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  • Books  (84)
  • bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBC Social research & statistics  (33)
  • thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology  (21)
  • Middle Ages  (15)
  • international trade
  • Firenze University Press  (82)
  • Ausonius Éditions
  • Edinburgh University Press
  • English  (84)
  • Romanian
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  • Books  (84)
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  • 1
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    Chapter Modelling the spatio-temporal dynamic of traffic flows with gravity models and mobile phone data (2022)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-09-22
    Description: The analysis of origin-destination traffic flows may be useful in many contexts of application (e.g., urban planning, tourism economics) and have been commonly studied through the gravity model, which states that flows are proportional to ''masses" of both origin and destination, and inversely proportional to distance between them. Using data on the flow of mobile phone SIM among different aree di censimento, recorded hourly basis for several months and provided by FasterNet in the context of MoSoRe project, in this work we characterize and model the dynamic of such flows over the time in the strongly urbanized and flood-prone area of the Mandolossa (western outskirts of Brescia, northern Italy), with the aim of predicting the traffic flow during flood episodes. Whereas a traditional ”static” mass explanatory variable is represented by residential population (Pop), or by gross domestic product (GDP), here we propose to use a most accurate set of explanatory variables in order to better account for the dynamic over the time. First, we employ a time-varying mass variable represented by the number of city-users by area and by time period, which has been estimated from mobile phone data (provided by TIM) using functional data approach and already adopted to derive crowding maps for flood exposure. Secondly, we include in the model a proper set of factors such as areal and time dummies, and a novel set of indices related to (e.g.) the number and the type of streets, the number of offices, restaurants or cinemas, which may be retrieved from OpenStreetMap. The joint use of these two novel sets of explanatory variables should allow us to obtain a better linear fitting of the gravity model and a better traffic flow prediction for the flood risk evaluation.
    Keywords: Mobile phone network ; Gravity model ; Origin-destination data ; Flooding risk ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBC Social research & statistics
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Chapter Economic and Social Aspects of the Trade of Luxury Goods between Africa and Europe: Ostrich Feather (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: In Europe, in the Middle Ages, ostrich feathers were used for the decoration of military headgear, as a representation of the high lineage of the possessor and his military virtues. They were imported from the coasts of West Africa, from Egypt and Syria into Italian and Spanish ports and from there exported to England and continental Europe. Venice, at the end of the fourteenth century, began to color feathers and soon the new fashion was spread throughout Europe. During the fifteenth century, even women began to use ostrich feathers on their hats or in their fans. When European ships reached America, Central Africa and the islands of the Indian Ocean, a huge amount of exotic bird feathers became available and ostrich feather fad spread through the population.
    Keywords: economic history ; international trade ; ostrich feathers ; africa ; europe
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Chapter Decomposing tourists’ sentiment from raw NL text to assess customer satisfaction (2022)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-09-22
    Description: The importance of the Word of Mouth is growing day by day in many topics. This phenomenon is evident in everyday life, e.g., the rise of influencers and social media managers. If more people positively debate specific products, then even more people are encouraged to buy them and vice versa. This effect is directly affected by the relationship between the potential customer and the reviewer. Moreover, considering the negative reporting bias is evident in how the Word of Mouth analysis is of absolute interest in many fields. We propose an algorithm to extract the sentiment from a natural language text corpus. The combined approach of Neural Networks, with high predictive power but more challenging interpretation, with more simple but informative models, allows us to quantify a sentiment with a numeric value and to predict if a sentence has a positive (negative) sentiment. The assessment of an objective quantity improves the interpretation of the results in many fields. For example, it is possible to identify crucial specific sectors that require intervention, improving the company's services whilst finding the strengths of the company himself (useful for advertising campaigns). Moreover, considering that the time information is usually available in textual data with a web origin, to analyze trends on macro/micro topics. After showing how to properly reduce the dimensionality of the textual data with a data-cleaning phase, we show how to combine: WordEmbedding, K-Means clustering, SentiWordNet, and the Threshold-based Naïve Bayes classifier. We apply this method to Booking.com and TripAdvisor.com data, analyzing the sentiment of people who discuss a particular issue, providing an example of customer satisfaction.
    Keywords: GSD ; WoM ; Threshold-based Naïve ; Bayes ; NLP ; Sentiment Analysis ; Customer Satisfaction ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBC Social research & statistics
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Chapter England’s Maritime and Commercial Networks in the Late Middle Ages (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: This paper, basing its analysis on England’s national customs accounts between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries, briefly examines England’s ports as commercial nodes (of which London was the busiest, with Hull, Southampton and Bristol becoming the main regional hubs by the fifteenth century), its shipping (which provided both liner and tramping services and sailed all year round), and its exports (which shifted from wool to woollen cloth over the period). It then focuses on the range of markets with which English merchants and ships had direct maritime contacts.
    Keywords: england ; commercial networks ; economic history ; international trade
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Chapter The Dutch Republic as Example of Maritime Transport Services Clusters in Preindustrial Europe (ca. 1650-1800) (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: By means of a comparative analysis of the ‘Dutch case’ with the Saintonge in South-West France and Bohuslän in South-West Sweden, this paper analyses the rise and decline of maritime services clusters in preindustrial Europe. The leading question for this comparative analysis is: Was the ‘Dutch case’ exceptional or can similar developments be recognised in other parts of Europe as well? A survey of the regional economic origins of communities of maritime transporters is combined with analyses of their operations and institutions. Relying on primary sources, the paper addresses the contribution of a great many ‘anonymous’ people, that literally connected the ‘nodes’ in international maritime trade networks, but whose contribution to the preindustrial European economy has been assumed a priori rather than thoroughly investigated.
    Keywords: economic history ; dutch republic ; international trade ; commercial networks
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Chapter An analysis of the transaction towards sustainable food consumption practises during the Italian lockdown for SARS-CoV-2: the experience of the Lombardy region (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-09-22
    Description: This paper intends to investigate the behaviours adopted during this lockdown period due to SARS-CoV-2, in which most individuals have found themselves forced to carry out their daily lives within domestic boundaries, and compare them with previously practiced food-related habits. The aim is to understand whether strategies of buying, preparing and consuming food have changed with respect to established habits of 'ordinary' periods, and how these choices are linked to the psychological and emotional wellbeing/feeling experienced by individuals, to the physiological well-being of individuals and to social, environmental and economic sustainability. The analysis is based on the survey carried out by the Department of Psychology in collaboration with the interdepartmental center BEST4Food of Milano-Bicocca university.
    Keywords: Food ; sustainable consumption ; Lockdown ; SARS-CoV-2 ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBC Social research & statistics
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Chapter North Italian Ports and the Levant in the 16th and 17th Centuries (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: The chapter analyzes, from a diachronic perspective, the role of trade with the Levant in the port industries of Genoa, Livorno, and Venice in the 16th and 17th centuries. An historical period in which the international trade system underwent substantial changes. From the expansion of the Atlantic routes to the official claim by the United Provinces and English, to the Italian Mariner crisis and the gradual advance of Nordic fleets along the Western Mediterranean routes. The Atlantic ships had an increasing influence on Genoa’s port industry. It was, however, Livorno who gained the most advantage from the presence of Dutch and English merchant ships along routes which met at Alexandretta in San Giovanni of Acre, at Constantinople, and most of all, at Smyrna.
    Keywords: economic history ; levant ; international trade ; commercial networks ; 16th century ; 17th century
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Les espaces carcéraux au Moyen Âge (2022)
    Ausonius Éditions | Pôle Production Imprimé, Université Bordeaux Montaigne
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: While recent work has renewed our knowledge of execution sites and the internal layout of confinement places in the Middle Ages, the distribution of prison spaces and territories, and in particular the socio-spatial dynamics and logics of their location, have yet to be analyzed. These prison spaces are the subject of this book, written by historians, archaeologists and literary scholars. By prison space, we mean the space produced by one or more places of incarceration: the interior spaces of a prison in all their complexity and the exterior space, whether that of arrests, judicial executions or the immediate vicinity of the gaol. The fourteen essays deal with prison space at different scale (buildings, neighborhood, city or region) and use a wide variety of sources: judicial documents, urban regulations, prison rules, accounts, iconography, archaeological datas, literary texts, etc.
    Keywords: space ; prison ; enlargement ; arrest ; prison tower ; city ; Middle Ages ; castle ; monastery ; ecclesiastical justice ; royal justice ; municipal justice ; representation ; dungeon ; jail ; oubliettes ; reclusion ; incarceration ; prisoner ; jurisdiction ; materiality ; archaeology ; iconography ; literature ; accounting ; ransom ; sentence ; captive ; war ; Aurillac ; Perigueux ; Dijon ; Tournai ; Paris ; Caen ; Aragon ; Zaragoza ; Huesca ; Teruel ; Italy ; Iberian Peninsula ; Burgundy ; Savoy ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHB General and world history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JK Social services and welfare, criminology::JKV Crime and criminology
    Language: French , English
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  • 9
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    Chapter Development of an innovative methodology to define patient-designed quality of life: a new version of a wellknown concept in healthcare (2022)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-09-22
    Description: Patient quality of life (QoL) is a pivotal parameter, which is often used by clinicians to evaluate how treatments and therapies influence patients’ functionality and emotional state, aiming to ameliorate interventions and their outcomes. Currently, the majority of questionnaires assessing the QoL are designed with the main contribution of clinicians and, therefore, include items that are cantered on the disease rather than on its multifaceted impact on people’s life. The failure to truly grasp the patients’ perspective, their needs, aspirations, perceptions and emotional state, is a major drawback that sets medical care on clinical parameters alone. We aimed to bridge this gap by establishing an innovative patient-designed QoL index to provide a new, unbiased tool considering the patients’ perception of their own well-being. Based predominantly on patients’ contribution, we defined specific areas (physical, emotional, social, functional, economical) and the respective characterizing features, and applied a pseudo-Delphi methodology combined with customer-satisfaction techniques. For each feature, the degree of agreement and the importance were assessed on a Likert scale. A synthetic QoL index was created by weighting the importance of each item. The methodology tested led to the development of a valid patient-designed QoL index, providing a way forward that could potentially be applied to many different conditions. The areas and the features included are indeed common to all patients, irrespective of their disease. We found that the process of methodology development enhanced the patients’ awareness of their subjective experience with the disease, and enabled them to better present their situation to the clinicians. The patient-designed QoL index provides a descriptive model that can be helpful to patients, clinicians and third parties and that can be further integrated with clinical details to obtain an overall view of the course of treatment for each patient.
