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  • GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences  (27)
  • Zenodo  (10)
  • Technische Universität Berlin  (2)
  • English  (39)
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  • 2020-2022  (39)
  • 1940-1944
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2020-04-09
    Description: AROSICS is a python package to perform automatic subpixel co-registration of two satellite image datasets based on an image matching approach working in the frequency domain, combined with a multistage workflow for effective detection of false-positives. It detects and corrects local as well as global misregistrations between two input images in the subpixel scale, that are often present in satellite imagery. The algorithm is robust against the typical difficulties of multi-sensoral / multi-temporal images. Clouds are automatically handled by the implemented outlier detection algorithms. The user may provide user-defined masks to exclude certain image areas from tie point creation. The image overlap area is automatically detected. AROSICS supports a wide range of input data formats and can be used from the command line (without any Python experience) or as a normal Python package.
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2020-04-09
    Description: The EnPT Python package is an automated pre-processing pipeline for the new EnMAP hyperspectral satellite data. It provides free and open-source features to transform EnMAP Level-1B data to Level-2A. The package has been developed at the German Research Centre for Geosciences Potsdam (GFZ) as an alternative to the processing chain of the EnMAP Ground Segment.
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2020-05-22
    Description: The precise knowledge of aircraft position, velocity, and acceleration is a mandatory prerequisite for airborne gravimetry. For the determination of these quantities the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) plays an important role. However, kinematic positioning over Antarctica is a challenging task which is different from positioning in low-latitude regions. The main reason is the sparse distribution of International GNSS Service (IGS) ground stations which is also difficult or impractical to be densified by setting up dedicated reference stations because of its hostile environment. Therefore, traditional double-differenced (DD) positioning using Global Positioning System (GPS) may be difficult to be applied. Precise Point Positioning (PPP) using a stand-alone receiver is recognized as a helpful tool for obtaining reliable and accurate trajectories of moving platforms based on precise orbit and clock products derived from a global reference network. Therefore, it is necessary to study the special characteristics of positioning over Antarctica and to exploit innovative and reliable approaches for precise position, velocity and acceleration determination. An extended precise positioning method called Precise Orbit Positioning (POP), which was originally developed in Salazar et al. (2009), is further developed towards application with multi-GNSS data. This approach takes advantage of a widely spaced network of ground stations to estimate satellite clock offsets and drifts and only relies on precise orbit information. It is illustrated that POP has the potential to achieve centimeter-level accuracy for the vertical component with sparse distributed reference stations. The aforesaid POP method is extended further to derive reliable and high accurate velocity and acceleration which are more important than position for airborne gravimetry. A GPS+GLONASS+Galileo+BDS four-system model is presented and proper weighting of different types of observations is investigated. The PPP solutions are also calculated with multi-GNSS observations for comparison. During static tests over Antarctica, it was found that POP derived velocity and acceleration tend to have much lower noise than the PPP solutions. Moreover, the addition of GLONASS, Galileo and BDS data can increase the accuracy of velocity and acceleration estimates by 32% and 43% with POP compared to a GPS-only solution when using data of 30-second sampling interval and the improvements are 28% and 31% with respect to the PPP solutions.
    Description: Die genaue Kenntnis der Flugzeugposition, -geschwindigkeit und -beschleunigung ist eine zwingende Voraussetzung für die gravimetrische Vermessung aus der Luft. Für die Bestimmung dieser Größen spielt das Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) eine wichtige Rolle. Die kinematische Positionierung über der Antarktis ist jedoch eine anspruchsvolle Aufgabe, die sich von der Positionierung in Regionen mit niedriger Breite unterscheidet. Der Hauptgrund ist die spärliche Verteilung der Bodenstationen des Internationalen GNSS-Dienstes (IGS), die zudem aufgrund der widrigen Bedingungen in der Antarktis nur sehr schwierig durch die Einrichtung spezieller Referenzstationen verdichtet werden kann. Daher ist es schwierig, die traditionelle Doppeldifferenzmessung (DD) mit dem Global Positioning System (GPS) anzuwenden. Die präzise Punktpositionierung (PPP) mit einem eigenständigen Empfänger ist als hilfreiche Methode zur Erzielung zuverlässiger und genauer Trajektorien von bewegten Plattformen auf der Grundlage von präzisen Orbit- und Uhrenprodukten aus einem globalen Referenznetzwerk anerkannt. Einerseits kann die Genauigkeit von Echtzeitprodukten die Anforderung an die Trajektoriengewinnung für die luftgestützte Gravimetrie noch nicht erfüllen, andererseits weisen die IGS-Endprodukte noch eine tagesgebundene Diskontinuität auf. Zudem wurden bei Produkten neuerer GNSS-Systeme regionale Verzerrungen nachgewiesen, die die ganzzahlige Mehrdeutigkeitsauflösung der PPP erheblich verschlechtern können. Daher ist es notwendig, die besonderen Eigenschaften der Positionierung über der Antarktis zu untersuchen und innovative und zuverlässige Ansätze zur präzisen Positions-, Geschwindigkeits- und Beschleunigungsbestimmung zu entwickeln. Eine erweiterte präzise Positionierungsmethode namens Precise Orbit Positioning (POP), die ursprünglich in Salazar et al. (2009) entwickelt wurde, wurde in Richtung der Anwendung mit Multi-GNSS-Daten weiterentwickelt. Dieser Ansatz nutzt ein weit verzweigtes Netz von Bodenstationen, um Versatz und Drift der Satellitenuhren zu schätzen und stützt sich nur auf präzise Orbitinformationen. Die vorgenannte POP-Methode wurde weiter ausgebaut, um zuverlässige und hochpräzise Geschwindigkeit und Beschleunigung abzuleiten, die für die luftgestützte Gravimetrie wichtiger sind als die Position. Ein GPS+GLONASS+Galileo+BeiDou Viersystemmodell wird vorgestellt und die richtige Gewichtung verschiedener Arten von Beobachtungen untersucht. Die PPP-Lösungen werden auch mit Multi-GNSS-Beobachtungen zum Vergleich berechnet. Bei statischen Tests über der Antarktis wurde festgestellt, dass die von POP abgeleitete Geschwindigkeit und Beschleunigung tendenziell viel weniger verrauscht sind als die PPP-Lösungen. Darüber hinaus kann die Hinzufügung von GLONASS-, Galileo- und BDS-Daten die Genauigkeit der Geschwindigkeits- und Beschleunigungsschätzungen um 32% bzw. 43% gegenüber einer reinen GPS-Lösung bei Verwendung von Daten mit einem Abtastintervall von 30 Sekunden erhöht werden. Die Verbesserungen liegen dann bei 28% bzw. 31% gegenüber den PPP-Lösungen.
