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  • thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology  (678)
  • T1-995  (341)
  • QC1-999  (100)
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  • MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute  (837)
  • Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer
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  • English  (837)
  • 2020-2024  (837)
  • 2021  (837)
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  • English  (837)
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  • 2020-2024  (837)
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  • 101
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Clean energy and fuel storage are often required for both stationary and automotive applications. Some of these clean energy and fuel storage technologies currently under extensive research and development include hydrogen storage, direct electric storage, mechanical energy storage, solar–thermal energy storage, electrochemical (batteries and supercapacitors), and thermochemical storage. The gravimetric and volumetric storage capacity, energy storage density, power output, operating temperature and pressure, cycle life, recyclability, and cost of clean energy or fuel storage are some of the factors that govern efficient energy and fuel storage technologies for potential deployment in energy harvesting (solar and wind farms) stations and onboard vehicular transportation. This Special Issue thus serves the need for promoting exploratory research and development on clean energy and fuel storage technologies while addressing their challenges to practical and sustainable infrastructures.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; MgH2 ; vertically oriented graphene ; gas loss ; concentrated solar power (CSP) ; complex hydrides ; PCM roof ; hydrogen storage systems ; slag ; bubbles transportation ; dye-sensitized solar cells ; undercooling ; methanogenesis ; electrochemical energy storage ; hydrogen storage ; Fischer–Tropsch ; state of charge estimator ; gas turbine engine ; simplified electrochemical model ; hot summer and cold winter area ; rock permeability ; flutter instability ; charge density ; binder ; salt cavern energy storage ; battery energy storage system ; capacitance ; LiNH2 ; ball milling ; production rate ; leaching tubing ; quality function deployment (QFD) ; nanocatalyst ; lab-scale ; thermal energy storage (TES) ; comprehensive incremental benefit ; lean direct injection ; Li-ion batteries ; separator ; four-point ; salt cavern ; low emissions combustion ; ionic liquid ; carbon materials ; nanocomposite materials ; electrical double layers ; recovery factor ; thermochemical energy storage ; Klinkenberg method ; flow-induced vibration ; cathode ; porous media ; metal hydride ; aquifer size ; diffusion ; auxiliary services compensation ; water invasion ; conjugate phase change heat transfer ; heat transfer enhancement ; failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) ; magnetism ; carbonate gas reservoirs ; equivalent loss of cycle life ; internal and reverse external axial flows ; thermal energy storage ; lithium-ion batteries ; bacterial sulfate reduction ; crystal growth rates ; optimal capacity ; gas storage ; energy discharge ; anode ; Ag nanoparticles ; regenerator ; hydrogen absorption ; freestanding TiO2 nanotube arrays ; material science ; extended kalman filter ; reactive transport modeling ; synthetic rock salt testing ; hydrogen energy storage ; lattice Boltzmann method ; dynamic modeling ; bubbles burst ; Power to Liquid ; large-scale wind farm ; PHREEQC ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 102
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Micro-power domestic organic Rankine cycle (ORC) systems and the selection of the expander and the working fluid are presented, analyzed thoroughly, and numerically evaluated. A promising decentralized hybrid PV-SOFC system is investigated for providing useful energy supply to commercial buildings, capable of power and heat generation at a lower cost. A hybrid solar-combined cycle power plant integrated with a packed-bed thermal energy storage system with a novel recycling configuration enables robust control of collector temperature and net power during times of high solar activity. An automated hybrid (solar and biomass) power plant for thermal energy production for indoor space heating loads coverage is presented. A comprehensive and up-to-date literature review is presented of non-iterative methods for the extraction of the single diode model parameters of photovoltaic modules. A prototype custom built two-speed gearbox with a single stage transmission electric vehicle achieves significant reductions in the overall energy consumption. Two new fuzzy models are presented of high concentrator photovoltaics using the high-accuracy Takagi–Sugeno–Kang approach and the ease of interpreting the Mamdani linguistic rules. Finally, the impact of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) in the primary frequency regulation is studied and the effects of PHEVs in non-interconnected isolated power systems with significant renewable energy source (RES) penetration are demonstrated through simulations of the isolated power system of Cyprus Island.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; concentrated solar power ; artificial neural network ; ad hoc data-driven generation ; simulation ; hybrid system ; multi-vane expander ; scheduled charging ; decentralized system ; transmission ; review ; electric vehicle ; heating and cooling loads ; fuzzy rule-based systems ; energy consumption ; maximum power prediction ; photovoltaic (PV) ; 2-speed ; single-diode model ; explicit ; primary frequency control (PFC) ; gear change ; high concentrator photovoltaic modules ; experimental analysis ; adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system ; CVT ; ORC ; working fluid ; Lambert W function ; analytical ; hybridization ; vehicle-to-grid (V2G) ; thermal energy storage ; biomass-solar combi systems ; five parameters ; numerical analysis ; isolated power system dynamic simulation ; renewable energy systems modeling ; parameters extraction ; solar collectors’ simulation ; photovoltaic ; aggregator ; control ; solid oxide fuel cells ; battery storage ; thermoeconomic modeling ; combined-heat-and-power ; buildings energy performance upgrade ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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  • 103
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: The papers collected in this special issue clearly reflect the modern research trends in materials science. These fields of specific attention are high-Mn TWIP steels, high-Cr heat resistant steels, aluminum alloys, ultrafine grained materials including those developed by severe plastic deformation, and high-entropy alloys. The major portion of the collected papers is focused on the mechanisms of microstructure evolution and the mechanical properties of metallic materials subjected to various thermo-mechanical, deformation or heat treatments. Another large portion of the studies is aimed on the elaboration of alloying design of advanced steels and alloys. The changes in phase content, transformation and particle precipitation and their effect on the properties are also broadly presented in this collection, including the microstructure/property changes caused by irradiation.
    Keywords: T1-995 ; TP155-156 ; n/a ; microstructure ; high-pressure torsion ; electron backscattered diffraction ; grain boundary engineering ; strengthening mechanism ; precipitation ; recrystallization ; bimodal ferrite steel ; transmission electron microscopy (TEM) ; hot compression ; metal–matrix composite ; columnar grain ; shape memory alloy ; hardness ; structural steel plate ; dynamic recovery ; nonmetallic inclusions ; SEM ; Cu-Al-Mn ; ferritic steel ; strain rate ; strengthening ; elastocaloric effect ; Mg–Sm–Zn–Zr ; dynamic recrystallization ; growth rate ; corrosion resistance ; lead-free solder ; high-Mn TWIP steel ; Sn-8.0Sb-3.0Ag ; SDSS ; measuring temperature ; texture ; martensitic steels ; dynamic precipitation ; nanoindentation ; Al-Fe-Si-Zr system ; low-temperature ; orientation relationship ; M23C6 ; PWHT ; grain refinement ; force peak ; aging ; cycle time ; amorphization ; Al metal matrix composites ; aluminum alloys ; in situ tensile testing ; microstructure evolution ; Cu-Cr-Zr ; irradiation ; EBSD ; welded rotor ; ?-phase ; high-entropy alloys ; creep ; martensitic expansion ; super duplex stainless steel ; mechanical properties ; high-Mn steel ; ion irradiation ; austenitic 304 stainless steels ; impact toughness ; cold rolling ; ultrafine-grained microstructure ; press hardening ; mechanical property ; recovery ; annealing ; deformation twinning ; post-weld heat treatment ; rare earth control ; abnormal grain growth ; electron microscopy ; sub-merged arc welding ; M6C ; RAFM steels ; microstructure analysis ; electrical resistivity ; twinning ; Sb solder ; work hardening ; microhardness ; hot stamping ; weld metal ; electrical conductivity ; solder microstructure ; annealing twins ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 104
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Stimuli-responsive polymer systems can be defined as functional materials that show physical or chemical property changes in response to external stimuli such as temperature, radiation, chemical agents, pH, mechanical stress, and electric and magnetic fields. Recent developments in manufacturing techniques have facilitated the production of a wide range of stimuli-responsive polymer systems, such as micro- and nanoscale structures, with potential applications in soft sensors and actuators, smart textiles, soft robots, and artificial muscles. This book brings together the recent progress in manufacturing techniques, with particular emphasis on 3D and 4D printing and applications of stimuli-responsive polymer systems in biomedicine and soft robotics.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; 3D print ; modeling ; hindered phenol ; permeability ; experiments ; interpenetrated polymers ; acrylic rubber ; soft robotic actuators ; silk fibroin ; shape-memory polymer ; biomedical applications ; 4D printing ; stimuli-responsive materials ; relative humidity ; shape memory polymer ; bioink ; climatic chamber ; diffraction gratings ; soft actuator ; FEM ; hydrogen bonding ; self-morphing ; gelatin ; stimuli-responsive polymer ; soft robot ; 3D printing ; properties ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 105
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Engineering mathematics is a branch of applied mathematics where mathematical methods and techniques are implemented for solving problems related to the engineering and industry. It also represents a multidisciplinary approach where theoretical and practical aspects are deeply merged with the aim at obtaining optimized solutions. In line with that, the present Special Issue, 'Engineering Mathematics in Ship Design', is focused, in particular, with the use of this sort of engineering science in the design of ships and vessels. Articles are welcome when applied science or computation science in ship design represent the core of the discussion.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; Lead-Zirconium-Titanium (PZT) ; n/a ; H.O.M.E.R. nozzle ; finite element ; low-speed Diesel engine ; piezoelectric sensor ; AHP method ; environmental management system ; SPH ; state-of-the-art ; marine transport ; single-stepped planing hulls ; optimisation ; finite element method ; computational fluid dynamic ; slamming ; FSI ; roll motion ; harmonic excitation ; external forces ; towing tank tests ; modelling ; roll damping ; ISO 9126 ; selection ; stiffened plate ; numerical model ; damaged sensor ; CFD ; symmetric 2D + T theory ; hydroelasticity ; ISO 14001 ; water entry ; plate ; constitutive model ; turbulence model ; SHIPMOVE ; impact traction ; fixed pitch propeller ; stiffeners ; numerical simulation ; cavitation ; controllable pitch propeller ; ISO 14598 ; MMG Model ; hydrodynamic forces ; balanced scorecard ; finite volume method ; deflection ; constructal design ; fluid-structure interaction ; MCDM method ; marine industry ; ship design ; fracture mechanics ; coanda effect ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 106
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue contains a series of excellent research works on telecommunications and signal processing, selected from the 2018 41st International Conference on Telecommunications and Signal Processing (TSP) which was held on July 4–6, 2018, in Athens, Greece. The conference was organized in cooperation with the IEEE Region 8 (Europe, Middle East, and Africa), IEEE Greece Section, IEEE Czechoslovakia Section, and IEEE Czechoslovakia Section SP/CAS/COM Joint Chapter by seventeen universities from the Czech Republic, Hungary, Turkey, Taiwan, Japan, Slovak Republic, Spain, Bulgaria, France, Slovenia, Croatia, and Poland, for academics, researchers, and developers, and serves as a premier international forum for the annual exchange and promotion of the latest advances in telecommunication technology and signal processing. The aim of the conference is to bring together both novice and experienced scientists, developers, and specialists, to meet new colleagues, collect new ideas, and establish new cooperation between research groups from universities, research centers, and private sectors worldwide. This collection of 10 papers is highly recommended for researchers, and believed to be interesting, inspiring, and motivating for readers in their further research.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; similarity measure ; dynamic time warping ; n/a ; Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) ; multispectral information ; transmission convergence layer ; 3D segmentation ; micrographia ; MATLAB ; neural network ; wireless communication ; identification ; interference alignment ; Parkinson’s disease dysgraphia ; NG-PON2 ; timing ; GPON ; semantic segmentation ; fractional-order filters ; maximum likelihood criterion ; kinematic analysis ; multitemporal data ; fractional calculus ; multi-hop relay network ; u-net ; interference leakage ; Richardson iteration ; activation process ; acoustic analysis ; follow-up study ; fractional-order derivative ; electrocardiogram (ECG) ; deep learning ; security ; modulo M quasi-stationary ; cognitive radio ; low-pass filters ; time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter (TIADC) ; sample-and-hold (S/H) mismatch ; authentication ; pattern recognition ; online handwriting ; sparse inference ; Taylor series ; EPON ; open-source ; spine ; machine learning ; brain ; signal representation ; magnitude responses ; Chebyshev filters ; XG-PON ; phonation ; hypokinetic dysarthria ; Parkinson’s disease ; overcomplete multi-scale dictionary construction ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 107
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Symmetry and complexity are studied by a selection of outstanding papers ranging from pure Mathematics and Physics to Computer Science and Engineering applications. In this Special Issue, the authors give a short but intensive description of the many applications of the basic structure of symmetry and complexity in many fields. Some interesting results were given in the Hydrodynamic Analysis of 3-D Hydrofoil and Marine Propeller and in the SAT Problems. The Study on Hypergraph Representations of Complex Fuzzy Information shows the importance of methods based on symmetry and complexity. A deep study of Information Technology Services in Public Organizations has been given in this issue, together with some interesting papers dealing with Adaptive Block Truncation Coding Based on an Edge-Based Quantization, SIR Model in a Patchy Environment, and the Evolution of Conformity Dynamics in Complex Social Networks. Another interesting paper provides some new insights into the Novel Computational Technique for Impulsive Fractional Differential Equations. In this collection, An Intelligent Approach for Handling Complexity by Migrating from Conventional Databases to Big Data shows the importance of such topics related to complexity.
    Keywords: big data ; complexity ; NoSQL databases ; Oracle NoSQL ; data migration ; B-spline scheme ; dihedral hydrofoil ; hydrodynamics ; marine propeller ; propeller wake ; sweptback hydrofoil ; surface panel method ; fractional derivative ; Adomian method ; computational technique ; conformity ; evolutionary dynamics ; ring network ; small-world network ; scale-free network ; epidemic model ; irreducible matrix ; Metzler matrix ; disease transition and transmission matrices ; decentralized control ; disease-free and endemic equilibrium points ; Moore–Penrose pseudoinverse ; next generation matrix ; patchy environment ; vaccination controls ; numerical inverse Laplace transform ; orthonormalized Bernstein polynomials ; operational matrices ; fractional differential equations ; BTC ; edge-based quantization ; reversible data hiding ; histogram shifting technique ; directional hölder regularity ; anisotropic hölder regularity ; directional scaling function ; anisotropic scaling function ; directional multifractal formalism ; wavelet bases ; sierpinski cascade functions ; fractional brownian sheets ; nonlinear equations ; multiple roots ; higher order methods ; attraction basins ; service identification ; IT service ; IT services catalog ; IT services portfolio ; multiobjective ; symmetric duality ; second-order ; nondifferentiable ; fractional programming ; support function ; Gf-bonvexity/Gf-pseudobonvexity ; complex q-rung orthopair fuzzy set ; complex q-rung orthopair fuzzy graphs ; complex q-rung orthopair fuzzy hypergraphs ; transversals ; SAT problem ; membrane computing ; P system ; splitting rule ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 108
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Due to the influence of pore-throat size distribution, pore connectivity, and microscale fractures, the transport, distribution, and residual saturation of fluids in porous media are difficult to characterize. Petrophysical methods in natural porous media have attracted great attention in a variety of fields, especially in the oil and gas industry. A wide range of research studies have been conducted on the characterization of porous media covers and multiphase flow therein. Reliable approaches for characterizing microstructure and multiphase flow in porous media are crucial in many fields, including the characterization of residual water or oil in hydrocarbon reservoirs and the long-term storage of supercritical CO2 in geological formations. This book gathers together 15 recent works to emphasize fundamental innovations in the field and novel applications of petrophysics in unconventional reservoirs, including experimental studies, numerical modeling (fractal approach), and multiphase flow modeling/simulations. The relevant stakeholders of this book are authorities and service companies working in the petroleum, subsurface water resources, air and water pollution, environmental, and biomaterial sectors.
    Keywords: QC801-809 ; Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; liquid rate ; particle size ; greenhouse gas emission ; wellbore multiphase flow ; oscillating motion ; oil tanker ; Lattice Boltzmann method ; base-level cycle ; fracture characterization and prediction ; submarine landslide ; Wilkins equation ; bulk density ; low-temperature nitrogen adsorption ; unconventional reservoirs ; air-entry value ; fractal model ; tight sandstone ; hazard prevention ; South China Sea ; loose media ; soil-water characteristic curve ; tight conglomerate ; supercritical CO2 ; creep ; seepage resistance ; classification ; mouth bar sand body ; Peng-Robinson equation of state (PR EOS) ; digital rock ; methane ; coal ; marine gas hydrate ; pore structure ; acoustic emission ; porous media ; damage ; initial void ratio ; Huanghua Depression ; fractal method ; gas rate ; petrophysics ; fractal porous media ; true density ; multilayer reservoir ; microfractures ; multifractal ; overburden pressure ; turbulence modelling ; numerical simulation ; diffusion coefficient ; inclined angle ; Ordos Basin ; producing degree ; pore-scale simulations ; lifecycle management ; porosity ; fractal dimension ; fractional derivative ; interlayer interference ; isotopic composition ; non-laminar flow ; temperature drop ; CT ; Bakken Formation ; salt rock ; gas hydrate ; multiphase flow ; oil properties ; pressure drawdown model with new coefficients ; controlling factors
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  • 109
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Acquiring knowledge is a life-long process; we constantly need to keep abreast of developments and progress in science and other disciplines. Embracing a scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL) means practicing constant self-reflection, involving evaluation of the academic career and the ways in which strategies are designed to examine, interpret, and share learning about teaching. This practice not only yields benefits to the lecturer but also enriches the scholarly community in the discipline. In general, SoTL is regarded as a vibrant practice of ongoing self-criticism and sharing, which results in accumulated teaching experiences for teachers, students, and the teaching community at large. This book is a contribution from authors sharing their experiences, how their teaching portfolios reflect their personal development as teachers, and how their teaching experiences are embedded in the scholarship of teaching and learning.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; high school ; education ; active methodology ; spatial visualization ; improving classroom teaching ; faculty ; evaluation ; feedback ; curriculum development ; active learning ; outcomes ; learning activity ; critical pedagogy ; module ; engineering ; sustainability ; teaching/learning strategies ; PDF-3D ; self-reflection ; GIS ; crystal system ; chemical education ; systems engineering ; survey ; satellite data ; engineering education research ; viscometer ; anti-deficit approach ; ternary phase diagrams ; engineering education ; service-learning ; design ; CDIO ; professionalization ; re-thinking the teaching ; didactic virtual resources ; open source software ; didactic virtual tools ; reverse engineering ; underrepresented minorities ; critical theoretical frameworks ; pass rate ; hidden curriculum ; role-play ; simulations ; STEM ; Green Engineering ; inductive methods ; moderation ; mixed-methods ; project-based learning ; learning tool ; spatial abilities ; engineering curriculum ; Bravais lattices ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 110
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Food processing by humans goes a long way back in time, e.g., heat for cooking was used 1.9 million years ago. However, meal preparation now seems to be moving out of the home kitchen, and preprocessed or processed/convenience food products are becoming a larger part of the daily diet. In addition, consumers are progressively focusing on the impact of food on their health, and they demand foods that have a high nutritional quality and an aroma and natural flavor that are similar to freshly-made products. Therefore, nutritional quality is concurrent with food safety, and sensory perception is becoming an increasingly important factor in food choices. The human digestive tract disintegrates food to allow the nutrients to be released and made available to the body. However, nutrients can undergo unwanted degradation upon processing and subsequent storage, negatively influencing the physiological effects. Different processing techniques will result in different food structures, thereby also affecting bioaccessibility and nutritional value. Hence, food scientists and industry have an increased interest in both conventional and innovative processing methods that can provide good-quality products with high nutritional value and stable shelf life. This Special Issue aims to shed some light on the latest knowledge about and developments within the effects of food processing and storage on changes of biochemical and nutritional compounds. Both original research articles and reviews are included in this book.
    Keywords: protein fractionation ; white teff ; brown teff ; amino acid profile ; seed storage proteins ; essential amino acids ; anthocyanins ; ascorbic acid ; UV-Vis ; HPLC-MS ; kinetics ; shelf life ; legume protein ; processing ; digestibility ; PEF ; OH ; POD ; colour ; extraction ; spray drying ; freeze drying ; antioxidants ; carotenoid aggregates ; coloring foods ; grouper ; refrigerated storage ; packaging methods ; protein oxidation ; protein degradation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 111
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: A key aspect of cyber-physical systems (CPS) is their potential for integrating information technologies with embedded control systems and physical systems to form new or improved functionalities. CPS thus draws upon advances in many areas. This positioning provides unprecedented opportunities for innovation, both within and across existing domains. However, at the same time, it is commonly understood that we are already stretching the limits of existing methodologies. In embarking towards CPS with such unprecedented capabilities, it becomes essential to improve our understanding of CPS complexity and how we can deal with it. Complexity has many facets, including complexity of the CPS itself, of the environments in which the CPS acts, and in terms of the organizations and supporting tools that develop, operate, and maintain CPS. This book is a result of a journal Special Issue, with the objective of providing a forum for researchers and practitioners to exchange their latest achievements and to identify critical issues, challenges, opportunities, and future directions for how to deal with the complexity of future CPS. The contributions include 10 papers on the following topics: (I) Systems and Societal Aspects Related to CPS and Their Complexity; (II) Model-Based Development Methods for CPS; (III) CPS Resource Management and Evolving Computing Platforms; and (IV) Architectures for CPS.
    Keywords: component-based software engineering ; mode ; mode-switch ; complexity ; cyber-physical systems ; systems engineering ; uncertainty ; microgrid ; distributed design ; self-similar architecture ; plug-n-play ; distributed control ; distribution network ; field test ; autonomous cyber-physical systems ; resilience ; ethics ; nano-bio-info-cogno technologies ; smart cyber-physical systems ; self-generated intelligence ; ampliative reasoning mechanism ; procedural abduction ; data-driven system control ; run-time acquired data ; computational functions ; self-adaptation capability ; human/socially-centered applications ; embedded systems ; software component ; component-based development ; CBD ; GPU ; GPU component ; allocation ; component allocation ; architecture layer ; time-triggered system ; real-time ; adaptation ; scheduling ; multi-core ; real-time systems ; Fixed-Priority Preemptive Scheduling (FPPS) ; mixed-criticality systems ; n/a ; Cyber Physical Systems ; Reactive Systems ; Model-Based Design ; Embedded Systems ; Automatic Code Generation ; IDE ; Internet of Things ; model testing ; mutation testing ; energy consumption ; EAST-ADL ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 112
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: The 11th International Conference on Atomic and Molecular Data and their Applications (ICAMDATA) was held on November 11–15, 2018, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and was organized by the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian. This meeting is a continuation of a series which began in 1997 that was chartered to promote the use of atomic and molecular (AM) data in various fields of science and technology, to provide a forum for the interaction of AM data producers and users, and to foster crossdisciplinary cooperation between AM data producers and users as the coordination of AM data activities and databases worldwide.
