makers, industrialists, investors, environmentalists, researchers and others want to better understand the issues that this populous nation faces as it further develops an already thriving economy largely fuelled by coal. This study sheds light on the Chinese coal supply and transformation sectors. China’s coal, mined locally and available at a relatively low cost, has brought enormous benefits to energy consumers in China and to those outside the country who enjoy the products of its coal-based economy. Yet from another perspective, China’s coal use has a high cost. Despite progress, health and safety in the thousands of small coal mines lag far behind the standards achieved in China’s modern, large mines. Environmental degradation is a real and pressing problem at all stages of coal production, supply and use. Adding to these burdens, emissions of carbon dioxide are of concern to the Chinese government as it embarks on its own climate protection strategy. Technology solutions are already transforming the way coal is used in China and elsewhere. This study explores the context in which the development and deployment of these technologies can be accelerated. Providing a large amount of new data, it describes in detail the situation in China as well as the experiences of other countries in making coal cleaner. Above all, the report calls for much greater levels of collaboration – existing bi-lateral and multi-lateral co-operation with China on coal is found lacking. China’s growing openness presents many commercial opportunities. Establishing a global market for cleaner coal technologies is key to unlocking the potential of technology – one of ten major recommendations made in this study.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (320 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/cleaner-coal-in-china.html
    Language: English
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    Case Studies in Sustainable Development in the Coal Industry (2006)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The goal of sustainable development is to ensure economic growth today without jeopardising economic development, the social well-being and natural environment of future generations. Energy consumption is closely tied to this goal and plays a key role in determining whether is attainable. As oil, gas and coal still heavily dominate world energy supply, fossil fuels – because of their environmental impact – have been challenged to contribute to a cleaner and sustainable energy future. In 2002, the International Energy Agency Coal Industry Advisory Board issued a position paper at the United Nations World Summit on Sustainable Development that recognised the paramount importance of sustainable development and committed to rally its members to provide evidence of progress towards sustainable development. In this compendium of over fifty case studies, the coal industry demonstrates that practical progress is being made in many areas: communities and people; resource stewardship and environmental impacts; management processes and systems; and along the value chain, in co-operation with customers and suppliers. This publication illustrates that many of the commercial objectives of the coal industry – cost effective achievement of environmental standards, technology research and development, technology transfer and collaboration along the value chain – are also issues that governments can approach positively, in consultation with industry, so that coal is able to have a long-term role in sustainable development.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (97 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/case-studies-in-sustainable-development-in-the-coal-industry.html
    Language: English
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    Open Data and Energy Analytics (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Open data and policy implications coming from data-aware planning entail collection and pre- and postprocessing as operations of primary interest. Before these steps, making data available to people and their decision-makers is a crucial point. Referring to the relationship between data and energy, public administrations, governments, and research bodies are promoting the construction of reliable and robust datasets to pursue policies coherent with the Sustainable Development Goals, as well as to allow citizens to make informed choices. Energy engineers and planners must provide the simplest and most robust tools to collect, process, and analyze data in order to offer solid data-based evidence for future projections in building, district, and regional systems planning. This Special Issue aims at providing the state-of-the-art on open-energy data analytics; its availability in the different contexts, i.e., country peculiarities; and its availability at different scales, i.e., building, district, and regional for data-aware planning and policy-making. For all the aforementioned reasons, we encourage researchers to share their original works on the field of open data and energy analytics. Topics of primary interest include but are not limited to the following: 1. Open data and energy sustainability; 2. Open data science and energy planning; 3. Open science and open governance for sustainable development goals; 4. Key performance indicators of data-aware energy modelling, planning, and policy; 5. Energy, water, and sustainability database for building, district, and regional systems; 6. Best practices and case studies.
    Keywords: data envelopment analysis ; Kohonen self-organizing maps ; factor analysis ; multiple regression ; energy efficiency ; social media ; energy-consuming activities ; energy consumption ; machine learning ; ontology ; energy performance certificate ; heating energy demand ; buildings ; data mining ; classification ; regression ; decision tree ; support vector machine ; random forest ; artificial neural network ; open data ; electrification modelling ; Malawi ; OnSSET ; MESSAGEix ; reproducibility ; collaborative work ; open modelling and data ; data-handling ; integrated assessment modelling ; data pre- and post-processing ; space heating ; domestic hot water ; market assessment ; EU28 ; district heating ; data analytics ; big data ; forecasting ; energy ; polygeneration ; clustering ; kNN ; pattern recognition ; heating ; building stock ; heat map ; spatial analysis ; heat density map ; building performance simulation ; parametric modelling ; energy management ; model calibration ; Passive House ; energy planning ; energy potential mapping ; urban energy atlas ; urban energy transition ; energy data ; data-aware planning ; spatial planning ; open data analytics ; smart cities ; open energy governance ; urban database ; energy mapping ; building dataset ; energy modelling ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
    Language: English
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    Sustainable Energy Systems Planning, Integration and Management (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Energy systems worldwide are undergoing major transformation as a consequence of the transition towards the widespread use of clean and sustainable energy sources. Basically, this involves massive changes in technical and organizational levels together with tremendous technological upgrades in different sectors ranging from energy generation and transmission systems down to distribution systems. These actions generate huge science and engineering challenges and demands for expert knowledge in the field to create solutions for a sustainable energy system that is economically, environmentally, and socially viable while meeting high security requirements. This book covers these promising and dynamic areas of research and development, and presents contributions in sustainable energy systems planning, integration, and management. Moreover, the book elaborates on a variety of topics, ranging from design and planning of small- to large-scale energy systems to the operation and control of energy networks in different sectors, namely electricity, heat, ?and transport.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; Romanian coastal environment ; neural networks ; intermittent heating ; wind velocities ; time-space network ; optimal chiller loading (OCL) ; renewable energy ; pure electric buses ; mixed-integer non-linear programming problem (MINLP) ; control system ; FANP ; energy consumption ; load regulation ; energy ; smart box ; novel method ; smart logistics system ; multiple uncertainties ; non-intrusive load monitoring ; wind speed forecasting ; solid waste to energy plant ; uncertain cooling demand ; dual robust optimization ; Black Sea ; field test and numerical simulation ; electric power ; sustainable development ; multi-type bus operating organization ; cuckoo search algorithm ; vehicular emissions ; SWAN ; public transport ; product quality model ; MCDM ; TOPSIS ; heat transfer ; solar energy ; forecasting validity ; information gap decision theory (IGDT) ; photovoltaic systems ; configurations of internal wall ; ensemble empirical mode decomposition ; agricultural pruning ; hot summer and cold winter climate zone ; energy and environmental systems ; feature extraction ; information platform ; pruning biomass ; smart grid ; product usability testing ; meteorological variables ; fuzzy logic ; performance evaluation ; rural residential building ; threshold value of daily operation hours ; datacenter ; wave energy ; thermal comfort ; heat storage and release ; resampling ; risk aversion ; environment ; support vector machine ; internal coverings ; numerical models ; gradient descent ; renewable biomass energy ; demand response ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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    Special Issue of the Manufacturing Engineering Society 2019 (SIMES-2019) (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book derives from the Special Issue of the Manufacturing Engineering Society 2019 (SIMES-2019) that has been launched as a joint issue of the journals Materials and Applied Sciences. The 29 contributions published in this Special Issue of Materials present cutting-edge advances in the field of manufacturing engineering focusing on additive manufacturing and 3D printing; advances and innovations in manufacturing processes; sustainable and green manufacturing; manufacturing of new materials; metrology and quality in manufacturing; industry 4.0; design, modeling, and simulation in manufacturing engineering; and manufacturing engineering and society. Among them, the topic "Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing" has attracted a large number of contributions in this journal due to its widespread popularity and potential.
