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  • thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics  (105)
  • KIT Scientific Publishing  (70)
  • Taylor & Francis  (18)
  • Springer Nature  (16)
  • Open Book Publishers  (1)
  • Routledge  (1)
  • ANU Press
  • Amsterdam : Elsevier
  • Washington, DC : United States Gov. Print. Off.
  • English  (105)
  • 2020-2024  (105)
  • 2005-2009
  • 1995-1999
  • 2024
  • 2021  (105)
  • 2020
  • 2005
  • 1996
Collection
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  • 2020-2024  (105)
  • 2005-2009
  • 1995-1999
Year
  • 1
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    Annual Report 2019 of the Institute for Nuclear and Energy Technologies (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The annual report of the Institute for Nuclear and Energy Technologies of KIT summarizes its research activities and provides some highlights of each working group, like thermal-hydraulic analyses for fusion reactors, accident analyses for light water reactors, and research on innovative energy technologies: liquid metal technologies for energy conversion, hydrogen technologies and geothermal power plants. The institute has been engaged in education and training in energy technologies.
    Keywords: Fusion ; Kernenergie ; Flüssigmetall-Technologien ; Wasserstofftechnologien ; geothermische Energie ; Jahresbericht ; Nuclear energy ; liquid metal technologies ; hydrogen technologies ; geothermal energies ; annual report ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Molecular Beams in Physics and Chemistry (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This Open Access book gives a comprehensive account of both the history and current achievements of molecular beam research. In 1919, Otto Stern launched the revolutionary molecular beam technique. This technique made it possible to send atoms and molecules with well-defined momentum through vacuum and to measure with high accuracy the deflections they underwent when acted upon by transversal forces. These measurements revealed unforeseen quantum properties of nuclei, atoms, and molecules that became the basis for our current understanding of quantum matter. This volume shows that many key areas of modern physics and chemistry owe their beginnings to the seminal molecular beam work of Otto Stern and his school. Written by internationally recognized experts, the contributions in this volume will help experienced researchers and incoming graduate students alike to keep abreast of current developments in molecular beam research as well as to appreciate the history and evolution of this powerful method and the knowledge it reveals.
    Keywords: Quantum Physics ; Atomic/Molecular Structure and Spectra ; Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology ; History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics ; Physics, general ; Atomic and Molecular Structure and Properties ; History of Physics and Astronomy ; Philosophical Foundations of Physics and Astronomy ; Physics and Astronomy ; Open Access ; Molecular Beam History ; Precision Measurements ; Femto- and Atto-science ; Foundations of Quantum Mechanics ; Droplet Beams ; Molecular Beam Applications ; Matter Wave Interferometry ; Ultracold Atoms ; Quantum physics (quantum mechanics & quantum field theory) ; Nuclear physics ; Theoretical & mathematical astronomy ; History of science ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHQ Quantum physics (quantum mechanics and quantum field theory) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PG Astronomy, space and time ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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  • 3
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    A Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Method for the Simulation of Centralized Sloshing Experiments (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method is proposed for studying hydrodynamic processes related to nuclear engineering problems. A problem of possible recriticality due to the sloshing motions of the molten reactor core is studied with SPH method. The accuracy of the numerical solution obtained in this study with the SPH method is significantly higher than that obtained with the SIMMER-III/IV reactor safety analysis code.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; CFD ; Sloshing ; Recriticality ; SPH ; Free Surface Flows ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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  • 4
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    Arsenic in groundwater of West Bengal: Implications from a field study (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This publication presents results of an interdisciplinary field study assessing the contribution of biological and inorganic processes in the mobilisation and accumulation of arsenic in groundwater of the Bengal Delta Plain, West Bengal. Investigations were focussed on the distribution of arsenic in sediments and shallow groundwater of two representative study sites. All results were combined in an effort to develop a conceptional model describing the mobility of arsenic in West Bengal aquifers.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; Arsenic ; Groundwater ; Bengal Delta Plain ; Groundwater abstraction ; West Bengal ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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  • 5
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    Investigation of coherent microscopic defects inside the tunneling barrier of a Josephson junction (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: In disordered solids, two-level atomic-tunneling systems are present in large quantity. Only recently, superconducting qubits opened a door for a detection and individual coherent manipulation of such microscopic quantum systems. We succeeded to tune the resonance frequencies of these systems by applying external strain on the qubit chip. Moreover, we observed and analyzed the interaction between two coupled tunneling systems.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; two-level systemQuantenbit ; Qubit ; qubit ; Superconducting qubit ; TunnelsystemQuantum bit ; TLS ; tunneling system ; phase qubit ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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  • 6
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    Fast-response measurements of organic trace species in the Earth's atmosphere (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This work describes the development of an ultra-light-weight Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometer (PTR-MS), its detailed qualification, ground-based and airborne applications and studies on VOC emissions in connection with fossil fuel production. The new system was used aboard a mobile laboratory in order to investigate the chemical fingerprints of the diverse emitters at oil and natural gas well pads. Emissions of aromatic hydrocarbons at a hydraulically fractured well have been studied.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; PTR-MS Flüchtige organische Verbindungen Hydraulic Fracturing Aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe Flugzeuggestützte MessungenPTR-MS Volatile organic compounds Hydraulic Fracturing Aromatic hydrocarbons Airborne measurements ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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  • 7
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    Anaerobic digestion of organic solid waste for energy production (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste as such or together with food waste, press water or patatoes sludge was investigated to equilibrate methane production within a day or over the weekend, when no OFMSW was available. A stable co-digestion process could be achieved with COD degradation between 60 and 80 %. The max. organic loading rates were 28 kg COD/L,d. For stable methane production the OLR during Co-digestion should not excede 22,5 kg/L,d.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; Food waste ; Potatoes sludge ; Organic fraction of municipal solid waste ; Methane production ; Anaerobic digestion ; Co-digestion ; Press water ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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  • 8
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    Assessment of an ultramicroelectrode array (UMEA) sensor for the determination of trace concentrations of heavy metals in water [online] (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The main objectives of this book are (i) to investigate the electrochemical behavior and the analytical performance of a novel ultramicroelectrode array (UMEA); (ii) to assess the analytical parameters of square-wave anodic stripping voltammetric measurements (SWASV) using the UMEA; and (iii) to estimate the potential of the UMEA in developing decentralised analytical equipments for the determination of trace concentrations of heavy metals in natural waters. Surface analytical techniques (SEM, ESEM, and AFM) showed that the UMEA chips are of high quality in manufacture. Cyclic voltammetric and chronoamperometric experiments proved that the electrochemical behavior of the UMEA is dominated by the features characteristic for single microelectrodes.Chronocoulometry was found to be the most suitable method in generating the Hg-film of good quality. A new UMEA chip could be plated at least ten times, corresponding to about 500 measurements of trace metals in synthetic aqueous solutions. Using SWASV, detection limits of 〈0.1 ï¿g/l could be achieved for the metals (Pb, Cd). Precision and accuracy were found to be approx +/-10% of RSD.In natural waters, the results obtained with the UMEA sensor showed a reasonably good agreement with HR-ICP-MS analyses. Different experimental parameters were optimised and investigated. Interferences (e.g., DOC) were significantly reduced through medium exchange and standard addition. Ultrasonic bath proved to be very efficient in resurfacing electrodes in laboratory.The UMEA sensor shows a great potential in developing a portable trace metal analyzer. However, for in situ and on-site measurements, the protection of the UMEA sensor from fouling seems to be inevitable. In order to achieve a pure microelectrode behavior with the UMEA, increasing the ratio of interelectrode distance to electrode diameter is recommended for further developments.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; Schwermetall ; Geochemie ; Chemischer Sensor ; Elektrochemischer Sensor ; Mikroelektrode ; Sensor ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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  • 9
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    Gauge Theories in Particle Physics: A Practical Introduction, Volume 2: Non-Abelian Gauge Theories (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Volume 2 of this revised and updated edition provides an accessible and practical introduction to the two non-Abelian quantum gauge field theories of the Standard Model of particle physics: quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and the Glashow-Salam-Weinberg (GSW) electroweak theory.This volume covers much of the experimental progress made in the last ten y
    Keywords: Nuclear physics ; Physics ; Quantum physics (quantum mechanics and quantum field theory) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHQ Quantum physics (quantum mechanics and quantum field theory)
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  • 10
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    Foundations of Quantum Theory: From Classical Concepts to Operator Algebras (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This book studies the foundations of quantum theory through its relationship to classical physics. This idea goes back to the Copenhagen Interpretation (in the original version due to Bohr and Heisenberg), which the author relates to the mathematical formalism of operator algebras originally created by von Neumann. The book therefore includes comprehensive appendices on functional analysis and C*-algebras, as well as a briefer one on logic, category theory, and topos theory. Matters of foundational as well as mathematical interest that are covered in detail include symmetry (and its "spontaneous" breaking), the measurement problem, the Kochen-Specker, Free Will, and Bell Theorems, the Kadison-Singer conjecture, quantization, indistinguishable particles, the quantum theory of large systems, and quantum logic, the latter in connection with the topos approach to quantum theory.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; Algebra ; Matrix theory ; Quantum physics ; Mathematical physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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  • 11
