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  • thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences  (35)
  • Firenze University Press  (22)
  • Firenze University Press, Genova University Press  (13)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • Elsevier
  • Marine Biological Laboratory Archives
  • Marine Biological Laboratory Archives (Woods Hole, Mass.)
  • English  (35)
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  • 1
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    Chapter The digitization of the private sector in the Italy. A non-aggregative method to monitor the NRRP agenda at macro-area level (2023)
    Firenze University Press, Genova University Press | ASA 2022 Data-Driven Decision Making
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Covid-19 emergency has produced within societies a strong impulse toward digitization policies, designed to mitigate the negative effects produced on national economies and to ensure a recovery of it. Among the objectives included by the Italian Government within the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP) there is a boosting of investments in the 4.0 Transition with measures involving not only a strengthening of the digital infrastructure but also a greater diffusion of digital literacy among the population. Therefore, starting from the intervention forecasts contained within Mission 1, paragraph 2 "Digitization, innovation and competitiveness in the production system," four elementary indicators were selected from the I.Stat database in compliance with the requirements of data available from both a spatial and temporal standpoint. As a matter of fact, the study aims to trace and compare the performance obtained by the main Italian macro-areas from the point of view of digitization of the production system, considering the years preceding and concomitant to the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the intrinsic complexity of the digitization phenomenon, the development of statistic measures to study it can be directed toward the construction of synthetic indices. Throughout the present study, a synthesis methodology has been adopted that takes advantage of a non-aggregative approach: the Partially ordered set (POSET). The study is divided into sections, in which the main opportunities related to the construction of an index that evaluates the performance of the policies presented in the RRP will be outlined, as well as the characteristics and implications attributable to the use of a non-aggregative approach such as the POSET in its declination for the temporal study of socio-economic phenomena, and lastly, a presentation will be made of the results obtained from the application of the index to the Italian context.
    Keywords: Digitalization ; Partially ordered set ; Synthetic index ; Industry 4.0 ; National Recovery and Resilience Plan ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Chapter An experimental annotation task to investigate annotators’ subjectivity in a Misogyny dataset (2023)
    Firenze University Press, Genova University Press | ASA 2022 Data-Driven Decision Making
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: In recent years, hatred directed against women has spread exponentially, especially in online social media. Although this alarming phenomenon has given rise to many studies both from the viewpoint of computational linguistics and from that of machine learning, less effort has been devoted to analysing whether models for the detection of misogyny are affected by bias. An emerging topic that challenges traditional approaches for the creation of corpora is the presence of social bias in natural language processing (NLP). Many NLP tasks are subjective, in the sense that a variety of valid beliefs exist about what the correct data labels should be; some tasks, for example misogyny detection, are highly subjective, as different people have very different views about what should or should not be labelled as misogynous. An increasing number of scholars have proposed strategies for assessing the subjectivity of annotators, in order to reduce bias both in computational resources and in NLP models. In this work, we present two corpora: a corpus of messages posted on Twitter after the liberation of Silvia Romano on the 9th of May, 2020 and corpus of comments constructed starting from posts on Facebook that contained misogyny, developed through an experimental annotation task, to explore annotators’ subjectivity. For a given comment, the annotation procedure consists in selecting one or more chunk from each text that is regarded as misogynistic and establishing whether a gender stereotype is present. Each comment is annotated by at least three annotators in order to better analyse their subjectivity. The annotation process was carried by trainees who are engaged in an internship program. We propose a qualitative-quantitative analysis of the resulting corpus, which may include non-harmonised annotations.
    Keywords: subjectivity ; misogyny ; disagreement ; social bias ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Chapter Peripheries (2023)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Peripheries are processes and places in which conditions and actors constantly shift. The contingent forms of peripheries in this book are assembled around embodied identities and are rooted in specific genealogies: peripheries as urban fringes, periphery countries in the modern world-system theory, and peripheral urbanization. Through these genealogies, the heterogeneous forms of peripheries acquire layered meanings that decenter urban theory. Since no form can exist outside historical relations of power, it is critical to apply methodological approaches that can address the political agency emerging from embodied identities.
    Keywords: peripheries ; urban inequality ; modern world-system ; peripheral urbanization ; urban fringes ; cityness ; worlding ; coloniality ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Chapter Trusted Smart Statistics: new statistics for decision makers. The Istat’s experience (2023)
    Firenze University Press, Genova University Press | ASA 2022 Data-Driven Decision Making
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The Trusted Smart statistics is an expression introduced by Eurostat to indicate the mature phase of the production of statistics based on Big Data and the transition from statistics based on traditional data sources to statistics created with new data sources. In this paper we will discuss: the impact of digital transformation in National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) and in their production of official statistics, how NSIs have adapted new research paradigms, how digital transformation has prompted National Statistical Institutes to adapt their production processes by exploiting new data sources, with the aim of improving statistical information also in terms of eg. of timeliness and granularity and strengthening their role in the ecosystem of scientific knowledge. This transformation process involves the entire organization in order to guarantee the same levels of relevance, quality and trust as traditional statistics. Istat, thanks to new data sources, increasingly performing technologies and specific skills, has positively seized the opportunities offered by the general context and has recently established a Trusted Smart Statistics Center (TSS Center) to have a governing body that systematically guides organizational adaptation at a technological, methodological, ethical, legal, communication and human resource level. The objective of the TSS Center is to capitalize the investments that Istat has made in European (e.g. ESSNet) and international (e.g. UNECE HLG-MOS) research projects, transferring the lessons learned and the know-how acquired in the statistics of new processes productive. At an organizational level, the TSS Center has the task of designing a sustainable organizational structure that helps and supports the individual company components to work in a systemic, coherent and synergistic way to create the new Trusted Smart Statistics production system.