    Keywords: Bayesian inference ; control chart ; dynamic methodology ; hidden Markov chain ; occupational accident ; risk assessment ; risk control ; risk management ; Fused Deposition Modeling ; roughness ; Polylactic Acid ; print orientation angle ; build angle ; titanium alloys ; sustainable lubrication ; cryogenic lubrication ; MQL ; OD grinding ; CBN ; dressing ; rotary dresser ; wear ; CVD diamond ; additive manufacturing ; 3D printing ; fused filament fabrication ; flexural properties ; fatigue ; PLA ; cements ; ballast waste ; cornubianite ; mechanical properties ; Spain ; joining ; forming ; sheet–tube connections ; experimentation ; modelling and simulation ; quality enhancement ; process parameters ; design optimization ; calibration artifact ; kinematic support ; dimensional metrology ; machine tool ; length measurement ; rapid prototyping ; efficiency ; printing time ; experimental model ; prepeg ; carbon fiber ; Raman spectroscopy ; AWJM ; waterjet ; CFRP ; kerf taper ; surface quality ; metal forming ; bi-metallic ; cylinders ; compression ; finite elements ; microscopy ; cold expansion ; mandrel ; cold-forming ; swaging ; shipbuilding ; LARG paradigm ; supply chain ; coordinate metrology ; confocal microscopy ; measurement ; calibration ; traceability ; uncertainty ; quality assessment ; digital image correlation ; indentation process ; incremental forming ; finite element method ; material flow ; AWJM (Abrasive waterjet machining) ; CFRTP (Carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastics) ; RSM (response surface methodology) ; ANOVA (Analysis of variance) ; C/TPU (carbon/polyurethane) ; image processing ; position control ; accuracy ; micromachines ; position compensation ; inverse conical perspective ; micromanufacturing ; manufacturing systems ; mechatronics ; FDM ; bimodulus materials ; standards ; finite element analysis (FEA) ; ABS ; anisotropy ; infill density ; layer orientation ; ASTM D638–14:2014 ; ISO 527–2:2012 ; grounding electrodes in two-layered soils ; step and touch potentials ; step potentials upper bound ; orthoses ; prostheses ; fused deposition modeling ; laminated object manufacturing ; selective laser sintering ; laser tracker ; Monte Carlo method ; verification ; green manufacturing ; sustainability metrics ; cleaner product life cycle ; material removal processes ; hybrid components ; light alloys ; magnesium ; aluminum ; drilling ; dry machining ; cold compressed air ; lubrication and cooling systems ; arithmetical mean roughness ; Ra ; average maximum height ; Rz ; repair and maintenance operations ; fused deposition modelling ; composites ; polymer injection moulding ; polyamide ; metal matrix composite ; Al-SiC ; microstructure ; machining ; cooling compressed air ; thrust force ; energy ; material removed rate ; PEEK-GF30 ; multi-response optimization ; sustainable manufacturing ; metrology ; industry 4.0 ; modeling and simulation ; quality in manufacturing ; technological and industrial heritage ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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    Energy: Electrochemical Storage and Sustainable Development (2021)
    Collège de France
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: The storage and conversion of energy is one of the major scientific challenges of the decades to come, with high stakes for the environment. What new materials will allow for more efficient and “cleaner” batteries to be developed? Jean-Marie Tarascon reviews these issues and their implications for our future and that of the planet. In particular, he discusses lithium-ion technology, the contribution of nanotechnologies, and current research using bio-inspired methods to develop innovations su...
    Keywords: sustainable development ; environment ; nanotechnology ; green chemistry ; lithium-ion battery ; energy
    Language: English
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    Energy Policy, Regulation and Sustainable Development (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: This reprint is mainly aimed at economists involved in the energy market. Energy market processes have an enormous impact on people's day-to-day economic activities. The economics of sustainability leads the way in theorizing how best to prevent environmental degradation whilst also fostering positive economic development. For these reasons, the focus of this reprint is mainly on pollution and the energy transition. Works on energy resources and future-oriented solutions that reduce the consumption of classical energy resources are explored in the reprint. Papers relating to contemporary accounting and the stock market are also presented. The geographical area of the works showcased here essentially covers the entire eastern hemisphere of the globe (Asia, Africa and Europe). They are mainly empirical studies, although in one case a bibliometric analysis is included.
    Keywords: energy market ; stock market ; mood ; emotions ; weather ; causality ; industry ; renewable energy ; CO2 emissions ; Sub-Saharan Africa ; pollution charges ; green technology innovation ; industrial enterprise ; heterogeneity analysis ; oil prices ; inflation ; exchange rate ; goodwill ; impairment of goodwill ; quality of financial statements ; energy sector ; mining ; fuel ; disclosures of financial information ; nearly zero-energy housing ; NZEB ; barriers ; perceptions ; housing professionals ; sustainability transition ; energy ; green indicators ; blue indicators ; carbon neutrality ; nonlinear ARDL ; European Union ; sustainable energy development ; energy transformation ; energy strategy ; taxonomical analysis ; ranking ; TOPSIS method ; renewable energy transition ; non-euro area ; panel data ; Granger causality ; VECM ; human capital ; CO2 emission ; FDI ; technological innovation ; carbon emission efficiency ; carbon emission ; renewable energy sources ; government regulations ; subsidy programmes ; prosumers ; micro-installations ; regression discontinuity design ; green taxes ; greenhouse gas emissions ; indicators of reduction in greenhouse gas emissions ; sustainable development ; green energy ; innovation ; trends ; bibliometric analysis ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
    Language: English
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    Innovation in Energy Security and Long-Term Energy Efficiency Ⅱ (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: The sustainable development of our planet depends on the use of energy. The increasing world population inevitably causes an increase in the demand for energy, which, on the one hand, threatens us with the potential to encounter a shortage of energy supply, and, on the other hand, causes the deterioration of the environment. Therefore, our task is to reduce this demand through different innovative solutions (i.e., both technological and social). Social marketing and economic policies can also play their role by affecting the behavior of households and companies and by causing behavioral change oriented to energy stewardship, with an overall switch to renewable energy resources. This reprint provides a platform for the exchange of a wide range of ideas, which, ultimately, would facilitate driving societies toward long-term energy efficiency.
    Keywords: natural resources ; globalization ; energy ; nonparametric causality in quantiles ; energy security ; power market ; near-zero emission technologies ; oxy-fuel combustion cycles ; emission rights sales mechanism ; economic assessment ; Oil Companies ; innovations ; investments in R&amp ; D ; forecasting the Innovation activities ; industry 4.0 ; Agenda 2030 ; sustainable human development ; measuring development ; energy sustainability ; indirect measurement ; composed indexes ; forecasting ; linear regression ; planning ; polynomial regression ; power supply ; green building ; housing projects management ; sustainable construction ; renewable energy sources ; real estate developers ; deviation ; energy dependence ; energy efficiency management ; energy saving ; cost ; risk limit ; energy industry ; energy supply ; energy intensity ; energy efficiency ; energy industry risks ; dilemma ; development ; Kazakhstan ; energy transitions ; Latin America ; power system ; sustainability ; economic growth ; pollution ; renewable energy ; oil and gas industry ; investments ; rating ; competitiveness ; financial analysis ; risk ; profitability ; merchandising technologies ; correlation ; scenario ; social development ; optimization ; investment ; financial portfolio ; financial leverage ; integral rating ; industry rating ; high-tech company ; decision-making ; minimax ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics
    Language: English
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    Sustainable Water Management and Wetland Restoration Strategies in Northern China (2021)
    bu,press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-04-28
    Description: This book depicts the results of a research project in northern China, where an international and interdisciplinary team of researchers from Italy, Germany and China has applied a broad range of methodology in order to answer basic and applied research questions and derive comprehensive recommendations for sustainable water management and wetland restoration. The project primarily focused on ecosystem services, e.g. the purification of water and biomass production. In particular, the ecosystem function and use of reed (Phragmites australis) and the perception as well as the value of water as a resource for Central Asia's multicultural societies was analysed.
    Keywords: progetto ; purification ; klärung ; asien ; forschung ; schilf ; biomass ; sedimentazione ; energia ; ecosystem ; asia ; development ; energie ; energy ; ökosystem ; ricerca ; project ; research ; sviluppo ; ambiente ; entwicklung ; reed ; umwelt ; biomasse ; sistema ecologico ; canna palustre ; projekt ; environment ; resource ; biomassa ; China ; Phragmites ; Sustainability ; Wetland ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment
    Language: English
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    Advancement in the Fluid Dynamics Research of Reversible Pump-Turbine (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: Pumped storage technology is a large-scale, efficient, flexible and clean energy storage technology. The core of it is the design of pumped storage units, which involves the operation and flow characteristics of vane hydraulic machinery under pump and turbine modes, as well as the complex flow conditions of the upstream and downstream flow channels of the units. With this as the background, this book expounds on the relevant problems and their solutions, providing a scientific basis for the development of pumped storage technology. I hope this book can provide as a useful reference for readers.