    Keywords: Quality of Life ; QoL ; Pseudo Delphi ; Methodology ; Patient awareness ; Patient experience ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBC Social research & statistics
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Chapter Life satisfaction of refugees living in Germany (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-09-22
    Description: Since 2015, Germany has been hosting noticeable incoming flows of refugees and asylum seekers, leading, in 2020, the ranking of European countries and being the fifth in the world ranking for the number of hosted refugees. Despite the quality of life of refugees is expected to be improved in the aftermath of their arrival to Germany, refugees are still facing several problems of integration and economic deprivation (e.g., about 90% are unemployed). Hence, it is a worthwhile exercise to study how satisfied they are with their present life. Using a sample of 3,408 individuals from the German IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees (regarding refugees and asylum seekers who came to the country between January 2013 and January 2016), we present some preliminary analyses on the life satisfaction (LS) of these vulnerable individuals. Particularly, satisfaction levels were arranged by quartile and an ordinal regression model was estimated to focus on the association among levels of LS and main socio-demographic characteristics. Syrians experience worst perceived quality of life (LS), such as older and higher educated people, other things being equal. Uncertainty, due to their legal status or to lesser support received by law, may explain that those with dismissed or pending asylum application are less satisfied than refugees. Family arrangements, as expected, has an impact, other things being equal, on the overall life satisfaction: the higher the number of co-residing household members the higher the LS; cohabiting partner of spouse affect positively LS. Noticeably, LS is positively associated with satisfaction in specific domains such as health, privacy in the current living arrangement, and neighbourhood safety. Interesting insights come out for policy design.
    Keywords: Well-being ; quality of life ; asylum seekers ; IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey ; of Refugees ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBC Social research & statistics
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    Chapter Tourism of Italians in Italy through crisis and development: the last 15 years, region by region (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-09-22
    Description: Tourism is a very important economic activity for many nations and Italy is among those that particularly benefit from it. In fact, even during the period of pandemic, despite the crisis, tourism in Italy proved to be a particularly resilient sector: among all European countries, Italy is the one that recorded the highest number of total tourist nights-spent. However, tourism statistics are not yet exhaustive in describing a highly variable phenomenon at the territorial level. Even the tourism satellite accounts, so useful for sectoral planning at regional level, are compiled for the whole country. Instead, the territories do not always know themselves, while the enhancement of landscape resources is one of the major issues that has not always been adequately analyzed; also in the recently approved Italian PNRR/Next Generation EU. In this article, we aim to examine the trend of the tourism phenomenon in the various Italian regions over the past 15 years; a period marked by crises of different origins (economic, political, health) which slowed down the economic development of the third millennium. In particular, given the problems mentioned above, we decided to start the research by considering the arrivals in hotels and non-hotel establishments by Italian tourists. The hospitality business is in fact an important part of the tourism industry. We expect domestic tourism to have greater stability, being less affected by international problems. We then examined the tourism of Italians in Italy, in the various regions, from 2006 to 2020. This analysis allowed us to observe the tourism phenomenon in Italy from a different perspective, observing, region by region, the relationship between tourism within the region and tourism coming from others regions. The choice of arrivals, instead of night spent, reduces the influence of the specific type of tourism in each region. The first results appear interesting.
    Keywords: tourism ; arrivals ; correspondence analysis ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBC Social research & statistics
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    Chapter The struggle for (self-)integration. Manuscripts, liturgy and networks in Verona at the time of Bishop Ratold (c. 802-840/3) (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Between the 780s and the 840s the episcopal see of Verona was held by bishops coming from beyond the Alps, appointed by the Carolingian rulers and charged with control over a prestigious and strategically key bishopric. They were called upon to boost the communications between the local elites and the political and social machinery of the Carolingian world. In order to achieve that, they first had to negotiate their own integration in their new field of action, and to be acknowledged as effective political mediators between Verona and the rulers. The tools they used to do that were, on the one hand, their own skills and previous experience, on the other, the centre for textual production, preservation and dissemination they found in Verona, that is, the cathedral scriptorium and library. The books that can be attributed to them allow us to keep trace of the networks of relationships and cultural exchanges they developed, linking the two sides of the Alps. This paper focuses more specifically on the activities and endeavours of Bishop Ratold (c. 802-840). The liturgical and hagiographical manuscripts produced in Verona in that period are examined as key markers of Ratold’s intellectual networks, and of the ways in which he used them for his own need for self-integration. They also provide elements casting light on the introduction and reception of the Carolingian cultural reforms in the Kingdom of Italy.
    Keywords: Middle Ages ; 9th century ; North-Eastern Italy ; Verona ; Reichenau ; Ratold ; liturgical manuscripts ; Carolingian religious reforms. ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: English
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  • 13
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    Chapter Measuring content validity of academic psychological capital and locus of control in fresh graduates (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-09-22
    Description: Positive psychological capital (PsyCap; hope, resilience, self-efficacy, and optimism) and locus of control (LoC; internal and external) denote psychological dimensions which have been identified as crucial resources for occupational satisfaction and success. These dimensions could impact fresh graduates’ ability to stand the labour market in times of crisis. Two instruments, called Academic PsyCap and Academic LoC, have been specifically developed to evaluate these dimensions among fresh graduates. The two instruments consist of 34 and 10 items respectively, which have been selected, through factor analyses, from a large initial pool of items administered to fresh graduated at the University of Padova. Results suggested adequate psychometric properties for both Academic PsyCap and Academic LoC. The factor structure of the two instruments was confirmed (CFI = .92, RMSEA = .07, SRMR = .07 for Academic PsyCap; CFI = .96, RMSEA = .05, SRMR = .05 for Academic LoC), and internal consistency was satisfactory for all the subscales. The two instruments are presented, and their psychometric properties are described.
    Keywords: Psychological capital ; Locus of control ; University graduates ; Hope ; Resilience ; Self-efficacy ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBC Social research & statistics
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    Chapter A Systematic Literature Review to Identify a Methodological Approach for Use in the Modelling and Forecasting of Capital Expenditure of Hyperscale Data Centres (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: The theme of ‘Managing the digital transformation of the construction industry’ emphasises the importance of considering various dimensions of digitalisation and optimising the built environment. This review aims to present methodological approaches from existing literature that elucidate location-related factors impacting the capital cost of data centres. These findings facilitate adjustments to historical cost data when estimating total costs for new data centres. A systematic literature review method was employed to ensure an objective and comprehensive synthesis. In conjunction with Bayes's theory, this review identifies that a Delphi methodology is the most suitable methodological approach for forecasting and modelling capital expenditure for hyper-scale data centres. The methodology enables collective decision-making and consensus building, recognising the stakeholder's pivotal role in shaping the future of data centres. These findings offer valuable insights for researchers and practitioners in forming a methodological approach for further investigations into the location-related factors impacting the capital cost of data centres. Embracing this knowledge allows us to align research and practice, ensuring that these practices become integral to shaping the future of data centres and the digitalisation and optimisation of the built environment
    Keywords: cost ; decision analysis ; forecasting ; data centres ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
    Language: English
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  • 15
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    Chapter Swedish Trade and Shipping in the Mediterranean in the 18th Century (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: This paper analyses the rise of Swedish trade and shipping in the Mediterranean in the eighteenth century. It focuses on three factors that shaped Sweden’s role in the area: foreign policy interest, foreign trade policy (mercantilism), and commodity demand and supply. The foreign policy interest is represented by attempts to build an alliance with the Ottoman Empire against Russia. An outcome of this was the short-lived Swedish Levant Company. The second factor relates to Sweden’s mercantilist policy in the Mediterranean, embodied in the Swedish Navigation Act, trade and peace treaties with the North-African states, and the consular services in southern Europe. Sea salt was in the core of this policy—a strategic commodity in northern Europe. Southern Europe, too, was important market for Swedish exports goods: iron, tar and pitch, and planks.
    Keywords: economic history ; sweden ; international trade ; commercial networks ; 18th century
    Language: English
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  • 16
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    Chapter Thematic atlas of Italian oncological research: the analysis of public IRCCS (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-09-22
    Description: This paper has been developed in the frame of the research project “V:ALERE 2019” focused on Italian public-owned Academic Medical Centers. The main aim of the project is to provide evidence, advice, and remarks to help the agents of the public health system to address the many challenges that they face. In recent years, there is an increasing recognition of the potential value of research evidence as one of the many factors considered by policymakers and practitioners. Even more, in the case of medical science, the analysis of research and its impact is indispensable, in light of its implications for public health. The starting point for mapping a research area is to review the related scientific literature because by synthesizing past research findings, it is possible to effectively use the existing knowledge base and advance lines of future researches. In this sense, bibliometrics becomes useful, by providing a structured analysis to a large body of information, to infer trends over time, themes researched, and to show the “big picture” of extant research. In particular, in this work, we focus our attention on the scientific production of the last 20 years of the Scientific Institutes for Research, Hospitalization, and Healthcare (IRCCS “Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico”) specialized in the oncology research. IRCCS are biomedical institutions of relevant national interest that drive clinical assistance in strong relation to research activities. They are committed to being a benchmark for the whole public health system for both the quality of patient care and the innovation skills in the field of the organization. All the analyses were carried out by using the Bibliometrix, an open-source tool for quantitative research in scientometrics and bibliometrics that includes all the main bibliometric methods of analysis.
