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  • Books  (367)
  • thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry  (173)
  • thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology  (101)
  • thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences  (93)
  • IntechOpen  (367)
  • Washington, DC : United States Gov. Print. Off.
  • Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
  • English  (367)
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  • Books  (367)
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  • English  (367)
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  • 1
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    Epilepsy During the Lifespan (2024)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Epilepsy During the Lifespan - Beyond the Diagnosis and New Perspectives discusses the most widespread neurological pathology in the world. The book presents interesting contributions to controversial topics in epilepsy. It includes nine chapters organized into three sections: “New and Old Perspectives on Epilepsy”, “Epileptic Syndromes” and “Society and Epilepsy”.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Essential Oils (2024)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In recent years, great progress has been made in the field of essential oils as scientific research has revealed new insights into the biological benefits, healing properties, and other uses. Interest in their use in various industries, such as medicine, agriculture, food, and cosmetics, has increased. Essential oils have found their place in many applications, thus fueling a wave of scientific research and industrial applications. This book explores these recent developments in detail, revealing new perspectives and applications of essential oils. It combines historical knowledge with the latest research to provide a comprehensive overview of the field. By exploring the ancient legacy of aromatic plants and their traditional medicinal uses, as well as delving into the latest research and industrial applications, this book provides a comprehensive understanding of essential oils and their potential.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Potential Therapeutic Strategies for Muscular Dystrophy (2024)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: The book provides a comprehensive overview of the different forms of muscular dystrophy (MD), including potential therapeutic interventions and the advantages associated with repurposing pharmaceuticals for treating these conditions. In addition, the book examines the effects of physical training on improving symptoms as well as patient quality of life and life span. The target audience of this book comprises students, researchers, and doctors with an interest in the field of muscular dystrophy.
    Keywords: muscle strength ; stem cells ; cell therapy ; physiotherapy ; astrocyte ; cell proliferation ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Vitamin B and Vitamin E (2024)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Vitamin B is a water-soluble vitamin that plays important roles in cell metabolism and synthesis of red blood cells. Many foods contain B vitamins, including meat, poultry, and fish, among others. Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin with antioxidant properties that can be found in vegetable oils, cereals, meat, poultry, eggs, and fruits. Both vitamins B and E are important for human health. This book provides a comprehensive overview of vitamins B and E. It is organized into three sections on the role of vitamin B on body health and gut flora, vitamin B deficiency and its association with the disease pellagra, and the medicinal significance and complications associated with vitamin E deficiency.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Vegetation Index and Dynamics (2024)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book contemplates methodologies that can be used in the teaching of future experts in agriculture and plant cultivation. It expresses the need for knowledge transfer for good territorial management in the current era of climate change. In most cases, land management at the planetary level is sustainable, but today's society demands sustainable development. To improve the training of technicians in sustainable development methodologies, this book presents some methods and techniques compatible with ecodevelopment.
    Keywords: Climax ; Diversity ; Ecology ; Shrubs ; Borders ; Grasslands ; Dynamic Stages ; Methodological Analysis ; Teaching Methods ; Conservation ; Exploitation ; Natural Resources ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Seed Biology (2024)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Seeds are important reproductive materials that enable the continued existence of plants. They are the first step of life and the key to production, sufficiency, and nutrition, in other words, existence. This book provides a comprehensive overview of seed biology, with chapters on seed morphology, physiology, metabolomics, ecology, dormancy, storage, germination, and viability.
    Keywords: Flowering Time ; Environmental Factors ; Seed Production ; Species ; Harvest Period ; Seed Development ; Seed Dormancy ; Germination ; Longevity ; Storage ; Embryo ; Endosperm ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Ataxia (2024)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This book presents a comprehensive overview of ataxia, a common neurological disorder that affects all ages. It can manifest in children when they start to sit and walk and under a specific form of genetic disease and in the elderly through falls that worsen with age. In general, ataxia consists of the involuntary lack of coordination of muscle movements, which mainly presents as abnormalities in gait, changes in speech (e. g., scanning speech), and abnormal eye movements such as nystagmus. It results from dysfunction of the nervous system areas responsible for the coordination of movements and, most commonly, the cerebellum and its connections to the cerebrum and periphery. The book is organized into three sections and six chapters that address such topics as genetic conditions, childhood-onset ataxia, ataxia and multiple sclerosis, therapeutic interventions, and more.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Stroke (2024)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Adequate stroke care access not only requires the availability of comprehensive healthcare facilities but also needs affordability and knowledge of the availability of these services. Presentations of stroke syndromes depend on their location, size, and underlying comorbidities. These lesions can have clinical features of increased intracranial pressure, focal neurological deficits, or seizures (generalized or partial) with rapid progression. This book presents high-quality research work on recent advances in the management of stroke.
    Keywords: rehabilitation ; eeg ; endothelial dysfunction ; headache ; spasticity ; neurofeedback ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Plant Physiology Annual Volume 2023 (2024)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book summarizes the design of drought-tolerant crops through CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing, focusing on reprogramming gene expression patterns that regulate the balance of plant hormones. The organic farming system is presented to highlight the potential role of alleviating changing climate-related abiotic stress. The current knowledge of artificial photosynthesis systems and cellular processes related to photosynthetic biochemistry was illustrated. Additionally, it explores intriguing subtopics of plant physiology, including an alternative natural rubber source and plant reproductive strategies, contributing to advancements in agricultural biotechnology. Recommended for students, teachers, and researchers interested in applied plant physiology, plant biochemistry, and crop breeding.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    〈i〉Elaeis guineensis〈/i〉 (2024)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Elaeis guineensis is the scientific name for oil palm. It is also referred to as African oil palm as well as macaw fat. The industry is undoubtedly one of the most important commercial businesses in the world at present. The high oil yield of oil palms has made it a common cooking ingredient in Southeast Asia and the tropical belt of Africa. There are many new technologies hailed and explored to maintain the sustainability of the palm oil industry. This book provides an overview of these aspects while providing information on managing the gaps and voids of the industry in order to sustain its viability and feasibility. It is hoped that this book will provide valuable information to academics, industry personnel, manufacturers, and other categories of stakeholders of the palm oil industry alike.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    Frontiers in Hydrocephalus (2024)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This book represents the collective expertise and dedication of numerous scholars and professionals from around the globe who share a keen interest in hydrocephalus. As a specialized text, it delves into the most advanced concepts and technological developments in the diagnosis and treatment of hydrocephalus. This book offers an extensive introduction to the history of hydrocephalus treatment, the current state of therapeutic approaches, diverse treatment methods, common complications associated with hydrocephalus, and the diagnosis and treatment of several rare forms of the condition. While the book consolidates traditional viewpoints, it places even greater emphasis on presenting the most recent diagnostic and treatment concepts in hydrocephalus. The innovative inductive summaries of certain rare or unique types of hydrocephalus are particularly noteworthy. This comprehensive approach allows readers to gain a more profound and well-rounded understanding of the evolution and future trajectory of hydrocephalus. Catering to a diverse audience, this book is not only appropriate for junior neurosurgeons seeking a foundational understanding of hydrocephalus but also serves to satisfy the more in-depth inquiries of experienced senior neurosurgeons exploring the subject matter.
    Keywords: tuberculosis ; biomechanics ; ascites ; meningitis ; intracranial pressure ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    Parkinson’s Disease (2024)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Despite being described about 200 years ago, the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is not well understood due to its complex etiology and heterogeneity of symptoms and progression. Animal models provide a great opportunity to follow the progression of neurodegeneration and to screen potent therapeutic molecules, knowledge of which can be critical for different levels of clinical trials. Contemporary health technologies are coming in handy to accelerate the pace of developing novel and refined therapeutic strategies for PD. This book, Parkinson’s Disease - Animal Models, Current Therapies and Clinical Trials, provides a comprehensive overview of PD, presenting information on animal models of PD and contemporary therapeutic strategies, health technologies, clinical trials, and their influence on the quality of life of patients with PD.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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  • 13
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    Resource Management in Agroecosystems (2024)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In our rapidly growing and changing world, the sustainable management of Earth’s resources has become an urgent global priority. Resource Management in Agroecosystems provides a compass for navigating this complex terrain. It offers a multifaceted exploration of resource management from sustainable agricultural practices to water and energy optimization, soil conservation, and biodiversity preservation. This book delves deep into the strategies needed to harmonize food production with environmental stewardship. Beyond addressing challenges, this book also spotlights opportunities, inviting readers to embark on a transformative journey. With profound gratitude to our authors, reviewers, and publishers, we invite you to join us in this intellectual odyssey. Let Resource Management in Agroecosystems guide you toward a more sustainable and resilient future, where the needs of humanity harmonize with the well-being of our planet.
