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  • English  (1,797)
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  • 2020-2024  (9)
  • 2015-2019  (1,797)
  • 2018  (1,797)
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  • 1
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    Uncertainty reduction of stress tensor inversion with data-driven catalogue selection (2018)
    In:  Geophysical Journal International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-02
    Description: The selection of earthquake focal mechanisms (FMs) for stress tensor inversion (STI) is commonly done on a spatial basis, that is, hypocentres. However, this selection approach may include data that are undesired, for example, by mixing events that are caused by different stress tensors when for the STI a single stress tensor is assumed. Due to the significant increase of FM data in the past decades, objective data-driven data selection is feasible, allowing more refined FM catalogues that avoid these issues and provide data weights for the STI routines. We present the application of angular classification with expectation-maximization (ACE) as a tool for data selection. ACE identifies clusters of FM without a priori information. The identified clusters can be used for the classification of the style-of-faulting and as weights of the FM data. We demonstrate that ACE effectively selects data that can be associated with a single stress tensor. Two application examples are given for weighted STI from South America. We use the resulting clusters and weights as a priori information for an STI for these regions and show that uncertainties of the stress tensor estimates are reduced significantly.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 2
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    Adaptation to Climate Change at Local Scale: A CFD Study in Porto Urban Area (2018)
    In:  Computational Fluid Dynamics - Basic Instruments and Applications in Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Green infrastructures play an essential role in urban planning, namely with their potential to reduce the impact from air pollution episodes together with extreme weather events. This chapter focuses on the assessment of green infrastructures’ benefits on current and future microclimate and air quality patterns in Porto’s urban area (Portugal). The effects of green infrastructures on flow dynamics are evaluated for the baseline scenarios by means of numerical and physical simulations, using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model VADIS and the wind tunnel of the University of Aveiro. The baseline morphological (BM) scenario focuses on the current morphological characteristics of Porto’s urban area, while a baseline green (BG) scenario comprises the replacement of built-up areas by green areas and parks. In addition, the benefits of green infrastructures on air quality are assessed for the baseline and under future climate scenarios. The air quality simulations focus on particulate matter, one of the most critical air pollutants with severe impacts on human health. For the BM scenario, the simulated concentrations are compared with hourly averaged PM10 concentrations measured during a weekday at the air quality station located within the study domain.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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  • 3
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    Distributed Responsibility in Risk Governance (2018)
    In:  Sustainable Risk Management | Strategies for Sustainability
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: The principles of responsibility and accountability have increasingly become a significant concept for the political capability to act independently and make decisions without superior authorization.
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Analysis of the distributions of hourly NO2 concentrations contributing to annual average NO2 concentrations across the European monitoring network between 2000 and 2014 (2018)
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is associated with negative human health effects, both for short-term peak concentrations and from long-term exposure to a wider range of NO2 concentrations. For the latter, the European Union has established an air quality limit value of 40 µg m−3 as an annual average. However, factors such as proximity and strength of local emissions, atmospheric chemistry and meteorological conditions means that there is substantial variation in the hourly NO2 concentrations contributing to an annual average concentration. The aim of this analysis was to quantify the nature of this variation at thousands of monitoring sites across Europe through the calculation of a standard set of chemical climatology statistics. Specifically, at each monitoring site that satisfied data capture criteria for inclusion in this analysis, annual NO2 concentrations, as well as the percentage contribution from each month, hour of the day, and hourly NO2 concentrations divided into 5 µg m−3 bins were calculated. Across Europe, 2010–2014 average annual NO2 concentrations (NO2AA) exceeded the annual NO2 limit value at 8 % of 〉 2500 monitoring sites. The application of this chemical climatology approach showed that sites with distinct monthly, hour of day, and hourly NO2 concentration bin contributions to NO2AA were not grouped in specific regions of Europe, and within relatively small geographic regions there were sites with similar NO2AA, but with differences in these contributions. Specifically, at sites with highest NO2AA, there were generally similar contributions from across the year, but there were also differences in the contribution of peak vs moderate hourly NO2 concentrations to NO2AA, and from different hours across the day. Trends between 2000 and 2014 for 259 sites indicate that, in general, the contribution to NO2AA from winter months has increased, as has the contribution from the rush-hour periods of the day, while the contribution from peak hourly NO2 concentrations has decreased. The variety of monthly, hour of day and hourly NO2 contribution bin contributions to NO2AA, across cities, countries and regions of Europe indicate that within relatively small geographic areas different interactions between emissions, atmospheric chemistry and meteorology produce variation in NO2AA and the conditions that produce it. Therefore, measures implemented to reduce NO2AA in one location may not be as effective in others. The development of strategies to reduce NO2AA for an area should consider i) the variation in monthly, hour of day and hourly NO2 concentration bin contributions to NO2AA within that area, and ii) how specific mitigation actions will affect variability in hourly NO2 concentrations.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 5