    Keywords: Bibliometrics ; Oncological research ; Public health ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBC Social research & statistics
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  • 17
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    Chapter Short-term and long-term international scientific mobility of Italian PhDs: An analysis by gender (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-09-22
    Description: In the last years, there has been a large increase in high-educated and high-skilled people’s mobility as a consequence of the internationalization and globalization, the weakening of research and university systems of sending countries (the “brain drain” process), the increase in skilled demand and improvements in higher education of host countries (the “brain gain” process). At the micro-level, academic mobility has positive consequences on occupational prospects and careers of researchers, both in the short- and long- run. Nevertheless, numerous research studies have demonstrated the challenges of engaging in international academic mobility for people with caring responsibilities, particularly women. Using Italian data on occupational conditions of PhDs collected in 2018 by Istat and modelling multinomial logistic regression analyses, we intend to verify if female researchers are associated with a lower international mobility irrespective their field of study, and the extent to which gender interacts differently in the various fields of study in affecting the probability of moving abroad after PhD qualification. Also, the distinction between long-term and short-term mobility, which has been mainly neglected in the literature concentrating on longer stays, has taken into account. In this respect, short-term mobility is a potentially high-value investment that may be pursued also by those researchers and scientists who cannot move for longer periods, such as women with caring responsibilities. In the literature, it is acknowledged that an experience abroad during early career may have positive effects on future occupational prospects. With our work, we intend to shed light on potential disparities on moving abroad that may exist among researchers in their early career by gender, and which could contribute to leave behind women in academia.
    Keywords: PhD ; international mobility ; gender ; higher education ; logistic regression ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBC Social research & statistics
    Language: English
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  • 18
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    Chapter The role of the extra-man play actions in elite water polo matches: which elements lead to a good shot? (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-09-22
    Description: In water polo, two teams comprised of six outfield players and a goalkeeper compete for four quarters of 8 minutes’ real play in a playing area of 30x20m. Each team has 30 seconds to complete an action. A frequent situation thought to be very significant to the final result of a match is the extra-man play action. After a major foul a player is sent out of play for 20 seconds. The attacking team, with a series of passes and player movements must quickly try to disrupt the defence and enable a shot. And defence has to work on coordination of movement between players so that the attack finds it difficult to score too easily. Coaches dedicate a lot of time to training their team to attack and defend in an extra-man situation. This paper investigates the issue of extra-man play actions in detail. A study is performed into data from the 2020 European men’s water polo championships, whose aim is to identify whether man-up play actions have any elements that lead to a good shot, meaning a ball in the goal even if it is saved. Several characteristics were recorded on each extra-man play action, but only few of them seem to influence its outcome. This may be explained by the fact that the outcome of a play action is not only linked to the execution of a strategy, but it is influenced by factors which may not all be measured.
    Keywords: water polo analytics ; match analysis ; tactical indicators ; logistic regression ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBC Social research & statistics
    Language: English
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  • 19
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    Chapter Integrating Green Roofs into Building Information Modeling (BIM): A Computational Approach for Sustainable Building Design (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: The construction industry is currently witnessing a transformative period characterized by the convergence of the green and digital transitions. The green transition seeks to address environmental challenges such as climate change and resource depletion, while the digital transition leverages advanced technologies to enhance construction processes. This paper specifically explores the integration of green roofs, as component of sustainable buildings, into the Building Information Modeling (BIM) framework, a key enabler of the digital transition. Green roofs, known for their environmental benefits, consist of layers that contribute to energy efficiency, stormwater management, and biodiversity enhancement. To optimize their design and performance, this research employs Dynamo Visual Programming Language (VPL) within Autodesk Revit to create parametric models of green roofs. These models facilitate the evaluation of thermal and structural characteristics under varying water content conditions (dry and saturated). Results reveal that the choice of substrate and drainage materials significantly impacts thermal resistance, particularly in dry conditions. However, in saturated conditions, the influence on thermal performance converges, emphasizing the importance of structural considerations in both scenarios. The research also highlights various limitations and outlines avenues for future studies, including expanding the range of materials, exploring additional performance metrics, and incorporating AI and machine learning techniques. By addressing these aspects, this research contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the integration of green roofs and BIM. It provides designers and researchers with a practical tool for optimizing green roof designs, aligning with contemporary sustainable construction practices, and promoting the holistic development of green buildings
    Keywords: Sustainability integration ; Parametric modeling ; Digital Transformation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
    Language: English
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    Chapter Genoa: Colonizing and Colonized City? The Port City as a Pole of Attraction for Foreign Merchants (16th-18th centuries) (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: As Michel Balard pointed out with reference to the late Middle Ages and to the relations between Genoa and overseas cities, “Genoa, a colonizer in the East, is colonized by the Orientals”. The aim of this work is to verify whether and to what extent this concept is applicable also to the modern age and whether it involved a wider geographic area than the one examined by this French historian. In particular we outline the features of the presence of foreign merchants in Genoa between the 16th and 18th centuries as a phenomenon complementary to the better known “diaspora” of Genoese businessmen.
    Keywords: economic history ; genoa ; international trade ; commercial networks ; 16th century
    Language: English
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    Chapter Patient-generated evidence in Epidermolysis Bullosa (EB): Development of a questionnaire to assess the Quality of Life (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-09-22
    Description: Epidermolysis Bullosa (EB) is a group of genetic conditions that cause fragile and blistering skin. Although there are different types of EB, which differ in severity, their signs and symptoms overlap. As a result of this disorder, patients face an unbearable burden in their lives, and their Quality of Life (QoL) is negatively affected at every life cycle stage. Nevertheless, the assessment of the quality of life of these patients is scanty. This project aims to develop a patient-centered questionnaire to assess the QoL of EB patients. This tool will be a valid aid for clinicians to understand patients better and identify the areas that need more attention; moreover, it will allow them to follow the patients over time and evaluate the impact of any treatments. The methodological process to develop the questionnaire consisted of two phases: firstly, a critical review of scientific literature was performed; secondly, a pseudo-Delphi study was carried out. A multidisciplinary panel (including patients, caregivers, and clinicians) actively participated in round tables to discuss the main areas of interest. Starting from this initial set of areas and through the repetition of Delphi (up to three rounds), a gradual refinement of the statements was carried out to define a list of items to be included in an easy-to-use but meaningful questionnaire. The final patient-centered questionnaire is thus able to measure the QoL beyond the physical symptoms and the clinical evolution of the disease, encompassing functional autonomy, psycho-emotional state, social relations and the working field.
    Keywords: Epidermolysis Bullosa ; Patient-centered approach ; Quality of Life ; Pseudo-Delphi ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBC Social research & statistics
    Language: English
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    Chapter Sustainable Innovation: worldwide trends in the scientific production through a bibliometric study (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-09-22
    Description: The scientific production on the Innovation, especially on Sustainable Innovation, has grown in recent years. Various expressions and definitions for sustainability and innovation have been reported in the literature. Sometimes the two concepts are combined and described with one term, Sustainable Innovation. Research on sustainable innovation has grown in popularity due to the need to incorporate sustainability within business practices. The purpose of this study is to investigate the status and the evolution of the scientific studies on this topic and identify the worldwide trends in scientific production over time through a research conducted on the metadata of Web of Science, a database commonly used by researchers. A bibliometric analysis has been developed to analyse a total of 1,511 documents published between 2000 and 2021 in order to discover the research trends in this field and the main dimensions and words related to the term “Sustainable Innovation”.
    Keywords: Sustainable Innovation ; Bibliometrics analysis ; Bibliometrix ; Web of Science ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBC Social research & statistics
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    Chapter The Revival of Cassiodorus’ Variae in the High Middle Ages (10th-11th century) (2023)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: This paper is based on a number of reuses of Cassiodorus’ Variae that have been found in notarial documents written in Rome and Lazio between the tenth and eleventh century. Given that the manuscript tradition of the Variae becomes visible only from the twelfth-thirteenth centuries onwards, these reuses are a good starting point to reflect on a specific question: what were the practical and contingent motivations that, in Lazio, stimulated the intellectual elites to research and reuse the Variae? By following an alternative path to that of the manuscript evidence, it is thus possible better to identify the contexts of preservation, circulation, and practical use of the Variae underlying the more evident late medieval revival.
    Keywords: Middle Ages ; 10th-11th Century ; Lazio ; Rome ; Cassiodorus’ Variae ; Medieval notaries ; Legal Renaissance ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: English
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    Chapter Textiles Market in 16th-Century Seville: Business and Mercantile Groups (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: This work offers a new interpretation about the main groups implicated in the textile trade in Seville during the 16th century, proposing a new chronology concerning the substitution processes happened between them and the nature of the importance of those groups. This is specially clear in the longer endurance of the activity of castilian and mainly burgalese merchants in the importation of canvas, and also is remarkable the growing importance of the Castilian producction of clothes and silk (also in the Valencian case), covering an increasing share of the Peninsular and the American demand, existing cases of cooperation between those different groups.