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2020-09-20
    Description: This report compiles observations made within a time frame of two months on 24 representative thin-section samples representing the periods before and after 4- and 9-years of injection of CO2 into the reservoir. Given this short period of time until completion of this report, some observations and conclusions drawn have to be judged preliminary. Further analytical work and in-depth interpretation of the results are underway. Information provided for the period 0–4 years after CO2 injection include observations made by S. Bock in the framework of her not yet finished Ph.D. thesis.
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR - Data | GIPP Experiment and Data Archive
    Publication Date: 2021-02-09
    Description: The FOSA (FOgo Seismic Array) project has been carried out from October 2015 to December 2016 to investigate the seismicity of Fogo volcano after its eruption in 2014/2015. Fogo is the only volcano of the Cape Verde archipelago with reported historic eruptions. The eruptions occur frequently with an interval of about 20 years. However, the structure and extent of the related volcanic plumbing system are not well understood. The focus of the FOSA project was on the detection of ongoing magmatic activity and information about the plumbing system, using seismic array techniques. The array of the FOSA study was operated from October 2015 to December 2016, close to the village Achada Furna. From January 2016 we complemented the network with three additional broadband stations for an improved event detection and localization.
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  • 6
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    GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR - Data
    Publication Date: 2021-02-09
    Description: The KISS network was installed in the frame of the “Klyuchevskoy Investigation - Seismic Structure of an extraordinary volcanic system” project and recorded data between summer 2015 and summer 2016 in one of the world’s largest clusters of subduction volcanoes - the Klyuchevskoy volcanic group (KVG). It is located in eastern Russia at the northern end of the Kuril-Kamchatka subduction zone close to its intersection with the Aleutian arc and the north-western termination of Hawaii-Emperor seamount chain. Additional to the 4700m high Mount Klyuchevskoy the KVG contains 12 other volcanoes that have together erupted about 1 cubic meter rock per second averaged over the past 10,000 years. Among those Klyuchevskoy, Bezymianny and Tolbachik were the most active ones during the last decades with eruptions styles ranging from explosive to Hawaiian-type. The KISS experiment is designed to investigate the volcanic and seismic processes and its structural setting in the KVG. The network covers a circular region of about 80km diameter with some linear extensions. It includes data from 77 temporary seismic stations with broadband and short period sensors that were installed on concrete plates in about 60cm deep holes. Due to the local conditions the stations were battery powered and could not be serviced during the experiment. GPS reception of the digitizers was not continuous at all stations due to thick snow cover and vegetation. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code X9, and are embargoed until end of 2019.
    Language: English
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2021-03-27
    Description: This study reviews research data policies and author instructions of 31 journals from the Earth sciences and from biodiversity that are published by German learned societies or research institutions. The statements on data publishing of the journal´s data policies / author guidelines were matched to 14 pre-defined features of journal research data policies from Hrynaszkiewicz, I. et al. (2020) Developing a Research Data Policy Framework for All Journals and Publishers. Data Science Journal, 19: 5, pp. 1–15. https://doi.org/10.5334/dsj-2020-005.
    Language: English
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2021-04-03
    Description: Minor release to include IGRF13 coefficients, expands the type of allowed inputs into the subsol routine, fixes several bugs in edge cases, expands testing support to include Python 3.6-3.9, updates the documentation, and updates the continuous integration testing environments.
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  • 9
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    GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
    In:  WSM Technical Report
    Publication Date: 2021-04-10
    Description: In geosciences the discretization of complex 3D model volumes into finite elements can be a time-consuming task and often needs experience with a professional software. In particular, low angle outcropping or out-pinching geological units, i.e. geological layers that are represented in the model volume, pose serious challenges. Another example are changes in the geometry of a model, which can occur at one point of a project, when re-meshing is not an option anymore or would involve a significant amount of additional time to invest. In order to speed up and automate the process of discretization, Apple PY (Automatic Portioning Preventing Lengthy manual Element assignment for PYthon) separates the process of mesh-generation and unit assignment. It requires an existing mesh together with separate information on the depths of the interfaces between geological units (herein called horizons). These two pieces of information are combined and used to assign the individual elements to different units. The uniform mesh is created with a standard meshing software and has to be available as an Abaqus input file. The information on the horizons depths and lateral variations in the depths is provided in a text file. Apple PY compares the element location and depth with that of the horizons in order to assign each element to a corresponding geological unit below or above a certain horizon. The script files are provided for download at http://github.com/MorZieg/APPLE_PY. Table 0-1 gives an overview of the folder structure and input files with a short explanation.