    Keywords: climate change ; sustainability ; environment ; biodiversity ; global warming ; carbon sequestration ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    Multiple Sclerosis (2024)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a lifelong neurological condition that has no known cure. This book provides an extensive exploration of current and future directions for understanding immunology, neuroscience, and the development of potent treatment modalities. It presents an in-depth analysis and expert commentary on the role of genetics, lifestyle factors, biomarkers, neuroimaging, cognitive domains, artificial intelligence, and innate immunity in MS pathogenesis. We hope that the book is helpful to readers of all spheres of life, including those who want to understand more about MS, those who are keen to improve their understanding of MS disease pathogenesis, those who are enthusiastic to know more about treatment modalities, and those who want to be informed about state-of-the-art clinical developments in MS.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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  • 15
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    Making Plant Life Easier and Productive Under Salinity (2024)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Human health is closely linked with the health of the soil, which is both a vital resource for feeding the burgeoning global population via agriculture and vital to realizing most of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. However, increased salinization is significantly impacting the health of soil due to excess accumulation of varied salts (e.g., toxic ions including Cl− of Na+, HCO3−, Ca2+ and Mg2+, and sometimes SO42− and CO32−). Unfortunately, soil salinization has already affected about 20% of total arable land and 33% of irrigated land. Soil salinization negatively affects the health and productivity of plants and crops and thus threatens agriculture and food security worldwide. Moreover, it is predicted that by 2050, 16. 2 million ha of land will be affected by salt, which is predicted to cause 30%–50% yield losses worldwide. Making Plant Life Easier and Productive Under Salinity - Updates and Prospects provides a comprehensive overview of salinity and its major impacts. Chapters discuss important approaches for making plant life easier and more productive under salinity, the scale and complexity of salinity impacts on Sri Lankan rice farming systems, salinity stress responses of major metabolites, in vitro production of terpene in plants, the major mechanisms underlying phytohormone-mediated control of salinity impacts in plants, and genomics-assisted breeding approaches for achieving salinity tolerance in cereal crops.
    Keywords: phytohormones ; abiotic stress ; stress ; secondary metabolites ; in vitro ; stress tolerance ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
    Language: English
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  • 16
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    Plant Abiotic Stress Responses and Tolerance Mechanisms (2024)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Climate change is threatening the world’s agricultural systems. High temperatures, drought, salinity, greenhouse gas emissions, and more are abiotic stresses that hinder plants’ ability to survive. Thus, it is vitally important that science designs and develops strategies to help plants not only survive stress but also thrive under stressful conditions. Plant Abiotic Stress Responses and Tolerance Mechanisms provides a comprehensive overview of plant morpho-physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses to different abiotic stresses. It includes seven chapters that address such topics as current challenges and future threats of plant abiotic stresses, regulatory networks in plants under abiotic stresses, plant adaptation to temperature extremes and salinity, plant secondary metabolites and stress tolerance, and the role of phytohormones in plant stress tolerance.
    Keywords: oxidative stress ; nanoparticles ; drought ; salinity ; secondary metabolites ; genes ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
    Language: English
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  • 17
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    Advances in Cerebral Aneurysm Treatment (2024)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: As diagnostic and functional neuroimaging advances, the choice of the best patient-tailored treatment for cerebral aneurysm becomes far more difficult. New technologies that can help identify the most suitable therapy include machine learning algorithms to process big data, robotic applications for interventional procedures, and dynamic vascular flow models. Different biological and epidemiological parameters have been delineated as prognostic factors that add a fundamental piece of information to the decision of whether to proceed with surgery, endovascular treatment, or a combination of both. With technical improvement and prolonged patient life expectancy, recurrent cerebral aneurysm is becoming more common. To deal with the complex issue of aneurysm re-intervention, a clear definition of the clinical and radiological outcomes is essential. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the currently emerging innovations in the treatment of cerebral aneurysms, from their pre-operative holistic assessment to long-term follow-up, focusing on the opportunities provided by the newest technologies.
    Keywords: machine learning ; artificial intelligence ; neuroinflammation ; neurosurgery ; ischemic stroke ; subarachnoid hemorrhage ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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  • 18
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    Phosphorus in Soils and Plants (2024)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Phosphorus (P) stands second to nitrogen in terms of its essentiality as a plant macronutrient, as well as due to its involvement in almost all plant developmental stages, primary and secondary plant metabolisms, maintenance of membrane structures, and in the structural skeleton of major biomolecules. An optimum P-supply also helps plants combat abiotic stress impacts. Most P in soil remains unavailable for uptake by plants. P-containing fertilizers are being added to agricultural lands to sustain high yields. Only the least amount of the applied P (20%–30%) is used by most cultivated plants, and the rest remains as legacy P (P surpluses), which eventually causes eutrophication. This book, Phosphorus in Soils and Plants, reviews P in soils and plants, P dynamics in the soil–water–sediment environment, the major roles of P in the photosynthetic dark phase-biochemical pathways, major approaches for the sustainable management of P in agriculture, main mechanisms underlying the role of P in the regulation of plant–microbe interactions in the rhizosphere, literature on the role of microbial phosphate solubilization in management of soil and plant nutrients, and insights into P recovery through waste transformation. This volume is an important resource for plant biologists involved in teaching or research who wish to advance their knowledge of P in soils and plants.
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
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  • 19
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    Cerebral and Cerebellar Cortex (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Cerebral and Cerebellar Cortex – Interaction and Dynamics in Health and Disease discusses several important issues of cerebro-cerebellar collaboration and interactions. The morphological and functional study of the cerebral and cerebellar cortices and their interaction has considerable value for interpreting the clinical phenomenology of cortical degenerations in the initial stage of the disease. In addition, the analysis of cerebro-cerebellar interactions strongly supports the concept of the close functional unity and harmonization of the brain and the cerebellum, underlining the important role that the cerebellar cortex plays in the performance of higher mental faculties, creativity, emotional processes, and homeostatic equilibrium of the human body.
    Keywords: alzheimer’s disease, mitochondria, stroke, neurodegeneration, neuroplasticity, cerebellum ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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  • 20
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    Vegetation (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book looks at vegetation changes across the world. The use of normalized difference vegetation index, CORINE Land Cover, geographical information systems and remote sensing to monitor vegetation changes is highlighted. Conversion of dense forests into agricultural land, grazing areas or settlements and land cover changes in a Miombo woodland are reported. The role of neotropical forests as carbon pool stores and a reservoir of global biodiversity is explored. Influence of climate on island forest vegetation types, structure and diversity is reported in detail. Restoration of a degraded wildlife corridor through re-establishing native vegetation in India is also documented. Finally, the role of apomixes, a form of asexual reproduction via seed, in propagation of neotropical plants is discussed.
    Keywords: diversity, remote sensing, conservation, gis, global warming, deforestation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
    Language: English
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    Amino Acid (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Amino Acid - New Insights and Roles in Plant and Animal provides useful information on new aspects of amino acid structure, synthesis reactions, dietary application in animals, and metabolism in plants. Section 1 includes chapters that describe the therapeutic uses, antiallergic effects, new aspects in the D-amino acid structure, historical background of desmosines, and stereoselective synthesis of ?-aminophosphonic acids. Section 2 presents the role of amino acids in plants, which includes new insights and aspects of D-amino acids, metabolism and transport in soybean, changes during energy storage compound accumulation of microalgae, and determination of amino acids from natural compounds. Section 3 describes the chapters on methodologies and requirement of dietary amino acids for Japanese quails, laying hens, and finishing pigs. The final chapter identifies potential importance of glutathione S-transferase activity for generating resistance to triclabendazole in Fasciola hepatica.
    Keywords: amino acids, biomarkers, bacteria, microalgae, phytochemicals, physiology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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    Grasses (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book has been prepared to embody the major and efficient applications of the different duties and roles of grasses in our life, as well as offered a solid concept for this kind of science. The book aims to illustrate various ideas, methods and how it is treated in the agronomic process for different forms of grasses in human life.
    Keywords: climate change, bioremediation, food security, ecology, microorganisms, biological control ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
    Language: English
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    Current Topics in Lactation (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Lactation is a fascinating process. Research over the last decade has provided new insights into the regulation of mammary gland development and involution. Lactation is the last step in reproduction, and therefore it is linked to reproduction strategy. Photoperiod species such as sheep, or pseudo-ovulatory (at mid-gestation) species as the rodent Lagostomus maximus, are interesting and unique models to study mammary gland physiology. This book also offers updated insights into the mechanisms that control postlactational involution, therefore also providing information to better understand breast cancer. Small noncoding RNA has opened new understanding in gene regulation. In this regard, our knowledge of mammary gland development and milk secretion has increased extremely. This book provides current scientific information on all these interesting topics. It will certainly be of great benefit to those interested in biomedical sciences.
    Keywords: mammary gland, breast cancer, microrna, melatonin, genome editing, cell death ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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    Irrigation in Agroecosystems (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The agroecosystem is one of the most fascinating, purposely human-created functional units, by which human species made a huge leap from predators and nomads to food growers (agriculturists). Irrigation is one of the oldest and still one of the most effective agricultural practices for providing continuous and quality foodstuffs.