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    Spintronics with individual metal-organic molecules (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: In this work two ideas of using individual metal organic molecules in applications for data storage are presented. On the one hand, metal-free phthalocyanine is used to form a GMR contact consisting of one single molecule leading to the world smallest magnetic sensor. On the other hand, chromium acetylacetonate was used to study the properties of magnetic molecules adsorbed on surfaces in order to build magnetic bits for date storage.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; spintronics ; nanotechnology ; magnetic sensors ; giant magneto resistance ; organic electronics ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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  • 12
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    Wind Systems in the Dead Sea and Footprints in Seismic Records (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Atmospheric processes, such as wind, impact the ground motion of the earth and have the potential to induce strong broad-band noise in seismological records. In order to quantify the influence of wind on ground motion velocity joint seismological and meteorological measurements were conducted at the Dead Sea.Results reveal a pronounced impact of wind on seismological records. A methodology is presented to account for the dependency of PSD of ground motion velocity on the horizontal wind field.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; Wind ; Microseisms ; Wind speed ; Topography ; Totes Meer ; TopographieSeismology ; Seismologie ; Rauschspektrum ; Dead Sea ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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  • 13
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    High-resolution sensitivity studies with the regional climate model COSMO-CLM (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: High-resolution regional ensemble climate simulations with the regional climate model COSMO-CLM are performed for Southwest Germany to study the sensitivity of meteorological and hydrological variables to parameter settings. The soil-vegetation model VEG3D is implemented into COSMO-CLM to assess the impact of the lower atmospheric boundary on simulation results. A statistical-dynamical downscaling method is tested to shorten the simulation time for regional climate studies.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; regional climate modelling ; climate ; sensitivity studies ; COSMO-CLM ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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  • 14
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    Efficient Radar Forward Operator for Operational Data Assimilation within the COSMO-model (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Doppler radars provide unique 3D information about precipitating clouds in high spatial and temporal resolutions. However, the observed quantities (reflectivity, Doppler velocity and polarization properties) are not directly comparable to the variables of numerical prediction models. In order to enable radar data assimilation, a comprehensive modular radar forward operator has been developed.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; NWP model ; radar simulator ; parallelized and vectorized code ; weather forecast ; data assimilation ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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  • 15
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    Quantum simulation experiments with superconducting circuits (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: While the universal quantum computer seems not in reach for the near future, this work focusses on analog quantum simulation of intriguing quantum models of light-matter interactions, with the goal of achieving a computational speed-up as compared to classical hardware. Existing building blocks of quantum hardware are used from superconducting circuits, that have proven to be a very suitable experimental platform for the implementation of model Hamiltonians at a high degree of controllability.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; Festkörperphysik ; superconductivity ; quantum bit ; solid state physics ; Quantensimulation ; Quantenbits ; Quantenmechanik ; Supraleitung ; quantum computation ; Quantum simulation ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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  • 16
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    Parameterisation of electromagnetic showers and search for large extra dimensions in pp collisions at s = 14 TeV (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The emission of dibenzofurans and dioxins from industrial processes is a major environmental concern. Focussing on dibenzofuran, this study tend to improve our understanding of the general oxidation chemistry and to provide a mechanism suitable for future modelling studies. Based on quantum chemical methods, energies, chemical structures and reactions are calculated numerically. Not only stable molecules and radicals, but also transition states are reported in this work.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; ADD ; Shower parametrization ; extra dimensions ; shower parameterisation ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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  • 17
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    The Physics of the B Factories (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Physics
    Keywords: Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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  • 18
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    Foundations of Quantum Theory: From Classical Concepts to Operator Algebras (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Quantum physics; Mathematical physics; Matrix theory; Algebra
    Keywords: Quantum physics ; Mathematical physics ; Matrix theory ; Algebra ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 19
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    Gauge Theories in Particle Physics: A Practical Introduction, Fourth Edition - 2 Volume set (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The fourth edition of this well-established, highly regarded two-volume set continues to provide a fundamental introduction to advanced particle physics while incorporating substantial new experimental results, especially in the areas of CP violation and neutrino oscillations. It offers an accessible and practical introduction to the three gauge theories included in the Standard Model of particle physics: quantum electrodynamics (QED), quantum chromodynamics (QCD), and the Glashow-Salam-Weinberg (GSW) electroweak theory. In the first volume, a new chapter on Lorentz transformations and discrete symmetries presents a simple treatment of Lorentz transformations of Dirac spinors. Along with updating experimental results, this edition also introduces Majorana fermions at an early stage, making the material suitable for a first course in relativistic quantum mechanics. Covering much of the experimental progress made in the last ten years, the second volume remains focused on the two non-Abelian quantum gauge field theories of the Standard Model: QCD and the GSW electroweak theory. A new chapter on CP violation and oscillation phenomena describes CP violation in B-meson decays as well as the main experiments that have led to our current knowledge of mass-squared differences and mixing angles for neutrinos. Exploring a new era in particle physics, this edition discusses the exciting discovery of a boson with properties consistent with those of the Standard Model Higgs boson. It also updates many other topics, including jet algorithms, lattice QCD, effective Lagrangians, and three-generation quark mixing and the CKM matrix. This revised and updated edition provides a self-contained pedagogical treatment of the subject, from relativistic quantum mechanics to the frontiers of the Standard Model. For each theory, the authors discuss the main conceptual points, detail many practical calculations of physical quantities from first principles, and compare these quantitative predictions with experimental results, helping readers improve both their calculation skills and physical insight.
    Keywords: CP violation ; condensed-matter physics ; frontiers of the Standard Model ; Glashow-Salam-Weinberg electroweak theory ; gauge theories in the Standard Model ; introduction to advanced particle physics ; neutrino oscillations ; quantum chromodynamics ; quantum electrodynamics ; relativistic quantum mechanics ; Standard Model Higgs boson ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHQ Quantum physics (quantum mechanics and quantum field theory)
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  • 20
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    Hamburger Backstein- und Klinkerbauten : Gestalt, Konstruktion, Material (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Die Text- und Quellensammlung entstand als Arbeitsgrundlage für eine Exkursion nach Hamburg. Studierende der Architektur setzten sich mit der Frage auseinander, inwiefern sich der Umgang mit den Baumaterialien Ziegel und Klinker in konstruktiver und gestalterischer Hinsicht im Laufe der Zeit gewandelt hat. Der Fokus der Analysen wurde auf die Zeitspanne zwischen 1880 und 1930 gerichtet, da in diesen Dekaden das Bauen mit ""Backstein"" besonders starken Veränderungen unterworfen war.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; Backstein ; Ziegel ; Klinker ; Hamburg ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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  • 21
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    Group Theory for the Standard Model of Particle Physics and Beyond (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Based on the author's well-established courses, Group Theory for the Standard Model of Particle Physics and Beyond explores the use of symmetries through descriptions of the techniques of Lie groups and Lie algebras. The text develops the models, theoretical framework, and mathematical tools to understand these symmetries.After linking symmetries w
    Keywords: Internal Symmetries ; Quantum Angular Momentum ; Special Relativity And The Physical Particle States ; Symmetries And Conservation Laws ; Tensors And Tensor Operators ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHU Mathematical physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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  • 22
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    Lie Algebras In Particle Physics (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: In this book, the author convinces that Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington had things a little bit wrong, as least as far as physics is concerned. He explores the theory of groups and Lie algebras and their representations to use group representations as labor-saving tools.
    Keywords: Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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  • 23
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    High-resolution analysis of the initiation of deep convection forced by boundary-layer processes (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The initiation of atmospheric convection is investigated using the synergy of different instruments. The impact of increased spatial data resolution on the detection of the initiation of deep convection is analysed, and a methodology is developed to determine the likelihood of deep convection over flat and complex terrains. Intensive Observation Periods (IOPs) are used from the Convective Storm Initiation Project (CSIP), and the Convective and Orographically-Induced Precipitation Study (COPS).
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; COPS ; Wasserdampf ; atmosphärische Grenzschicht ; Konvektion ; deep convection ; water vapour ; CSIP ; COPSatmospheric boundary layer ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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  • 24
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    Proliferation-Proof Uranium/Plutonium Fuel Cycles: Safeguards and Non-Proliferation (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: After description of the uranium / plutonium fuel cycle results are reported for various isotopic compositions of reactor-grade plutonium for usability in hypothetical nuclear explosive devices. It is shown that it is mainly thermal analyses, besides neutron physics analyses, which indicate the limits of concentration of the Pu-238 plutonium isotope. Above these limits, such hypothetical nuclear explosive devices are not feasible technically. In the light of this finding, future proliferation-proof fuel cycles are proposed which make use of recent methods of actinide transmutation.The author is honorary professor at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and emeritus director of the former Institute for Neutron Physics and Reactor Engineering of the former Karlsruhe Research Center. For many years he was a member and, for some time, chairman of the German Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards (RSK).He is a member of the European Nuclear Society (ENS) and a member and fellow of the American Nuclear Society (ANS).