    Keywords: QC770-798 ; Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; atomic structure ; energy levels ; cross section ; Cowan code ; molecules ; electronic excitation ; hydrogen molecule ; rotational excitation ; electron scattering ; electron-impact excitation ; atoms ; inelastic scattering ; momentum transfer ; transition probabilities ; web ; charge exchange ; VAMDC ; noble gas ions ; databases ; cross sections ; N2 ; elastic scattering ; ionization ; scattering ; dissociation ; semiempirical parametric calculations
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  • 113
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book, entitled “Mesoporous Metal Oxide Films”, contains an editorial and a collection of ten research articles covering fundamental studies and applications of different metal oxide films. Mesoporous materials have been widely investigated and applied in many technological applications owing to their outstanding structural and physical properties. In this book, important developments in this fast-moving field are presented from various research groups around the world. Different preparation methods and applications of these novel and interesting materials have been reported, and it was demonstrated that mesoporosity has a direct impact on the properties and potential applications of such materials. The potential use of mesoporous metal oxide films and coatings with different morphology and structures is demonstrated in many technological applications, particularly chemical and electrochemical sensors, supercapacitors, solar cells, photoelectrodes, bioceramics, photonic switches, and anticorrosion agents.
    Keywords: SnO2 ; Metglas ; hemin ; H2O2 ; cyclic voltammetry ; magnetoelastic resonance ; sensor ; titanium dioxide ; mesoporous ; thin film ; multi-layered ; photoanode ; semiconductor ; photoelectrochemical water oxidation ; Mn2O3 ; mesoporous materials ; electrochemical characterizations ; electrode ; supercapacitors ; gadolinium oxide ; hydrazine ; p-nitrophenol ; electrochemical sensing ; amperometric ; selective sensor ; nanocrystal ; ZnO ; density of states ; optical and electrical properties ; TiO2 films ; Ag nanoparticles ; optical properties ; spectroelectrochemistry ; surface plasmon ; Fe-doped TiO2 ; hydrothermal ; GCE ; chemical sensor ; amperometry ; dye-sensitized solar cells ; working electrode ; TiO2 ; NiO nanoparticles ; electron transport ; corrosion ; guar gum ; coatings ; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) ; SECM ; AFM ; calcium phosphate silicate ; PEG ; bioceramics ; sol-gel preparation ; hard tissue engineering ; metal oxide ; sol-gel ; supercapacitor ; photoelectrode ; dye sensitized solar cell ; NiO ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 114
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book compiles relevant expanded versions of the best articles presented at the Second Ibero-American Congress of Smart Cities (ICSC-CITIES 2019), published in the Special Issue “Mobility and IoT for the Smart Cities” in Smart Cities, MDPI. This book includes articles on urban mobility, as well as on integrated sensors in cities, two relevant subjects related to the development of modern smart cities moving towards sustainability.
    Keywords: Smart Cities ; inclusive transport ; smart bus stops ; mobility systems ; interconnected public spaces ; air pollution ; noise pollution ; low emissions zone ; pedestrianization ; sustainable mobility ; public transportation ; smart cities ; mobility plan ; railway ; Hyperloop ; power supply ; energy storage ; power electronics ; supercapacitors ; research network ; energy efficiency ; sustainability ; mobility ; IoT ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 115
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The use of machine learning in mechanics is booming. Algorithms inspired by developments in the field of artificial intelligence today cover increasingly varied fields of application. This book illustrates recent results on coupling machine learning with computational mechanics, particularly for the construction of surrogate models or reduced order models. The articles contained in this compilation were presented at the EUROMECH Colloquium 597, « Reduced Order Modeling in Mechanics of Materials », held in Bad Herrenalb, Germany, from August 28th to August 31th 2018. In this book, Artificial Neural Networks are coupled to physics-based models. The tensor format of simulation data is exploited in surrogate models or for data pruning. Various reduced order models are proposed via machine learning strategies applied to simulation data. Since reduced order models have specific approximation errors, error estimators are also proposed in this book. The proposed numerical examples are very close to engineering problems. The reader would find this book to be a useful reference in identifying progress in machine learning and reduced order modeling for computational mechanics.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; supervised machine learning ; proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) ; PGD compression ; stabilization ; nonlinear reduced order model ; gappy POD ; symplectic model order reduction ; neural network ; snapshot proper orthogonal decomposition ; 3D reconstruction ; microstructure property linkage ; nonlinear material behaviour ; proper orthogonal decomposition ; reduced basis ; ECSW ; geometric nonlinearity ; POD ; model order reduction ; elasto-viscoplasticity ; sampling ; surrogate modeling ; model reduction ; enhanced POD ; archive ; modal analysis ; low-rank approximation ; computational homogenization ; artificial neural networks ; unsupervised machine learning ; large strain ; reduced-order model ; proper generalised decomposition (PGD) ; a priori enrichment ; elastoviscoplastic behavior ; error indicator ; computational homogenisation ; empirical cubature method ; nonlinear structural mechanics ; reduced integration domain ; model order reduction (MOR) ; structure preservation of symplecticity ; heterogeneous data ; reduced order modeling (ROM) ; parameter-dependent model ; data science ; Hencky strain ; dynamic extrapolation ; tensor-train decomposition ; hyper-reduction ; empirical cubature ; randomised SVD ; machine learning ; inverse problem plasticity ; proper symplectic decomposition (PSD) ; finite deformation ; Hamiltonian system ; DEIM ; GNAT ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Artificial intelligence is deeply involved in our daily lives via reinforcing the digital transformation of modern economies and infrastructure. It relies on powerful computing clusters, which face bottlenecks of power consumption for both data transmission and intensive computing. Meanwhile, optics (especially optical communications, which underpin today’s telecommunications) is penetrating short-reach connections down to the chip level, thus meeting with AI technology and creating numerous opportunities. This book is about the marriage of optics and AI and how each part can benefit from the other. Optics facilitates on-chip neural networks based on fast optical computing and energy-efficient interconnects and communications. On the other hand, AI enables efficient tools to address the challenges of today’s optical communication networks, which behave in an increasingly complex manner. The book collects contributions from pioneering researchers from both academy and industry to discuss the challenges and solutions in each of the respective fields.
    Keywords: light emitting diode ; nonlinearity estimation and compensation ; probabilistic Bayesian learning ; visible light communication ; digital signal processing ; support vector machines ; BCSVM ; nonlinear equalization ; coherent detection ; k-nearest neighbor algorithm ; modulation format identification ; OSNR monitoring ; neural networks ; optical communications ; optimization ; equalizer ; tap estimation ; optical Fast-OFDM ; nonlinearity compensation ; optical fiber communications ; chromatic dispersion ; short-reach communication ; neural network ; hybrid signal processing ; fiber optics communications ; coherent communications ; machine learning ; clustering ; nonlinearity cancellation ; entanglement ; charge qubit ; position-based semiconductor qubits ; cryogenic technologies ; semiconductor photon communication ; Jaynes–Cummings–Hubbard formalism ; deep neural networks ; volterra equalization ; nonlinear systems ; coherent optical communication ; passive optical networks ; nonlinear compensation ; optical transmission ; optical networks ; artificial intelligence ; quality of transmission ; optical performance monitoring ; failure management ; artificial neural networks ; deep neural network ; image classification ; photonic integrated circuits ; semiconductor optical amplifiers ; photonic neural network ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: The electrospinning method has the unique ability to produce structured polymeric fibers on the micro or nano scale and to generate novel materials for food and healthcare purposes. The potential of electrospun nanofibers for human healthcare applications is promising, for example, in tissue/organ repair and regeneration, in medical diagnostics and instrumentation, and as vectors to deliver drugs and therapeutics, as biocompatible and biodegradable medical implant devices, as protective fabrics against environmental and infectious agents in hospitals and general surroundings. Furthermore, considerable effort has been directed toward developing scaffolds using biodegradable and biocompatible synthetic, natural polymers or renewable materials that enhance in vitro cell growth, while killing pathogenic bacteria cells. This Special Issue ""Electrospun Polymer Nanofibers for Food and Health Applications” will cover the latest research of electrospun nanofibres in this field including shape-memory electrospun fibre meshes with programmable cell orientation, water-absorbing nano?ber meshes for e?cient removal of excess water from kidney failure patients, and hydrogel nano?bers which can be used as a drug carrier for methylene blue.
    Keywords: T1-995 ; carboxymethyl sago pulp ; poly(sodium acrylate) ; Curcuma comosa ; brittleness ; S. aureus ; nanofiber mat ; electrospinning ; melting temperature ; water absorbing materials ; polyurethane ; S. epidermidis ; shape memory polymer ; nanofiber ; cell orientation ; nanofibers ; shape memory nanofiber ; controlled release ; hydrogel ; hemodialysis ; ZnO ; poly(?-caprolactone) ; polyacrylonitrile (PAN) ; gelatin ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 118
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book focuses on remote sensing for urban deformation monitoring. In particular, it highlights how deformation monitoring in urban areas can be carried out using Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Tomography (TomoSAR). Several contributions show the capabilities of Interferometric SAR (InSAR) and PSI techniques for urban deformation monitoring. Some of them show the advantages of TomoSAR in un-mixing multiple scatterers for urban mapping and monitoring. This book is dedicated to the technical and scientific community interested in urban applications. It is useful for choosing the appropriate technique and gaining an assessment of the expected performance. The book will also be useful to researchers, as it provides information on the state-of-the-art and new trends in this field
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; surface subsidence ; PS ; permanent scatterers ; land subsidence ; PS-InSAR ; thermal dilation ; SBAS-InSAR ; Sepulveda Transit Corridor ; deformation ; differential SAR interferometry ; reclaimed land ; Istanbul ; deformation monitoring ; skyscrapers ; generalized likelihood ratio test ; validation ; uplift ; displacement monitoring ; pursuit monostatic ; radar interferometry ; Sentinel-1A ; urbanization ; synthetic aperture radar ; Turkey ; terraSAR-X ; geological and geomorphological mapping ; London ; differential compaction ; expansive soils ; health monitoring ; Copernicus Sentinel-1 ; displacement mapping ; PALSAR ; land reclamation ; tomography ; Venetian-Friulian Plain ; ALOS PALSAR ; multi-temporal DInSAR ; SAR interferometry ; InSAR ; persistent scatterers ; carbonate karstification ; ENVISAT ASAR ; multiple PS detection ; sparse signals ; urban subsidence ; time series InSAR analysis ; time series analysis ; Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) ; engineering construction ; Rome ; persistent scatterer interferometry ; subsidence ; persistent scatterer interferometry (PSI) ; SNAP-StaMPS ; Lingang New City ; dewatering ; atmospheric component ; urban deformation monitoring ; Sentinel-1 ; differential interferometry ; Late-Quaternary deposits ; modelling ; Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test ; Persistent Scatterer Interferometry ; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ; Capon estimation ; differential tomography ; deformation time series ; groundwater level variation ; radar detection ; multi-look SAR tomography ; spaceborne SAR ; SAR ; ERS-1/-2 ; reclamation settlements ; Wuhan ; subsidence monitoring ; water level changes ; polarimetry ; asymmetric subsidence ; urban monitoring ; urban areas ; landslide ; SAR tomography ; Urayasu City ; risk ; Los Angeles ; PALSAR-2 ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Metallic biomaterials (biometals) are widely used for the manufacture of medical implants, ranging from load-bearing orthopaedic prostheses to dental and cardiovascular implants, because of their favourable combination of properties, including high strength, fracture toughness, biocompatibility, and wear and corrosion resistance. Owing to the significant consequences of implant material failure/degradation, in terms of both personal and financial burden, failure analysis of biometals has always been of paramount importance in order to understand the failure mechanisms and implement suitable solutions with the aim to improve the longevity of implants in the body. Failure Analysis of Biometals presents some of the latest developments and findings in this area. This includes a great range of common metallic biomaterials (Ti alloys, CoCrMo alloys, Mg alloys, and NiTi alloys) and their associated failure mechanisms (corrosion, fatigue, fracture, and fretting wear) that commonly occur in medical implants and surgical instruments.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue was created to collect the most recent and novel research on seismic performance evaluation of building structures. This issue includes three important topics on seismic engineering for building structures: (1) seismic design and performance evaluation, (2) structural dynamics, and (3) seismic hazard and risk analysis. To protect building structures from earthquakes, it is necessary to conduct seismic performance evaluations on structures with reliable methods and to retrofit these structures appropriately using the results of the seismic performance evaluation.
    Keywords: strength ; yielding capping and ultimate deformation ; RC column ; cyclic test database ; artificial neural network ; bi-linear and tri-linear lumped plasticity model ; columns ; cyclic behavior ; low height-to-depth ratio ; modeling parameters ; calibration ; SPSW ; axial compression ratio ; hole size ; thickness of stiffening plate ; hole position ; hysteretic performance ; FEM (Finite Element Method) ; DYNA6 ; soil-structure interaction ; soil-pile dynamic stiffness ; retrofitting ; viscous dampers ; optimum design ; collapse-resistant capacity ; economic benefit ; sustainability ; steel reinforced concrete ; joint ; post critical ; moment-curvature ; nonlinear ; frame model ; multi-story steel frames ; self-centering bracing elements ; buckling-restrained brace (BRB) ; seismic analysis ; earthquake/seismic forces ; seismic damage ; mold transformer ; shaking table test ; non-structural elements ; dynamic characteristics ; ground motion ; earthquake ; response history analysis ; station ; seismicity ; machine learning ; structural types ; decision forest ; self-training procedures ; city-scale seismic damage simulation ; numerical models ; model parameter ; analysis algorithm ; seismic performance evaluation ; seismic risk ; seismic hazard ; seismic force resisting system ; energy dissipater ; seismic design ; nonlinear response ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: This book is a collection of contributions to the Special Issue “Historical Acoustics: Relationships between People and Sound over Time”. The research presented here aims to explore the origins of acoustics and examine the relationships that have evolved over the centuries between people and auditory phenomena. Sounds have indeed accompanied human civilizations since the beginning of time, helping them to make sense of the world and to shape their cultures. Several key topics emerged, such as the acoustics of historical worship buildings, the acoustics of sites of archaeological interest, the acoustics of historical opera houses, and the topic of soundscapes as cultural intangible heritage. The book, as a whole, reflects the vibrant research activity around the “acoustics of the past”, which will hopefully be serve as a foundation for inspiring the future path of this discipline.
    Keywords: QC221-246 ; Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; military history ; choir space ; reverberation time ; n/a ; Lazarica church ; acoustic heritage ; shape optimisation ; Spanish cathedrals ; sound ; architectural heritage ; cathedral acoustics ; theatre ; ancient Greek theatre ; music ; EDT ; acoustics ; architectural conservation ; restoration ; archaeoacoustics ; Süleymaniye Mosque ; historic soundscapes ; cave ; history ; cultural heritage ; worship acoustics ; Hagia Sophia ; Stonehenge ; digital humanities ; medieval building ; Classical Era ; room acoustics ; reverberation ; general’s harangue ; open-air performance space ; speech intelligibility ; archives ; church acoustics ; opera house ; political theater ; historical structures ; archeoacoustics ; Julius Caesar ; scenery ; historical speeches ; soundscapes ; soundscape survey ; archaeology ; Chaco Canyon ; memorial ; York Minster ; heritage acoustics ; acoustic simulation ; Ancestral Puebloan ; clarity ; acoustic design ; sound mapping ; Berlin Wall
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The use of the energy and its resources have changed dramatically in last few decades. The increasing use of technology and electrification increases the demand for energy, with impacts natural energy resources. At present, industries are trying to reduce the direct use of traditional energy by utilizing renewable energy as an alternative energy resource. Recent studies have attempted to optimize consumed energies for entire systems by using alternative energies. These alternatives are different kinds of renewable energies which provide numerous new possibilities to survive without using non-renewable energies. The production industry is moving toward smart production using the technology of the fourth industrial revolution. In this book, energy consumption for production and supply chain management are explained through presentation of some the latest major research advances. These studies collectively contribute new ideas and strategies in enriching the literature.
    Keywords: energy ; multi-item smart production ; system reliability ; failure rate ; variable development cost ; sustainable electrical energy supply chain ; inventory ; price-dependent demand ; transmission and distribution costs ; carbon-emission ; renewable energy ; smart production system ; random breakdown ; safety stock ; controllable production rate ; healthcare supply chain management ; platelets ; perishability factor ; location-allocation ; sustainable manufacturing system ; multi-item production ; variable holding cost ; inflation ; control theory ; stochastic production capacity ; unreliable production system ; random failure and repair rates ; electrical energy consumption ; supply chain management ; imperfect production ; distribution free approach ; service level constraint ; transportation discount ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Satellite altimetry is a radar technique for measuring the topography of the Earth’s surface. It was initially designed for measuring the ocean’s topography, with reference to an ellipsoid, and for the determination of the marine geoid. Satellite altimetry has provided extremely valuable information on ocean science (e.g., circulation surface geostrophic currents, eddy structures, wave heights, and the propagation of oceanic Kelvin and Rossby waves). With more than 25 years of observations, it is also becoming vital to climate research, providing accurate measurements of sea level variations from regional to global scales. Altimetry has also demonstrated a strong potential for geophysical, cryospheric, and hydrological research and is now commonly used for the monitoring of Arctic and Antarctic ice sheet topography and of terrestrial surface water levels. This book aims to present reviews and recent advances of general interest in the use of radar altimetry in Earth sciences. Manuscripts are related to any aspect of radar altimetry technique or geophysical applications. We also encourage manuscripts resulting from the application of new altimetric technology (SAR, SARin, and Ka band) and improvements expected from missions to be launched in the near future (i.e., SWOT).
    Keywords: QC801-809 ; Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; water level ; ALES ; wet path delay ; CryoSat-2 ; water volume transport ; water level time series ; storm surge ; filtering ; validation ; polar ocean ; ocean tides ; satellite altimetry ; lake level ; classification ; ENVISAT ; numerical modelling ; PISTACH ; water levels ; evaporation ; geodesy ; waveform ; ALES retracker ; waveform retracking ; unsupervised classification ; CryosSat-2 SAR ; peakiness ; Envisat ; Jason-2 ; calibration ; SARAL ; ACC ; microwave radiometer ; ocean geostrophy ; data processing ; fine scale ; SWOT ; orbit decay ; Aral Sea ; geodetic orbit ; radar altimetry ; oceanography ; streamflow ; K-medoids ; retracking ; ice ; SWOT simulator ; coastal altimetry ; Ka-band ; western Mediterranean Sea ; topography of the intertidal zone ; FVCOM ; HY-2A ; inland water ; tide gauge ; discharge ; ERS-2 ; marine gravity ; wet tropospheric correction ; South China Sea ; stack data ; upper layer thickness ; drifting orbit ; hydrology ; Sentinel-3 ; two-layer ocean model ; satellite geodesy ; Fram Strait ; space gravity ; leads ; satellite altimeter ; range precision ; sensor calibration ; ROMS model ; X-TRACK ; SAR ; Inner Niger Delta ; Greenland Sea ; Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) ; Mekong Basin ; altimetry ; Hong Kong coast ; soil moisture ; Argo ; Southern Ocean ; Landsat ; dielectric permittivity ; sea surface height ; lake volume
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The need for efficient and sustainable management methods of mine waste is continuously growing all around the world. These waste products often present serious management problems due to their more or less significant amounts and possible environmental threats. This Special Issue highlights the recent and new trends in sustainable mine waste management techniques. Currently, it is essential to sustainably manage mine waste, considering social, economic, environmental and technical aspects. In this Special Issue, insights related to the following issues are highlighted: the problems around mine waste, the fine characterization of mine waste, the latest available technical and environmental solutions to efficiently manage mine waste, including treatment and processing before disposal and high value element recovery, with the view of moving towards defining effective, low-cost and ecofriendly methods, the recycling of mine waste products as alternative resources in different sectors, and finally laboratory, pilot and/or industrial-scale studies related to these topics of research. Scientists and industry and governance stakeholders have to face these new challenges to find the best management practices for the future.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; TN1-997 ; n/a ; geographical information systems ; reuse ; kinetic test ; microstructure ; mining waste ; cemented paste backfill ; mixing ; metals ; economic potential ; paste pH ; bibliometric analysis ; multivariate analysis ; Bayer red mud ; iron recovery ; flow behavior ; attenuation mechanisms ; magnesium oxide ; environmental mineralogy ; iron ore tailings ; sulfides ; anthropogenic mineral resources (AMR) ; alkaline amendments ; exploration ; long-term storage ; mining and mineral processing waste (MMPW) ; mineralogical characterization ; Zgounder mine ; sustainable resource management ; leaching ; sustainability ; LIBS ; AMR processing ; gravity separation ; heap leaching ; sustainable development ; Joutel mine ; tailings ; circular economy ; stamp mill ; silver ; acid mine drainage ; flotation ; siderite ; mobility ; mine drainage ; mine tailings ; mine waste ; remediation ; desulfurization ; geochemical behavior ; pH ; loss and lost profits ; low-grade silver ores ; aquatic systems ; hydrotalcite-like compounds ; core scanner ; rheology ; soil washing ; cementitious amendments ; historic tailings ; gold reprocessing ; chemical species ; systematic review ; concrete composite admixtures ; dump leaching ; kinetic testing ; tailings management ; reaction kinetics ; industrial ecology ; management ; contaminant ; valorisation ; recovering alkali ; environmental damage ; copper tailings dump ; spatial mapping ; supergene processes ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Electromagnetic (EM) waves carry energy through propagation in space. This radiation associates with entangled electric and magnetic fields which must exist simultaneously. Although all EM waves travel at the speed of light in vacuum, they cover a wide range of frequencies called the EM spectrum. The various portions of the EM spectrum are referred to by various names based on their different attributes in the emission, transmission, and absorption of the corresponding waves and also based on their different practical applications. There are no certain boundaries separating these various portions, and the ranges tend to overlap. Overall, the EM spectrum, from the lowest to the highest frequency (longest to shortest wavelength) contains the following waves: radio frequency (RF), microwaves, millimeter waves, terahertz, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays. This Special Issue consists of sixteen papers covering a broad range of topics related to the applications of EM waves, from the design of filters and antennas for wireless communications to biomedical imaging and sensing and beyond.
    Keywords: bonding wire ; S parameters ; electromagnetic simulation ; port embedding ; balanced bandpass filter ; common mode suppression ; spurline ; source–load coupling ; stepped impedance resonator (SIR) ; open-ended waveguide ; slow-wave ; endfire ; radiation ; dispersion ; gain ; energy verification ; Hall probe ; dipole ; movable slit ; Goubau line ; non-invasive blood glucose measurement ; Acu-check ; lancet ; leaky waves ; surface waves ; ultra-wideband ; THz absorber ; high absorption ; polarization independent ; holography ; microwave imaging ; microwave measurement system ; nondestructive testing ; electromagnetic compatibility ; protection of information ; electromagnetic emissions ; computers and information processing ; data acquisition ; image recognition ; pattern recognition ; image processing ; graphic information ; LED array ; laser printer ; compromising emanations ; electromagnetic infiltration ; reconstruction ; non-invasive data acquisition ; Fourier series expansion ; nanorod ; multimode ; propagation characteristics ; guided wave ; bandpass filter ; half-wavelength resonator ; insertion loss ; phantom measurement system ; bone lesion detection ; ground penetrating radar ; reverse time migration ; Tibetan Plateau ; permafrost active layer ; internal structure ; Chebyshev filter ; cavity ; metamaterial ; waveguide ; X-band ; meta-resonator ; machine learning ; material identification ; microwave sensor array ; microwave waveguide ; dipole and horn antennas ; carbon-composite material ; graphene ; antenna mesurements ; electromagnetic waves ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In recent years, the industrial environment has been changing radically due to the introduction of concepts and technologies based on the fourth industrial revolution, also known as Industry 4.0. After the introduction of Industry 4.0 in large enterprises, SMEs have moved into the focus, as they are the backbone of many economies. Small organizations are increasingly proactive in improving their operational processes, which is a good starting point for introducing the new concepts of Industry 4.0. The readiness of SME-adapted Industry 4.0 concepts and the organizational capability of SMEs to meet this challenge exist only in some areas. This reveals the need for further research and action plans for preparing SMEs in a technical and organizational direction. Therefore, special research and investigations are needed for the implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies and concepts in SMEs. SMEs will only achieve Industry 4.0 by following SME-customized implementation strategies and approaches and realizing SME-adapted concepts and technological solutions. Thus, this Special Issue represents a collection of theoretical models as well as practical case studies related to the introduction of Industry 4.0 concepts in small- and medium-sized enterprises.