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    XXVI General Assembly 22 June - 2 July 2015, Prague, Czech Republic : comptes rendus (2018)
    Potsdam : GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
    Details Availability
    Call number: MR 24.95684
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 352 Seiten
    Language: English
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 6
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Status report 2013-2016 : research field earth and environment (2018)
    [Bremerhaven] : Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: ZSP-290-2013/2016
    In: Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprogramm / Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 2013-2016
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: In 2 Bänden , Illustrationen
    Language: English
    Location: AWI Reading room
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 7
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Status report 2013-2016 : research field earth and environment; Vol. 2 (2018)
    [Bremerhaven] : Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: ZSP-290-2013/2016-2
    In: Status report 2013-2016 / Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Vol. 2
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 86 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Language: English
    Note: Contents I. Selected scientific and coordinating staff Research Unit 1a: The polar atmosphere and cryosphere in a changing climate Boike, Julia Diekmann, Bernhard Eisen, Olaf Grosse, Guido Hellmer, Hartmut H. Herzschuh, Ulrike Humbert, Angelika Lantuit, Hugues Mollenhauer, Gesine Rex, Markus Wilhelms, Frank Research Unit lb: Climate interactions with polar seas, marine ecosystems Bridging research and society: products, tools and climate services and biogeochernical processes Boetius, Antje Bracher, Astrid Brey, Thomas Haas, Christian Kanzow, Torsten Klaas, Christine Meyer, Bettina Pörtner, Hans-Otto Richter, Claudio Rost, Björn Soltwedel, Thomas Strass, Volker H. Waite, Anya M. Research Unit 2: Fragile coasts and she!f seas Abele, Doris Boersma, Maarten Buschbaum, Christian Gerdts, Gunnar John, Uwe Kasten, Sabine Koch, Boris Wegner, K. Mathias Wiltshire, Karen Helen Research Unit 3: The Earth system from a polar perspective: data, modeling and synthesis Bijma, Jelle Jokat, Wilfried Jung, Thomas Knorr, Gregor Köhler, Peter Laepple, Thomas Lamy, Frank Lohmann, Gerrit Schlindwein, Vera Stein, Rüdiger Tiedemann, Ralf Wolf-Gladrow, Dieter Research Unit 4: Bridging research and society: products, tools and climate services Bergmann, Melanie Buck, Bela H. Frickenhaus, Stephan Grosfeld, Klaus Gutow, Lars Krause, Gesche Research Unit 5: Research infrastructure - performance categories LK I and LK II Nixdorf, Uwe II. Indicators and resources 1. Indicators and resources by Research Units 2. Indicators and resources by user facilities 3. Indicators and resources by program Program PACES II "Marine, Coastal and Polar Systems" 4. Indicators for the center Ill. Definition of indicators IV. List of abbreviations Imprint
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  • 8
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Status report 2013-2016 : research field earth and environment; Vol. 1 (2018)
    [Bremerhaven] : Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: ZSP-290-2013/2016-1
    In: Status report 2013-2016 / Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Vol. 1
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 182 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Language: English
    Note: Contents List of most commonly used abbreviations I. Helmholtz Association - Mission and Strategy II. Helmholtz Research Field Earth and Environment II.1 Overview II. 2 Programs Ill. Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre III.1 Organization Ill. 2 Strategic partnerships and cooperation Ill. 3 Research infrastructure Ill. 4 Career development, talent management and equal opportunity Ill. 5 Knowledge and technology transfer Ill. 6 Scientific awards and appointments Ill. 7 Membership of international Boards and Committees 2013-2016 (selection) IV. Research Units IV. 1a Research Unit 1a The polar atmosphere and cryosphere in a changing climate IV. 1a.1 Mission statement IV. 1a.2 Introduction IV. 1a.3 Scientific questions IV. 1a.4 Approach of the Research Unit IV. 1a.5 Structure of the Research Unit IV. 1a.6 Scientific outcomes IV. 1a.7 Leadership of and contributions to large national and international projects and programs IV. 1a.8 Career development and personnel turnover IV. 1a.9 Overview of Contribution to Grand Challenges IV. 1a.10 Outlook IV. 1a.11 Budget, personnel and publications IV. 1a.12 References IV. 1b Research Unit 1b Climate interactions with polar seas, marine ecosystems and biogeochemical processes IV. 1b.1 Mission statement IV. 1b.2 Introduction IV. 1b.3 Scientific questions IV. 1b.4 Approach of the Research Unit IV. 1b.5 Structure of the Research Unit IV. 1b.6 Scientific outcomes IV. 1b.7 Leadership of and contributions to large national and international projects and programs IV. 1b.8 Career development and personnel turnover IV. 1b.9 Overview of contribution to Grand Challenges IV. 1b.10 Outlook IV. 1b.11 Budget, personnel and publications IV. 1b.12 References IV.2 Research Unit 2 Fragile coasts and shelf seas IV. 2.1 Mission statement IV. 2.2 Introduction IV. 2.3 Scientific questions IV. 2.4 Approach of the Research Unit IV. 2.5 Structure of the Research Unit IV. 2.6 Scientific outcomes IV. 2.7 Leadership of and contributions to large national and international projects and programs IV. 2.8 Career development and personnel turnover IV. 2.9 Overview of contribution to Grand Challenges IV. 2.10 