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; Non-Proliferation ; Nuclear Fuel Cycle ; Proliferation-proof ; Plutonium ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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  • 25
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    Chemical, Physical and Mineralogical Properties of Atmospheric Particulate Matter in the Megacity Beijing (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The scope of this work is to develop a comprehensive understanding of the aerosol pollution in the megacity Beijing. The focus lies on the interaction of anthropogenic and geogenic aerosol particles, their spatio-temporal variation, the most important pollution sources as well as the impact of particulate aerosols on human health and the environment. Furthermore, the bioavailable fraction of metal concentrations and the effect of mitigation measures during the 2008 Olympic Games were evaluated.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; Urban aerosols ; Single particle analyses ; Anthropogenic and geogenic particles ; Bioavailable metal concentrations ; Mitigation measures ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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  • 26
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    Assessing the Aerosol Impact on Southern West African Clouds and Atmospheric Dynamics (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: By using COSMO-ART, highly resolved process study simulations for 2-3 July 2016 are conducted to assess the aerosol effect on the meteorological conditions of southern West Africa. The meteorological phenomenon Evening Monsoon Flow Enhancement (EMFE) is identified as highly susceptible to the aerosol direct effect, leading to a spatial shift of the EMFE front. In a second aerosol feedback chain the aerosol variation leads to a temporal shift of the stratus-to-cumulus transition.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; COSMO-ART ; Wolken ; Aerosol ; Westafrikanischer Monsun ; clouds ; West African monsoon ; Nächtlicher Stratus ; COSMO-ARTaerosol ; nocturnal stratus ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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  • 27
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    STM Characterization of Phenylene-Ethynylene Oligomers on Au(111) and their Integration into Carbon Nanotube Nanogaps (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Molecular electronics requires both profound knowledge of a molecule's structure and functionality on a surface and controlled positioning between electrodes with nanometer-sized gaps. In the first part of this work, a detailed scanning tunneling microscope study of two variants of oligo(phenylene ethynylene) molecules is presented. In the second part, methods of fabricating carbon nanotube nanogap electrodes as direct contacts to these molecules are explored.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; Nanoelektronik Molekulardrähte Rastertunnelmikroskopie Kohlenstoffnanoröhren Nanogap-ElektrodenNanoelectronics Molecular wires Scanning tunneling microscopy Carbon nanotubes Nanogap electrodes ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    Time-efficient Simulation of Surface-excited Guided Lamb Wave Propagation in Composites (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The methods of time-efficient simulation of surface-excited wave propagation in plate-like multilayered composites are presented. The mathematical model of wave propagation in laminated plate based on the elasticity theory is transformed and then solved in wavenumber-frequency domain. The numerical methods for computation of inverse transform in time-space domain are developed and used for analysis of wave and energy propagation phenomena occurring in composite plates due to surface excitation.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; Lamb waves ; composites ; wave propagation ; piezoelectric actuators ; structural health monitoring ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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    The Standard Model and Beyond (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This new edition of The Standard Model and Beyond presents an advanced introduction to the physics and formalism of the standard model and other non-abelian gauge theories. It provides a solid background for understanding supersymmetry, string theory, extra dimensions, dynamical symmetry breaking, and cosmology. In addition to updating all of the experimental and phenomenological results from the first edition, it contains a new chapter on collider physics; expanded discussions of Higgs, neutrino, and dark matter physics; and many new problems. The book first reviews calculational techniques in field theory and the status of quantum electrodynamics. It then focuses on global and local symmetries and the construction of non-abelian gauge theories. The structure and tests of quantum chromodynamics, collider physics, the electroweak interactions and theory, and the physics of neutrino mass and mixing are thoroughly explored. The final chapter discusses the motivations for extending the standard model and examines supersymmetry, extended gauge groups, and grand unification. Thoroughly covering gauge field theories, symmetries, and topics beyond the standard model, this text equips readers with the tools to understand the structure and phenomenological consequences of the standard model, to construct extensions, and to perform calculations at tree level. It establishes the necessary background for readers to carry out more advanced research in particle physics. Supplementary materials are provided on the author’s website and a solutions manual is available for qualifying instructors.
    Keywords: Gauge Theory ; Higgs Boson ; High-energy physics ; Particle physics ; Strong Interaction ; Weak Interaction ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHU Mathematical physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHU Mathematical physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics
    Language: English
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    The World in Eleven Dimensions (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: A unified theory embracing all physical phenomena is a major goal of theoretical physics. In the early 1980s, many physicists looked to eleven-dimensional supergravity in the hope that it might provide that elusive superunified theory. In 1984 supergravity was knocked off its pedestal by ten-dimensional superstrings, one-dimensional objects whose v
    Keywords: Nuclear physics ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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    Quantitative phase-field model for phase transformations in multi-component alloys (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Phase-field modeling has spread to a variety of applications involving phase transformations.While the method has wide applicability, derivation of quantitative predictions requires deeper understanding of the coupling between the system and model parameters. The book highlights a novel phase-field model based on a grand-potential formalism allowing for an elegant and efficient solution to problems in phase transformations.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; eutectic ; grand-potential ; solidification ; monotectic ; multi-component ; peritectic ; phase-field ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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    Monitoring the water content evolution of dikes (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The water content evolution of model dikes is monitored with geophysical methods. Water content changes are successfully quantified using electrical resistivity tomography. Numerical simulation of water flow in a dike model is used to estimate the variability of water content. Modeling of synthetic data sets is used to evaluate the quality of resistivity quantification using ERT. An ensemble approach is proposed to improve the interpretation of ERT inversions.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; electrical resistivity tomography ; modeling ; water content ; hydrogeophysics ; monitoring ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    Convective precipitation simulated with ICON over heterogeneous surfaces in dependence on model and land-surface resolution (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing | KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The impact of land-surface properties like vegetation, soil type, soil moisture, and the orography on the atmosphere is manifold. These features determine the evolution of the atmospheric boundary layer, convective conditions, cloud evolution and precipitation. The impact of model grid spacing and land-surface resolution on convective precipitation over heterogeneous surfaces is investigated using ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic (ICON) simulations within the framework of the HD(CP)2 project.
    Keywords: ICON ; LES ; Wärme- und Feuchtehaushalt ; HD(CP)2 ; Verdunstungskälte ; Entrainment ; Wolkenaggregation ; LAGRANTO ; Auslösemechanismen der Konvektion ; heat and moisture budgets ; evaporative cooling ; entrainment ; cloud aggregation ; triggering mechanisms of convection ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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    Heavy Flavour Physics Theory and Experimental Results in Heavy Quark Physics (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This book provides a thorough introduction to the phenomenology of heavy flavour physics, those working on the B-factories, LHCb, BTeV, HERA and the Tevatron. It explains how heavy quark theory could be implemented on the lattice, and discusses the status of CP-violation in the neutral kaon system.
    Keywords: Nuclear physics ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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    Quantum Sensing Experiments with Superconducting Qubits (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing | KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Quantum sensing is a vast and emerging field enabling in-situ studies of quantum systems and hence the development of quantum hybrid systems. This work creates the fundament of direct superconducting-magnetic hybrid systems by developing a local microwave sensing scheme and studying the influence of a static magnetic field on a superconducting qubit. Finally, a proof-of-principle hybrid system is demonstrated, which opens the path towards superconducting-magnetic quantum circuits.