    Keywords: tip clearance ; vertical axial flow pump ; whole channel numerical simulation ; pressure pulsation ; leakage vortex ; bulb tubular pump ; numerical simulation ; adjusting speed ; transition process ; pressure fluctuation ; pump turbine ; flow energy loss ; flow–head stability ; guide vane opening ; V-inclined pipe ; sand transport ; critical velocity ; flow pattern ; orthogonal test method ; lateral intake ; CFD numerical simulation ; diversion pier ; prefabricated pumping station ; centrifugal pump ; energy characteristics ; internal flow field ; test ; integrated pump gate ; inlet channel ; outlet channel ; hydraulic performance ; “S” shaped airfoil ; bidirectional axial flow pump ; axial flow pumps ; energy ; cavitation ; numerical calculation ; Francis turbine ; sediment erosion ; clearance ; CFD ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    Application of Novel Thermal Technology in Foods Processing (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Advanced and novel thermal technologies, such as ohmic heating, dielectric heating (e.g., microwave heating and radio frequency heating), and inductive heating, have been developed to improve the effectiveness of heat processing whilst guaranteeing food safety and eliminating undesirable impacts on the organoleptic and nutritional properties of foods. Novel thermal technologies rely on heat generation directly inside foods, which has implications for improving the overall energy efficiency of the heating process itself. The use of novel thermal technologies is dependent on the complexity and inherent properties of the food materials of interest (e.g., thermal conductivity, electrical resistance, water content, pH, rheological properties, food porosity, and presence of particulates). Moreover, there is a need to address the combined use of thermal processing with emerging technologies such as pulsed electric fields, high hydrostatic pressure, and ultrasound to complement the conventional thermal processing of fluid or solid foods. This Special Issue provides readers with an overview of the latest applications of various novel technologies in food processing. A total of eight cutting-edge original research papers and one comprehensive review paper discussing novel processing technologies from the perspectives of food safety, sustainability, process engineering, (bio)chemical changes, health, nutrition, sensory issues, and consumers are covered in this Special Issue.
    Keywords: pecan ; dielectric properties ; radio frequency (RF) heating ; simulation ; maceration-fermentation ; polyphenol extraction ; PEF ; Grenache ; sensory analysis. ; hyperspectral imaging ; cold spots ; microwave ; sterilization ; Maillard reaction ; frying ; mathematical model ; mass transfer ; heat transfer ; pulsed electric fields ; solid plant foods ; Geobacillus ; Clostridium ; spores ; inactivation ; thermal resistance ; senior-friendly food ; solid–liquid mixture ; ohmic heating ; vacuum ; blanching ; drying ; efficiency ; energy ; ultrasound ; potato ; variable space network method ; enthalpy method ; approximate quasi-steady-state analysis ; explicit finite difference ; kinetic ; pulsed electric field ; cultivar ; colour ; lightness ; first order ; activation energy ; Arrhenius ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Microwave Applications in Chemical Engineering (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue comprises 9 research papers on the application of microwaves in chemical engineering, covering the basic research into the optimization design of microwave reaction equipment as well as methods to improve microwave heating uniformity. Also included are the practical application of microwave-assisted processing in chemical engineering in the extraction of traditional Chinese medicine and essential oils from plant materials; the treatment of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer waste; and the drying treatment of drill cuttings and Zhaotong lignite. These 9 papers together represent unique and valuable references in the research of microwave technology.
    Keywords: microwave heating ; biodiesel ; oleic acid ; coupling ; multiphysics calculation ; Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) ; microwave-assisted extraction ; response surface methodology ; yield and composition of essential oils ; uniformity analysis ; electric discharge analysis ; Aurantii fructus ; antioxidant flavonoids ; ultrasonic-assisted extraction ; criteria importance through intercriteria correlation method ; red vine leaves ; polyphenols ; microwaves ; ultrasonic waves ; pulsed electric fields ; laboratory robot ; extraction ; lignite ; microwave drying kinetics ; hot-air drying kinetics ; effective diffusion coefficient ; apparent activation energy ; applicator design ; electromagnetic simulation ; coaxial feeding ; drill cuttings ; drying ; energy ; microwave ; conveyor belt ; CFRP ; recycling ; carbon fibers ; thermolysis ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Innovative Economic Technologies and Policies in the Energy Sector (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: This reprint is a Special Issue titled "Innovative Economic Technologies and Policies in the Energy Sector" that was published in Energies.
    Keywords: financial analysis ; energy holdings ; financial strategy ; environment ; Minimax ; dynamic ranges ; multivalued dynamic series ; Hausdorff distances ; approximation model ; constraint ; financial market ; integral index ; competitive advantage ; investments ; share distribution ; optimization model ; minimax ; hierarchical analysis ; circular convolution ; blockchain ; case study ; internet of things (IoT) ; natural gas ; engineering ; green economy ; greenhouse gases ; cross-border carbon regulation ; taxes ; distributed energy ; electric power industry ; alternative energy sources ; actor ; modeling ; technological and value audit ; oil and petroleum products market ; economic development ; oil companies ; tax expenditures ; tax incentives ; energy sector ; scale of tax expenditures ; European Union ; oil ; renewable energy ; coal ; economic growth ; gross domestic product ; ordinary least squares ; fixed effect ; selection effect ; econometrics ; gretl software ; state audit ; climate policy ; institutional projects ; energy ; forward contract ; nodal pricing ; Cournot ; market power ; market structure ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCM Development economics and emerging economies
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    Ionic Conductive Membranes for Fuel Cells (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: This book, titled “Ionic Conductive Membranes for Fuel Cells”, from the journal Membranes, discusses the state of the art and future developments in the field of polymer electrolyte membranes for fuel cells, an efficient and clean system for converting fuel into energy.
    Keywords: proton exchange membranes ; PEMFC ; PFSA annealing ; hydration ; nc index ; PPSU ; High IEC, CSPPSU ; activation ; PEMFCs ; PVA:CS polymer blend ; NH4I salt ; XRD and FESEM ; impedance ; dielectric properties ; TNM and LSV study ; fuel cell technology ; energy ; polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) ; solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) ; direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) ; reverse electrodialysis ; Nafion ; brine ; semi-crystalline polymers ; small-angle neutron scattering ; bioremediation ; renewable energy ; organic pollutants ; electrogens ; wastewater ; proton exchange membrane fuel cells ; radical scavengers ; halloysite ; cerium oxide ; PEM ; PEFC ; ionomer ; polymer electrolyte membrane ; polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell ; proton exchange membrane ; proton exchange membrane fuel cell ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    After the An­thro­po­cene: Time and Mo­bil­ity (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book discusses the geological time that will follow the human-dominated epoch and ways to move there. In addition to an editorial, a total of five articles are published in this volume. The articles engage with a variety of social science disciplines—ranging from economics and sociology to philosophy and political science—and connect to natural science’s insights into the Anthropocene. The volume calls for going beyond anthropocentrism in sustainability theory and practice in order to exit the Anthropocene with applications and insights in the contexts of politics, energy, tourism, food and management. We hope that you will find this book interesting and helpful in contributing to sustainable change.
    Keywords: sustainable diets ; Anthropocene ; indigenous ontologies ; temporality ; sustainable futures ; energy ; transportation ; mobility ; energy intensity ; cities ; anthropocentrism ; deep ecology ; degrowth ; domination ; ecological realism ; politics ; post-Anthropocene ; power ; supremacy ; transformation ; embodiment ; organising ; eco-phenomenology ; proximity tourism ; more-than-human ; new materialism ; time ; nature ; culture ; sustainability ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Transitions in Energy Efficiency and Demand (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-30
    Description: Meeting the goals enshrined in the Paris Agreement and limiting global temperature increases to less than two degrees above pre-industrial levels demands rapid reductions in global carbon dioxide emissions. Reducing energy demand has a central role in achieving this goal, but existing policy initiatives have been largely incremental in terms of the technological and behavioural changes they encourage. Against this background, this book develops a sociotechnical approach to the challenge of reducing energy demand and illustrates this with a number of empirical case studies from the United Kingdom. In doing so, it explores the emergence, diffusion and impact of low energy innovations, including electric vehicles and smart meters. The book has the dual aim of improving the academic understanding of sociotechnical transitions and energy demand and providing practical recommendations for public policy. Combining an impressive range of contributions from key thinkers in the field, this book will be of great interest to energy students, scholars and decision-makers.
    Keywords: Global temperature ; reducing ; energy ; United Kingdom ; Sociotechnical transitions ; Low carbon innovation ; impact ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment
    Language: English
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    Renewable Energy Resource Assessment and Forecasting (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: In recent years, several projects and studies have been launched towards the development and use of new methodologies, in order to assess, monitor, and support clean forms of energy. Accurate estimation of the available energy potential is of primary importance, but is not always easy to achieve. The present Special Issue on ‘Renewable Energy Resource Assessment and Forecasting’ aims to provide a holistic approach to the above issues, by presenting multidisciplinary methodologies and tools that are able to support research projects and meet today’s technical, socio-economic, and decision-making needs. In particular, research papers, reviews, and case studies on the following subjects are presented: wind, wave and solar energy; biofuels; resource assessment of combined renewable energy forms; numerical models for renewable energy forecasting; integrated forecasted systems; energy for buildings; sustainable development; resource analysis tools and statistical models; extreme value analysis and forecasting for renewable energy resources.