    Keywords: economic history ; textiles ; international trade ; commercial networks ; seville ; 16th century
    Language: English
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    Chapter Supporting decision-makers in healthcare domain. A comparative study of two interpretative proposals for Random Forests (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-09-22
    Description: The growing success of Machine Learning (ML) is making significant improvements to predictive models, facilitating their integration in various application fields, especially the healthcare context. However, it still has limitations and drawbacks, such as the lack of interpretability which does not allow users to understand how certain decisions are made. This drawback is identified with the term "Black-Box", as well as models that do not allow to interpret the internal work of certain ML techniques, thus discouraging their use. In a highly regulated and risk-averse context such as healthcare, although "trust" is not synonymous with decision and adoption, trusting an ML model is essential for its adoption. Many clinicians and health researchers feel uncomfortable with black box ML models, even if they achieve high degrees of diagnostic or prognostic accuracy. Therefore more and more research is being conducted on the functioning of these models. Our study focuses on the Random Forest (RF) model. It is one of the most performing and used methodologies in the context of ML approaches, in all fields of research from hard sciences to humanities. In the health context and in the evaluation of health policies, their use is limited by the impossibility of obtaining an interpretation of the causal links between predictors and response. This explains why we need to develop new techniques, tools, and approaches for reconstructing the causal relationships and interactions between predictors and response used in a RF model. Our research aims to perform a machine learning experiment on several medical datasets through a comparison between two methodologies, which are inTrees and NodeHarvest. They are the main approaches in the rules extraction framework. The contribution of our study is to identify, among the approaches to rule extraction, the best proposal for suggesting the appropriate choice to decision-makers in the health domain.
    Keywords: Random Forest ; Model Interpretation ; Health domain ; Rule Extraction ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBC Social research & statistics
    Language: English
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    Chapter Between the Mediterranean and the North Sea: Networks of Men and Ports (14th-15th Centuries) (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: This essay examines how the various processes of economic integration brought about by commercial exchanges were influenced by networks of merchants, by the different functions and capacities of ports, and by the various locations of routes established between the Mediterranean, the Atlantic and the North Sea. The ports, the routes and ships, and the mentality and culture of the economic operators represent the three main themes of this study; it aims to observe and compare maritime environments which were completely different from one another, especially in terms of the size of the ports and the importance of the commercial itineraries based on them.
    Keywords: mediterranean ; economic history ; commercial networks ; international trade ; north sea
    Language: English
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    Chapter Determinants of spatial intensity of stop locations on cruise passengers tracking data (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-09-22
    Description: This paper aims at analyzing the spatial intensity in the distribution of stop locations of cruise passengers during their visit at the destination through a stochastic point process modelling approach on a linear network. Data collected through the integration of GPS tracking technology and questionnaire-based survey on cruise passengers visiting the city of Palermo are used, to identify the main determinants which characterize their stop locations pattern. The spatial intensity of stop locations is estimated through a Gibbs point process model, taking into account for both individual-related variables, contextual-level information, and for spatial interaction among stop points. The Berman-Turner device for maximum pseudolikelihood is considered, by using a quadrature scheme generated on the network. The approach used allows taking into account the linear network determined by the street configuration of the destination under analysis. The results show an influence of both socio-demographic and trip-related characteristics on the stop location patterns, as well as the relevance of distance from the main attractions, and potential interactions among cruise passengers in stop configuration. The proposed approach represents both improvements from the methodological perspective, related to the modelling of spatial point process on a linear network, and from the applied perspective, given that better knowledge of the determinants of spatial intensity of visitors’ stop locations in urban contexts may orient destination management policy.
    Keywords: Gibbs point processes ; GPS tracking data ; Cruise tourism ; Linear network ; Spatial intensity ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBC Social research & statistics
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    Chapter Writing, textuality, politics in the Lucca of Bishops Berengar and Ambrose (837-852) (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: The article consists of two intertwined sections. In the first, I intend to reconstruct the processes of political and social transformation that took place in Lucca under the actions of Bishops Berengar (837-843) and Ambrose (843-852): foreigners appointed in succession by the Court. In order to do this, I will take the viewpoint offered by the numerous private charters preserved in the Archivio Storico Diocesano of Lucca. Secondly, I will present the first results of a study on the manuscripts of the same period preserved there – an heritage not yet fully explored and appreciated. I will focus in particular on the most-recently entered text in ms 490: the so-called Dicta Gelasii papae. It was written in a Carolingian hand that Armando Petrucci has compared to that of Bishop Berengar. The text constitutes an exceptional insight into the turmoil that animated the sacred palace after the «penitential reform» of 813, and which spread throughout the Empire within a general movement of correctio.
    Keywords: Middle Ages ; 9th century ; Italy ; Lucca ; Carolingians ; Gelasius I ; Lothair I ; correctio ; penitential reform ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
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    Chapter Determinants of social startups in Italy (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-09-22
    Description: The so called "Startup Act" (Decree Law 179/2012, converted into Law 221/2012), has introduced in Italy the notion of innovative companies with a high technological value, denoted as the innovative startups. Among them, the Italian government includes the category of SIAVS ("Startup Innovative A Vocazione Sociale"), which represents a relatively new field of interest in both scientific and normative perspective. A social startup must satisfy the same requirement of other innovative startups, usually operating in sectors such as social assistance, education, health, social tourism and culture which can have a direct (social) impact on collective well-being. Furthermore, they must produce specific reporting of the produced social impact, enjoying also some tax benefits. In 2020 more than 200 SIAVS are registered in Italy, more than doubled with respect to 2015. This work is concerned with the empirical analysis of innovative companies focused in funding and implementing solutions to social, cultural, or environmental issues. Specifically, the aim of the paper is to investigate what are the relevant factors for the arise of SIAVS in Italy. The response variable is based on the number of active social startups in Italian provinces while the set of explanatory variables is composed by economic and demographic indicators at the provincial level. Generalized linear models (GLM) for discrete outcomes are applied and compared, even taking into account the zero-inflated issue arising due to the distribution of these particular data.
    Keywords: Start-up ; Well-being ; Provinces ; Glm ; zero inflated count ; models ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBC Social research & statistics
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    Chapter Ostrogoths vs. Franks: Imagining the Past in the Middle Ages (2023)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: This introductory essay aims at highlighting some aspects concerning the connections between the Ostrogoths and Franks in the Middle Ages. To this end, cases from different contexts and chronologies have been examined: firstly, Giovanni Villani’s chronicle, which conveys a polarized image of the Gothic and Carolingian worlds; and then some testimonies from the ninth century, that use the Ostrogothic model in connection with the present in a more complex and ambivalent manner. The various interpretations of the Gothic world are linked by a tendency to emphasize historical analogies, that leads to an overall and protracted disinterest in the specific forms of Ostrogothic society and in work that most documents it, Cassiodorus’ Variae.
    Keywords: Middle Ages ; Communal Age ; Carolingian Age ; Florence ; Giovanni Villani ; Walahfrid Strabo ; Cassiodorus ; Franks ; Ostrogoths ; Political Use of History ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: English
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    Chapter A structural equation model to measure logical competences (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-09-22
    Description: Logical abilities are a ubiquitous ingredient in all those contexts that take into account soft skills, argumentative skills or critical thinking. However, the relationship between logical models and the enhancement of these abilities is rarely explicitly considered. Two aspects of the issue are particularly critical in our opinion, namely: (i) the lack of statistically relevant data concerning these competences; (ii) the absence of reliable indices that might be used to detect and measure the possession of abilities underlying the aforementioned skills. This paper addresses both aspects of this topic by presenting the results of a research that we conducted between October and December 2020 on students enrolled in various degree courses at the University of Florence. The dataset has been collected by a three-stage initiative. We started from an entrance examination to assess the students' initial abilities. This test included ten questions, each regarding a specific aspect of logical reasoning. Then, students underwent a short training course to strengthen their knowledge of logic. At the end of the short course, students underwent a final examination to evaluate the effectiveness of the training. To verify the effectiveness of the training program we used students’ characteristics into a Structural Equation Model comparing the distribution of abilities before and after the training.
    Keywords: SEM ; Logical abilities ; Training course effectiveness ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBC Social research & statistics
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    Chapter A statistical information system in support of job policies orientation (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-09-22
    Description: A significant problem for labour market policies relies on the individuation of the most advisable skills to have and to enhance through focused training offers. Vocational training systems and institutions are called to answer the question posed by every person looking for a new job or professional opportunities: which are the skills-to-have to enhance the professional profile? Many efforts have been made to answer this question, mainly designing predictive models; however, these models are often limited to specific economic sectors and usually don’t adopt a country-specific perspective. This paper proposes a recommendation system oriented to specific users: once that the user has described his/her skills profile, the system suggests the skills that, once got, will fit with the most frequent job vacancies. In this proposal perspective, the skills are proposed regardless of the economic sector, and they are compatible with the characteristics of the specific country labour market. In this contribution, we will focus on the Italian market; the recommendation system is based on the job ads published by Italian companies on various websites for both 2019 and 2020 after the skills required for each job offer have been mapped to one of the skills presented in the classification of European Skills/ competence, qualifications ad Occupations (ESCO).