    Keywords: Quantensensorik ; Supraleitung ; Quantenbits ; Tieftemperaturphysik ; Hybridsysteme ; Quantum sensing ; superconductivity ; quantum bits ; low temperature physics ; hybrid systems ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    Development of an Air Coil Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Electrical power grids are the lifeline of technical infrastructure and fundamental for industry and modern lives. Fault Currents can disrupt the continuous supply of electrical energy, cause instable grid conditions and damage electrical equipment. The Air Coil Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (AC-SFCL) is a measure to effectively limit fault currents. The concept is investigated and proven experimentally by designing, building and successfully testing a 60 kV, 400 V, z = 6% demonstrator.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; Netzsicherheit ; energy supply ; EnergieversorgungSuperconductivity ; Kurzschlussstrombegrenzung ; Drosselspule ; fault current limitation ; power grids ; Supraleitung ; air coil ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    Microfluidics and Nanofluidics Handbook (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The Microfluidics and Nanofluidics Handbook: Two-Volume Set comprehensively captures the cross-disciplinary breadth of the fields of micro- and nanofluidics, which encompass the biological sciences, chemistry, physics and engineering applications. To fill the knowledge gap between engineering and the basic sciences, the editors pulled together key individuals, well known in their respective areas, to author chapters that help graduate students, scientists, and practicing engineers understand the overall area of microfluidics and nanofluidics. Topics covered include Finite Volume Method for Numerical Simulation Lattice Boltzmann Method and Its Applications in Microfluidics Microparticle and Nanoparticle Manipulation Methane Solubility Enhancement in Water Confined to Nanoscale Pores Volume Two: Fabrication, Implementation, and Applications focuses on topics related to experimental and numerical methods. It also covers fabrication and applications in a variety of areas, from aerospace to biological systems. Reflecting the inherent nature of microfluidics and nanofluidics, the book includes as much interdisciplinary knowledge as possible. It provides the fundamental science background for newcomers and advanced techniques and concepts for experienced researchers and professionals.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics ; Renewable Energy ; Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ; ENG ; NANO ; MechanicalEngineering ; SCI-TECH ; STM ; applications ; beads ; capillary ; devices ; magnetic ; microelectromechanical ; micromachining ; microuidic ; surface ; systems ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics::PHDY Energy ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TN Civil engineering, surveying & building ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TG Mechanical engineering & materials::TGB Mechanical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics::PHDY Energy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGB Mechanical engineering
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    Local Investigation of Single Magnetic Molecules with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: We worked on different magnetic molecules containing 3d and 4f magnetic centers. Their growth on metallic surfaces, topographies, spin states, magnetic properties and electron transport were locally investigated by using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at temperatures down to 30mK. The main achievement of this dissertation reveals the abrupt switching of crystal fields during formation of molecular contacts.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; Rastertunnelmikroskopie ; inelastic excitation ; molecular contact ; molekularer Kontakt ; einzelnes magnetisches Molekül ; single magnetic molecule ; Spinzustand ; scanning tunneling microscopy ; spin state ; unelastische Erregung ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    An Introduction to the Passage of Energetic Particles through Matter (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Identifying where to access data, extracting a needed subset from available resources, and knowing how to interpret the format in which data are presented can be time-consuming tasks for scientists and engineers. By collecting all of this information and providing a background in physics, An Introduction to the Passage of Energetic Particles thr
    Keywords: alpha ; bethe ; bloch ; equation ; flux ; heavy ; kinetic ; planar ; power ; stopping ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHF Materials / States of matter::PHFC Condensed matter physics (liquid state and solid state physics)
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    Energy Planning in Selected European Regions - Methods for Evaluating the Potential of Renewable Energy Sources (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Given their potentially positive impact on climate protection and the preservation of fossil resources, alternative energy sources have become increasingly important for the energy supply over the past years. However, the questions arises what economic and ecological impacts and potential conflicts over land use resources are associated with the promotion of renewable energy production. Using the examples of three selected European Regions in Poland, France and German, the dissertation discusses these questions and examines the potential and consequences of an intensified usage of renewable energy sources.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; GIS ; renewable energy ; regional planning ; land-use conflicts ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    Nonlinear Effects in Superconducting Quantum Interference Meta-Atoms (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This thesis deals with the nonlinear aspects of superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) as magnetic meta-atoms. Such meta-atoms are usually resonant structures that constitute the basic building blocks of a metamaterial with the purpose of giving the material unconventional magnetic properties. Due to their intrinsic nonlinearity, SQUIDs exhibit a number of phenomena such as frequency tunability and multi-stability that make them attractive as controllable meta-atoms.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; Superconductivity ; Metamaterials ; Multi-stability ; SQUIDs ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    Optimizing Dual-Doppler Lidar Measurements of Surface Layer Coherent Structures with Large-Eddy Simulations (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Coherent structures are patterns in the wind field of the atmospheric boundary layer. The deployment of two scanning Doppler lidars facilitates the measurement of the horizontal wind field, but the inherent averaging processes complicate an interpretation of the results. To assess the suitability of this technique for coherent structure detection large-eddy simulations are used as a basis for virtual measurements, and the effects of the lidar technique on the wind field structure are analyzed.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; Doppler-Lidar ; atmosphärische GrenzschichtDoppler-lidar ; Meteorologie ; large-eddy simulation ; meteorology ; kohärente Strukturen ; boundary layer ; coherent structures ; Grobstruktursimulation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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    Solar Particle Radiation Storms Forecasting and Analysis (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Solar Energetic Particles; Space Weather Forecasting; Solar Flares; Coronal Mass Ejections; Solar Wind Shock Waves; Particle Acceleration in the Solar Corona; Gamma-Ray Flares
    Keywords: Solar Energetic Particles ; Space Weather Forecasting ; Solar Flares ; Coronal Mass Ejections ; Solar Wind Shock Waves ; Particle Acceleration in the Solar Corona ; Gamma-Ray Flares ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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    Physical (A)Causality (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Physical indeterminism; Randomness in physics; Physical random number generators; Physical chaos; Self-reflexive knowledge; Acausality in physics; Irreducible randomness
    Keywords: Physical indeterminism ; Randomness in physics ; Physical random number generators ; Physical chaos ; Self-reflexive knowledge ; Acausality in physics ; Irreducible randomness ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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    Role of Fe-oxides for predicting phosphorus sorption in calcareous soils (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Agronomic efficiency and management of environmental P inputs can be improved by understanding soil-phosphorus interaction. Iron oxides and other clay minerals, P forms, and P sorption in young alluvial and weathered residual soils were determined. Phosphorus retention related to crystallinity and phase distribution of iron oxides. CBD and oxalate extractable iron and aluminum and smectite and kaolinite explained 90% variation while soil CaCO3 role was only insignificant in explaining P sorption.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; goethite ; P-fractionation ; hematite ; Fe-oxides ; phosphorus sorption ; calcareous soils ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    Influence of cellulose ethers on the kinetics of early Portland cement hydration (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The phase-specific influence of cellulose ether (CEs) on Portland cement hydration was investigated in-situ, using synchrotron X-ray diffractometry. CE-caused retardation can be traced to the polymers adsorption behaviour. The adsorption decreases in following order: silicates and their hydrates (high), sulfates (low), ettringite (zero). The retarding effect is strong on silicates, moderate on sulfates and unspecific on alluminates.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; polymer ; cement ; cellulose ether ; hydration ; X-ray diffractometry ; construction chemistry ; kinetic ; synchrotron radiation ; Portland cement ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    Nitrification in Fixed Bed Reactors Treating Saline Wastewater (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Two fixed bed reactors for nitrification with either polyethylene/clay sinter lamellas (FBR A) or porous ceramic rings (FBR B) were continously run for treating synthetic saline wastewater. Seawater from Hafen Büsum was used as an inoculums. The performance of the system was evaluated under different operating conditions. A better overall nitrification without nitrite accumulation was observed in FBR B during continuous incubation. However, in term of ammonia (AOR) and nitrite oxidation rates (NOR) that were determined in batch incubations, FBR A revealed a higher AOR and NOR of 6 and 7 mg N L-1 h-1, compared to the AOR and NOR of 5 and 5.9 mg N L-1 h-1 in FBR B, respectively. For studies of the effect of fluctuating salinity on the nitrification, polyethylene/clay sinter lamellas or porous ceramic rings from FBR A and B, respectively, were used as a source of immobilized nitrifiers. Salt concentrations were decreased from 3.5% to 0.03% via 2, 1 and 0.5% and increased from 3.5% to 5, 7 and 9%. A similar result for AOR and NOR during batch incubation was obtained for both substrata in FBR A and FBR B. The salinity changes influenced more the nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) than the ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB). Measurement of oxidation rates during changing conditions show that the NORs were always higher than the AORs in all reactors, especially in initial phase. However, NORs were more sensitive to the salinity fluctuation than AORs, especially at lower salinity. The AORs remained constant for 0.5-3.5% NaCl and dropped to 70% and 68.5% after the salt concentration was brought to 0.034 or 5%, respectively. The NORs decreased significantly to 62% and 87.5% of initial rates after the salt concentration was changed to 2 and 5%, respectively.Non-halotolerant nitrifiers reactors with fresh polyethylene/clay as supporting material were inoculated with water samples taken from a ""Brackwasser""-location at the North Sea and were continuously run. The salt content in medium was 0% at the start and was then increased up to 10.5%. Increases of the salt concentration in a non-salt-adapted FBR suppressed more to NOR than AOR. When salinity was increased from 0.03% to 0.5, 1 and 2%, AORs remained constant. The AORs were approx. 90% of initial rates after the salt concentrations were increased stepwise to 3.5%, whereas the NORs decreased to 85, 52 and 36% of initial rate after salinity was increased to 1, 2 and 3.5%, respectively.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; Saline wastewater ; Free ammonia und Free nitrous acid ; Fixed bed-reactors ; Halophilic nitrification ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    Diagnosing the Downstream Impact of Extratropical Transition Using Multimodel Operational Ensemble Prediction Systems (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The study examines the predictability during the extratropical transition (ET) of tropical cyclones using the THORPEX Interactive Grand Global Ensemble (TIGGE), a multimodel ensemble prediction system (EPS). It is shown that TIGGE exhibits more possible development scenarios than a single EPS. By analysing the eddy kinetic energy budget of forecast scenarios for two ET cases, extracted from an EPS, the impact of the transitioning tropical cyclones on the midlatitude flow is studied in detail.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; extratropical transition multimodel ensemble eddy kinetic energy analysis tropical cyclones TIGGE ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    An Introduction to Particle Physics and the Standard Model (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: An Introduction to the Standard Model of Particle Physics familiarizes readers with what is considered tested and accepted and in so doing, gives them a grounding in particle physics in general. Whenever possible, Dr. Mann takes an historical approach showing how the model is linked to the physics that most of us have learned in less challenging ar