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  • 10
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    GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR - Data
    Publication Date: 2021-05-05
    Description: This report describes the KTB Borehole Measurements Data of the German Continental Deep Drilling Program (Kontinentales Tiefbohrprogramm der Bundesrepublik Deutschland), operated by the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences. Extensive borehole measurements were performed during the active drilling phase of the KTB pilot and main hole (1989-1994). This report provides the full description of the logging data. Please read it thoroughly to avoid inappropriate or wrong use of the data. The terms borehole measurements, downhole logging, and logging are used synonymously here. The KTB logging data files contain the final processed versions of the geoscientific borehole logging data from logs in the two KTB boreholes: Boreholes Geographic Coordinates (WGS84) KTB-Oberpfalz VB (KTB Vorbohrung/Pilot Hole or KTB-VB) 49.8153 N, 12.118 E KTB-Oberpfalz HB (KTB Hauptbohrung/Main Hole or KTB-HB) 49.8152 N, 12.1205 E
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  • 11
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    GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
    In:  WSM Technical Report
    Publication Date: 2021-04-27
    Description: The 3D geomechanical-numerical modelling of the in-situ stress state aims at a continuous description of the stress state in a subsurface volume. It requires observed stress information within the model volume that are used as a reference. Once the modelled stress state is in agreement with the observed reference stress data the model is assumed to provide the continuous stress state in its entire volume. The modelled stress state is fitted to the reference stress data records by adaptation of the displacement boundary conditions. This process is herein referred to as calibration. Depending on the amount of available stress data records and the complexity of the model the manual calibration is a lengthy process of trial-and-error modelling and analysis until best-fit boundary conditions are found. The Fast Automatic Stress Tensor Calibration (FAST Calibration) is a Python function that facilitates and speeds up this calibration process. By using a linear regression it requires only three model scenarios with different boundary conditions. The stress states from the three model scenarios at the locations of the reference stress data records are extracted. The differences between the modelled and observed stress states are used for a linear regression that allows to compute the displacement boundary conditions required for the best-fit modelled stress state. If more than one reference stress state is provided, the influence of the individual observed stress data records on the best-fit boundary conditions can be weighted. The script files are provided for download at: http://github.com/MorZieg/PyFAST_Calibration
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  • 12
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    GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-07-20
    Description: The Earth’s upper atmosphere – a part of it, the ionosphere- is a dynamic partly ionized region with temporal and spatial variations under different phases of solar activity. The ionosphere being a dispersive medium causes signal strength fluctuation, propagation delay, signal attenuation, and signal degradation. These have constituted significant threats to both communication and navigation systems operating in microwave band which is due to the presence of high electron density and its irregularities. The key parameter of the ionosphere which is closely related to most of these delay effects on radio signals is the electron density and density gradients, in particular - its vertical integral, the Total Electron Content (TEC) which can be estimated from the Global Positioning System (GPS) data. The estimated TEC profiles, and TEC perturbation are studied to gain insights into the occurrence of irregular structures in the ionosphere and their distribution. One of the ionospheric irregularities located within the F region, and E region top side are Traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs). TIDs are propagating perturbations in the ionospheric electron density as a consequence of Atmospheric Gravity Waves (AGWs) passage. The AGWs originate in the troposphere or stratosphere, and exhibit neutral wind perturbations propagating to the F region heights (i.e. ionospheric heights), where the neutral wind perturbations interact with the plasma via collisions, carrying it along the magnetic field lines (i.e. ion-neutral collision). This entire process in the ionosphere is manifested as oscillations of the ionospheric electron density, resulting in a TID. However, TIDs vary in scale sizes ranging within a few hundred kilometers (km) to over one thousand km, and based on this, they are categorized as either medium-scale TIDs (MSTIDs) or large scale TIDs (LSTIDs). In this thesis, we focus only on MSTIDs as one of the major and frequent ionospheric irregularity phenomena which may degrade positioning systems and could cause a delay in GPS signal transmission between a satellite and the GPS receiver. Multiple studies of ionospheric irregularities with the main focus on MSTIDs over different regions and continents around the world have been carried out, but studies of MSTIDs over the African region have neither been carried out nor reported probably due to lack of GPS data set, and the question of what drives its occurrence in the region which is not yet documented. The objective of this thesis is to study and describe for the first time the occurrence of MSTIDs and its characteristics over the African region under quiet geomagnetic condition (Kp ≤ 3) during the years 2008 – 2016. In addition, this thesis presents novel results of the time series of MSTIDs percentage occurrence rate (POR) during daytime and nighttime, and seasonal occurrence. Ionneutral coupling processes like the connection between AGW and MSTIDs are also discussed in the study. Observational TEC data used in this thesis are obtained from ground-based GPS networks within the African region and nearby stations. Additionally, temperature data from COSMIC radio occultation and SABER satellite observations for some case studies were used to validate AGWs passage as a driving source of MSTIDs, especially during the daytime. Consequently, regional MSTIDs distribution maps have been generated to capture the latitudinal, seasonal, and local time extent of the MSTID occurrence. Investigation of regional ionospheric irregularities over Africa (IRIA) gives a novel result of a climatological view of MSTIDs over Northern and Southern hemispheres in the African region.
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  • 13
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    GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: This document describes the type of data collected in the REFLECT project, the standards used and how the data is curated. It also elaborates on the relations to IPR requirements and exploitation strategies. All data from the project shall be deposited in research data repositories according to the FAIR guiding principles for scientific data management and stewardship such that it is possible for third parties to access, mine, exploit, reproduce and disseminate — free of charge for any user.
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2021-10-15
    Description: SICOR is a sensor independent atmospheric correction of optical Earth Observation (EO) data from both multispectral and hyperspectral instruments. Currently, SICOR can be applied to Sentinel-2 and EnMAP data but the implementation of additional space- and airborne sensors is under development.
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  • 15
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    Zenodo
    Publication Date: 2021-09-02
    Description: CLI software for applying Fully Connected Neural Network (FNN) algorithm for LUCAS-2015
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2021-09-02
    Description: In this interim report, the studies on geothermal fluids carried out in Turkey, France and Iceland geothermal fields are explained.
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  • 17
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    GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-07-27
    Description: The ionosphere is a complex and highly variable physical system with the F-layer, which occupies at the highest altitude, contains the greatest concentration of free electrons. Under the extreme circumstance of the ionosphere such as in the periods of high solar activity or magnetic storms or simply in the equinoctial months each year, this layer is very often disturbed. During the disturbances, the small-scale irregularities develop and disperse microwave radio signals, and thus generate rapid fluctuations in the amplitude and phase of satellite signals. This phenomenon causes the ionosphere to be scintillated and is called ionospheric scintillation. The impacts of scintillation cannot be mitigated by the multi-frequency technique that is very effective when dealing with ionospheric delay. Consequently, ionospheric scintillation is one of the most significant threats for space geodetic techniques, especially for stations operating in the polar regions or areas near the equator. To study ionospheric scintillation, alternative methods have been proposed including the method of using high-rate receivers to directly output S4 index over Vietnam region and the method of using standard GNSS dual-frequency to calculate ROTI index on a global scale. Main results of this thesis are the temporal variations of total number electron (TEC) in Southeast Asia for eleven consecutive years and the appearance characteristics of scintillation over this area as well as globally during solar cycle 24 (SC24). For space geodesy, electromagnetic waves are most vulnerable in the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) as this region has many potential risks of errors for satellite signals. The research area (Southeast Asia) is also located entirely within the EIA. In this thesis, the temporal - latitudinal VTEC maps have been established to study the modifications of EIA’s structure. Thereby, the featured occurrence of EIA crests in Southeast Asia is revealed. Also, the global morphology of anomaly crests averaged over 11-year period shows the worldwide distribution of EIA crests during SC24. Throughout the thesis, the high consistency between the state of the ionosphere and the activity status of the Sun is evidenced by high correlations between VTEC and solar indices. In which, the radio flux index (F10.7 cm) is proved to be more agreeable to the VTEC development than the sunspot number (SSN). The behaviour of the ionosphere during intense magnetic storms is also investigated. The results show that the structure of EIA is often highly volatile during these severe ionospheric conditions.
