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  • 1
    Schlagwort(e): Wessex ; England ; Großbritannien ; Becken (Geologie) ; Entstehung ; Entwicklung ; Erdölgeologie ; Erdöllagerstätte ; Erdgaslagerstätte ; Geologie ; Tektonik ; Petroleum ; Geology ; England ; Wessex Basin ; fossile Brennstoffe
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: John R. Underhill and Robert Stoneley: Introduction to the development, evolution and petroleum geology of the Wessex Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 133:1-18, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.133.01.01 --- Hydrocarbon Habitat --- James G. Buchanan: The exploration history and controls on hydrocarbon prospectivity in the Wessex basins, southern England, UK / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 133:19-37, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.133.01.02 --- P. W. Hawkes, A. J. Fraser, and C. C. G. Einchcomb: The tectono-stratigraphic development and exploration history of the Weald and Wessex basins, Southern England, UK / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 133:39-65, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.133.01.03 --- Malcolm Butler: The geological history of the southern Wessex Basin — a review of new information from oil exploration / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 133:67-86, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.133.01.04 --- Stratigraphic Syntheses --- Nigel R. Ainsworth, William Braham, F. John Gregory, Ben Johnson, and Christopher King: A proposed latest Triassic to earliest Cretaceous microfossil biozonation for the English Channel and its adjacent areas / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 133:87-102, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.133.01.05 --- Nigel R. Ainsworth, William Braham, F. John Gregory, Ben Johnson, and Christopher King: The lithostratigraphy of the latest Triassic to earliest Cretaceous of the English Channel and its adjacent areas / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 133:103-164, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.133.01.06 --- David C. Cole and Ian C. Harding: Use of palynofacies analysis to define Lower Jurassic (Sinemurian to Pliensbachian) genetic stratigraphic sequences in the Wessex Basin, England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 133:165-185, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.133.01.07 --- Regional Studies --- Adam Law: Regional uplift in the English Channel: quantification using sonic velocity / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 133:187-197, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.133.01.08 --- Richard J. Bray, Ian R. Duddy, and Paul F. Green: Multiple heating episodes in the Wessex Basin: implications for geological evolution and hydrocarbon generation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 133:199-213, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.133.01.09 --- Neil A. McMahon and Jonathan Turner: The documentation of a latest Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous uplift throughout southern England and adjacent offshore areas / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 133:215-240, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.133.01.10 --- Structural Studies --- Michael J. Harvey and Simon A. Stewart: Influence of salt on the structural evolution of the Channel Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 133:241-266, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.133.01.11 --- C. Smith and I. R. Hatton: Inversion tectonics in the Lyme Bay-West Dorset area of the Wessex Basin, UK / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 133:267-281, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.133.01.12 --- H. S. Beeley and M. G. Norton: The structural development of the Central English Channel High — constraints from section restoration / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 133:283-298, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.133.01.13 --- R. Hunsdale, D. J. Sanderson, and R. Hunsdale: Fault size distribution analysis — an example from Kimmeridge Bay, Dorset, UK / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 133:299-310, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.133.01.14 --- M. Miliorizos and A. Ruffell: Kinematics of the Watchet-Cothelstone-Hatch Fault System: implications for the fault history of the Wessex Basin and adjacent areas / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 133:311-330, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.133.01.15 --- Sedimentological Advances --- A. Ruffell: Tectonic accentuation of sequence boundaries: evidence from the Lower Cretaceous of southern England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 133:331-348, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.133.01.16 --- Stephen P. Hesselbo: Basal Wealden of Mupe Bay: a new model / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 133:349-353, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.133.01.17 --- R. Goldring, T. R. Astin, J. E. A. Marshall, S. Gabbott, and C. D. Jenkins: Towards an integrated study of the depositional environment of the Bencliff Grit (Upper Jurassic) of Dorset / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 133:355-372, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.133.01.18 --- Petroleum Geochemistry --- M. Ashley Bigge and Paul Farrimond: Biodegradation of seep oils in the Wessex Basin — a complication for correlation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 133:373-386, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.133.01.19 --- M. A. Parfitt and P. Farrimond: The Mupe Bay oil seep: a detailed organic geochemical study of a controversial outcrop / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 133:387-397, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.133.01.20 --- Oil Field Case Histories --- T. McKie, J. Aggett, and A. J. C. Hogg: Reservoir architecture of the upper Sherwood Sandstone, Wytch Farm field, southern England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 133:399-406, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.133.01.21 --- Jonathan Evans, David Jenkins, and Jon Gluyas: The Kimmeridge Bay oilfield: an enigma demystified / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 133:407-413, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.133.01.22
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VI, 420 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    ISBN: 1897799993
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Unbekannt
    London : The Geological Society
    Schlagwort(e): Erdöllagerstätte ; Geochemie ; Geochemical prospecting ; Geology ; Oil reservoir engineering ; Petroleo (geologia) ; Petroleum ; Prospeccao geoquimica em pesquisa mineral
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: William A. England and John M. Cubitt: Geochemistry of reservoirs, an introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 86:1-3, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.086.01.01 --- General Reviews and New Techniques --- S. R. Larter and A. C. Aplin: Reservoir geochemistry: methods, applications and opportunities / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 86:5-32, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.086.01.02 --- Knut Bjørlykke, Per Aagaard, Per K. Egeberg, and Scott P. Simmons: Geochemical constraints from formation water analyses from the North Sea and the Gulf Coast Basins on quartz, feldspar and illite precipitation in reservoir rocks / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 86:33-50, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.086.01.03 --- Leonid Anissimov: Geochemical criteria for reservoir characterization / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 86:51-58, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.086.01.04 --- P. C. Smalley, T. A. Dodd, I. L. Stockden, A. Råheim, and E. W. Mearns: Compositional heterogeneities in oilfield formation waters: identifying them, using them / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 86:59-69, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.086.01.05 --- R. P. Philp, A. N. Bishop, J.-C. Del Rio, and J. Allen: Characterization of high molecular weight hydrocarbons (〉C40) in oils and reservoir rocks / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 86:71-85, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.086.01.06 --- A. Wilhelms and S. R. Larter: Overview of the geochemistry of some tar mats from the North Sea and USA: implications for tar-mat origin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 86:87-101, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.086.01.07 --- Maowen Li, S. R. Larter, D. Stoddart, and M. Bjorøy: Fractionation of pyrrolic nitrogen compounds in petroleum during migration: derivation of migration-related geochemical parameters / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 86:103-123, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.086.01.09 --- Case Studies --- B. McNeil, H. F. Shaw, and A. H. Rankin: Diagenesis of the Rotliegend Sandstones in the V-Fields, southern North sea: a fluid inclusion study / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 86:125-139, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.086.01.10 --- Norman H. Oxtoby, Alan W. Mitchell, and Jon G. Gluyas: The filling and emptying of the Ula Oilfield: fluid inclusion constraints / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 86:141-157, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.086.01.11 --- I. Horstad, S. R. Larter, and N. Mills: Migration of hydrocarbons in the Tampen Spur area, Norwegian North Sea: a reservoir geochemical evaluation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 86:159-183, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.086.01.12 --- W. A. England, A. H. Muggeridge, P. J. Clifford, and Z. Tang: Modelling density-driven mixing rates in petroleum reservoirs on geological time-scales, with application to the detection of barriers in the Forties Field (UKCS) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 86:185-201, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.086.01.13 --- D. A. Karlsen, B. Nyland, B. Flood, S. E. Ohm, T. Brekke, S. Olsen, and K. Backer-Owe: Petroleum geochemistry of the Haltenbanken, Norwegian continental shelf / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 86:203-256, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.086.01.14 --- D. P. Stoddart, P. B. Hall, S. R. Larter, J. Brasher, Maowen Li, and M. Bjorøy: The reservoir geochemistry of the Eldfisk Field, Norwegian North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 86:257-279, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.086.01.15 --- P. C. Mason, R. Burwood, and B. Mycke: The reservoir geochemistry and petroleum charging histories of Palaeogene-reservoired fields in the Outer Witch Ground Graben / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 86:281-301, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.086.01.16 --- Andrew C. Aplin and Max L. Coleman: Sour gas and water chemistry of the Bridport Sands reservoir, Wytch Farm, UK / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 86:303-314, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.086.01.17
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (321 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    ISBN: 1897799268
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Unbekannt
    London : The Geological Society
    Schlagwort(e): Mathematisches Modell ; Sedimentationsbecken ; Basins (Geology) ; Computer simulation ; Geologia econômica ; Geological modeling ; Geology ; Mathematical models ; Methodology ; Petroleum ; Petroleum - Geology ; Petróleo (modelos matemáticos) ; Prospecting ; Prospecção
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: D. W. Waples: Basin modelling: how well have we done? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 141:1-14, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.141.01.01 --- M. R. Giles, S. L. Indrelid, and D. M. D. James: Compaction — the great unknown in basin modelling / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 141:15-43, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.141.01.02 --- A. Okui, R. M. Siebert, and H. Matsubayashi: Simulation of oil expulsion by 1-D and 2-D basin modelling — saturation threshold and relative permeabilities of source rocks / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 141:45-72, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.141.01.03 --- D. W. Waples and G. D. Couples: Some thoughts on porosity reduction — rock mechanics, overpressure and fluid flow / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 141:73-81, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.141.01.04 --- T. Tokunaga, S. Hosoya, H. Tosaka, K. Kojima, and S. Hosoya: An estimation of the intrinsic permeability of argillaceous rocks and the effects on long-term fluid migration / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 141:83-94, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.141.01.05 --- D. Darby, R. S. Haszeldine, and G. D. Couples: Central North Sea overpressures: insights into fluid flow from one- and two-dimensional basin modelling / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 141:95-107, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.141.01.06 --- T. Throndsen and M. Wangen: A comparison between 1-D, 2-D and 3-D basin simulations of compaction, water flow and temperature evolution / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 141:109-116, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.141.01.07 --- G. Archard, J. Stafford, K. Bardwell, M. Bagge, J. Stafford, and K. Bardwell: A review of techniques used to determine geological and thermal history in the Southern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 141:117-136, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.141.01.08 --- R. Schegg and W. Leu: Analysis of erosion events and palaeogeothermal gradients in the North Alpine Foreland Basin of Switzerland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 141:137-155, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.141.01.09 --- J. A. Hegre, J. L. Pittion, J. P. Herbin, and N. V. Lopatin: Geochemical modelling in an organic-rich source rock: the Bazhenov Formation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 141:157-167, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.141.01.10 --- W. A. Symington, K. E. Green, J. Huang, R. J. Pottorf, and L. L. Summa: A multidisciplinary approach to modelling secondary migration: a Central North Sea example / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 141:169-185, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.141.01.11 --- T. T. Y. Ho, R. P. Jensen, S. K. Sahai, R. H. Leadholm, and O. Senneseth: Comparative studies of pre- and post-drilling modelled thermal conductivity and maturity data with post-drilling results: implications for basin modelling and hydrocarbon exploration / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 141:187-208, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.141.01.12 --- R. O. Thomsen: Aspects of applied basin modelling: sensitivity analysis and scientific risk / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 141:209-221, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.141.01.13 --- K. Gallagher and D. W. Morrow: A novel approach for constraining heat flow histories in sedimentary basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 141:223-239, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.141.01.14
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VIII, 245 Seiten) , Diagramme, Karten
    ISBN: 1862390088
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Schlagwort(e): Südostasien ; Erdölgeologie ; Erdöl ; fossile Brennstoffe ; Geologie ; Kohlenwasserstofflagerstätte ; Geology ; Petroleum ; Southeast Asia
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: A. J. Fraser and S. J. Matthews: Petroleum geology of SE Asia: an introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:1-2, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.01 --- Chris Sladen: Energy trends in SE Asia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:3-10, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.02 --- Robert Hall: Cenozoic plate tectonic reconstructions of SE Asia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:11-23, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.03 --- S. P. Todd, M. E. Dunn, and A. J. G. Barwise: Characterizing petroleum charge systems in the tertiary of SE Asia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:25-47, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.04 --- Chris Sladen: Exploring the lake basins of east and southeast Asia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:49-76, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.05 --- Coen T. A. M. Leo: Exploration in the Gulf of Thailand in deltaic reservoirs, related to the Bongkot Field / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:77-87, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.06 --- S. J. Matthews, A. J. Fraser, S. Lowe, S. P. Todd, and F. J. Peel: Structure, stratigraphy and petroleum geology of the SE Nam Con Son Basin, offshore Vietnam / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:89-106, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.07 --- R. H. Worden, M. J. Mayall, and I. J. Evans: Predicting reservoir quality during exploration: lithic grains, porosity and permeability in Tertiary clastic rocks of the South China Sea basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:107-115, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.08 --- M. J. Mayall, A. Bent, and D. M. Roberts: Miocene carbonate buildups offshore Socialist Republic of Vietnam / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:117-120, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.09 --- A. Wight, H. Friestad, I. Anderson, P. Wicaksono, and C. H. Reminton: Exploration history of the offshore Southeast Sumatra PSC, Java Sea, Indonesia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:121-142, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.10 --- Craig Schiefelbein and Nick Cameron: Sumatra/Java oil families / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:143-146, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.11 --- J. M. Cole and S. Crittenden: Early Tertiary basin formation and the development of Lacustrine and quasi-lacustrine/marine source rocks on the Sunda Shelf of SE Asia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:147-183, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.12 --- Alastair Beach, J. Lawson Brown, Paul J. Brockbank, Steven D. Knott, Jean E. McCallum, and Alastair I. Welbon: Fault seal analysis of SE Asian basins with examples from West Java / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:185-194, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.13 --- D. J. Prosser and R. R. Carter: Permeability heterogeneity within the Jerudong Formation: an outcrop analogue for subsurface Miocene reservoirs in Brunei / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:195-235, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.14 --- I. C. Mat-Zin and R. E. Swarbrick: The tectonic evolution and associated sedimentation history of Sarawak Basin, eastern Malaysia: a guide for future hydrocarbon exploration / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:237-245, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.15 --- M. E. J. Wilson and D. W. J. Bosence: Platform-top and ramp deposits of the Tonasa Carbonate Platform, Sulawesi, Indonesia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:247-279, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.16 --- P. J. Boult: A review of the petroleum potential of Papua New Guinea with a focus on the eastern Papuan Basin and the Pale Sandstone as a potential reservoir fairway / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:281-291, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.17 --- J. B. Blanche and J. D. Blanche: An overview of the hydrocarbon potential of the Spratly Islands archipelago and its implications for regional development / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:293-310, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.18 --- Ian M. Longley: The tectonostratigraphic evolution of SE Asia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:311-339, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.19 --- D. Roques, S. J. Matthews, and C. Rangin: Constraints on strike-slip motion from seismic and gravity data along the Vietnam margin offshore Da Nang: implications for hydrocarbon prospectivity and opening of the East Vietnam Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:341-353, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.20 --- A. J. McCarthy and C. F. Elders: Cenozoic deformation in Sumatra: oblique subduction and the development of the Sumatran Fault System / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:355-363, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.21 --- Chris Howells: Tertiary response to oblique subduction and indentation in Sumatra, Indonesia: new ideas for hydrocarbon exploration / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:365-374, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.22 --- John L. C. Chambers and Timothy E. Daley: A tectonic model for the onshore Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:375-393, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.23 --- Steve J. Moss, John Chambers, Ian Cloke, Dharma Satria, Jason R. Ali, Simon Baker, John Milsom, and Andy Carter: New observations on the sedimentary and tectonic evolution of the Tertiary Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:395-416, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.24 --- John Milsom, Robert Holt, Dzazali Bin Ayub, and Ross Smail: Gravity anomalies and deep structural controls at the Sabah-Palawan margin, South China Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:417-427, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.25