    Keywords: job policies ; labour market ; skills recommender ; recommendation system ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBC Social research & statistics
    Language: English
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    Chapter A Robotic Method to Insert Batt Insulation into Light-Frame Wood Wall for Panel Prefabrications (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Currently, industrial robot arms are trending in prefabricated building construction; however, a notable gap exists in established automated processes and related research specifically for the insertion of batt thermal insulation. The current method for accomplishing this task relies on manual insertion, which is labour-intensive for the workers and poses long-term health and safety concerns. This research presents an ongoing research project aimed at developing a feasible robotic process for the automated insertion of batt thermal insulation into prefabricated light-frame wood wall frames. This research focuses on the utilization of a single 6-degree-of-freedom robot arm for the insertion process, complimented by the design of a custom-built end-effector. The proposed robotic insertion process, named GLITPP, comprises of six major steps: (1) Grasp, (2) Lift, (3) Insert, (4) Tilt, (5) Push, and (6) Press. The GLITPP insertion process, along with the custom-built end-effector effectively mitigates the influence of the insulation’s nonlinear mechanical properties, while also taking collision avoidance into consideration. This ensures a tight-fitting insulation within the frame cavity, without visible gaps and deficiencies. The necessary physical operating parameters for the insertion process, such as angles, offset, and force requirements, are identified to ensure the precision, efficiency, and repeatability of insertion. A prototype of the designed end-effector is used to demonstrate and validate the robotic method, achieved a high success rate of 93.3%. The development of this research will further advance the complete automation of light-frame wood wall panel prefabrication, offering the industry a wider range of options for selecting thermal insulation for their processes
    Keywords: Robotic Building Prefabrication ; Robotic Insertion ; Light-frame Wood Construction ; Robotic End-effector ; Automation in Construction ; Thermal Insulation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
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    Chapter Extracting Information from Construction Safety Requirements Using Large Language Model (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: The construction industry has long been recognized for its complex safety regulations, which are essential to ensure the well-being of on-site employees. However, navigating these regulations and ensuring compliance can be challenging due to the volume and complexity of the documents involved. This study proposes a novel approach to extracting information from construction safety documents utilizing Large Language Models (LLM), called CSQA, to provide real-time, precise answers to queries related to safety regulations. The approach comprises three modules: (1) the construction safety investigation module (CSI) collects safety regulations for building the information needed. By leveraging a collection of safety regulation PDFs, the system follows a process of text extraction, preprocessing, and global indexing for efficient search. (2) The safety condition identification module (SCI) retrieves the CSI database; after that, the LLM, with its extensive training, processes user queries, searches the indexed regulations, and retrieves pertinent information. (3) the safety information delivery (SID) would provide the answer to the user and incorporate a feedback mechanism to further refine system accuracy based on user responses. Preliminary evaluations reveal the system's superior performance over traditional search engines, owing to its ability to grasp query context and nuances. The CSQA presents a promising method for accessing safety regulations, with potential benefits including reduced non-compliance incidents, enhanced worker safety, and streamlined regulatory consultations in construction
    Keywords: Construction safety document ; extraction ; LLM ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
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    Chapter A Value Stream Mapping Approach to the Identification of Lean Management Opportunities for Off-Site Construction Production: A Case of Reinforced Concrete Slabs (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: Off-site construction (OSC), including prefabrication and Modular-integrated Construction (MiC), is gaining popularity as a school of sustainable construction methods that can improve productivity, quality, and waste reduction. However, OSC projects face challenges related to technical integration, collaboration among stakeholders, and dynamic uncertainties. As a result, high-quality standards throughout the manufacturing process of OSC products are difficult to ensure, leading to costly rework, delays, and safety issues. This paper applies a value stream mapping (VSM) approach based on lean principles to OSC production for identifying lean management opportunities for off-site construction production. The case studied in this paper is reinforced concrete slabs. First, we employed a combination of field investigations and interviews to formalize the flow of materials and information for the case. Then, VSM processed the flow for the current state map, which highlights twelve opportunities to prioritize for slab production, e.g., the adoption of digital technology (VR, BIM) in information flows. The findings in value-added activities improvement of the opportunities demonstrate the potential of lean management in the slab production case. Furthermore, the VSM approach in this paper can identify the ‘wastes’ in lean theory, which are the control points of OSC production, for enhancing quality, efficiency, and resource utilization. The findings contribute to the existing body of knowledge by providing empirical evidence of the VSM approach to the identification of lean management opportunities for OSC production
    Keywords: Off-site construction ; Prefabricated products ; Lean management ; Value stream mapping ; Quality assurance ; Construction industrialization ; Lean construction ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
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    Chapter The two versions of the life of Pope Sergius II in the Liber pontificalis. Anti-Frankish feeling in Rome after Louis II’s expedition of 844 (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The analysis of the two versions of the life of Pope Sergius II (844-847) published by Louis Duchesne in his edition of the Liber pontificalis aims at identifying and discussing the tools developed by the Lateran to illustrate the relationship between the Apostolic See and Carolingian power at the time of the Emperor Lothair. I will first present the two versions of the life of Sergius and their circulation, then highlight the rhetorical strategies employed by the author to diminish the political significance of Louis II’s journey to Rome (844). Secondly, I will refer to the second part of the so-called Farnesianus version of the life of Sergius II. In this particular section, the author, before the incomplete report of the Saracen raid on the mouth of the Tiber and the sack of St. Peter's Basilica (846), critically describes the pontificate of Sergius II, dominated by the negative figure of the pontiff's brother, Benedict, who imposed his tyranny over Rome and its territory on behalf of the emperor (most likely as a missus on the imperial side). In this regard, it is interesting to evaluate which are the concealed arguments introduced here to represent the alleged effects of the application of the Constitutio Romana (824) on the socio-political structures of the city and on the history of the Roman Church, to offer a hypothesis on the context of the composition of this version of the life of Sergius II. In particular, I will dwell on the denouncing of the simoniacal heresy, shown to be have been triumphant during the pontificate of Sergius II, as sign of the re-emergence in Rome of a theme particularly strongly felt among the Carolingian reformers, and one which can perhaps be most associated with the pontificate of Sergius’ successor Leo IV (847-855).
    Keywords: Middle Ages ; 9th century ; Carolingian Italy ; Rome ; Pope Sergius II ; Pope Leo IV ; Saracens ; Liber pontificalis ; Codex Farnesianus ; simony ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: English
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    Chapter EGIPSS model for the evaluation of performance in healthcare (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-09-22
    Description: The need to improve performance in the Italian healthcare sector and thereby optimise the availability and delivery of related services has long been recognised. The associated reforms and developmental programmes have meant that the focus of health services has moved from a means-based approach to a results-based approach; which was an essential step to enabling real performance improvements according to the new public management paradigm. What is essential is a means of measuring and evaluating changes in healthcare sector performance which will support policy-makers to provide transparency and accountability, in accordance with the Tallinn Charter. This is particularly relevant in the healthcare sector, where outcomes are critical. This paper examines the concept of performance and performance assessment in the healthcare sector; acknowledging the inherent difficulties caused by the complexity of the systems and the multiplicity of performance-related definitions involved. This latter point is illustrated by the fact that many international organisations, such as the WHO and the OECD, have used varying models to assess and compare the performance of health systems in different countries. The authors have compared and evaluated a wide range of models and have determined the merits of the EGIPSS (Évaluation Globale et Intégrée de la Performance des Systèmes de Santé) integrative model. This is based on Parson's theory of social action which specifies four functions necessary for an organisation to survive. EGIPSS takes into consideration the conceptual contributions of different organisations, and covers a comparatively large number of performance measurements. A detailed illustration of the methodology is presented, together with some healthcare-related results for the Republic of San Marino and parts of the Marche Region in Italy.
    Keywords: Health system ; performance ; indicators ; governance ; assessment ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBC Social research & statistics
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    AXMEDIS 2007 Conference Proceedings (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: The AXMEDIS International Conference series has been established since 2005 and is focused on the research, developments and applications in the cross-media domain, exploring innovative technologies to meet the challenges of the sector. AXMEDIS2007 deals with all subjects and topics related to cross-media and digital-media content production, processing, management, standards, representation, sharing, interoperability, protection and rights management. It addresses the latest developments and future trends of the technologies and their applications, their impact and exploitation within academic, business and industrial communities.
    Keywords: Informatica ; Tecnologia dell'informazione ; Pubblicazioni elettroniche ; Archivi aperti ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
    Language: English
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    Chapter Representations of Lothar I in the Liber pontificalis Ravennatis (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Lothar looms large in the Liber pontificalis of Ravenna, an episcopal gesta composed after 846 by a local cleric of that city named Agnellus. In its prefatory verse, Lothar was tied to the memory of his grandfather Charlemagne, and afterwards was presented as an ally of the city and its church, a relationship sealed by the service of the bishop George (837-846) as godfather to Lothar’s daughter Rotruda. Furthermore, upon the death of Louis the Pious, as part of an embassy attempting to resolve the conflicts between Lothar and his brothers, George sought to affirm Ravenna privileges on the eve of the battle of Fontenoy, an event described quite differently from other sources. Completed following these struggles, the Liber pontificalis of Ravenna used this image of Lothar to further claims of the special status of the city, especially in its independence from Rome and longstanding imperial connections, and actively sought to legitimize Lothar’s own position through a juxtaposition with Charlemagne. Although preserved in the accounts of the bishops of Ravenna, the singular efforts to elevate and memorialize Lothar differ from other contemporary institutional chronicles, and underscore the tension inherent in the narrative.
    Keywords: Middle Ages ; 9th century ; Italy ; Ravenna ; Lothar I ; Agnellus of Ravenna ; Liber pontificalis Ravennatis ; civic memory ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: English
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    Chapter Ships and Trade: The Role of Public Navigation in Renaissance Venice (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: The paper aims at understanding the role that public navigation played for the Venetian merchant firms in the Renaissance. Thanks to the use of accountability, two case studies will be analysed to understand the involvement of private traders in the State galley system and their impact on the operations of the city’s business in the late 15th century.