    Keywords: new data sources ; Trusted smart statistics ; knowledge ecosystem ; official statistics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Chapter Assessing the predictive capability of Invalsi tests on high school final mark (2023)
    Firenze University Press, Genova University Press | ASA 2022 Data-Driven Decision Making
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Educational achievement can be considered a multifaceted issue, which comprises different domains of learning. In Italy, on one hand the INVALSI tests administered to students through the schooling years aim to measure the ability of students in numeracy, literacy and English reading and listening competencies, separately. On the other hand, the high school final mark may be considered an overall performance outcome, formed by the combination of several marks in different subjects. Finally, at university academic achievement may be represented by the number of credits earned during the first year of enrolment, usually considered a good predictor of successful academic performances. The aim of the present work is to understand if the INVALSI scores, the high school final mark and the number of credits earned in the first academic year are associated. More specifically, our objective is twofold: first, we intend to verify if and how the INVALSI scores are associated with students’ high school final mark; second, we aim to check if the INVALSI scores and / or the high school final mark are predictive of students’ career in terms of credits earned in the first year. We will interpret our results concentrating our attention on eventual differences depending on type of school, university, field of study, student’s geographical area of residence. We use the MOBYSU.it database, selecting nearly 200.000 students who obtained their high school diploma in Italy in 2019 and enrolled in an Italian university in academic year 2019/2020. For the first objective, we estimate a multilevel ordered logit models, with students nested within high schools; as for the second objective, we estimate a cross-classified multilevel models, with students nested within high schools and athenaeums. We interpret our results in the light of assessing eventual divergences in students’ performances during the transition from high school to university.
    Keywords: University students ; academic performance ; educational achievement ; multilevel models ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Chapter Digital.VET : An innovative approach for teaching and training (2023)
    Firenze University Press, Genova University Press | ASA 2022 Data-Driven Decision Making
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: VET (Vocational Education and Training) Reforms and Labour Market reforms have started a process aimed at filling the gap between demand and supply of competences. The demand of competences, in fact, is affected by factors requiring the constant adjustment of production and training processes as well as the greater connection between education/training system and enterprises. Digital training, included in National Programmes of ERASMUS+, is essential in order to ensure effective training practices for the current VET system which is undergoing organizational and methodological change. In this context, Digital Teaching in VET System is an innovative approach to support the objectives set out in national and European strategies for applying ICT to VET systems through teachers/trainers training. The use of Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality and Mixed Reality technologies is an important strategy to innovate teaching and improve attention of students during the training session. iDid, application for immersive teaching, represent the deliverable of the project that allows VET teachers and trainers to produce contents of lessons using the potentialities of AR/VR/MR streams, and to share contents in a community oriented approach to transfer know-how and also obtain important user feedbacks.
    Keywords: Vet system ; Vet trainer ; AR/VR/MR teaching ; ERASMUS+ ; Digital.VET ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Chapter Hidden music scenes: governmentality and contestation in postcolonial Hong Kong (2023)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Floor 26 of Ho King Commercial Centre in Yau Ma Tei, the elevator stops. At the end of the corridor, the sound of a heavy metal band, detuned screams buffered by the cracked plywood door of a tiny music studio. Outdated factory buildings in Kwun Tong, industrial architecture gradually surrounded by new commercial and residential complexes; their precarious wait for urban renewal has offered an opportunity for young musicians to establish music studios, classrooms, or improvised bedrooms where music and teenage discoveries mingle with the noise of machinery. A rusty anonymous intercom partially hidden by some plastic ivies. Past the door, a narrow metallic staircase, source of random encounters and only access point to a one-off experience; hundreds of people—local and foreigners—gathered in a tiny dark room, a miscellany of sweat, smoke, voices, and distant music. The hidden networks formed by musicians scattered in unexpected venues around Hong Kong provide a sonic collage that reformulates some of the city’s social peripheries from within. Through emergent sub-cultures, young artists deploy a wide range of tactics to counter the commodification and politicization of creativity, and the speculation over space in order to achieve new opportunities in a “bureaucratic society of controlled consumption.” In his work on everyday life, which focuses on the resistance of (extra)ordinary people to structures of power, Michel de Certeau makes reference to the idea of “silent discoverers of their own paths in the jungle of functionalist rationality.” The main actors of this essay, despite feeding on and actively participating in Hong Kong’s consumerism dynamics by taking references from social media, e-commerce, or shopping malls, produce “wandering lines”—or wandering sounds—with their own (syn)tactics through their artistic practices. Notably, in Hong Kong’s reductionist bureaucratic system, with a strong predominance of statistics and evaluation focused on “classifying, calculating and putting into tables,” these artistic rituals and reinterpretations of the city’s culture often remain overlooked or hidden to the system.
    Keywords: cultural studies ; underground music ; post-colonialism ; governmentality ; production of space ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Chapter Remote working in Italy: Just a pandemic accident or a lesson for the future? (2023)
    Firenze University Press, Genova University Press | ASA 2022 Data-Driven Decision Making
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: During the Covid-19 pandemic, remote working (RW) has been a way to producing despite limiting contacts. In Italy, about a half of the workers experienced, at least for a part of their working time, RW during the years 2020 and 2021. In this paper we analyse the data collected through a web-based survey conducted in the second half of 2021 at a convenience sample of Italian adults. The survey was aimed at highlighting how Italians experienced the pandemic and how they perceived their future. Also, we measured the frequency and the intensity of the RW phenomenon, the feelings of those who practiced and the opinion of workers about the possibility to practice it in the future. The data show that so many adults practiced RW during the pandemic. Their judgement of the experience is largely positive: 60.8% stated they were inclined to pursue it again as a normal work strategy. Though, there are distinctions. The type of job and the recent experience entail people’s commitment towards RW. Even what people expect from work may influence their disposition to take in RW as normal. The convolution of wells of the RW disposition, scouted through a multivariate statistical analysis, showed that, on top of the well-known suitability of RW to certain job types (white-collar, gig activities, self-employed), the workers’ propensity to RW is higher if commuting cost saving, own time optimisation and not-too-open schedules, work-family balance and a free time surplus, the possibility of interaction and socialisation with other company’s employees and customers and a secure web connection characterise their jobs.