    Keywords: evapotranspiration, bacteria, water, fungi, virus, dispersion ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
    Language: English
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    Symbiosis in Nature (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Symbiosis is a vital and enduring interaction between two species in nature, benefiting both organisms involved. Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism are the three main types of symbiotic relationships. Mutualism benefits both species, commensalism benefits one species while leaving the other unaffected, and parasitism benefits one species at the expense of the other. These interactions play a crucial role in maintaining ecosystem stability and functionality. Symbiosis relies on a close genetic, physiological, and morphological connection between the participating species. Numerous examples demonstrate the significance of symbiosis in nature. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria, for instance, convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, which plants can utilize as a nutrient. This process reduces the reliance on chemical fertilizers. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhance nutrient and water absorption in plants, while certain bacteria in the soil improve nutrient availability, plant development, and photosynthesis. These instances highlight the diverse ways in which symbiosis supports the well-being of different species. This book thoroughly explores various aspects of symbiosis in nature, delving into topics such as signaling, its importance in agriculture, and its role in mitigating abiotic stresses. It also provides a comprehensive exploration of various aspects related to symbiosis in nature, offering readers a valuable opportunity to enhance their understanding of this subject. By offering valuable insights, the book sheds light on the beneficial relationships that exist between different species. Overall, symbiosis is an integral mechanism that promotes the interdependence and cooperation of species in nature. Understanding the complexities and benefits of symbiotic relationships is essential for comprehending and preserving the delicate balance within ecosystems.
    Keywords: rhizosphere, heavy metals, gut microbiota, legumes, regeneration, pathogens ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
    Language: English
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    Chlorophylls (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Chlorophyll, a green pigment present in almost all plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, is a significant biomolecule essential to photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert light into energy. This book provides a comprehensive and easy-to-understand source of information on the latest developments in chlorophyll research. It is a collection of contributions from leading specialists in the subject. Topics discussed include the medicinal uses of chlorophyll, the electronic structure of chlorophyll monomers and oligomers, and chlorophyll estimate from fluorescence vertical profiles in the ocean.
    Keywords: Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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    Sustainability of Agroecosystems (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The present book is composed of modern theoretical and applied studies that highlight the core principles and evidence of sustainable agriculture. This work is systematically divided into two sections, which summarize crucial insights into this theme, such as agroecological concepts, case studies, soil health, and agroforestry systems. The chapters included in this book have been written by researchers whose expertise allows the relatively complex sustainable agroecosystem-related topics to be easily understood by any reader. Therefore, the target audience comprises not only scholars and specialists in the field but also common people and enthusiasts about this theme. Such chapter's collection is certainly a valuable resource about agricultural sustainable principles and a pleasure reading for those who are willing to dive more deeply into the study of "sustainability of agroecosystems."
    Keywords: biodiversity, agroforestry, soil fertility, soil quality, manure, crop yield ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
    Language: English
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    Proteomics Technologies and Applications (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Proteomics Technologies and Applications reviews and describes the nature and application of molecules with proteins or peptides, and elucidates and predicts the possible molecular and physiological causes related to changing proteomic profiles. Chapters target various methods and tools available for analysis, detection, separation, quantification, and localization of cell proteomes of a biological system, which are helpful as biomarkers for various disease prognoses and diagnoses.
    Keywords: mass spectrometry, biomarkers, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, melanoma, glioblastoma ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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    Paraplegia (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: In the last decade, diverse research areas have developed novel approaches to overcome dysfunctions after a spinal cord injury (SCI). Even though motor restoration attracts the most clinical attention, sensory, autonomic, and mental health are also aspects fundamental to improving the quality of life of SCI patients. Over four sections of therapeutic, rehabilitation, and technological approaches, this book examines preclinical and clinical studies using mesenchymal stem cells and pharmacological or electrical stimulation strategies. Chapters also address the impact of paraplegia and associated loss of autonomic functions, including bowel and sexual dysfunction, as well as the convergence of new technologies aimed at providing postural support and enhancing mobility.
    Keywords: rehabilitation, stem cell therapy, spinal cord injury, exoskeleton, biomaterials, gut microbiota ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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    Update on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This book contains selected peer-reviewed chapters which cover updated information on ALS written by international researchers. Update on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is comprised of 13 chapters from some of the world's top central nervous system researchers and neurologists to provide a timely review of the most recent developments in ALS, covering historic aspects, experimental animal models, genetics, pathogenesis, clinical aspects and imagenology among others. Contributors from Belgium, France, Japan, India, Italy, Mexico, Russia, South Africa, and Switzerland have collaborated enthusiastically and efficiently, dedicating their time to create this reader-friendly yet comprehensive work which includes many explanatory figures, tables and photos to enhance legibility and make the book clinically useful. We are looking forward with confidence and pride in the remarkable role that this book will play for a new vision and mission.
    Keywords: als, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als), oxidative stress, biomarkers, alzheimer’s disease, neurodegeneration ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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    Frontiers In Traumatic Brain Injury (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has the highest incidence of all common neurological dysfunctions and is a risk factor for a variety of neurological diseases. TBI is a major public health burden and the care of TBI patients is difficult. This book provides a comprehensive overview of TBI, addressing progress and needs in research as well as challenges in treatment. Chapters address such topics as emergency room airway management in TBI, craniocerebral injury in pediatric patients, traumatic optic neuropathy, and more.
    Keywords: Clinical & internal medicine ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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    Photosynthesis (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book is a compilation. It starts from the origins of the photosynthetic capacity of organisms with a summary of the evolution of photosynthesis. This is followed by a concise description of the photosynthetic process and a discussion of the role that light, nutrients, and cultivation play in the photosynthetic process using examples in each case. Finally, the book explains future improvements in the field by applying nanotechnology to improve photosynthetic productivity, explaining how crop productivity can be increased by engineering crop plants for tolerance against various environmental stresses and improving yield attributes, especially photosynthetic efficiency using nanomaterials.
    Keywords: sustainability, stress, biofilm, co2, plasticity, abiotic factors ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
    Language: English
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    Epileptology (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Epilepsy seems to represent one of the most frequent neurological diseases and occurs in about 1% of the general population. Although epilepsy is known since antiquity, the precise data on its pathogenesis and effective treatment are still collected and nowadays represents an interest for neurologists and psychiatrists. Being a neurological disease, epilepsy is characterized by a broad palette of comorbid psychiatric disorders (affective and anxiety disorders, psychoses) that reduce the quality of life. Moreover, the risk of suicidal attempts in persons with epilepsy is much higher than in general population that once again increases the actuality of epilepsy research in many aspects. The book contains 13 chapters written by different authors from all over the world on different topics, including phenomenology, pathogenesis, and treatment in epilepsy. The modern data on these topics may be helpful for many specialists in the domain of epileptology.
    Keywords: epilepsy, antiepileptic drugs, clinical manifestations, epidemiology, toxicity, genetics ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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    Alzheimer's Disease (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This Edited Volume Alzheimer’s Disease is a collection of reviewed and relevant research chapters, offering a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the field. The book comprises single chapters authored by various researchers and edited by an expert in the field, working on Alzheimer’s disease and dementia with cutting-edge technology. All chapters are complete in themselves but united under a common research study topic. This publication aims at providing a thorough overview of the latest research efforts by international authors in this research area, and opening new possible research paths for further novel developments.
    Keywords: Clinical & internal medicine ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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    Revisiting Plant Biostimulants (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Revisiting Plant Biostimulants focuses on recent advances in plant biostimulants (PBs), an eco-friendly sustainable technology that supports the increased agricultural production required to feed rapidly growing populations. PBs contain diverse bioactive natural substances: (i) humic and fulvic acids, (ii) animal and vegetal protein hydrolysates, (iii) macroalgae seaweed extracts, and (iv) silicon, as well as beneficial microorganisms. There are many concerns about the sustainability of current conventional methods as continued use of chemicals degrades both soil and the environment. This book explores the use of PBs, and their potential responses to current and impending environmental change.
    Keywords: Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
    Language: English
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    Carotenoids (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Carotenoids are one of the most widespread pigment groups distributed in nature; more than 700 natural carotenoids have been described so far. These pigments are known for versatile roles they play in living organisms; however, their most pivotal function is involvement in scavenging of reactive oxygen species and photoprotection. In the same time, carotenoids as natural pigments with important biological activities, such as antioxidant and provitamin A activity, have a great potential in the food, feed and pharmaceutical industries. They can be either extracted from plants and algae or synthesized by various microorganisms, including bacteria, yeasts, filamentous fungi and microalgae.
    Keywords: β-carotene, antioxidants, toxicity, cardiovascular disease, stress, microalgae ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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    A Critical Evaluation of Vitamin D (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The book A Critical Evaluation of Vitamin D - Basic Overview targets the physiological, biochemical and immunological aspects of vitamin D, including principles, mechanisms and clinical significance. This book covers four sections: ‘Vitamin D on Physical and Physiological Activities’, ‘Vitamin D on Biochemical and Immunological Activities’, ‘Vitamin D on Musculoskeletal and Neurological System’ and ‘Vitamin D on Reproductive System’. Each of these sections is interwoven with the theoretical aspects and experimental techniques of basic and clinical sciences. This book will be a significant source to students, scientists, physicians, healthcare professionals and also other members of this society who are interested in exploring the role of vitamin D in human life. We derive vitamin D from the sunshine, and hence it can also be considered as ‘day’ vitamin.