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VI, 436 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    ISBN: 1897799918
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Schlagwort(e): Kohlenwasserstofflagerstätte ; Paläomagnetismus ; Geology ; Paleomagnetism ; Paleomagnetismo ; Petroleo (mineracao) ; Petroleum ; Prospecting
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Peter Turner and Amanda Turner: Palaeomagnetic Applications in Hydrocarbon Exploration and Production: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:1-5, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.01 --- Magnetic Mineral Assemblages and Hydrocarbons --- Hans G. Machel: Magnetic mineral assemblages and magnetic contrasts in diagenetic environments — with implications for studies of palaeomagnetism, hydrocarbon migration and exploration / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:9-29, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.02 --- Palaeomagnetic Properties of Hydrocarbon Reservoirs --- Hervé Perroud, Annick Chauvin, and Michel Rebelle: Hydrocarbon seepage dating through chemical remagnetization / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:33-41, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.03 --- P. Turner, S. D. Burley, D. Rey, and J. Prosser: Burial history of the Penrith Sandstone (Lower Permian) deduced from the combined study of fluid inclusion and palaeomagnetic data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:43-78, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.04 --- Stuart A. Hall and Ian Evans: Palaeomagnetic and rock magnetic properties of hydrocarbon reservoir rocks from the Permian Basin, southeastern New Mexico, USA / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:79-95, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.05 --- S. A. Johnson, P. Turner, A. Hartley, and D. Rey: Palaeomagnetic implications for the timing of hematite precipitation and remagnetization in the Carboniferous Barren Red Measures, UK southern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:97-117, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.06 --- Mark W. Hounslow, Barbara A. Maher, and Laurence Thistlewood: Magnetic mineralogy of sandstones from the Lunde Formation (late Triassic), northern North Sea, UK: origin of the palaeomagnetic signal / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:119-147, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.07 --- Claus Beyer: Results from a palaeomagnetic investigation of the Brent Group sediments in wells 34/10–16 and 34/10–17 showing evidence for complete remagnetization of the sediment / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:149-159, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.08 --- Magnetostratigraphic Applications --- Mark W. Hounslow, Barbara A. Maher, Laurence Thistlewood, and Kevin Dean: Magnetostratigraphic correlations in two cores from the late Triassic Lunde Formation, Beryl Field, northern North Sea, UK / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:163-172, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.09 --- Kifaya N. Belkaaloul, Djafar M. Aissaoui, Michel Rebelle, and Gerard Sambet: Magnetostratigraphic correlations of the Jurassic carbonates from the Paris Basin: implications for petroleum exploration / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:173-186, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.10 --- Eirik Hauger and Paul Van Veen: Application of magnetostratigraphy to Brent Group reservoir zonation in the Visund Field / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:187-204, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.11 --- Gillian M. Turner and Ian D. Bryant: Application of a palaeomagnetic reversal stratigraphy to constrain well correlation and sequence stratigraphic interpretation of the Eocene C1 Sands, Maui Field, New Zealand / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:205-221, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.12 --- R. Thompson and T. D. J. Cameron: Palaeomagnetic study of Cenozoic sediments in North Sea boreholes: an example of a magnetostratigraphic conundrum in a hydrocarbonproducing area / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:223-236, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.13 --- Core Orientation and Susceptibility Logging --- T. C. Rolph, J. Shaw, T. R. Harper, and J. T. Hagan: Viscous remanent magnetization: a tool for orientation of drill cores / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:239-243, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.14 --- E. A. Hailwood and F. Ding: Palaeomagnetic reorientation of cores and the magnetic fabric of hydrocarbon reservoir sands / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:245-258, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.15 --- Reidar Løvlie and Paul Van Veen: Magnetic susceptibility of a 180 m sediment core: reliability of incremental sampling and evidence for a relationship between susceptibility and gamma activity / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:259-266, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.16 --- H. Shi and D. H. Tarling: Magnetic field of a core barrel / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:267-272, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.17 --- D. H. Tarling and H. Shi: Magnetic anisotropy of borehole core samples / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:273-280, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.18 --- Structural Applications --- S. A. Stewart and K. C. Jackson: Palaeomagnetic analysis of fold closure growth and volumetrics / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:283-295, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.19
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (301 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    ISBN: 189779942X
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Schlagwort(e): Methode ; Strukturgeologie ; Geologia estrutural ; Geological modeling ; Geology ; Geology, Structural ; Methodology ; Petroleum
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: D. A. Nieuwland and P. G. Buchanan: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:1-3, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.01 --- Seismic Interpretation --- T. R. Horscroft and J. E. Bain: Validation of seismic data processing and interpretation with integration of gravity and magnetic data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:5-9, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.02 --- G. Pickering, J. M. Bull, and D. J. Sanderson: Scaling of fault displacements and implications for the estimation of sub-seismic strain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:11-26, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.03 --- J. J. Walsh, J. Watterson, C. Childs, and A. Nicol: Ductile strain effects in the analysis of seismic interpretations of normal fault systems / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:27-40, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.04 --- Palinspastic Reconstruction and Forward Modelling --- James G. Buchanan: The application of cross-section construction and validation within exploration and production: a discussion / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:41-50, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.05 --- Mike P. Coward: Balancing sections through inverted basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:51-77, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.06 --- Richard H. Groshong, Jr: Construction and validation of extensional cross sections using lost area and strain, with application to the Rhine Graben / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:79-87, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.07 --- T. A. Hauge and G. G. Gray: A critique of techniques for modelling normal-fault and rollover geometries / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:89-97, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.08 --- Kevin C. Hill and Gareth T. Cooper: A strategy for palinspastic restoration of inverted basins: thermal and structural analyses in SE Australia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:99-115, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.09 --- C. K. Morley: Discussion of potential errors in fault heave methods for extension estimates in rifts, with particular reference to fractal fault populations and inherited fabrics / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:117-134, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.10 --- A. G. Skuce: Forward modelling of compaction above normal faults: an example from the Sirte Basin, Libya / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:135-146, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.11 --- Mark G. Rowan: Benefits and limitations of section restoration in areas of extensional salt tectonics: an example from offshore Louisiana / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:147-161, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.12 --- Fault Populations and Geometric Analyses --- Joseph A. Cartwright, Chris Mansfield, and Bruce Trudgill: The growth of normal faults by segment linkage / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:163-177, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.13 --- Hugh G. Kerr and Nicky White: Kinematic modelling of normal fault geometries using inverse theory / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:179-188, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.14 --- D. T. Needham, G. Yielding, and B. Freeman: Analysis of fault geometry and displacement patterns / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:189-199, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.15 --- Analogue Modelling --- K. R. McClay: Recent advances in analogue modelling: uses in section interpretation and validation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:201-225, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.16 --- Mark Verschuren, Dick Nieuwland, and Jim Gast: Multiple detachment levels in thrust tectonics: Sandbox experiments and palinspastic reconstruction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:227-234, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.17 --- Mathematical Modelling --- J. D. Barnichon and R. Charlier: Finite element modelling of the competition between shear bands in the early stages of thrusting: Strain localization analysis and constitutive law influence / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:235-250, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.18 --- F. Beekman, J. M. Bull, S. Cloetingh, and R. A. Scrutton: Crustal fault reactivation facilitating lithospheric folding/buckling in the central Indian Ocean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:251-263, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.19 --- Stuart Hardy, Josep Poblet, Ken McClay, and Dave Waltham: Mathematical modelling of growth strata associated with fault-related fold structures / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:265-282, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.20 --- M. Ter Voorde and S. Cloetingh: Numerical modelling of extension in faulted crust: effects of localized and regional deformation on basin stratigraphy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:283-296, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.21 --- J. D. Van Wees, S. Cloetingh, and G. de Vicente: The role of pre-existing faults in basin evolution: constraints from 2D finite element and 3D flexure models / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:297-320, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.22 --- Regional Analyses and Remote Sensing --- M. W. Insley, F. X. Murphy, D. Naylor, and M. Critchley: The use of satellite imagery in the validation and verification of structural interpretations for hydrocarbon exploration in Pakistan and Yemen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:321-343, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.23 --- Jonathan P. Turner: Gravity-driven nappes and their relation to palaeobathymetry: examples from West Africa and Cardigan Bay, UK / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:345-362, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.24
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VI, 369 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    ISBN: 1897799438
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 7
    Schlagwort(e): Erdgasgeologie ; Erdölgeologie ; Nordsee, Süd ; Geology ; North Sea ; Petroleum ; Petroleum in submerged lands
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Karen Ziegler, Peter Turner, and Stephen Daines: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:1-3, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.01 --- K. W. Glennie: History of exploration in the southern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:5-16, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.02 --- K. W. Glennie: Recent advances in understanding the southern North Sea Basin: a summary / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:17-29, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.03 --- Gareth T. George and Jeremy K. Berry: Permian (Upper Rotliegend) synsedimentary tectonics, basin development and palaeogeography of the southern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:31-61, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.04 --- John Howell and Nigel Mountney: Climatic cyclicity and accommodation space in arid to semi-arid depositional systems: an example from the Rotliegend Group of the UK southern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:63-86, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.05 --- Gregory P. Leveille, Rob Knipe, Colin More, Dave Ellis, Graham Dudley, Greg Jones, Quentin J. Fisher, and Gareth Allinson: Compartmentalization of Rotliegendes gas reservoirs by sealing faults, Jupiter Fields area, southern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:87-104, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.06 --- Gregory P. Leveille, Tim J. Primmer, Graham Dudley, David Ellis, and Gareth J. Allinson: Diagenetic controls on reservoir quality in Permian Rotliegendes sandstones, Jupiter Fields area, southern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:105-122, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.07 --- Nick Cameron and Tom Ziegler: Probing the lower limits of a fairway: further pre-Permian potential in the southern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:123-141, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.08 --- David G. Quirk and John F. Aitken: The structure of the Westphalian in the northern part of the southern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:143-152, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.09 --- D. G. Quirk: Sequence stratigraphy of the Westphalian in the northern part of the Southern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:153-168, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.10 --- F. C. J. Mijnssen: Modelling of sandbody connectivity in the Schooner Field / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:169-180, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.11 --- C. S. Yang and Y. A. Baumfalk: Application of high-frequency cycle analysis in high-resolution sequence stratigraphy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:181-203, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.12
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (209 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    ISBN: 1897799829
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Unbekannt
    London : The Geological Society
    Schlagwort(e): Erdölgewinnung ; Optimierung ; Gisements pétrolifères - Production - Méthodes ; Gisements pétrolifères, Étude des ; Industrie pétrolière ; Oil fields ; Oil reservoir engineering ; Petroleo (mineracao) ; Petroleum ; Petroleum industry and trade ; Production methods ; Prospecting ; Pétrole - Prospection ; Pétrole - Récupération secondaire ; Secondary recovery of oil
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: H. J. De Haan: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:1-4, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.01 --- Reservoir Characterization --- Alistair Jones, James Doyle, Torgrim Jacobsen, and Dagrun Kjønsvik: Which sub-seismic heterogeneities influence waterflood performance? A case study of a low net-to-gross fluvial reservoir / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:5-18, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.02 --- Michael J. King: Application and analysis of a new method for calculating tensor permeability / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:19-27, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.03 --- Dagrun Kjønsvik and Jostein Alvestad: An analytical method for calculating the performance of heterogeneous reservoirs and its use in uncertainty analysis / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:29-41, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.04 --- J. A. Kokkedee and V. K. Boutkan: Towards measurement of capillary pressure and relative permeability at representative wettability / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:43-50, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.05 --- Lee E. Baker: Three-phase relative permeability of water-wet, intermediate-wet and oil-wet sandstone / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:51-61, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.06 --- François Kalaydjian, Olga Vizika, Jean-Claude Moulu, and Per Kristian Munkerud: The role of wettability and spreading in gas injection processes under secondary conditions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:63-71, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.07 --- Daniel Longeron, François Kalaydjian, and Charles Bardon: Gas-oil capillary pressure measurements at reservoir conditions: effect of interfacial tension and connate water saturation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:73-80, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.08 --- K. J. Heffer and N. C. Koutsabeloulis: Stress effects on reservoir flow: — Numerical modelling used to reproduce field data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:81-88, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.09 --- Water and Gas Injection Methods --- Marianne Jørgensen and Erling H. Stenby: Modelling of vapour-liquid-liquid equilibria of CO2-crude oil mixtures / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:89-97, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.10 --- Mariann Dalland and Jan Erik Hanssen: Foam barriers for thin oil rims: gas blockage with hydrocarbon foams / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:99-109, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.11 --- Jan Erik Hanssen, Leonid M. Surguchev, Idar Svorstøl, and Tore Blaker: SAGA injection: a new combination IOR process for stratified reservoirs / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:111-123, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.12 --- Randy Doyle Hazlett: Soluble gas injection for waterflood profile modification / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:125-131, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.13 --- M. J. King, M. J. Blunt, M. Mansfield, and M. A. Christie: Rapid evaluation of the impact of heterogeneity on miscible gas injection / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:133-142, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.14 --- Vilgeir Dalen, Rune Instefjord, and Reidar Kristensen: A WAG injection pilot in the Lower Brent Formation at the Gullfaks Field / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:143-152, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.15 --- Richard J. Hallam, Tuan D. Ma, and Eric W. Reinbold: Performance evaluation and optimization of the Kuparuk hydrocarbon miscible water-alternating-gas flood / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:153-164, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.16 --- T. C. Wilcox, M. W. Polzin, S. S. Kuo, and K. J. Humphrey: Prudhoe Bay: infill drilling in gravity dominated WAG floods / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:165-173, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.17 --- H. Niko and J. Ovens: Waterflooding under fracturing conditions: from theoretical modelling to field process / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:175-185, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.18 --- Oil Rim Development --- S. N. Zakirov, A. N. Shandrygin, and A. S. Romanov: A new approach to oil rim development / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:187-195, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.19 --- T. Madsen, O. Lie, and M. Velvin: Improving oil recovery from Oseberg Gamma North using horizontal wells / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:197-208, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.20 --- Chemical Recovery Methods --- Birgitte E. R. Schilling, Jan-Åge Stensen, and Pål-Eric Øren: Effects of pore-scale displacement mechanisms and small-scale heterogeneities on oil recovery by surfactant flooding / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:209-218, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.21 --- L. K. Altunina, A. A. Bokserman, V. A. Kuvshinov, and V. V. Polkovnikov: Inorganic gels for enhanced oil recovery at high temperature / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:219-223, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.22 --- B. Kalpakci, T. G. Arf, D. M. Grist, S. B. Hyde, O. Vikane, and S. Espedal: A preliminary evaluation of an LTPF process for Statfjord Field, Norway / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:225-237, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.23 --- A. Putz, B. Pedron, and B. Bazin: Commercial polymer injection in the Courtenay Field, 1993 update / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:239-249, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.24 --- R. Kristensen, T. Lund, V. I. Titov, and N. I. Akimov: Laboratory evaluation and field tests of a silicate gel system intended for use under North Sea conditions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:251-259, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.25 --- Thermal Recovery Methods --- R. R. G. G. Godderij, F. Gümrah, C. T. S. Palmgren, and J. Bruining: An investigation of the vertical sweep efficiency of steam drive in a layered reservoir / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:261-273, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.26 --- D. M. Marjerrison and M. R. Fassihi: Morgan pressure cycling in-situ combustion project: performance and modelling / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 84:275-286, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.084.01.27
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (294 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    ISBN: 1897799225
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Schlagwort(e): Atlantischer Ozean (Süd) ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Erdgaslagerstätte ; Erdöllagerstätte ; Geologia econômica ; Geology ; Natural gas in submerged lands ; Petroleum ; Petroleum in submerged lands ; South Atlantic Ocean ; larpcal ; Óleo e gas - Oceano atlântico
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Nick Cameron, Ray Bate, Val Clure, and Jeremy Benton: Oil and gas habitats of the South Atlantic: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 153:1-9, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.153.01.01 --- The Geological and Geophysical Framework --- Garry D. Karner and Neal W. Driscoll: Tectonic and stratigraphic development of the West African and eastern Brazilian Margins: insights from quantitative basin modelling / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 153:11-40, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.153.01.02 --- Kerry Gallagher and Roderick Brown: The Mesozoic denudation history of the Atlantic margins of southern Africa and southeast Brazil and the relationship to offshore sedimentation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 153:41-53, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.153.01.03 --- Renato M. Darros de Matos: History of the northeast Brazilian rift system: kinematic implications for the break-up between Brazil and West Africa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 153:55-73, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.153.01.04 --- Bruce R. Rosendahl and Henrike Groschel-Becker: Deep seismic structure of the continental margin in the Gulf of Guinea: a summary report / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 153:75-83, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.153.01.05 --- R. Crossley and D. Cripps: Templates from mainland Africa and the Red Sea for interpreting the early evolution of the South Atlantic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 153:85-96, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.153.01.06 --- Oil and Gas Habitats --- P. Dolan: Western Africa: an unfinished story of oil and gas exploration / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 153:97-99, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.153.01.07 --- M. P. Coward, E. G. Purdy, A. C. Ries, and D. G. Smith: The distribution of petroleum reserves in basins of the South Atlantic margins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 153:101-131, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.153.01.08 --- Ian Davison: Tectonics and hydrocarbon distribution along the Brazilian South Atlantic margin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 153:133-151, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.153.01.09 --- Eric H. A. Jungslager: Petroleum habitats of the Atlantic margin of South Africa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 153:153-168, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.153.01.10 --- Organic Geochemistry --- C. F. Schiefelbein, J. E. Zumberge, N. R. Cameron, and S. W. Brown: Petroleum systems in the South Atlantic margins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 153:169-179, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.153.01.11 --- R. Burwood: Angola: source rock control for Lower Congo Coastal and Kwanza Basin petroleum systems / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 153:181-194, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.153.01.12 --- Applications --- Ann Holbourn, Wolfgang Kuhnt, Abderrazzak El Albani, Thomas Pletsch, Florian Luderer, and Thomas Wagner: Upper Cretaceous palaeoenvironments and benthonic foraminiferal assemblages of potential source rocks from the western African margin, Central Atlantic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 153:195-222, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.153.01.13 --- A. El Albani, W. Kuhnt, F. Luderer, J. P. Herbin, and M. Caron: Palaeoenvironmental evolution of the Late Cretaceous sequence in the Tarfaya Basin (southwest of Morocco) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 153:223-240, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.153.01.14 --- Thomas Wagner and Thomas Pletsch: Tectono-sedimentary controls on Cretaceous black shale deposition along the opening Equatorial Atlantic Gateway (ODP Leg 159) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 153:241-265, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.153.01.15 --- R. C. Preece, M. A. Kaminski, and T. W. Dignes: Miocene benthonic foraminiferal morphogroups in an oxygen minimum zone, offshore Cabinda / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 153:267-282, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.153.01.16 --- Raymond H. Bate: Non-marine ostracod assemblages of the Pre-Salt rift basins of West Africa and their role in sequence stratigraphy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 153:283-292, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.153.01.17 --- R. V. Dingle: Walvis Ridge barrier: its influence on palaeoenvironments and source rock generation deduced from ostracod distributions in the early South Atlantic Ocean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 153:293-302, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.153.01.18 --- Exploration Studies and Issues --- Jonathan P. Turner: Detachment faulting and petroleum prospectivity in the Rio Muni Basin, Equatorial Guinea, West Africa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 153:303-320, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.153.01.19 --- Joanne Bagguley and Sarah Prosser: The interpretation of passive margin depositional processes using seismic stratigraphy: examples from offshore Namibia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 153:321-344, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.153.01.20 --- I. G. Stanistreet and H. Stollhofen: Onshore equivalents of the main Kudu gas reservoir in Namibia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 153:345-365, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.153.01.21 --- Dougal A. Jerram, Nigel Mountney, and Harald Stollhofen: Facies architecture of the Etjo Sandstone Formation and its interaction with the Basal Etendeka Flood Basalts of northwest Namibia: implications for offshore prospectivity / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 153:367-380, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.153.01.22 --- J. Clemson, J. Cartwright, and R. Swart: The Namib Rift: a rift system of possible Karoo age, offshore Namibia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 153:381-402, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.153.01.23 --- P. F. Barker: Falkland Plateau evolution and a mobile southernmost South America / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 153:403-408, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.153.01.24 --- S. R. Lawrence, M. Johnson, S. R. Tubb, and S. J. Marshallsea: Tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the North Falkland region / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 153:409-424, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.153.01.25 --- P. J. E. Bransden, P. Burges, M. J. Durham, and J. G. Hall: Evidence for multi-phase rifting in the North Falklands Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 153:425-443, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.153.01.26 --- Neil S. Meadows: Basin evolution and sedimentary fill in the Palaeozoic sequences of the Falkland Islands / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 153:445-464, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.153.01.27
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (474 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    ISBN: 1862390304
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 10
    Schlagwort(e): Biostratigraphie ; Erdölgeologie ; Bioestratigrafia ; Biostratigraphie ; Geology, Economic ; Geology, Stratigraphic ; Géologie économique ; Micropaleontologia ; Paleontology, Stratigraphic ; Petroleum ; Prospecting ; Prospecção geológica ; Pétrole - Géologie ; Stratigraphie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: R. W. Jones and M. D. Simmons: Preface and Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 152:1-3, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.152.01.01 --- S. N. J. Payne, D. F. Ewen, and M. J. Bowman: The role and value of ‘high-impact biostratigraphy’ in reservoir appraisal and development / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 152:5-22, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.152.01.02 --- S. Duxbury, D. Kadolsky, and S. Johansen: Sequence stratigraphic subdivision of the Humber Group in the Outer Moray Firth area (UKCS, North Sea) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 152:23-54, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.152.01.03 --- P. H. Morris, S. N. J. Payne, and D. P. J. Richards: Micropalaeontological biostratigraphy of the Magnus Sandstone Member (Kimmeridgian-Early Volgian), Magnus Field, UK North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 152:55-73, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.152.01.04 --- D. J. Shipp: Well-site biostratigraphy of Danish horizontal wells / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 152:75-84, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.152.01.05 --- J. A. Bergen and P. J. Sikora: Microfossil diachronism in southern Norwegian North Sea chalks: Valhall and Hod fields / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 152:85-111, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.152.01.06 --- P. J. Sikora, J. A. Bergen, and C. L. Farmer: Chalk palaeoenvironments and depositional model, Valhall-Hod fields, southern Norwegian North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 152:113-137, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.152.01.07 --- M. D. Bidgood, A. G. Mitlehner, G. D. Jones, and D. J. Jutson: Towards a stable and agreed nomenclature for North Sea Tertiary diatom floras — the ‘Coscinodiscus’ problem / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 152:139-153, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.152.01.08 --- N. A. Holmes: The Andrew Formation and ‘biosteering’ — different reservoirs, different approaches / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 152:155-166, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.152.01.09 --- G. Mangerud, T. Dreyer, L. Søyseth, O. Martinsen, and A. Ryseth: High-resolution biostratigraphy and sequence development of the Palaeocene succession, Grane Field, Norway / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 152:167-184, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.152.01.10 --- R. W. Jones: Forties Field (North Sea) revisited: a demonstration of the value of historical micropalaeontological data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 152:185-200, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.152.01.11 --- D. McLean and S. J. Davies: Constraints on the application of palynology to the correlation of Euramerican Late Carboniferous clastic hydrocarbon reservoirs / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 152:201-218, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.152.01.12 --- M. D. Simmons, M. D. Bidgood, P. Brenac, P. D. Crevello, J. J. Lambiase, and C. K. Morley: Microfossil assemblages as proxies for precise palaeoenvironmental determination — an example from Miocene sediments of northwest Borneo / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 152:219-241, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.152.01.13 --- R. W. Jones, N. E. Jones, A. D. King, and D. Shaw: Reservoir biostratigraphy of the Pedernales Field, Venezuela / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 152:243-257, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.152.01.14 --- J. M. Armentrout, L. B. Fearn, K. Rodgers, S. Root, W. D. Lyle, D. C. Herrick, R. B. Bloch, J. W. Snedden, and B. Nwankwo: High-resolution sequence biostratigraphy of a lowstand prograding deltaic wedge: Oso Field (late Miocene), Nigeria / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 152:259-290, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.152.01.15 --- C. J. Van Der Zwan and W. A. Brugman: Biosignals from the EA Field, Nigeria / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 152:291-301, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.152.01.16 --- B. J. O’Neill, A. E. DuVernay, and R. A. George: Applied palaeontology: a critical stratigraphic tool in Gulf of Mexico exploration and exploitation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 152:303-308, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.152.01.17
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (318 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme ; 25cm + fold out charts
    ISBN: 1862390312
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 11
    Schlagwort(e): Nordafrika ; Erdölgeologie ; Lagerstätte ; Erdgas ; Erdöl ; Erdöllagerstätte ; Erdgaslagerstätte ; Geologie ; Tektonik ; Atlas (Gebirge) ; Kohlenwasserstoffe ; Petroleum ; Geology ; Africa, North ; fossile Brennstoffe ; Exploration und Prospektion von Bodenschätzen
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Duncan S. Macgregor: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:1-6, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.01 --- Palaeozoic and Sub-Salt Regional Papers --- David R. D. Boote, Daniel D. Clark-Lowes, and Marc W. Traut: Palaeozoic petroleum systems of North Africa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:7-68, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.02 --- Marc W. Traut, David R. D. Boote, and Daniel D. Clark-Lowes: Exploration history of the Palaeozoic petroleum systems of North Africa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:69-78, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.03 --- Duncan S. Macgregor: Giant fields, petroleum systems and exploration maturity of Algeria / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:79-96, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.04 --- B. Fekirine and H. Abdallah: Palaeozoic lithofacies correlatives and sequence stratigraphy of the Saharan Platform, Algeria / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:97-108, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.05 --- K. Echikh: Geology and hydrocarbon occurrences in the Ghadames Basin, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:109-129, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.06 --- Paul Logan and Ian Duddy: An investigation of the thermal history of the Ahnet and Reggane Basins, Central Algeria, and the consequences for hydrocarbon generation and accumulation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:131-155, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.07 --- Palaeozoic Reservoirs and Fields --- Rob Crossley and Neil McDougall: Lower Palaeozoic reservoirs of North Africa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:157-166, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.08 --- Mohamed Robert Djarnia and Berrached Fekirine: Sedimentological and diagenetic controls on Cambro-Ordovician reservoir quality in the southern Hassi Messaoud area (Saharan Platform, Algeria) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:167-174, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.09 --- N. Alem, S. Assassi, S. Benhebouche, and B. Kadi: Controls on hydrocarbon occurrence and productivity in the F6 reservoir, Tin Fouyé-Tabankort area, NW Illizi Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:175-186, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.10 --- Rabah Chaouchi, M. S. Malla, and F. Kechou: Sedimentological evolution of the Givetian-Eifelian (F3) sand bar of the West Alrar field, Illizi Basin, Algeria / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:187-200, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.11 --- Mesozoic-Cenozoic Regional Papers --- Duncan S. Macgregor and Richard T. J. Moody: Mesozoic and Cenozoic petroleum systems of North Africa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:201-216, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.12 --- R. Guiraud: Mesozoic rifting and basin inversion along the northern African Tethyan margin: an overview / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:217-229, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.13 --- M. Wilson, R. Guiraud, C. Moreau, and Y. J.-C. Bellion: Late Permian to Recent magmatic activity on the African-Arabian margin of Tethys / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:231-263, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.14 --- M. L. Keeley and M. S. Massoud: Tectonic controls on the petroleum geology of NE Africa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:265-281, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.15 --- Al Moundir Morabet, Rabah Bouchta, and Haddou Jabour: An overview of the petroleum systems of Morocco / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:283-296, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.16 --- Moesozoic Reservoirs and Fields --- S. M. Richardson, N. Vivian, R. J. Cook, M. Wilkes, and H. Hussein: Application of fault seal analysis techniques in the Western Desert, Egypt / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:297-315, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.17 --- Rutger Gras and Bindra Thusu: Trap architecture of the Early Cretaceous Sarir Sandstone in the eastern Sirt Basin, Libya / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:317-334, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.18 --- D. Spring and O. P. Hansen: The influence of platform morphology and sea level on the development of a carbonate sequence: the Harash Formation, Eastern Sirt Basin, Libya / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:335-353, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.19 --- R. G. Loucks, R. T. J. Moody, J. K. Bellis, and A. A. Brown: Regional depositional setting and pore network systems of the El Garia Formation (Metlaoui Group, Lower Eocene), offshore Tunisia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:355-374, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.20 --- A. Zaïer, A. Beji-Sassi, S. Sassi, and R. T. J. Moody: Basin evolution and deposition during the Early Paleogene in Tunisia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:375-393, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.21 --- The Atlas Fold Belt --- R. Bracène, A. Bellahcène, D. Bekkouche, E. Mercier, and D. Frizon de Lamotte: The thin-skinned style of the South Atlas Front in Central Algeria / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:395-404, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.22 --- Mark A. Morgan, John Grocott, and Richard T. J. Moody: The structural evolution of the Zaghouan-Ressas Structural Belt, northern Tunisia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:405-422, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.23 --- Karim Mekireche, Nordine Sabaou, and Reda-Samy Zazoun: Critical factors in the exploration of an Atlas intramontane basin; the Western Hodna Basin of northern Algeria / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 132:423-432, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.132.01.24