    Keywords: Remote working ; Covid-19 pandemic ; Psychological disposition ; Work-family balance ; Employee socialisation ; Job schedule ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Chapter Moving from the margins: Palestinian mobilities, embodiment, and agency in East Jerusalem (2023)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: In Jerusalem, intra-urban boundaries are experienced and negotiated in deeply embodied ways, and primarily encountered, undermined, and reinforced through mobility. Palestinians’ movements are regularly restricted in areas at the geographical periphery of Jerusalem—especially those neighborhoods that have been severed from the rest of the city by the Israeli separation barrier. In expending significant energy to navigate the rules and spaces of the mobility regime, Palestinians must think of their movements from the perspective of Israeli power. This conceptual displacement of the self results in a sense of alienation, both from the spaces they cannot access and from their own capacities. Many feel stuck in both space and time and cannot envision a future for themselves in their city. Conversely, movement in spite of restrictions can also expand residents’ appreciation of their own capacity. Leisure mobilities in particular bear a radical potential because they involve the enjoyment of movement through space, rather than being merely a means to an end. As Palestinians in the city assert their claim through embodied movement, they re-appropriate hostile space with light-hearted playfulness. Mobility thus emerges as a useful vehicle for examining not only how Palestinians’ agency is constrained by the broader urban context but how their movements affect urban space: as they redraw the boundaries of spatial exclusion from the bottom up, they call into question who and what is considered peripheral to the city. The chapter traces the restriction of everyday movements, as well as the way marginalized residents navigate and defend contested urban terrain, using a phenomenological lens. By engaging Merleau-Ponty’s view of the relationship between the body-subject and the world, it argues that everyday movements shape the spatial and temporal horizon. The restriction of movement limits what is conceivable, but at the same time, the mobility of marginal urban residents in spite of those restrictions expands the sense of what is deemed possible.
    Keywords: immobility ; mobility ; phenomenology ; Jerusalem ; borders ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Chapter Exploring Globalization with Cosmopolitics (2023)
    Firenze University Press, Genova University Press | ASA 2022 Data-Driven Decision Making
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Cosmopolitics, an open-source dashboard designed by an Istat team to perform exploratory data analysis using Eurostat statistical open data on international trade, offers several tools for investigating globalization phenomena such as the dynamics of global value chains (GVC). The advantage of this widely spread economic organization is well known: companies obtain economic advantages by direct foreign investments or by production outsourcing, i.e. relocating some production phases to countries where high specialization or an advantageous labor market create greater opportunities. However, by its very nature, the GVC is highly sensitive to shock transmissions and supply chain disruptions associated with geopolitical events or epidemiological crises. The dashboard will be released as Istat experimental statistical product and available online. Through a Social Network Graph Analysis approach, it will offer students, researchers and policy makers the opportunity to explore the dynamics of global trade for specific products traded by different modes of transport. The tool allows users not only retracing recent critical phases affecting global trade, but also interactively simulating bilateral trade flows interruptions or closures of specific logistic poles or transport routes. This gives the opportunity to outline possible scenarios in which the GVC trade relationships reshape under shock transmissions, such as conflicts, changes in bilateral relationships between countries, logistics or transport new arrangements, reallocation of foreign investments, etc. By computing standard Social Network indicators (such as graph density, indegree, outdegree, and closeness centrality), the tool provides many quantitative measures associated with the specific global trade structures displayed. This paper will illustrate the methodology implemented in the dashboard and will provide examples on how to explore GVC scenarios by Cosmopolitics.
    Keywords: Global Value Chain ; Social Network Analysis ; Trade Statistics ; Open-source dashboard ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    Chapter Haitians live for news (2023)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: In Brooklyn, radio programs conducted by and for Haitian immigrants have been historically vital tools for those seeking information to survive both under an ideologically restrictive dictatorship and as newcomers in an unfamiliar country. These radio stations and their blend of news and culture programming served as sonic reminders of community, connecting them not just to current events in the United States, but also to news from their country of origin. Through interviews with staff members at three different kinds of radio stations—college-owned, subcarrier, and pirate—this essay explores the role of Haitian radio in community-building, activism, and citizenship for Haitians who arrived in the U.S. in the 1980s. These programs, which existed on the periphery of a competitive media market, embodied a virtual community for Haitians that superseded nation-state boundaries.
    Keywords: radio ; Haiti ; culture ; ethnic enclaves ; autoproduction of culture ; immigration ; transnationalism ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    Chapter Central occupations: stills from a city in movement (2023)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This visual essay dwells on the particular struggle for the historical city center of São Paulo enacted by contemporary urban occupation movements. The series of photographs, taken during multiple periods of ethnographic fieldwork (2014–2019), seeks to shed light on the notorious bodily encounter between thousands of homeless families engaged in urban movements on the one hand, and the vacated architecture of the city on the other hand. The aim is to interrogate how occupations are particular momentary spaces where the city is brought into motion by urban movements, prefiguring more just and sustainable ways of re-inhabiting, remaking, and rethinking the city.