    Keywords: economic history ; venice ; commercial networks ; 15th century ; international trade
    Language: English
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    Chapter Exploring competitiveness and wellbeing in Italy by spatial principal component analysis (2022)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-09-22
    Description: Well being is a multidimensional phenomenon, that cannot be measured by a single descriptive indicator and that, it should be represented by multiple dimensions. It requires, to be measured by combination of different dimensions that can be considered together as components of the phenomenon. This combination can be obtained by applying methodologies knows as Composite Indicators (CIs). CIs are largely used to have a comprehensive view on a phenomenon that cannot be captured by a single indicator. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is one of the most popular multivariate statistical technique used for reducing data with many dimension, and often well being indicators are obtained using PCA. PCA is implicitly based on a reflective measurement model that it non suitable for all types of indicators. Mazziotta and Pareto (2013) in their paper discuss the use and misuse of PCA for measuring well-being. The classical PCA is not suitable for data collected on the territory because it does not take into account the spatial autocorrelation present in the data. The aim of this paper is to propose the use of Spatial Principal Component Analysis for measuring well being in the Italian Provinces.
    Keywords: Well being ; Spatial Principal Component Analysis (sPCA) ; Composite Indicators ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBC Social research & statistics
    Language: English
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    Chapter Funduq, Fondaco, Feitoria. The Portuguese Contribution to the Globalisation of an Institution of Overseas Trade (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: A particular kind of institutions contributed importantly to the organisation of overseas trade: funduqs and fondacos which originated around the medieval Mediterranean. This article aims to contribute to the debate on these institutions. This will be done by looking at the Portuguese feitoria, which may be considered as the missing link between the medieval Mediterranean institutions known as funduqs and fondacos and the early modern factories overseas. This allows to shed new light on relations and entanglements between different seascapes and thus to contribute to the fields of new institutional economics and global history.
    Keywords: economic history ; portugal ; international trade ; institutions
    Language: English
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    Chapter 23 Voices and Visions: Mind, Body and Affect in Medieval Writing (2021)
    Edinburgh University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: In this landmark Companion, expert contributors from around the world map out the field of the critical medical humanities. This is the first volume to introduce comprehensively the ways in which interdisciplinary thinking across the humanities and social sciences might contribute to, critique and develop medical understanding of the human individually and collectively. The thirty-six newly commissioned chapters range widely within and across disciplinary fields, always alert to the intersections between medicine, as broadly defined, and critical thinking. Each chapter offers suggestions for further reading on the issues raised, and each section concludes with an Afterword, written by a leading critic, outlining future possibilities for cutting-edge work in this area. Topics covered in this volume include: the affective body, biomedicine, blindness, breath, disability, early modern medical practice, fatness, the genome, language, madness, narrative, race, systems biology, performance, the postcolonial, public health, touch, twins, voice and wonder. Together the chapters generate a body of new knowledge and make a decisive intervention into how health, medicine and clinical care might address questions of individual, subjective and embodied experience.
    Keywords: affect ; medical humanities ; experimentation ; mind ; body ; evidence ; imagination ; affect ; medical humanities ; experimentation ; mind ; body ; evidence ; imagination ; Cognition ; Geoffrey Chaucer ; God ; Medieval literature ; Middle Ages ; Mysticism ; Supernatural ; Vision (spirituality) ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBS Medical sociology
    Language: English
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    Chapter Psychometric properties of a new scale for measuring academic positive psychological capital (2022)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-09-22
    Description: Positive psychological capital (PsyCap) is the name given to a set of psychological dimensions (hope, resilience, self-efficacy, and optimism) that may support students in their effort to achieve better academic results and even improve the employability of graduates. These dimensions could help students to achieve better academic results and impact fresh graduates’ ability to stand the labour market in times of crisis. A scale, called Academic PsyCap, was specifically developed to evaluate the four PsyCap dimensions among students and fresh graduates. To deeply investigate the structural validity of the scale, three alternative models (one-factor model, correlated four-factor model, bifactor model) were run on the responses provided by about 1,600 fresh graduates at the University of Padua. The results indicated that the bifactor model fit the data better than the other two models. In this model, all items significantly loaded on both their own domain specific factor and on the general factor. The values of Percentage of Uncontaminated Correlations (PUC), Explained Common Variance (ECV), and Hierarchical Omega suggested that multidimensionality in the scale was not severe enough to disqualify the use of a total PsyCap score. The scale was found to be invariant across gender and academic degree (bachelor’s and master’s degree). Internal consistency indices were satisfactory for the four dimensions and the total scale.
    Keywords: Academic PsyCap ; Fresh graduates ; Bifactor model ; Measurement invariance ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBC Social research & statistics
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    Chapter Visualization of Weather-Aware Ambient Heat Risks With Global Illumination in Game Engine (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: In recent years, the risk of heat stroke has been increasing due to global warming and other factors, and the Ministry of the Environment has been using the heat index to alert people in urban areas. Still, citizens need help knowing the detailed risk information for their neighborhoods. The heat index considers the human body's heat balance and is measured with specialized instruments, so comprehensive and high-density measurement is difficult. In this research, by using global illumination (GI) and primary weather data obtained from the Open Weather Map API for each area, we can realistically render the sunlight condition considering the weather and map and visualize the heat index per pixel based on shaded CG. Furthermore, by reconstructing urban 3D geometry from Google Maps, we have developed a system that visualizes the ever-changing heat index distribution for an arbitrary location in real time. The system has shown the possibility of reducing the number of heat stroke patients by using this system
    Keywords: heat index ; WBGT (wet bulb globe temperature) ; real-time global illumination ; game engine ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
    Language: English
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    Chapter Blockchain-BPMN Integrated Framework for Construction Management (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: Implementing blockchain benefits various construction management processes, such as securing payments, enabling traceable design process, and enhancing information transparency in supply chain. However, blockchain implementation in construction is still in its infancy due to weak functionality of smart contracts, which are self-enforceable programs allowing iteration between external data and blockchain. In the context of construction management that embraces complex and dynamic business processes, smart contracts are currently designed based on specific and isolated functional requirements without considering the connection and execution logic between these functions. It leads to inefficient collaboration and even execution errors, thereby corrupting data quality and even causing business failure. Therefore, this paper proposes a Blockchain-BPMN (Business Process Model and Notation) integrated (BBI) framework for construction management. The framework poses two contributions. First, a BPMN-driven method is developed to design smart contracts supporting executing linked and logically connected business activities. Second, an access control strategy is integrated into smart contracts to safeguard the accessibility of sensitive business data in a blockchain environment. The BBI framework is validated in an actual BIM design collaboration scenario, and results show its feasibility and computational performance are acceptable. Several aspects for improvement and future directions are discussed in the end
    Keywords: Smart contract ; Blockchain ; BPMN ; Construction business process ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
    Language: English
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    Chapter Canons, books of canons, and ecclesiastical judgments in Carolingian Italy: the Council of Mantua, 827 (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: The long-running jurisdictional dispute between the patriarchs of Aquileia and Grado entered a period of particular activity in the 820s, culminating in a judicial decision in Aquileia’s favor at the Council of Mantua in 827. This council and its consequences offer fertile ground for exploring the ways that texts figured in ecclesiastical conflicts in ninth-century Italy. Recent work has shed light on the role hagiographical texts played in this dispute. This chapter examines another “textual” dimension: the role of canons and canon-law norms in arguments and decisions, in the “courtroom” and beyond. The chapter concludes with brief discussion of a different case, from Lucca, that shows with particular clarity the close connection that could exist between canon law in the manuscripts and in legal practice.
    Keywords: Middle Ages ; 9th century ; North-Eastern Italy ; Mantua ; Aquileia-Grado ; Maxentius ; canon law ; legal practice ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: English
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    Chapter iSafe Welding System: Computer Vision-Based Monitoring System for Safe Welding Work (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: The construction industry faces significant challenges, including a high prevalence of occupational incidents, often involving fires, explosions, and burn-related accidents due to worker non-compliance with safety protocols. Adherence to safety guidelines and proper utilization of safety equipment are critical to preventing such incidents and safeguarding workers in hazardous work environments. Consequently, a monitoring system tailored for construction safety during welding operations becomes imperative to mitigate the risk of fire accidents. This paper conducts a brief analysis of OSHA rules pertaining to welding work and introduces the iSafe Welding system, an advanced real-time safety monitoring and compliance enforcement solution designed specifically for construction site welding operations. Harnessing the real-time object detection algorithm YOLOv7 in conjunction with rule-based scene classification, the system excels in identifying potential safety violations. Rigorous evaluation, encompassing precision, recall, mean Average Precision (mAP), accuracy, and the F1-Score, sheds light on its strengths and areas for improvement. The system showcases robust performance in rule-based scene classification, achieving high accuracy, precision, and recall rates. Notably, the iSafe Welding system demonstrates a formidable potential for enhancing construction site safety and regulatory compliance. Ongoing enhancements, including dataset expansion and model refinement, underscore its commitment to real-world deployment and its strength in ensuring worker safety
    Keywords: Safety monitoring ; scene classification ; welding work ; fire prevention ; construction safety ; OSHA rules compliance ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
    Language: English
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    Chapter How to become a pastry chef: a statistical analysis through the company requirements (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-09-22
    Description: The definition of requested requirements by the companies represents one of the key aspects for the entrance of new professional figures. In particular, focusing the attention on food & beverage sector, in this study two job profiles are considered: pastry chef e pastry assistant. Data for this analysis are collected by The AdeccoGroup in Italy in 2016 and 2017. The personal competencies to make capable to face the growing flexibility of the profession are object of specified request cross-sectional to more economic sectors. After a brief description of the database content, the principal objective of the research is to report the most requested requirements for the companies. Other analysis are provided to show possible relationships among these requirements and the previous experience owned by candidates. Finally, a comparison is presented about the competencies requested by the two job figures using descriptive statistics and classification techniques.