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (442 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    ISBN: 1862390045
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 12
    Schlagwort(e): Speichergestein ; Strukturgeologie ; Failles (géologie) ; Faults (Geology) ; Geology ; Petroleum ; Pièges structuraux (Géologie pétrolière) ; Pétrole - Géologie ; Roches réservoirs (géologie pétrolière) ; Structural traps (Petroleum geology) ; Tectonique
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: J. W. Cosgrove: The role of structural geology in reservoir characterization / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 127:1-13, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.127.01.01 --- John Archer: Reservoir characterization and modelling: a framework for field development / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 127:15-18, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.127.01.02 --- B. Freeman, G. Yielding, D. T. Needham, and M. E. Badley: Fault seal prediction: the gouge ratio method / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 127:19-25, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.127.01.03 --- B. R. Crawford: Experimental fault sealing: shear band permeability dependency on cataclastic fault gouge characteristics / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 127:27-47, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.127.01.04 --- Roy H. Gabrielsen, Randi-Kristin Aarland, and Einar Alsaker: Identification and spatial distribution of fractures in porous, siliciclastic sediments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 127:49-64, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.127.01.05 --- T. Manzocchi, P. S. Ringrose, and J. R. Underhill: Flow through fault systems in high-porosity sandstones / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 127:65-82, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.127.01.06 --- Richard G. Gibson: Physical character and fluid-flow properties of sandstone-derived fault zones / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 127:83-97, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.127.01.07 --- J. J. Walsh, J. Watterson, A. Heath, P. A. Gillespie, and C. Childs: Assessment of the effects of sub-seismic faults on bulk permeabilities of reservoir sequences / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 127:99-114, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.127.01.08 --- Roderick J. Owen, Xiang-Yang Li, Colin D. Macbeth, and David C. Booth: Reservoir characterization: how can anisotropy help? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 127:115-119, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.127.01.09 --- L. Foley, T. S. Daltaban, and J. T. Wang: Numerical simulation of fluid flow in complex faulted regions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 127:121-132, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.127.01.10 --- S. A. Stewart and R. Podolski: Curvature analysis of gridded geological surfaces / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 127:133-147, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.127.01.11 --- Gary D. Couples, Helen Lewis, and P. W. Geoff Tanner: Strain partitioning during flexural-slip folding / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 127:149-165, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.127.01.12 --- Amgad I. Younes, Terry Engelder, and William Bosworth: Fracture distribution in faulted basement blocks: Gulf of Suez, Egypt / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 127:167-190, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.127.01.13 --- Lidia Lonergan, Joe Cartwright, Rod Laver, and Joe Staffurth: Polygonal faulting in the Tertiary of the central North Sea: implications for reservoir geology / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 127:191-207, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.127.01.14 --- R. K. Aarland and J. Skjerven: Fault and fracture characteristics of a major fault zone in the northern North Sea: analysis of 3D seismic and oriented cores in the Brage Field (Block 31/4) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 127:209-229, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.127.01.15 --- Haakon Fossen and Jonny Hesthammer: Structural geology of the Gullfaks Field, northern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 127:231-261, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.127.01.16
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VIII, 266 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    ISBN: 1897799942
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 13
    Unbekannt
    London : The Geological Society
    Schlagwort(e): Becken (Geologie) ; Kohlenwasserstofflagerstätte ; Kohlenwasserstoffe ; Rift ; Basins (Geology) ; Geologia estrutural ; Geology ; Petroleum ; Recursos minerais ou geologia economica ; Rifts (Geology)
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Rift Structure: Models and Observations --- C. K. Morley: Developments in the structural geology of rifts over the last decade and their impact on hydrocarbon exploration / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 80:1-32, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.080.01.01 --- Nick J. Kusznir, Alan M. Roberts, and Chris K. Morley: Forward and reverse modelling of rift basin formation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 80:33-56, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.080.01.02 --- Gerald P. Roberts and Robert L. Gawthorpe: Strike variation in deformation and diagenesis along segmented normal faults: an example from the eastern Gulf of Corinth, Greece / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 80:57-74, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.080.01.03 --- William Bosworth: A high-strain rift model for the southern Gulf of Suez (Egypt) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 80:75-102, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.080.01.04 --- Nigel H. Platt: Structure and tectonics of the northern North Sea: new insights from deep penetration regional seismic data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 80:103-113, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.080.01.05 --- Stratigraphic Development and Reservoir Distribution --- J.J. Lambiase and W. Bosworth: Structural controls on sedimentation in continental rifts / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 80:117-144, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.080.01.06 --- Neal W. Driscoll and John R. Hogg: Stratigraphic response to basin formation: Jeanne d’Arc Basin, offshore Newfoundland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 80:145-163, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.080.01.07 --- Richard E. Ll. Collier and Rob L. Gawthorpe: Neotectonics, drainage and sedimentation in central Greece: insights into coastal reservoir geometries in syn-rift sequences / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 80:165-181, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.080.01.08 --- C. A. Scholz: Seismic stratigraphy of an accommodation-zone margin rift-lake delta, Lake Malawi, Africa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 80:183-195, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.080.01.09 --- R. D. A. Smith: Reservoir architecture of syn-rift lacustrine turbidite systems, early Cretaceous, offshore South Gabon / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 80:197-210, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.080.01.10 --- Source Rocks and Geochemistry --- Barry J. Katz: A survey of rift basin source rocks / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 80:213-240, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.080.01.11 --- Harold H. Williams, Martin Fowler, and Roger T. Eubank: Characteristics of selected Palaeogene and Cretaceous lacustrine source basins of Southeast Asia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 80:241-282, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.080.01.12 --- Case Studies: Productive and Non-Productive Rifts --- N. L. Banks, K. A. Bardwell, and S. Musiwa: Karoo Rift basins of the Luangwa Valley, Zambia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 80:285-295, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.080.01.13 --- Thomas Kreuser: Rift to drift evolution in Permian-Jurassic basins of East Africa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 80:297-315, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.080.01.14 --- Li Desheng: Hydrocarbon habitat in the Songliao Rift Basin, China / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 80:317-329, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.080.01.15 --- Harold H. Williams and Roger T. Eubank: Hydrocarbon habitat in the rift graben of the Central Sumatra Basin, Indonesia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 80:331-371, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.080.01.16
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VIII, 381 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    ISBN: 1897799152
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 14
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-04-04
    Beschreibung: Focused fluid flow shapes the evolution of marine sedimentary basins by transferring fluids and pressure across geological formations. Vertical fluid conduits may form where localized overpressure breaches a cap rock (permeability barrier) and thereby transports overpressured fluids towards shallower reservoirs or the surface. Field outcrops of an Eocene fluid flow system at Pobiti Kamani and Beloslav Quarry (ca 15 km west of Varna, Bulgaria) reveal large carbonate‐cemented conduits, which formed in highly permeable, unconsolidated, marine sands of the northern Tethys Margin. An uncrewed aerial vehicle with an RGB sensor camera produces ortho‐rectified image mosaics, digital elevation models and point clouds of the two kilometre‐scale outcrop areas. Based on these data, geological field observations and petrological analysis of rock/core samples, fractures and vertical fluid conduits were mapped and analyzed with centimetre accuracy. The results show that both outcrops comprise several hundred carbonate‐cemented fluid conduits (pipes), oriented perpendicular to bedding, and at least seven bedding‐parallel calcite cemented interbeds which differ from the hosting sand formation only by their increased amount of cementation. The observations show that carbonate precipitation likely initiated around areas of focused fluid flow, where methane entered the formation from the underlying fractured subsurface. These first carbonates formed the outer walls of the pipes and continued to grow inward, leading to self‐sustaining and self‐reinforcing focused fluid flow. The results, supported by literature‐based carbon and oxygen isotope analyses of the carbonates, indicate that ambient seawater and advected fresh/brackish water were involved in the carbonate precipitation by microbial methane oxidation. Similar structures may also form in modern settings where focused fluid flow advects fluids into overlying sand‐dominated formations, which has wide implications for the understanding of how focusing of fluids works in sedimentary basins with broad consequences for the migration of water, oil and gas.
    Beschreibung: Integrated School of Ocean Sciences (ISOS) Kiel
    Beschreibung: European Union’s Horizon 2020 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010661
    Beschreibung: Bulgarian Science Fund
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 15
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-04-07
    Beschreibung: The decomposition of thawing permafrost organic matter (OM) to the greenhouse gases (GHG) carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane forms a positive feedback to global climate change. Data on in situ GHG fluxes from thawing permafrost OM are scarce and OM degradability is largely unknown, causing high uncertainties in the permafrost‐carbon climate feedback. We combined in situ CO2 and methane flux measurements at an abrupt permafrost thaw feature with laboratory incubations and dynamic modeling to quantify annual CO2 release from thawing permafrost OM, estimate its in situ degradability and evaluate the explanatory power of incubation experiments. In July 2016 and 2019, CO2 fluxes ranged between 0.24 and 2.6 g CO2‐C m−2 d−1. Methane fluxes were low, which coincided with the absence of active methanogens in the Pleistocene permafrost. CO2 fluxes were lower three years after initial thaw after normalizing these fluxes to thawed carbon, indicating the depletion of labile carbon. Higher CO2 fluxes from thawing Pleistocene permafrost than from Holocene permafrost indicate OM preservation for millennia and give evidence that microbial activity in the permafrost was not substantial. Short‐term incubations overestimated in situ CO2 fluxes but underestimated methane fluxes. Two independent models simulated median annual CO2 fluxes of 160 and 184 g CO2‐C m−2 from the thaw slump, which include 25%–31% CO2 emissions during winter. Annual CO2 fluxes represent 0.8% of the carbon pool thawed in the surface soil. Our results demonstrate the potential of abrupt thaw processes to transform the tundra from carbon neutral into a substantial GHG source.
    Beschreibung: Plain Language Summary: Thawing of permanently frozen soils (permafrost) in the northern hemisphere forms a threat to global climate since these soils contain large amounts of frozen organic carbon, which might be decomposed to the greenhouse gases (GHGs) carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane upon thaw. How fast these GHGs are produced is largely unknown, since field observations of greenhouse gas fluxes from thawing permafrost are too sparse. Consequently, simulations on the effect of thawing permafrost soils on future climate are highly uncertain. We measured CO2 and methane fluxes from soils affected by abrupt permafrost thaw in Siberia during two summer seasons. We used these field observations and long‐term incubation data to calibrate two models that simulate the CO2 release over a whole year. We found that greenhouse gas fluxes were dominated by CO2 and that the minor importance of methane was due to the absence of methane producing microorganisms in the Pleistocene permafrost. The CO2 release in the first year accounted for 0.8% of thawed permafrost carbon but decomposition rates decreased after the depletion of the rapidly decomposable organic matter. Abrupt permafrost thaw turned the tundra into a substantial source of CO2, of which 25%–31% was released in the non‐growing season.
    Beschreibung: Key Points: Abrupt permafrost thaw turned the tundra into a substantial annual source of CO2 of which 25%–31% were released in the non‐growing season. About 0.8% of thawed permafrost carbon was decomposed to CO2 in one year but decomposition rates declined after the loss of labile carbon. Methane contributed a minor fraction to total greenhouse gas fluxes also because of a low methanogen abundance in Pleistocene permafrost.
    Beschreibung: German Ministry for Education and Research
    Beschreibung: German Research Foundation
    Beschreibung: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5584710
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 16
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-04-07
    Beschreibung: Hydrogen isotope ratios of sedimentary leaf waxes (δ2HWax values) are increasingly used to reconstruct past hydroclimate. Here, we add δ2HWax values from 19 lakes and four swamps on 15 tropical Pacific islands to an updated global compilation of published data from surface sediments and soils. Globally, there is a strong positive linear correlation between δ2H values of mean annual precipitation (δ2HP values) and the leaf waxes n‐C29‐alkane (R2 = 0.74, n = 665) and n‐C28‐acid (R2 = 0.74, n = 242). Tropical Pacific δ2HWax values fall within the predicted range of values based on the global calibration, and the largest residuals from the global regression line are no greater than those observed elsewhere, despite large uncertainties in δ2HP values at some Pacific sites. However, tropical Pacific δ2HWax values in isolation are not correlated with estimated δ2HP values from isoscapes or from isotope‐enabled general circulation models. Palynological analyses from these same Pacific sediment samples suggest no systematic relationship between any particular type of pollen distribution and deviations from the global calibration line. Rather, the poor correlations observed in the tropical Pacific are likely a function of the small range of δ2HP values relative to the typical residuals around the global calibration line. Our results suggest that δ2HWax values are currently most suitable for use in detecting large changes in precipitation in the tropical Pacific and elsewhere, but that ample room for improving this threshold exits in both improved understanding of δ2H variability in plants, as well as in precipitation.
    Beschreibung: Plain Language Summary: Past precipitation patterns are difficult to reconstruct, limiting our ability to understand Earth’s climate system. Geochemists reconstruct past precipitation by measuring the amount of heavy hydrogen naturally incorporated into the waxy coating of leaves, which is preserved in mud that accumulates in lakes, soils, and oceans. Heavy hydrogen in leaf waxes is strongly correlated with local precipitation, allowing us to learn about rainfall intensity, temperature, and cloud movement. However, no existing calibration studies include sites from the tropical Pacific, home to the most intense rainfall on the planet and populations that rely on rain for drinking water and farming. We measured heavy hydrogen in leaf waxes from tropical Pacific islands and show that although values are within the global calibration error, no precipitation relationship exists within the region. Plant type distributions do not explain the lack of correlation, which is best attributed to poorly constrained estimates of heavy hydrogen in local rain and the relatively small range of variability within the region. At present, heavy hydrogen from ancient leaf waxes can show large changes in past precipitation, but improved process‐level understanding is needed to use this tool to understand smaller changes in the tropical Pacific and elsewhere.
    Beschreibung: Key Points: Leaf wax 2H/1H ratios are correlated with mean annual precipitation 2H/1H ratios globally, but not in the tropical Pacific. Deviations from the global relationship between precipitation leaf wax 2H/1H ratios cannot be predicted from palynological assemblages. Small range and large uncertainties in estimates of tropical Pacific precipitation 2H/1H ratios likely account for poor correlations.