    Keywords: latent semantic analysis ; virtual quality management ; concept investigation ; concept disambiguation ; knowledge discovery ; sustainable methodologies ; small and medium sized enterprises ; material handling systems ; simulation ; ARENA®, time study ; overall equipment effectiveness ; manufacturing performance ; Industry 4.0 ; manufacturing sustainability ; manufacturing process model ; business process management ; hierarchical clustering ; similarity ; BPMN ; human factors ; cyber-physical systems ; cyber-physical production systems ; anthropocentric design ; Operator 4.0 ; human–machine interaction ; energy efficient operation ; manufacturing system ; stochastic event ; digital twin ; Max-plus Algebra ; MATLAB-Simulink ; advanced manufacturing ; industry 4.0 ; SME ; technology adoption model ; assembly supply chain ; sustainability ; complexity indicators ; testing criteria ; SMEs ; e-business modelling ; LSP Lifecycle Model ; Quality Function Deployment ; Best-Worst Method ; Internet of Things ; India ; awareness ; small and medium-sized enterprises ; assessment model ; collaborative robotics ; physical ergonomics ; human-robot collaboration ; human-centered design ; assembly ; small and medium sized enterprise ; positive complexity ; negative complexity ; infeasible configurations ; product platform ; customer’s perception ; assessment ; field study ; smart manufacturing ; cloud platform ; artificial intelligence ; machine learning ; deep learning ; smart logistics ; logistics 4.0 ; smart technologies ; sustainable agriculture ; plant factory ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This specialist edition features key innovations in the science and engineering of new grinding processes, abrasives, tools, machines, and systems for a range of important industrial applications. Topics written by invited, internationally recognized authors review the advances and present results of research over a range of well-known grinding processes. A significant introductory review chapter explores innovations to achieve high productivity and very high precision in grinding. The reviewed applications range from grinding systems for very large lenses and reflectors, through to medium size grinding machine processes, and down to grinding very small components used in MEMS . Early research chapters explore the influence of grinding wheel topography on surface integrity and wheel wear. A novel chapter on abrasive processes also addresses the finishing of parts produced by additive manufacturing through mass finishing. Materials to be ground range from conventional engineering steels to aerospace materials, ceramics, and composites. The research findings highlight important new results for avoiding material sub-surface damage. The papers compiled in this book include references to many source publications which will be found invaluable for further research, such as new features introduced into control systems to improve process efficiency. The papers also reflect significant improvements and research findings relating to many aspects of grinding processes, including machines, materials, abrasives, wheel preparation, coolants, lubricants, and fluid delivery. Finally, a definitive chapter summarizes the optimal settings for high precision and the achievement of centerless grinding stability.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; wheels ; safe operation ; precision ; lubrication ; surface roughness ; microgrinding ; high-performance dry grinding ; micro-grinding ; brittle hard materials ; glass ; micropencil grinding tools ; topography ; glass–ceramic ; cutting edge ; coolant delivery ; quality ; fusion ; materials ; metal additive manufacturing ; profile gear grinding ; grinding fluid ; coolant ; contact conditions ; metal cutting fluid ; grinding ; self-sharpening ; mass finishing ; process optimization ; centerless grinding ; grinding fluid nozzle ; laser ; productivity ; systems ; subsurface damages ; NC-form grinding ; sodium dodecyl sulfate ; grinding wheels ; processes ; jet breakup ; control ; removal rates ; wear modelling ; precision grinding ; optics manufacturing ; sensors ; bonding ; microstructures ; machines ; thermo-mechanical stress collective ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book contains 21 research papers, one review and one editorial focusing on studies in the field of electric power systems research in 2016. These 23 published papers can be classified into five categories: generation systems; transmission systems; distribution systems; end-users; and the power market. Among these, the subjects of generation and distribution systems has caused the most concern due to the realization of smart grids. Papers presented in this book cover research, the development of new procedures or components, an original application of existing knowledge, or new design approaches. The authors of the published articles are from a variety of Asian, North American, and European countries. This book shows that authors in China are the most active and their research covers all of the above-mentioned areas.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; optimization ; reliability ; sustainability ; stability ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 129
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Food is a source of nutrients but it also provides basic pleasure and aesthetic experiences. Acceptance, food choice, and consumption are affected by many factors, including both intrinsic and extrinsic factors and cues, as well as consumer characteristics. Food-elicited emotions are becoming a critical component in designing products that meet consumers’ needs and expectations. Several studies have reported on the presence of emotional responses to food and the relationships of these to product acceptability, preference, and choice. This Special Issue brings together a small range of studies with a diversity of approaches that provide good examples of the complex and multidisciplinary nature of this subject matter.
    Keywords: food values ; positive anticipated emotions ; attitude toward the brand ; attitude toward eating a hamburger ; purchase intention ; maize tortilla ; consumer behavior ; sensory profile ; texture ; physico-chemical parameters ; alcohol ; impulsivity ; emotional intelligence ; sensation seeking ; Italian consumers ; food attitudes ; psychological trait ; sociodemographic variables ; ethnic food ; consumer perception ; emotion ; purchase intent ; salads ; visual cues ; consumer behaviour ; wine attribute ; sherry wine ; gender ; food safety ; take-away food ; online public opinion ; emotional analysis ; topic analysis ; natural language processing ; food-evoked emotions ; sensory liking ; consumer acceptance ; food choice ; food intake and consumption ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Challenging problems arise in all segments of energy industries—generation, transmission, distribution and consumption. Optimization models and methods play a key role in offering decision/policy makers better information to assist them in making sounder decisions at different levels, ranging from operational to strategic planning.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; mixed integer linear programming ; fuzzy set theory ; stochastic programming ; mixed integer linear programing ; variable renewable power ; generation efficiency ; optimization ; flexibility option ; portfolio analysis ; firefighting ; semi-mean-absolute deviation model ; component outage ; energy network ; predicted mean vote (PMV) ; generation expansion planning ; building microgrid ; demand side management ; stochastic robust optimization ; oil storage plants ; long-term forecasting ; multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) ; life cycle cost ; graph theory ; scenario-based multistage stochastic programming ; optimal power generation mix ; heating ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) ; intermittent sources ; electric-power structure adjustment ; technique for the order of preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS) ; integrated energy system ; Markov chain Monte Carlo ; nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA) ; domino effect ; energy system management model ; electrical distribution systems ; microgrid operation ; influence diagram ; net demand ; wind power forecasting ; energy conservation and emissions reduction ; feasible operation region ; meshed topology ; occupancy-based control ; islanded microgrids ; combined heat and power ; multi-objective optimization ; re-optimization and rescheduling ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Bone tissue engineering aims to develop artificial bone substitutes that partially or totally restore the natural regeneration capability of bone tissue lost under circumstances of injury, significant defects, or diseases such as osteoporosis. In this context, biomaterials are the keystone of the methodology. Biomaterials for bone tissue engineering have evolved from biocompatible materials that mimic the physical and chemical environment of bone tissue to a new generation of materials that actively interacts with the physiological environment, accelerating bone tissue growth. Mathematical modelling and simulation are important tools in the overall methodology. This book presents an overview of the current investigations and recent contributions in the field of bone tissue engineering. It includes several successful examples of multidisciplinary collaboration in this transversal area of research. The book is intended for students, researchers, and professionals of a number of disciplines, such as engineering, mathematics, physics, chemistry, biomedicine, biology, and veterinary. The book is composed of an editorial section and 16 original research papers authored by leading researchers of this discipline from different laboratories across the world
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; bone morphogenesis proteins ; n/a ; finite element ; bone tissue engineering ; electrically active implants ; prediction marker ; vertebra ; direct current electric field ; loose sintering ; Lattice Boltzmann method ; Pelvis ; automatic segmentation ; MSCs ; additive manufacturing ; finite element method ; bioelectromagnetism ; optimization ; scaffold design ; cone beam computed tomography ; computational modelling ; bone regeneration ; oxygen delivery ; biomaterials ; bone tissue ; spark plasma sintering ; critical size defect ; musculoskeletal modelling ; resonance frequency analysis ; minipig ; numerical methods in bioengineering ; computational fluid dynamics ; maxillofacial ; osteoporosis ; sliding window ; osseointegration ; mass transfer ; substrate-mediated electrical stimulation ; Fixation design ; dental implants ; human dental pulp stem cells ; numerical results ; elastoplasticity ; bone tissue regeneration ; finite-element simulation ; 3D-printed implant ; selective laser melting ; Lagrangian scalar tracking ; cortical bone ; micromechanics ; trabeculae ; finite element modelling ; damage ; titanium ; powder metallurgy ; pelvis ; biomechanics ; computational mechanobiology ; culturing protocol ; bone adaptation ; stem cell ; Bone tumor ; trabecular bone score ; Xenografts ; triply periodic minimal surfaces ; computed tomography ; multiscale analysis ; cartilage ; digital image correlation ; osteo-differentiation ; wollastonite ; transport ; finite element analysis ; bone marrow ; fracture risk ; von Mises stress ; electric stimulation ; mechanical behaviour ; adipogenesis ; biomaterial applications ; computational mechanics ; Ti6Al4V scaffolds ; finite elements ; Otsu’s method ; 3D virtual surgical plan ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue reports on recent research trends in hydraulics, hydrodynamics, and hydroinformatics, and their novel applications in practical engineering. The Issue covers a wide range of topics, including open channel flows, sediment transport dynamics, two-phase flows, flow-induced vibration and water quality. The collected papers provide insight into new developments in physical, mathematical, and numerical modelling of important problems in hydraulics and hydroinformatics, and include demonstrations of the application of such models in water resources engineering.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 133
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Advances in technology have produced a range of on-body sensors and smartwatches that can be used to monitor a wearer’s health with the objective to keep the user healthy. However, the real potential of such devices not only lies in monitoring but also in interactive communication with expert-system-based cloud services to offer personalized and real-time healthcare advice that will enable the user to manage their health and, over time, to reduce expensive hospital admissions. To meet this goal, the research challenges for the next generation of wearable healthcare devices include the need to offer a wide range of sensing, computing, communication, and human–computer interaction methods, all within a tiny device with limited resources and electrical power. This Special Issue presents a collection of six papers on a wide range of research developments that highlight the specific challenges in creating the next generation of low-power wearable healthcare sensors.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Through reading this book, you will obtain information on: (1) the main problems in air separation and natural gas treatment by membrane separation and how to solve them; (2) processes involving membranes and new membrane materials for the more economical utilization of bio-resources; (3) energy selection and membrane development for more expedient and stable harnessing of the natural osmosis phenomenon; (4) many excellent contributions about catalytic membrane bioreactors; (5) how to fine-tune the arrangement of aquaporins (i.e., proteins identified in biological cells) to achieve superior water treatment efficiency.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; n/a ; membrane ; draw solutes ; regeneration ; steam explosion ; wastewater treatment ; lignin ; hydrogen ; supported ionic liquid membranes ; chlorine resistance ; photocatalytic membrane ; thin-film composite ; photocatalytic membrane reactors ; single-sites ; pore modification ; polyimide ; separation ; dynamic membrane filtration ; microalgae ; structural stability ; energy ; fine chemistry ; pre-reforming ; costs ; fractionation ; carbon dioxide ; glucose ; alkanes ; immobilization ; biomimetic ; aquaporins ; nanofiltration ; interfacial polymerization ; cell disruption ; gas separation ; steam reforming ; plasticization ; xylose ; forward osmosis ; zeolite membrane ; membrane separation ; dopamine ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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  • 135
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Rheology, defined as the science of deformation and flow of matter, is a multidisciplinary scientific field, covering both fundamental and applied approaches. The study of rheology includes both experimental and computational methods, which are not mutually exclusive. Its practical importance embraces many processes, from daily life, like preparing mayonnaise or spread an ointment or shampooing, to industrial processes like polymer processing and oil extraction, among several others. Practical applications include also formulations and product development. This Special Issue aims to present the latest advances in the fields of experimental and computational rheology applied to the most diverse classes of materials (foods, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, polymers and biopolymers, multiphasic systems and composites) and processes. This Special Issue will comprise, not only original research papers, but also review articles.
    Keywords: T1-995 ; n/a ; microstructure ; microfluidization ; yield stress ; nonlinear diffusion equation ; particle suspensions ; colloids ; viscous gravity spreading ; nanocomposites ; BMP model ; LCB polypropylene ; diutan gum ; thixotropy ; complex fluids ; traction test ; viscoelasticity ; biopolymer ; normal stresses ; start-up shear ; OpenFOAM ; flow properties ; rheometry ; oscillatory flows ; linear viscoelasticity ; continuum model ; steady-state and transient flow ; interfacial shear rheology ; shear-banding flow ; pressure transducers ; jetting ; natural hydraulic lime ; generalized Boussinesq equation ; prototyping ; piezoelectric ; masonry ; polymer processing ; eco-friendly surfactant ; emulsion stability ; rhamsan gum ; lubricating grease ; computational rheology ; Saffman–Taylor instability ; extrusion ; volume of fluid method ; polymers ; weak gel ; cement pastes ; Carbopol ; thyme oil ; elongational flow ; rheology ; grout ; epoxy ; polystyrene ; shear thickening ; bulk rheology ; porous medium equation ; consolidation ; Dupuit-Forchheimer assumption ; yield stress fluid ; drop formation ; dilatational rheology ; droplet size distribution (DSD) ; Navier-Stokes equations ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 136
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book focuses on all the technologies involved in improving the teaching and learning process of some of the sensor-based IoT topics, such as virtual sensors, simulated data acquisition, virtual and remote labs for IoT sensing, gamification experiences and innovative teaching materials, among others. In particular, the articles inside the book show excellent works about hot topics, such as: - Remote labs for IoT teaching, including the full development cycle. - Practical guides for IoT cybersecurity. - Innovative multimodal learning analytics architecture that builds on software-defined networks and network function virtualization principles. - Problem-based learning experiences using designed complex sensor-based IoT ecosystems with sensors, actuators, microcontrollers, plants, soils and irrigation systems. - Block-based programming extensions to facilitate the creation of mobile apps for smart learning experiences. The articles published in this book present only some of the most important topics about sensor-based IoT learning and teaching. However, the selected papers offer significant studies and promising environments.
    Keywords: Internet of Things (IoT) ; mobile apps ; end-user development ; App Inventor ; block-based languages ; map-reduce ; computer-based systems ; environmental awareness ; Industry 4.0 ; Internet of Things ; irrigation systems ; planter ; project-based-learning ; smart learning environments ; teamwork ; smart classrooms ; educational technology ; multimodal learning analytics ; internet of things ; multisensorial networks ; IoT ; cybersecurity ; Shodan ; teaching methodology ; use case based learning ; security audit ; vulnerabilities ; cyber-attacks ; vulnerability assessment ; web of things ; IoT learning ; cloud computing ; protocols ; virtualization ; instructional design ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Silicon has been proven to be remarkably resilient as a commercial electronic material. The microelectronics industry has harnessed nanotechnology to continually push the performance limits of silicon devices and integrated circuits. Rather than shrinking its market share, silicon is displacing “competitor” semiconductors in domains such as high-frequency electronics and integrated photonics. There are strong business drivers underlying these trends; however, an important contribution is also being made by research groups worldwide, who are developing new configurations, designs, and applications of silicon-based nanoscale and nanostructured materials. This Special Issue features a selection of papers which illustrate recent advances in the preparation of chemically or physically engineered silicon-based nanostructures and their application in electronic, photonic, and mechanical systems.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; ohmic contact ; graphene oxide ; optical gain media ; nano silica sol ; in-situ growth ; silicon quantum dots ; gold nanoparticles ; nanofabrication ; thermal reduction ; long-term mechanical tests ; self-aligned nanowires ; silicon carbide ; micro-mechanism ; telecom wavelengths ; nanoparticles ; single-crystal Si nanomembrane (Si NMs) ; nanowires ; localized surface plasmon resonances ; C/C composites ; thin film transistor ; strain engineering ; nanomembranes ; light emitting devices ; quantum photonics ; ultrathin nanowires ; electroluminescence enhancement ; mechanical properties ; group-IV semiconductors ; self-assembly ; silicon ; SiC nanowires ; fluctuating temperature-humidity conditions ; TiO2 insertion layer ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book summarizes the latest developments in the area of human factors test and evaluation methods for automated vehicles. Future vehicles will allow a transition of responsibility from the driver to the automated driving system and vice versa. Drivers will have the opportunity to use a wide variety of different driver assistance systems within the same vehicle. This coexistence of different automation levels creates new challenges in the design of the vehicle’s human–machine interface (HMI), which have to be accounted for by human factors experts, both in industrial design and in academia. This book brings together the latest developments, empirical evaluations and guidelines on various topics, such as the design and evaluation of interior as well as exterior HMIs for automated vehicles, and the assessment of the impact of automated vehicles on non-automated road users and driver state assessment (e.g., fatigue, motion sickness, fallback readiness) during automated driving.
    Keywords: virtual reality ; automated driving ; pedestrians ; decision making ; crossing ; eHMI ; eye-tracking ; attention distribution ; road safety ; driverless vehicles ; behavioural adaptation ; SAE L3 motorway chauffeur ; system usage ; acceptance ; attention ; secondary task ; highly automated driving ; HAD ; takeover ; conditional automation ; intelligent vehicles ; objective complexity ; subjective complexity ; familiarity ; cognitive assistance ; takeover quality ; standardized test procedure ; use cases ; test protocol ; Adaptive HMI ; automotive user interfaces ; driver behaviour ; automated vehicles ; automated driving systems ; HMI ; guidelines ; heuristic evaluation ; checklist ; expert evaluation ; human-machine interface ; mode awareness ; conditionally automated driving ; human–machine interface ; usability ; validity ; method development ; motion sickness ; methodology ; driving comfort ; multi-vehicle simulation ; mixed traffic ; measurement method ; SAE Level 2 ; SAE Level 3 ; human factors ; human machine interface ; controllability ; L3Pilot ; marking automated vehicles ; automated vehicles―human drivers interaction ; explicit communication ; external human-machine interface ; (automated) vehicle–pedestrian interaction ; implicit communication ; Wizard of Oz ; video ; setup comparison/method comparison ; partially automated driving ; non-driving related tasks ; take-over situations ; test protocol development ; user studies (simulator ; closed circuit) ; sleep ; sleep inertia ; HMI design ; external human–machine interface ; interface size ; legibility ; spatiotemporal displays ; sensory augmentation ; reliability display ; uncertainty encoding ; automotive hmi ; human-machine cooperation ; cooperative driver assistance ; state transparency display ; self-driving vehicles ; test methods ; evaluation ; user studies ; driver state ; discomfort ; psychophysiology ; heart-rate variability (HRV) ; skin conductance response (SCR) ; highly automated driving (HAD) ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 139
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The evolution and need for the preservation and maintenance of existing structures, recent or historical, has fostered research in the area of structural monitoring, translated into the development of new techniques, equipment and sensors. Early detection of damage and accurate assessment of structural safety requires monitoring systems, the data from which can be used to calibrate numerical models for structural analysis and to assess safety. Data are obtained under real-time conditions, considering a group of parameters related to structural properties, such as stresses, accelerations, deformations and displacements. The analysis of structural properties is particularly relevant when the structure is subjected to extreme events (earthquakes, wind, fire and explosions, among others) or repeated loads (road/rail/air traffic, vibrations induced by equipment and machines), since they affect the structural integrity and put the users at risk. In order to prevent the severe damage and eventual collapse of structures, and consequent human, material and economic losses, the implementation of monitoring systems becomes a valuable tool for today's society. Monitoring of structures is becoming increasingly important, not only as preventive action, but also due to actual economic and sustainability concerns, to ensure a safer and more comfortable built environment.
    Keywords: image-based measurement ; crack measurement ; shear cracks ; flexural cracks ; damage index ; nuclear power plant ; visual inspection ; photometric stereo ; 3D reconstruction ; rotating stall ; non-synchronous blade vibration ; blade tip timing ; centrifugal compressor ; distributed measurements ; fiber optic sensors ; scour ; soil-structure interaction ; winkler model ; equivalent length ; corrosion sensor ; oil and gas pipelines ; optical fibers ; Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) ; distributed optical fiber strain sensing cable ; Brillouin scattering ; Rayleigh scattering ; strain sensing cable characterization ; elasto-plastic behavior ; strain sensitivity coefficients ; bridge damage detection ; fiber optic gyroscope ; deep learning ; convolutional neural network ; Fiber Bragg grating ; fiber optic sensors embedded in concrete ; strain measurement ; monitoring ; cracking ; weldable fiber optic sensors ; optical fiber sensors ; material extrusion ; hybrid processes ; temperature and strain monitoring ; similarity measure ; subway tunnel ; distributed vibration ; feature extraction ; autoencoder ; ultra-weak FBG ; hyperspectral imaging ; spectral indices ; random forest ; growth stage ; Fusarium head blight ; structural health monitoring ; load localization ; load estimation ; depth sensor ; artificial neural networks ; castigliano’s theorem ; crack detection ; crack opening ; distributed fiber optic sensors ; DIC ; UHPFRC ; testing ; SHM ; microcracking ; PAD ; environmental monitoring ; colorimetric detection ; water ; atmosphere ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 140
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Since the great success of graphene, atomically thin-layered nanomaterials, called two dimensional (2D) materials, have attracted tremendous attention due to their extraordinary physical properties. Specifically, van der Waals heterostructured architectures based on a few 2D materials, named atomic-scale Lego, have been proposed as unprecedented platforms for the implementation of versatile devices with a completely novel function or extremely high-performance, shifting the research paradigm in materials science and engineering. Thus, diverse 2D materials beyond existing bulk materials have been widely studied for promising electronic, optoelectronic, mechanical, and thermoelectric applications. Especially, this Special Issue included the recent advances in the unique preparation methods such as exfoliation-based synthesis and vacuum-based deposition of diverse 2D materials and also their device applications based on interesting physical properties. Specifically, this Editorial consists of the following two parts: Preparation methods of 2D materials and Properties of 2D materials
    Keywords: α-MoO3 ; carbon nitride ; g-C3N4 ; molybdenum trioxide ; nanoplates ; synthesis ; few-layer MoS2 ; magnetron sputtering ; magnetron sputtering power ; raman spectroscopy ; disorder ; V2Se9 ; atomic crystal ; mechanical exfoliation ; scanning Kelvin probe microscopy ; MoS2 ; black phosphorus ; 2D/2D heterojunction ; junction FET ; tunneling diode ; tunneling FET ; band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) ; natural molybdenite ; MoS2 nanosheet ; SiO2 ; liquid exfoliation ; photoelectric properties ; uniaxial strain ; flexible substrate ; film–substrate interaction ; photoluminescence ; Raman spectroscopy ; molybdenum disulfide ; bilayer-stacked structure ; WS2 ; lubricant additives ; tribological properties ; interfacial layer ; contact resistance ; bias stress stability ; saturable absorbers ; Langmuir–Blodgett technique ; Q-switched laser ; chemical vapor deposition ; P2O5 ; p-type conduction ; P-doped MoS2 ; transition metal dichalcogenides ; two-dimensional materials ; ferroelectrics ; 2D heterostructure ; WSe2 ; NbSe2 ; Nb2O5 interlayer ; synapse device ; neuromorphic system ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 141
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Since their discovery, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have received tremendous attention due to their unique electrical, optical, physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. Remarkable advances have been made in the synthesis, purification, structural characterization, functionalization, and application of MWCNTs. Their particular characteristics make them well suited for a plethora of applications in a number of fields, namely nanoelectronics, nanofluids, energy management, (electro)catalysis, materials science, construction of (bio)sensors based on different detection schemes, multifunctional nanoprobes for biomedical imaging, and sorbents for sample preparation or removal of contaminants from wastewater. They are also useful as anti-bacterial agents, drug delivery nanocarriers, etc. The current relevant application areas are countless. This Special Issue presents original research and review articles that address advances, trends, challenges, and future perspectives regarding synthetic routes, structural features, properties, behaviors, and industrial or scientific applications of MWCNTs in established and emerging areas.