    Keywords: urban activism ; squatting ; social movements ; insurgent urbanism ; temporary architecture ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: English
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  • 13
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    Chapter Short-term forecasts on time series for tourism in Lombardy (2023)
    Firenze University Press, Genova University Press | ASA 2022 Data-Driven Decision Making
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Data from official sources on nights spent in an accommodation for tourists in Lombardy are available until 2021. These data on touristic flows for 2020 and 2021 registered a clear downfall because of restrictions related to Covid-19. The aim of this paper is to verify the presence of a full or partial recover of tourists in provinces of Lombardy using short-term predictions for 2022. A time-series procedure has been applied to obtain a forecast estimate for 2022 using an ARMA model with the addition of an exogenous variable. The hypothesis at the basis of the model is that a punctual estimate of the touristic flows could be obtained using an auxiliary variable explaining the number of employees in the food services and hospitality industry. This auxiliary variable is represented as the difference between the number of starting work contracts and the contract terminations. These data are available thanks to the Informative system of mandatory communications provided by the Italian Minister of Labour. The availability of this information is daily guaranteed at level of single municipality but for the purpose of this paper, data have been aggregated at province level. The short-term predictions obtained for 2022 have been used to verify the presence of a recovery respect to the pandemic emergency of Covid-19 using a double growth rate. A first growth rate has been computed comparing the number of estimated tourists respect to the 2021 measuring the existence of a rebound after the restrictions. A second growth rate measured the estimates for 2021 respect to the presences of 2019 to monitor the trends in Lombardy compared to the before Covid-19 period. Preliminary results showed an evident upswing respect to 2021 and a partial recovery respect to 2019 for the majority of Lombard provinces.
    Keywords: Time series ; Forecasts ; Tourism ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    Chapter Of the spaces between: prepositional events throughout the Festival de Marseille (2023)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This chapter considers the Festival de Marseille-danse et arts multiple 2017 as a successful apparatus of transition from positions of non-place to place in one of Europe’s most diverse cities. Through its temporary installation, the festival crossed spatial, aesthetic, and thematic divisions of the center and periphery, constructing bridges of movement between these invisible borders. In doing so, this chapter troubles the traditional affirmation that the value of performance is most prominently interpreted during its enactment. Instead, it leverages the spatial turn of French theory to emphasize that the festival's significance extends to the process of coming-to-stage, and highlights participant interactions with the city as facilitated by the festival’s infrastructure. In re-framing the boundaries of the festival’s intended performance scene from the aestheticized proscenium to the larger social context of Marseille, a voyeuristic and objectifying gaze is removed from the staged bodies and redirected to a new embodied praxis of inclusion and exclusion, rehearsed for, and by, the performer whose ephemeral offering is too often pushed to the periphery or essentialized at the center but never allowed full placement. To move away from accentuating the fixed nouns and verbs of place in a recapitulation of the actors and how they danced, this chapter instead looks toward the mechanisms that scaffolded the relationship between the two—the grammar of the event—which both exceeded and preceded its actual content. What emerges is an attention toward prepositional events, the mechanics of societies that facilitate and articulate such relations.
    Keywords: festival ; citizenship ; performance ; space ; France ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: English
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  • 15
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    Chapter Narrative Approach in the Portfolio Method for Adult Education. Guidance for the Recognition of Competences in the Perspective of Lifelong Learning (2023)
    Firenze University Press | Re-thinking Adult Education Research. Beyond the Pandemic
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The present paper is a contribution to the broad field of adult education within a lifelong learning perspective. It starts from literature and theories in this field, and develops a reflection based on empirical work, related in particular to the use of qualitative methodologies in the guidance process for adults engaged in the recognition of strategic competences acquired in non formal and informal learning contexts of civil service. The lifelong learning perspective places the valorisation of experience, reflective and transformative learning at the center to remove barriers that hinder adult participation. The outcome of this experimentation was the tutoring procedure to support reflexive and self-analysis activities for the construction of the competences portfolio.
    Keywords: Biographical Methods ; Guidance ; Lifelong Learning ; Recognition of Competences ; Third Sector ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: English
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  • 16
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    Chapter Monitoring and evaluation of gender equality policies (2023)
    Firenze University Press, Genova University Press | ASA 2022 Data-Driven Decision Making
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The 2030 Agenda has been adopted to achieve a better and sustainable future for all. The process of approaching its 17 Sustainable Development Goals is monitored through a global system of 240 statistical indicators approved in March 2016 by the United Nations Statistical Commission. Sustainable Development Goal 5 seeks to achieve gender equality and empowerment all women and girls: it is broken down into 9 targets. According to these targets, indicators are being established for monitoring and evaluating progress on SDG in order to ensure high transparency and accountability within the 2030 Agenda. A gender equality plan will typically address several issues at once, leading to a complex set of measures. Nonetheless, effective monitoring and evaluation instruments are often lacking, which undermines the transformative potential of the planned measures. If objectives are not indexed on relevant progress, success or outreach indicators, it is difficult to assess whether the organisation is actually being transformed. Monitoring and evaluation are critical for building a strong, global evidence base around gender equality and for assessing the wide, diverse range of interventions being implemented to address it. Policy makers need support now if they are to use SDG evaluation as an opportunity to improve policies and programmes closer to home, applying tailored approaches. This paper deals with monitoring and evaluation of Goal 5 in Italy. In the context of the SDGs, evaluation relates to determining the merit, worth, significance and sustainability of strategies, policies and programmes that contribute to the achievement of the SDGs at national and territorial level. After analyzing the indicators available for the monitoring of the Goal 5, the benefits and limits that still exist for a full representation of gender equality will be explained.