    Beschreibung: Swiss National Science Foundation
    Beschreibung: National Science Foundation (NSF) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
    Beschreibung: Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000270
    Beschreibung: Department of Education and Training, Australian Research Council (ARC) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000923
    Beschreibung: http://10.0.15.89/ethz-b-000412154
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551 ; ddc:577.7
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
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  • 17
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-04-05
    Beschreibung: Human alteration of nutrient cycles has caused persistent and widespread degradation of water quality around the globe. In many regions, including Western Europe, elevated nitrate (NO3−) concentration in surface waters contributes to eutrophication and noncompliance with environmental legislation. Discharge, NO3− concentrations and the vulnerability of the aquatic ecosystems to eutrophication often exhibit a distinct seasonality. Understanding spatial patterns and long‐term trends in this seasonality is crucial to improve water quality management. Here, we hypothesized that NO3− concentrations during high‐flow periods would respond faster to changes in nutrient inputs than low‐flow concentrations because of greater connectivity of shallow diffuse NO3− sources with the river network. To test this hypothesis, we compiled long‐term NO3− and discharge time series from 290 Western European catchments. To characterize the long‐term trajectories of seasonal NO3− concentration, we propose a novel hysteresis approach comparing low‐ and high‐flow NO3− concentration in the context of multi‐decadal N input changes. We found synchronous winter maxima of NO3− and discharge in 84% of the study catchments. However, contrary to our hypothesis, there were surprisingly diverse long‐term trajectories of seasonal NO3− concentration. Both clockwise (faster high‐flow NO3− response) and counterclockwise hysteresis (faster low‐flow NO3− response) occurred in similar proportions, potentially due to a high complexity in the underlying processes. Spatial variability of seasonality in NO3− concentration across the catchments was more pronounced and better predictable than its long‐term variability. This work demonstrates the value of seasonal and inter‐annual hydrochemical analysis and provides new tools for water quality monitoring and management.
    Beschreibung: Plain Language Summary: Nitrogen is an essential element of all living organisms and has thus often been used excessively as fertilizer to secure food production. However, surface waters can suffer from elevated nutrients inputs, causing toxic algal blooms and impairing drinking water quality, especially during summer low flows. To manage water quality, it is crucial to understand these seasonal variations of nitrogen and discharge and the underlying processes. We used data from 290 catchments in France and Germany to characterize average seasonality patterns and their long‐term evolution across the variety of landscapes and human influences. This allowed classifying catchment behavior and linking them to controls. As expected, both nitrogen and discharge peak during winter in most catchments (84%). However, there are well explainable deviations, for example, in mountainous regions. The long‐term evolution of seasonality was more diverse than expected suggesting a complex interplay of various processes with the long input history from fertilization and wastewater being part of the controls. We found that the differences among catchments were greater than the long‐term changes of seasonality within most catchments. By identifying catchment typologies, our study increases the understanding of nitrate seasonality patterns across a large extent and thus supports ecological water quality management.
    Beschreibung: Key Points: Spatial patterns of nitrate and discharge seasonality are linked to topography and hydroclimate with winter maxima dominating for both. After decreasing nutrient inputs, cases with decreases in river nitrate preceding during low‐ and high‐flow seasons occurred equally often. Spatial variability of nitrate seasonality is greater and more predictable from catchment characteristics than its long‐term variability.
    Beschreibung: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Beschreibung: Helmholtz Association http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100009318
    Beschreibung: US National Science Foundation (NSF)
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 18
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-30
    Beschreibung: Abstract The number of newly discovered and confirmed impact structures on earth is growing continuously. In this review paper, the main attributes of 198 confirmed impact structures and 10 further structures, for which final confirmation based on the identification of shock features is not yet entirely satisfying, are presented. The impact craters are compared statistically, with regard to their morphology, structure, and status of erosion or burial. The size– and age–frequency distributions of terrestrial impact structures are presented. Additional aspects concern target petrography and shock effects found in the craters. Based on the discovery statistics of presently known crater structures, an estimate can be made of the number of craters that await discovery. The paper is complementary to the recently published atlas of terrestrial impact structures by Gottwald et al. (2020).
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
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  • 19
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-30
    Beschreibung: The prevailing view suggests that the Eemian interglacial on the European Plain was characterized by largely negligible geomorphic activity beyond the coastal areas. However, systematic geomorphological studies are sparse. Here we present a detailed reconstruction of Eemian to Early Weichselian landscape evolution in the vicinity of a small fingerlake on the northern margin of the Salzwedel Palaeolake in Lower Saxony (Germany). We apply a combination of seismics, sediment coring, pollen analysis and luminescence dating on a complex sequence of colluvial, paludal and lacustrine sediments. Results suggest two pronounced phases of geomorphic activity, directly before the onset and at the end of the Eemian period, with an intermediate period of pronounced landscape stability. The dynamic phases were largely driven by incomplete vegetation cover, but likely accentuated by fluvial incision in the neighbouring Elbe Valley. Furthermore, we discovered Neanderthal occupation at the lakeshore during Eemian pollen zone (PZ) E IV, which is chronologically in line with other known Eemian sites of central Europe. Our highly‐resolved spatio‐temporal data substantially contribute to the understanding of climate‐induced geomorphic processes throughout and directly after the last interglacial period. It helps unraveling the landscape dynamics between the coastal areas to the north and the loess belt to the south.
    Beschreibung: Two phases of channel incision at the Saalian‐Eemian transition and in the late Eemian. Incisions closely followed by rising water tables. Long‐lasting phase of geomorphic stability in the mid‐Eemian, characterized by: very dense forest cover. the formation of a fingerlake within the paleochannel with gradually sinking water table. no influx of clastic sediments, but deposition of peat and lake‐marl deposits.
    Beschreibung: Max‐Planck‐Gesellschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004189
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:554.3 ; ddc:551
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
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  • 20
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-31
    Beschreibung: Although previous findings support an origin of the Shatsky Rise igneous plateau (Northwest Pacific) through interaction of a mantle plume with a mid‐ocean ridge triple junction, the evidence for the involvement of a mantle plume is equivocal. The identification of an intraplate hotspot track emanating from the plateau could solve this controversy. Here we present major and trace element geochemical data from two different bathymetric features that emanate from the youngest end of Shatsky Rise: Papanin Ridge and the Ojin Rise Seamount province. Combining our results with plate tectonic reconstructions, we conclude that Papanin Ridge represents a hotspot track formed by plume‐ridge interaction. Whereas the southwestern part was formed along the path of the retreating Pacific‐Farallon‐Izanagi triple junction, the northeastern part was built by preferential drainage into its Pacific‐Farallon branch. In contrast, the Ojin Rise Seamounts formed as a true intraplate hotspot track of the Shatsky plume tail. Our wide‐ranging study reveals systematic spatial geochemical variations, consistent with a lithospheric thickness control on magma composition derived from melting a heterogeneous plume source. The recognition of two hotspot tracks and in particular of the Ojin Rise Seamounts as an intraplate hotspot track that is directly linked to Shatsky plateau volcanism both in terms of geochemistry and plate tectonic reconstructions confirms the long‐disputed involvement of a mantle plume for the formation of Shatsky Rise.
    Beschreibung: Plain Language Summary: The origin of Shatsky Rise, a large igneous plateau in the NW Pacific, has long been debated. It could have either formed by shallow mantle melting due to its confirmed creation along a mid‐ocean ridge or with additional contribution of deeper mantle material that upwelled as so‐called mantle plume beneath the spreading ridge (“plume‐ridge interaction”). The identification of an intraplate hotspot track emanating from Shatsky Rise and related to the plateau could answer this question. Here we present major and trace element geochemical data from lava samples dredged from two different structures that arise from the youngest end of the Shatsky Rise plateau: Papanin Ridge and the Ojin Rise Seamount province. By combining our results with plate tectonic reconstructions, we conclude that Papanin Ridge formed, like the main Shatsky Rise, by continued plume‐ridge interaction. In contrast, the Ojin Rise Seamounts formed as a true intraplate hotspot track by the drift of the Pacific Plate over the stationary Shatsky hotspot (plume tail). The recognition of an intraplate hotspot track that is directly linked to the Shatsky plateau volcanism both in terms of geochemistry and plate tectonic reconstructions also confirms the involvement of a mantle plume for the formation of Shatsky Rise.
    Beschreibung: Key Points: The Ojin Rise Seamounts are identified as intraplate hotspot track of the same mantle plume that formed the Shatsky Rise oceanic plateau. Papanin Ridge formed by plume‐ridge interaction and represents the northeastern continuation of the Shatsky plateau. Linking an intraplate hotspot track to the Shatsky plateau confirms the involvement of a mantle plume for its formation.
    Beschreibung: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Beschreibung: GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel
    Beschreibung: https://doi.org/10.26022/IEDA/111976
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551 ; ddc:552.2
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 21
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-25
    Beschreibung: The Miocene period saw substantially warmer Earth surface temperatures than today, particularly during a period of global warming called the Mid Miocene Climatic Optimum (MMCO; ∼17–15 Ma). However, the long‐term drivers of Miocene climate remain poorly understood. By using a new continuous climate‐biogeochemical model (SCION), we can investigate the interaction between volcanism, climate and biogeochemical cycles through the Miocene. We identify high tectonic CO2 degassing rates and further emissions associated with the emplacement of the Columbia River Basalt Group as the primary driver of the background warmth and the MMCO respectively. We also find that enhanced weathering of the basaltic terrane and input of explosive volcanic ash to the oceans are not sufficient to drive the immediate cooling following the MMCO and suggest that another mechanism, perhaps the change in ocean chemistry due to massive evaporite deposition, was responsible.
    Beschreibung: Plain Language Summary: The Miocene period was much warmer than today, with the Mid Miocene Climatic Optimum (MMCO, roughly 17–15 million years ago) especially warm. Due to the high surface temperatures, comparisons to projected climatic conditions as a result of anthropogenic climate change have been drawn. However, the drivers of climate during the Miocene are not well understood. By using a new type of climate model, we investigate the impact volcanic eruptions had on the period, and link the extreme warmth of the MMCO with greenhouse gas release from the eruption of the Columbia River Basalts Group (CRBG). We find weathering of the CRBG does not explain the cooling at the end of the MMCO, and so discuss other potential explanations such as evaporite deposition.
    Beschreibung: Key Points: A new climate‐biogeochemical model allows investigation of drivers of climate change in the Miocene. Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) degassing is sufficient to have caused the Mid Miocene Climatic Optimum (MMCO). Weathering of CRBG insufficient to drive cooling after the MMCO. This may be linked to evaporite deposition and changes to marine chemistry.
    Beschreibung: UK Natural Environment Research Council
    Beschreibung: French Research Agency (ANR)
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 22
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-28
    Beschreibung: Glacial landforms are abundant in the North Sea basin and are often used to reconstruct the impact and dynamics of ice sheets during the Pleistocene. Geophysical methods have allowed the mapping and structural analysis of glacial landforms at the surface and in the subsurface to estimate the position of former ice margins in the North Sea. However, the glacial history of the southeastern North Sea remains underexplored. In this study, we present a structural analysis of Late Pliocene to Late Pleistocene sediments based on a dense grid of 2D high‐resolution multi‐channel reflection seismic data from the German sector of the southeastern North Sea. We show that the Heligoland Glacitectonic Complex (HGC) is larger than previously assumed (700 km2, 32×22 km) and characterized by three distinct zones of thrusting and deformation on two décollements. The kinematic restoration of seismic cross‐sections and dip measurements of thrust faults demonstrate that the HGC was formed by an ice lobe advancing from the southeast. To explain the origin of the HGC, we provide alternative models for its formation during a single ice advance or two ice advances in the study area. Furthermore, we validate the early or pre‐Elsterian age of the HGC based on nearby Elsterian tunnel valleys, and conclude that salt structures in the subsurface may have influenced its location.
    Beschreibung: Schleswig‐Holstein Agency for Coastal Defence, National Park and Marine Conservation (LKN.SH) and the State Agency for Agriculture, Environment and Rural Areas of Schleswig‐Holstein (LLUR)
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 23
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-29
    Beschreibung: The Late Holocene marks a substantial cultural and economic transition in the eastern Eurasian Steppe and Altai Region with the dispersal of nomadic pastoralism. So far, paleoclimate conditions during this time remain unclear and controversial. Here, we present a high‐resolution 4.2 ka paleoclimate record from Lake Khar Nuur in the Mongolian Altai that is based on lake sediment proxies and biomarker compound‐specific δ2H analyses. Our results document increased aridity before ∼3.7 cal. ka BP, followed by two pronounced phases of warm and wet conditions from ∼3.5–2.8 to ∼2.3–1.5 cal. ka BP, and a strong increase in aridity since ∼1.5 cal. ka BP. Phases of warmer and wetter conditions coincide with a negative North Atlantic Oscillation, which has been responsible for advecting moisture into the region by more southerly‐displaced Westerlies and possibly favored the expansion of mobile nomadic pastoralism in the region.
    Beschreibung: Plain Language Summary: Nomadic pastoralism is the dominant subsistence practice in the eastern Eurasian Steppe and Altai Region since the Late Bronze Age. Whether this had climatic reasons is one of the most intriguing question, because former climatic conditions are poorly understood in this important but understudied region. To address this issue, we established a hydrological record for the last ∼4.2 ka from a high‐altitude lake in the Mongolian Altai. Our findings provide evidence of exceptionally warm and wet conditions from ∼3.5–2.8 and ∼2.3–1.5 cal. ka BP. Those favorable climate conditions likely favored productive grasslands and the widespread dispersal of nomadic pastoralism in the eastern Eurasian Steppe and Altai Region.
    Beschreibung: Key Points: A high‐resolution 4.2 ka paleoclimate record from Lake Khar Nuur in the Mongolian Altai, based on biomarker compound‐specific δ2H analyses. Our hydrological proxies record distinct changes in warm/wet and cold/dry conditions during the Late Holocene in the Altai Region: Pronounced warm/wet conditions from ∼3.5 to 2.8 cal. ka BP probably favored the widespread dispersal of nomadic pastoralism in the region.
    Beschreibung: Ernst Abbe Stiftung
    Beschreibung: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.936512
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 24
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-29
    Beschreibung: Although submarine landslides have been studied for decades, a persistent challenge is the integration of diverse geoscientific datasets to characterize failure processes. We present a core‐log‐seismic integration study of the Tuaheni Landslide Complex to investigate intact sediments beneath the undeformed seafloor as well as post‐failure landslide deposits. Beneath the undeformed seafloor are coherent reflections underlain by a weakly‐reflective and chaotic seismic unit. This chaotic unit is characterized by variable shear strength that correlates with density fluctuations. The basal shear zone of the Tuaheni landslide likely exploited one (or more) of the low shear strength intervals. Within the landslide deposits is a widespread “Intra‐debris Reflector”, previously interpreted as the landslide's basal shear zone. This reflector is a subtle impedance drop around the boundary between upper and lower landslide units. However, there is no pronounced shear strength change across this horizon. Rather, there is a pronounced reduction in shear strength ∼10–15 m above the Intra‐debris Reflector that presumably represents an induced weak layer that developed during failure. Free gas accumulates beneath some regions of the landslide and is widespread deeper in the sedimentary sequence, suggesting that free gas may have played a role in pre‐conditioning the slope to failure. Additional pre‐conditioning or failure triggers could have been seismic shaking and associated transient fluid pressure. Our study underscores the importance of detailed core‐log‐seismic integration approaches for investigating basal shear zone development in submarine landslides.