    Description: Die Ionosphäre ist ein komplexes und hochvariables physikalisches System, wobei die am höchsten gelegene F-Schicht die höchste Konzentration an freien Elektronen enthält. Unter den extremen Bedingungen der Ionosphäre, wie beispielsweise in den Perioden hoher Sonnenaktivität oder magnetischer Stürme oder einfach in den Äquinoktialmonaten eines jeden Jahres, ist diese Schicht der Ionosphäre häufig gestört. Während der Störungen propagieren und zerstreuen die kleinräumigen Unregelmäßigkeiten Mikrowellen-Radiosignale und erzeugen so schnelle Schwankungen in der Amplitude und in der Phase der Satellitensignale. Dieses Phänomen führt zu einer Szintillation der Ionosphäre und wird oft als ionosphärische Szintillation bezeichnet. Im Prinzip können die Auswirkungen der Szintillation nicht durch die Mehrfrequenztechnik verringert werden, die bei der Behandlung der ionosphärischen Verzögerung sehr effektiv ist. Aus diesen Gründen ist die ionosphärische Szintillation eine der größten Herausforderungen für geodätische Weltraumtechniken, insbesondere für Messstationen, die in den Polarregionen oder in äquatornahen Gebieten einschließlich Südostasiens arbeiten. Zur Untersuchung der ionosphärischen Szintillation wurden alternative Methoden vorgeschlagen, darunter die Methode der Verwendung von Hochfrequenz-Empfängern zur direkten Ausgabe des S4-Index über der Region Vietnam und die Methode der Verwendung der standardmäßigen GNSS Zweifrequenzmessungen zur Berechnung des ROTI-Index zur Untersuchung ionosphärischer Unregelmäßigkeiten im globalen Maßstab. Die Hauptergebnisse der Arbeit beinhalten die zeitlichen Variationen des Gesamtelektroneninhalts (total electron content, TEC) in Südostasien für elf aufeinander folgende Jahre und die Erscheinungsmerkmale der Szintillation während des 24. Sonnenzyklus (SC24) sowohl über diesem Gebiet als auch auf globaler Ebene. Für die Weltraumgeodäsie sind elektromagnetische Wellen in der äquatorialen Anomalie der Ionosphäre (equatorial ionization anomaly, EIA) am anfälligsten, da diese Region viele potenzielle Fehlerrisiken für Satellitensignale aufweist, welche bei der Übertragung aus dem Weltraum die Ionosphäre durchqueren. Das Forschungsgebiet (Südostasien) befindet sich ebenfalls vollständig innerhalb der EIA. In dieser Arbeit wurden die zeit und breitenabhängigen Karten des VTEC erstellt, um die Veränderungen der Struktur der EIA zu untersuchen. Dabei wird das charakteristische Vorkommen von Kämmen der EIA-Anomalie in Südostasien offen gelegt. Außerdem zeigt die globale Morphologie der Anomalie-Kämme, gemittelt über einen Zeitraum von elf Jahren, die weltweite Verteilung der EIA-Kämme während des SC24. Der starke Zusammenhang zwischen dem Zustand der Ionosphäre und dem Aktivitätszustand der Sonne wird durch hohe Korrelationen zwischen dem VTEC und den Sonnenindizes einschließlich der Sonnenfleckenzahl (sunspot number, SSN) und dem Radioflussindex F10,7 cm belegt. Auch das Verhalten der Ionosphäre während intensiver magnetischer Stürme wird untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Struktur der EIA unter diesen extremen ionosphärischen Bedingungen häufig sehr volatil ist.
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  • 18
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    GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
    Publication Date: 2021-12-21
    Description: MAARE is an interdisciplinary research initiative to enhance our understanding of magma ascent, accumulation and reservoir evolution in intra-continental settings. Examples of core questions addressed by the MAARE research initiative comprise: · What are past and current conditions in transcrustal magmatic reservoirs at different depths? · How do magmatic fluids migrate through the crust and how do they trigger reservoir unrest? · What are the spatio-temporal controls on volcanism in low-flux systems? · What are realistic eruption scenarios and forecast uncertainties in low probability, high impact volcanic regions? · How can distributed volcanic fields be monitored in a comprehensive manner and how can small precursory signals reliably be interpreted? · What are pitfalls in communicating volcanic hazard research and risk? The aim of the lecture series is to develop a common understanding of the key questions, to develop new ideas and to initiate joint research projects.
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2020-12-14
    Description: The Lower Rhine Embayment in western Germany is one of the most important areas of earthquake recurrence north of the Alps, facing a moderate level of seismic hazard in the European context but a significant level of risk. This study deals with the impact of a scenario earthquake with a moment magnitude of 6.5 occurring along the Erft fault system south-west to the city of Cologne, the fourth largest German city with more than one million inhabitants and accommodating important industrial facilities. Since the city is located on thick layers of Quarternary sediments, the geological discontinuities at depth will have a significant influence on the duration and the amplification of ground-motion. Based on a new, harmonized and spatially highly resolved, model of the sedimentary cover, the sensitivity of spectral intensity measures to the site response analysis method is assessed employing random vibration theory approaches. Corresponding damage calculations are conducted in terms of European Macroseismic Scale (EMS-98) damage grades. Residential buildings and buildings with mixed residential and commercial occupancy are included in the corresponding calculations only, in line with most seismic risk assessment studies which have traditionally focused on residential typologies. Results from the damage calculations are presented in terms of number of buildings exposed to bands of EMS-98 intensity levels and probabilities of EMS-98 damage grades for residential buildings and buildings with mixed residential and commercial occupancy. Casualties in the city and the neighboring districts are estimated by means of the PAGER empirical method using population counts at the quartier (“Stadtviertel”) level in Cologne, the “Bezirk” level in Bonn and Aachen and at the municipality (“Gemeinde”) level for the surrounding areas, all of these comprised within the district (“Regierungsbezirk”) of Cologne.