    Keywords: osteoporosis, vitamin d deficiency, cancer, inflammation, oxidative stress, biomarkers ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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    Next-Generation Greenhouses for Food Security (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Modern greenhouse technology has revolutionized the food supply chain scenario over the past 40 years. Closed-field cultivation by means of agri-cubes, plant factories, vertical farming structures, and roof-top solar greenhouses has become the backbone of sustainable agriculture for producing all-year-round fresh fruits and vegetables. This book is an attempt to explore several profound questions such as how digital technology and simulation models have saved energy in commercial greenhouses, and why growers prefer LPWAN sensors and IoT monitoring devices over the traditional timer-based controllers? How artificial intelligence is capable of performing microclimate prediction and control, and what considerations should be taken into account for implementing desiccant evaporative cooling systems? With case-study examples and field experiments, each chapter highlights some of the most recent solutions and adaptation strategies toward improving the efficiency and sustainability of closed-field crop production systems.
    Keywords: computational fluid dynamics, internet of things, photosynthesis, energy balance, crop, hydroponics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
    Language: English
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    Insights on Antimicrobial Peptides (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Modern medicine is impossible without antibiotics, but global antibiotic usage has led to the development of increasing numbers of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. Thus, we still have problems with infectious disease treatment despite an arsenal of antibiotics. This has forced researchers to develop new drugs that will be effective against resistant bacteria. Some of these prospective molecules are antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are an important component of the innate immune system of various organisms in nature. Currently, more than 3,000 AMPs have been reported with different activities against different bacterial species including resistant phenotype bacteria. AMPs display remarkable structural and functional diversity that is not completely understood. As such, this book presents a comprehensive overview of AMPs and their mechanism of action against MDR bacteria.
    Keywords: Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    Metabolomics (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Metabolomics is the methodology and theory to study the metabolome, including targeted approaches based on selected/multiple reaction monitoring (SRM/MRM) and untargeted approaches based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) or mass spectrometry (MS). The metabolome contains all metabolites derived from sugars, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in a given biological system, tissue, cell, or body fluid in a metabolic network system. Metabolomic variations directly link to molecular mechanisms of a disease, reliable therapeutic targets, and effective biomarkers for prediction, diagnosis, and prognostic assessment of disease. This book presents new advances in the concept and methodology of metabolomics, as well as applications of metabolomics in the research and practice of medical and life sciences.
    Keywords: biomarkers, drug discovery, metabolites, personalized medicine, transgenic plant, fungus ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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    Importance of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant System in Health and Disease (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Oxidative stress is a major contributor to the etiology of chronic disorders like cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. Long-term exposure to elevated levels of pro-oxidant substances can lead to structural damage in mitochondrial DNA as well as functional changes in a number of enzymes and cellular components, which can lead to abnormalities in gene expression. Modern lifestyles, which include eating processed food, exposure to a variety of chemicals, and not exercising, are significant factors in the development of oxidative stress. However, the ability of medicinal plants with antioxidant capabilities to cure or prevent a number of human illnesses in which oxidative stress appears to be a contributing factor has been demonstrated. A growing body of research links free radicals to the etiology of many diseases, supporting the use of antioxidants as a promising therapeutic strategy for the management of pathologies caused by free radicals. Despite these remarkable advances, there is still much to learn about the relationship between free radicals and antioxidants. Understanding the principles behind pathological and physiological disorders caused by free radicals is crucial. Importance of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant System in Health and Disease contributes to understanding the fundamental principles of oxidative stress and the effects of antioxidants on disease and health.
    Keywords: reactive oxygen species ; antioxidants ; cardiovascular disease ; phytochemicals ; drug resistance ; infertility ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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    Vitamin E in Health and Disease (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Vitamin E is a group of fat-soluble compounds found in a wide variety of foods. Daily requirements of vitamin E can be met with a balanced diet. High-dose supplementation may be hazardous rather than beneficial. Vitamin E serves as an antioxidant, participates in anti-inflammatory processes, inhibits platelet aggregation, and enhances immunity. Vitamin E supplementation can be beneficial against coronary artery disease, eye disorders, cognitive decline, cancer, and skin aging. This book will mainly focus on the diverse functions of vitamin E, importance of vitamin E status to provide a healthy lifespan, and the interaction between vitamin E and several pathological conditions. Readers will receive a general overview of the importance of vitamin E in health and different pathological conditions.
    Keywords: oxidative stress, antioxidants, pregnancy, nutrition, medicinal plants, reactive oxygen species ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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    Grasses and Grassland (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Grasslands are of vital significance globally by covering more than one-quarter of the earth’s surface. They are known by a variety of names, such as prairies, pampas, steppes, savannas, and so on, and provide feed to animals as well as serve as biodiversity reserves and catchment areas. Under the changing climate scenario, they can potentially serve as carbon sinks, which might alleviate the adverse effects of greenhouse gas emissions. This book provides fundamental knowledge of underutilized grasses of economic significance as well as discusses advancements in grasslands management for boosting their bio-productivity. There is a particular focus on state-of-the-art strategies for the restoration and conservation of grasslands in the era of changing climate.
    Keywords: Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
    Language: English
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    Plant Engineering (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Undernourishment in some areas and abundance in others, accelerated climate changes, food distribution and security challenges, fluctuating economic and political stability and oversaturation in information - this is the world we are living in today. It seems that there is no time for the basic science plant research; instead of years of dedicated investigation, scientists are forced to wrap up their know-how in a project-oriented deliverables as fast as possible. The main strength of this book is the new knowledge about plant engineering that could be transferred into the applied science and, later on, to the industry. However, we should not forget that all great discoveries begin with the fundamental research, the wealth of good ideas and the dedicated scientific work.
    Keywords: climate change, sustainable development, gene expression, reactive oxygen species, metabolomics, gamma rays ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
    Language: English
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    Climate Resilient Agriculture (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The changing climatic scenario has affected crop production in the adverse ways, and the impact of it on agriculture is now emerging as a major priority among crop science researchers. Agriculture in this changing climatic scenario faces multiple diverse challenges due to a wide array of demands. Climate-resilient agriculture is the need of the hour in many parts of the world. Understanding the adverse effects of climatic change on crop growth and development and developing strategies to counter these effects are of paramount importance for a sustainable climate-resilient agriculture. This multiauthored edited book brings out sound climate-resilient agriculture strategies that have a strong basic research foundation. We have attempted to bridge information from various diverse agricultural disciplines, such as soil science, agronomy, plant breeding, and plant protection, which can be used to evolve a need-based technology to combat the climatic change in agriculture.
    Keywords: drought, food security, global warming, salinity, heat stress, greenhouse gas ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
    Language: English
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    Soybean (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Soybean is an agricultural crop of tremendous economic importance. Soybean and food items derived from it form dietary components of numerous people, especially those living in the Orient. The health benefits of soybean have attracted the attention of nutritionists as well as common people.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    Quantitative Structure-activity Relationship (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The book, which is related to QSAR in sciences, is divided into five main chapters. The first chapter is the Introductory chapter. The second chapter aims to provide an update of the recent advances in the field of rational design of PDE inhibitors. The third chapter includes designing a series of peptidic inhibitors that possessed a substrate transition-state analog and evaluating the structure-activity relationship of the designed inhibitors, based on docking and scoring, using the docking simulation software Molecular Operating Environment. The aim of the forth chapter is to develop structure-property relationships for the qualitative and quantitative prediction of the reverse-phase liquid chromatographic retention times of chlorogenic acids. The final chapter aims to determine the model of interactions between the natural compounds with anti-inflammatory molecular target by molecular docking analysis.
    Keywords: alzheimer’s disease, molecular dynamics, anti-inflammatory, fractal dimension, natural compounds, coffee ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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    Genetic Diversity in Plants (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Genetic diversity is of fundamental importance in the continuity of a species as it provides the necessary adaptation to the prevailing biotic and abiotic environmental conditions, and enables change in the genetic composition to cope with changes in the environment. Genetic Diversity in Plants presents chapters revealing the magnitude of genetic variation existing in plant populations. The increasing availability of PCR-based molecular markers allows the detailed analyses and evaluation of genetic diversity in plants and also, the detection of genes influencing economically important traits. The purpose of the book is to provide a glimpse into the dynamic process of genetic variation by presenting the thoughts of scientists who are engaged in the generation of new ideas and techniques employed for the assessment of genetic diversity, often from very different perspectives. The book should prove useful to students, researchers, and experts in the area of conservation biology, genetic diversity, and molecular biology.
    Keywords: Plant reproduction & propagation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
    Language: English
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    Superfood and Functional Food (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Superfoods and functional foods are receiving increasing attention because of their important roles in health. This book focuses on the production of superfoods and functional foods and their role as medicine. In the early chapters, prominent researchers introduce the roles and production of microalgae and functional fruits through metabolic engineering, the use of food waste, and effective cooking procedures. In the latter chapters, other prominent researchers introduce the medical effects of polyphenols, glutamine, and unsaturated fatty acids, which are contained in superfoods and functional foods. They suggest the importance of superfoods and functional foods in the treatment and prevention of many diseases. It is also recommended for readers to take a look at a related book, Superfood and Functional Food: An Overview of Their Processing and Utilization.
    Keywords: cancer, bioactive compounds, microalgae, biotechnology, cardiovascular diseases, functional foods ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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    Soil Contamination (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This edited book, Soil Contamination - Current Consequences and Further Solutions, is intended to provide an overview on the different environmental consequences of our anthropogenic activities, which has introduced a large number of xenobiotics that the soil cannot, or can only slower, decompose or degrade. We hope that this book will continue to meet the expectations and needs of all interested in diverse fields with expertise in soil science, health, toxicology, and other disciplines who contribute and share their findings to take this area forward for future investigations.