    Keywords: Sustainable Development Goal ; gender equality ; composite indicator ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: English
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  • 17
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    Chapter Makeup and marquinha: aesthetics of the bodily surface in Rio de Janeiro (2023)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: This chapter focuses on two aesthetic practices on the urban periphery of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. First, I discuss applications of bright, deliberately eye-catching makeup in the context of professional makeup salons, among amateur enthusiasts, and in relation to women’s empowerment classes at a community center in a small favela located in Rio’s downtown. Second, I describe a tanning practice known as marquinha (little mark), in which strips of tape are applied to the body and used to create precise tan lines. Taking as a starting point the assertion that aesthetics and political dynamics are inextricably entwined, I draw comparisons between these aesthetic practices and their relation to questions of sexuality and desire, power and self-empowerment, and to questions of race. In Rio de Janeiro, as elsewhere, aesthetics are particularly important to the politics of inequality that define the urban landscape. And while aesthetics may often express ideas and indeed “say something” about their practitioners, they are hardly just passive reflections of society. This chapter focuses instead on the pragmatic power of makeup and marquinha to “causar” (to cause) and make real material impacts on viewers. In describing these practices as pragmatic, I call attention to aesthetics as a relational practice that mediates between the self and other, and invites new social possibilities. As such, makeup and marquinha are understood as co-constitutive of the contexts within which they are found, shaping not only relations between individuals and things, but also, one’s understanding of the self.
    Keywords: aesthetics ; semiotics ; Brazil ; the body ; pragmatics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: English
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  • 18
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    Chapter Curriculum InstitutionALE – Professionalization of Adult Education Institutions (2023)
    Firenze University Press | Re-thinking Adult Education Research. Beyond the Pandemic
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Curriculum InstitutionALE is an orientation framework for strengthening Institutions of Adult Learning and Education. It provides basic guidelines for managing capacity and organisational development and suggests indicators and means of verification for organisational change and capacity development. It offers the basics for defining goals and criteria for capacity and organisational development, for collecting reliable baseline data, for designing and implementing processes of capacity and organisational development, and for assessing progress. Addressing leaders of Institutions of Adult Learning and Education and external advisors, it can be adjusted to fit various contexts and institutions across the world.
    Keywords: Adult Education Institutions ; Capacity Development ; Organisational Development ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: English
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  • 19
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    Chapter Spatial planning prospects on changeability process of urban and natural (Land)scape relations - The dynamics of Ancona on the West and Rijeka on the East Adriatic Coast (2023)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The urban and natural landscape relations are temporal, spatial, and perceptive phenomena complemented by providing functions and holistic principles that arise from the spatial planning approach. The research aims to investigate how spatial planning guides the changeability process of landscape relations in the Adriatic cities of Ancona and Rijeka settled between two strong natural elements of the sea and the mountains. The research interconnects the Heritage Urbanism approach and the Urbanscape Emanation concept in establishing identity factors, evaluation criteria, and enhancement models.
    Keywords: Landscape relations character ; Settings criteria ; Spatial planning prospects ; Heritage Urbanism ; Urbanscape Emanation ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: English
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    Chapter Durumi Camp, Abuja: conflict and the spatial praxes of a furtive-periphery (2023)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The current situation of conflict in Northern Nigeria in the past decade has been responsible for more displacement than in the region’s previous recorded history. According to the Global Terrorism Index, Nigeria is the most terrorised country in Africa and the third most terrorised on the planet. The UNHCR and IDMC estimate over 3.2 million people displaced in the region with 2.58 millions of them scattered internally. The consistency of these conflicts has given rise to a perpetual process of internal displacement and rare forms of peripherality. IDP/Refugee camps are most often treated as periphery—appendices to the script of the city. As peripheries, IDP camps and informal settlements in various cities in the north are constantly faced with a pressing need to develop resilience for just surviving. There are currently no significant research attempts to study these resilience characters. The research focuses on the socio-spatial praxes of Durumi (Area 1) camp towards resilience. Durumi Camp is a rather surreptitious periphery sandwiched in a middle-class area in the city of Abuja in Nigeria. Using a mixed approach of ethnography, digital spatial analyses, and architecture, the new lives of the campers are studied in their simple but sophisticated adaptations to the dynamics of their new social and physical environment. The findings of the spatial study engage and further raise new questions and notions of the periphery in terms of socio-spatial compatibility, movement, re-enactment and re-invention of socio-spatial practices and cultures in African urbanity. The study also displaces the current theories of the periphery that describe it as fully dependent on the city center in terms of innovation. The study is a product of three years of ethnographic field work and spatial study in the area. It helps expand the discourse of the center and periphery in the context of conflict, displacement, and vulnerability.
    Keywords: Abuja ; African peripheries ; internally displaced people (IDP) ; refugees ; innovation ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: English
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    Chapter Femminielli and the city: urban space and non-binary gender identities in Naples (2023)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: This essay examines the interrelation between (peripheral) gender identity and (peripheral) urban space. The analysis focuses on the femminiello, a quintessentially Neapolitan non-binary subjectivity embodying a fluid sexual identity, performatively crossing across masculine and feminine, deeply connected to the territory where it originates—Naples’ inner city and its low-income historic neighborhoods. Accordingly, the essay looks at the material and immaterial interrelations between urban space and the femminiello identity. Methodologically, the study is built on a qualitative approach based mainly on fieldwork interviews with three of the most prominent femminielli of the Neapolitan context: CiroCiretta, a recognized exponent of the femminielli community and among the founders of a cultural association devoted to spreading and preserving the ancient femminiello culture; Tarantina Taran, an iconic local figure dubbed as “Naples’ last femminiello” in the city’s Spanish Quarters; and Loredana, activist and secretary of Naples’ Transsexual Association. The voices and stories of these three femminielli led us to read this non-binary gender identity in its relation to urban space, from different and complementary perspectives, which ultimately helped us trace a map of changing meaning and emerging forms of adaptation over time.