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    Publication Date: 2020-11-18
    Description: CaTeNA – Climatic and Tectonic Natural Hazards in Central Asia – is an interdisciplinary, international project funded by the German Ministry of Education and Research to study natural hazards in Central Asia. Central Asia is one of the most tectonically active regions of the world and is influenced by both the west wind zone and monsoon. CaTeNA is examining the two most serious natural hazards arising from these conditions: Earthquakes and mass movements. The project goal is to better understand the underlying processes and triggering factors and to better estimate the resulting risks. For this purpose, CaTeNA localises tectonic faults and determines deformation rates and their changes. Focus is put on two of the most active fault systems, the Main Pamir Thrust and the Darvaz Fault crossing Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. We try to estimate recurrence intervals of large earthquakes and to understand their relationship to mass movements using paleo-seismology, geomorphology and remote sensing. The current deformation field is characterised and quantified using the methods of space geodesy and seismology. The results will be incorporated into the openly accessible Central Asian Tectonic Database developed within the project, making it accessible to the public, stakeholders and decision-makers. They form the basis for a more accurate estimation of the risk for earthquakes and landslides. Another important project goal is the development and implementation of a dynamic risk assessment for landslides, including high-resolution, model-based precipitation and snowmelt maps. This allows for an improved estimation of the effects of geological hazards on inhabited areas and traffic infrastructure. Direct and efficient risk communication is achieved through interactive visualisation based on a dynamic multilingual web GIS platform. This is an essential step on the path to an early-warning system that takes into account the most important triggering factors. This data repository provides pdf files and recorded videos of talks presented during the final online workshop of the project.
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  • 21
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    GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
    Publication Date: 2021-02-09
    Language: English
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  • 22
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    GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
    Publication Date: 2020-05-19
    Description: This document defines and prioritises the key objectives of dissemination of REFLECT and details the steps to be taken during the project’s lifetime in order to achieve maximum impact and reach relevant audiences. It also sets the framework to facilitate communication among Consortium members, and between the Consortium and stakeholders or the general public.
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  • 23
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    GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
    Publication Date: 2020-07-06
    Description: This document corresponds to Deliverable D6.2 of the ongoing Horizon 2020 project REFLECT and is part of the Work Package 6. The deliverable “Stakeholder matrix” aims to define the approach for engaging stakeholders and involving them into the project in the most efficient way in order to achieve quality final results and successful implementation of the project final product. The document defines the main groups of the potential stakeholders and provides general guidelines on how to categorise them, how to establish the first contact and how to engage them.
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  • 24
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    GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
    Publication Date: 2020-07-07
    Description: The basic website of the REFLECT project was launched at the end of March 2020, three months after the project’s start. The website was conceived to support the launch of the project, providing a project overview and information about the partners involved. The final version of the website delivered in June 2020 includes more detailed information about the project’s objectives, approach, dissemination material and links to the project’s social media channels. This document describes the website elements. These elements can (and will) evolve with time, to ensure the best possible interaction with users during the project lifetime.
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  • 25
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    GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR - Data
    Publication Date: 2020-07-09
    Description: In recent years, an extensive network of Remotely Operated Multi-Parameter Stations (ROMPS) has been installed in different countries and climatic zones. The stations were developed by GFZ for various applications and set up together with the corresponding partners in the particular regions. In this sense, the general station with its core functionality (querying and storing of sensor data, transmission of data to a central storage unit, providing sufficient energy for the station) is referred as ROMPS. Various sensor systems to account for different application requirements can be connected to these stations. The ROMPS can then be, e.g., a tide gauge station, a buoy or a hydrometeorological (HyMet) station. This document provides the description of the data records from the meteorological system of the ROMPS. In the years after the first development of the data format for the German-Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning System GITEWS (tide gauge stations and buoys), the system was also used for other projects like the Global Change Observatory GCO and Advanced Remote Sensing – Ground-truth Demo and Test Facilities ACROSS (hydrometeorological stations). This resulted in a further development or adaptation of the system, so that different versions of the original data format were created. The versions differ primarily in the data representation (binary or ASCII) and the number and storage of metadata. The meteorological parameters have remained the same since the type of sensor has not changed. All data from the sensor is requested by the meteod software program according to a pre-selected sampling rate and stored in files on the station's computer. These files will be transmitted to a central data storage using file-oriented TCP/IP services (scp, ncftp). The scope of this document is to describe the data format and content which is available at the remote ROMPS. The data format description section is divided into subsections to account for the different format versions of the tide gauges, buoys and HyMet stations. This document is also the basis for further handling of the data, e.g. processing of data within the central data storage or warning center.
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  • 26
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    GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR - Data
    Publication Date: 2020-07-09
    Description: An extensive network of Remotely Operated Multi-Parameter Stations (ROMPS) has been installed in the last years providing meteorological and hydrological data. Most of the stations are part of the Regional Research Network “Water in Central Asia” (CAWA) funded by the German Federal Foreign Office but additional funding was provided by GFZ through the “Global Change Observatory – Central Asia” (GCO) and the “Advanced Remote Sensing – Ground-truth Demo and Test Facilities” (ACROSS) projects of the Helmholtz Association. In spite of various projects, the technical setup of the stations is largely identical. There are minor differences in the selection of the sensors due to different applications. This means that all measurement parameters do not necessarily have to be available at each station. Usually, a standard set of meteorological sensors such as air temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, wind speed and direction, precipitation, solar radiation, soil moisture, and soil temperature are installed but this can be expanded to include other sensors like a snow measuring system or river discharge system. All data from the hydrometeorological system are sampled by a Campbell datalogger on each station according to a pre-selected sampling rate and written to files. The software requesting the data from the datalogger and writing them to files is called crd. The files are transmitted to a central data storage unit using file-oriented TCP/IP services (scp, ncftp) at GFZ and to the open access web-based Sensor Data Storage System (SDSS). The scope of this document is to describe the data format coming from the ROMPS. Additionally, this document is the basis for processing of data within the SDSS.