    Beschreibung: Plain Language Summary: Submarine landslides move enormous amounts of sediment across the seafloor and have the potential to generate damaging tsunamis. To understand how submarine landslides develop, we need to be able to image and sample beneath the seafloor in regions where landslides have occurred. To image beneath the seafloor we generate sound waves in the ocean and record reflections from those waves, enabling us to produce “seismic images” of sediment layers and structures beneath the seafloor. We then use scientific drilling to sample the sediment layers and measure physical properties. In this study, we combine seismic images and drilling results to investigate a submarine landslide east of New Zealand's North Island. Drilling next to the landslide revealed a ∼25 m‐thick layer of sediment (from ∼75–95 m below the seafloor) that has strong variations in sediment strength and density. We infer that intervals of relatively low strength within this layer developed into the main sliding surface of the landslide. Additionally, results from within the landslide suggest that the process of landslide emplacement has induced a zone of weak sediments closer to the seafloor. Our study demonstrates how combining seismic images and drilling data helps to understand submarine landslide processes.
    Beschreibung: Key Points: We integrate scientific drilling data with seismic reflection data to investigate the submarine Tuaheni Landslide Complex. Basal shear zone of the landslide likely exploited a relatively low shear strength interval within an older (buried) mass transport deposit. Landslide emplacement seems to have induced an additional weak zone that is shallower than the interpreted base of the landslide deposit.
    Beschreibung: Marsden Fund (Royal Society of New Zealand Marsden Fund) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100009193
    Beschreibung: European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling
    Beschreibung: International Ocean Drilling Program, Science Support Program
    Beschreibung: New Zealand Ministry for Business Innovation and Employment
    Beschreibung: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Beschreibung: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.928073
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:622.15 ; ddc:551
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
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  • 25
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-12-05
    Beschreibung: To explore the dynamic mechanism of continental rifting within a convergent setting, we determine the first P wave radial anisotropic tomography beneath the Woodlark rift in southeastern Papua New Guinea, which develops within the obliquely colliding zone between the Australian and southwest Pacific plates. The rift zone is depicted as localized low‐velocity anomalies with positive radial anisotropy, which rules out a dominant role of active mantle upwelling in promoting the rift development and favors passive rifting with decompression melting as main processes. Downwelling slab relics in the upper mantle bounding the rift zone are revealed based on observed high‐velocity anomalies and negative radial anisotropy, which may contribute to the ultra‐high pressure rock exhumations and rift initiation. Our observations thus indicate that the Woodlark rift follows a passive model and is mainly driven by slab pull from the northward subduction of the Solomon plate.
    Beschreibung: Plain Language Summary: The Woodlark rift in Papua New Guinea develops within the shear zone between the Australian and southwest Pacific plates and is one of the youngest and most rapidly extending continental rifts in the world. In this work, we analyze teleseismic P wave arrivals to study both 3‐D velocity and radial anisotropy structures of the upper mantle, offering new evidence to understand rift initiation under a generally convergent setting. Slab remnants in the upper mantle bordering the rift zone are detected and sinking into the deeper mantle. Downwelling of these slab segments may induce small scale return flows in the mantle and contribute to exhumation of the ultra‐high pressure rocks and rift development. Significant low‐velocity anomalies are revealed beneath the rift zone and have consistently positive radial anisotropy, which indicates a dominant strain in the horizontal plane and supports a passive rifting model, where mantle material is brought to shallower depths simply as a result of the extension of the lithosphere and melt is produced due to the lowered melting point at reduced pressure (decompression melting). Tensional stresses transferred from slab pull of the northward Solomon subduction are probably driving the rifting.
    Beschreibung: Key Points: P wave radial anisotropic structure beneath the young and highly extended Woodlark rift is constrained from teleseismic tomography. Downwelling of slab relics bordering the rift zone may contribute to ultra‐high pressure rock exhumation and rift development. Slab‐pull drives rift initiation and induces decompression melting in the upper mantle under the rift zone by horizontal stress transfer.
    Beschreibung: National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809
    Beschreibung: National Science Foundation (NSF) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
    Beschreibung: MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001691
    Beschreibung: Alexander von Humboldt‐Stiftung (Humboldt‐Stiftung) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100005156
    Beschreibung: https://doi.org/10.7914/SN/XD_1999
    Beschreibung: https://doi.org/10.7914/SN/ZN_2010
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551 ; Woodlark rift ; radial anisotropy ; decompression melting ; slab‐pull ; slab downwelling ; ultra‐high pressure rock
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 26
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-12-05
    Beschreibung: Data from profiling floats in the Black Sea revealed complex temporal and spatial relationships between physical variables and oxygen, chlorophyll and the backscattering coefficient at 700 nm, as well as some limits in understanding the details of biogeochemistry dynamics. To account for different interdependences between physical and biogeochemical properties, a feedforward backpropagation neural network (NN) was used. This NN learns from data recorded by profiling floats and predicts biogeochemical states using physical measurements only. The performance was very high, particularly for oxygen, but it decreased when the NN was applied to older data because the interrelationships between the physical and biogeochemical properties have changed recently. The biogeochemical states reconstructed by the NN using physical data produced by a coupled physical–biogeochemical operational model were better than the biogeochemical outputs of the same coupled model. Therefore, the use of data from profiling floats, physical properties from numerical models and NNs appears to be a powerful approach for reconstructing the 4D dynamics of the euphotic zone. Basin‐wide patterns and temporal variabilities in oxygen, backscattering coefficient and chlorophyll were also analyzed. Of particular interest is the reconstruction of short‐lived biogeochemical features, particularly in coastal anticyclone areas, which are difficult to observe with available floats at the basin scale.
    Beschreibung: Plain Language Summary: This study addresses the biogeochemical dynamics of the euphotic layer in the Black Sea. Observations are provided from profiling floats, and the observed biogeochemical parameters include oxygen, the backscattering coefficient at 700 nm and chlorophyll‐a. Data analysis showed complex temporal and spatial relationships between physical and biogeochemical variables and some limits in understanding the details of biogeochemical dynamics. A feedforward backpropagation neural network was developed, which can be considered an input–output mapping in which the neurons combine the input data in such a way that the output can be considered a nonlinear combination of input data. When applied to older data, the reconstruction performance decreases, suggesting a change in the dependency of biogeochemical characteristics on physical drivers caused by known climate change. A comparison with simulations from a coupled operational biogeochemical model shows that the neural network outperforms the numerical model. The newly proposed method, combining data from profiling floats, physical properties from numerical models and a backpropagation neural network, allows us to reconstruct the 4D dynamics of the euphotic layer over the period 2013–2020.
    Beschreibung: Key Points: Machine learning helps identify fundamental biogeochemical mechanisms in the Black Sea. A feedforward backpropagation neural network performs better than a coupled physical‐biogeochemical model. Data from profiling floats, physical data from numerical models and machine learning enabled the analysis of 4D biogeochemical dynamics.
    Beschreibung: MASRI
    Beschreibung: National Roadmap for Scientific Infrastructure
    Beschreibung: European Horizon 2020 project DOORS
    Beschreibung: https://resources.marine.copernicus.eu/product-detail/BLKSEA_MULTIYEAR_PHY_007_004/INFORMATION
    Beschreibung: https://resources.marine.copernicus.eu/product-detail/BLKSEA_REANALYSIS_BIO_007_005/INFORMATION
    Beschreibung: http://www.coriolis.eu.org/Data-Products/Data-selection
    Beschreibung: https://zenodo.org/record/6860705
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551 ; biogeochemistry ; neural networks ; profiling floats ; euphotic zone
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
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  • 27
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-12-07
    Beschreibung: Future precipitation levels remain uncertain because climate models have struggled to reproduce observed variations in temperature‐precipitation correlations. Our analyses of Holocene proxy‐based temperature‐precipitation correlations and hydrological sensitivities from 2,237 Northern Hemisphere extratropical pollen records reveal a significant latitudinal dependence and temporal variations among the early, middle, and late Holocene. These proxy‐based variations are largely consistent with patterns obtained from transient climate simulations (TraCE21k). While high latitudes and subtropical monsoon areas show mainly stable positive correlations throughout the Holocene, the mid‐latitude pattern is temporally and spatially more variable. In particular, we identified a reversal from positive to negative temperature‐precipitation correlations in the eastern North American and European mid‐latitudes from the early to mid‐Holocene that mainly related to slowed down westerlies and a switch to moisture‐limited convection under a warm climate. Our palaeoevidence of past temperature‐precipitation correlation shifts identifies those regions where simulating past and future precipitation levels might be particularly challenging.
    Beschreibung: Plain Language Summary: Predicting future precipitation levels reliably is more challenging than predicting temperature change. Accordingly, we need to understand the relationship between temperature and precipitation and its changes in space and time. We used climate proxy‐data derived from 2,237 pollen records from lake sediments and peats from the Northern Hemisphere extratropics for the early, middle, and late Holocene (i.e., 12,000–8,000, 8,000–4,000, 4,000–0 years before present, respectively). Our results reveal a significant latitudinal dependence and temporal variation of the temperature‐precipitation relationship. These proxy‐based variations are largely consistent with patterns obtained from simulations using climate models. While high latitudes and subtropical monsoon areas show mainly stable positive correlations throughout the Holocene (i.e., warm conditions co‐occur with wet conditions), the mid‐latitude pattern is temporally and spatially more variable. In particular, we identified a reversal to negative temperature‐precipitation correlations in the eastern North American and European mid‐latitudes from the early to middle Holocene. We hypothesize that weak westerly circulation, warm climate, and climate‐soil feedbacks limited evaporation and as such reduced convection during the middle Holocene which led to a negative relationship between temperature and precipitation. Our analysis of past temperature‐precipitation correlation shifts identifies regions where past changes in the temperature‐precipitation relationships are variable and thus where predicting precipitation might be particularly challenging in a warming climate.
    Beschreibung: Key Points: We analyzed Holocene temperature‐precipitation correlations and hydrological sensitivities using climate proxy (pollen) and model data from Northern Hemisphere extratropics. We found reversals to negative temperature‐precipitation correlations from the cold early Holocene to the warm mid‐Holocene likely related to moisture‐limited convection. Correlations and hydrological sensitivities were mostly stable positive in polar and extratropical monsoon‐areas.
    Beschreibung: EC European Research Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000781
    Beschreibung: PALMOD
    Beschreibung: China Scholarship Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004543
    Beschreibung: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.930512
    Beschreibung: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5910989
    Beschreibung: https://zenodo.org/record/7038402%23.YxBL1uzP3V8
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551 ; ddc:561 ; Holocene ; pollen ; Northern Hemisphere ; temperature-precipation correlations
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
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  • 28
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-12-07
    Beschreibung: The characterization of the karst conduit network is an essential task to understand the complex flow system within karst aquifers. However, this task is challenging and often associated with uncertainty. Equivalent porous media approaches for modeling flow in karst aquifers fall short of capturing the hydraulic effect of individual karst features, while process‐oriented karst evolution models imply major computational efforts. In this study, we apply the Stochastic Karst Simulator (SKS) developed by Borghi et al. (2012) to generate karst conduit networks at a regional scale of a highly karstified carbonate aquifer located in the Eastern Mediterranean region and extensively used for water supply. The SKS generates conduit network geometries reasonably quick, using a mathematical proxy that mimics conduit evolution. The conduit simulation is based on a conceptual model of the genesis of the aquifer, consisting of different karstification phases. The stochastic approach of the algorithm enables us to generate an ensemble of conduit network realizations and to represent the uncertainties of these simulations in a Karst Probability Map. With only soft input information to constrain conduit evolution, multiple equivalent realizations yield similar resulting network geometries, indicating a robust approach. The presented methodology is numerically efficient, and its input can be easily adjusted. Subsequently, the resulting stochastic spatial distribution of conductivities can be employed for the parametrization of regional karst groundwater models.
    Beschreibung: Key Points: We statistically generate multiple sets of karst conduit network geometries using input data based on soft information. The resulting Karst Probability Map accounts for uncertainty in the spatial distribution of the karst conduit network. Our approach can assist in the integration of soft information into the parametrization of karst groundwater models.
    Beschreibung: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Beschreibung: https://doi.org/10.14279/depositonce-16021
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551 ; karst conduit modeling ; stochastic modeling ; structural uncertainty ; karst probability mapping ; groundwater modeling
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
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  • 29
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-12-06
    Beschreibung: Molecular‐biological data and omics tools have increasingly been used to characterize microorganisms responsible for the turnover of reactive compounds in the environment, such as reactive‐nitrogen species in groundwater. While transcripts of functional genes and enzymes are used as measures of microbial activity, it is not yet clear how they are quantitatively related to actual turnover rates under variable environmental conditions. As an example application, we consider the interface between rivers and groundwater which has been identified as a key driver for the turnover of reactive‐nitrogen compounds, that cause eutrophication of rivers and endanger drinking water production from groundwater. In the absence of measured data, we developed a reactive‐transport model for denitrification that simultaneously predicts the distributions of functional‐gene transcripts, enzymes, and reaction rates. Applying the model, we evaluate the response of transcripts and enzymes at the river‐groundwater interface to stable and dynamic hydrogeochemical regimes. While functional‐gene transcripts respond to short‐term (diurnal) fluctuations of substrate availability and oxygen concentrations, enzyme concentrations are stable over such time scales. The presence of functional‐gene transcripts and enzymes globally coincides with the zones of active denitrification. However, transcript and enzyme concentrations do not directly translate into denitrification rates in a quantitative way because of nonlinear effects and hysteresis caused by variable substrate availability and oxygen inhibition. Based on our simulations, we suggest that molecular‐biological data should be combined with aqueous geochemical data, which can typically be obtained at higher spatial and temporal resolution, to parameterize and calibrate reactive‐transport models.
    Beschreibung: Plain Language Summary: Molecular‐biological tools can detect how many enzymes, functional genes, and gene transcripts (i.e., precursors of enzyme production) associated with a microbial reaction exist in a sample from the environment. Although these measurements contain valuable information about the number of bacteria and how active they are, they do not directly say how quickly a contaminant like nitrate disappears. Nitrate, from agriculture and other sources, threatens groundwater quality and drinking water production. In the process of denitrification, bacteria can remove nitrate by converting it into harmless nitrogen gas using specialized enzymes. The interface between rivers and groundwater is known as a place where denitrification takes place. In this study, we use a computational model to simulate the coupled dynamics of denitrification, bacteria, transcripts, and enzymes when nitrate‐rich groundwater interacts with a nearby river. The simulations yield complex and nonunique relationships between the denitrification rates and the molecular‐biological variables. While functional‐gene transcripts respond to daily fluctuations of environmental conditions, enzyme concentrations and genes are stable over such time scales. High levels of functional‐gene transcripts therefore provide a good qualitative indicator of reactive zones. Quantitative predictions of nitrate turnover, however, will require high‐resolution measurements of the reacting compounds, genes, and transcripts.
    Beschreibung: Key Points: We simulate the distributions of functional‐gene transcripts and enzymes related to denitrification at the river‐groundwater interface. Functional‐gene transcripts respond quickly to diurnal fluctuations of substrate and oxygen concentrations. Substrate limitation and oxygen inhibition impede the direct prediction of denitrification rates from transcript or enzyme concentrations.