    Keywords: Naples ; femminielli ; queer space ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: English
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    Chapter The joint estimation of accuracy and speed: An application to the INVALSI data (2023)
    Firenze University Press, Genova University Press | ASA 2022 Data-Driven Decision Making
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: In Italy, the National Institute for the Evaluation of the Education and Training System (INVALSI) every year administers standardized tests via computer-based testing (CBT) to students attending grades 8, 10, and 13. The CBT mode allows to collect data not only on the students’ response accuracy (RA) based on item responses, but also on their response times (RT). By using these data, it is now possible to estimate the speed ability of examinees, besides the usual ability (e.g. Italian language, mathematics or English ability). In this study, we use the 2018 mathematics data for grade 10 to estimate the ability and speed of students following the fully Bayesian approach of Fox et al. (2021), who implemented in the R package LNIRT the models of van der Linden (2007) and Klein Entik et al. (2009). In a second step, we use the estimated mathematics ability and speed in a bivariate multilevel model, where the first-level units are represented by students and the second-level units are represented by classes. Covariates such as gender, school type, immigrant status, economic, social, and cultural status, prior achievement, grade retention, student anxiety, class compositional variables, and geographical area are included in the model. The main results show that the ability and speed are inversely proportional, e.g. as ability increases, speed decreases. Also, differences in the students performance by gender and school type are significant for both ability and speed.
    Keywords: educational assessment ; large standardized test ; mathematics achievement ; IRT models for response times ; multilevel models ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: English
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    Chapter The International Adult Education Academy and Its Contribution to Professionalisation in Adult Education (2023)
    Firenze University Press | Re-thinking Adult Education Research. Beyond the Pandemic
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Planning and designing lifelong teaching-learning processes requires well-educated professionals in adult and continuing education. Against the background of changing social structures, they must be able to act confidently in interdisciplinary, cooperative and unpredictable interaction situations. This requires the development of professionalism in adult education with respect to the following perspectives: 1) interdependencies within the multi-level system of adult education, 2) inference between academic knowledge and adult educational practice, and 3) mediation processes between different social logics of action. Using the example of the International Adult Education Academy, we present and discuss ways of referencing the three perspectives of professionalism in the academic professionalisation of adult education.
    Keywords: Adult Education ; Adult Education Academy ; Professionalisation ; Professionalism Development ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: English
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    Chapter Fikirtepe in limbo: urban transformation, cross-border migration, and re-peripheralization in Istanbul (2023)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The historical development of Istanbul’s gecekondu areas (informally-originated neighborhoods) can be broadly interpreted as a progression toward the center and subsequent re-peripheralization, both in sociopolitical terms and in actual urban geography. While Istanbul emerged in recent decades as a magnet for transnational migrants and for capitals pouring into the debt-fueled real estate sector, many such neighborhoods have been targeted by speculative socio-spatial restructuring projects, while also absorbing much of the migratory influx. The recent economic crisis plunged these urban redevelopment sites into a deadlock, generating a fragmented urbanscape in which multiple layers of uncertainty, suspension, and informalization overlap and interact. This chapter explores the unfolding transformation in Fikirtepe, the largest ongoing redevelopment project in the city, which has seen its social and urban fabric torn apart by the redevelopment and is currently stuck in an unstable but protracted limbo. As Fikirtepe becomes “unlivable” for many of its long-time dwellers, a number of migrants are moving in, etching out a living: a collateral effect of redevelopment failure, creating a space of opportunity for new disenfranchised populations with varied backgrounds, legal statuses, and life trajectories. Within this setting, this chapter analyzes the periphery as a condition that is articulated, reproduced, and transformed through embodied practices. With their practices, narratives, and trajectories, those who inhabit such botched urban transformation embody different layers of the periphery, contributing to shape an understanding of it as a perspectival condition with a polyvalent spatiality and temporality.
    Keywords: post-gecekondu ; urban transformation ; re-peripheralization ; neoliberal crisis ; urban geopolitics ; transnational migration ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: English
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    Chapter Balancing Between Smart and Inclusive: Learning Cities for Sustainable Urban Communities (2023)
    Firenze University Press | Re-thinking Adult Education Research. Beyond the Pandemic
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Since 2012, Global Learning Cities has become a successful network-based movement of UNESCO which demonstrates not only linkages, but also dependencies amongst community development, adult learning and active citizenship (UNESCO 2017). Examples of Cork, Espoo, Belgrade and South Korea have highlighted (Németh 2020), that communities are unable to develop successful models of learning cities unless they combine smart, creative and sustainability dimensions through community-based adult and lifelong learning for social cohesion, economic stability, growth and environmental awareness. Equitable ways of community learning can better reach underrepresented groups of adults who want to develop and sustain their neighbourhoods through collecting and sharing knowledge (Ó Tuama 2020). Other examples from India, Palestine and the UK demonstrate that it is not the label itself, but the smart and creative urban adult learning which can be combined with needs of communities (Németh et al. 2020). In the evolution of learning cities, we have arrived to an Era of uncertainties, therefore, we have to demonstrate that the learning cities depend on better participation, performance and partnerships in learning, surrounded by collective actions for better futures of education.