    Keywords: short-term forecasts ; direct normal irradiance ; concentrating solar power ; system advisor model ; operational strategies ; central solar receiver ; solar irradiance forecasts ; numerical weather prediction model ; different horizontal resolution ; forecast errors ; validation ; ramp rates ; renewable energy forecasting ; solar radiation ; shark algorithm ; particle swarm optimization ; ANFIS ; nowcasting ; Kalman-Bayesian filter ; WRF ; high-resolution ; complex terrain ; wind ; solar irradiation ; photovoltaic solar energy ; deep learning ; prediction ; biofuel ; risk analysis ; sustainable development ; renewable energy ; biomass ; biotechnology ; anthropogenic waste processing ; energy resource assessment ; tidal-stream energy ; thrust force coefficient ; momentum sink ; unbounded flow ; open channel flows ; shock-capturing capability ; global horizontal irradiance (GHI) ; forecasting ; clearness coefficient ; Markov chains ; weather research and forecasting model ; solar resource ; heat supply of industrial processes ; solar collectors ; economic efficiency ; cross border trading ; Granger causality ; electricity trading ; spot prices ; deformable models ; electric energy demand ; functional statistics ; Kalman filtering ; shape-invariant model ; developing countries ; concentrated solar ; thermochemical ; energy ; renewable energy sources ; climate policy ; forecast ; the European Green Deal ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    Application of Renewable Energy in Production and Supply Chain Management (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The use of the energy and its resources have changed dramatically in last few decades. The increasing use of technology and electrification increases the demand for energy, with impacts natural energy resources. At present, industries are trying to reduce the direct use of traditional energy by utilizing renewable energy as an alternative energy resource. Recent studies have attempted to optimize consumed energies for entire systems by using alternative energies. These alternatives are different kinds of renewable energies which provide numerous new possibilities to survive without using non-renewable energies. The production industry is moving toward smart production using the technology of the fourth industrial revolution. In this book, energy consumption for production and supply chain management are explained through presentation of some the latest major research advances. These studies collectively contribute new ideas and strategies in enriching the literature.
    Keywords: energy ; multi-item smart production ; system reliability ; failure rate ; variable development cost ; sustainable electrical energy supply chain ; inventory ; price-dependent demand ; transmission and distribution costs ; carbon-emission ; renewable energy ; smart production system ; random breakdown ; safety stock ; controllable production rate ; healthcare supply chain management ; platelets ; perishability factor ; location-allocation ; sustainable manufacturing system ; multi-item production ; variable holding cost ; inflation ; control theory ; stochastic production capacity ; unreliable production system ; random failure and repair rates ; electrical energy consumption ; supply chain management ; imperfect production ; distribution free approach ; service level constraint ; transportation discount ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Combating Malnutrition through Sustainable Approaches (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-05
    Description: Malnutrition is the specific condition produced by the intake of too few macronutrients, too many macronutrients (obesity), or inordinate amounts of inappropriate substances such as alcohol. Globally, malnutrition is a major nutritional disorder, especially in developing economies. Poor dietary habits and imbalanced nutrient intake result in adverse consequences on normal body functionality. This book highlights the major causes of malnutrition and how to overcome this problem. Chapters address such topics as energy metabolism and balance, diagnosis of malnutrition, negative effects of malnutrition, sugar and its impact on health, malnutrition in the elderly and children, and much more.
    Keywords: public health ; undernutrition ; cancer ; inflammation ; energy ; metabolism ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health & preventive medicine::MBNH Personal & public health::MBNH3 Dietetics & nutrition
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    Novel Membrane Technologies for Traditional Industrial Processes (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Through reading this book, you will obtain information on: (1) the main problems in air separation and natural gas treatment by membrane separation and how to solve them; (2) processes involving membranes and new membrane materials for the more economical utilization of bio-resources; (3) energy selection and membrane development for more expedient and stable harnessing of the natural osmosis phenomenon; (4) many excellent contributions about catalytic membrane bioreactors; (5) how to fine-tune the arrangement of aquaporins (i.e., proteins identified in biological cells) to achieve superior water treatment efficiency.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; n/a ; membrane ; draw solutes ; regeneration ; steam explosion ; wastewater treatment ; lignin ; hydrogen ; supported ionic liquid membranes ; chlorine resistance ; photocatalytic membrane ; thin-film composite ; photocatalytic membrane reactors ; single-sites ; pore modification ; polyimide ; separation ; dynamic membrane filtration ; microalgae ; structural stability ; energy ; fine chemistry ; pre-reforming ; costs ; fractionation ; carbon dioxide ; glucose ; alkanes ; immobilization ; biomimetic ; aquaporins ; nanofiltration ; interfacial polymerization ; cell disruption ; gas separation ; steam reforming ; plasticization ; xylose ; forward osmosis ; zeolite membrane ; membrane separation ; dopamine ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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    Latest Advances in Preservation Technology for Fresh Fruit and Vegetables (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: Fresh fruit and vegetables are considered as essential components of a healthy human diet, due to their pleasant taste and rich nutrients. However, fruits and vegetables are characterized by production seasonality, regionality, and perishability, which greatly affect the acceptance of consumers and increase the challenges of their post-harvest storage and preservation. A plurality of preservation technologies, including chemical treatment (calcium chloride, 1-methylcyclopropene, salicylic acid, etc.), physical methods (low-temperature conditioning, controlled atmosphere storage, ultraviolet-C irradiation, etc.), and biotechnology (such as genetic engineering technology) have been applied to maintain storage quality and to extend the storage life of fresh fruit and vegetables in recent years. Developing advanced preservation techniques to prolong the storage life of fruit and vegetables is of importance for improving social and economic benefits. Therefore, we invited authors to contribute original research articles and review articles focused on the innovative preservation technology of fresh produce, addressing storage problems, such as post-harvest quality deterioration caused by senescence, physiological disorders, and disease, to extend the shelf-life of fresh produce and reduce post-harvest loss.
    Keywords: tomato ; bacteriocin ; soft rot ; biocontrol ; vegetable preservation ; loquat fruit ; calcium chloride ; chilling injury ; reactive oxygen species ; ascorbate–glutathione cycle ; chive ; senescence ; quality ; antioxidant capacity ; amino acids ; organosulfur compounds ; peptide PAF56 ; citrus fruit ; changes cell structure ; spores ; membrane permeability ; acetic acid ; decontamination ; lactic acid ; pitaya fruit ; p-Anisaldehyde ; reactive oxygen species (ROS) ; AsA-GSH cycle ; antioxidant activity ; ripening ; enzymatic activities ; anthracnose ; shelf-life ; cold shock ; MAP ; cucumber ; storage ; VOCs ; photodynamic inactivation (PDI) ; antimicrobial ; biofilm ; fresh-cut pakchoi ; preservation ; hydrogen sulfide ; antioxidant enzyme ; energy ; proline ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    Microgrids/Nanogrids Implementation, Planning, and Operation (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: Today’s power system is facing the challenges of increasing global demand for electricity, high-reliability requirements, the need for clean energy and environmental protection, and planning restrictions. To move towards a green and smart electric power system, centralized generation facilities are being transformed into smaller and more distributed ones. As a result, the microgrid concept is emerging, where a microgrid can operate as a single controllable system and can be viewed as a group of distributed energy loads and resources, which can include many renewable energy sources and energy storage systems. The energy management of a large number of distributed energy resources is required for the reliable operation of the microgrid. Microgrids and nanogrids can allow for better integration of distributed energy storage capacity and renewable energy sources into the power grid, therefore increasing its efficiency and resilience to natural and technical disruptive events. Microgrid networking with optimal energy management will lead to a sort of smart grid with numerous benefits such as reduced cost and enhanced reliability and resiliency. They include small-scale renewable energy harvesters and fixed energy storage units typically installed in commercial and residential buildings. In this challenging context, the objective of this book is to address and disseminate state-of-the-art research and development results on the implementation, planning, and operation of microgrids/nanogrids, where energy management is one of the core issues.