    Beschreibung: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Beschreibung: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6584591
    Beschreibung: https://gitlab.com/astoeriko/nitrogene
    Beschreibung: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6584641
    Beschreibung: https://gitlab.com/astoeriko/adrpy
    Beschreibung: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5213947
    Beschreibung: https://github.com/aseyboldt/sunode
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551 ; reactive‐transport modeling ; denitrification ; groundwater‐river interface ; functional genes ; transcripts ; molecular biology
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
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  • 30
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-12-10
    Beschreibung: Understanding the temporal variability of plate tectonics is key to unraveling how mantle convection transports heat, and one critical factor for the formation and evolution of plate boundaries is rheological “memory,” that is, the persistence of weak zones. Here, we analyze the impact of such damage memory in global, oceanic‐lithosphere‐only models of visco‐plastic mantle convection. Self‐consistently‐formed weak zones are found to be reactivated in distinct ways, and convection preferentially selects such damaged zones for new plate boundaries. Reactivation of damage zones increases the frequency of plate reorganizations, and hence reduces the dominant periods of surface heat loss. The inheritance of distributed lithospheric damage thus dominates global surface dynamics over any local boundary stabilizing effects of weakening. In nature, progressive generation of weak zones may thus counteract and perhaps overcome any effects of reduced convective vigor throughout planetary cooling, with implications for the frequency of orogeny and convective transport throughout Wilson cycles.
    Beschreibung: Plain Language Summary: Understanding how and why the motion of the lithosphere changes over time is important since this is telling us how planets with a plate tectonic style of heat transport evolve by thermo‐chemical mantle convection. One important factor for the evolution of plate boundaries is hysteresis, that is, memory of past deformation. Inherited weak zones, such as sutures, and progressive weakening are well documented in the geological record. Convection with damage shows dynamical behavior that is different from pure plastic failure without memory, or homogenous lithosphere that is being newly broken. We analyze the impact of damage with global, oceanic‐lithosphere‐only models of plate‐like mantle convection. Weak zones that are formed in an initially homogenous material are found to be reactivated subsequently in distinct ways. Within our tectonic system model, convection preferentially selects pre‐damaged zones for new, active plate boundaries. This reactivation increases the frequency of plate reorganizations compared to models without damage, and also changes the time‐dependence of cyclic surface heat loss. In nature, the progressive generation of weak zones over planetary history may counteract and perhaps overcome any effects of reduced convective vigor during cooling. This has implications for the frequency of mountain building and understanding Wilson cycles.
    Beschreibung: Key Points: Results from global, plate‐generating convection models with damage. Self‐consistently formed persistent weak zones lead to more frequent plate reorganizations. Accumulation of weak zones might counteract decrease in convective vigor for tectonic variability.
    Beschreibung: NSF EAR
    Beschreibung: Division of Earth Sciences http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000160
    Beschreibung: https://geodynamics.org/resources/citcoms
    Beschreibung: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6546322
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551 ; plate tectonics ; visco-plastic convection models
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
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  • 31
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-12-10
    Beschreibung: Deception Island is one of the most active and best‐documented volcanoes in Antarctica. Since its last eruption in 1970, several geophysical surveys have targeted reconstructing its magmatic systems. However, geophysics fails to reconstruct the pathways magma and fluids follow from depth to erupt at the surface. Here, novel data selection strategies and multi‐frequency absorption inversions have been framed in a Geographical Information System, using all available geological (vents and faults distribution), geochemical and geophysical knowledge of the volcano. The result is the detection of these eruptive pathways. The model offers the first image of the magma and associated fluids pathways feed the 1967, 1969, and 1970 eruptions. Results suggest that future ascending paths might lead to active research bases and zones of planned helicopter rescue. The connection between seismic absorption, temperature, and fluid content makes it a promising attribute for detecting and monitoring eruptions at active calderas.
    Beschreibung: Plain Language Summary: Deception Island is the gateway for tourists to Antarctica and a laboratory to understand ice‐capped volcanoes and their eruptions. While the Island has been the target of many geophysical studies, no clear tomographic model shows how deep eruptive pathways of its last eruptions have reached the surface in the 1960s and 1970s. This is a recurrent topic in volcano geophysics: dikes and fluid migrations develop across structures considered too small to be detected by tomographic techniques. This paper demonstrates that seismic absorption has sufficient sensitivity to temperature and fluid content to detect these pathways. Once integrated within a Geographical Information System with all the information we have on the volcano, the models resolve the feeding systems of these eruptions, from a tectonically deformed deep magma chamber to shallow cold dyke intrusions and fluid migrations still feeding the volcano today. The correlation between seismic absorption, temperature, and fluid content offers a new tool for detecting and monitoring shallow volcanic hazards.
    Beschreibung: Key Points: High absorption detects deep eruptive pathways from the caldera center to its rim. Absorption imaging reconstructs shallow pathways of hazardous materials. Seismic absorption is sensitive to thermal anomalies at depth.
    Beschreibung: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6561124
    Beschreibung: https://zenodo.org/badge/latestdoi/493744216
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551 ; seismic absorption ; seismic tomography ; Deception Island ; Volcanology ; remote sensing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
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  • 32
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-12-10
    Beschreibung: Faults and fractures can be permeable pathways for focused fluid flow in structurally controlled ore‐forming hydrothermal systems. However, quantifying their role in fluid flow on the scale of several kilometers with numerical models typically requires high‐resolution meshes. This study introduces a modified numerical representation of m‐scale fault zones using lower‐dimensional elements (here, one‐dimensional [1D] elements in a 2D domain) to resolve structurally controlled fluid flow with coarser mesh resolutions and apply the method to magmatic‐hydrothermal ore‐forming systems. We modeled horizontal and vertical structure‐controlled magmatic‐hydrothermal deposits to understand the role of permeability and structure connectivity on ore deposition. The simulation results of vertically extended porphyry copper systems show that ore deposition can occur along permeable vertical structures where ascending, overpressured magmatic fluids are cooled by downflowing ambient fluids. Structure permeability and fault location control the distribution of ore grades. In highly permeable structures, the mineralization can span up to 3 km vertically, resulting in heat‐pipe mechanisms that promote the ascent of a magmatic vapor phase to an overlying structurally controlled epithermal system. Simulations for the formation of subhorizontal vein‐type deposits suggest that the major control on fluid flow and metal deposition along horizontal structures is the absence of vertical structures above the injection location but their presence at greater distances. Using a dynamic permeability model mimicking crack‐seal mechanisms within the structures leads to a pulsating behavior of fracture‐controlled hydrothermal systems and prevents the inflow of ambient fluids under overpressured conditions.
    Beschreibung: Plain Language Summary: Faults and fractures can serve as permeable pathways for focused fluid flow in the subsurface and therefore be essential geological features for the formation of economic mineral deposits. However, quantifying their role in the hydrothermal systems on the scale of several kilometers with numerical models typically requires high‐resolution meshes. This study presents a modified numerical representation of m‐scale fault zones with variable orientations to understand the hydrology of magmatic‐hydrothermal ore‐forming systems. The vertically extended systems simulation results show that ore deposition can occur along permeable vertical structures where ascending magmatic fluids are cooled by downflowing ambient fluids. Structure permeability and fault location can directly control the distribution of ore grades. In contrast, mineralization in horizontal structures requires the absence of vertical structures above the injection location of metal‐bearing magmatic volatiles but their presence at greater distances. Our model also shows how dynamic opening and closing of the structures in response to magmatic degassing can lead to a pulsating behavior and prevent the downflow of ambient fluids.
    Beschreibung: Key Points: We describe structurally controlled fluid flow by representing faults and fractures as one‐dimensional line elements within a 2D modeling domain. Vertical structures are efficient pathways for focused fluid flow and formation of high‐grade mineralization. Ore formation in horizontal fractures requires a hydraulic connection to distal vertical fault zones.
    Beschreibung: German Federal Ministry of Education and Research
    Beschreibung: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Beschreibung: Helmholtz Recruitment Initiative
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551 ; magmatic‐hydrothermal systems ; ore deposits ; fluid flow ; numerical simulations ; faults and fractures
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
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  • 33
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-06-26
    Beschreibung: Physical weathering in cold, steep bedrock hillslopes occurs at rates that are thought to depend on temperature, but our ability to quantify the temperature‐dependence of erosion remains limited when integrating over geomorphic timescales. Here, we present results from a 1D numerical model of in‐situ cosmogenic 10Be, 14C, and 3He concentrations that evolve as a function of erosion rate, erosion style, and ground surface temperature. We used the model to explore the suitability of these nuclides for quantifying erosion rates in areas undergoing non‐steady state erosion, as well as the relationship between bedrock temperature, erosion rate, and erosional stochasticity. Our results suggest that even in stochastically eroding settings, 10Be‐derived erosion rates of amalgamated samples can be used to estimate long‐term erosion rates, but infrequent large events can lead to bias. The ratio of 14C to 10Be can be used to evaluate erosional stochasticity, and to determine the offset between an apparent 10Be‐derived erosion rate and the long‐term rate. Finally, the concentration of 3He relative to that of 10Be, and the paleothermometric interpretations derived from it, are unaffected by erosional stochasticity. These findings, discussed in the context of bedrock hillslopes in mountainous regions, indicate that the 10Be‐14C‐3He system in quartz offers a method to evaluate the temperature‐sensitivity of bedrock erosion rates in cold, high‐alpine environments.
    Beschreibung: Plain Language Summary: All mountains erode, but not all mountains erode in the same way and at the same rate. In cold mountainous landscapes, temperature is thought to be an important control on erosion. Previous research suggests that rocks fracture by frost most effectively at temperatures between −3°C and −8°C, and that the warming and thawing of permanently frozen ground (permafrost) destabilizes hillslopes and leads to more and larger rockfalls. However, our ability to test these hypotheses is limited, due to difficulties in measuring or estimating erosion rates and linking them with the temperatures that rocks experience. In this paper we present the results of a computer modeling study that tests the suitability of geochemical tools as measures of erosion rate, erosion style, and long‐term bedrock temperature. We find that these geochemical tracers, called cosmogenic nuclides, can be used to determine erosion rates, even in places that are prone to rare rockfalls, together with the long‐term bedrock temperature. They are therefore uniquely suitable for evaluating the link between temperatures and erosion rates in cold bedrock hillslopes over long timescales.
    Beschreibung: Key Points: Cosmogenic 10Be, 14C, and 3He is used to determine erosion rates, erosion styles, and bedrock temperatures in cold regions. 14C/10Be ratios of surface samples reflect the depth at which material was previously eroded, allowing for determination of erosion style. 14C/10Be ratios combined with 10Be‐derived erosion rates improve erosion rate estimates in stochastically eroding environments.
    Beschreibung: European Research Council Horizon 2020
    Beschreibung: https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.3.3.2022.001
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
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  • 34
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-06-24
    Beschreibung: We investigate the chemical budget of subduction zones at sub‐solidus conditions using a thermodynamic‐numerical simulation in which all major rock components are treated as soluble and potentially mobile in aqueous fluids. This new strategy significantly improves the accuracy of predicted fluid‐rock equilibrium compositions in open petrological systems. We show that all slabs release volatiles and nonvolatiles to the mantle wedge, contributing to its refertilization. But some mobile constituents, such as alkali and alumina, may be trapped along layer boundaries or traverse without interaction depending on chemical contrasts between adjacent lithologies. The accumulation of igneous alumina and silica in the limestones of the central‐eastern Pacific slabs drives their decarbonation and is marked by metasomatic garnet growth. Those slabs are also predicted to lose much of their alkalis before sub‐arc depth. Even when they are produced in the altered mafic and ultramafic layers, fluids reach the slab/mantle wedge interface with distinct compositional signatures that are typical of the sedimentary cover. We distinguished supply and transport limited regimes of element subduction by testing the sensitivity of our mass balance to changes in slab hydration state (HS). Transport limited slabs sensitive to HS include notably a hotspot of carbon release to the mantle wedge (e.g., Costa Rica). Finally, we show that the quantitative budgets do depend on the geometry of fluid flows, and on assuming that slabs are mechanically continuous structures, which is questionable. Taken together, these insights will help better constrain the long‐term chemical evolution of the shallow planetary interior, and the thermomechanical behavior of the subduction interface.
    Beschreibung: Plain Language Summary: Subduction zones return chemical elements from the surface to the deep Earth. But quantifying this transfer has been challenging. Here, we present a model where all major elements are partly mobile in the fluid phase, enabling us to compile a chemical budget for subduction zones in which only fluids mediate mass transport. We identify transport and supply regimes of element subduction as a function of lithospheric hydration state, rock compositions, and slab temperature. We show that the transport of many rock‐forming elements such as SiO2, CaO, and Al2O3, within and out of the slab, modifies rock composition and contributes to the efficiency of slab decarbonation. Our model of subduction fluid and rock compositions has important implications to understand the role of slab‐derived metasomatic fluid in modifying the composition of the mantle wedge over time, the mechanical properties of deeply subducted rocks, and it will inform future investigations for the high‐pressure petrology of rocky planets in general.
    Beschreibung: Key Points. Inter dependence of element transfers in subduction zones. Thermodynamics of intra‐slab metasomatism of major elements. Transport‐ and supply limited regimes of carbonate subduction.
    Beschreibung: Alexander von Humboldt‐Stiftung (Humboldt‐Stiftung) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100005156
    Beschreibung: Branco Weiss Fellowship—Society in Science
    Beschreibung: Swiss National Science Foundation
    Beschreibung: https://osf.io/y84d2/
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
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  • 35
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-06-22
    Beschreibung: Oceanic transform faults (OTFs) are an inherent part of seafloor spreading and plate tectonics, whereas the process controlling their morphology remains enigmatic. Here, we systematically quantify variations in transform morphology and their dependence on spreading rate and age‐offset, based on a compilation of shipborne bathymetric data from 94 OTFs at ultraslow‐ to intermediate‐spreading ridges. In general, the length, width and depth of OTFs scale systematically better with age‐offset rather than spreading rate. This observation supports recent geodynamic models proposing that cross‐transform extension scaling with age‐offset, is a key process of transform dynamics. On the global scale, OTFs with larger age‐offsets tend to have longer, wider, and deeper valleys. However, at small age‐offsets (〈5 Myr), scatters in the depth and width of OTFs increase, indicating that small age‐offset OTFs with weak lithospheric strength are easily affected by secondary tectonic processes.
    Beschreibung: Plain Language Summary: In the past 5 decades, studies on oceanic transform faults (OTFs) have revealed significant complexity in their morphology, which calls for detailed quantitative analysis to study the processes controlling the morphology of OTFs. Using the most complete and advanced compilation of bathymetric data from ultraslow‐ to intermediate‐spreading ridges, we parameterized the morphological characteristics of OTFs and extracted length, width and depth for each transform fault from the compiled bathymetric data. Moreover, correlations between these morphological parameters and related tectonic factors (e.g., spreading rate, age‐offset) were investigated in this study. We find that correlations between morphological features and spreading rate are rather weak. Comparison of correlations suggests that age‐offset scales better with the morphological parameters, along with scatters mostly at small age‐offsets, indicating small‐age‐offset OTFs are unstable due to their weak lithospheric strength. Our observation evidences extensional tectonics at OTFs.