    Keywords: Adult Learning ; Community Local Engagement ; Equity ; Global Networking and Partnership ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: English
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    Chapter Gurgaon: Unfinished City, a photographic essay (2023)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: As Gurgaon expands horizontally and vertically, it continues to transition from farms to urban villages to a concrete maze. This photographic project documents the growth of Gurgaon a city recently developed near India's capital, Delhi. It is a booming financial and industrial center, home to most Multinational Corporations (MNCs) and has third highest per-capita income in India. As its advocates often like to point out, Delhi’s booming neighbor has 1,100 high-rises, at least 30 malls and thousands of small and big industries. On the other hand, as its detractors unfailingly like to note, the dust bowl’s population has grown two and a half fold, it has 12-hour power blackouts, and its groundwater would probably not last beyond this decade. Gurgaon's transformation began sometime around 1996, with the advent of Genpact, then a business unit of General Electric. Other multinational companies followed it slowly thereafter. It helped that the city was a few kilometers away from Delhi. Two decades on, Gurgaon is already "on its deathbed." From 0.8 million in 2001, the city is expected to reach a population of 6.9 million in 2031. It is speckled with glass buildings with curtain walls, and swish apartment blocks with Greco-Roman influences, but there is little water or power for them. These numbers alone don’t capture the lived reality of Gurgaon, though. The skyline that its older residents were accustomed to has completely disappeared. And yet on the periphery, one sees the "Unfinished City" growing. The landscapes and flora shouting; their sentiments brutalized by evictions and concrete. Slaughtered farms now seem witness to monstrosity with desolate faces and fading memories. Set in 2014 the project explores the ephemerality of Gurgaon’s glamor and defective town planning. Families had been displaced, laborers’ children were growing up on heaps of cement, and farmlands had turned into things of memories.
    Keywords: development ; liberalization ; land-acquisition ; India ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: English
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    Chapter California City (real estate) and California City (wonderland) (2023)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This photographic art project examines contemporary embodied activity and urban development in California City, California outside of Los Angeles. The photographs critique the notion of development and the kinds of embodied livelihood it supports according to the cultural imagination of wonder and real estate.
    Keywords: development ; post-development ; urban planning ; California ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: English
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    Chapter Ethics in Educational Reserch (2023)
    Firenze University Press | Re-thinking Adult Education Research. Beyond the Pandemic
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The ethical dimension of research in adult education is deeply connected to the real, substantial quality of research. The ethical dimension of adult education research, mostly neglected, is analysed from an epistemological perspective. We assume that ethical conduct of educational research is more complex than adhering to a set of rules and procedures as it has to deal with the meaning and purpose of adult education research, the distribution of pedagogical powers and the control over them to put individual and collective answers in practice.
    Keywords: Ethics in Adult Educational Research ; Research Ethic Committees ; Research Quality Discourse ; Substantial Quality ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: English
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    Chapter Rethinking Learning Practices in the Covid-Era: Indications for Teachers and Educators (2023)
    Firenze University Press | Re-thinking Adult Education Research. Beyond the Pandemic
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The pandemic produced changes in the organisation of the socioeconomic tissue. The educational system, in particular, underwent a forced reconsideration of classrooms’ space and time. To preserve inclusivity and wellbeing and to compensate for the lack of body-cognitive experiences, our research team worked with the educational systems before and during the pandemic, providing educators with effective indexes concerning didactic practices. What emerged from our studies is the necessity to help students and teachers to cope with isolation, boredom, and bullying. The following document aims to report the multidisciplinary approaches developed by the international team from the University of Naples Parthenope (Italy) and the University of Derby (United Kingdom).
    Keywords: Anti-social Behaviours ; Civic Education ; Digital-Ecosystems ; Education ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: English
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    Chapter Official statistics for measuring the sustainability of tourism: the UNWTO initiative (2023)
    Firenze University Press, Genova University Press | ASA 2022 Data-Driven Decision Making
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The ongoing digital transformation is facilitating the production, sharing, use and exploitation of an ever increasing amount of data. This phenomenon is stimulating the demand for data-driven decision-making. Regarding tourism, we are moving towards the production of data reflecting a sustainability perspective. The UN World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), in partnership with the UN Statistics Division, launched in 2015 the Measuring the Sustainability of Tourism (MST) initiative aiming at developing an international Statistical Framework (SF-MST) for measuring the role of tourism in sustainable development, including economic, environmental and social dimensions. The ambition is to develop a standardized basis for the collection of relevant information at appropriate spatial scales and the integration of statistics on different domains. For this purpose, the perspective of official statistics, characterized by the highest quality possible inasmuch as they are produced in compliance with the UN Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics and the European Statistics Code of Practice, is followed. SF-MST follows an accounting-based approach and sustainability is envisaged to be evaluated by measuring a broad set of capitals (produced, natural, human and social capital) and the flows of related incomes and benefits. SF-MST builds upon existing internationally agreed statistical standards and guidance in relevant areas: this ensures the adoption of a common statistical language across countries. The linking of the Tourism Satellite Account and the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting, both aligned with the UN System of National Accounts, is a central feature of SF-MST. Despite a standard accounting system is not available for social capital, SF-MST enables the integration of the social dimension of tourism’s sustainability in its own multiple capitals-based approach. SF-MST, involving a wide range of agencies and stakeholders, plays a key role in providing an integrated information basis for derivation of indicators and development of data supporting more effective decision-making towards sustainable outcomes.