    Keywords: Nuclear physics ; Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    Quantification of the Downstream Impact of Extratropical Transition for Typhoon Jangmi and Other Case Studies (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The impact of extratropical transition on the midlatitude flow is quantified based on potential vorticity inversion. The detailed study of Typhoon Jangmi (2008) reveals the diabatically enhanced net transport of low-PV air to the tropopause as the key physical process determining the direct impact of ET. Relocation experiments and further case studies show the crucial role of the relative position of the TC and the midlatitude flow for the downstream impact of ET and the reduced predictability.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; Atmosphärische Dynamik ; mittlere Breiten ; Potentielle Vorticity Inversion ; Tropischer Wirbelsturm ; midlatitudes ; Atmospheric Dynamics ; jet stream ; potential vorticity inversion ; Strahlstrom ; Tropical Cyclone ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    Suitability of local materials to purify Akaki Sub-Basin water (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Dissolved and suspended particulate matter (SPM) bound Cu, Zn, Ni, As, Pb, Mn, and Fe are common pollutants in surface and groundwater of the Akaki Sub-Basin.This work (1) presents results of water quality analysis and (2) evaluates an innovative approach for removing heavy metals from polluted water using natural materials. Removal capacities of the filter media for Cu, Zn, Ni, and Pb reach 90%. The main removal mechanisms involved are weak sorption and surface precipitation.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; SPM bound heavy metals ; Akaki Sub-Basin ; filter media ; volcanic materials ; suspended particulate matter (SPM) ; column experiment ; arsenic ; sorption ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    Gravity forward modeling with a tesseroid-based Rock-Water-Ice approach – Theory and applications in the context of the GOCE mission and height system unification (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Detailed information on the gravitational effect of the Earth’s topographic and isostatic masses can be calculated by gravity forward modeling. Within this book, the tesseroid-based Rock-Water-Ice (RWI) approach is developed, which allows a rigorous separate modeling of the Earth’s rock, water, and ice masses with variable density values. Besides a discussion and evaluation of the RWI approach, applications in the context of the GOCE satellite mission and height system unification are presented.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; Vorwärtsmodellierung ; Rock-Water-Ice approach ; Satellitenmission GOCE ; Gravity forward modeling ; Height system unification ; Tesseroids ; Vereinheitlichung von Höhensystemen ; Tesseroide ; Rock-Water-Ice Ansatz ; GOCE satellite mission ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    Chemostratigraphy of some key European Frasnian-Famennian boundary sections (Germany, Poland, France) (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This study aimed to put constraints on regional and/or global environmental changes, which took place during the Frasnian-Famennian transition by using a geochemical multiproxy approach. The investigation of several key European Frasnian-Famennian boundary sections brings new geochemical evidences which emphasize the role of tectono-magmatic processes, like volcanism, hydrothermalism and major tectonic movements in the development of the particularities of the Kellwasser Horizons deposited close to the southern shores of Laurussia and the northern parts of Gondwana.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; Kellwasser-Event ; Umweltgeochemie ; Umweltveränderung ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    Separating arsenic oxyanions from natural waters for oxygen isotope analysis (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This study has developed a complete procedure for the measurement of oxygen isotopes in arsenic oxyanions in natural waters by using different adsorbents. The experimental results of kinetic exchange of oxygen between AsO43- and water show that the entire exchange procedure happens in a very short time at different pH conditions and temperatures.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; Sauerstoff-Isotopenkomposition ; Arsenitspezies ; arsenate species ; kinetic exchange ; quantitative separation ; oxygen isotope composition ; Arsenatspezies ; Kinetischer Austausch ; arsenite species ; Quantitative Trennung ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    The Physics of the B Factories (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This comprehensive work thoroughly introduces and reviews the set of results from Belle and BaBar - after more than two decades of independent and complementary work - all the way from the detectors and the analysis tools used, up to the physics results, and the interpretation of these results. The world’s two giant B Factory collaborations, Belle at KEK and BaBar at SLAC, have successfully completed their main mission to discover and quantify CP violation in the decays of B mesons. CP violation is a necessary requirement to distinguish unambiguously between matter and antimatter. The shared primary objective of the two B Factory experiments was to determine the shape of the so-called unitarity triangle, an abstract triangle representing interactions of quarks, the elementary constituents of matter. The area of the triangle is a measure of the amount of CP violation associated with the weak force. Many other measurements have been performed by the B Factories and are also discussed in this work.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    Towards a rigorous fusion of GNSS and InSAR observations for the purpose of water vapor retrieval (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: In the framework of the rigorous fusion of GNSS and InSAR observations, the presented work carries out at a straightforward comparison of the wet delay, caused by water vapor, derived from GNSS and InSAR. The contributions of the two sensors to the wet delay are compared in the line of sight towards the SAR satellite. Comparisons of GNSS observations with the satellite-directed InSAR data show that only a partial component of the wet delay remains after the interferogram formation.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; atmosphere ; fusion ; Wasserdampf ; water vapor ; GNSS ; Atmosphäre ; InSAR ; Fusion ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    One-Dimensional Tunable Josephson Metamaterials (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This thesis presents a novel approach to the experimental realization of tunable, superconducting metamaterials. Therefore, conventional resonant meta-atoms are replaced by meta-atoms that contain Josephson junctions, which renders their resonance frequency tunable by an external magnetic field. This tunability is theoretically and experimentally investigated in one-dimensional magnetic and electric metamaterials. For the magnetic metamaterial, the effective, magnetic permeability is determined.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; microwaves ; Metamaterialien ; Festkörperphysik ; low temperature physics ; solid state physics ; Tieftemperaturphysiksuperconductivity ; metamaterials ; Mikrowellen ; Supraleitung ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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    Cross-border Mobility for Electric Vehicles: Selected results from one of the first cross-border field tests in Europe (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This book provides selected results from the accompanying research of the project CROME. The vision of the project was to create and test a safe, seamless, user-friendly and reliable mobility with electric vehicles between France and Germany as a prefiguration of a pan-European electric mobility system. Major aims were contributions to the European standardisation process of charging infrastructure for electric mobility and corresponding services, and to provide an early customer feedback.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; Frankreich ; Electric Vehicle ; Elektromobilität ; Ladeinfrastruktur ; Fleet Test ; France ; Flottentest ; Charging Infrastructure ; ElektrofahrzeugElectric Mobility ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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    Towards magnetic resonance in scanning tunneling microscopy using heterodyne detection (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The present work introduces a new concept for magnetic resonance measurements in the GHz regime inside a scanning tunneling microscope. It is based on heterodyne detection in a spin-polarized tunneling barrier. The experimental requirements, including a new method to suppress transmission effects, are explained. Measurements on three model systems which were studied to validate the new technique are presented and compared to simulations.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; heterodyne ; Rastertunnelmikoskopie ; Spin ; spin ; magnetic ; resonance ; Resonanz ; STM ; magnetisch ; Heterodyne ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy on Electron-Boson Interactions in Superconductors (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This work describes the experimental study of electron-boson interactions in superconductors by means of inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy performed with a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) at temperatures below 1 K. This new approach allows the direct measurement of the Eliashberg function of conventional superconductors as demonstrated on lead (Pb) and niobium (Nb). Preparative experiments on unconventional iron-pnictides are presented in the end.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; iron pnictide ; tunneling spectroscopy ; superconductivity ; Eliashberg theory ; Tunnelspektroskopie ; Eliashberg ; STM ; Supraleitung ; inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    Direct Radiative Effects of Sea Salt on the Regional Scale (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This thesis aims to quantify the direct radiative effects of sea salt aerosol in the atmosphere. The online coupled regional scale model system COSMO-ART is extended for this objective with respect to the sea salt aerosol. Furthermore, a new sea salt optical parameterisation is developed for both the shortwave and longwave spectrum. Based on numerical simulations with the extended model system, the direct radiative effects of sea salt aerosol are investigated.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; numerical modelling ; COSMO-ART ; direct radiative effects ; regional scale ; sea salt aerosol ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    The future role of renewable energy sources in European electricity supply : A model-based analysis for the EU-15 (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Ambitious targets for the use of renewable electricity (RES-E) have been formulated by the EU Commission and the EU Member States. Taking into account technical, economic, and ecological framework conditions of the electricity market in a model-based approach, this book provides a comprehensive, quantitative assessment of the future penetration of renewable electricity in the European electricity market.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; energy system model ; RES ; optimisation ; electricity market ; enewable energy ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    Electroluminescence from Plasmonic Excitations in a Scanning Tunnelling Microscope (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This work presents the design and commissioning of a new low-temperature Scanning Tunnelling Microscope equipped with an innovative light collection setup using an integrated, micro-fabricated mirror tip. Commissioning experiments demonstrate the capabilities of this new instrument and reproduce known effects regarding gap plasmons on noble-metal surfaces. Furthermore, different contrasts in the plasmon-mediated light emission from Cobalt nano-islands on a Copper (111) substrate are reported.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; Rastertunnelmikroskopie ; Molecules ; ""Metal Surfaces"" ; ""Low Temperatures"" ; Metalloberflächen ; Moleküle""Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy"" ; Plasmonen ; Plasmons ; Tieftemperatur ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    IUTAM: A Short History (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Mechanics
    Keywords: Mechanics ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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    Radiation Monitoring and Dose Estimation of the Fukushima Nuclear Accident (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Effects of Radiation/Radiation Protection; Environmental Health; Nuclear Energy; Waste Water Technology / Water Pollution Control / Water Management / Aquatic Pollution; Nuclear Chemistry; Fukushima nuclear plant accident; Environmental contamination by radionuclides; Radiation dose assessment; Aerial radiation dose; Environmental monitoring
    Keywords: Effects of Radiation/Radiation Protection ; Environmental Health ; Nuclear Energy ; Waste Water Technology / Water Pollution Control / Water Management / Aquatic Pollution ; Nuclear Chemistry ; Fukushima nuclear plant accident ; Environmental contamination by radionuclides ; Radiation dose assessment ; Aerial radiation dose ; Environmental monitoring ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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    Collider Physics within the Standard Model (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: elementary particles; quantum field theory; string theory
    Keywords: elementary particles ; quantum field theory ; string theory ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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    Charged Particle Optics Theory (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Charged Particle Optics Theory: An Introduction identifies the most important concepts of charged particle optics theory, and derives each mathematically from the first principles of physics. Assuming an advanced undergraduate-level understanding of calculus, this book follows a logical progression, with each concept building upon the preceding one. Beginning with a non-mathematical survey of the optical nature of a charged particle beam, the text: Discusses both geometrical and wave optics, as well as the correspondence between them Describes the two-body scattering problem, which is essential to the interaction of a fast charged particle with matter Introduces electron emission as a practical consequence of quantum mechanics Addresses the Fourier transform and the linear second-order differential equation Includes problems to amplify and fill in the theoretical details, with solutions presented separately Charged Particle Optics Theory: An Introduction makes an ideal textbook as well as a convenient reference on the theoretical origins of the optics of charged particle beams. It is intended to prepare the reader to understand the large body of published research in this mature field, with the end result translated immediately to practical application.