    Keywords: energy demand ; long-term forecasting ; machine learning ; R programming ; solar power generation ; support vector regression ; economic energy ; Bonobo Optimizer ; hybrid renewable energy system ; microgrid ; PV panels ; wind turbine ; energy storage ; hierarchical control ; primary ; secondary control ; droop control ; frequency restoration ; voltage restoration ; grid synchronization ; proportional resonant controller ; robust control ; distributed generation, microgrid ; LMI ; optimization ; lightning attachment procedure optimization (LAPO) algorithm ; photovoltaic panel ; uncertainty ; cooperation ; energy ; reliability ; Monte Carlo ; smart energy control ; grid-synchronization ; dynamic voltage restorer ; converter control system ; sliding mode control ; economic scheduling ; clean energy ; quantum mayfly algorithm (QMA) ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    Aero/Hydrodynamics and Symmetry (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book presents collective works published in the recent Special Issue (SI) entitled "Aero/Hydrodynamics and Symmetry". These works address the existence of symmetry and its breakdown in aero-/hydro-dynamics and their related applications. The presented problems are complex nonlinear, non-Newtonian fluid flow problems that are (in some cases) coupled with heat transfer, phase change, nanofluidic, and magnetohydrodynamics phenomena. The applications vary and range from polymer chain transfer in micro-channel to the evaluation of vertical axis wind turbines, as well as autonomous underwater hovering vehicles. Recent advances in numerical, theoretical, and experimental methodologies, as well as finding new physics, new methodological developments, and their limitations are presented within the scope of the current book. Among others, in the presented works, special attention is paid to validation and improving the accuracy of the presented methodologies. This book brings together a collection of inter-/multi-disciplinary works applied to many engineering applications in a coherent manner.
    Keywords: Savonius vertical axis wind turbine ; horizontal overlap ratio ; vertical overlap ratio ; torque coefficient ; power coefficient ; Advection–diffusion ; fractional derivative ; concentrated source ; integral transform ; Burgers’ fluid ; velocity field ; shear stress ; Laplace transform ; modified Bessel function ; Stehfest’s algorithm ; MATHCAD ; electroosmotic flow ; power law fluid ; nanoparticles ; MHD ; entropy generation ; convergence analysis ; residual error ; autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) ; airborne-launched AUV ; autonomous underwater hovering vehicle (AUH) ; water entry impact force ; computational fluid dynamics (CFD) ; two-phase flow ; Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) ; Autonomous Underwater Hovering Vehicle (AUH) ; hydrodynamic interaction ; response amplitude operator (RAO) ; wave effects ; symmetric flying wing ; plasma flow control ; energy ; stall ; dimensionless frequency ; particle image velocimetry ; SA–NaAlg fluid ; porosity ; fractional model ; Atangana–Baleanu derivative ; large eddy simulation ; subgrid scale model ; diffuser ; dynamic one equation model ; Vreman model ; separation ; heat conduction ; non-fourier ; solution structure theorems ; superposition approach ; Buongiorno model ; unsteady flow ; nanoliquid ; special third-grade liquid ; non-linear thermal radiation ; magneto hydro-dynamics (MHD) ; dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) ; Hartmann number (Ha-value) ; harmony bond coefficient or spring constant (K) ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Assessment of Energy–Environment–Economy Interrelations (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Energy consumption and economic growth have been of great interest to researchers and policy-makers. Knowing the actual causal relationship between energy and the economy with respect to environmental degradation has important implications for modeling environmental and growth policies. The eleven chapters included herein aim to help researchers, academicians, and especially decision-makers to understand relevant issues and adopt appropriate methods to tackle and solve relevant environmental problems. Various methods from different disciplines are proposed and applied to various environmental and energy issues.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; expected utility maximization ; decoupling theory ; urban utility tunnel ; sensitivity analysis ; environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) ; economic systems ; structural decomposition analysis ; thermodynamic cycles ; sustainable wind energy management ; environmental engineering ; energy commodities ; hedging strategies ; energy consumption ; industrialization ; energy ; waste ; Analytic Hierarchy Process ; panel data ; rank reversal ; economy ; industrial CO2 emission ; sustainability ; sustainable development ; energy-related carbon emissions ; Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis ; Shapley value ; Kaya identity ; circular economy ; minimum-variance hedge ratio ; MESSAGE model ; fixed assets investment ; life cycle cost ; Analytic Network Process ; environmental efficiency ; Pakistan ; data envelopment analysis ; embodied energy ; carbon emissions ; district distributed power plants ; economic benefit evaluation ; differential GMM estimation ; linearization ; effectiveness ; dynamic hybrid input–output model ; environment quality cointegration ; cost allocation ; risk aversion ; environment ; 3E ; financial development ; LMDI approach ; differential games ; energy recovery ; resource dependence theory ; open-loop control systems ; Tapio decoupling model ; uncertain dynamic systems ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Energy Performance and Indoor Climate Analysis in Buildings (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: HVAC systems, load shifting, indoor climate, and energy and ventilation performance analyses are the key topics when improving energy performance in new and renovated buildings. This development has been boosted by the recently established nearly zero energy building requirements that will soon be in use in all EU Member States, as well as similar long-term zero energy building targets in Japan, the US, and other countries. The research covered in this Special Issue provides evidence of how new technical solutions have worked, in practice, in new or renovated buildings, and also discusses problems and how solutions should be further developed. Another focus is on the more detailed calculation methods needed for the correct design and sizing of dedicated systems, and for accurate quantification of energy savings. Occupant behavior and building operation is also examined, in order to avoid common performance gaps between calculated and measured performance. These topics demonstrate the challenge of high performance buildings as, in the end, comfortable buildings with good indoor climate which are easy and cheap to operate and maintain are expected by end customers. Ventilation performance, heating and cooling, sizing, energy predictions and optimization, load shifting, and field studies are some of the key topics in this Special Issue, contributing to the future of high performance buildings with reliable operation.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; indoor air quality ; stratification ; chiller plants ; alternate operation ; displacement ventilation ; draught rate ; building ; indoor temperature after renovation ; DHW heating ; daylight factor ; energy ; energy performance modeling ; hybrid displacement device ; building energy modelling ; energy performance of buildings directive ; condenser evaporative precooling ; DHW energy use ; heating mode ; ground source heat pump ; personalized ventilation ; daylight ; existing buildings ; optimal energy management ; cooling ; mixing ventilation ; daylight survey ; user behavior ; local air change effectiveness ; basketball hall ; CFD ; sizing ; electricity use ; control strategy ; HVAC systems ; ventilation ; occupant behavior ; smart readiness indicator ; energy signature ; standard use ; building energy simulation ; outdoor air ; monitoring measurements ; COP ; qualitative control ; wind pressure ; decentralized ventilation unit ; field measurement ; thermal comfort ; student dormitories ; data-driven analysis ; energy performance ; daylight simulations ; air jet ; ISO 52016-1 ; multiple sensor nodes ; downdraught ; energy efficiency ; building pressure condition ; meteorological reanalysis data ; ISO 7730 ; thermal analysis ; Monte Carlo method ; corner impinging jet ; greenhouse ; Pro-GET-onE H2020 ; in situ measurements ; smart buildings ; skin temperature ; retirement home ; demand side management ; indoor climate ; user input data ; Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) ; ventilation renovation ; tracer gas ; gray box ; Jaya algorithm ; single room ventilation unit ; satellite-based solar radiation data ; chiller performance ; rooftop air conditioners ; smart grid ; TRNSYS ; stack effect ; space heating ; energy flexibility ; corner mixing ventilation ; load shifting ; heating power ; air exchange effectiveness ; indoor temperature uniformity ; demand response ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    The Built Environment in a Changing Climate (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: The papers included in this Special Issue tackle multiple aspects of how cities, districts, and buildings could evolve along with climate change and how this would impact our way of conceiving and applying design criteria, policies, and urban plans. Despite the multidisciplinary nature of the collection, some transversal take-home messages emerge: • Today’s energy-efficient paradigms may lose their virtuosity in the future unless accurate estimates of future scenarios are used to design modelling platforms and to inform legislative frameworks; • Acting at the local scale is key. Future climate change adaptation will be implemented at the local level. Overlooking regional and local specificities will contribute to inaccurate and inefficient action plans. As such, the smaller scale will become vital in predicting future urban metabolic rates and corresponding comfort-driven strategies; • Energy poverty, heat vulnerability, and social injustice are emerging as critical factors for planning and acting for future-proof cities on par of micro- and meso-climatological factors; • Given that the impacts of climate change will persist for many years, adaptation to this phenomenon should be prioritized by removing any prominent barrier and by enabling combinations of different mitigation technologies. These topics will receive a global reach in few decades, since also developing and underdeveloped countries are starting their fight against local climate change, with cities at the forefront.