    Keywords: Sustainable tourism ; Sustainable development ; Social sustainability ; Official statistics ; Decision-making ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: English
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    Chapter Global urban humanity – the “embodiment” of embodying peripheries (2023)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: Human "embodiment" is a polysemous term that has rich multi-, inter-, and transdisciplinary dimensions from various histories of consciousness. As a paradigm for various methodologies, it emphasizes the lived experience and the immanence of the human condition, especially regarding sensory habitus, bodily ways of knowing, and the material-social dimension of humanity within a historically/geographically situated context; it validates all people as bearers of their own insight and knowledge, and emphasizes that experience itself serves as a phenomenological basis for understanding. Embodiment is thus not reducible to an abstract philosophical project, but rather holds possibilities for a practical and applied ethics. In the context of peripheries, embodiment can be understood as the commitment to marginalized communities and teaches us both the scientific and humanistic value of compassion.
    Keywords: embodiment ; praxis ; body memory ; intercultural phenomenology ; critical theory of the senses ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: English
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    Chapter Walling the peripheries: porous condominiums at Brazil’s urban margins (2023)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This chapter discusses a widespread but underexplored phenomenon in Brazilian cities: the growing presence of walls and other security infrastructures in low-income, peripheral neighborhoods. This practice can often take the form of bounded and internally regulated regimes of residential organization at a hyper-local scale, associated with the emic term condomínio (condominium). The authors propose the concept of “walling” to theorize the practices of socio-material assembly through which peripheral condominiums emerge, driven by the efforts of urban subjects to reconstruct a sense of well-being within environments experienced as precarious and insecure. While walling can significantly reshape socio-spatial relationships and everyday flows of bodies, the authors argue that broader social conditions and relationships in peripheries tend to promote forms of spatial and temporal porosity that weaken or even undermine these regimes of self-segregation. The chapter explores varying dynamics of peripheral condominiums through the presentation of contrasting case studies from three different Brazilian cities: a recently completed Minha Casa Minha Vida (My House My Life) public housing project in Porto Alegre; a partially walled and symbolically partitioned favela in Rio de Janeiro; and an occupied and subsequently formalized public housing project in São Paulo.
    Keywords: walling ; peripheries ; infrastructures ; condominiums ; Brazil ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: English
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    Chapter Learning in Cities to Create Sustainable Societies (2023)
    Firenze University Press | Re-thinking Adult Education Research. Beyond the Pandemic
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Cities play a leading role in addressing many of the global challenges of the 21st century. They are an important part of the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development, which assigns them multiple tasks. Cities should be committed to reducing the ecological footprint and to creating solutions that respond in a differentiated way to the challenges and opportunities in different areas of the world. The sustainable development strategies of cities have determined the definition of different urban models, focused on the need to offer citizens well-being and innovation. This contribution presents the model of learning cities (LC), cities that put learning and education at the heart of their strategies. The paper identifies some of the possible strategies to make cities more responsive to the learning needs arising from the recent pandemic crisis.
    Keywords: City ; COVID-19 ; Governance ; Learning ; Sustainability ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: English
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    Chapter Job loss and financial struggle among the older age groups in 2021: Lessons from the European Union (2023)
    Firenze University Press, Genova University Press | ASA 2022 Data-Driven Decision Making
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused detrimental economic effects worldwide. Adults around retirement age are especially vulnerable in this respect, being more likely to experience disturbances to their employment patterns: indeed, older adults are in general more affected by COVID-19 than the younger ones and less comfortable with working remotely, particularly as this often implies the possession of specific technological skills. Here, we examine the different impacts of the pandemic crisis on the various socio-demographic groups, particularly focusing on workers aged 50 and above who have experienced an involuntary job loss in the first year of the pandemic. We make use of the second Corona round of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), with data collected in all continental EU countries plus Switzerland and Israel during the summer of 2021. We analyse the extent to which the older European population kept being able to make ends meet, especially as a significant number of people in the sample experienced retirement or involuntary loss of employment, which translates into rising inequalities. Our results rely on subjective measures of economic well-being, measuring the respondents' self-perceived economic vulnerability. We show the ability to cover households' expenses to be associated with increasing age; however, also the likelihood of job loss results to be higher among the older individuals. Indeed, economic vulnerability is generally stronger among the individuals with poorer health and, thus, the oldest ones. We reveal the existence of a social component of poverty and highlight the need for economic support for ageing individuals in Europe, with some interesting differences across the EU countries.
    Keywords: SHARE Corona Survey ; COVID-19 pandemic ; Economic well-being ; Older adults ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: English
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    Chapter Profiling students’ satisfaction towards university courses with a latent class approach (2023)
    Firenze University Press, Genova University Press | ASA 2022 Data-Driven Decision Making
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Collecting and analysing students’ opinions towards the learning experiences lived during their enrolment in an academic program is widely recognised as a key strategy to evaluate tertiary education quality. Academic institutions require students to participate every year in specific surveys, aiming at gathering their viewpoint about the organisation of the single courses, and the feelings about the traits and the effectiveness of the teaching activity. In the Italian university system, the surveys about students’ satisfaction are realised in accordance with the guidelines of the National Agency for the Evaluation of Universities and Research Institutes. Here we propose the implementation of a latent class analytical strategy to profile the satisfaction of students at a course level, taking into account the interest about each course, and the perceptions about the course organisation and the instructor performance. Since the items listed in the survey are expressed as 4-point balanced scales, we used the so-called Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) to identify unobserved clusters of courses (i.e., latent profiles) based on the responses of students to the continuous indicators concerning the different aspect related to course satisfaction. Differently from clustering approaches based on distance functions, LPA is a probabilistic model, which means that it models the probability of case belonging to a profile. An application of the strategy to the first-year courses delivered at the University of Calabria (Italy) in the academic year 2020/2021, during the second and third waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy, is used to show the effectiveness of the approach.
    Keywords: latent class model ; students' satisfaction ; educational system evaluation ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Language: English
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