    Keywords: T1-995 ; TP155-156 ; graphene oxide ; n/a ; Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) ; elution ; gold nanoparticles ; MHD ; heck reaction ; drug delivery ; carbon-nanotubes ; water based nanofluid ; zeolitic imidazolate framework ; Ionic liquid ; electroanalysis ; curved stretching sheet ; multiwalled carbon nanotubes ; lubricating oil additives ; hydrophobic drugs ; agricultural irrigation water ; polarity ; cerium oxide ; adsorption ; electrical properties ; non-linear thermal radiation ; electrochemical properties ; nanomaterials ; radar absorbing materials ; chloride diffusion ; RAFT polymerization ; synthesis methods ; gold(III) ; mechanical properties ; dissolution rate ; carbon materials ; electrochemical sensors ; magnetic solid phase extraction ; silicone rubber ; Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube (SWCNT) ; Pd-CNT nanohybrids ; kinetics ; nonylphenol ; boundary layer ; Casson model ; sensing applications ; organochlorine pesticides ; composites ; multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) ; polymeric composites ; carbon nanotubes ; structural ; azide-alkyne click chemistry ; functionalized carbon nanotubes ; heat generation ; EMI shielding ; gold(I) ; cement mortars ; semi-homogeneous catalysis ; functionalized CNTs ; nanomedicine ; multi-walled carbon nanotubes ; numerical solution ; PMMA ; HAM ; complex permittivity ; thermal radiation ; stretching sheet ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book presents collective works published in the recent Special Issue (SI) entitled "Aero/Hydrodynamics and Symmetry". These works address the existence of symmetry and its breakdown in aero-/hydro-dynamics and their related applications. The presented problems are complex nonlinear, non-Newtonian fluid flow problems that are (in some cases) coupled with heat transfer, phase change, nanofluidic, and magnetohydrodynamics phenomena. The applications vary and range from polymer chain transfer in micro-channel to the evaluation of vertical axis wind turbines, as well as autonomous underwater hovering vehicles. Recent advances in numerical, theoretical, and experimental methodologies, as well as finding new physics, new methodological developments, and their limitations are presented within the scope of the current book. Among others, in the presented works, special attention is paid to validation and improving the accuracy of the presented methodologies. This book brings together a collection of inter-/multi-disciplinary works applied to many engineering applications in a coherent manner.
    Keywords: Savonius vertical axis wind turbine ; horizontal overlap ratio ; vertical overlap ratio ; torque coefficient ; power coefficient ; Advection–diffusion ; fractional derivative ; concentrated source ; integral transform ; Burgers’ fluid ; velocity field ; shear stress ; Laplace transform ; modified Bessel function ; Stehfest’s algorithm ; MATHCAD ; electroosmotic flow ; power law fluid ; nanoparticles ; MHD ; entropy generation ; convergence analysis ; residual error ; autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) ; airborne-launched AUV ; autonomous underwater hovering vehicle (AUH) ; water entry impact force ; computational fluid dynamics (CFD) ; two-phase flow ; Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) ; Autonomous Underwater Hovering Vehicle (AUH) ; hydrodynamic interaction ; response amplitude operator (RAO) ; wave effects ; symmetric flying wing ; plasma flow control ; energy ; stall ; dimensionless frequency ; particle image velocimetry ; SA–NaAlg fluid ; porosity ; fractional model ; Atangana–Baleanu derivative ; large eddy simulation ; subgrid scale model ; diffuser ; dynamic one equation model ; Vreman model ; separation ; heat conduction ; non-fourier ; solution structure theorems ; superposition approach ; Buongiorno model ; unsteady flow ; nanoliquid ; special third-grade liquid ; non-linear thermal radiation ; magneto hydro-dynamics (MHD) ; dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) ; Hartmann number (Ha-value) ; harmony bond coefficient or spring constant (K) ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 143
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Multiscale entropy (MSE) measures to evaluate the complexity of time series by taking into account the multiple time scales in physical systems were proposed in the early 2000s. Since then, these approaches have received a great deal of attention and have been used in a wide range of applications. Multivariate approaches have also been developed. The algorithms for an MSE approach are composed of two main steps: (i) a coarse-graining procedure to represent the system’s dynamics on different scales and (ii) the entropy computation for the original signal and for the coarse-grained time series to evaluate the irregularity for each scale. Moreover, different entropy measures have been associated with the coarse-graining approach, each one having its advantages and drawbacks. In this Special Issue, we gathered 24 papers focusing on either the theory or applications of MSE approaches. These papers can be divided into two groups: papers that propose new developments in entropy-based measures or improve the understanding of existing ones (9 papers) and papers that propose new applications of existing entropy-based measures (14 papers). Moreover, one paper presents a review of cross-entropy methods and their multiscale approaches.
    Keywords: electrocardiogram ; heart rate variability ; multiscale distribution entropy ; RR interval ; short-term inter-beat interval ; Alzheimer disease ; functional near infra-red spectroscopy ; signal complexity ; clock drawing test ; digit span test ; corsi block tapping test ; structural health monitoring ; multi-scale ; composite cross-sample entropy ; PD ; fault diagnosis ; variational mode decomposition ; multi-scale dispersion entropy ; HMSVM ; multiscale entropy ; embodied media ; tele-communication ; humanoid ; prefrontal cortex ; human behavior ; complexity ; page view ; sample entropy ; Wikipedia ; missing values ; physiological data ; medical information ; postural stability index ; stability states ; ensemble empirical mode decomposition ; gait ; Multiscale Permutation Entropy ; ordinal patterns ; estimator variance ; Cramér–Rao Lower Bound ; finite-length signals ; nonlinear dynamics ; multiscale indices ; cardiac risk stratification ; Holter ; long term monitoring ; multifractal spectrum ; multiscale time irreversibility ; predictability ; multiscale analysis ; entropy rate ; memory effect ; financial time series ; entropy ; cardiac autonomic neuropathy ; diabetes ; mental workload ; motif ; multi-scale entropy ; permutation entropy ; HRV ; SVM ; multivariate multiscale dispersion entropy ; multivariate time series ; electroencephalogram ; magnetoencephalogram ; CPD ; EEG ; sleep staging ; tensor decomposition ; preterm neonate ; bearing fault diagnosis ; weak fault ; multi-component signal ; local robust principal component analysis ; multi-scale permutation entropy ; brain complexity ; dynamic functional connectivity ; edge complexity ; fluid intelligence ; node complexity ; resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging ; aging ; consolidation ; default mode network ; episodic memory ; fMRI ; network complexity ; resting state ; copula density ; dependency structures ; Voronoi decomposition ; ambient temperature ; telemetry ; systolic blood pressure ; pulse interval ; thermoregulation ; vasopressin ; center of pressure ; falls ; postural control ; cross-entropy ; multiscale cross-entropy ; asynchrony ; coupling ; cross-sample entropy ; cross-approximate entropy ; cross-distribution entropy ; cross-fuzzy entropy ; cross-conditional entropy ; eye movement events detection ; nonlinear analysis time series analysis ; approximate entropy ; fuzzy entropy ; multilevel entropy map ; time-scale decomposition ; heart sound ; ICEEMDAN ; RCMDE ; Fisher ratio ; biometric characterization ; multi-scale entropy (MSE) ; vector autoregressive fractionally integrated (VARFI) models ; heart rate variability (HRV) ; systolic arterial pressure (SAP) ; multivariate data ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In this Special Issue of Sensors, seven peer-reviewed manuscripts appear on the topic of ultrasonic transducer design and operation in harsh environments: elevated temperature, high gamma and neutron radiation fields, or the presence of aggressive chemicals. Motivations for these research and development projects are strongly focused on nuclear power plant inspections (particularly liquid-sodium cooled reactors), and nondestructive testing of high-temperature piping installations. It is anticipated that extensive use of permanently mounted robust transducers for in-service monitoring of petrochemical plants and power generations stations; quality control in manufacturing plants; and primary and secondary process monitoring in the fabrication of engineering materials will soon be made.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; PMN-PT ; neutron irradiation ; TUCSS ; L-waves ; field-deployable sensor ; structural health monitoring ; ultrasonic ; piezoelectric wafer active sensor ; nondestructive testing ; high-temperature monitoring ; FBR ; gallium phosphate ; NDT (Non Destructive Testing) ; inspection ; guided wave ; elevated temperature ; imaging ; sodium ; pressurized water reactor fuel rods ; high-temperature ultrasonic testing ; ultrasonic transducer ; dry coupling ; reactor ; lithium niobate ; non-destructive evaluation ; guided-wave send–receive ; spray-on transducers ; NDE ; piezoelectric ; harsh environment ; R ; EMAT sensor ; piezocomposites ; ISI&amp ; SFR ; NDT ; liquid sodium ; thickness shear ; Phased Array ; NDE (Non Destructive Evaluation) ; ultrasound ; high temperature ; radiation ; radiation resistance ; in-service inspection ; nuclear power plants ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Energy consumption and economic growth have been of great interest to researchers and policy-makers. Knowing the actual causal relationship between energy and the economy with respect to environmental degradation has important implications for modeling environmental and growth policies. The eleven chapters included herein aim to help researchers, academicians, and especially decision-makers to understand relevant issues and adopt appropriate methods to tackle and solve relevant environmental problems. Various methods from different disciplines are proposed and applied to various environmental and energy issues.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; expected utility maximization ; decoupling theory ; urban utility tunnel ; sensitivity analysis ; environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) ; economic systems ; structural decomposition analysis ; thermodynamic cycles ; sustainable wind energy management ; environmental engineering ; energy commodities ; hedging strategies ; energy consumption ; industrialization ; energy ; waste ; Analytic Hierarchy Process ; panel data ; rank reversal ; economy ; industrial CO2 emission ; sustainability ; sustainable development ; energy-related carbon emissions ; Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis ; Shapley value ; Kaya identity ; circular economy ; minimum-variance hedge ratio ; MESSAGE model ; fixed assets investment ; life cycle cost ; Analytic Network Process ; environmental efficiency ; Pakistan ; data envelopment analysis ; embodied energy ; carbon emissions ; district distributed power plants ; economic benefit evaluation ; differential GMM estimation ; linearization ; effectiveness ; dynamic hybrid input–output model ; environment quality cointegration ; cost allocation ; risk aversion ; environment ; 3E ; financial development ; LMDI approach ; differential games ; energy recovery ; resource dependence theory ; open-loop control systems ; Tapio decoupling model ; uncertain dynamic systems ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Computing systems are undergoing a transformation from logic-centric towards memory-centric architectures, where overall performance and energy efficiency at the system level are determined by the density, performance, functionality and efficiency of the memory, rather than the logic sub-system.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; image classification ; bipolar resistive switching characteristics ; bioelectronic devices ; self-directed channel (SDC) ; programmable ramp-down current pulses ; nanoparticles ; protein ; DRAM ; convolutional neural networks ; silicon oxide-based memristors ; electrochemical metallization cell ; magnetic tunnel junction ; power gating ; resistance switching mechanism ; BCH ; Fast Fourier Transform ; nucleic acid ; biomemory ; conductive filament ; resistive random access memory (RRAM) ; non-von Neumann architecture ; emerging technologies ; Galois field ; variability ; logic-in-memory ; charge spreading ; memristor ; Hebbian training ; crossbar ; quantum point contact ; SONOS ; bionanohybrid material ; ECG ; neuromorphic computing ; CUDA ; low-latency ; iBM ; Oxygen-related trap ; nonvolatile memory ; phase change memory ; floating gate ; non-von neumann architecture ; 3D-stacked ; STT-MRAM ; solution-based dielectric ; GPU ; Internet of things ; configurable logic-in-memory architecture ; memory wall ; biologic gate ; synaptic weight ; guide training ; ion conduction ; perpendicular Nano Magnetic Logic (pNML) ; Weibull distribution ; real-time system ; in-DRAM cache ; task placement ; dynamic voltage scaling ; MCU (microprogrammed control unit) ; wire resistance ; multi-level cell ; chalcogenide ; decoder ; character recognition ; matrix-vector multiplication ; hybrid ; magnetoresistive random access memory ; blockchain ; electrochemical metallization (ECM) ; RISC-V ; U-shape recessed channel ; neuromorphic system ; in-memory computing ; crossbar array ; associative processor ; low-power ; plasma treatment ; voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy ; flash memory ; resistive memory ; analogue computing ; bioprocessor ; annealing temperatures ; data retention ; flip-flop ; low-power technique ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This volume consists of a collection of 14 accepted submissions (including several invited feature articles) to the Special Issue of MDPI's journal Symmetry on the general subject area of integral transformations, operational calculus and their applications from many different parts around the world. The main objective of the Special Issue was to gather review, expository, and original research articles dealing with the state-of-the-art advances in integral transformations and operational calculus as well as their multidisciplinary applications, together with some relevance to the aspect of symmetry. Various families of fractional-order integrals and derivatives have been found to be remarkably important and fruitful, mainly due to their demonstrated applications in numerous diverse and widespread areas of mathematical, physical, chemical, engineering, and statistical sciences. Many of these fractional-order operators provide potentially useful tools for solving ordinary and partial differential equations, as well as integral, differintegral, and integro-differential equations; fractional-calculus analogues and extensions of each of these equations; and various other problems involving special functions of mathematical physics and applied mathematics, as well as their extensions and generalizations in one or more variables.
    Keywords: Stancu-type Bernstein operators ; Bézier bases ; Voronovskaja-type theorems ; modulus of continuity ; rate of convergence ; bivariate operators ; approximation properties ; statistical convergence ; P-convergent ; statistically and relatively modular deferred-weighted summability ; relatively modular deferred-weighted statistical convergence ; Korovkin-type approximation theorem ; modular space ; convex space ; N-quasi convex modular ; N-quasi semi-convex modular ; vehicle collaborative content downloading ; fuzzy comprehensive evaluation ; VANET ; delay differential equations ; integral operator ; periodic solutions ; subordinations ; exponential function ; Hankel determinant ; fractional differential equations with input ; Mittag-Leffler stability ; left generalized fractional derivative ; ρ-Laplace transforms ; functional integral equations ; Banach algebra ; fixed point theorem ; measure of noncompactness ; Geometric Function Theory ; q-integral operator ; q-starlike functions of complex order ; q-convex functions of complex order ; (δ,q)-neighborhood ; meromorphic multivalent starlike functions ; subordination ; univalent function ; symmetric differential operator ; unit disk ; analytic function ; analytic functions ; conic region ; Hadamard product ; differential subordination ; differential superordination ; generalized fractional differintegral operator ; Convex function ; Simpson’s rule ; differentiable function ; weights ; positive integral operators ; convolution operators ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: HVAC systems, load shifting, indoor climate, and energy and ventilation performance analyses are the key topics when improving energy performance in new and renovated buildings. This development has been boosted by the recently established nearly zero energy building requirements that will soon be in use in all EU Member States, as well as similar long-term zero energy building targets in Japan, the US, and other countries. The research covered in this Special Issue provides evidence of how new technical solutions have worked, in practice, in new or renovated buildings, and also discusses problems and how solutions should be further developed. Another focus is on the more detailed calculation methods needed for the correct design and sizing of dedicated systems, and for accurate quantification of energy savings. Occupant behavior and building operation is also examined, in order to avoid common performance gaps between calculated and measured performance. These topics demonstrate the challenge of high performance buildings as, in the end, comfortable buildings with good indoor climate which are easy and cheap to operate and maintain are expected by end customers. Ventilation performance, heating and cooling, sizing, energy predictions and optimization, load shifting, and field studies are some of the key topics in this Special Issue, contributing to the future of high performance buildings with reliable operation.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; indoor air quality ; stratification ; chiller plants ; alternate operation ; displacement ventilation ; draught rate ; building ; indoor temperature after renovation ; DHW heating ; daylight factor ; energy ; energy performance modeling ; hybrid displacement device ; building energy modelling ; energy performance of buildings directive ; condenser evaporative precooling ; DHW energy use ; heating mode ; ground source heat pump ; personalized ventilation ; daylight ; existing buildings ; optimal energy management ; cooling ; mixing ventilation ; daylight survey ; user behavior ; local air change effectiveness ; basketball hall ; CFD ; sizing ; electricity use ; control strategy ; HVAC systems ; ventilation ; occupant behavior ; smart readiness indicator ; energy signature ; standard use ; building energy simulation ; outdoor air ; monitoring measurements ; COP ; qualitative control ; wind pressure ; decentralized ventilation unit ; field measurement ; thermal comfort ; student dormitories ; data-driven analysis ; energy performance ; daylight simulations ; air jet ; ISO 52016-1 ; multiple sensor nodes ; downdraught ; energy efficiency ; building pressure condition ; meteorological reanalysis data ; ISO 7730 ; thermal analysis ; Monte Carlo method ; corner impinging jet ; greenhouse ; Pro-GET-onE H2020 ; in situ measurements ; smart buildings ; skin temperature ; retirement home ; demand side management ; indoor climate ; user input data ; Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) ; ventilation renovation ; tracer gas ; gray box ; Jaya algorithm ; single room ventilation unit ; satellite-based solar radiation data ; chiller performance ; rooftop air conditioners ; smart grid ; TRNSYS ; stack effect ; space heating ; energy flexibility ; corner mixing ventilation ; load shifting ; heating power ; air exchange effectiveness ; indoor temperature uniformity ; demand response ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The most important environmental challenge today's society is facing is to reduce the effects of CO2 emissions and global warming. Such an ambitious challenge can only be achieved through a holistic approach, capable of tackling the problem from a multidisciplinary point of view. One of the core technologies called to play a critical role in this approach is the use of energy storage systems. These systems enable, among other things, the balancing of the stochastic behavior of Renewable Sources and Distributed Generation in modern Energy Systems; the efficient supply of industrial and consumer loads; the development of efficient and clean transport; and the development of Nearly-Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB) and intelligent cities. Hybrid Energy Storage Systems (HESS) consist of two (or more) storage devices with complementary key characteristics, that are able to behave jointly with better performance than any of the technologies considered individually. Recent developments in storage device technologies, interface systems, control and monitoring techniques, or visualization and information technologies have driven the implementation of HESS in many industrial, commercial and domestic applications. This Special Issue focuses on the analysis, design and implementation of hybrid energy storage systems across a broad spectrum, encompassing different storage technologies (including electrochemical, capacitive, mechanical or mechanical storage devices), engineering branches (power electronics and control strategies; energy engineering; energy engineering; chemistry; modelling, simulation and emulation techniques; data analysis and algorithms; social and economic analysis; intelligent and Internet-of-Things (IoT) systems; and so on.), applications (energy systems, renewable energy generation, industrial applications, transportation, Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS) and critical load supply, etc.) and evaluation and performance (size and weight benefits, efficiency and power loss, economic analysis, environmental costs, etc.).
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; high gain converters ; power systems modeling ; load flow analysis ; pumped storage ; shipboard power systems ; storage ; hybrid energy storage systems (HESSs) ; buck-boost converter ; state of charge ; active power control ; rail transportation power systems ; lithium-ion batteries ; microgrids ; energy storage ; microgrid ; power-line signaling ; battery energy storage system (BESS) ; power electronic converters ; single-phase ; load modeling ; ultracapacitors ; smart home (SH) ; fault ride-through capability ; renewable energy sources ; battery management system ; multiport ; photovoltaic ; fuel cell (FC) ; DC power systems ; hybrid ; energy storage system ; micro combined heat and power (micro-CHP) system ; power quality ; solar photovoltaic ; electric vehicle (EV) ; energy storage technologies ; hybrid storage systems ; real coded genetic algorithm (RCGA) ; storage operation and maintenance costs ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The combination of functional polymers with inorganic nanostructured compounds has become a major area of research and technological development owing to the remarkable properties and multifunctionalities deriving from their nano and hybrid structures. In this context, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSSs) have increasing importance and a dominant position with respect to the reinforcement of polymeric materials. Although POSSs were first described in 1946 by Scott, these materials, however, have not immediately been successful if we consider that, starting from 1946 and up to 1995, we find in the literature 85 manuscripts regarding POSSs; which means that less than two papers per year were published over 50 years. Since 1995, we observe an exponential growth of scientific manuscripts concerning POSSs. It is changing from an annual average of 20 manuscripts for the period 1995–2000 to an annual average of about 400 manuscripts, with an increase of 2800%. The introduction of POSSs inorganic nanostructures into polymers gives rise to polymer nanostructured materials (PNMs) with interesting mechanical and physical properties, thus representing a radical alternative to the traditional filled polymers or polymer compositions.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; graphene oxide ; n/a ; lithium ion battery ; liquefied ; polypropylene ; silsesquioxanes ; self-assembly behaviors ; nanocomposites ; Octavinyl-POSS ; polyimide ; thermal properties ; polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-based ionic liquids ; aqueous self-assembly ; bi-functional POSS ; blends ; low refractive material ; cellular structure ; mechanism analysis ; morphology ; flame retardant ; hydrogels ; mercapto-modified ; damping ; POSS nanoparticles ; phthalonitrile polymers ; mechanical properties ; flame-retardant mechanism ; thiol-ene ‘click’ reaction ; POSS ; poly(?-caprolactone) ; siloxane-silsesquioxane resins ; polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) ; surface properties ; fluoropolymer ; thiol–ene “click” reaction ; Monomethacryloxy POSS ; monodisperse ; thermogravimetry ; OLEDs ; fluorescent sensors ; double-decker-shaped silsesquioxane (DDSQ) ; dielectric constant ; composites ; organic-inorganic hybrids ; poly(?-caprolactone) nanocomposite ; POSS-based copolymer ; organic-inorganic crosslinking ; optoelectronics ; flame retardancy ; cone calorimeter tests ; lauryl methacrylate ; octa-ammonium POSS ; nitroaromatic explosives ; phthalonitrile-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane copolymers ; cyanate ester ; thermoplastic polyurethane ; sodium alginate ; giant surfactant ; benzoxazine ; thermal stability ; temperature responsiveness ; polymerization kinetics ; mechanical performance ; Si@C anode ; ridgid polyurethane foams ; epoxy resin ; grafting synthesis ; direct synthesis ; filler ; bridged silsesquioxane ; hydrophobic modification ; dispersion ; polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes ; anchor effect ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Reciprocating internal combustion engines (RICEs) are the most robust and efficient machines to cover ground and marine transport demands. Worldwide road transport and off-road power needs will continue being successfully satisfied by this type of thermofluid machines in the short- to mid-term. Alternatives are still immature to both effectively deal with global warming and offer the performance expected by customers. Governmental regulations are wisely limiting more and more greenhouse gases (CO2) and any harmful emissions; forcing engineering and scientific communities to push the efficiency and to reduce the pollution from RICEs, until they are eventually limited to below the background. This scenario has offered exciting opportunities in the last few years to engineers and researchers to investigate new ideas and technologies. The second revolution of the RICEs is here: Direct injection, multi-reactivity fuels, gases aftertreatment, and turbocharging are presently the baseline to further progress. These techniques are offering an extraordinarily high level of control of emissions in any operative condition. A change in paradigms is surprising the engineers with figures of efficiency overcoming the limits day after day. This book compiles a selection of research papers discussing critical aspects related to the new generation of RICEs.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing (JMMP) aims to provide an international forum for the documentation and dissemination of recent, original, and significant research studies in the analysis of processes, equipment, systems, and materials related to material heat treatment, solidification, deformation, addition, removal, welding, and accretion for the industrial fabrication and production of parts, components, and products. The JMMP was established in 2017 and has published more than 300 contributions. It has been listed in the ESCI, Inspec (IET), and Scopus (Elsevier). In celebration of the anniversary of the JMMP, the Editorial Office has put together this Special Issue, which includes several representative papers that reflect the vibrant growth and dynamic trend of research in this field.