    Keywords: heavy metals, bioremediation, plant growth, pahs, bioreactors, medicinal plants ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
    Language: English
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    A Critical Evaluation of Vitamin D (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Vitamin D, a fat-soluble vitamin, also called as "sunshine vitamin" is derived mostly from sun exposure and food, and for normal activation, it has to undergo two hydroxylation reactions. Vitamin D affects more than 2000 genes in the body. Serum level of 25(OH) D is an ideal indicator of vitamin D status in our body. Vitamin D deficiency leads to various diseases. On a therapeutic point of view, vitamin D helps to treat many diseases. The book "A Critical Evaluation of Vitamin D - Clinical Overview" targets the principles, mechanisms, and clinical significance of vitamin D. This book covers four sections: "Vitamin D in Cardiovascular and Renal Diseases", "Vitamin D in Age and Neurological Diseases", "Vitamin D and Cancer" and "Therapeutic Measurements of Vitamin D". Each of these sections is interwoven with the theoretical aspects and experimental techniques of basic and clinical sciences. This book will be a significant source to students, scientists, physicians, healthcare professionals and also other members of this society who are interested in exploring the role of vitamin D in human life. [Vitamin D can be considered as vitamin of "defense" since it cures several diseases. - Sivakumar Gowder]
    Keywords: chronic kidney disease, vitamin d deficiency, breast cancer, nanoparticles, alzheimer’s disease, cardiovascular disease ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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    Frontiers and New Trends in the Science of Fermented Food and Beverages (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: From time immemorial fermented foods have undoubtedly contributed to the progress of modern societies. Historically, ferments have been present in virtually all human cultures worldwide, and nowadays natives from many ancient cultures still conduct a wide variety of food fermentations using deep-rooted recipes and processes. Within the last four centuries, scientific research has started to unravel many aspects of the biological process behind fermentations, which has contributed to the improvement of many industrial processes. During our journey in the research field, we have always been attracted to the development of scientific research around fermentations, especially autochthonous ferments: a natural repository of novel biomolecules and biological processes that will positively impact on many application fields from health, to food, to materials.
    Keywords: nutrition, fermentation, fluorescence, probiotics, antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    Astrocyte (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: A team of authors from prestigious academic schools contributed to draw up a project that would give a detailed account of astrocyte's morphology and physiology, examining thoroughly all the astrocyte's types; giving an accurate description of their morphology, location, function in the brain; and illustrating their physiology and pathology in terms of dealing with neurons through "gliotransmitters," ionic channels, and membrane receptors expression. This book gives an overview of the crucial role of astrocytes in the physiology of the CNS and in the pathogenesis of several CNS disorders suggesting that the shift from a neurocentric view to one that incorporates astrocytes in disease models for drug discovery is a critical step in renewing drug development strategies to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
    Keywords: neurodegeneration, astrocytes, signal transduction, astrogliosis, cancer, alzheimer’s disease ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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    Kinetics of Enzymatic Synthesis (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Kinetics of Enzymatic Synthesis gives insight into different aspects of chemical reactions that are catalyzed by enzymes. This book is divided into two sections: "Enzyme Kinetics" and "Enzymatic Synthesis". The first section consists of two chapters with a halophilic enzyme kinetics and thermodynamic approach towards analyzing the influence of co-solvents on the Michaelis constants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The second section consists of three chapters. Production of isoamyl acetate using the enzymatic synthesis method between acetic anhydride and isoamyl alcohol by having enzyme Candida antarctica Lipase B as catalyst in a solvent-free system is discussed in the third chapter. The integrated scheme with the use of the filtrate from the pretreatment of the CS and the growth conditions of Pleurotus cystidiosus is studied in the fourth chapter. The last chapter of this section provides the conditions of the key parameters in microfluidic systems (residence times, flow rates, concentrations) applied for a sequential process from liquid/liquid extraction of LVV-h7.
    Keywords: cellulose, lignin, biorefinery, thermodynamics, bioactive peptides, microfluidic ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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    Polymerase Chain Reaction for Biomedical Applications (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Do you want to know the details that should be taken into consideration in order to have accurate conventional and real-time PCR results? If so, this book is for you. Polymerase Chain Reaction for Biomedical Applications is a collection of chapters for both novice and experienced scientists and technologists aiming to address obtaining an optimized real-time PCR result, simultaneous processing of a large number of samples and assays, performing PCR and RT-PCR on cell lysate without extraction of DNA or RNA, detecting false-positive PCR results, detecting organisms in viral and microbial diseases and hospital environment, following safety assessments of food products, and using PCR for introduction of mutations. This is a must-have book for any PCR laboratory.
    Keywords: gene expression, pcr, microrna, food safety, microorganisms, dna ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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    Vitamin K2 (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book serves as a comprehensive survey of the impact of vitamin K2 on cellular functions and organ systems, indicating that vitamin K2 plays an important role in the differentiation/preservation of various cell phenotypes and as a stimulator and/or mediator of interorgan cross talk. Vitamin K2 binds to the transcription factor SXR/PXR, thus acting like a hormone (very much in the same manner as vitamin A and vitamin D). Therefore, vitamin K2 affects a multitude of organ systems, and it is reckoned to be one positive factor in bringing about "longevity" to the human body, e.g., supporting the functions/health of different organ systems, as well as correcting the functioning or even "curing" ailments striking several organs in our body. Vitamin K2 - Vital for Health and Wellbeing has been produced and distributed through the support from Kappa Bioscience, Norway.
    Keywords: nf-κb, drug delivery, bacteria, hepatocellular carcinoma, cardiovascular, osteoporosis ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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    Seizures (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This book contains selected peer-reviewed articles that cover novel information on epileptic seizure and psychogenic non-epileptic seizures written by international researchers. In this book, we discuss self-reporting technologies for supporting epilepsy treatment. We also discuss about the diagnostic testing in epilepsy genetic clinical practice. Clinical aspects related to diagnosis in patients presenting psychogenic non-epileptic seizures vs. epileptic seizures and neurocysticercosis are discussed as well. We delivered novel aspects about the treatment for pseudoseizures. In another chapter, the authors estimated the prevalence of ischemic stroke in epileptic patients presenting subarachnoid neurocysticercosis and ischemic stroke frequency among HIV-positive patients, and finally other authors discuss autoimmune epilepsy, its new development, and its future directions. We are looking forward with confidence and pride to the remarkable role that this book will play for a new vision and mission.
    Keywords: epilepsy, epidemiology, immunotherapy, stroke, hiv, algorithm ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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    Protein Phosphorylation (2023)
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Protein phosphorylation reactions are carried out in a cell by protein kinases, which predominantly use ATP as a phosphate donor that is transferred and covalently bound to an amino acid on a substrate protein. Protein phosphorylation was discovered in 1954 by Edmond Fischer who shared the Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology in 1992 with Edwin Krebs. There are so many kinases that one was called "Just Another Kinase" for JAK kinase. Their counterpart is protein phosphatases that remove phosphates from phosphorylated proteins. Kinases and phosphatases act as switches in the cell that activates or inactivates protein functions. These reactions are reversible; the cell can quickly react to a situation but can then go back to its initial state.
    Keywords: cancer, biomarker, biosensor, aggregation, spinal cord injury, neurotoxicity ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    Phytochemicals (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Phytochemicals provides original research work and reviews on the sources of phytochemicals, and their roles in disease prevention, supplementation, and accumulation in fruits and vegetables. The roles of anthocyanin, flavonoids, carotenoids, and taxol are presented in separate chapters. Antioxidative and free radicle scavenging activity of phytochemicals is also discussed. The medicinal properties of Opuntia, soybean, sea buckthorn, and gooseberry are presented in a number of chapters. Supplementation of plant extract with phytochemical properties in broiler meals is discussed in one chapter. The final two chapters include the impact of agricultural practices and novel processing technologies on the accumulation of phytochemicals in fruits and vegetables. This book mainly focuses on medicinal plants and the disease-preventing properties of phytochemicals, which will be a useful resource to the reader.
    Keywords: flavonoids, cancer, oxidative stress, medicinal plants, bioactive compounds, essential oils ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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    Cucumber Economic Values and Its Cultivation and Breeding (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Cucumber is a well-known and popular vegetable because of its rich nutrient profile and versatile uses in culinary, therapeutic and cosmetic purposes. This book provides information on the plant’s origins, biology, and breeding as well as research on its economic value, utilization, cultivation, and therapeutic benefits.