    Beschreibung: Key Points: We compiled multibeam bathymetric data of 94 oceanic transform faults (OTFs) to quantify their morphological characteristics. Morphology of OTFs is dominated by age‐offset rather than spreading rate. Transform valleys get systematically deeper and wider with increasing age‐offset, implying extensional tectonics at OTFs.
    Beschreibung: China Scholarship Council
    Beschreibung: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4774185
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
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  • 36
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-09-29
    Beschreibung: Megathrust earthquakes impose changes of differential stress and pore pressure in the lithosphere‐asthenosphere system that are transiently relaxed during the postseismic period primarily due to afterslip, viscoelastic and poroelastic processes. Especially during the early postseismic phase, however, the relative contribution of these processes to the observed surface deformation is unclear. To investigate this, we use geodetic data collected in the first 48 days following the 2010 Maule earthquake and a poro‐viscoelastic forward model combined with an afterslip inversion. This model approach fits the geodetic data 14% better than a pure elastic model. Particularly near the region of maximum coseismic slip, the predicted surface poroelastic uplift pattern explains well the observations. If poroelasticity is neglected, the spatial afterslip distribution is locally altered by up to ±40%. Moreover, we find that shallow crustal aftershocks mostly occur in regions of increased postseismic pore‐pressure changes, indicating that both processes might be mechanically coupled.
    Beschreibung: Plain Language Summary: Large earthquakes modify the state of stress and pore pressure in the upper crust and mantle. These changes induce stress relaxation processes and pore pressure diffusion in the postseismic phase. The two main stress relaxation processes are postseismic slip along the rupture plane of the earthquake and viscoelastic deformation in the rock volume. These processes decay with time, but can sustain over several years or decades, respectively. The other process that results in volumetric crustal deformation is poroelasticity due to pore pressure diffusion, which has not been investigated in detail. Using postseismic surface displacement data acquired by radar satellites after the 2010 Maule earthquake, we show that poroelastic deformation may considerably affect the vertical component of the observed geodetic signal during the first months. Poroelastic deformation also has an impact on the estimation of the postseismic slip, which in turn affects the energy stored at the fault plane that is available for the next event. In addition, shallow aftershocks within the continental crust show a good, positive spatial correlation with regions of increased postseismic pore‐pressure changes, suggesting they are linked. These findings are thus important to assess the potential seismic hazard of the segment.
    Beschreibung: Key Points: A poro‐viscoelastic deformation model improves the geodetic data misfit by 14% compared to an elastic model that only accounts for afterslip. Poroelastic deformation mainly produces surface uplift and landward displacement patterns on the coastal forearc region. Neglecting poroelastic effects may locally alter the afterslip amplitude by up to ±40% near the region of maximum coseismic slip.
    Beschreibung: Helmholtz Association (亥姆霍兹联合会致力) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100009318
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
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  • 37
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-04
    Beschreibung: Climate change affects the stability and erosion of high‐alpine rock walls above glaciers (headwalls) that deliver debris to glacier surfaces. Since supraglacial debris in the ablation zone alters the melt behaviour of the underlying ice, the responses of debris‐covered glaciers and of headwalls to climate change may be coupled. In this study, we analyse the beryllium‐10 (10Be)‐cosmogenic nuclide concentration history of glacial headwalls delivering debris to the Glacier d'Otemma in Switzerland. By systematic downglacier‐profile‐sampling of two parallel medial moraines, we assess changes in headwall erosion through time for small, well‐defined debris source areas. We compute apparent headwall erosion rates from 10Be concentrations ([10Be]), measured in 15 amalgamated medial moraine debris samples. To estimate both the additional 10Be production during glacial debris transport and the age of our samples we combine our field‐based data with a simple model that simulates downglacier debris trajectories. Furthermore, we evaluate additional grain size fractions for eight samples to test for stochastic mass wasting effects on [10Be]. Our results indicate that [10Be] along the medial moraines vary systematically with time and consistently for different grain sizes. [10Be] are higher for older debris, closer to the glacier terminus, and lower for younger debris, closer to the glacier head. Computed apparent headwall erosion rates vary between ~0.6 and 10.8 mm yr−1, increasing over a maximum time span of ~200 years towards the present. As ice cover retreats, newly exposed headwall surfaces may become susceptible to enhanced weathering and erosion, expand to lower elevations, and contribute formerly shielded bedrock of likely different [10Be]. Hence, we suggest that recently lower [10Be] reflect the deglaciation of the debris source areas since the end of the Little Ice Age.
    Beschreibung: In glacial landscapes, systematic downglacier‐sampling of medial moraine debris holds the potential to assess changes in headwall erosion through time. Cosmogenic beryllium‐10 (10Be) concentrations within the medial moraines of Glacier d'Otemma, Switzerland, broadly increase downglacier and translate into increasing headwall erosion rates towards the present. These trends may reflect processes associated with the exposure of new bedrock surfaces across recently deglaciating source headwalls.
    Beschreibung: European Research Council (ERC) H2020‐EU.1.1.
    Beschreibung: https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.3.3.2021.007
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
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  • 38
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-04
    Beschreibung: Greenhouse gas fluxes (CO2, CH4, and N2O) from African streams and rivers are under‐represented in global datasets, resulting in uncertainties in their contributions to regional and global budgets. We conducted year‐long sampling of 59 sites in a nested‐catchment design in the Mara River, Kenya in which fluxes were quantified and their underlying controls assessed. We estimated annual basin‐scale greenhouse gas emissions from measured in‐stream gas concentrations, modeled gas transfer velocities, and determined the sensitivity of up‐scaling to discharge. Based on the total annual CO2‐equivalent emissions calculated from global warming potentials (GWP), the Mara basin was a net greenhouse gas source (294 ± 35 Gg CO2 eq yr−1). Lower‐order streams (1–3) contributed 81% of the total fluxes, and higher stream orders (4–8) contributed 19%. Cropland‐draining streams also exhibited higher fluxes compared to forested streams. Seasonality in stream discharge affected stream widths (and stream area) and gas exchange rates, strongly influencing the basin‐wide annual flux, which was 10 times higher during the high and medium discharge periods than the low discharge period. The basin‐wide estimate was underestimated by up to 36% if discharge was ignored, and up to 37% for lower stream orders. Future research should therefore include seasonality in stream surface areas in upscaling procedures to better constrain basin‐wide fluxes. Given that agricultural activities are a major factor increasing riverine greenhouse gas fluxes in the study region, increased conversion of forests and agricultural intensification has the possibility of increasing the contribution of the African continent to global greenhouse gas sources.
    Beschreibung: Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001655
    Beschreibung: IHE Delft Institute for Water Education
    Beschreibung: Federal Ministry of Education and Research http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347
    Beschreibung: Helmholtz Association http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100009318
    Beschreibung: TERENO Bavarian Alps/ Pre‐Alps Observatory
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 39
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-04
    Beschreibung: Changes to the carbon content of the deep ocean, the largest reservoir in the surficial carbon cycle, are capable of altering atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and thereby Earth's climate. While the role of the deep ocean's carbon inventory in the last ice age has been thoroughly investigated, comparatively little is known about whether the deep ocean contributed to the change in the pacing and intensity of ice ages around 1 million years ago during the Mid‐Pleistocene Transition (MPT). Qin et al. (2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL097121) provide new reconstructions of deep ocean carbonate ion saturation, a proxy for carbon content, from the deep Pacific Ocean across the MPT. Intriguingly, their results show that a reduction in deep Pacific carbonate ion saturation across the MPT occurred at different intervals from carbonate ion saturation decline in the deep Atlantic Ocean. These results suggest a more nuanced contribution of whole‐ocean carbon sequestration to the climate changes reconstructed across the MPT.
    Beschreibung: Plain Language Summary: Earth's periodic ice ages became longer and more intense around 1 million years ago. While the underlying reasons for this climate change remain debated, it is widely understood that the deep ocean may have played an important role by storing the potent greenhouse gas carbon dioxide away from the atmosphere. New research by Qin et al. (2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021gl097121) shows that the deep Pacific Ocean did indeed accumulate additional carbon around the time of this million‐year old climate transition. However, the new results also show that Pacific Ocean accumulated carbon over different intervals than the Atlantic Ocean, deepening the mystery around how and why this carbon uptake occurred.
    Beschreibung: Key Points: The deep Atlantic and Pacific Oceans accumulated carbon at different intervals during the mid‐Pleistocene transition.
    Beschreibung: National Science Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
    Beschreibung: https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL097121
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 40
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-04
    Beschreibung: Lithium has limited biological activity and can readily replace aluminium, magnesium and iron ions in aluminosilicates, making it a proxy for the inorganic silicate cycle and its potential link to the carbon cycle. Data from the North Pacific Ocean, tropical Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean and Red Sea suggest that salinity normalized dissolved lithium concentrations vary by up to 2%–3% in the Indo‐Pacific Ocean. The highest lithium concentrations were measured in surface waters of remote North Pacific and Indian Ocean stations that receive relatively high fluxes of dust. The lowest dissolved lithium concentrations were measured just below the surface mixed layer of the stations with highest surface water concentrations, consistent with removal into freshly forming aluminium rich phases and manganese oxides. In the North Pacific, water from depths 〉2,000 m is slightly depleted in lithium compared to the initial composition of Antarctic Bottom Water, likely due to uptake of lithium by authigenically forming aluminosilicates. The results of this study suggest that the residence time of lithium in the ocean may be significantly shorter than calculated from riverine and hydrothermal fluxes.
    Beschreibung: Key Points: Li/Na ratios vary by up to 2%–3% in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Authigenic formation of aluminosilicates slightly deplete deep‐water lithium concentrations in the North Pacific. The residence time of lithium in the ocean is 240,000 ± 70,000 years, based on removal from North Pacific deep‐water.
    Beschreibung: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Beschreibung: MoES, Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004814
    Beschreibung: National Science Foundation USA
    Beschreibung: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.941888
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 41
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-06-17
    Beschreibung: Volcanic crises are often associated with magmatic intrusions or the pressurization of magma chambers of various shapes. These volumetric sources deform the country rocks, changing their density, and cause surface uplift. Both the net mass of intruding magmatic fluids and these deformation effects contribute to surface gravity changes. Thus, to estimate the intrusion mass from gravity changes, the deformation effects must be accounted for. We develop analytical solutions and computer codes for the gravity changes caused by triaxial sources of expansion. This establishes coupled solutions for joint inversions of deformation and gravity changes. Such inversions can constrain both the intrusion mass and the deformation source parameters more accurately.
    Beschreibung: Plain Language Summary: Volcanic crises are usually associated with magmatic fluids that intrude and deform the host rocks before potentially breaching the Earth's surface. It is important to estimate how much fluid (mass and volume) is on the move. Volume can be determined from the measured surface uplift. Mass can be determined from surface gravity changes. The fluid intrusion increases the mass below the volcano, thereby increasing the gravity and pressurizing the rocks. This dilates parts of the host rock and compresses other parts, changing the rock density and redistributing the rock mass. This causes secondary gravity changes, called deformation‐induced gravity changes. The measured gravity change is always the sum of the mass and deformation‐induced contributions. Here, we develop mathematical equations for the rapid estimation of these deformation‐induced gravity changes caused by arbitrary intrusion shapes. This way we can take the mass contribution apart from the deformation contribution. We show that by using this solution not only the intrusion mass, but also other intrusion parameters, including the volume, depth, and shape can be calculated more accurately.
    Beschreibung: Key Points; We develop analytical solutions for gravity changes due to the point Compound Dislocation Model simulating triaxial expansions. Rapid coupled inversions of deformation and gravity changes, accounting for deformation‐induced gravity changes are now possible. For shallow sources, estimation errors in the chamber volume change may lead to large biases in the simulated gravity changes.
    Beschreibung: EU Horizon 2020 programme NEWTON‐g project, under the FETOPEN‐ Grant Agreement No.
    Beschreibung: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Beschreibung: https://volcanodeformation.com/onewebmedia/pCDMgravity.zip
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 42
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-06-17
    Beschreibung: We examine the historical evolution and projected changes in the hydrography of the deep basin of the Arctic Ocean in 23 climate models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). The comparison between historical simulations and observational climatology shows that the simulated Atlantic Water (AW) layer is too deep and thick in the majority of models, including the multi‐model mean (MMM). Moreover, the halocline is too fresh in the MMM. Overall our findings indicate that there is no obvious improvement in the representation of the Arctic hydrography in CMIP6 compared to CMIP5. The climate change projections reveal that the sub‐Arctic seas are outstanding warming hotspots, causing a strong warming trend in the Arctic AW layer. The MMM temperature increase averaged over the upper 700 m at the end of the 21st century is about 40% and 60% higher in the Arctic Ocean than the global mean in the SSP245 and SSP585 scenarios, respectively. Salinity in the upper few hundred meters is projected to decrease in the Arctic deep basin in the MMM. However, the spread in projected salinity changes is large and the tendency toward stronger halocline in the MMM is not simulated by all the models. The identified biases and projection uncertainties call for a concerted effort for major improvements of coupled climate models.
    Beschreibung: Plain Language Summary: Coupled climate models are crucial tools for understanding and projecting climate change, especially for the Arctic where the climate is changing at unprecedented rates. A cold fresh layer of water (aka halocline) has been protecting sea‐ice at the surface from the warm layer of water (aka Atlantic Water layer) which flows underneath and could potentially accelerate sea ice melting from below. Climate change disturbs this vertical structure by changing the temperature and salinity of the Arctic Ocean (in a process known as Atlantification and Pacification) which may lead to additional sea ice basal melting and accelerate sea ice decline. We examined the simulated temperature and salinity in the Arctic Ocean deep basin in state‐of‐the‐art climate model simulations which provided the basis for the IPCC Assessment Report. We found that although there are persistent inaccuracies in the representation of Arctic temperature and salinity, the Arctic Ocean below 100 m is subject to much stronger warming than the average global ocean. On the other hand, the upper Arctic Ocean salinity is projected to decrease, which on average may strengthen the isolation of sea ice from Atlantic Water heat in the Arctic deep basin area.
    Beschreibung: Key Points: A too deep and thick Arctic Atlantic Water layer continues to be a major issue in contemporary climate models contributing to the CMIP6. The Arctic Ocean below the halocline is subject to much stronger warming than the global mean during the 21st century. The multi‐model mean upper ocean salinity is projected to decrease in the future but with high uncertainty.
    Beschreibung: European union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme
    Beschreibung: German Helmholtz climate initiative REKLIM
    Beschreibung: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Beschreibung: https://esgf-data.dkrz.de/projects/esgf-dkrz/
    Beschreibung: http://psc.apl.washington.edu/nonwp_projects/PHC/Data3.html
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:551
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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