    Keywords: metal additive manufacturing ; analytical model ; temperature prediction ; FEA ; melt pool geometry ; sustainability ; bimetallic object ; cutting force ; uncertainty ; machining power ; precision injection molding ; quality control ; process monitoring ; process fingerprint ; product fingerprint ; flexible abrasive tools ; finishing ; rounding edge ; superalloys ; coordinate metrology ; on-machine measurement ; ball dome artefact ; calibration ; machine tool ; additive manufacturing ; laser powder bed fusion ; process optimization ; orthogonal cutting ; brittle materials ; cohesive elements ; nickel-based superalloys ; high temperature mechanical properties ; creep resistance ; fatigue ; SLM ; AlSi10Mg ; post treatment ; residual stress ; surface roughness ; discrete element method ; seed cracks ; meso-micro machining ; micro abrasive-waterjet technology ; stacking cutting ; micro milling ; taper compensation ; flexure ; subtractive machining ; additive machining ; micrograph ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Mathematical ecology is an area of applied mathematics concerned with the application of mathematical concepts, tools and techniques, usually in the form of mathematical models, to problems arising in population dynamics, ecology and evolution. This Special Issue is designed to provide a snapshot of the state of the art in mathematical ecology. Topics of interest are (in no particular order) biological invasions, biological control, ecological pattern formation, ecologically relevant multiscale models, food webs, individual movement and dispersal, eco-epidemiology, evolutionary ecology, agroecosystems, regime shifts and early warning signals, synchronization and chaos. The list is inclusive rather than exclusive, and a few other relevant topics will also be considered.
    Keywords: QA1-939 ; QH540-549.5 ; QC1-999 ; random walks ; chaos ; individual animal movement ; biodiversity ; environmental stochasticity ; fragmented environment ; dispersal ; biological control ; competition ; nonlocal consumption ; biological invasions ; immune response ; food web ; eco-epidemiology ; prey-predator ; mathematical genealogy ; Levy walks ; ecosystem engineers ; pattern formation ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Worldwide, electricity systems are evolving to adapt to a low-carbon economy in which increasingly more renewable energy resources are being integrated. These changes, in turn, make the development of new methods, tools, and approaches to deal with the operation and planning of electricity systems necessary. On the other hand, new regulations must be developed in order to deal with a wide integration of renewable and distributed energy resources, both from a generation and a network (transmission and distribution) perspective. Furthermore, the natural gas sector is going through significant transformation related mainly to both technological advances and strategic policy decisions. While there is great uncertainty in the future of natural gas within the global energy matrix, it is clear that it will play a major role during the next years as a bridge fuel towards a decarbonized economy. In this context, natural gas systems are undergoing deep transformations, necessitating the development of new tools to operate and plan gas systems as well as new approaches to regulate them. This book, therefore, seeks to contribute to the energy transformation agenda through original contributions focused on both power and natural gas systems, addressing innovative operation and planning methods as well as regulation of both energy systems.
    Keywords: industrial park integrated energy system ; expansion planning ; natural gas price uncertainty ; regret aversion ; min–max regret value ; distributed solar PV ; financial analysis ; net-energy metering ; investor-owned utility ; earnings ; return on equity ; retail rates ; ratepayer bills ; natural-gas market ; electricity market ; equilibrium analysis ; gas markets ; game theory-Cournot model ; records theory ; entropy ; information theory ; electricity markets ; feasible operation ; medium-term representation ; optimization models ; power systems ; thermal generation ; unit commitment ; portfolio ; portfolio management ; risk ; risk assessment ; energy trading ; power purchase agreements ; PPA ; copula ; wholesale electricity markets ; market design ; bidding formats ; pricing rules ; renewable energy sources ; day-ahead electricity markets ; electricity price forecasting ; fundamental-econometric models ; market structural breaks ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book is a comprehensive set of articles reflecting on the application of symbolic and/or numerical computation in a range of scientific areas within the fields of engineering and science. These articles constitute extended versions of communications presented at the 4th International Conference on Numerical and Symbolic Computation—SYMCOMP 2019—that took place in Porto, Portugal, from 11 to 12 April 2019 The different chapters present diverse perspectives on the existing effective connections between mathematical methods and procedures and other knowledge areas. The intrinsic multidisciplinary character is visible throughout the whole book as a result of the applicability of the scope and the applications considered. The reader will find this book to be a useful resource for identifying problems of interest in different engineering and science areas, and in the development of mathematical models and procedures used in the context of prediction or verification computational tools as well as in the aided-learning/teaching context. This book is a must-read for anyone interested in the recent developments and applications of symbolic and numerical computation for a number of multidisciplinary engineering and science problems.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book covers applied research on smart energy systems, smart grids, smart energy homes, smart energy products and services, and the advanced applications thereof, in the context of demand response and grid interactions. In particular, this book is focused on interdisciplinary research results that combine technical, social, environmental, and economic aspects of smart energy systems and smart energy products. Moreover, several chapters are based on the evaluation of real life cases, energy pilots, prototypes of smart energy products, and end user surveys and interviews.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; load duration curve ; n/a ; ancillary services ; electricity pricing ; renewable energy ; consumption patterns ; smart home technology ; self-consumption ; solar charging ; smart appliances ; spatial and temporal aggregation ; energy products and services ; solar mobility ; dynamic pricing ; frequency containment reserve ; heat pumps ; users ; FCR ; renewable energy transition ; privacy protection ; end-users ; self-sufficiency ; energy system analysis ; reliability ; photovoltaic systems ; stakeholders ; uncertainty ; smart grids ; flexibility ; prosumer ; demand shifting ; resonance instability ; energy management ; grid-connected inverter ; electricity market ; demand management ; smart metering ; photovoltaic ; aggregator ; smart product design ; internal attack ; pseudo-random function ; power quality ; power systems simulation ; demand response ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The quality of water is not only a technological and scientific issue, but a social and economic problem, in both developed and developing countries. Besides local regulations, which differ between regions and need constant upgrades, significant scientific developments are required in both the detection and removal of water contaminants. This Issue focuses on some recent advancements in the photocatalytic removal of organic pollutants, which is one of the aspects of the problem that involves the need of advanced catalysts and implies significant advancements in the field of materials science and chemical engineering.
    Keywords: indigo carmine ; resin ; Dielectric Barrier Discharge ; adsorption ; regeneration ; anatase/brookite biphasic ; nitrogen-doping ; sol-gel method ; visible light photocatalysis ; degradation of dyes ; polyaniline ; titanium dioxide ; copper(II) oxide ; cobalt oxide(II,III) ; photocatalytic fuel cell ; graphitic carbon nitride ; Fe doping ; Z-scheme ; strontium aluminates ; dye photodecomposition ; hydrothermal reaction ; sol–gel method ; phosphorescence ; photocatalytic decomposition of rhodamine B ; MIL-53(Fe) ; Ni/Fe-MOF ; visible light irradiation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Electric power systems are headed for a true changing of the guard, due to the urgent need for achieving sustainable energy delivery. Fortunately, the development of new technologies is driving the transition of power systems toward a carbon-free paradigm while maintaining the current standards of quality, efficiency, and resilience. The introduction of HVDC and FACTS in the 20th century, taking advantage of dramatic improvements in power electronics and control, gave rise to unprecedented levels of flexibility and speed of response in comparison with traditional electromechanical devices. This flexibility is nowadays required more than ever in order to solve a puzzle with pieces that do not always fit perfectly. This Special Issue aims to address the role that FACTS and HVDC systems can play in helping electric power systems face the challenges of the near future.
    Keywords: VSC-HVDC ; unbalanced grid conditions ; double frequency ripples ; power compensation ; passive-based control ; disturbance observer ; dynamic capacitor ; inductive unbalanced load ; reactive power compensation ; imbalance suppression ; compensation ability ; HVDC transmission ; hybrid multi-terminal HVDC ; LCC ; MTDC ; power system analysis ; VSC ; breakers ; hybrid DC circuit breaker ; fault current limiters ; non-superconducting fault current limiters ; current-limiting inductors ; voltage source converter ; FACTS ; grid services ; CHIL ; PHIL ; lab testing ; field testing ; standards ; STATCOM ; replica ; review ; korean power system ; subsynchronous resonance (SSR) ; synchronous voltage reversal (SVR) ; thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) ; test signal method ; virtual synchronous machine ; synchronous power controller ; power quality ; harmonics ; hybrid power quality compensation system ; the thyristor-controlled L and C-type filter (TCL-CTF) ; ancillary services ; HVDC systems ; loss management ; frequency control ; voltage and reactive power control ; black start ; congestion management ; distribution networks ; hybrid AC/DC networks ; power systems ; high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission ; HVDC systems based on voltage source converters (VSC-HVDC) ; multi-terminal ; transient stability ; control strategies ; communication latency ; power oscillations ; UPFC ; non-linear control ; neural network ; model reference control ; High voltage direct current (HVDC) ; continuous commutation failures ; DC blocking ; emergency power support ; stability ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The electric power sector is poised for transformative changes. Improvements in the cost and performance of a range of distributed energy generation (DG) technologies and the potential for breakthroughs in distributed energy storage (DS) are creating new options for onsite power generation and storage, driving increasing adoption and impacting utility distribution system operations. In addition, changing uses and use patterns for electricity—from plug-in electric vehicles (EVs) to demand response (DR)—are altering demands placed on the electric power system. Finally, the infusion of new information and communications technology (ICT) into the electric system and its markets is enabling the collection of immense volumes of data on power sector operations and use; unprecedented control of generation, networks, and loads; and new opportunities for the delivery of energy services. In this Special Issue of Energies, research papers on topics related to the integration of distributed energy resources (DG, DS, EV, and DR) are included. From technologies to software tools to system-wide evaluations, the impacts of all aforementioned distributed resources on both operation and planning are examined.
    Keywords: machine learning ; microgrids ; optimisation methods ; power systems ; reinforcement learning ; high penetration ; renewable energy ; adaptability planning ; source-grid coordination ; renewable electricity distribution for public space ; sustainability assessment model ; integrated assessment for public space ; tripartite altruism ; urban renewable energy ; ecological infrastructures ; Micro-grids ; continuity of supply ; power distribution ; power system planning ; decentralized control ; small hydropower plants ; microgrid ; emergency control ; recloser ; synchronous coupler ; power systems stability ; power system operation ; power system security ; renewable energy integration ; load flow analysis ; congestion management ; distributed generation curtailment ; demand side management ; demand response ; cyber-physical systems ; dynamic pricing ; load forecasting ; attack detection ; photovoltaics ; distributed energy resources (DERs) ; grid impact ; power quality ; low-voltage distribution network ; inverter regulation ; electric vehicles ; uncontrolled charging ; delayed charging ; controlled charging ; V2G ; V2B ; V2H ; peak shaving ; valley filling ; renewable energy sources ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The depletion of fossil fuels, the increase of energy demands, and the concerns over climate change are the major driving forces for the development of renewable energy, such as solar energy and wind power. However, the intermittency of renewable energy has hindered the deployment of large-scale intermittent renewable energy, which, therefore, has necessitated the development of advanced large-scale energy storage technologies. The use of large-scale energy storage can effectively improve the efficiency of energy resource utilization, and increase the use of variable renewable resources, the energy access, and the end-use sector electrification (e.g., electrification of transport sector). This Special Issue will provide a platform for presenting the latest research results on the technology development of large-scale energy storage. We welcome research papers about theoretical, methodological and empirical studies, as well as review papers, that provide critical overview on the state of the art of technologies. This special issue is open to all types of energy, such as thermal energy, mechanical energy, electrical energy and chemical energy, using different types of systems, such as phase change materials, batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, compressed air, etc., which are applicable to various types of applications, such as heat and power generation, electrical/hybrid transportation, etc.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; Phase change material ; Ultracapacitor ; Compressed air ; Battery ; Electric vehicles ; Thermal energy storage ; Management System Heat transfer enhancement ; Fuel cell ; Energy storage ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Flexible Electronics platforms are increasingly used in the fields of sensors, displays, and energy conversion with the ultimate goal of facilitating their ubiquitous integration in our daily lives. Some of the key advantages associated with flexible electronic platforms are: bendability, lightweight, elastic, conformally shaped, nonbreakable, roll-to-roll manufacturable, and large-area. To realize their full potential, however, it is necessary to develop new methods for the fabrication of multifunctional flexible electronics at a reduced cost and with an increased resistance to mechanical fatigue. Accordingly, this Special Issue seeks to showcase short communications, research papers, and review articles that focus on novel methodological development for the fabrication, and integration of flexible electronics in healthcare, environmental monitoring, displays and human-machine interactivity, robotics, communication and wireless networks, and energy conversion, management, and storage.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; TK1-9971 ; T1-995 ; hydrophobic paper ; n/a ; conformal design ; stretchability ; stretchable circuits ; long-term plasticity ; tunnel encapsulation ; bio-integrated devices ; epidermal sensors ; artificial synapses ; droplet circuits ; stretchable electronics ; island-bridge ; bottom-up approaches ; liquid metal ; feedback control ; durability ; dry/wet conditions ; solution electronics ; nano-fabrication ; surface plasmon-polariton (SPP) ; electronic measurements ; Polyvinyl Alcohol ; wireless power ; quantum tunneling effect ; low-cost manufacture ; non-developable surface ; top-down approaches ; reliability ; microwave photonics ; tissue adhesives ; temperature sensor ; brain-like intelligence ; electron transport ; wearable stimulators ; variable optical attenuator (VOA) ; ionic conduction ; design metrics ; flexible electronics ; flexible organic electronics ; soft biological tissue ; neuromorphic computing ; wearable heater ; quantum computing ; epidermal electronics ; tunable adhesion ; paper electronics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book contains the latest research on machine learning and embedded computing in advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). It encompasses research in detection, tracking, LiDAR
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; FPGA ; recurrence plot (RP) ; residual learning ; neural networks ; driver monitoring ; navigation ; depthwise separable convolution ; optimization ; dynamic path-planning algorithms ; object tracking ; sub-region ; cooperative systems ; convolutional neural networks ; DSRC ; VANET ; joystick ; road scene ; convolutional neural network (CNN) ; multi-sensor ; p-norm ; occlusion ; crash injury severity prediction ; deep leaning ; squeeze-and-excitation ; electric vehicles ; perception in challenging conditions ; T-S fuzzy neural network ; total vehicle mass of the front vehicle ; electrocardiogram (ECG) ; communications ; generative adversarial nets ; camera ; adaptive classifier updating ; Vehicle-to-X communications ; convolutional neural network ; predictive ; Geobroadcast ; infinity norm ; urban object detector ; machine learning ; automated-manual transition ; red light-running behaviors ; photoplethysmogram (PPG) ; panoramic image dataset ; parallel architectures ; visual tracking ; autopilot ; ADAS ; kinematic control ; GPU ; road lane detection ; obstacle detection and classification ; Gabor convolution kernel ; autonomous vehicle ; Intelligent Transport Systems ; driving decision-making model ; Gaussian kernel ; autonomous vehicles ; enhanced learning ; ethical and legal factors ; kernel based MIL algorithm ; image inpainting ; fusion ; terrestrial vehicle ; driverless ; drowsiness detection ; map generation ; object detection ; interface ; machine vision ; driving assistance ; blind spot detection ; deep learning ; relative speed ; autonomous driving assistance system ; discriminative correlation filter bank ; recurrent neural network ; emergency decisions ; LiDAR ; real-time object detection ; vehicle dynamics ; path planning ; actuation systems ; maneuver algorithm ; autonomous driving ; smart band ; the emergency situations ; two-wheeled ; support vector machine model ; global region ; biological vision ; automated driving ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 163
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In recent years, entropy has been used as a measure of the degree of chaos in dynamical systems. Thus, it is important to study entropy in nonlinear systems. Moreover, there has been increasing interest in the last few years regarding the novel classification of nonlinear dynamical systems including two kinds of attractors: self-excited attractors and hidden attractors. The localization of self-excited attractors by applying a standard computational procedure is straightforward. In systems with hidden attractors, however, a specific computational procedure must be developed, since equilibrium points do not help in the localization of hidden attractors. Some examples of this kind of system are chaotic dynamical systems with no equilibrium points; with only stable equilibria, curves of equilibria, and surfaces of equilibria; and with non-hyperbolic equilibria. There is evidence that hidden attractors play a vital role in various fields ranging from phase-locked loops, oscillators, describing convective fluid motion, drilling systems, information theory, cryptography, and multilevel DC/DC converters. This Special Issue is a collection of the latest scientific trends on the advanced topics of dynamics, entropy, fractional order calculus, and applications in complex systems with self-excited attractors and hidden attractors.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; S-Box algorithm ; empirical mode decomposition ; service game ; existence ; hyperchaotic system ; static memory ; complex-variable chaotic system ; neural network ; fractional-order ; permutation entropy ; adaptive approximator-based control ; BOPS ; Bogdanov Map ; complex systems ; Thurston’s algorithm ; parameter estimation ; fractional discrete chaos ; full state hybrid projective synchronization ; self-excited attractor ; stability ; PRNG ; inverse full state hybrid projective synchronization ; entropy measure ; chaos ; chaotic flow ; multistable ; core entropy ; multiscale multivariate entropy ; multistability ; new chaotic system ; strange attractors ; chaotic systems ; spatial dynamics ; spectral entropy ; resonator ; stochastic (strong) entropy solution ; multichannel supply chain ; Hubbard tree ; approximate entropy ; circuit design ; coexistence ; sample entropy ; chaotic maps ; chaotic map ; Gaussian mixture model ; entropy ; laser ; Non-equilibrium four-dimensional chaotic system ; multiple attractors ; projective synchronization ; hidden attractors ; hidden attractor ; chaotic system ; entropy analysis ; self-excited attractors ; multiple-valued ; self-reproducing system ; implementation ; unknown complex parameters ; optimization methods ; image encryption ; generalized synchronization ; uncertain dynamics ; fractional order ; nonlinear transport equation ; external rays ; Lyapunov exponents ; inverse generalized synchronization ; fixed point ; uniqueness ; electronic circuit realization ; synchronization ; Hopf bifurcation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 164
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book is a contribution from the authors, to share solutions for a better and sustainable power grid. Renewable energy, smart grid security and smart energy management are the main topics discussed in this book.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; programmable appliances ; energy management system ; MILP ; sensitivity analysis ; simulation ; development demand ; meta heuristic techniques ; feedback ; patent analysis ; optimization ; scenario planning ; micro grids ; solar generation ; IEC 61499 ; distributed energy management algorithm ; technology adoption ; ToU tariff ; photovoltaic power ; seawater pumped storage ; peak reduction ; planning ; K-modes clustering ; Gaussian process regression ; multilayer perceptron neural network ; economic feasibility analysis ; EnergyPlus ; intruder detection system ; occupant behavior ; HOMER ; smart grid security ; D strategy ; smart energy ; IEC 61850 ; cyberattacks ; semantic web technologies ; renewable energy sources ; optimal power flows ; forecasting ; heuristic ; households ; machine learning ; micro grid ; support vector machine ; comprehensive evaluation ; electricity charge discount program ; model driven architecture ; sustainable smart grid technology ; rules ; daily consumption curve ; genetic algorithm ; renewable energy ; combined dispatch (CD) strategy ; scheduling ; technology acceptance ; electric vehicle charging technology ; energy consumption ; ontology ; theories of social practice ; R&amp ; unbalanced three-phase distribution networks ; game theory ; sustainability ; distributed generation ; energy storage system ; energy and water consumption ; active distribution networks ; policy effectiveness evaluation ; peak/off-peak ; differentiation ; graph theory ; D planning ; data mining ; values ; optimal power flow ; Smart Grid Station ; Korean Time Use Survey ; smart grid architecture model ; single-person household ; holomorphic embedding load flow method ; storage device ; smart grid ; smart metering ; engineering support ; two-stage ; net present cost (NPC) ; nash equilibrium ; STEEP analysis ; electrical distribution system ; solar power generation prediction ; storage capacity ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 165
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In a rapidly changing world, it is necessary to increase the engagement of local authorities and stakeholders to make urban mobility cleaner and more sustainable. The best way is to combine great ideas and innovative measures with political support. This Special Issue consists of six articles analyzing the impact of SUMPs. Innovative measures have been proposed to change urban transport systems towards sustainability: Chinese research has analyzed the tourist flow of Tibet using innovative technologies: mobile phone data, visualizations using GIS, and social networks. Lithuanian authors proposed three autonomous car travel development concepts that should become a conceptual tool in the development of ITS and C-ITS. An English scientific paper is based on a review of local transport policy documents from 13 cities in four countries. Most cities seek to reduce car travel as a proportion of trips. Experience from Slovenia shows that the comprehensive traffic calming approach has positive effects and contributes to achieving sustainable mobility. Korean researchers used the GINI coefficient to evaluate the bus system to identify bus nodes in order of importance. The last article described that multicriteria decision-making methods have been successfully used for assessing the effectiveness of sustainable transport systems, and a universal evaluation model was proposed.