    Keywords: diabetes, flavonoids, fermentation, soil, biological control, lactic acid bacteria ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
    Language: English
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    Affinity Chromatography (2023)
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Most will agree that one major achievement in the bio-separation techniques is affinity chromatography. This coined terminology covers a myriad of separation approaches that relies mainly on reversible adsorption of biomolecules through biospecific interactions on the ligand. Within this book, the authors tried to deliver for you simplified fundamentals of affinity chromatography together with exemplarily applications of this versatile technique. We have always been endeavor to keep the contents of the book crisp and easily comprehensive, hoping that this book will receive an overwhelming interest, deliver benefits and valuable information to the readers.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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    Current Perspectives on Less-known Aspects of Headache (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Headache, as a main neurological problem in everyday life, still takes place as a contributor on top of the list of many partially solved neurological conditions. Not only primary headaches but secondary headaches are still clinical concerns of diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and therapy. This book is quite different from classical headache books. First of all, it does not contain the classical schema of a classical headache textbook. Most of the chapters composing this book contain many answers for many unanswered questions about headache in general, for example, "Is headache a genetic condition?", "What do smartphones do to our brains? Do they cause headaches?", and "Does botulinum toxin really improve chronic migraine?". We hope this book will be an interesting read and perhaps a guide in some new aspects of headache and help understand "some interesting headache issues" while stressing some of the less known mentioned above.
    Keywords: migraine, epigenetic, minimally invasive surgery, acupuncture, heart rate variability, smartphone ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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    Spinal Cord Injury (2023)
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Spinal cord injury is a severe scenario that may be caused by traumatic and non-traumatic vertebral or neurological disorders. Neurological impairment, chronic pain, and reduced quality of life may affect patients suffering from spinal cord injury, the onset of which may arise in an acute or chronic manner. Spinal surgeons, anesthetists, neuro-intensivists, neurologists, physiotherapists, rehabilitation medicine doctors, radiologists, neurophysiologists, and carers are all involved in the management of these patients. The chapters in this book combine a useful summary of this topic for non-expert readers with an in-depth study of medical and non-medical experts in the field.
    Keywords: apoptosis ; chronic pain ; mediterranean diet ; neuropathic pain ; neuroregeneration ; omega-3 fatty acids ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
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    Agroecosystems (2023)
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book, “Agroecosystems – Very Complex Environmental Systems”, aims to present an update on different aspects associated with the importance of sustainable agriculture. It was our intention to gather information from diverse sources in this volume and to give some real-life examples, extending the appreciation of the complexity of this subject in a way that may stimulate new approaches in relevant fields.
    Keywords: remote sensing, conservation, biodiesel, gis, cyanobacteria, pretreatment ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
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    Solubility of Polysaccharides (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Sugars, with a scientific term as saccharides, are involved in various aspects in the lives of human beings, including the sense of taste, energy for daily life, etc. Recent development in polysaccharides, as well as the background knowledge in this field, further deepens insight into their roles as healthy supplements. In this book, the principles on polysaccharides' solubility and structure, methodologies and application of polysaccharides have been reviewed. The chapters in this book include the relationship between structure and solubility of polysaccharide, the experimental and computational researches on polysaccharide solubility and the common polysaccharide, which may further aid scholars and researchers in regard to solubility of polysaccharides, methodologies and modification.
    Keywords: chitosan, antioxidant activity, chitin, rheology, hydrolysis, osmotic pressure ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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    Neurophysiology (2023)
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This book discusses timely topics in the field of neurophysiology ranging from descriptions of nerve cells and glial cells to neural networks, sensory processing, neuroplasticity, neuropathophysiology, and human behavior. As such, all organizational levels of the nervous system are considered in one or more of the book’s twelve chapters. The chapters review or present novel findings and provide the reader with an overview of the current state of the art of neurophysiology research. They discuss research advances in different brain regions and experimental models. In addition, the book contributes to the training of current and future neuroscientists and, hopefully, will lead us on the path to curing some of the biggest challenges in human health.
    Keywords: Clinical & internal medicine ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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    Current and Emerging Challenges in the Diseases of Trees (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This Edited Volume Current and Emerging Challenges in the Diseases of Trees is a collection of reviewed and relevant research chapters, offering a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the field of Life Sciences. The book comprises single chapters authored by various researchers and edited by an expert active in the Agricultural and Biological Sciences research area. All chapters are complete in themselves but united under a common research study topic. This publication aims at providing a thorough overview of the latest research efforts by international authors on Agricultural and Biological Sciences and open new possible research paths for further novel developments.
    Keywords: epidemiology ; bacteria ; citrus ; pests ; anthracnose ; botanicals ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
    Language: English
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    Plant Physiological Aspects of Phenolic Compounds (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Phenolic compounds are considered secondary metabolites within the physiology of a plant. They have different functions, such as pollination systems, sun protection, protection against pathogens and diseases, etc.Research on these compounds has increased due to the number of molecules they can include and the different biological activities they demonstrate. It is important to know the methods of extracting molecules, the biosynthesis routes, and their relationship with activities that can benefit from their consumption. Therefore, the book includes chapters that provide information on extraction and optimization techniques, biosynthetic pathways, and the identification and characterization of miRNAs involved in the regulation of their biosynthesis.
    Keywords: polyphenols, oxidative stress, antioxidant, nutrition, bioactive compounds, metabolism ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    Fatty Acids (2023)
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The purpose of this book is to concentrate on recent developments on fatty acids. The articles collected in this book are contributions by invited researchers with a long-standing experience in different research areas. We hope that the material presented here is understandable to a broad audience, not only scientists but also people with general background in many different biological sciences. This volume offers you up-to-date, expert reviews of the fast-moving field of fatty acids. The book is divided into four major sections: (1) Fatty Acids in Physiopathology, (2) Fatty Acids and Cancer, (3) Fatty Acids in Aquatic Organisms, and (4) Fatty Acids in Veterinary and Dairy Products.
    Keywords: cancer, microalgae, inflammation, pregnancy, nutrition, cardiovascular disease ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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    Grain and Seed Proteins Functionality (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Climate resilience and growing population are the two main global challenges that encourage the development of an affordable and sustainable source of vegetable protein to ensure future food security. Advanced scientific programs and agro-food developments should be proprietarily on-demand to face different stresses in order to maintain yield and quality of seed production. In this regard, legume crops are key sustainable alternatives for healthier diets while contributing to appropriate natural resource management. Taken together, the 11 chapters in this book represent a generous addition to the progress in our understanding of climate-resilient legumes, hoping to contribute to the improvement of global food security in the future.
    Keywords: nutraceuticals, functional properties, bioactive peptides, essential amino acids, cancer, diabetes mellitus ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    New Trends in Ion Exchange Studies (2023)
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book covers new systems in technology that have developed our knowledge of ion exchange. This book discusses ion exchange resins to enhance cell growth; anion exchange membrane; nanosystems in ion exchange and ion exchange in environmental applications. The ion exchange system is used in bionanotechnology, cosmetic industry and water treatment.
    Keywords: chitosan, drug delivery, biomarker, water, nanotechnology, polymer ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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    Advancement and New Understanding in Brain Injury (2023)
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This book covers the latest developments in the understanding and treatment of traumatic brain injury. Various world experts authored the chapters that comprise a wealth of updated information on intracranial pressure; monitoring and diagnostic methods; neuroinflammatory responses in traumatic brain injury; cerebral palsy and Covid-19–related brain disorder; pathogenesis and prevention of fetal, neonatal, infant, and child brain injury; hyperbaric oxygenation treatment; the engineering and modeling of head injury; systematic review on early-tracheostomy; intracranial aneurysm in tuberous sclerosis complex; and the neurobehavioral and cognitive aspects of brain injury. With these complex topics, every clinician, scientist, and researcher will find this book invaluable in understanding the latest improvements and advances in the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic brain injury.
    Keywords: inflammation, traumatic brain injury, cytokines, hypoxia, ultrasound, cerebral palsy ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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    Agro-Economic Risks of Phytophthora and an Effective Biocontrol Approach (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book examines the risk of Phytophthora infection on different economic plants. It is divided into three sections that address the threats of Phytophthora infections to economic plants in Egypt and Ghana, the biocontrol of Phytophthora infections, and the prevalence and recognition of Phytophthora infection. This book discusses significant aspects of Phytophthora diseases as well as methods of their control to maintain sustainable agriculture and national economy. It is a valuable scientific resource for farmers, agriculturists, and other interested readers.
    Keywords: epidemiology, deep learning, bacteria, sustainable development, pathogenicity, internet of things (iot) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
    Language: English
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    Peripheral Membrane Proteins (2023)
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The peripheral membrane proteins transduce the extracellular signaling into the cells. The peripheral membrane proteins include the G protein-coupled receptors, receptor tyrosine kinases, channels and transporters. The signals, which are transduced via the peripheral membrane proteins, activate several pathways including G protein signaling, MAPK signaling, TNF signaling, TGF? signaling, Wnt signaling and Hedgehog signaling. The peripheral membrane proteins transduce the signaling from the extracellular ligands into the cells. This book intends to provide a comprehensive overview of the features and signaling of peripheral membrane proteins, which includes the molecular structure and interaction. The insights into membrane proteins associated with diseases and therapeutics and the effects of drugs and chemicals are also discussed in this book.
    Keywords: innate immunity, prostate cancer, yeast, signal transduction, crystallization, morphogenesis ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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    Plant Competition in Cropping Systems (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In the coming years, farmers will face difficult challenges throughout the world in terms of climate change, water scarcity, and environmental issues caused by conventional agricultural technologies. Effective management of natural resources can be encouraged by orienting the common agricultural practices towards the functional biodiversity concept in designing and implementing sustainable and eco-friendly cropping systems. In the framework of polycrop science, this book provides basic principles and several case studies of polycrop utilization in various regions of the world as a method of functional biodiversity amplification through species associations that maximize the productivity per unit of land area, suppress the growth and development of weeds, and reduce the amount of harmful pests and insects.