Outlook IV. 2.11 Budget, personnel and publications IV. 2.12 References IV. 3 Research Unit 3 The Earth system from a polar perspective: data, modeling and synthesis IV. 3.1 Mission statement IV. 3.2 Introduction IV. 3.3 Scientific questions IV. 3.4 Approach of the Research Unit IV. 3.5 Structure of the Research Unit IV. 3.6 Scientific outcomes IV. 3.7 Leadership and contributions to large national and international projects and programs IV. 3.8 Career development and personnel turnover IV. 3.9 Overview of contribution to Grand Challenges IV. 3.10 Outlook IV. 3.11 Budget, personnel and publications IV. 3.12 References IV. 4 Research Unit 4 Bridging research and society: products, tools and climate services IV. 4.1 Mission statement IV. 4.2 Introduction IV. 4.3 Scientific tasks and services IV. 4.4 Approach of the Research Unit IV. 4.5 Structure of the Research Unit IV. 4.6 Scientific outcomes IV. 4.7 Leadership of and contributions to large national and international projects and programs IV. 4.8 Career development and personnel turnover IV. 4.9 Outlook IV. 4.10 Budget, personnel and publications IV. 4.11 References IV.5 Research Unit 5 Research infrastructure - performance categories LK I and LK II IV. 5.1 Mission statement IV. 5.2 Overview IV. 5.3 Research Unit SA IV. 5.4 Research Unit 58 (LK II Infrastructure) V. Recommendations of the Helmholtz Senate V.1 Recommendations of the Helmholtz Senate V.2 Detailed recommendations of the Helmholtz Senate for each Research Unit (not covered above) Imprint
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  • 9
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    A Spark-Based Platform to Extract Phenological Information from Satellite Images (2018)
    In:  Proceedings
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-21
    Description: Phenology is the study of periodic plant and animal life cycle events and how these are influenced by seasonal and inter-annual variations in weather and climate, as well as in other environmental factors. Time series of remote sensing (RS) images can be used to characterize land surface phenology at continental to global scales. For this, the RS images are typically transformed into various vegetation indices (VI) such as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) or the enhanced vegetation index (EVI). These indices can then be used to extract various phenological metrics. In our previous work we used cloud computing to generate temperature-based phenological indices [1], [2], and to relate one phenological metric, namely the Start-of-Season (SOS), with those indices [3], [4]. Here we present an extension of our work where we use a Spark-based platform to efficiently extract phenological metrics from time series of NDVI and EVI. This platform allows obtaining and analyzing high spatial resolution metrics (in this case 1km) from 10-day composites. The platform uses the same architecture as in [3], i.e., it is organized into three layers: a storage layer, a processing layer, and JupyterHub services for user-interaction. It is designed to store the data in well-known file formats like GeoTiffs and Hierarchical Data Format (HDF). For the data analysis the user expresses the operations in Jupyter notebooks as Python, R, or Scala code (Fig. 1). Hence, with a browser and remote connection, the user can express a research question and/or collect insights from large data sets. All computations are pushed down to the computational platform, and results fetched back for data visualization. To extract the phenological metrics, we rely on TimeSat [5]. TimeSat is a software package that can be used to fit a function (e.g. double logistic) to time series of VIs. After that, it uses various approaches to extract vegetation seasonality metrics such as SOS. The programs numerical and graphical routines are coded in Matlab and Fortran. These routines are highly vectorized and efficient for use with large data sets. However, distributed processing is required to determine SOS at continental scales. Through an efficient partition of the data, and Spark’s scheduling policies, these single-core routines are scheduled for parallel execution over multiple machines. The study evaluates which VIs and fitting functions are most suitable for certain vegetation types by comparing the SOS metrics to volunteered phenological observations curated by the USA national phenological network [6]. Our preliminary results show there can be up to 20-30 days differences in the SOS depending on the fitting function, the VI and the approach used to extract the SOS metric. In the South, SOS is around mid-February or March whereas in mountainous regions and the North, the SOS can be as late as June-July. We are to further evaluate how our results compare to the ground volunteered observations. This work is then a first stepping stone towards being able to systematically analyze and map the impact of climate change on the seasonality of plants. Our tests show that the platform is scalable and can be extended to work with even higher resolution VIs, such as those that can be derived from Sentinel-2 images (10 m resolution). Because of this, our work opens the door to studies at continental to global scales, and to the use of high and very high spatial resolution data.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 10
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    It All Depends on the Dose (2018)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-30
    Description: This is the first volume to take a broad historical sweep of the close relation between medicines and poisons in the Western tradition, and their interconnectedness. They are like two ends of a spectrum, for the same natural material can be medicine or poison, depending on the dose, and poisons can be transformed into medicines, while medicines can turn out to be poisons. The book looks at important moments in the history of the relationship between poisons and medicines in European history, from Roman times, with the Greek physician Galen, through the Renaissance and the maverick physician Paracelsus, to the present, when poisons are actively being turned into beneficial medicines.
    Keywords: Medicines ; poisons ; History ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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