    Keywords: sustainable urban mobility ; SUMP ; mobility measures ; multicriteria decision making methods ; MCDM ; bus transportation system ; urban infrastructure ; network growth ; Gini coefficient ; complex systems ; comprehensive traffic calming ; active mobility ; travel behaviour ; quality of life ; traffic safety ; sustainable urban mobility planning ; sustainable urban mobility plan ; policy ; problematisation ; local transport ; mobility plan ; Sweden ; Great Britain ; Netherlands ; Germany ; development ; autonomous cars ; ITS and C-ITS ; public infrastructure ; Kendall method ; pattern ; social network analysis ; tourist flow ; visualization ; Tibet ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 166
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Due to the increased capabilities of microprocessors and the advent of graphics processing units (GPUs) in recent decades, the use of machine learning methodologies has become popular in many fields of science and technology. This fact, together with the availability of large amounts of information, has meant that machine learning and Big Data have an important presence in the field of Energy. This Special Issue entitled “Predicting the Future—Big Data and Machine Learning” is focused on applications of machine learning methodologies in the field of energy. Topics include but are not limited to the following: big data architectures of power supply systems, energy-saving and efficiency models, environmental effects of energy consumption, prediction of occupational health and safety outcomes in the energy industry, price forecast prediction of raw materials, and energy management of smart buildings.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 167
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The Internet of Things (IoT) and related technologies have the promise of realizing pervasive and smart applications which, in turn, have the potential of improving the quality of life of people living in a connected world. According to the IoT vision, all things can cooperate amongst themselves and be managed from anywhere via the Internet, allowing tight integration between the physical and cyber worlds and thus improving efficiency, promoting usability, and opening up new application opportunities. Nowadays, IoT technologies have successfully been exploited in several domains, providing both social and economic benefits. The realization of the full potential of the next generation of the Internet of Things still needs further research efforts concerning, for instance, the identification of new architectures, methodologies, and infrastructures dealing with distributed and decentralized IoT systems; the integration of IoT with cognitive and social capabilities; the enhancement of the sensing–analysis–control cycle; the integration of consciousness and awareness in IoT environments; and the design of new algorithms and techniques for managing IoT big data. This Special Issue is devoted to advancements in technologies, methodologies, and applications for IoT, together with emerging standards and research topics which would lead to realization of the future Internet of Things.
    Keywords: atmospheric ; on-line monitoring ; LoRa ; embedded system ; smart environments ; Internet of Things ; indoor occupancy ; machine learning ; data analysis ; landslide susceptibility ; China-Nepal Highway ; LSTM ; remote sensing images ; IoT ; network traffic ; monitoring ; DDoS ; packet classification ; indoor localization ; channel state information ; device-free passive ; WiFi fingerprint ; naive Bayes classification ; feature fusion ; posture recognition ; indoor positioning ; wireless body area network ; Kalman filtering ; multi-sensor combination ; prognostic and health management ; integrative framework ; internet of things ; convolutional neural network ; conditioned-based maintenance ; IoT platform ; intelligent monitoring robot ; active CCTV ; learning model ; electrical devices ; classification ; energy management ; smart environment ; architecture ; blockchain ; communication constraints ; decentralized application ; Ethereum ; Internet of things ; sensing and control ; computational efficiency ; robotic manipulators ; hysteresis ; adaptive control ; wireless sensor network (WSN) ; energy ; ant colony optimization (ACO) ; routing algorithm ; quantum-inspired evolutionary algorithms ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 168
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The sustainable governance of water resources relies on processes of multi-stakeholder collaborations and interactions that facilitate knowledge co-creation and social learning. Governance systems are often fragmented, forming a barrier to adequately addressing the myriad of challenges affecting water resources, including climate change, increased urbanized populations, and pollution. Transitions towards sustainable water governance will likely require innovative learning partnerships between public, private, and civil society stakeholders. It is essential that such partnerships involve vertical and horizontal communication of ideas and knowledge, and an enabling and democratic environment characterized by informal and open discourse. There is increasing interest in learning-based transitions. Thus far, much scholarly thinking and, to a lesser degree, empirical research has gone into understanding the potential impact of social learning on multi-stakeholder settings. The question of whether such learning can be supported by forms of serious gaming has hardly been asked. This Special Issue critically explores the potential of serious games to support multi-stakeholder social learning and collaborations in the context of water governance. Serious games may involve simulations of real-world events and processes and are challenge players to solve contemporary societal problems; they, therefore, have a purpose beyond entertainment. They offer a largely untapped potential to support social learning and collaboration by facilitating access to and the exchange of knowledge and information, enhancing stakeholder interactions, empowering a wider audience to participate in decision making, and providing opportunities to test and analyze the outcomes of policies and management solutions. Little is known about how game-based approaches can be used in the context of collaborative water governance to maximize their potential for social learning. While several studies have reported examples of serious games, there is comparably less research about how to assess the impacts of serious games on social learning and transformative change.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; TA170-171 ; psychosocial perspectives ; integrated water resources management ; maritime spatial planning ; decision-making processes ; simulation ; rural ; water-food-land-energy-climate ; Good Environmental Status ; assessment ; active learning ; ecology education ; social simulation ; educational videogames ; gaming-simulation ; serious games ; transformative change ; Q-method ; serious games (SGs) ; social equity ; learning-based intervention ; sustainability ; water ; flood ; institutions ; planning support systems ; system dynamics ; Blue Growth ; stakeholder participation ; serious game ; decision making ; social learning ; serious gaming ; nexus ; Water Safety Plan ; game-based learning ; stakeholders ; mangrove ; participatory modelling ; integrated water resource management (IWRM) ; experimental social research ; river basin management ; online games ; drinking water management ; drinking water ; multi-party collaboration ; water management ; Schwartz’s Value Survey (SVS) ; water supply ; groundwater ; role-play ; simulations ; stakeholder collaboration ; relational practices ; Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) ; gamification ; aquaculture ; transcendental values ; peri-urban ; urban ; Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) ; infrastructure ; knowledge co-creation ; policy analysis ; role-playing games ; water governance ; value change ; Mekong Delta ; natural resource management ; capacity building ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 169
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Microtechnology has changed our world since the last century, when silicon microelectronics revolutionized sensor, control and communication areas, with applications extending from domotics to automotive, and from security to biomedicine. The present century, however, is also seeing an accelerating pace of innovation in glassy materials; as an example, glass-ceramics, which successfully combine the properties of an amorphous matrix with those of micro- or nano-crystals, offer a very high flexibility of design to chemists, physicists and engineers, who can conceive and implement advanced microdevices. In a very similar way, the synthesis of glassy polymers in a very wide range of chemical structures offers unprecedented potential of applications. The contemporary availability of microfabrication technologies, such as direct laser writing or 3D printing, which add to the most common processes (deposition, lithography and etching), facilitates the development of novel or advanced microdevices based on glassy materials. Biochemical and biomedical sensors, especially with the lab-on-a-chip target, are one of the most evident proofs of the success of this material platform. Other applications have also emerged in environment, food, and chemical industries. The present Special Issue of Micromachines aims at reviewing the current state-of-the-art and presenting perspectives of further development. Contributions related to the technologies, glassy materials, design and fabrication processes, characterization, and, eventually, applications are welcome.
    Keywords: TK1-9971 ; TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; enhanced boiling heat transfer ; microfluidic devices ; thermal insulation ; fibers ; lab-on-a-chip ; precision glass molding ; device simulations ; spray pyrolysis technique ; dielectric materials ; detection of small molecules ; roughness ; direct metal forming ; micro-grinding ; MEMS ; chalcogenide glass ; whispering gallery mode ; down-shifting ; glass ; optofluidic microbubble resonator ; luminescent materials ; filling ratio ; 2D colloidal crystal ; waveguides ; micro-crack propagation ; fluid displacement ; biosensors ; freeform optics ; microstructured optical fibers ; laser micromachining ; polymeric microfluidic flow cytometry ; luminescence ; frequency conversion ; light ; micro/nano patterning ; resonator ; fiber coupling ; distributed sensing ; severing force ; microsphere ; alkali cells ; microfabrication ; hybrid materials ; enclosed microstructures ; infrared optics ; glassy carbon micromold ; Ag nanoaggregates ; microfluidics ; chemical/biological sensing ; porous media ; atomic spectroscopy ; quartz glass ; solar energy ; diffusion ; soft colloidal lithography ; groove ; compound glass ; metallic microstructure ; whispering gallery modes ; sol-gel ; communications ; femtosecond laser ; optofluidics ; europium ; aspherical lens ; long period grating ; optical cells ; polymers ; lasing ; photovoltaics ; microresonator ; sensing ; microspheres ; light localization ; Yb〈sup〉3+〈/sup〉 ions ; laser materials processing ; photonic microdevices ; MEMS vapor cells ; microtechnology ; ultrafast laser micromachining ; photon ; single-cell protein quantification ; strain microsensor ; label-free sensor ; microdevices ; ultrafast laser welding ; nuclear fusion ; vectorial strain gauge ; single-cell analysis ; glass molding process ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNB Energy industries & utilities
    Language: English
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  • 170
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Environmental problems derived from the massive use of conventional energy resources are one of the main issues that our society has been facing in recent decades. Renewable energies (and particularly solar energy) have become a highly competitive means to meet the world’s increasing energy demands in a sustainable and clean manner. One of the key research challenges for the commercial deployment of several solar energy technologies is focused on the development of feasible and durable coatings that withstand appropriate optical and thermal performance over the lifetime of the solar facilities. This book addresses a number of relevant aspects related to coatings for renewable energies, including a deep survey of coatings used in photovoltaic solar energy, the development of a superhydrophobic and thermal stable silica coating that is potentially suitable for various industrial applications related to renewable technologies, the development of coatings to improve the resistance of structural materials used in concentrating solar thermal technologies with molten salts, and several research works related to solar reflectors for concentrating solar thermal technologies (such us the advanced analysis of the corrosion, the suitability of anti-soiling coatings, and the development of top protective coatings for high-temperature secondary concentrators).
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; concentrated solar power ; corrosion product ; X-ray diffraction ; third element effect ; corroded solar reflector ; light trapping ; concentrating solar thermal energy ; soiling rate ; optical design ; silica coating ; Raman spectroscopy ; pack cementation ; solar reflector ; solar hemispherical reflectance ; outdoor test ; cleaning method ; thin film ; monochromatic specular reflectance ; secondary reflector ; sputtering ; temperature stability ; anti-soiling coating ; molten nitrate corrosion ; improved measurement method ; solar energy ; thin film a-Si: H ; superhydrophobic surface ; HiPIMS ; reflectance corrosion ; sol-gel ; polycrystalline ; organic solar cell ; concentrated solar thermal power ; GIXRD ; scopus ; material solar cell ; protected silver ; grade 91 steel ; Cr-diffusion coating ; corrosion rate ; coatings ; reflector ; water saving ; Al-diffusion coating ; reflectance measurement ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 171
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: PV power plant integration into the grid has been a relevant topic of interest over the last years. Policies supported by governments, technology maturity, favorable incentives, and cost decreasing have significantly promoted the integration of PV power plants into power systems at the transmission and distribution levels. Nevertheless, some barriers remain in terms of forecasting generation, grid reliability, and power quality, which must be overcome for the massive PV integration into future power systems. Additionally, the ancillary services provided by these generation units are increasingly required by different agents to facilitate grid operation under a high proportion of renewables. Topics of interest for this Special Issue include the following areas: large-scale PV power plants, energy policies related to PV power plants, grid integration and interaction, PV power plant modeling, monitoring and case studies, communication systems for PV power plants integration, economic analyses, PV inverters and sizing analyses, new trends in PV technologies, and reviews.
    Keywords: incident solar radiation ; PV output power modelling ; tilt angle ; orientation ; rooftop solar ; PV generator ; power ramping ; battery energy storage ; duck curve ; hybrid dc/ac grids ; alienation coefficient ; hybrid power system network ; protection ; power system fault ; solar energy ; wind energy ; Wigner distribution function ; ancillary service ; PV Plant ; frequency-assisting ; hardware-in-the-loop ; Photovoltaic ; DER ; energy policies related to PV power plants ; economic analyses ; monitoring and case studies ; distribution network ; hierarchical voltage control ; reactive power control ; RES ; SVR ; PV ; optimal design ; photovoltaic power plants ; hybrid optimisation ; LCOE ; PV module reduction ; photovoltaic systems ; synchronization systems ; phase-locked loops ; islanding detection methods ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 172
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book presents a sample of theoretical and practical advances in symmetry in multidisciplinary engineering applications. It covers several applications, such as mechanical analysis of tunnel lining, prediction methods for the ring damper used in gears, calibration methods for manipulators, design methods for wheel configurations of mobile robots, analysis of elastic plastic damaged zones, 3D printed corneal models, analysis of multibody system dynamic networks, structural elements in architecture, railway transportation, transportation of hazardous materials, cable-driven mechanisms, and image processing. The contributions included in this book describe the state-of-the-art advances in this field and demonstrate the possibilities of the study of symmetry in multidisciplinary applications in the field of engineering.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 173
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Biomass is the only renewable carbon source that can be converted into high value-added carbon products. This book presents a collection of studies on the conversion of catalytic biomass to renewable biofuels and biomaterials by chemical conversion, co-combustion technology, and biological conversion technology. The fundamentals and mechanisms of catalytic materials design, process optimization, product development, and by-product utilization are outlined. All articles were contributed by experts in catalysis and bioenergy fields to provide readers with a broad range of perspectives on cutting-edge applications. This book is an ideal reference guide for academic researchers and engineering technicians in the fields of catalytic material synthesis, biomass energy conversion, enzyme catalysis, pyrolysis, combustion, vaporization, and fermentation. It can also be used as a comprehensive reference source for university students in renewable energy science and engineering, agricultural engineering, thermal engineering, chemical engineering, material science, and environmental engineering. This book contains 12 articles: (1) “Catalytic Biomass to Renewable Biofuels and Biomaterials”; (2) “Experimental Design to Improve Cell Growth and Ethanol Production in Syngas Fermentation by Clostridium carboxidivorans”; (3) “Glycerol Acetylation Mediated by Thermally Hydrolysed Biosolids-Based Material”; (4) “Influence of Base-Catalyzed Organosolv Fractionation of Larch Wood Sawdust on Fraction Yields and Lignin Properties”; (5) “Ca-based Catalysts for the Production of High-Quality Bio-Oils from the Catalytic Co-Pyrolysis of Grape Seeds and Waste Tyres”; (6) “Synthesis of Diesel and Jet Fuel Range Cycloalkanes with Cyclopentanone and Furfural”; (7) “Gel-Type and Macroporous Cross-Linked Copolymers Functionalized with Acid Groups for the Hydrolysis of Wheat Straw Pretreated with an Ionic Liquid”; (8) “Role of Humic Acid Chemical Structure Derived from Different Biomass Feedstocks on Fe(III) Bioreduction Activity: Implication for Sustainable Use of Bioresources”; (9) “Selective Production of Terephthalonitrile and Benzonitrile via Pyrolysis of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) with Ammonia over Ca(OH)2/Al2O3 Catalysts”; (10) “Experimental Studies on Co-Combustion of Sludge and Wheat Straw”; (11) “Carbonate-Catalyzed Room-Temperature Selective Reduction of Biomass-Derived 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural into 2,5-Bis(hydroxymethyl)furan”; (12) “Clostridium sp. as Bio-Catalyst for Fuels and Chemicals Production in a Biorefinery Context”.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 174
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has found many applications in the past decade due to the ever increasing computing power. Artificial Neural Networks are inspired in the brain structure and consist in the interconnection of artificial neurons through artificial synapses. Training these systems requires huge amounts of data and, after the network is trained, it can recognize unforeseen data and provide useful information. The so-called Spiking Neural Networks behave similarly to how the brain functions and are very energy efficient. Up to this moment, both spiking and conventional neural networks have been implemented in software programs running on conventional computing units. However, this approach requires high computing power, a large physical space and is energy inefficient. Thus, there is an increasing interest in developing AI tools directly implemented in hardware. The first hardware demonstrations have been based on CMOS circuits for neurons and specific communication protocols for synapses. However, to further increase training speed and energy efficiency while decreasing system size, the combination of CMOS neurons with memristor synapses is being explored. The memristor is a resistor with memory which behaves similarly to biological synapses. This book explores the state-of-the-art of neuromorphic circuits implementing neural networks with memristors for AI applications.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; graphene oxide ; artificial neural network ; simulation ; neural networks ; STDP ; neuromorphics ; spiking neural network ; artificial intelligence ; hierarchical temporal memory ; synaptic weight ; optimization ; transistor-like devices ; multiscale modeling ; memristor crossbar ; spike-timing-dependent plasticity ; memristor-CMOS hybrid circuit ; pavlov ; wire resistance ; AI ; neocortex ; synapse ; character recognition ; resistive switching ; electronic synapses ; defect-tolerant spatial pooling ; emulator ; compact model ; deep learning networks ; artificial synapse ; circuit design ; memristors ; neuromorphic engineering ; memristive devices ; OxRAM ; neural network hardware ; sensory and hippocampal responses ; neuromorphic hardware ; boost-factor adjustment ; RRAM ; variability ; Flash memories ; neuromorphic ; reinforcement learning ; laser ; memristor ; hardware-based deep learning ICs ; temporal pooling ; self-organization maps ; crossbar array ; pattern recognition ; strongly correlated oxides ; vertical RRAM ; autocovariance ; neuromorphic computing ; synaptic device ; cortical neurons ; time series modeling ; spiking neural networks ; neuromorphic systems ; synaptic plasticity ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 175
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue focused on novel vision-based approaches, mainly related to computer vision and machine learning, for the automatic analysis of human behaviour. We solicited submissions on the following topics: information theory-based pattern classification, biometric recognition, multimodal human analysis, low resolution human activity analysis, face analysis, abnormal behaviour analysis, unsupervised human analysis scenarios, 3D/4D human pose and shape estimation, human analysis in virtual/augmented reality, affective computing, social signal processing, personality computing, activity recognition, human tracking in the wild, and application of information-theoretic concepts for human behaviour analysis. In the end, 15 papers were accepted for this special issue. These papers, that are reviewed in this editorial, analyse human behaviour from the aforementioned perspectives, defining in most of the cases the state of the art in their corresponding field.
    Keywords: multi-objective evolutionary algorithms ; rule-based classifiers ; interpretable machine learning ; categorical data ; hand sign language ; deep learning ; restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) ; multi-modal ; profoundly deaf ; noisy image ; ensemble methods ; adaptive classifiers ; recurrent concepts ; concept drift ; stock price direction prediction ; toe-off detection ; gait event ; silhouettes difference ; convolutional neural network ; saliency detection ; foggy image ; spatial domain ; frequency domain ; object contour detection ; discrete stationary wavelet transform ; attention allocation ; attention behavior ; hybrid entropy ; information entropy ; single pixel single photon image acquisition ; time-of-flight ; action recognition ; fibromyalgia ; Learning Using Concave and Convex Kernels ; Empatica E4 ; self-reported survey ; speech emotion recognition ; 3D convolutional neural networks ; k-means clustering ; spectrograms ; context-aware framework ; accuracy ; false negative rate ; individual behavior estimation ; statistical-based time-frequency domain and crowd condition ; emotion recognition ; gestures ; body movements ; Kinect sensor ; neural networks ; face analysis ; face segmentation ; head pose estimation ; age classification ; gender classification ; singular point detection ; boundary segmentation ; blurring detection ; fingerprint image enhancement ; fingerprint quality ; speech ; committee of classifiers ; biometric recognition ; multimodal-based human identification ; privacy ; privacy-aware ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 176
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Researches and investigations involving the theory and applications of integral transforms and operational calculus are remarkably wide-spread in many diverse areas of the mathematical, physical, chemical, engineering and statistical sciences.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; infinite-point boundary conditions ; nonlinear boundary value problems ; q-polynomials ; ?-generalized Hurwitz–Lerch zeta functions ; Hadamard product ; password ; summation formulas ; Hankel determinant ; multi-strip ; Euler numbers and polynomials ; natural transform ; fuzzy volterra integro-differential equations ; zeros ; fuzzy differential equations ; Szász operator ; q)-Bleimann–Butzer–Hahn operators ; distortion theorems ; analytic function ; generating relations ; differential operator ; pseudo-Chebyshev polynomials ; Chebyshev polynomials ; Mellin transform ; uniformly convex functions ; operational methods ; differential equation ; ?-convex function ; Fourier transform ; q)-analogue of tangent zeta function ; q -Hermite–Genocchi polynomials ; Dunkl analogue ; derivative properties ; q)-Euler numbers and polynomials of higher order ; exact solutions ; encryption ; spectrum symmetry ; advanced and deviated arguments ; PBKDF ; wavelet transform of generalized functions ; fuzzy general linear method ; Lommel functions ; highly oscillatory Bessel kernel ; generalized mittag-leffler function ; audio features ; the uniqueness of the solution ; analytic ; Mittag–Leffler functions ; Dziok–Srivastava operator ; Bell numbers ; rate of approximation ; Bessel kernel ; univalent functions ; inclusion relationships ; Liouville–Caputo-type fractional derivative ; tangent polynomials ; Bernoulli spiral ; multi-point ; q -Hermite–Euler polynomials ; analytic functions ; Fredholm integral equation ; orthogonality property ; Struve functions ; cryptography ; Janowski star-like function ; starlike and q-starlike functions ; piecewise Hermite collocation method ; uniformly starlike and convex functions ; q -Hermite–Bernoulli polynomials ; generalized functions ; meromorphic function ; basic hypergeometric functions ; fractional-order differential equations ; q -Sheffer–Appell polynomials ; integral representations ; Srivastava–Tomovski generalization of Mittag–Leffler function ; Caputo fractional derivative ; Bernoulli ; symmetric ; sufficient conditions ; nonlocal ; the existence of a solution ; functions of bounded boundary and bounded radius rotations ; differential inclusion ; symmetry of the zero ; recurrence relation ; nonlinear boundary value problem ; Volterra integral equations ; Ulam stability ; q)-analogue of tangent numbers and polynomials ; starlike function ; function spaces and their duals ; strongly starlike functions ; q)-Bernstein operators ; vibrating string equation ; ?-generalized Hurwitz-Lerch zeta functions ; bound on derivatives ; Janowski convex function ; volterra integral equation ; strongly-starlike function ; Hadamard product (convolution) ; regular solution ; generalized Hukuhara differentiability ; functions with positive real part ; exponential function ; q–Bleimann–Butzer–Hahn operators ; Carlitz-type q-tangent polynomials ; distributions ; Carlitz-type q-tangent numbers ; starlike functions ; Riemann-Stieltjes functional integral ; hash ; K-functional ; (p ; Euler ; truncated-exponential polynomials ; Maple graphs ; Hurwitz-Euler eta function ; higher order Schwarzian derivatives ; generating functions ; strongly convex functions ; Hölder condition ; multiple Hurwitz-Euler eta function ; recurrence relations ; q-starlike functions ; partial sum ; Euler and Genocchi polynomials ; tangent numbers ; spectral decomposition ; determinant definition ; monomiality principle ; highly oscillatory ; Hurwitz-Lerch zeta function ; Adomian decomposition method ; analytic number theory ; existence ; existence of at least one solution ; symmetric identities ; modulus of continuity ; modified Kudryashov method ; MFCC ; q-hypergeometric functions ; differential subordination ; Janowski functions ; and Genocchi numbers ; series representation ; initial conditions ; generalization of exponential function ; upper bound ; q-derivative (or q-difference) operator ; DCT ; Schwartz testing function space ; anuran calls ; generalized Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation ; Mittag–Leffler function ; subordination ; Hardy space ; convergence ; Hermite interpolation ; direct Hermite collocation method ; q-Euler numbers and polynomials ; distribution space ; Apostol-type polynomials and Apostol-type numbers ; Schauder fixed point theorem ; fractional integral ; convolution quadrature rule ; q)-integers ; Liouville-Caputo fractional derivative ; fixed point ; convex functions ; Grandi curves ; tempered distributions ; higher order q-Euler numbers and polynomials ; radius estimate ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Understanding of the role of turbulence in controlling transport processes is of paramount importance for the preservation and protection of aquatic ecosystems, the minimization of the deleterious consequences of anthropogenic activity, and the successful sustainable development of river and maritime areas. In this context, the present Special Issue collects 15 papers which provide a representation of the present understanding of turbulent processes and their effects in river and maritime environments. The presented collection of papers is not exhaustive, but it highlights the key priority areas and knowledge gaps in this field of research. The published papers present the state-of-the-art knowledge of complex environmental flows which are useful for researchers and practitioners. The paper contents are an overview of some recent topics of research and an exposure of the current and future challenges associated with these topics.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; inclined negatively buoyant jets ; flow mixing ; Kelvin–Helmholtz ; flow-through system ; mixing ; regular waves ; vegetation patch ; turbulence invariants ; junction angle ; gravel-bed rivers ; spatial analysis ; spectral model ; coastal lagoon ; roughness ; MIKE 21 FM (HD) ; billow ; dissipation ; river mouth ; waves ; advection ; wave–current interaction ; plunging breaking waves ; turbulence ; flow deflection zone ; smoothed particle hydrodynamics models ; numerical modelling ; physical modelling ; surface waves ; lobe ; dilution ; numerical model ; channel confluences ; prediction ; meanders ; CFD ; bedrock canyon ; MIKE 3 FM (HD & ; SVF ; diffusion ; dense jet ; sub-grid turbulence ; flow separation zone ; breaking waves ; 〈i〉Spartina maritima〈/i〉 ; jets ; maritime areas ; flow retardation zone ; seabed friction ; sea discharges ; secondary motion ; ADCP ; cleft ; submerged ratio ; laboratory experiments ; wake region ; eddy viscosity ; bottom friction ; casting technique ; turbulent jet ; tidal inlets ; rivers ; nonlinear shallow water equations ; vorticity ; hydrodynamic model ; flow resistance ; PANORMUS ; spectral dissipation ; TR) ; macrovortices ; turbulent processes ; velocity ; trajectory ; flexible vegetation ; energy dissipation ; gravity current ; bed shear stress ; current flow ; drag coefficient ; residence time ; wave attenuation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book is a compilation of works covering applied mathematical methods and their applications in complex engineering problems. The methods covered in this book include modeling and simulation, computation, analysis, control, optimization, data science, and machine learning. The engineering application topics include but are not limited to environmental engineering, cybersecurity, transportation, agriculture, smart grid, and next-generation manufacturing.