    Keywords: outdoor space ; thermal environment ; radiation environment ; wind environment ; heat-related mortality ; built environment ; urban resilience ; extreme heat ; climate change ; urban heat island ; heat stress from outside ; indoor environments ; tropics ; multi-level office buildings ; coastal cities ; Mediterranean climate ; urban heat island intensity ; sample year ; climate change adaptation ; barriers ; focus group discussion ; Tehran ; structural equation modeling ; urban management ; near-zero energy buildings ; future scenarios ; energy efficiency ; adaptive comfort ; long-term performance ; urban heat ; Australia ; UHI effect ; mitigation ; bushfire smoke ; indoor air quality ; filtration ; building envelope ; energy ; future weather data ; building energy performance ; thermal comfort ; statistical downscaling of climate models ; dynamical downscaling of climate models ; urban modelling ; cities ; buildings ; decarbonization ; urbanisation ; climate ; densification ; population ; temperature ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    Sustainable Shared Mobility: Current Status and Future Prospects (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint is a comprehensive compilation of research on new urban mobility. It contains proprietary, current studies on shared mobility, such as car sharing or scooter sharing in relation to commercial use as part of short-term rental systems or for use by postal services. In addition, it broadly refers to the subject of bicycles and bike-sharing systems. It includes research on professional e-bikes with parameters such as velocity, cadence and power data as well as research on measuring the intensity of bicycle traffic, which can be used to evaluate and improve bike-sharing systems. The reprint provides a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers who are interested in the challenges and opportunities associated with the development of new mobility solutions.
    Keywords: power ; velocity ; cadence ; electric bike ; bicycle computer ; car-sharing ; carsharing ; shared mobility ; multi-criteria decision analysis ; ELECTRE III ; MCDA ; decision making in transport ; transportation engineering ; hydrogen mobility ; zero emission ; green energy ; e-micromobility ; e-scooters ; electric vehicles ; PROSA GDSS ; multi-criteria decision aid ; MCDM ; compromise solution ; micro-mobility ; e-scooter ; postal service ; Poisson regression ; optimization ; energy ; cost ; environment ; bicycle traffic measurement ; vehicle counter ; induction loop ; video recording ; perpendicular radar ; microwave radar ; energy management ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    Innovations and Perspectives of Industrial and Bioenergy Crops for Bioeconomy Development (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: The production of industrial and bioenergy crops has been the subject of scientific research for many years; however, the implementation of previously proposed solutions for commercial production is still at an early stage. It should be emphasized that when developing the production of industrial and bioenergy crops on agricultural lands, it is important to avoid land-use competition with the production of food and feed. It is well justified, for initiating the sustainable production of industrial and bioenergy crops, to promote efficient species for growing on marginal lands, which are unsuitable or less suitable for food or feed production. Another important point is that industrial and bioenergy crops should include nonfood and nonfeed crops and generate agricultural products categorized as commodities and/or raw materials for industrial goods and bioenergy. These industrial and bioenergy crops can become an important source of biomass. Of course, the concept of their cultivation for nonfood (and/or nonfeed) uses is not new but, despite considerable investment in research and development, little progress has been made with regard to the introduction of such crops and their products into the market. Therefore, the papers focus on innovations and perspectives regarding sustainable industrial and bioenergy crops production, logistic chains, biomass quality, utilization and cascade biomass use for bioeconomy, socio-economic and energy analyses, etc.
    Keywords: harvesting ; work productivity ; supply chain ; harvesting efficiency ; Salix ; genoype × site interaction ; survivability ; biometric features ; plant height ; fresh biomass yield ; dry biomass yield ; Miscanthus ; nitrogen fertilization ; rhizomes ; stem ; leaves ; consumer choices ; eucalyptus ; firewood ; Italy ; multilevel logistic regression model ; willingness to consume ; tobacco biomass ; energy yield ; higher heating value ; biogas potential ; Nicotiana tabacum ; energy crops ; planting density ; calorific value ; SRC ; hulled wheat species ; energy ; life cycle assessment ; Tenebrio molitor ; edible insects ; larval development ; feed conversion ratio ; agricultural and industrial residues ; lignocellulosic biomass ; bioconversion ; agroforestry ; biodiversity ; bioeconomy ; biomass supply ; circular economy ; organic farming ; perennial crops ; quarry ; syntropy ; vegetation restoration ; willow ; varieties ; yield ; marginal soil ; biological diversity ; marginal land ; cup plant ; perennial energy crop ; energy expenses ; biogas ; biomass yield ; willow SRC ; energy plants ; ground beetles ; Carabidae ; ecosystem services ; invertebrate biodiversity ; willow-leaf sunflower ; Jerusalem artichoke ; supercritical extraction ; water as co-solvent ; antimicrobial activity ; biocidal effect ; bioenergy crop ; groundwater ; growth ; invasive potential ; reproductive potential ; Silphium perfoliatum ; soil moisture ; water table distance ; energy biomass ; yields ; invasive behavior ; economics ; common osier ; fertilization ; dry matter yield ; soil chemical parameters ; soil bulk density ; water-stable aggregates ; soil microbial carbon ; willow browse ; soluble carbohydrates ; browsing damage ; cervids ; gas chromatography ; aboveground ; belowground part of Miscanthus × giganteus ; ash ; potassium ; calcium ; sulphur content ; uptake ; bioproduction ; CAP payments ; sustainable agriculture ; Poland ; unutilized agricultural areas (uUAA) ; abandoned areas ; land use and land-use change ; carbon sequestration ; soil properties (physical and chemical) ; polyphenols ; supercritical CO2 extraction ; perennial industrial crops ; antioxidant activity ; silvergrass ; willowleaf sunflower ; prairie cordgrass ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    Prospects and Challenges of Bioeconomy Sustainability Assessment (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: The bioeconomy—using renewable bio-resources from the soil and sea to produce food, materials and energy—supports the achievement of sustainable development goals. Its scope is very broad as it involves primary production sectors (agriculture) and sectors that use these resources (manufacture of food, beverages and tobacco). This Special Issue, “Prospects and Challenges of Bioeconomy Sustainability Assessment”, includes an Editorial, thirteen articles, ten reviews and one perspective with international authors. All papers are highly innovative and support the goals of a sustainable world.
    Keywords: AHP ; bioeconomy ; biomethane ; energy community ; Italy ; point scale ; stakeholders’ engagement ; sustainability ; agrarian extractivism ; cheap food ; food regime ; Latin America ; social-ecological transformation ; soy ; environmental awareness ; behavior change ; SWOT analysis ; qualitative analysis ; education for sustainable development ; green movement ; environmentalism ; environmental science ; environmental education ; communication ; stakeholders ; reporting ; bibliometric review ; sustainability reporting ; sustainability performance ; indicators ; multi-criteria decision analysis ; policy implications ; Sustainable Development Goals ; carbon capture and storage ; aqueous bases ; reactor design ; chemical absorption ; FTIR ; absorption capacity ; in-line measurements ; 3D-printed reactors ; digital innovation hub ; value proposition canvas ; ecosystem sustainability ; digital transformation ; model-based design ; cyber-physical system ; collaboration platform ; microbial bioremediation ; cost of bioremediation ; bioremediation industry ; COD solubilization ; chemo sonic pretreatment ; biohydrogen ; specific energy ; biomass ; biotechnology ; agro-ecology ; territorial development ; cluster analysis ; bioplastic ; lactic acid ; PLA ; poly(lactic acid) ; cellulose ; lignocellulose ; cow manure ; circular economy ; bioeconomy education ; bioeconomy learning ; higher education ; vocational education and training ; n/a ; interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets ; distance measure ; closeness coefficient ; barriers ; MADA ; biofuel sector ; sustainable agriculture ; multi-criteria decision making ; TOPSIS ; social LCA ; life-cycle costing ; bioenergy ; biorefinery ; industry 4.0 ; agri-food supply chain ; agri-food 4.0 supply chain ; agri-food 4.0 ; supply chain 4.0 ; food waste management ; water management ; agriculture 4.0 ; LAC region ; bibliometric analysis ; biofuels ; R software ; sustainable supply chain management ; sustainable development ; social responsibility ; environmental issues ; water quality ; pollutant ; surface water ; monitoring ; Pakistan ; drinking water ; 2030 Agenda ; natural resources ; participation ; microorganisms ; energy ; biocatalysis ; biotransformation ; industrial applications ; circular bioeconomy ; greenhouse gas ; biomass production ; second-generation bio-fuels ; environment ; climate change ; pigs ; soya bean ; grass ; protein ; biogas ; lignin ; straw ; heating ; NaOH ; pretreatment ; sustainalist ; sustainable revolution ; SDG ; quality of life ; sustainalism ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCM Development economics and emerging economies
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    Smart Monitoring and Control in the Future Internet of Things (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The Internet of Things (IoT) and related technologies have the promise of realizing pervasive and smart applications which, in turn, have the potential of improving the quality of life of people living in a connected world. According to the IoT vision, all things can cooperate amongst themselves and be managed from anywhere via the Internet, allowing tight integration between the physical and cyber worlds and thus improving efficiency, promoting usability, and opening up new application opportunities. Nowadays, IoT technologies have successfully been exploited in several domains, providing both social and economic benefits. The realization of the full potential of the next generation of the Internet of Things still needs further research efforts concerning, for instance, the identification of new architectures, methodologies, and infrastructures dealing with distributed and decentralized IoT systems; the integration of IoT with cognitive and social capabilities; the enhancement of the sensing–analysis–control cycle; the integration of consciousness and awareness in IoT environments; and the design of new algorithms and techniques for managing IoT big data. This Special Issue is devoted to advancements in technologies, methodologies, and applications for IoT, together with emerging standards and research topics which would lead to realization of the future Internet of Things.