    Keywords: sustainability, biodiversity, biological control, cassava, legumes, agroforestry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
    Language: English
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    Peat (2023)
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Peatlands are formed in limited areas and have significant effects on our planet. As a result of their use peatlands are continually shrinking on a daily basis. This edited book, Peat, is intended to provide an overview of different perspectives of peat material in relevant disciplines. We hope that this book will contribute to the expectations and needs of all relevant disciplines that share their findings for future research.
    Keywords: land use, carbon, drainage, dye, design, humic acids ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
    Language: English
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    Caregiving and Home Care (2023)
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: The management of chronic diseases is one of the tasks of all members of the health team, and different models need to be applied in the practice of chronic care management. One of these models is home care services. There are two main sections in this book. In the first part of the section, the concept of caregiving and care at home is explained. In the second part, the responsibilities of caregivers at home and the responsibilities of caregivers of people who have health problems that occur during different periods of life are discussed. In the second section, the problems of caregivers are also included. I would like to think that what is quoted in this book, which contains examples from different cultures of the world for home care approaches, will contribute to the development of home care services. This book is presented to all health professionals working in the field of health services as well as health politics professionals and students trained in these areas.
    Keywords: poverty, caregivers, breast cancer, quality of life, dementia, hiv ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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    Some New Aspects of Colloidal Systems in Foods (2023)
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Some New Aspects of Colloidal Systems in Foods is a new book on food emulsions, which provides in-depth coverage of some new aspects of food colloids. The coverage includes confident overviews of theoretical issues as well as descriptions of new techniques and recent colloid research findings. Specific topics include the role of electrostatic and steric forces in the stabilization of food colloids, antioxidants in food emulsions, nanoemulsions, and nanostructured colloids in food science. This book can be used as a specialized text for graduate students and researchers in food science and technology. In addition, it will serve as a reference text for advanced students in chemistry, engineers, biochemists, nutritionists, and analytical chemists in the food industry and research.
    Keywords: oxidative stress, antioxidants, safety, food industry, nanoemulsions ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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    Progress in Carotenoid Research (2023)
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The book "Progress in Carotenoid Research" presents an authoritative and comprehensive overview of the biology, biochemistry, and chemistry of carotenoids. Divided into 14 discrete parts, this book covers topics on basic science and applied technology of carotenoid molecules. This book provides an insight into future developments in each field and has an extensive bibliography. It will be an essential resource for researchers and academic and industry professionals in the natural pigment field.
    Keywords: carotenoids, astaxanthin, lycopene, remote sensing, mass spectrometry, fermentation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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    Secondary Metabolites (2023)
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book provides an overview of secondary metabolites in three sections: “Introduction”, “Secondary Metabolites: General Reviews and Biotechnological Interventions” and “Plant Secondary Metabolites.” It discusses the antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant activities of secondary metabolites, biotechnological interventions in the production and research of secondary metabolites, and the secondary metabolites of plants.
    Keywords: Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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    Flavonoid Metabolism (2023)
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The presence of flavonoids such as chalcones, flavones, flavonols, anthocyanins, and proanthocyanidins is ubiquitous throughout the plant kingdom. It was previously believed that the oldest plants that produced flavonoids were liverworts and mosses. However, recent discoveries have found genes encoding enzymes in the shikimate pathway responsible for flavonoid biosynthesis in a variety of plants including algae, liverworts, mosses, lycophytes, ferns and horsetails, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. These genes include the first two enzymes for flavonoid biosynthesis, chalcone synthase and chalcone isomerase. Furthermore, recent research has found flavones, isoflavones, and flavonols in microalgae from five distinct evolutionary lineages(Cyanobacteria, Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta, Haptophyta, and Ochrophyta) using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. This implies that plants may have developed the capacity to make flavonoids earlier than previously believed. Flavonoids in the earliest plants that produced them were believed to have acted as protection against UV radiation and control of plant hormone activity. As plants evolved, these roles diversified, and the study of flavonoids has revealed how plants developed the capacity to produce a wide array of specialized metabolites and then evolved the metabolic pathways required to manufacture them. This book delves into the structural diversity of flavonoids found throughout the plant kingdom, the evolution of flavonoid biosynthesis genes in plants, and the molecular interaction of flavonoids with growth hormones. The metabolic routes of flavonoids are thoroughly investigated using both biochemical and molecular biology methods, and the book elucidates the links between genes/proteins and metabolites, as well as between metabolites. The book also explores the interplay between flavonoid metabolism and external environmental factors that are subject to continuous change.
    Keywords: flavonoids ; biosynthesis ; agriculture ; bioactive compounds ; secondary metabolites ; genetic engineering ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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    Botany (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book integrates knowledge of plant biotechnology, plant physiology, and the environment. It presents new information about soil organic carbon sequestration using plant species (tropical grasses) that have potential in climate change mitigation. It also presents scientific knowledge on the multipurpose role of microRNA (miRNA), focusing mainly on stress tolerance in crop plants. Chapters discuss uses, methods, and advantages of recombinant DNA technology and novel plant biotechnology applications for plant-based vaccines. This volume brings together knowledge about non-edible plants seeds as potential sources of biodiesel production to mitigate the global energy crisis.
    Keywords: covid-19, abiotic stress, biodiesel, mirna, biosynthesis, stress tolerance ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
    Language: English
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    Epilepsy (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: According to the World Health Organization, nearly 80% of people with epilepsy live in low- and middle-income countries and could live seizure-free if properly diagnosed and treated. Among the structural and genetic triggers that may lead to epilepsy are head trauma, abnormal synaptic connectivity, receptor subunits anomalies, and atypical ionic channel function. Developing brains are specifically susceptible to seizures for many reasons, for example, the presence of enhanced excitation due to the early production of excitatory neurotransmitters, and the fact that the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA causes excitation early in life. These studies help to clarify why the very young brain is exceptionally prone to seizures. The chapters presented in this book describe how structural, genetic, infectious, and metabolic abnormalities can lead to epileptogenesis. Nevertheless, many underlying disease mechanisms that can lead to epilepsy remain unknown.
    Keywords: neuroinflammation ; apoptosis ; parasites ; microglia ; meg ; leukoencephalopathy ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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    Ubiquitin Proteasome System (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The human ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is comprised of nearly 1000 proteins. Although originally identified as a mechanism of protein destruction, the UPS has numerous additional functions and mediates central signaling events in myriad processes involved in both cellular and organismal health and homeostasis. Numerous pathways within the UPS are implicated in disease, ranging from cancer to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's. The goal of this book is to deliver a collection of synopses of current areas of UPS research that highlights the importance of understanding the biology of the UPS to identify disease-relevant pathways, and the need to elucidate the molecular machinations within the UPS to develop methods for therapeutic modulation of these pathways.
    Keywords: cancer, ubiquitination, autophagy, immune system, dna damage, cell cycle ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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    Forage Groups (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The correct use of forage as animal food is a less expensive way of improving animal performance and reducing the costs of animal products. Therefore, we hope the book Forage Groups allows its readers to acquire knowledge about cultivation, harvesting, and conservation of grass and legumes. This book presents data from many countries around the world and we hope it will be useful for all interested readers in improving their background in forage.
    Keywords: climate change, deforestation, methane, carbon dioxide, cattle, greenhouse gas emissions ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
    Language: English
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    B Group Vitamins (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: B-group vitamins are involved in numerous metabolic reactions and their widespread deficiency can cause a large series of health problems. The aim of this book is to provide an update on the current use and perspectives of B-group vitamins. Novel methods to detect folates in pregnant women, the use and role of folate dentistry, the use of genotype notification to modify food intake behavior, thiamin metabolism in Archaea and its role in plants and in crop improvement, the use of riboflavin in blood safety and niacin in metabolic stress and resistance in dairy cows are some of the subjects that are described in this multitopic book written by authors from seven different countries.
    Keywords: folate, oxidative stress, stress, insulin, dentistry, polymorphism ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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    Advances in Biology and Ecology of Nitrogen Fixation (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Biological nitrogen fixation has essential role in N cycle in global ecosystem. Several types of nitrogen fixing bacteria are recognized: the free-living bacteria in soil or water; symbiotic bacteria making root nodules in legumes or non-legumes; associative nitrogen fixing bacteria that resides outside the plant roots and provides fixed nitrogen to the plants; endophytic nitrogen fixing bacteria living in the roots, stems and leaves of plants. In this book there are 11 chapters related to biological nitrogen fixation, regulation of legume-rhizobium symbiosis, and agriculture and ecology of biological nitrogen fixation, including new models for autoregulation of nodulation in legumes, endophytic nitrogen fixation in sugarcane or forest trees, etc. Hopefully, this book will contribute to biological, ecological, and agricultural sciences.