    Keywords: Phoronomics ; mechanics ; kinetics ; kinematics ; direction cosines ; Euler angles ; space dynamics ; digital computation ; control systems ; control engineering ; industrial cyber-physical systems ; cyber-attacks ; neural network ; model predictive control ; nonlinear chemical processes ; network classification ; network evolution ; network symmetries ; Green’s symmetry problem ; network invariants ; network internal dynamics ; symmetry ensembles ; propensities ; energy ; opening capability ; security ; smart grid ; group signature ; anonymous signature ; autonomous vehicle ; target detection ; multi-sensors ; fusion ; YOLO ; linear response eigenvalue problem ; block methods ; weighted Golub-Kahan-Lanczos algorithm ; convergence analysis ; thick restart ; mining vibrating screen ; theoretical rigid body model ; spring failures diagnosis ; amplitudes change ; real-time optimization ; nonlinear processes ; process control ; chemical reactor control ; distillation column control ; energy-based control ; payload swing attenuation ; linear matrix inequalities ; quadrotor ; larger Lipschitz constants ; comparative advantage ; transaction cost ; specialized production ; infra-marginal model ; agricultural division of labor ; velocity-slip ; temperature-jump ; homotopy analysis method ; nanofluids ; power-law fluids ; state estimation ; parameter estimation ; moving horizon estimation ; extended kalman filter ; ensemble kalman filter ; richards equation ; agro-hydrological systems ; economic model predictive control ; chemical processes ; responsive control ; artificial intelligence ; interpretability ; controller verification ; seashore soft soil ; cement ; sulfuric acid erosion ; stress–strain behavior ; mathematical model ; Micro Grid ; optimization theory ; optimization ; MATLAB simulation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 179
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Advances in miniaturization of sensors, actuators, and smart systems are receiving substantial industrial attention, and a wide variety of transducers are commercially available or with high potential to impact emerging markets. Substituting existing products based on bulk materials, in fields such as automotive, environment, food, robotics, medicine, biotechnology, communications, and other technologies, with reduced size, lower cost, and higher performance, is now possible, with potential for manufacturing using advanced silicon integrated circuits technology or alternative additive techniques from the mili- to the nano-scale. In this Special Issue, which is focused on piezoelectric transducers, a wide range of topics are covered, including the design, fabrication, characterization, packaging, and system integration or final applications of mili/micro/nano-electro-mechanical systems based transducers.
    Keywords: cylindrical composite ; piezoceramic/epoxy composite ; electromechanical characteristics ; transducer ; piezoelectric actuators ; positioning ; trajectory control ; numerical analysis ; trajectory planning ; square piezoelectric vibrator ; resonance ; piezoelectric diaphragm pump ; flexible support ; piezoelectric resonance pump ; piezoelectric ceramics actuators ; hysteresis modeling ; Bouc–Wen model ; P-type IL ; MFA control ; SM control ; evidence theory ; active vibration control ; piezoelectric smart structure ; piezoelectric material ; multiphysics simulation ; finite element method (FEM) ; fluid–structure interaction (FSI) ; micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) ; traveling waves ; piezoelectric ; microactuator ; MEMS ; piezoelectric current sensing device ; two-wire power cord ; cymbal structure ; force amplification effect ; sensitivity ; ciliary bodies touch beam ; piezoelectric tactile feedback devices ; anisotropic vibration tactile model ; human factor experiment ; nondestructive testing ; maturity method ; concrete early-age strength ; SmartRock ; ultrasonic waves ; PZT (piezoelectric) sensors ; structural health monitoring ; AlN thin film ; piezoelectric effect ; resonant accelerometer ; z-axis ; debonding ; non-destructive testing ; electromechanical impedance ; damage detection ; impedance-based technique ; damage depth ; piezoelectric vibration energy harvester ; frequency up-conversion mechanism ; impact ; PZT thick film ; piezoelectric ceramic materials ; Duhem model ; hysteresis model ; class-C power amplifier ; diode expander ; piezoelectric transducers ; point-of-care ultrasound systems ; transverse impact ; frequency up-conversion ; piezoelectric bimorph ; human-limb motion ; hybrid energy harvester ; cascade-connected transducer ; low frequency ; small size ; finite element ; acoustic telemetry ; measurement while drilling ; energy harvesting ; pipelines ; underwater networks ; wireless sensor networks ; control algorithm ; waterproof ; coating ; reliability ; flexible micro-devices ; aqueous environments ; seawater ; capacitive pressure sensors ; in-situ pressure sensing ; sensor characterization ; physiological applications ; cardiac output ; aluminum nitride ; resonator ; damping ; quality factor ; electromechanical coupling ; implantable middle ear hearing device ; piezoelectric transducer ; stimulating site ; finite element analysis ; hearing compensation ; adaptive lens ; piezoelectric devices ; fluid-structure interaction ; moving mesh ; thermal expansion ; COMSOL ; petroleum acoustical-logging ; piezoelectric cylindrical-shell transducer ; center-frequency ; experimental-measurement ; piezoelectricity ; visual servo control ; stepping motor ; nano-positioner ; stick-slip ; piezoelectric energy harvester ; cut-in wind speed ; cut-out wind speed ; energy conservation method ; critical stress method ; piezoelectric actuator ; lever mechanism ; analytical model ; stick-slip frication ; nanopositioning stage ; piezoelectric hysteresis ; mark point recognition ; piecewise fitting ; compensation control ; piezo-electromagnetic coupling ; up-conversion ; vibration energy harvester ; multi-directional vibration ; low frequency vibration ; hysteresis compensation ; single-neuron adaptive control ; Hebb learning rules ; supervised learning ; vibration-based energy harvesting ; multimodal structures ; frequency tuning ; nonlinear resonator ; bistability ; magnetostatic force ; robot ; miniature ; traveling wave ; leg ; piezoelectric actuators (PEAs) ; asymmetric hysteresis ; Prandtl–Ishlinskii (PI) model ; polynomial-modified PI (PMPI) model ; feedforward hysteresis compensation ; PIN-PMN-PT ; 1-3 composite ; high frequency ; phased array ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 180
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Understanding the origins of the Universe and how it works and evolves is the present mission of a large community of physicists. It calls for a large scale vision, involving general relativity, astrophysics, and cosmology. Theoretical physics is presently at an important moment in its history. As predicted by Einstein, gravitational waves have been experimentally proven to exist. With the discovery of the Higgs boson, the set of interactions and elementary particles that is called the ""standard model"" (SM), is complete. Yet the Higgs boson itself, and how it breaks the electroweak symmetry, remains a fascinating subject requiring further studies and verification. Furthermore, several experimental facts are not accounted for by the SM: (i) the baryon asymmetry of the Universe, (ii) the nature and origin of dark matter, and (iii) the origin of neutrino masses; these have no unique, if any, explanation in the SM and yet will require answers from particle physics. We need to explore further both SM and its extensions. This is a subject of papers included in this book, which gives representation to the topics discussed during the Matter to the Deepest conference in 2019 in Poland (http://indico.if.us.edu.pl/event/5).
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; spacetime ; neutrinos ; gauge symmetry ; beyond Standard Model ; oscillons ; spectrum calculator ; theoretical physics ; lepton masses and mixing ; seesaw mechanism ; neutrino masses ; exotic R4 and cosmology ; W-boson ; axion stars ; radiative masses ; space topology changes ; QED ; exponentiation ; exotic K3 ; scalar sector ; particle physics ; extension of the standard model of particle interactions ; Bose stars ; family symmetry ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This volume deals with recent advances in and applications of computational intelligence and advanced machine learning methods in power systems, heating and cooling systems, and gas transportation systems. The optimal coordinated dispatch of the multi-energy microgrids with renewable generation and storage control using advanced numerical methods is discussed. Forecasting models are designed for electrical insulator faults, the health of the battery, electrical insulator faults, wind speed and power, PV output power and transformer oil test parameters. The loads balance algorithm for an offshore wind farm is proposed. The information security problems in the energy internet are analyzed and attacked using information transmission contemporary models, based on blockchain technology. This book will be of interest, not only to electrical engineers, but also to applied mathematicians who are looking for novel challenging problems to focus on.
    Keywords: vacuum tank degasser ; rule extraction ; extreme learning machine ; classification and regression trees ; wind power: wind speed: T–S fuzzy model: forecasting ; linearization ; machine learning ; photovoltaic output power forecasting ; hybrid interval forecasting ; relevance vector machine ; sample entropy ; ensemble empirical mode decomposition ; high permeability renewable energy ; blockchain technology ; energy router ; QoS index of energy flow ; MOPSO algorithm ; scheduling optimization ; Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System ; insulator fault forecast ; wavelet packets ; time series forecasting ; power quality ; harmonic parameter ; harmonic responsibility ; monitoring data without phase angle ; parameter estimation ; blockchain ; energy internet ; information security ; forecasting ; clustering ; energy systems ; classification ; integrated energy system ; risk assessment ; component accident set ; vulnerability ; hybrid AC/DC power system ; stochastic optimization ; renewable energy source ; Volterra models ; wind turbine ; maintenance ; fatigue ; power control ; offshore wind farm ; Interfacial tension ; transformer oil parameters ; harmonic impedance ; traction network ; harmonic impedance identification ; linear regression model ; data evolution mechanism ; cast-resin transformers ; abnormal defects ; partial discharge ; pattern recognition ; hierarchical clustering ; decision tree ; industrial mathematics ; inverse problems ; intelligent control ; artificial intelligence ; energy management system ; smart microgrid ; optimization ; Volterra equations ; energy storage ; load leveling ; cyber-physical systems ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The fluid flow in fracture porous media plays a significant role in the assessment of deep underground reservoirs, such as through CO2 sequestration, enhanced oil recovery, and geothermal energy development. Many methods have been employed—from laboratory experimentation to theoretical analysis and numerical simulations—and allowed for many useful conclusions. This Special Issue aims to report on the current advances related to this topic. This collection of 58 papers represents a wide variety of topics, including on granite permeability investigation, grouting, coal mining, roadway, and concrete, to name but a few. We sincerely hope that the papers published in this Special Issue will be an invaluable resource for our readers.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; deformation feature ; minerals ; microstructure ; mixing ; permeability ; gas concentration ; water–rock interaction ; loose gangue backfill material ; unified pipe-network method ; fracture ; roof-cutting resistance ; crack ; similar-material ; movable fluid ; gob-side entry retaining (GER) ; rock-soil mechanics ; bed separation ; orthogonal tests ; charge separation ; water soaked height ; fluid flow in reclaimed soil ; laboratory experiment ; longwall mining ; grading broken gangue ; MIP ; elastic modulus ; effective stress ; permeability coefficient ; mixer ; naturally fracture ; SEM ; microstructure characteristics ; artificial joint rock ; fractured rock ; strata movement ; conservative solute ; particle velocity ; dry-wet cycles ; hydraulic fractures ; numerical calculation ; mechanical behaviors ; normalized conductivity-influence function ; fractured porous rock mass ; PPCZ ; segmented grouting ; non-aqueous phase liquid ; intelligent torque rheometer ; numerical analysis ; temperature ; unsaturated soil ; uniaxial compressive strength ; mine shaft ; coalbed methane (CBM) ; nonlinear flow in fractured porous media ; similar simulation ; forecasting ; tight sandstones ; oriented perforation ; hydro-mechanical coupling ; constant normal stiffness conditions ; cohesive soils ; layered progressive grouting ; chemical grouts ; grain size of sand ; Darcy’s law ; soft coal masses ; hydro-power ; cyclic heating and cooling ; cohesive element method ; cement-based paste discharge ; tectonically deformed coal ; split grouting ; fault water inrush ; filtration effects ; T-stress ; particle flow modeling ; new cementitious material ; strength ; stabilization ; fractured porous medium ; brine concentration ; initial water contained in sand ; XRD ; fracture criteria ; hydraulic conductivity ; roadway deformation ; backfill mining ; adsorption/desorption properties ; pore pressure ; roughness ; cement–silicate grout ; compressive stress ; discrete element method ; dynamic characteristics ; strain-based percolation model ; thermal-hydrological-chemical interactions ; pore distribution characteristics ; transversely isotropic rocks ; nitric acid modification ; disaster-causing mechanism ; CH4 seepage ; crack distribution characteristics ; micro-CT ; relief excavation ; Darcy flow ; hydraulic fracturing ; mixed-form formulation ; propagation ; scanning electron microscope (SEM) images ; propagation pattern ; consolidation process ; rheological deformation ; gas adsorption ; soft filling medium ; ground pressure ; orthogonal ratio test ; rock fracture ; coal seams ; high-steep slope ; interface ; orthogonal test ; stress interference ; physical and mechanical parameters ; fracture propagation ; fluid–solid coupling theory ; coupling model ; surface characteristics ; numerical manifold method ; gas ; lignite ; water inrush prevention ; coupled THM model ; hard and thick magmatic rocks ; Ordos Basin ; porosity ; damage mechanics ; seepage ; degradation mechanism ; high temperature ; visualization system ; bentonite-sand mixtures ; contamination ; conductivity-influence function ; water-rock interaction ; deterioration ; seepage pressure ; glutenite ; adhesion efficiency ; mechanical behavior transition ; bedding plane orientation ; n/a ; enhanced gas recovery ; debris-resisting barriers ; reinforcement mechanism ; on-site monitoring ; geophysical prospecting ; cyclic wetting-drying ; scoops3D ; semi-analytical solution ; enhanced permeability ; management period ; seepage control ; deformation ; Yellow River Embankment ; impeded drainage boundary ; rheological test ; circular closed reservoir ; grout penetration ; viscoelastic fluid ; coal-like material ; paste-like slurry ; floor failure depth ; supercritical CO2 ; gravel ; numerical model ; fractal ; gas-bearing coal ; shear-flow coupled test ; rheological limit strain ; CO2 flooding ; flotation ; goaf ; slope stability ; damage ; coal and gas outburst ; hydraulic fracture ; anisotropy ; high-order ; effluents ; FLAC ; limestone roof ; sandstone ; TG/DTG ; Xinjiang ; two-phase flow ; model experiment ; coal particle ; volumetric strain ; failure mode ; land reclamation ; sandstone and mudstone particles ; contiguous seams ; CO2 geological storage ; numerical simulation ; geogrid ; stress relief ; optimum proportioning ; roadside backfill body (RBB) ; pervious concrete ; mudstone ; hydraulic fracture network ; grouted sand ; fractal pore characteristics ; refraction law ; segmented rheological model ; ductile failure ; heterogeneity ; flow law ; fracture closure ; coal measures sandstone ; tight sandstone gas reservoirs ; gob behaviors ; water-dripping roadway ; creep characteristics ; internal erosion ; warning levels of fault water inrush ; hydraulic aperture ; bolt support ; discontinuous natural fracture ; microscopic morphology ; critical hydraulic gradient ; mixed mode fracture resistance ; differential settlement ; alternate strata ; finite element method ; crushing ratio ; chloride ; glauberite cavern for storing oil &amp ; macroscopic mechanical behaviors ; collision angle ; adsorption performance ; failure mechanism ; mechanical properties ; transmissivity ; damage evolution ; gas fracturing ; multitude parameters ; deviatoric stress ; Jiaohe ; coal ; soil properties ; acoustic emission ; pore structure ; grouting experiment ; concrete ; confining pressures ; green mining ; gas drainage ; fluid viscosity ; compression deformation ; Unsaturation ; adsorption–desorption ; seepage-creep ; constitutive model ; soil particle size ; Pseudo Steady-State (PPS) constant ; soil–structure interface ; debris flow ; fracture grouting ; initial settlement position ; regression equation ; electrical potential ; secondary fracture ; surrounding rock ; solid backfill coal mining ; time variation ; excess pore-pressures ; finite-conductivity fracture ; permeability characteristics ; rainfall-unstable soil coupling mechanism(R-USCM) ; shaft lining ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: The name of Joseph Fourier is also inseparable from the study of the mathematics of heat. Modern research on heat equations explores the extension of the classical diffusion equation on Riemannian, sub-Riemannian manifolds, and Lie groups. In parallel, in geometric mechanics, Jean-Marie Souriau interpreted the temperature vector of Planck as a space-time vector, obtaining, in this way, a phenomenological model of continuous media, which presents some interesting properties.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; entanglement indicators ; generalized uncertainty principle ; Tsallis entropy ; linear entropy ; quantum-classical relationship ; Wigner–Yanase–Dyson skew information ; deep learning ; spinors in quantum and classical physics ; quantum mechanics ; entropy ; original Bell inequality ; Bohmian dynamics ; qudit states ; square integrable ; uncertainty relation ; quantum bound ; uncertainty relations ; foundations of quantum mechanics ; Born probability rule ; Rényi entropy ; energy quantization ; quantum foundations ; Born rule ; measure of classicality ; minimal observable length ; quantum information ; Kochen–Specker theorem ; neuromorphic computing ; bell inequalities ; successive measurements ; Gleason theorem ; continuous variables ; quantum memory ; perfect correlation/anticorrelation ; quantum trajectory ; quantum computing ; high performance computing ; Quantum Hamilton-Jacobi Formalism ; quantum uncertainty
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  • 184
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The use of renewable energies and energy saving and efficiency are needs of global society and universities. Universities have a large responsibility and social impact, as they are an example and engine of social change. Universities, in the European context, must be at the forefront of ESA processes, seeking to be at the same level as, and preferably higher than, the rest of society, seeking a goal of 20% renewable energy for 2020 and, in the longer term, greater energy efficiency based on a diverse use of renewable energy and studying the feasibility of other energy processes (cogeneration, trigeneration, etc.). The application of renewable energies and energy efficiency allow universities to make significant savings in their costs and contribute to sustainable development and the fight against climate change. Actions in pursuit of these goals in addition to the objective of energy saving should promote research and form an example for the university community. This book aims to advance the contribution of energy saving and the use of renewable energies in order to achieve more sustainable universities.
    Keywords: bibliometrics ; community detection ; energy ; law ; sustainability ; smart contracts ; building information modeling (BIM) ; legal aspects ; bibliometric ; clustering ; renewable energy ; wind turbine ; pitch control ; electric generation ; universities ; university environmental impact ; urban planning ; sustainability assessment ; covenant of Mayors ; DC microgrid ; energy management system ; photovoltaic (PV) system ; energy storage system ; constant power load ; power generation control ; benchmark ; campus energy consumption ; heating and cooling degree-days ; energy model ; occupancy rate ; loquat seed ; biomass boiler ; greenhouse gases ; UNAM ; energy saving ; Mexico ; photovoltaic system (PVS) ; zapote seed ; energy consumption ; higher education institution ; energy efficiency indicators ; green campus ; social responsibility ; Spain ; zero-energy buildings ; energy efficiency ; bioclimatic architecture ; sustainable transport ; photovoltaic ; energy saving in laboratories ; energy saving in data processing centres ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 185
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Glass fibres are melt-spun, silica-based inorganic materials. Their main application is in glass fibre-reinforced composites, which account for more than 90% of all fibre-reinforced composites currently produced. Nevertheless, improvement of the key properties of composites remains challenging. The objective of this reprint is to focus on actual research topics related to glass fibres comprising multifunctional nanostructured surfaces, e.g., graphene, which can lead to electrically conductive fibres and their interphases in composites that are capable of uptake under a variety of mechanical, chemical, humidity, and thermal conditions for in situ sensing functions. Sizing of glass fibres help to protect the filaments from failure during processing and improves wetting and adhesion strength. Furthermore, the interphase may be varied by suppressing or promoting heterogeneous nucleation of a thermoplastic matrix and, thus, the transcrystalline layer can improve the mechanical performance. Improved interfacial shear strength was shown with chitosan as a coupling agent in phosphate glass fiber/polycaprolactone composites. Modulus mapping of plasma-synthesised interphases in glass fibre/polyester composites was used to examine the local mechanical properties across the interphase region. In addition, numerous analytical techniques were applied to investigate changes within the surface of unsized boron-free E-glass fibers after thermal conditioning at temperatures up to 700 °C.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Continuous casting is an industrial process whereby molten metal is solidified into a semi-finished billet, bloom, or slab for subsequent rolling in finishing mills; it is the most frequently used process to cast not only steel, but also aluminium and copper alloys. Since its widespread introduction for steel in the 1950s, it has evolved to achieve improved yield, quality, productivity and cost efficiency. It allows lower-cost production of metal sections with better quality, due to the inherently lower costs of continuous, standardized production of a product, as well as providing increased control over the process through automation. Nevertheless, challenges remain and new ones appear, as ways are sought to minimize casting defects and to cast alloys that could originally only be cast via other means. This Special Issue of the journal ""Metals"" consists of 14 research articles that cover many aspects of experimental work and theoretical modelling related to the ongoing development of continuous casting processes.