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  • 27
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    Zenodo
    Publication Date: 2020-12-17
    Description: MeshIt – a software for three dimensional volumetric meshing of complex faulted reservoirs MeshIt is a software for generating three dimensional high quality, boundary conforming Delaunay tetrahedral meshes for Finite Element (FE) or Finite Volume (FV) Thermo-Hydraulic-Mechanical-Chemical (THMC) dynamic simulations of complex faulted and fractured reservoir applications. The main goal of MeshIt is to provide an open source, time efficient, robust and “easy to handle” software tool to bridge the gap between geological and dynamic forward models of flow and transport processes in reservoir domains comprising fault zones, wells (open hole section) and induced and/or natural fractures. MeshIt comes with an integrated graphical user interface (GUI) that facilitates the user during the different stages of the meshing workflows. Beside third party C libraries, the complete code has been written in the object oriented C++ programming language. In order to provide cross-platform support (Windows, Mac OS X and Unix operating systems under 32 and 64 bit) the open source project Qt has been integrated in the supported library environment. The interactive 3D graphics Application Programming Interface (API) has been developed by relying on the OpenGL library. All graphical processing stages have been interfaced to the open-source, multiplatform visualization software Paraview, the latter being based on the Visualization ToolKit (VTK). MeshIt – a software for three dimensional volumetric meshing of complex faulted reservoirs MeshIt is a software for generating three dimensional high quality, boundary conforming Delaunay tetrahedral meshes for Finite Element (FE) or Finite Volume (FV) Thermo-Hydraulic-Mechanical-Chemical (THMC) dynamic simulations of complex faulted and fractured reservoir applications. The main goal of MeshIt is to provide an open source, time efficient, robust and “easy to handle” software tool to bridge the gap between geological and dynamic forward models of flow and transport processes in reservoir domains comprising fault zones, wells (open hole section) and induced and/or natural fractures. MeshIt comes with an integrated graphical user interface (GUI) that facilitates the user during the different stages of the meshing workflows. Beside third party C libraries, the complete code has been written in the object oriented C++ programming language. In order to provide cross-platform support (Windows, Mac OS X and Unix operating systems under 32 and 64 bit) the open source project Qt has been integrated in the supported library environment. The interactive 3D graphics Application Programming Interface (API) has been developed by relying on the OpenGL library. All graphical processing stages have been interfaced to the open-source, multiplatform visualization software Paraview, the latter being based on the Visualization ToolKit (VTK). Developers: Dr. Mauro Cacace – GFZ Potsdam, Section 4.5 Basin Modelling Dr. Guido Blöcher – GFZ Potsdam, Section 4.8 Geoenergy
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2020-03-16
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  • 29
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    GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
    Publication Date: 2020-05-19
    Description: This deliverable presents the logo and the style guide of the REFLECT project. It defines the visual identity of the project and establishes a standard visual style to ensure consistency and maximise outreach.
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  • 30
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    GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2020-06-30
    Description: The GEOFON program consists of a global seismic network (GE Network), a seismological data centre (GEOFON DC) and a global earthquake monitoring system (GEOFON EQinfo). These three pillars are part of the MESI research infrastructure of the Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences aiming at facilitating scientific research. GEOFON provides realtime seismic data, access to its own and third party data from the archive facilities as well as global and rapid earthquake information. The GEOFON Seismological Software can be considered a fourth cross-cutting module of the GEOFON Program. Data, services, products and software openly distributed by GEOFON are used by hundreds of scientists and data centres worldwide. Its earthquake information service is accessed directly by tens of thousands of visitors. The SeisComP software package is the flagship software provided to the community, which is geared for seismic observatory and data centre needs and used extensively to support our internal operations. As all other MESI (Modular Earth Science Infrastructure) modules GEOFON has the majority of users outside the GFZ as well as an external advisory committee that provides advice to the GFZ Executive Board and to the GEOFON team. This report describes the main activities carried out within the three GEOFON pillars and the software development group.
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2021-11-16
    Description: This document presents the developed code, porousMedia4Foam, an open-source hydrogeochemical package that can decipher fluid flow and chemical reactive processes occurring within multi- {scale, dimensional, phase, compositional} environments. This report gives details regarding the installation of porousMedia4Foam, running the first simulations and describing many application cases in single-phase and multiphase systems.
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  • 32
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    GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
    In:  WSM Technical Report
    Publication Date: 2021-04-10
    Description: For the visualization and analysis of the stress field from 3D thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) numerical model results two main technical steps are necessary. First, one has to derive from the six independent components of the 3D stress tensor scalar and vector values such as the orientation and magnitude of the maximum and minimum horizontal stress, stress ratios, or the differential stress. It is also of great interest to display e.g. the normal and shear stress with respect to an arbitrarily given surface. Second, an appropriate geometry should be given such as cross sections, profile e.g. for borehole pathways or surfaces on which the model results and further derived values are interpolated. This includes also the three field variables temperature, pore pressure and the displacement vector. To facilitate and automate these steps the Add-on GeoStress for the professional visualization software Tecplot 360 EX has been programmed. Besides the aforementioned values derived from the stress tensor the tool also allows to calculate the values of Coulomb Failure Stress (CFS), Slip and Dilation tendency (ST and DT) and Fracture Potential (FP). GeoStress also estimates kinematic variables such as horizontal slip, dip slip, rake vector of faults that are implemented as contact surfaces in the geomechanical-numerical model as well as the true vertical depth (TVD). Furthermore, the Add-on can import surface and polyline geometries and interpolates on these all available stress parameter. This technical report describes the visualization tool with examples using 3D geomechanical-numerical model results from the finite element software Abaqus v2019. It also presents a number of special features of Tecplot 360 EX in combination with GeoStress that allow a professional and efficient analysis. We also address now the usage GeoStress with PyTecplot which is a powerful tool to automize the analysis. The Add-on as well as the example and input files used in this manual is published by Stromeyer et al. (2020) and the table below gives an overview of the files with a short explanation as they appear in the manual.
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  • 33
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    GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
    In:  WSM Technical Report
    Publication Date: 2021-03-16
    Description: The 3D geomechanical-numerical modelling aims at a continuous description of the stress state in a subsurface volume. The model is fitted to the model-independent stress data records by adaptation of the displacement boundary conditions. This process is herein referred to as model calibration. Depending on the amount of available stress data records and the complexity of the model the calibration can be a lengthy process of trial-and-error to estimate the best-fit boundary conditions. The tool FAST Calibration (Fast Automatic Stress Tensor Calibration) is a Matlab script that facilitates and speeds up this calibration process. By using a linear regression it requires only three test model scenarios with different displacement boundary conditions to calibrate a geomechanical-numerical model on available stress data records. The differences between the modelled and observed stresses are used for the linear regression that allows to compute the displacement boundary conditions required for the best-fit estimation. The influence of observed stress data records on the best-fit displacement boundary conditions can be weighted. Furthermore, FAST Calibration provides a cross checking of the best-fit estimate against indirect stress information that cannot be used for the calibration process, such as the observation of borehole breakouts or drilling induced fractures. The script files are provided for download at http://github.com/MorZieg/FAST_Calibration. Tab. 0-1 gives an overview of the folder structure and input files with a short explanation.