    Keywords: Charged ; Introduction ; Optics ; Particle ; Theory ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TH Energy technology & engineering::THR Electrical engineering ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TT Other technologies & applied sciences::TTB Applied optics::TTBL Laser technology & holography ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THR Electrical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TT Other technologies and applied sciences::TTB Applied optics::TTBL Laser technology and holography
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    A Time Travel Dialogue (2021)
    Open Book Publishers
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Is time travel just a confusing plot device deployed by science fiction authors and Hollywood filmmakers to amaze and amuse? Or might empirical data prompt a scientific hypothesis of time travel? Structured on a fascinating dialogue involving a distinguished physicist, Dr. Rufus, a physics graduate student and a computer scientist this book probes an experimentally supported hypothesis of backwards time travel – and in so doing addresses key metaphysical issues, such as causation, identity over time and free will. The setting is the Jefferson National Laboratory during a period of five days in 2010. Dr. Rufus’s experimental search for the psi-lepton and the resulting intractable data spurs the discussion on time travel. She and her two colleagues are pushed by their observations to address the grandfather paradox and other puzzles about backwards causation, with attention also given to causal loops, multi-dimensional time, and the prospect that only the present exists. Sensible solutions to the main puzzles emerge, ultimately advancing the case for time travel really being possible. A Time Travel Dialogue addresses the possibility of time travel, approaching familiar paradoxes in a rigorous, engaging, and fun manner. It follows in the long philosophical tradition of using dialogue to present philosophical ideas and arguments, but is ground breaking in its use of the dialogue format to introduce readers to the metaphysics of time travel, and is also distinctive in its use of lab results to drive philosophical analysis. The discussion of data that might decide whether time is one-dimensional (one timeline) or multi-dimensional (branching time) is especially novel.
    Keywords: time travel ; paradox ; presentism ; time ; causal loop ; branching time ; Dimension ; Lepton ; Metaphysics ; Philosophical presentism ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTJ Philosophy: metaphysics and ontology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PG Astronomy, space and time::PGZ Time (chronology), time systems and standards ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTJ Philosophy: metaphysics and ontology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PG Astronomy, space and time::PGZ Time (chronology), time systems and standards ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    Characterisation of REBCO Roebel cables (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This work concerns the characterization of high-temperature superconducting REBCO Roebel cables for use in accelerator magnets. The effects of bending, torsion and compressive stress on the cable are investigated. The second part concerns the effect of inter-strand resistance on the cable properties. A two-parameter model is proposed to describe inter-strand connections and predict the effect on AC loss and stability. Additionally, the AC loss and stability are experimentally investigated.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; Hochtemperatursupraleiter ; REBCO coated conductor ; High-temperature superconductor ; Hochfeldmagnete ; REBCO-Bandleiter ; Roebelkabel ; high-field magnets ; Roebel cable ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    Treatment of phenolic wastewater in suspended and fixed bed bioreactors (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Phenol and chlorophenols are among the most important class of raw materials in chemical industry. These compounds also list among priority pollutants. The main problem in treating phenol or chlorophenol containing wastewater is the toxicity it exerts to the microbial flora in biological treatment plants. This may lead to partial or complete treatment plant failure, when the microbial flora is not adapted to phenol concentrations in the influent. The purpose of this thesis was to adapt the microbial flora of domestic sewage sludge to phenol and 2-chlorophenol at high concentration under continuous feeding conditions for long time periods and to study the response of suspension and fixed biofilm systems to transient loading and operation.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; 2-chlorophenol ; Phenol ; fixed bed ; biodegradation ; suspension ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    Demystifying Climate Models (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Civil engineering; Climate change management
    Keywords: Civil engineering ; Climate change management ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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    Contrails and Climate Engineering - Process Studies on Natural and Artificial High-Level Clouds and Their Impact on the Radiative Fluxes (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Two aspects of anthropogenic impacts on the atmosphere are investigated using means of numerical weather prediction. A case study is conducted to estimate the impact of such artificial clouds on the incoming solar radiation at the Earth's surface with special regard to photovoltaic power production. Furthermore, simulations are performed to assess the efficacy of injecting particles into the Arctic troposphere with the aim of modifying cirrus clouds for counteracting global warming.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; climate engineering ; contrails ; Kondensstreifen ; Arktis ; arctic ; cirrus ; Wolkenmikrophysik ; Zirren ; cloud microphysics ; Climate Engineering ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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    Precipitation statistics from regional climate model at resolutions relevant for soil erosion (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: A major source of uncertainty in regional climate model simulations arises from the convection parameterisation. Increasing spatial resolution to the so-called convection-permitting scale allows switching off most of the convective parameterisations. Several studies prove the benefits of this spatial scale, but none of them is based on climatological time-scale (i.e. 30 years) as this research.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; regional climate model ; convection ; Regionale Klimamodelle ; Konvektion ; atmosphärische Prozesse ; convection-permitting scale ; atmospheric processes ; climate change signal ; Klimawandel-Signal ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    Cosmology in Gauge Field Theory and String Theory (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Cosmology in Gauge Field Theory and String Theory focuses on the cosmological implications of the gauge theories of particle physics and of string theory. The book first examines the universe's series of phase transitions in which the successive gauge symmetries of the higher-temperature phase were spontaneously broken after the big bang, discussing relics of these phase transitions, more generic relics (baryons, neutrinos, axions), and supersymmetric particles (neutralinos and gravitinos). The author next studies supersymmetric theory, supergravity theory, and the constraints on the underlying field theory of the universe's inflationary era. The book concludes with a discussion of black hole solutions of the supergravity theory that approximates string theory at low energies and the insight that string theory affords into the microscopic origin of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. Cosmology in Gauge Field Theory and String Theory provides a modern introduction to these important problems from a particle physicist's perspective. It is intended as an introductory textbook for a first course on the subject at a graduate level.
    Keywords: Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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    Hybrid quantum system based on rare earth doped crystals (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Hybrid quantum circuits interfacing rare earth spin ensembles with microwave resonators are a promising approach for application as coherent quantum memory and frequency converter. In this thesis, hybrid circuits based on Er and Nd ions doped into Y?SiO? and YAlO? crystals are investigated by optical and on-chip microwave spectroscopy. Coherent strong coupling between the microwave resonator and spin ensemble as well as a multimode memory for weak coherent microwave pulses are demonstrated.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; hybrider Mikrowellenresonator ; quantum memory ; hybrid ; microwave resonator ; Quantenspeicherspin ensemble ; rare earth ; seltene Erden ; Spin Ensemble ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    Experiments on flux qubits with pi-shifters (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The results of the research re-ported in this work show that tunable gap flux qubits have a potential for building quantum registers. Cavities coupled to flux qubits can be used for in-formation storage and transfer between qubits. SFS π-shifters provide a simple approach to bias multi-qubit circuits. A possibility to change the qubit resonance frequency while preserving qubit coherence enables implementation of switchable coupling between qubits and cavities.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; Quantum computation ; Josephson devices ; Superconductivity ; Ferromagnet ; Circuit quantum electrodynamics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    A Course in Field Theory (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Extensively classroom-tested, A Course in Field Theory provides material for an introductory course for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in physics. Based on the author's course that he has been teaching for more than 20 years, the text presents complete and detailed coverage of the core ideas and theories in quantum field theory.