    Keywords: Plant reproduction & propagation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
    Language: English
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    Protein-Protein Interactions (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Proteins are indispensable players in virtually all biological events. The functions of proteins are coordinated through intricate regulatory networks of transient protein-protein interactions (PPIs). To predict and/or study PPIs, a wide variety of techniques have been developed over the last several decades. Many in vitro and in vivo assays have been implemented to explore the mechanism of these ubiquitous interactions. However, despite significant advances in these experimental approaches, many limitations exist such as false-positives/false-negatives, difficulty in obtaining crystal structures of proteins, challenges in the detection of transient PPI, among others. To overcome these limitations, many computational approaches have been developed which are becoming increasingly widely used to facilitate the investigation of PPIs. This book has gathered an ensemble of experts in the field, in 22 chapters, which have been broadly categorized into Computational Approaches, Experimental Approaches, and Others.
    Keywords: Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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    Iron Metabolism (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Iron is an essential element for numerous fundamental biologic processes. Iron-containing proteins are required for vital cellular and organismal functions including oxygen transport, mitochondrial respiration, intermediary and xenobiotic metabolism, nucleic acid replication and repair, host defense, and cell signaling. However, excess iron is toxic. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the essential role of iron in biology, the regulation of systemic and cellular iron homeostasis, and how imbalances in iron homeostasis contribute to disease.
    Keywords: Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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    Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis: Core Concepts, Shifting Paradigms, and Therapeutic Targets, delivers the concepts embodied within its title. This exciting book presents the full array of theories about the causes of Alzheimer's, including fresh concepts that have gained ground among both professionals and the lay public. Acknowledged experts provide highly informative yet critical reviews of the factors that most likely contribute to Alzheimer's, including genetics, metabolic deficiencies, oxidative stress, and possibly environmental exposures. Evidence that Alzheimer's resembles a brain form of diabetes is discussed from different perspectives, ranging from disease mechanisms to therapeutics. This book is further energized by discussions of how neurotransmitter deficits, neuro-inflammation, and oxidative stress impair neuronal plasticity and contribute to Alzheimer's neurodegeneration. The diversity of topics presented in just the right depth will interest clinicians and researchers alike. This book inspires confidence that effective treatments could be developed based upon the expanding list of potential therapeutic targets.
    Keywords: Neurology & clinical neurophysiology ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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    Trace Elements and Their Effects on Human Health and Diseases (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book is an excellent compilation of trace elements and their positive and negative effects on human health and the environment. Over two sections, the book examines the adverse effects of trace elements in the human body and the atmosphere and how to overcome them.
    Keywords: oxidative stress, breast cancer, antioxidant, public health, genotoxicity, environmental hazards ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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    Cerebrovascular Diseases (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This book elucidates the key principles of cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) in three sections. The first section addresses relevant pathophysiological aspects, diagnosis, treatment, and complications of CVDs, the second section examines CVDs in resource-poor settings and the geriatric population, and the final section discusses atrial fibrillation and cryptogenic stroke.
    Keywords: Clinical & internal medicine ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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    Connectivity and Functional Specialization in the Brain (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: ‘Connectivity and Functional Specialization in the Brain’ is a topic that describes nerve cells in terms of their anatomical and functional connections. The term connectome refers to a comprehensive map of neural connections, like a wiring diagram of an organism’s nervous system. Connectomics, the study of connectomes, can be applied to individual neurons and their synaptic connections, as well as to connections between neuronal populations or to functional and structural connectivity of different brain regions. This book addresses neural connectivity at these various scales in health and disease. The chapters review novel findings related to neuroanatomy and cell biology, neurophysiology, neural plasticity, changes of connectivity in neurological disorders, and sensory system connectivity. The book provides the reader with an overview of the current state-of-the-art of research of neural connectivity and focuses on the most important evidence-based developments in this area. Individual chapters focus on recent advances in specific areas of neural connectivity and in different brain regions. All chapters represent recent contributions to the rapidly developing field of neural connectivity.
    Keywords: consciousness, cytokines, spinal cord injury, intensive care unit, brainstem, default mode network ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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    Bisphenol A (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic compound for hardening and clearing polycarbonate plastics. BPA is mainly classified as an estrogen-like endocrine-disrupting chemical. In the last decade, attention has arisen in scientific communities that it is not safe to use this chemical in mainly polycarbonate plastics. Exposure to BPA starts in prenatal period, which is the critical period for its toxic effects on different organs. Throughout this book, the readers will obtain information on the effects of BPA on different systems. They will also get information on the prenatal and postnatal effects of BPA. We believe that readers will get qualified scientific knowledge and a general overview of the toxic effects of BPA exposure and its consequences from this book.
    Keywords: steroidogenesis, gene expression, chronic kidney disease, reproduction, ovarian cancer, hemodialysis ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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    Corn (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Corn or maize (Zea mays L.) plays an important role in global food security. The many uses of corn make it a central commodity and a great influence on prices. Because of its worldwide distribution and relatively lower price, corn has a wider range of uses. It is used directly for human consumption, in industrially processed foods, as livestock feed, and in industrial nonfood products such as starches, acids, and alcohols. Recently, there has been interest in using maize for the production of ethanol as a substitute for petroleum-based fuels. It is an important source of carbohydrate, protein, iron, vitamin B, and minerals. Climate change, however, is a growing concern among corn growers worldwide. Scientists estimate that corn production will need to be increased by 15% per unit area between 2017 and 2037. To increase corn yields, advanced and new production technology needs to be developed and distributed among corn growers. The advanced technology to boost corn yields and counteract climate change is important for food security for the growing global population. Nutritionally, maize seeds contain 60-68% starch and 7-15% protein. Maize oil is widely used as a cooking medium and for manufacturing hydrogenated oil. The oil has the quality of reducing cholesterol in the human blood similar to sunflower oil. Corn flour is used as a thickening agent in the preparation of many edibles such as soups, sauces, and custard powder. Integrated nutrients management improves corn growth, leaf area index and light interception, dry matter accumulation and distribution, grain and fodder quality, yield components, grain and biomass yields, harvest index, and shelling percentage, and reduces the problem of food insecurity.
    Keywords: maize, antioxidants, gis, biotechnology, flavonoids, functional foods ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
    Language: English
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    Potassium in Human Health (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This is an introductory book on the role of potassium in health, physiology of potassium homeostasis, diagnostic approach to potassium derangement, and clinical management of potassium disorders. It is a concise, easy-to-read reference for students in the health professions, mid-level providers, house staff trainees, and clinicians.
    Keywords: Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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    Plant Growth (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Over the last few decades, the prevalence of studies about plant growth has dramatically grown in most regions of the world. Many aspects have been investigated related to this phenomenon. If we can gain understanding of how plants grow, then we may be able to manipulate it to reduce both chemical fertilizer use and its environmental impact without decreasing the yield. This book provides information about the use of bio-agents, plant health, plant pathogen, property of melanin, and the influence of rootstock and root growth. We hope this information will be useful for all the people who work with this hot topic.
    Keywords: drought, bacteria, abiotic stress, stress, energy, evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
    Language: English
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    COVID-19, Neuroimmunology and Neural Function (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: The recent and ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has changed societies and research around the world. As such, this new book examines the latest developments in the field of neuroscience related to these changes. It includes six chapters in two sections: “COVID-19 Effects: Neurology, Neuroimmunology, Neurogenesis” and “Molecular and Cellular Neurochemistry.” The first section includes chapters that address such topics as COVID’s effect on adult neurogenesis, neurological manifestations of COVID-19, and COVID-19 and seizures. Chapters in the second section discuss peripheral biomarkers in multiple sclerosis, amino acids as neurotransmitters, advancements in RNA sequencing technologies, and more.
    Keywords: Clinical & internal medicine ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKJ Neurology and clinical neurophysiology
    Language: English
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    Plant Growth and Regulation (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Plant Growth and Regulation - Alterations to Sustain Unfavorable Conditions consists of five chapters written by scientists from different parts of the world, who are experts in their respective focuses of research. The topics cover the physical growth and physiological and genetic alterations in plants, particularly under environmental stress conditions. The storyline of this book starts from the plant community, followed by cellular and ultrastructural phenomenes occurring within the plant in its interaction with the environment, and ends with elucidation of chloroplast's DNAs, their transfer to the nucleus, and the genetic engineering technology applicable for plant adaptation to changing environmental conditions. This book is aimed at attracting the attention of students, teachers, as well as scientists who have a similar focus of study or interest. It contains advanced studies in the respective chapters.
    Keywords: climate change, heavy metal, chlorophyll, biotechnological applications, metal toxicity ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
    Language: English
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    Bioinformatics (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: An interdisciplinary bioinformatics science aims to develop methodology and analysis tools to explore large-volume of biological data using conventional and modern computer science, statistics, and mathematics, as well as pattern recognition, reconstruction, machine learning, simulation and iterative approaches, molecular modeling, folding, networking, and artificial intelligence. Written by international team of life scientists, this Bioinformatics book provides some updates on bioinformatics methods, resources, approaches, and genome analysis tools useful for molecular sciences, medicine and drug designs, as well as plant sciences and agriculture. I trust chapters of this book should provide advanced knowledge for university students, life science researchers, and interested readers on some latest developments in the bioinformatics field.
    Keywords: databases, cancer, inflammation, data mining, targeted therapy, microbiome ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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