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2021-04-23
    Description: Establishing genetic correlations between oils and between oils and their source rocks is especially difficult in basins with multiple source rocks where oil mixing has occurred. It is therefore of paramount importance to employ multiparameter approaches based on a combination of source-related molecular markers across different fractions of oils and source rock extracts in order to perform meaningful oil-oil and oil-source correlations rather than simply relying on classical correlation protocols based on biomarkers. Furthermore, the complexity of petroleum mixtures demands that compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) rather than bulk isotope analysis are implemented, as CSIA enables the identification of multiple organic matter sources in oils, condensates and source rock extracts by comparing the isotopic compositions of individual hydrocarbons of different chain length. The main objective of this dissertation has been to investigate the source, maturation, alteration and mixing of petroleum in two basin-specific case studies, (1) the Hammerfest Basin (HB), Norwegian Barents Sea and (2) the South Viking Graben (SVG), Norwegian North Sea. For this purpose, multiparameter approaches that combine the molecular composition of different petroleum components, such as light hydrocarbons, n-alkanes, sterane and triterpane biomarkers, resin-derived biomarkers, heterocyclic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in conjunction with compound-specific stable carbon and hydrogen isotope compositions of alkanes have been employed. The present research work also addresses the issue of how best to unravel and quantify the relative input of different source rocks contributing to mixed oils using δ13C values of individual petroleum hydrocarbons. Molecular and isotopic evidence revealed distinct petroleum mixing processes involving source, age and thermal maturity variations in reservoirs of the HB. The mixtures originated from hydrocarbons derived from Type-II and Type-III kerogen-rich source rocks, which displayed only small maturity variation within the main stage of oil generation or between the peak and late-oil generation stages. Nonetheless, mixtures of hydrocarbons generated from source rocks at multiple levels of maturity were identified in the Goliat field. δ13C values of n-alkanes (〉C15) were valuable for oil-source rock correlation and even quantification of the relative contribution from distinct source rocks. They enabled the differentiation of Triassic and Jurassic source contribution and also provided new insights into an additional Paleozoic-source input in the HB. Moreover, several petroleum alteration processes were recognized in Jurassic and Triassic reservoirs, including microbial degradation, water washing, evaporative fractionation, influx of gas-condensate charge and advance level of thermal maturation. In the SVG, heterocyclic and polycyclic aromatic compounds proved useful in the differentiation of mixed petroleum from Jurassic source rocks of distinct organic matter types, depositional environments and lithologies. According to the relative contribution of oils from Type-III kerogen rich source rocks, seven populations of mixed petroleum were identified by combining source-related ratios of heterocyclic and polycyclic hydrocarbons and δ13C values of n-alkanes, pristane (Pr) and phytane (Ph). The 13C-enrichments of (C10-C14) n-alkanes, and Pr and Ph were good indicators of the scale of the terrigenous source contribution and allowed the quantitative determination of the proportional contribution of hydrocarbons from Jurassic source rocks enriched in Type-II and Type-III kerogens to complex mixtures of petroleum. The estimated mixing proportions correlated linearly with concentration data, supporting the use of compound-specific stable carbon isotope composition for quantitative assignment of sources in mixed oils generated at moderate thermal maturity. Furthermore, hydrogen CSIA of n-alkanes proved to be a powerful tool to discriminate petroleum mixtures and provided an improved resolution to unravel complex petroleum mixtures from multiple Jurassic source rocks in the SVG. Multiparameter approaches that include the molecular composition of different petroleum fractions as well as δ13C and δD values of individual alkanes allowed to gain new insights into the source origins of petroleum mixtures and the assessment of diverse secondary alteration processes as well as a more complete and comprehensive understanding of the multiple petroleum systems in the HB and SVG.
    Description: Die Herstellung genetischer Korrelationen zwischen Ölen und zwischen Ölen und ihren Quellgesteinen wird in einem Becken mit mehreren Quellgesteinen aufgrund der Ölmischung im Reservoir schwieriger. Es ist daher von größter Bedeutung, Multiparameter-Ansätze zu verwenden, die auf einer Kombination von quell-bezogenen molekularen Markern in verschiedenen Fraktionen von Ölen und Quellgesteinsextrakten basieren, um aussagekräftige Öl zu Öl- und Öl zu Quellen-Korrelationen anstelle der auf Biomarkern basierenden klassischen Korrelationsstudien aufzuzeigen. Darüber hinaus erfordert das Auftreten komplexer Erdölmischungen die Durchführung einer verbindungsspezifischen Isotopenanalyse (CSIA) anstelle einer Massenisotopenanalyse, da CSIA die Identifizierung mehrerer Quellen organischer Stoffe in Ölen, Kondensaten und Quellgesteinsextrakten durch Vergleich der Isotopenzusammensetzungen von einzelnen Kohlenwasserstoffen unterschiedlicher Kettenlänge ermöglicht. Das Hauptziel dieser Dissertation ist es, die Herkunft, Reifung, Veränderung und Vermischung von Erdöl in zwei beckenbezogenen Fallstudien zu untersuchen: (1) das Hammerfest-Becken (HB) in der norwegischen Barentssee und (2) dem Süd-Viking-Graben (SVG) in der norwegischen Nordsee. Zu diesem Zweck werden Multiparameter-Ansätze verwendet, die die molekulare Zusammensetzung verschiedener Erdölkomponenten wie leichte Kohlenwasserstoffe, n-Alkane, Steran- und Triterpan-Biomarker, von Harz abgeleitete Biomarker, heterocyclische und polycyclische aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe in Verbindung mit verbindungsspezifischem stabilem Kohlenstoff und Wasserstoff Isotopenzusammensetzungen von Alkanen betrachten. Die vorliegende Forschungsarbeit befasst sich auch mit dem Problem der Entschlüsselung und Quantifizierung des relativen Beitrags verschiedener Quellgesteine zu den gemischten Ölen unter Verwendung von δ13C-Werten einzelner Erdölkohlenwasserstoffe. Molekulare und isotopische Hinweise ergaben unterschiedliche Erdölmischprozesse, bei denen Schwankungen der Quelle, des Alters und der thermischen Reife in den HB-Reservoirs auftreten. Gemische resultierten aus Kohlenwasserstoffen, die aus kerogenreichen Quellgesteinen vom Typ II und Typ III mit geringen Reifegradschwankungen innerhalb der Hauptstufe