    Keywords: Cross Sections ; Path Integrals For Fermions ; Quantisation Of Fields ; The Higgs Mechanism ; The Scattering Matrix ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHQ Quantum physics (quantum mechanics and quantum field theory)
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    Unifying Physics of Accelerators, Lasers and Plasma (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Unifying Physics of Accelerators, Lasers and Plasma introduces the physics of accelerators, lasers and plasma in tandem with the industrial methodology of inventiveness, a technique that teaches that similar problems and solutions appear again and again in seemingly dissimilar disciplines. This unique approach builds bridges and enhances connection
    Keywords: beam ; cooling ; emission ; inventive ; principles ; proton ; pulse ; radiation ; stimulated ; synchrotron ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TT Other technologies & applied sciences::TTB Applied optics::TTBL Laser technology & holography ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TT Other technologies and applied sciences::TTB Applied optics::TTBL Laser technology and holography
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    Radar Forward Operator for Verification of Cloud Resolving Simulations within the COSMO Model (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: In this work, various simulation methods of the effective radar reflectivity factor and its attenuation by atmospheric particles from the variables of the COSMO model have been implemented within a so-called radar forward operator, and its output was compared to measurements from the German radar network. To perform a statistically reliable model verification, contoured frequency by altitude diagrams (CFADs) were used and refined.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; Radarmeteorologie ; Wolkenphysik ; Model Verification ; CFADRadar Meteorology ; CFAD ; COSMO ; Cloud Physics ; Modellverifikation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    Innovations for sustainable biomass utilisation in the Upper Rhine Region (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This book provides insight into the project 'OUI Biomasse' by summarising selected results. The major goal was the development of a knowledge-based sustainable biomass strategy for the transition of the energy system of the Upper Rhine Region. The 'OUI Biomasse' network studied all aspects of the biomass value chain to come up with development scenarios, analyse their potential impact in terms of sustainability criteria and to draft guidelines for the sustainable use of biomass.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; Upper Rhine Region ; Sustainability ; OberrheinregionBiomass ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Biomasse ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    Arctic mixed-phase clouds : Macro- and microphysical insights with a numerical model (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This work provides new insights into macro- and microphysical properties of Arctic mixed-phase clouds: first, by comparing semi-idealized large eddy simulations with observations; second, by dissecting the influences of different surface types and boundary layer structures on Arctic mixed- phase clouds; third, by elucidating the dissipation process; and finally by analyzing the main microphysical processes inside Arctic mixed-phase clouds.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; microphysical processes in clouds ; Arktische Mischphasenwolken ; Mikrophysikalische Prozesse in Wolken ; cloud dissipation process ; surface heterogeneities ; Oberflächeneinfluss ; Wolkenauflösung ; Arctic mixed-phase clouds ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    Arsenic mobilization processes in the red river delta, Vietnam : towards a better understanding of the patchy distribution of dissolved arsenic in alluvial deposits (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The spatial variability of dissolved arsenic (As) concentrations in aquifers was studied near Ha Noi, Vietnam. The goal was to identify major geochemical, sedimentological and hydrochemical differences between high and low As regions. Also, the behaviour of As and other elements during sequential extractions was characterized with micro synchrotron XRF analysis. Based on the results a conceptual model was developed which could explain the current situation on site and in other affected areas.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; Vietnam ; Arsenic mobilization ; sequential extraction ; µS-XRF ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    Search for H -〉 bb in association with a tt pair in proton-proton collisions at vs = 14 TeV (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The main topic of this book is the determination of the potential to discover the Higgs boson at the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the LHC in a certain decay channel. The production mode under investigation is the associated production with top quarks and the subsequent decay into b-quarks. The search for the decay into b-quarks is of special interest, because it has the highest branching ratio in the mass region shortly above the exclusion limit of 114.4 GeV. In addition, this channel facilitates measurements of Higgs coupling properties.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; Teilchenbeschleuniger ; CERN ; Elementarteilchenphysik ; Higgs-Modell ; CMS-Detektor ; Higgs-Mechanismus ; Higgs-Teilchen ; Hochenergiephysik ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    Investigation of Magnetic Adatoms with Scanning Tunneling Techniques (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: In this work, magnetic atoms on surfaces are studied with low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. Motivated by the idea to use single atoms as magnetic bits, the factors that allow or prevent long-term stability of their magnetic moments are investigated. Lifetimes of up to several minutes can be achieved for the magnetic moments of holmium atoms on a Pt(111) surface, resulting from the combined symmetries of the system. Corresponding theoretical calculations are presented and evaluated.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; Rastertunnelmikroskopie ; LebenszeitSTM Magnetic Adatom Spin Lifetime ; Spin ; Magnetismus ; Adatom ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    Measurement and Control of Charged Particle Beams (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This advanced textbook and reference is the first comprehensive and systematic review of all methods used for the measurement, correction, and control of the beam dynamics of modern particle accelerators. Based on material presented in several lectures at the US Particle Accelerator School, the text is intended for graduate students starting research or work in the field of beam physics. Relativistic beams in linear accelerators and storage rings provide the focus. After a review of linear optics, the text addresses basic and advanced techniques for beam control, plus a variety of methods for the manipulation of particle-beam properties. In each case, specific procedures are illustrated by examples from operational accelerators, e.g., CERN, DESY, SLAC, KEK, LBNL, and FNAL. The book also treats special topics such as injection and extraction methods, beam cooling, spin transport, and polarization. Problems and solutions enhance the book’s usefulness in graduate courses.
    Keywords: Physics ; Physics ; CERN ; DESY ; Particle accelerator ; Storage ring ; control ; measurement ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    Physical (A)Causality: Determinism, Randomness and Uncaused Events (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This book addresses the physical phenomenon of events that seem to occur spontaneously and without any known cause. These are to be contrasted with events that happen in a (pre-)determined, predictable, lawful, and causal way. All our knowledge is based on self-reflexive theorizing, as well as on operational means of empirical perception. Some of the questions that arise are the following: are these limitations reflected by our models? Under what circumstances does chance kick in? Is chance in physics merely epistemic? In other words, do we simply not know enough, or use too crude levels of description for our predictions? Or are certain events "truly", that is, irreducibly, random? The book tries to answer some of these questions by introducing intrinsic, embedded observers and provable unknowns; that is, observables and procedures which are certified (relative to the assumptions) to be unknowable or undoable. A (somewhat iconoclastic) review of quantum mechanics is presented which is inspired by quantum logic. Postulated quantum (un-)knowables are reviewed. More exotic unknowns originate in the assumption of classical continua, and in finite automata and generalized urn models, which mimic complementarity and yet maintain value definiteness. Traditional conceptions of free will, miracles and dualistic interfaces are based on gaps in an otherwise deterministic universe.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; Self-reflexive knowledge ; Physical chaos ; Physical random number generators ; Irreducible randomness ; Randomness in physics ; Physical indeterminism ; Acausality in physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    Propionic Acid Degradation by Syntrophic Bacteria During Anaerobic Biowaste Digestion (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Propionic acid is an important intermediate produced during anaerobic degradation of biowaste and a precursor of a large amount of methane. Its accumulation during biomethanation is however a common problem resulting in stagnation phases in biogas production. During this study, the deeper insight into the process of propionic acid degradation was intended by using modern analytical chemistry, standard microbiological approach and molecular biology for describing and explaining the problem.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; Syntrophy ; Interspecies distance ; Anaerob ; Biomüllvergärung ; Propionsäure ; Propionic acid ; Syntrophie ; Anaerobic digestion ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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  • 88
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    An Introduction to Beam Physics (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The field of beam physics touches many areas of physics, engineering, and the sciences. In general terms, beams describe ensembles of particles with initial conditions similar enough to be treated together as a group so that the motion is a weakly nonlinear perturbation of a chosen reference particle. Particle beams are used in a variety of areas,
    Keywords: matrix ; orbit ; particle ; phase ; reference ; rotational ; round ; space ; symmetry ; transfer ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHU Mathematical physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
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    Weather & Climate Services for the Energy Industry (2021)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Climate Change; Climate Forecasting; Energy Industry; Climate Risk Management; Meteorology
    Keywords: Climate Change ; Climate Forecasting ; Energy Industry ; Climate Risk Management ; Meteorology ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 90
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    Orbital Effects in Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This book reviews and investigates orbit-related effects in synthetic aperture Radar interferometry (InSAR). The translation of orbit inaccuracies to error signals in the interferometric phase is concisely described; estimation and correction approaches are discussed and evaluated with special focus on network adjustment of redundantly estimated baseline errors. Moreover, the effect of relative motion of the orbit reference frame is addressed.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; orbit errors ; orbit correction ; baseline errors ; InSAR ; reference frame ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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  • 91
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    Boundary-Layer Processes Producing Mesoscale Water-Vapour Variability over a Mountainous Island (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Over complex terrain, spatial inhomogeneities of pre-convective atmospheric conditions occur due to convection and mesoscale transport processes. This thesis focuses on the identification of these processes over the mountainous island of Corsica and on the evaluation of their impact on the spatial variability of water vapour, convection-related parameters and the evolution of deep convection by means of observations.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; Integrierter Wasserdampfgehalt ; Konvektion ; Korsika ; Atmosphärische Grenzschicht ; Integrated Water Vapour ; Atmospheric boundary layer ; Thermally driven circulation ; Thermische Zirkulation ; Corsica ; Convection ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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  • 92
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    Particle Accelerator Physics (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This book by Helmut Wiedemann is a well-established, classic text, providing an in-depth and comprehensive introduction to the field of high-energy particle acceleration and beam dynamics. The present 4th edition has been significantly revised, updated and expanded. The newly conceived Part I is an elementary introduction to the subject matter for undergraduate students. Part II gathers the basic tools in preparation of a more advanced treatment, summarizing the essentials of electrostatics and electrodynamics as well as of particle dynamics in electromagnetic fields. Part III is an extensive primer in beam dynamics, followed, in Part IV, by an introduction and description of the main beam parameters and including a new chapter on beam emittance and lattice design. Part V is devoted to the treatment of perturbations in beam dynamics. Part VI then discusses the details of charged particle acceleration.