    Keywords: T1-995 ; TP155-156 ; inclusion motion ; n/a ; air mist spray cooling ; empirical mode decomposition ; electromagnetic field ; solidification ; final electromagnetic stirring ; beam blank ; liquid core reduction ; tundish ; thermomechanical coupling ; flow behavior ; steel tundish ; austenite grain coarsening ; pores ; annular argon blowing ; round bloom ; mold ; thin-slab cast direct-rolling ; data stream ; grain growth control ; propagation ; two-phase pinning ; HTC ; prediction ; argon gas distribution ; baffle ; flow field ; bubbles ; heat transfer ; inclusions ; upper nozzle ; swirling flow tundish ; crystal ; hybrid simulation model ; roll gap value ; inclusion entrapment ; fluid flow ; billet continuous casting ; mechanism ; heat flux ; numerical simulation ; secondary cooling ; uneven secondary cooling ; polycrystalline model ; mold level ; continuous casting ; entrainment ; slab continuous casting ; magnetohydrodynamics ; entrapment ; asymptotic analysis ; bulge deformation ; slab mold ; segmented roller ; velocity ; finite element analysis ; multi-source information fusion ; global optimization ; support vector regression ; variational mode decomposition ; multiphase flow ; molten steel flow ; PIV ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 187
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In order to measure and quantify the complex behavior of real-world systems, either novel mathematical approaches or modifications of classical ones are required to precisely predict, monitor, and control complicated chaotic and stochastic processes. Though the term of entropy comes from Greek and emphasizes its analogy to energy, today, it has wandered to different branches of pure and applied sciences and is understood in a rather rough way, with emphasis placed on the transition from regular to chaotic states, stochastic and deterministic disorder, and uniform and non-uniform distribution or decay of diversity. This collection of papers addresses the notion of entropy in a very broad sense. The presented manuscripts follow from different branches of mathematical/physical sciences, natural/social sciences, and engineering-oriented sciences with emphasis placed on the complexity of dynamical systems. Topics like timing chaos and spatiotemporal chaos, bifurcation, synchronization and anti-synchronization, stability, lumped mass and continuous mechanical systems modeling, novel nonlinear phenomena, and resonances are discussed.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; nonautonomous (autonomous) dynamical system ; stabilization ; multi-time scale fractional stochastic differential equations ; conditional Tsallis entropy ; wavelet transform ; hyperchaotic system ; Chua’s system ; permutation entropy ; neural network method ; Information transfer ; self-synchronous stream cipher ; colored noise ; Benettin method ; method of synchronization ; topological entropy ; geometric nonlinearity ; Kantz method ; dynamical system ; Gaussian white noise ; phase-locked loop ; wavelets ; Rosenstein method ; m-dimensional manifold ; deterministic chaos ; disturbation ; Mittag–Leffler function ; approximate entropy ; bounded chaos ; Adomian decomposition ; fractional calculus ; product MV-algebra ; Tsallis entropy ; descriptor fractional linear systems ; analytical solution ; fractional Brownian motion ; true chaos ; discrete mapping ; partition ; unbounded chaos ; fractional stochastic partial differential equation ; noise induced transitions ; random number generator ; Fourier spectrum ; hidden attractors ; (asymptotical) focal entropy point ; regular pencils ; continuous flow ; Bernoulli–Euler beam ; image encryption ; Gauss wavelets ; Lyapunov exponents ; discrete fractional calculus ; Lorenz system ; Schur factorization ; discrete chaos ; Wolf method ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 188
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Symmetry and complexity are the focus of a selection of outstanding papers, ranging from pure Mathematics and Physics to Computer Science and Engineering applications. This collection is based around fundamental problems arising from different fields, but all of them have the same task, i.e. breaking the complexity by the symmetry. In particular, in this Issue, there is an interesting paper dealing with circular multilevel systems in the frequency domain, where the analysis in the frequency domain gives a simple view of the system. Searching for symmetry in fractional oscillators or the analysis of symmetrical nanotubes are also some important contributions to this Special Issue. More papers, dealing with intelligent prognostics of degradation trajectories for rotating machinery in engineering applications or the analysis of Laplacian spectra for categorical product networks, show how this subject is interdisciplinary, i.e. ranging from theory to applications. In particular, the papers by Lee, based on the dynamics of trapped solitary waves for special differential equations, demonstrate how theory can help us to handle a practical problem. In this collection of papers, although encompassing various different fields, particular attention has been paid to the common task wherein the complexity is being broken by the search for symmetry.
    Keywords: fractional differential equations ; fractional oscillations (vibrations) ; fractional dynamical systems ; nonlinear dynamical systems ; harmonic wavelet ; filtering ; multilevel system ; forced Korteweg-de Vries equation ; trapped solitary wave solutions ; numerical stability ; two bumps or holes ; finite difference method ; Laplacian spectra ; categorical product ; Kirchhoff index ; global mean-first passage time ; spanning tree ; degradation trajectories prognostic ; asymmetric penalty sparse decomposition (APSD) ; rolling bearings ; wavelet neural network (WNN) ; recursive least squares (RLS) ; health indicators ; first multiple Zagreb index ; second multiple Zagreb index, hyper-Zagreb index ; Zagreb polynomials ; Nanotubes ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Ultrafine-grained metallic materials produced by severe plastic deformation methods are at the cutting edge of modern materials science. UFG-metals exhibit outstanding properties which make them very interesting for structural or functional engineering applications. Fifteen articles in this special issue address a broad variety of topics: New developments in severe plastic deformation techniques, advances in modeling and simulation of the severe plastic deformation processes, mechanical properties under monotonic and cyclic loading of homogenous and graded UFG structures, dominating deformation mechanisms in UFG materials, advances and strategies for high conductivity UFG-materials, correlation between severe plastic deformation parameters and resulting materials properties and peculiarities in the corrosion behavior of UFG materials. The book covers latest results on ultrafine-grained titanium, aluminum and copper alloys and on UFG iron and steels and thus provides a deep insight to current research activities in the field of ultrafine-grained metals.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; steel ; corrosion ; mechanical poroperties ; micorstructure ; conductivity ; severe plastic deformation ; iron ; aluminium alloys ; bulk metallic glass ; ultrafine-grained metals ; titanium alloys ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book comprises components associated with smart water which aims at the exploitation and building of more sustainable and technological water networks towards the water–energy nexus and system efficiency. The implementation of modeling frameworks for measuring the performance based on a set of relevant indicators and data applications and model interfaces provides better support for decisions towards greater sustainability and more flexible and safer solutions. The hydraulic, management, and structural models represent the most effective and viable way to predict the behavior of the water networks under a wide range of conditions of demand and system failures. The knowledge of reliable parameters is crucial to develop approach models and, therefore, positive decisions in real time to be implemented in smart water systems. On the other hand, the models of operation in real-time optimization allow us to extend decisions to smart water systems in order to improve the efficiency of the water network and ensure more reliable and flexible operations, maximizing cost, environmental, and social savings associated with losses or failures. The data obtained in real time instantly update the network model towards digital water models, showing the characteristic parameters of pumps, valves, pressures, and flows, as well as hours of operation towards the lowest operating costs, in order to meet the requirement objectives for an efficient system.
    Keywords: seismic reliability ; water distribution system ; optimal layout ; Anytown network ; water network expansion ; water network capacity ; intermittent water supply ; theoretical maximum flow ; system setting curve ; demand estimation ; Kalman filter ; node grouping ; genetic algorithm ; smart water ; water-energy nexus ; energy efficiency ; sustainable water management ; energy recovering ; design criteria ; structure analysis ; suspended pipelines ; finite element method (FEM) ; SWMM Toolkit ; sewer system ; design ; optimization ; micro-hydropower ; water supply networks ; energy potential ; tubular propeller turbine ; energy recovery ; urban flooding ; centralized reservoir ; decentralized reservoir ; cooperative operation ; most stringent water resources management ; initial provincial water rights ; dynamic projection pursuit ; energy saving ; Pump As Turbine (PAT) ; PAT and pump system (P&amp ; P) ; pumping ; water hammer ; air vessel sizing ; energy storage ; dynamic behavior ; CAES ; irrigation water networks ; renewable energy ; sustainability and efficiency ; hydropower solutions ; water management ; air-water ; air pocket ; air valve ; hydraulic model ; pipeline ; emptying ; water supply ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 191
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Biometrics, such as fingerprint, iris, face, hand print, hand vein, speech and gait recognition, etc., as a means of identity management have become commonplace nowadays for various applications. Biometric systems follow a typical pipeline, that is composed of separate preprocessing, feature extraction and classification. Deep learning as a data-driven representation learning approach has been shown to be a promising alternative to conventional data-agnostic and handcrafted pre-processing and feature extraction for biometric systems. Furthermore, deep learning offers an end-to-end learning paradigm to unify preprocessing, feature extraction, and recognition, based solely on biometric data. This Special Issue has collected 12 high-quality, state-of-the-art research papers that deal with challenging issues in advanced biometric systems based on deep learning. The 12 papers can be divided into 4 categories according to biometric modality; namely, face biometrics, medical electronic signals (EEG and ECG), voice print, and others.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Mercury is a global pollutant that affects the health of both humans and ecosystems. This Special Issue collects three review papers and six research articles that report on the latest findings on the mechanisms of mercury toxicology and its impacts on environmental health. This collection of papers provides useful, new information on the mechanisms of mercury toxicity and methods of improving the risk assessment of mercury exposure.
    Keywords: T1-995 ; TP155-156 ; toxicity ; Cd ; n/a ; chemokine ; sympathodominant state ; child development ; mRNA ; exposure assessment ; methylmercury ; Pb ; prenatal exposure ; heart rate variability ; review ; cortical precursors ; CCL4 ; Fish ; delayed toxicity ; dose-response relationship ; Hg ; severity ; low-dose exposure ; long term exposure ; methylmercury neurotoxicity ; brain ; correlation of signs and symptoms ; developmental neurotoxicity ; symptoms ; molecular mechanisms ; neurological findings ; delayed effects ; kinetics ; fetus ; oxidative stress ; mercury vapor ; metallothionein-III ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 193
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue presents the latest state-of-the-art research on solid fuels technology with dedicated, focused research papers. There are a variety of topics to choose from among the seven published re-search works to bring you up to date with the current trends in academia and industry.
    Keywords: petrographic characteristics ; sandstones ; physicomechanical properties ; concrete petrography ; CO2 storage ; acid-catalyzed wet torrefaction ; acid hydrolysis ; barley straw ; combined severity factor ; enhancement factor ; energy yield ; higher heating value ; response surface methodology ; coal seams ; methane resources ; numerical simulations ; legal issues ; removal of Cu ; mechanical activation of serpentinite ; sustainability ; wastewater treatment ; underground ; energy storage ; natural gas ; carbon storage ; hydrogen ; thermal energy ; CO2 ; chemical simulation ; NOx emission ; staged combustion ; high temperature ; strong reducing atmosphere ; biofuel ; biorenewables ; corn ; DDGS ; ethanol ; torrefaction ; waste-to-energy ; waste-to-carbon ; CSF ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: The many technical and computational problems that appear to be constantly emerging in various branches of physics and engineering beg for a more detailed understanding of the fundamental mathematics that serves as the cornerstone of our way of understanding natural phenomena. The purpose of this Special Issue was to establish a brief collection of carefully selected articles authored by promising young scientists and the world's leading experts in pure and applied mathematics, highlighting the state-of-the-art of the various research lines focusing on the study of analytical and numerical mathematical methods for pure and applied sciences.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; Bessel function ; n/a ; Grünwald–Letnikov derivative ; tensor calculus ; biosorption ; differential equations ; Caputo fractional derivatives of a function with respect to another function ; gamma distribution ; Mittag-Leffler function ; fractional Laplacian ; heavy metals toxicity ; discrete Fourier Transform ; anomalous diffusion ; ultraparabolic equation ; layer potentials ; exterior algebra ; Laplace transform ; Riemann–Liouville derivative ; integral transforms ; fredholmian operators ; time delay ; Orthogonality ; multispecies biofilm ; macroeconomics ; central limit theorem ; DFT in polar coordinates ; Bessel-Riesz motion ; Schur decomposition ; generating operator ; Mittag–Leffler function ; Fourier Theory ; multidimensional DFT ; fractional calculus ; Mellin integral transform ; electromagnetism ; fractional differential equations ; relativistic diffusion equation ; distributed lag ; space-time fractional diffusion equation ; Maxwell equations ; power law ; discrete Hankel Transform ; matrix function ; polar coordinates ; exterior calculus ; method of characteristics ; stable distribution ; mathematical finance ; linear elastostatics ; ultradiffusion process ; probabilistic representation ; Keynesian model ; subordination principle ; Laplace integral transform ; fractional derivative ; differential forms ; fractional integral ; integral equations ; transmutation operator ; operational calculus of Mikusinski type ; Caputo derivative ; Abel-type integral ; free boundary value problem ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In recent decades, the field of computational fluid dynamics has made significant advances in enabling advanced computing architectures to understand many phenomena in biological, geophysical, and engineering fluid flows. Almost all research areas in fluids use numerical methods at various complexities: from molecular to continuum descriptions; from laminar to turbulent regimes; from low speed to hypersonic, from stencil-based computations to meshless approaches; from local basis functions to global expansions, as well as from first-order approximation to high-order with spectral accuracy. Many successful efforts have been put forth in dynamic adaptation strategies, e.g., adaptive mesh refinement and multiresolution representation approaches. Furthermore, with recent advances in artificial intelligence and heterogeneous computing, the broader fluids community has gained the momentum to revisit and investigate such practices. This Special Issue, containing a collection of 13 papers, brings together researchers to address recent numerical advances in fluid mechanics.
    Keywords: fluid–structure interaction ; monolithic method ; Updated Lagrangian ; Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian ; computational aerodynamics ; Kutta condition ; compressible flow ; stream function ; non-linear Schrödinger equation ; cubic B-spline basis functions ; Galerkin method ; pressure tunnel ; hydraulic fracturing ; transient flow ; finite element method (FEM) ; Abaqus Finite Element Analysis (FEA) ; computational fluid dynamics ; RANS closures ; uncertainty quantification ; Reynolds stress tensor ; backward-facing step ; OpenFOAM ; large eddy simulations (LES) ; shock capturing ; adaptive filter ; explicit filtering ; jet ; proper orthogonal decomposition ; coherent structures ; turbulence ; vector flow fields ; PIV ; buildings ; urban area ; pollution dispersion ; Large Eddy Simulation (LES) ; multiple drop impact ; computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation ; volume-of-fluid ; crater dimensions ; vorticity ; transient incompressible Navier-Stokes ; meshless point collocation method ; stream function-vorticity formulation ; strong form ; explicit time integration ; wall layer model ; LES ; separated flow ; body fitted ; immersed boundary ; reduced order modeling ; Kolmogorov n-width ; Galerkin projection ; turbulent flows ; reduced order model ; closure model ; variational multiscale method ; deep residual neural network ; internal combustion engines ; liquid-cooling system ; heat transfer ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Deep learning has been revolutionizing many fields in computer vision, and facial informatics is one of the major fields. Novel approaches and performance breakthroughs are often reported on existing benchmarks. As the performances on existing benchmarks are close to saturation, larger and more challenging databases are being made and considered as new benchmarks, further pushing the advancement of the technologies. Considering face recognition, for example, the VGG-Face2 and Dual-Agent GAN report nearly perfect and better-than-human performances on the IARPA Janus Benchmark A (IJB-A) benchmark. More challenging benchmarks, e.g., the IARPA Janus Benchmark A (IJB-C), QMUL-SurvFace and MegaFace, are accepted as new standards for evaluating the performance of a new approach. Such an evolution is also seen in other branches of face informatics. In this Special Issue, we have selected the papers that report the latest progresses made in the following topics: 1. Face liveness detection 2. Emotion classification 3. Facial age estimation 4. Facial landmark detection We are hoping that this Special Issue will be beneficial to all fields of facial informatics.
    Keywords: deep learning ; RGB ; depth ; facial landmarking ; merging networks ; 3D geometry data ; 2D attribute maps ; fused CNN feature ; coarse-to-fine ; convolutional neural network (CNN) ; deep metric learning ; multi-task learning ; image classification ; age estimation ; generative adversarial network ; emotion classification ; facial key point detection ; facial images processing ; convolutional neural networks ; face liveness detection ; convolutional neural network ; thermal image ; external knowledge ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book gives an overview of the state of the art in Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation research for the treatment of industrial and urban wastewaters and provides novel solutions to overcome the current challenges of this technology. These solutions include tailoring of the catalysts to exploit the use of additional energy sources and oxidants. The collected papers illustrate the high versatility of this low-cost technology, easily adaptable to any kind of wastewater, either polluted by high-loaded recalcitrant organics in industrial wastewaters or by emerging pollutants at microconcentration levels in urban waters.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; toxicity ; autocatalytic kinetics ; n/a ; fouling ; degradation ; H2O2 ; Fenton system ; crystal violet ; goethite ; water treatment ; Fenton reaction ; emerging micro-pollutants ; ligands ; wastewater ; adsorption ; potable reuse ; wet air oxidation ; solar radiation ; iron leaching ; 1 ; catalytic wet peroxidation ; autocombustion ; 4-dioxane ; antibiotics ; iron redox cycle ; advanced oxidation processes ; wet peroxide oxidation ; chemical oxygen demand ; circumneutral pH ; waste valorization ; wastewater treatment ; gold-based catalysts ; chlorobenzenes ; heterogeneous Fenton ; photocatalysis ; WO3/n?-Al2O3 ; CDots/g-C3N4 ; condensation by-products nature ; cost ; hydroxylamine ; biochemical oxygen demand ; condensation by-products ; advanced oxidation technology ; EDTA ; Tris ; hydroxyl radical ; radiation ; wastewater effluent ; water matrix ; catalytic wet peroxide oxidation ; phenol degradation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 198
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: The present Special Issue intends to explore new directions in the field of acoustics and ultrasonics. The interest includes, but is not limited to, the use of acoustic technology for condition monitoring of materials and structures. Topics of interest (among others): • Acoustic emission in materials and structures (without material limitation) • Innovative cases of ultrasonic inspection • Wave dispersion and waveguides • Monitoring of innovative materials • Seismic waves • Vibrations, damping and noise control • Combination of mechanical wave techniques with other types for structural health monitoring purposes. Experimental and numerical studies are welcome.
    Keywords: QC221-246 ; QA1-939 ; QC1-999 ; Vibrations ; Combination of mechanical wave techniques with other types for structural health monitoring purposes ; Innovative cases of ultrasonic inspection ; damping and noise control ; Wave dispersion and waveguides ; Monitoring of innovative materials ; Seismic waves ; Acoustic emission in materials and structures (without material limitation)
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The aging population and the increased prevalence of neurological diseases have raised the issue of gait and balance disorders as a major public concern worldwide. Indeed, gait and balance disorders are responsible for a high healthcare and economic burden on society, thus, requiring new solutions to prevent harmful consequences. Recently, wearable sensors have provided new challenges and opportunities to address this issue through innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Accordingly, the book “Wearable Sensors in the Evaluation of Gait and Balance in Neurological Disorders” collects the most up-to-date information about the objective evaluation of gait and balance disorders, by means of wearable biosensors, in patients with various types of neurological diseases, including Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke, traumatic brain injury, and cerebellar ataxia. By adopting wearable technologies, the sixteen original research articles and reviews included in this book offer an updated overview of the most recent approaches for the objective evaluation of gait and balance disorders.
    Keywords: inertial measurement units ; gait analysis ; biomedical signal processing ; pattern recognition ; step detection ; physiological signals ; Parkinson’s disease ; pathological gait ; turning analysis ; wearable sensors ; mobile gait analysis ; wearables ; inertial sensors ; traumatic brain injury ; dynamic balance ; gait disorders ; gait patterns ; head injury ; gait symmetry ; gait smoothness ; acceleration ; machine learning ; classification ; accelerometer ; GAITRite ; multi-regression normalization ; SVM ; random forest classifier ; balance ; gait ; transcranial direct current stimulation ; wearable electronics ; IMUs ; cueing ; posture ; rehabilitation ; cerebellar ataxia ; movement analysis ; personalized medicine ; stroke ; asymmetry ; trunk ; reliability ; validity ; aging ; reactive postural responses ; yaw perturbation ; kinematics ; postural stability ; dynamic posturography ; multiple sclerosis ; gait metrics ; test-retest reliability ; sampling frequency ; accelerometry ; autocorrelation ; harmonic ratio ; six-minute walk ; back school ; inertial sensor ; lower back pain ; stability ; timed up and go test ; gait assessment ; tri-axial accelerometer ; CV ; healthy subjects ; test-retest ; trajectory reconstruction ; stride segmentation ; dynamic time warping ; pedestrian dead-reckoning ; near falls ; loss of balance ; pre-impact fall detection ; activities of daily life ; bio-signals ; EEG ; EMG ; wireless sensors ; posturography ; Alzheimer’s disease ; vestibular syndrome ; diagnosis ; symptoms monitoring ; wearable ; home-monitoring ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This selection of ten papers, published in 2019 by researchers and institutions based in various countries around the world, allows an appreciation of the variety and significance of ongoing research in the wide field of protective and functional coatings. The most noteworthy investigations conducted in the area of surface protection are currently proceeding at a similar rapid pace in a twofold direction toward deeper and increasingly reliable knowledge of degradation and protection mechanisms as well as technological optimization of the selection and design of new materials, coating deposition processes, and characterization methods. This summarized collection serves as a representative essay of the collective worldwide efforts toward the development of more durable surfaces. Both organic and inorganic coatings are included among the protection strategies from a large variety of deposition processes, with interesting examples of organic–inorganic composites being proposed. Major attention is devoted to protection from both electrochemical and chemical corrosion of different metallic alloys and to advanced SiC-SiC composites exposed to the aggressive environments of gas turbines. Examples of modelling of wear corrosion examples are also reported. A dedicated space was intentionally devoted to the selection of papers detailing examples of the applicability of advanced characterization techniques. As an example of the wide field of research on innovative functional coatings, one study presents Mo alloys as an electrocatalytic material for the hydrogen evolution reaction. A comprehensive review of directed energy deposition additive manufacturing of metallic components completes this collection.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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