der Ölentstehung oder zwischen der Spitzen- und der späten Ölentstehungsstufe stammen. Dennoch wurden im Goliat-Feld Gemische von Kohlenwasserstoffen identifiziert, die aus Quellgesteinen mit unterschiedlichen Reifegraden entsprangen. δ13C-Werte von n-Alkanen (〉C15) waren für die Korrelation von Ölquellgesteinen und sogar für die Quantifizierung des relativen Beitrags von verschiedenen Quellgesteinen hilfreich. Sie ermöglichten die Unterscheidung des Beitrags von Trias- und Juraquellen und lieferten neue Einblicke in einen zusätzlichen Beitrag aus paläozoischen Quellen in der HB. Darüber hinaus wurden in jurassischen und triassischen Reservoirsverschiedene Erdölveränderungsprozesse erkannt, darunter mikrobieller Abbau, Wasserauswaschungen, Verdunstungsfraktionierung, Einströmen von Gaskondensatladungen und fortschreitende thermische Reifung. In dem SVG erwiesen sich heterocyclische und polycyclische aromatische Verbindungen als nützlich bei der Differenzierung von gemischtem Erdöl aus jurassischen Quellgesteinen mit unterschiedlichen Arten organischer Stoffe, Ablagerungsumgebungen und Lithologien. Entsprechend dem relativen Beitrag von Ölen aus kerogenreichen Quellgesteinen des Typs III wurden sieben Populationen von gemischtem Erdöl identifiziert, indem quellbezogene Verhältnisse von heterocyclischen und polycyclischen Kohlenwasserstoffen und δ13C-Werten von n-Alkanen, Pristan (Pr) und Phytan (Ph) kombiniert wurden. Die 13C-Anreicherungen von (C10-C14) n-Alkanen sowie Pr und Ph waren gute Indikatoren für das Ausmaß des Beitrags der terrigenen Quelle und ermöglichten die quantitative Bestimmung des proportionalen Beitrags von Kohlenwasserstoffen aus jurassischen Quellgesteinen, die mit Typ II und Typ III Kerogenen zu komplexen Erdölmischungen angereichert sind. Die geschätzten Mischungsverhältnisse korrelierten linear mit den Konzentrationsdaten, was die Verwendung einer verbindungsspezifischen stabilen Kohlenstoffisotopenzusammensetzung für die quantitative Zuordnung von Quellen in gemischten Ölen unterstützt, die bei mäßiger thermischer Reife erzeugt wurden. Darüber hinaus erwies sich die Wasserstoff-CSIA von n-Alkanen als leistungsstarkes Instrument zur Unterscheidung von Erdölmischungen und bot eine verbesserte Auflösung, um komplexe Erdölmischungen aus mehreren jurassischen Quellgesteinen im SVG zu entschlüsseln. Multiparameter-Ansätze, die molekulare Zusammensetzung verschiedener Erdölfraktionen sowie δ13C- und δD-Werte einzelner Alkane umfassen, ermöglichten neue Einblicke in die Herkunft von Erdölgemischen und die Bewertung verschiedener sekundärer Alterationsprozesse sowie ein vollständigeres und umfassenderes Verständnis der vielfältigen Erdölsysteme in der HB und SVG.
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2021-06-24
    Description: PyGMT is a library for processing geospatial and geophysical data and making publication quality maps and figures. It provides a Pythonic interface for the Generic Mapping Tools (GMT), a command-line program widely used in the Earth Sciences.
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
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  • 37
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    Zenodo
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: The GIPPtools software utilities aid with initial pre-processing of recorded data supporting users that borrow instruments from the Geophysical Instrument Pool Potsdam (GIPP). All programs in the GIPPtools collection are designed to work with native files produced by DSS-Cube/Data-Cube3 recorders and with miniSEED files written by EDR-209/210 and PR6-24 Portable Field Recorder. However, there is absolutely no reason why the utilities should not work with miniSEED or Cube files produced by other instruments or software as well! The programs can help you to "manage" your recorded data and to prepare the dataset for import into whatever processing system you use for further scientific analysis. You can use the utilities, among other things, to convert, re-organize and cut out (seismic) data from miniSEED and Cube data files.
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  • 38
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    GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
    In:  World Stress Map Technical Report
    Publication Date: 2021-04-10
    Description: For the visualization and analysis of the stress field from 3D thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) numerical model results two main technical steps are necessary. First, one has to derive from the six independent components of the 3D stress tensor scalar and vector values such as the orientation and magnitude of the maximum and minimum horizontal stress, stress ratios, or the differential stress. It is also of great interest to display e.g. the normal and shear stress with respect to an arbitrarily given surface. Second, an appropriate geometry should be given such as cross sections, profile e.g. for borehole pathways or surfaces on which the model results and further derived values are interpolated. This includes also the three field variables temperature, pore pressure and the displacement vector. To facilitate and automate these steps the Add-on GeoStress for the professional visualization software Tecplot 360 EX has been programmed. Besides the aforementioned values derived from the stress tensor the tool also allows to calculate the values of Coulomb Failure Stress (CFS), Slip and Dilation tendency (ST and DT) and Fracture Potential (FP). GeoStress also estimates kinematic variables such as horizontal slip, dip slip, rake vector of faults that are implemented as contact surfaces in the geomechanical-numerical model as well as the true vertical depth (TVD). Furthermore, the Add-on can import surface and polyline geometries and interpolates on these all available stress parameter. This technical report describes the visualization tool with examples using 3D geomechanical-numerical model results from the finite element software Abaqus v2019. It also presents a number of special features of Tecplot 360 EX in combination with GeoStress that allow a professional and efficient analysis. We also address now the usage GeoStress with PyTecplot which is a powerful tool to automize the analysis. The Add-on as well as the example and input files used in this manual is published by Stromeyer et al. (2020) and the table below gives an overview of the files with a short explanation as they appear in the manual.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
    Format: application/pdf
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: This deliverable summarises the methodology and results of the data collection for the European Fluid Atlas at a national level by the EFG’s linked third parties.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
    Format: application/pdf
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