    Keywords: Labour Market ; Professional figures ; Food & Beverage sector ; Logistic Regression ; Factor analysis ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBC Social research & statistics
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    Chapter Early Detection and Reconstruction of Abnormal Data Using Hybrid VAE-LSTM Framework (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Early failure detection and abnormal data reconstruction in sensor data provided by building ventilation control systems are critical for public health. Early detection of abnormal data can help prevent failures in crucial components of ventilation systems, which can result in a variety of issues, from energy wastage to catastrophic outcomes. However, conventional fault detection models ignore valuable features of dynamic fluctuations in indoor air quality (IAQ) measurements and early warning signals of faulty sensor data. This study introduces a hybrid framework for early failure detection and abnormal data reconstruction applying variance analysis and variational autoencoders (VAE) coupled with the long short-term memory network (VAE-LSTM). The periodicity and stable fluctuation of IAQ data are exploited by variance analysis to detect unusual variations before failure occurs. The IAQ dataset which is corrupted by introducing complete failure, bias failure and precision degradation fault is then used to verify the feasibility of the VAE-LSTM model. The results of variance analysis reveal that unusual behavior of the data can be detected as early as 12 hours before failure occurs. The reconstruction performance of the developed method is shown to be superior to other methods under different abnormal data scenarios
    Keywords: Early failure detection ; Abnormal data reconstruction ; Variational autoencoder (VAE) ; Long short-term memory network (LSTM) ; Sustainable IAQ management ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
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    Chapter Reducing inconsistency in AHP by combining Delphi and Nudge theory and network analysis of the judgements: an application to future scenarios (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-09-22
    Description: The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a Multi-Criteria method in which a number of decision factors (typically criteria and alternatives) are compared pairwise by one or more experts, using the Saaty scale, with the goal of sorting the alternatives (Saaty, 1977; 1980). For group AHP the Delphi method can be used in parallel with the AHP (Di Zio and Maretti, 2014), and this allows the search for a consensus on each pairwise judgement. A big issue of the AHP regards the inconsistency of the pairwise comparison matrices and here we propose a new method to reduce the inconsistency. As a solution we exploit the Nudge theory (Thaler and Sunstein, 2008) and from the second round of the Delphi survey, we calculate and circulate a Nudge to “gentle push” the experts towards more consistent evaluations. Furthermore, we propose the representation of the AHP matrices through graphs. In a direct graph two nodes are linked with two direct and weighted edges (or one edge with the direction based on the weights), where the weights indicate the evaluation given by an expert or, for a group, the geometric mean of the judgements. This type of visualization facilitates the reading of the results and could also be used as real-time feedback in the Delphi process, by displaying on the edges also a measure of variability. An application is proposed, on the evaluation of four future scenarios on the regulation of genetic modification experiments, assessed by a panel of 27 experts according to different criteria (plausibility, consistency and simplicity). The application demonstrated that it is possible to: a) reduce the inconsistency; b) collect useful textual material which enrich the AHP itself; c) use the inconsistency index as a stopping criterion for the Delphi rounds; d) display the pairwise comparison matrices with graphs.
    Keywords: Analytic Hierarchy Process ; Delphi ; Nudge theory ; Inconsistency ; Graphs ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBC Social research & statistics
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    Chapter Profiling visitors of a national park in Italy through unsupervised classification of mixed data (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-09-22
    Description: Cluster analysis has for long been an effective tool for analysing data. Thus, several disciplines, such as marketing, psychology and computer sciences, just to mention a few, did take advantage from its contribution over time. Traditionally, this kind of algorithm concentrates only on numerical or categorical data at a time. In this work, instead, we analyse a dataset composed of mixed data, namely both numerical than categorical ones. More precisely, we focus on profiling visitors of the National Park of Majella in the Abruzzo region of Italy, which observations are characterized by variables such as gender, age, profession, expectations and satisfaction rate on park services. Applying a standard clustering procedure would be wholly inappropriate in this case. Therefore, we hereby propose an unsupervised classification of mixed data, a specific procedure capable of processing both numerical than categorical variables simultaneously, releasing truly precious information. In conclusion, our application therefore emphasizes how cluster analysis for mixed data can lead to discover particularly informative patterns, allowing to lay the groundwork for an accurate customers profiling, starting point for a detailed marketing analysis.
    Keywords: Cluster analysis ; mixed data ; unsupervised learning ; customers profiling ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBC Social research & statistics
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    Chapter Venetian Trading Firm of the Soranzo Brothers (1406-1434) and Its Commercial Network (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: This paper contributes to the discussion of merchant networks in late medieval Europe by presenting a case study of the Soranzo fraterna, a Venetian trading firm which comprised brothers Donado, Giacomo (Jacopo), Piero, and Lorenzo Soranzo and operated in the first half of the 15th century, specializing mainly in the import of raw cotton from Syria. The author applies the methodology of so-cial network analysis (SNA) in order to reconstruct the egocentric (ego-centered) network of ties linking the Soranzo firm (“the ego”) with its partners and clients (“alters”).
    Keywords: economic history ; venice ; commercial networks ; 14th century ; international trade
    Language: English
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    Chapter Towards Construction Safety Management Maturity Model in the Industry 4.0 Era: A State-of-the-Art Review (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: While the advantages of leveraging advanced technologies and Industry 4.0 for effective safety management have been extensively recognized, the journey towards a more mature integration of Industry 4.0 technologies into safety management practices often lacks a well-defined and systematic guidance map. This research is a step towards providing organizations with a structured approach to navigate and achieve successful safety management transformation, enabling them to fully harness the potential of industry 4.0 technologies in the workplace. Two rounds of systematic literature reviews (SLRs) are conducted to narrow down the number of articles based on the PRISMA method, which are then subjected to further content analysis. The study highlights the integration of Industry 4.0 technologies within the domains of People, Process, and Policy and their significance in advancing safety maturity. This research uncovered key themes, providing valuable insights that will shape the conceptual maturity model structure of safety management based on the innovative nature of Industry 4.0 to enhance their safety culture to align with. The results provide a fertile ground for a Smart Safety Maturity Model, to integrate technologies to elevate safety drivers in construction safety management
    Keywords: Industry 4.0 ; Maturity model ; safety management ; construction industry ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
    Language: English
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    E4 Thematic Network (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: This Thematic Network aims at developing the European dimension of Higher Engineering Education by enhancing the compatibility of the many diverse routes to the profession of engineer, by facilitating greater mobility and integration of skilled personnel throughout Europe, by favouring a mutual exchange of skills and competences and providing a platform for communication between academics and professionals. Five main activities have been organised under the overall umbrella of the Thematic Network.The work contains 6 volumes.
    Keywords: Ingegneria ; Formazione ; Atti di convegno ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AM Architecture ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBC Engineering: general ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TN Civil engineering, surveying and building ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
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    Chapter Longitudinal profile of a set of biomarkers in predicting Covid-19 mortality using joint models (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-09-22
    Description: In survival analysis, time-varying covariates are endogenous when their measurements are directly related to the event status and incomplete information occur at random points during the follow-up. Consequently, the time-dependent Cox model leads to biased estimates. Joint models (JM) allow to correctly estimate these associations combining a survival and longitudinal sub-models by means of a shared parameter (i.e., random effects of the longitudinal sub-model are inserted in the survival one). This study aims at showing the use of JM to evaluate the association between a set of inflammatory biomarkers and Covid-19 mortality. During Covid-19 pandemic, physicians at Istituto Clinico di Città Studi in Milan collected biomarkers (endogenous time-varying covariates) to understand what might be used as prognostic factors for mortality. Furthermore, in the first epidemic outbreak, physicians did not have standard clinical protocols for management of Covid-19 disease and measurements of biomarkers were highly incomplete especially at the baseline. Between February and March 2020, a total of 403 COVID-19 patients were admitted. Baseline characteristics included sex and age, whereas biomarkers measurements, during hospital stay, included log-ferritin, log-lymphocytes, log-neutrophil granulocytes, log-C-reactive protein, glucose and LDH. A Bayesian approach using Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm were used for fitting JM. Independent and non-informative priors for the fixed effects (age and sex) and for shared parameters were used. Hazard ratios (HR) from a (biased) time-dependent Cox and joint models for log-ferritin levels were 2.10 (1.67-2.64) and 1.73 (1.38-2.20), respectively. In multivariable JM, doubling of biomarker levels resulted in a significantly increase of mortality risk for log-neutrophil granulocytes, HR=1.78 (1.16-2.69); for log-C-reactive protein, HR=1.44 (1.13-1.83); and for LDH, HR=1.28 (1.09-1.49). Increasing of 100 mg/dl of glucose resulted in a HR=2.44 (1.28-4.26). Age, however, showed the strongest effect with mortality risk starting to rise from 60 years.
    Keywords: Endogenous time-varying covariates ; Time-dependent Cox model ; Joint models ; Inflammatory biomarkers ; Covid-19 mortality ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBC Social research & statistics
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    Chapter Conclusions (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: The summary highlights the extent to which the articles collected here go beyond previous research on bishops and open up new perspectives: The contributions no longer only ask about the "hard power" of bishops. Instead, they focus on episcopal "soft power": they impressively show that bishops knew how to use books, pen and ink to manipulate ideas and convictions and to reframe discourses. A basis for this new approach is provided by the scans of medieval manuscripts, which are now made available by libraries in Europe in large numbers and excellent quality.