    Keywords: atmospheric ; on-line monitoring ; LoRa ; embedded system ; smart environments ; Internet of Things ; indoor occupancy ; machine learning ; data analysis ; landslide susceptibility ; China-Nepal Highway ; LSTM ; remote sensing images ; IoT ; network traffic ; monitoring ; DDoS ; packet classification ; indoor localization ; channel state information ; device-free passive ; WiFi fingerprint ; naive Bayes classification ; feature fusion ; posture recognition ; indoor positioning ; wireless body area network ; Kalman filtering ; multi-sensor combination ; prognostic and health management ; integrative framework ; internet of things ; convolutional neural network ; conditioned-based maintenance ; IoT platform ; intelligent monitoring robot ; active CCTV ; learning model ; electrical devices ; classification ; energy management ; smart environment ; architecture ; blockchain ; communication constraints ; decentralized application ; Ethereum ; Internet of things ; sensing and control ; computational efficiency ; robotic manipulators ; hysteresis ; adaptive control ; wireless sensor network (WSN) ; energy ; ant colony optimization (ACO) ; routing algorithm ; quantum-inspired evolutionary algorithms ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Latest Advances in Preservation Technology for Fresh Fruit and Vegetables (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Fresh fruit and vegetables are considered as essential components of a healthy human diet, due to their pleasant taste and rich nutrients. However, fruits and vegetables are characterized by production seasonality, regionality, and perishability, which greatly affect the acceptance of consumers and increase the challenges of their post-harvest storage and preservation. A plurality of preservation technologies, including chemical treatment (calcium chloride, 1-methylcyclopropene, salicylic acid, etc.), physical methods (low-temperature conditioning, controlled atmosphere storage, ultraviolet-C irradiation, etc.), and biotechnology (such as genetic engineering technology) have been applied to maintain storage quality and to extend the storage life of fresh fruit and vegetables in recent years. Developing advanced preservation techniques to prolong the storage life of fruit and vegetables is of importance for improving social and economic benefits. Therefore, we invited authors to contribute original research articles and review articles focused on the innovative preservation technology of fresh produce, addressing storage problems, such as post-harvest quality deterioration caused by senescence, physiological disorders, and disease, to extend the shelf-life of fresh produce and reduce post-harvest loss.
    Keywords: tomato ; bacteriocin ; soft rot ; biocontrol ; vegetable preservation ; loquat fruit ; calcium chloride ; chilling injury ; reactive oxygen species ; ascorbate–glutathione cycle ; chive ; senescence ; quality ; antioxidant capacity ; amino acids ; organosulfur compounds ; peptide PAF56 ; citrus fruit ; changes cell structure ; spores ; membrane permeability ; acetic acid ; decontamination ; lactic acid ; pitaya fruit ; p-Anisaldehyde ; reactive oxygen species (ROS) ; AsA-GSH cycle ; antioxidant activity ; ripening ; enzymatic activities ; anthracnose ; shelf-life ; cold shock ; MAP ; cucumber ; storage ; VOCs ; photodynamic inactivation (PDI) ; antimicrobial ; biofilm ; fresh-cut pakchoi ; preservation ; hydrogen sulfide ; antioxidant enzyme ; energy ; proline ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
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    Mathematics and Engineering (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book is a compilation of works covering applied mathematical methods and their applications in complex engineering problems. The methods covered in this book include modeling and simulation, computation, analysis, control, optimization, data science, and machine learning. The engineering application topics include but are not limited to environmental engineering, cybersecurity, transportation, agriculture, smart grid, and next-generation manufacturing.
    Keywords: Phoronomics ; mechanics ; kinetics ; kinematics ; direction cosines ; Euler angles ; space dynamics ; digital computation ; control systems ; control engineering ; industrial cyber-physical systems ; cyber-attacks ; neural network ; model predictive control ; nonlinear chemical processes ; network classification ; network evolution ; network symmetries ; Green’s symmetry problem ; network invariants ; network internal dynamics ; symmetry ensembles ; propensities ; energy ; opening capability ; security ; smart grid ; group signature ; anonymous signature ; autonomous vehicle ; target detection ; multi-sensors ; fusion ; YOLO ; linear response eigenvalue problem ; block methods ; weighted Golub-Kahan-Lanczos algorithm ; convergence analysis ; thick restart ; mining vibrating screen ; theoretical rigid body model ; spring failures diagnosis ; amplitudes change ; real-time optimization ; nonlinear processes ; process control ; chemical reactor control ; distillation column control ; energy-based control ; payload swing attenuation ; linear matrix inequalities ; quadrotor ; larger Lipschitz constants ; comparative advantage ; transaction cost ; specialized production ; infra-marginal model ; agricultural division of labor ; velocity-slip ; temperature-jump ; homotopy analysis method ; nanofluids ; power-law fluids ; state estimation ; parameter estimation ; moving horizon estimation ; extended kalman filter ; ensemble kalman filter ; richards equation ; agro-hydrological systems ; economic model predictive control ; chemical processes ; responsive control ; artificial intelligence ; interpretability ; controller verification ; seashore soft soil ; cement ; sulfuric acid erosion ; stress–strain behavior ; mathematical model ; Micro Grid ; optimization theory ; optimization ; MATLAB simulation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Clinical Nutrition: Recent Advances and Remaining Challenges (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-25
    Description: Nutrition, often along with physical activity, is by now acknowledged as a cornerstone in the prevention and even more so the treatment of many diseases. Indeed, food and nutritional intake nowadays are often thought to be the main source of wellbeing sometimes over- but also underestimating the impact of nutritional intake, dietary pattern and food-derived natural compounds in their impact on human health. In this Special Issue entitled `Clinical Nutrition: Recent Advances and Remaining Challenges´ a broad overview and summary on recent findings in various fields of clinical nutrition with special focus on chronic and degenerative diseases like metabolic diseases, cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, sarcopenia but also malnutrition in elderly, infants and children is provided. Nutrition, often along with physical activity, is by now acknowledged as a cornerstone in the prevention and even more so the treatment of many diseases. Indeed, food and nutritional intake nowadays are often thought to be the main source of wellbeing sometimes over- but also underestimating the impact of nutritional intake, dietary pattern and food-derived natural compounds in their impact on human health. In this Special Issue entitled `Clinical Nutrition: Recent Advances and Remaining Challenges´ a broad overview and summary on recent findings in various fields of clinical nutrition with special focus on chronic and degenerative diseases like metabolic diseases, cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, sarcopenia but also malnutrition in elderly, infants and children is provided.
    Keywords: malnutrition ; cirrhosis ; nutritional screening ; nutritional assessment ; gut–liver axis ; macronutrients ; micronutrients ; dysbiosis ; diet ; enteral nutrition ; inflammatory bowel disease ; nutrition ; nutritional therapy ; prevention ; artificial nutrition ; nasogastric feeding ; nasogastric tube ; palliative care ; calcium oxalate stone formation ; dietary assessment ; fatty acids ; fluid ; oxalate ; protein ; sodium ; uric acid ; water ; insulin ; lifestyle ; non-alcoholic ; steatohepatitis ; fibrosis ; metabolic syndrome ; weight loss ; time-restricted feeding ; intermittent fasting ; low-carb diet ; liver disease ; Brugada syndrome ; long QT syndrome ; ingredients ; glucose ; ketone bodies ; ROS ; sudden cardiac death ; bariatric surgery ; cardiovascular disease ; endovascular bariatric surgery ; obesity ; oral nutritional supplements ; perioperative nutrition ; sarcopenia ; gastrointestinal surgery ; behaviour ; nutrition supplements ; type 2 diabetes ; ageing ; inflammaging ; anorexia of aging ; DoMAP ; GLIM criteria ; cholestasis ; chronic liver diseases ; nutritional needs ; pediatrics ; medical nutrition therapy ; critical care ; parenteral nutrition ; energy ; review ; Crohn’s disease ; gut microenvironment ; celiac disease ; gluten ; gluten-free diet ; prostate ; metabolism ; benign prostatic hyperplasia ; erectile dysfunction ; dietary recommendation ; overweight ; carbohydrate ; fat ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies::JFCV Food & society
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    The 8th International Conference on Time Series and Forecasting (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: The aim of ITISE 2022 is to create a friendly environment that could lead to the establishment or strengthening of scientific collaborations and exchanges among attendees. Therefore, ITISE 2022 is soliciting high-quality original research papers (including significant works-in-progress) on any aspect time series analysis and forecasting, in order to motivating the generation and use of new knowledge, computational techniques and methods on forecasting in a wide range of fields.