    Keywords: Physics ; Physics ; Accelerator Science and Technology ; Beam dynamics ; Beam physics ; Charged particle beams ; Charged particles dynamics ; Free electron laser ; Introduction to Particle Accelerators ; Physics of Particle Accelerators ; Synchrotron radiation ; US Accelerator Physics School ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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    Gauge Theories in Particle Physics: A Practical Introduction, Volume 1 (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Volume 1 of this revised and updated edition provides an accessible and practical introduction to the first gauge theory included in the Standard Model of particle physics: quantum electrodynamics (QED).The book includes self-contained presentations of electromagnetism as a gauge theory as well as relativistic quantum mechanics. It provides a uniqu
    Keywords: Nuclear physics ; Physics ; Quantum physics (quantum mechanics and quantum field theory) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHQ Quantum physics (quantum mechanics and quantum field theory)
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  • 94
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    Characterization of High Temperature Superconductor Cables for Magnet Toroidal Field Coils of the DEMO Fusion Power Plant (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Nuclear fusion is a key technology to satisfy the basic demand for electric energy sustainably. The official EUROfusion schedule foresees a first industrial DEMOnstration Fusion Power Plant for 2050. In this work several high temperature superconductor sub-size cables are investigated for their applicability in large scale DEMO toroidal field coils. Main focus lies on the electromechanical stability under the influence of high Lorentz forces at peak magnetic fields of up to 12 T.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; Magnet toroidal field coil ; Nuclear fusion ; HochtemperatursupraleitungDEMO Reactor ; Kernfusion ; High temperature superconductors ; DEMO Reaktor ; Toroidalfeldspulen ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    Charged Particle Optics Theory (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Charged Particle Optics Theory: An Introduction identifies the most important concepts of charged particle optics theory, and derives each mathematically from the first principles of physics. Assuming an advanced undergraduate-level understanding of calculus, this book follows a logical progression, with each concept building upon the preceding one. Beginning with a non-mathematical survey of the optical nature of a charged particle beam, the text: Discusses both geometrical and wave optics, as well as the correspondence between them Describes the two-body scattering problem, which is essential to the interaction of a fast charged particle with matter Introduces electron emission as a practical consequence of quantum mechanics Addresses the Fourier transform and the linear second-order differential equation Includes problems to amplify and fill in the theoretical details, with solutions presented separately Charged Particle Optics Theory: An Introduction makes an ideal textbook as well as a convenient reference on the theoretical origins of the optics of charged particle beams. It is intended to prepare the reader to understand the large body of published research in this mature field, with the end result translated immediately to practical application.
    Keywords: Optics and optoelectronics ; ENG ; ElectricalEngineering ; PHYSICS ; SCI-TECH ; STM ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TH Energy technology & engineering::THR Electrical engineering ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TT Other technologies & applied sciences::TTB Applied optics::TTBL Laser technology & holography ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THR Electrical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TT Other technologies and applied sciences::TTB Applied optics::TTBL Laser technology and holography
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    Optimisation of hysteretic losses in high-temperature superconducting wires (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Hysteretic loss optimisations through numerical simulation and subsequent experimental confirmation in transport current and background field measurements: ferromagnetic shielding and topological geometry optimisation is used to reduce energy dissipation in HTS coated conductor geometries. Single tapes and coil geometries are investigated. A 3D model capable of taking into account contact resistances is also presented for the Twisted Stacked Tape Conductor cable.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; Ferromagnete ; shields ; Schilde ; Wechselstrom Verlustesuperconductor ; hysteretic losses ; ferromagnet ; Supraleiter ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    Wind Systems and Energy Balance in the Dead Sea Valley (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: A new measurement concept was developed to determine the amount, variability and governing factors of evaporation from the Dead Sea. Additionally, a suitable indirect method to calculate evaporation is presented. Results show that vapour pressure deficit and wind speed are governing evaporation and that the diurnal cycle is determined by three distinct diurnal wind systems. The occurrence frequency and intensity of the wind systems are determined by local differential cooling and heating.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; Measurements ; Messungen ; Verdunstung ; Energiebilanz ; periodische Windsysteme ; Energy Balance ; Periodic Wind Systems ; Evaporation ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    Degradation of whey in an anaerobic fixed bed (AnFB) reactor (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: An Anaerobic Fixed Bed (AnFB) reactor was run as an upflow anaerobic reactor with an arrangement of supporting material for growth of a biofilm. The supporting material was made from Liapor-clay-polyethylene sinter lamellas (Herding Co., Amberg).The AnFB reactor was used for treating high concentrations of whey-containing wastewater. Optimal operating conditions for whey treatment at a concentration of COD in the influent of around 50 g whey·l-1 were found for a hydraulic retention time (HRT) in the range of 4-8 days or an organic loading rate (OLR) less than 10 kg COD·m-3·d-1. This is a higher load than normally applied in praxis reactors.Accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) happened when the AnFB was supplied with surplus whey solution at a high OLR or when it was oxygenated. VFAs were accumulated faster when the HRT was changed from 12 days to 6 days compared to a change of HRT from 6 days to 4 days. However, at a HRT of 6 days, the accumulated VFAs were completely degraded after an adaptation period of about 5 days, whereas the accumulated VFAs at a HRT of 4 days remained constant upon time and could not be degraded during further incubation.The conversion process (acetogenesis and methanogenesis) of VFAs was influenced by the pH in the reactor. Acetate and n-Butyrate were converted faster at neutral or slightly alkaline pH, while propionate was degraded faster at slightly acidic pH-value. The population in the AnFB contained hydrogen-utilizing methanogenic bacteria, formate-utilizing methanogenic bacteria, methanol-utilizing methanogenic bacteria, acetoclastic methanogenic bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria as the final-stage organism of whey degradation. Acetogenic and methanogenic bacteria grew slower and were present at much lower numbers than acidogenic bacteria. This made the acid degradation rate less than the acid production rate. The minimal HRT in the whey reactor was thus dependent on acid degradation rates. Acetate-utilizing methanogens seemed to be unable to grow as single cells. They preferred to grow in a particulate or attached manner on a support material. The biofilm on the support materials provided a lower redox potential and an anaerobic environment that was obligately needed by these bacteria. The addition of a reducing agent was necessary to keep the few culturing acetoclastic methanogens in suspended cultures active.H2/CO2 was the best methanogenic substrate for the bacteria in the effluent suspension of whey reactor, followed by formate and methanol. The least degradable substrate in suspension cultures was acetate. The optimal H2 gas concentration for methanogens was provided at 2.25 bar.Ferric ions addition or the addition of a mix of minerals improved acetate degradation and methane production rates more than two-folds. The redox potential + reducing agent was low enough for methanogenesis. An AnFB-reactor would be a suitable means for stabilizing wastewater from dairy processing. Liapor-clay-polyethylene sinter lamellas in a regularly arrangement could be the substratum for biofilm formation. A minimum HRT of 4-6 days should be planned or a maximum OLR rate 10 kg COD·m-3·d-1 not exceeded.
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; acetogenesis ; whey ; anaerobic fixed bed reactor ; degradation ; methanogenesis ; AnFB reactor ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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  • 99
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    Performance of new GNSS satellite clocks (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: In Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), the on-board clocks are a key component from which timing and navigation signals are generated. This thesis reviews the performance of the first Passive Hydrogen Maser (PHM) launched by the Galileo system in 2008; and demonstrates how the new PHM can be consider as the best clock in space, pushing the physical clock error contribution below the noise floor of geodetic time transfer capabilities. Furthermore, overall GNSS clock peformance is reviewed
    Keywords: QC1-999 ; Atomic Clocks ; Time prediction ; clock performance ; Satellite Navigation ; GNSS ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
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    Introduction to Gauge Field Theory Revised Edition (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Introduction to Gauge Field Theory provides comprehensive coverage of modern relativistic quantum field theory, emphasizing the details of actual calculations rather than the phenomenology of the applications. Forming a foundation in the subject, the book assumes knowledge of relativistic quantum mechanics, but not of quantum field theory. The book
    Keywords: Nuclear physics ; Physics ; Quantum physics (quantum mechanics and quantum field theory) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHQ Quantum physics (quantum mechanics and quantum field theory)
    Language: English
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