    Keywords: readmission prediction ; intensive care unit (ICU) ; recurrent neural network (RNN) ; longshort-term memory (LSTM) ; machine learning (ML) ; time series analysis ; health forecasting ; spectrum ; utilization ; prediction ; time-series ; clustering ; K-Means ; LSTM ; CNN ; outlier detection ; outlier detection in time series ; time series clustering ; time series cluster evaluation ; time series ; anomaly detection ; predictive maintenance ; model evaluation ; error diagnosis ; convolutional neural network ; all sky images ; cloud-base height ; machinelearning ; : financial market volatility ; VAR-DCC-GARCH ; wavelet-based random forest ; forecasting ; synthetic data ; shareable data ; privacy ; cross-correlation ; DCCA method ; oil derivatives ; energy ; accessibility ; retainability ; Markov chain ; K-mean clustering ; mobile data traffic ; multivariate prediction ; temporal ; spatial ; COVID-19 ; time series forecasting ; NARNN ; ARIMA ; dynamic convergence ; stationarity ; unit root ; ecosystem respiration ; dynamic mode decomposition with control ; time delay embedding ; ordinal patterns ; structural breaks ; non-stationary time series ; hydrological data ; prediction intervals ; seq2seq ; oil production ;  automated machine learning ; machine learning ; time-series forecasting ;  PV systems ; faults ; diagnosis ; signal processing ; time series data ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNT Media, information & communication industries::KNTX Information technology industries ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UY Computer science
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    Environmental Energy Sustainability at Universities (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The use of renewable energies and energy saving and efficiency are needs of global society and universities. Universities have a large responsibility and social impact, as they are an example and engine of social change. Universities, in the European context, must be at the forefront of ESA processes, seeking to be at the same level as, and preferably higher than, the rest of society, seeking a goal of 20% renewable energy for 2020 and, in the longer term, greater energy efficiency based on a diverse use of renewable energy and studying the feasibility of other energy processes (cogeneration, trigeneration, etc.). The application of renewable energies and energy efficiency allow universities to make significant savings in their costs and contribute to sustainable development and the fight against climate change. Actions in pursuit of these goals in addition to the objective of energy saving should promote research and form an example for the university community. This book aims to advance the contribution of energy saving and the use of renewable energies in order to achieve more sustainable universities.
    Keywords: bibliometrics ; community detection ; energy ; law ; sustainability ; smart contracts ; building information modeling (BIM) ; legal aspects ; bibliometric ; clustering ; renewable energy ; wind turbine ; pitch control ; electric generation ; universities ; university environmental impact ; urban planning ; sustainability assessment ; covenant of Mayors ; DC microgrid ; energy management system ; photovoltaic (PV) system ; energy storage system ; constant power load ; power generation control ; benchmark ; campus energy consumption ; heating and cooling degree-days ; energy model ; occupancy rate ; loquat seed ; biomass boiler ; greenhouse gases ; UNAM ; energy saving ; Mexico ; photovoltaic system (PVS) ; zapote seed ; energy consumption ; higher education institution ; energy efficiency indicators ; green campus ; social responsibility ; Spain ; zero-energy buildings ; energy efficiency ; bioclimatic architecture ; sustainable transport ; photovoltaic ; energy saving in laboratories ; energy saving in data processing centres ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Vitamins C and D (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: The global coronavirus pandemic has highlighted the paramount importance of immune health and the nutrient status of peoples worldwide. Vitamins C and D have important roles in both the innate and adaptive immune systems and are known to support healthy immune function. Both vitamins C and D have gene regulatory roles with the ability to up- and down-regulate thousands of genes, thus playing pleotropic roles in human health and disease. People from low- and middle-income countries tend to have inadequate micronutrient intakes and status, as do specific subgroups from high-income countries. This can affect their resistance to both communicable and non-communicable diseases and the severity of these diseases. In this Special Issue, we have compiled review articles and research papers (both observational and interventional studies) that explore the role of vitamins C and D in numerous aspects of global and population health.
    Keywords: immune system ; viral infection ; influenza ; COVID-19 ; micronutrients ; vitamins ; omega-3 fatty acids ; minerals ; vitamin C ; vitamin D ; vitamin C status ; vitamin C deficiency ; global health ; dietary intake ; obesity ; smoking ; communicable disease ; infection ; noncommunicable disease ; hypovitaminosis C ; low and middle income ; LMIC ; supplement ; non-communicable disease ; Vitamin C status ; energy ; well-being ; kiwifruit ; mood ; SARS-CoV-2 ; coronavirus ; ascorbate ; colds ; pneumonia ; sepsis ; immunonutrition ; supplementation ; dietary surveys ; trends ; descriptive studies ; United States ; fruit juice ; fruit ; vegetables ; psychology ; mental health ; nutrition ; healthy adults ; ethnicity ; Māori ; Pasifika ; Pacific ; Asian ; ascorbic acid ; post-viral fatigue ; lack of concentration ; sleep disturbances ; depression ; frailty ; elderly ; hospitalisation ; serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D ; first-generation immigrants ; melanin ; long COVID ; immunisation ; immune support ; body weight ; vitamin C intake ; plasma ascorbate concentrations ; vitamin C requirements ; dietary vitamin C ; hyperglycaemia ; South Africa ; vitamin D receptor ; vitamin D-binding protein ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies::JFCV Food & society
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    Life Cycle Assessment of Energy Systems (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This Special Issue on “LCA of Energy Systems” contains inspiring contributions on assessing the sustainability of novel technologies destined to shape the future of our energy sector. These include battery-based and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, geothermal energy, hydropower, biomass gasification, national electricity systems, and waste incineration. The analysis of trends and singularities will be invaluable to product designers, engineers, and policy makers. Furthermore, these exercises also contribute to refining the life cycle framework and harmonizing methodological decisions. Our hope is that this should be a step toward promoting the use of science and knowledge to shape a better world for everyone.
    Keywords: life cycle assessment ; battery electric vehicle (BEV) ; plug-in electric vehicle ; energy ; greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions ; thermodynamic modeling ; exergy ; e-waste ; secondary copper smelting ; precious metal recovery ; printed circuit board ; coalbed methane development ; risk assessment ; structural entropy weight method ; matter-element extension method ; LCA ; Spain ; renewables ; electricity ; sustainability ; carbon footprint ; employment ; LCOE ; CHP ; biomass ; gasification ; SOFC ; allocation ; multifunctionality ; geothermal energy ; flash technology ; Bagnore power plant ; pedigree matrix ; carbon dioxide capture ; activated carbon ; environmental impacts ; IGCC ; carbon capture economy ; stirling cycle-based heat pump ; gas/oil-fired boilers ; SimaPro ; eco-indicator 99 ; life cycle impact assessment ; distance-to-target weighting ; ecological scarcity ; renewable electricity and heat generation ; decentralized energy system ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    The Great Reconfiguration (2022)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-09
    Description: This book is for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners who want to understand the dynamics and governance of low-carbon transitions. It shows how UK electricity, heat, and mobility systems are being reconfigured and explains the varying speed, depth, and scope of change. Available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
    Keywords: climate change ; low-carbon energy transitions ; sustainability ; energy ; transport ; energy economics ; energy policy ; renewable energy ; environmental studies
    Language: English
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    Kinanthropometry IX (2021)
    Taylor & Francis
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This is an edited collection of peer-reviewed papers presented at the Ninth International Conference of the Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry. Defined as the relationship between human body structure and function, kinanthropometry is an area of growing interest, and these proceedings will be of use to students, academics and professionals in the areas of ergonomics, sports science, nutrition, health, and other allied fields. The assembled works represent the latest research findings across kinanthropometry, moving the discipline forward and promoting good practice and the exchange of expertise.
    Keywords: body ; composition ; endomorphic ; mesomorphs ; fat ; free ; mass ; dual ; energy ; x-ray ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSX Human biology ; thema EDItEUR::S Sports and Active outdoor recreation
    Language: English
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