    Keywords: Middle Ages ; 9th century ; Italy ; bishops ; soft power ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: English
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    Chapter The Impacts of Digital Fabrication on the Construction Industry: A Systematic Review (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: The building industry is a major consumer of natural resources and a large contributor to environmental degradation, leading to a need to rethink current building practices. Digital fabrication (Dfab) technologies, which transform design and engineering data into physical products, are gaining traction in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry. This study aimed to evaluate the implications of digital fabrication in the construction industry, by identifying the current Dfab applications and the hindrances that are limiting its implementation. The research questions addressed were why Dfab is essential in the construction sector, the current state-of-the-art of Dfab in the construction industry, and how Dfab is improving the construction industry. Through a systematic literature review, the findings proposed that Dfab can revolutionize the construction sector, enabling freeform architecture, reducing construction costs, cutting material waste, and increasing worker safety. Nevertheless, further research is needed to overcome obstacles such as high costs and the lack of digital skills in the construction industry
    Keywords: Digital fabrication ; Construction industry ; Project management ; Digital technology ; Systematic review. ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
    Language: English
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    Chapter Markets and Merchants: Commercial and Cultural Integration in Northwest Europe, 1300-1700 (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: Between the thirteenth and seventeenth centuries commerce in northern Europe expanded and contracted. The long term net effect of the trade increase was an overall substantial impact on the economy and on the culture of the lands around the North and Baltic Seas. The development of interdependent markets can be indicated by examining the tendency of prices to converge in different places. Relying on previous research and novel ways of constructing indices using price data from a number of ports in northern Europe it is possible to confirm both the long term direction, with ups and downs, toward market integration as well as the emergence in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries of regional markets in certain food grains.
    Keywords: economic history ; international trade ; commercial networks ; northern Europe ; 14th-17th centuries
    Language: English
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    Chapter Maritime Networks and Premodern Conflict Management on Multiple Levels. The Example of Danzig and the Giese Family (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: This article argues that a novel way to analyse maritime networks in premodern northern Europe is to trace the activities of people involved in conflict management. These people were traders, magistrates, judges, urban diplomats: sometimes all comprised in one person or a family. Specifically, if we take the Hanseatic city of Danzig and the Giese family as an example, it becomes apparent that these ‘conflict managers’ operated on various levels: the city, the region, the state, the Hanse and on the level of politics and economic policy between states and cities. Economic interests and conflicts were intertwined with political, social and cultural matters, and should be investigated together.
    Keywords: economic history ; danzig ; international trade ; commercial networks ; hansa
    Language: English
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    Chapter Useful knowledge, technological innovation and economic development in the European ceramic industries, 14th-18th centuries (2023)
    Firenze University Press | L’economia della conoscenza: innovazione, produttività e crescita economica nei secoli XIII-XVIII / The knowledge economy: innovation, productivity and economic growth, 13th to 18th century
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Ceramics have been essential in the domestic sphere and their production has undergone in the preindustrial era technological and cultural changes whose importance is obvious. This paper is to show in a very concise way how the production of European glazed ceramics underwent three phases of intense transformation of useful knowledge related to its production, with a successive accumulation leading to increasingly efficient results and a higher level of productivity. Moreover, it can be safely stated that, without this accumulation, the great progress of the 19th century in this area would have been impossible.
    Keywords: Ceramics ; Knowledge Economy ; useful knowledge ; Middle Ages ; Early Modern Ages ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology
    Language: English
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    Chapter Localizing and Visualizing the Degree of People Crowding with an Omnidirectional Camera by Different Times (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: The Corona Disaster increased the demand for information on the degree of human crowding, as it was essential to balance avoiding restricting behavior and reducing the risk of crowding. Although there are many technologies for detecting people using monitoring cameras, the number of cameras installed in a wide area is costly, and coverage is limited. In this study, we propose a method to qualitatively visualize the distribution of people by using images captured by a moving omnidirectional camera from the viewpoint of facility management during regular security patrols. Omnidirectional images are used for both 3D modeling of the target space based on SfM (structure from motion) and person detection/tracking by machine learning. The distribution of people is visualized qualitatively by obtaining the positions of the extracted people on the 3D model of the site and mapping them. The parallel software processing of visitor observation and mapping is expected to be highly cost-effective in terms of implementation and operation. On the other hand, although there are time deviations in the mapping depending on the location, the visualization and the updated time show their usefulness in understanding the distribution of congestion
    Keywords: COVID-19 ; people's congestion ; omnidirectional camera ; SfM (Structure from Motion) ; machine-learning ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
    Language: English
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    Chapter «Per Padum fluvium termino currente usque [...] Civitatem Novam atque Mutinam». Consolidation and affirmation of the Church of Modena and Its bishops in 9th-entury Carolingian Italy (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This paper seeks to trace the developments which led the Church of Modena and its bishops to acquire a pre-eminent position in its diocese in the second half of the ninth century and for much of the following one. The analysis sets out from the highly fragmented post-Roman territorial context and from the efforts made by Lombard kings, which were mostly directed towards the fiscal estate of Cittanova, rather than the ancient Roman civitas of Mutina. Particular attention is paid to the figure of Bishop Leodoin and to the manuscripts attributed to him in the Chapter Library, especially the famous Codex legum (O.I.2), for which a different production context is suggested, prior to its acquisition by the Church of Modena.
    Keywords: Middle Ages ; 9th century ; Italy ; Modena ; Leodoin ; fiscal estates ; bishops’ soft power ; lay manuscripts ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: English
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    Chapter Introduction (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: This volume aims to foster the dialogue between two usually distinct scholarly traditions: on the one hand, the studies revolving around cultural and political activity, as well as the didactic, theological, religious and pastoral initiatives undertaken by the Dominican Order in the urban context; on the other hand, the scholarship on the history of Florence between the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, seen as a case study representative of the evolutions of late medieval communal institutions in the Italian peninsula. The essays focus on the reciprocal interactions and influences between religious and political cultures, along with those between mendicant and lay contexts.
    Keywords: Middle Ages ; 13th-14th Centuries ; Dominican Order ; Florence ; Convent of Santa Maria Novella
    Language: English
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    Chapter Sizing & Allocation in Labour Market: business strategies and multivariate analysis (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-09-22
    Description: In Labour Market, the issue of Sizing and Allocation is a discussed problem. In this study, this topic has been considered from a statistical point of view. Indeed, the choice to change the number of your team of employees in a business context needs a very accurate analysis. If for example a firm decides to launch a new product on the market, it could be necessary to recruit new resources. The proposed statistical approach aims to give some hints about the total number of employees analysing the features of the existing market and the territorial geography. From a statistical point of two techniques of multivariate analysis have been presented as exploratory tools. In the application, a Principal Component Analysis has been used to investigate the business environment after some qualitative interviews to the board of the company. In a second step, some different scenarios have been proposed to determine the exact number of new resources using a data hybridization technique including internal and external sources. Finally, the allocation of the new hired of the scenarios on the Italian territory has been achieved thanks to the construction of a territorial potential index.
    Keywords: Labour Market ; Multivariate analysis ; Number of employees ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBC Social research & statistics
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    Chapter Black Sea and its Maritime Networks, 1770s-1820s. The Beginnings of Its European Integratio (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: This paper examines the first 50 transitional years of a sea of isolation to a sea of internationalization. It provides analytical tools to reveal the mechanisms of how this was done. To do so it places in the centre of the analysis the sea. By using the approach of maritime history, an analysis beyond political borders, it follows the glance from the sea and its effects on land. In this way it examines the shipping movements of cargoes and people on the sea and the development and impact of this developmentaround the sea, on the Black Sea maritime regions, the port cities that grew and the entrepreneurs that triggered this growth and established its maritime networks.
    Keywords: economic history ; commercial networks ; 18th century ; black sea ; international trade
    Language: English
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    Chapter Experience, sensorial skills and personality qualifying a wine consumer as an expert (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-09-22
    Description: This paper analyses the characteristics of wine consumers that may qualify them as wine experts. The wine evaluation expertise of consumers, as measured by various degrees of self-perceived ability, is hypothesised to causally depend on cognitive and non-cognitive characteristics of wine experience, on sensorial skills relevant for wine assessment and on wine consumption-related personality aspects. Our work consisted in measuring and analysing the relationships between the self-assessment of the ability to wine assessment given by a convenience sample of consumers and the qualification of their consumption experience and training (ranging from “simple” consumer to producer/seller to professional sommeliers), their sensorial (olfactory, flavour) skills and enogastronomic culture. Wine culture is defined as the capacity to harmonise wine and food and conceive wine as a nutritional, social and health-related means. The analysed data refer to a tasting experiment held as a social activity during a scientific meeting in Pescara, Italy, in 2018. The sample of wine assessors who filled in the evaluation questionnaire included both meeting participants and people belonging to AIS-Abruzzo, the regional association of chartered sommeliers. The data collected at wine tasters showed that there were strong relationships between the self-evaluation as wine expert and the consumption experience, the assessment skills, and the wine consumption “culture”. The relationships differed according to age, activity and length of wine consumption experience of the assessors.
    Keywords: Wine expert ; Wine consumption ; Sensorial skills ; Wine culture ; Multivariate analysis ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBC Social research & statistics
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    Chapter Determinants of the transition to upper secondary school: differences between immigrants and Italians (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-09-22
    Description: The determinants of the transition from lower secondary to upper secondary school of Italian and immigrant teenagers (16-19 age range) were identified joining the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) and the Italian Survey on Income and Living Conditions of Families with Immigrants in Italy (IM-SILC) for 2009. A set of individual, family, and contextual characteristics was selected through the Lasso method and a Bayesian approach to explain the choice of upper secondary schooling (yes/no). The transition from the low secondary to upper secondary school showed a complex pattern involving many variables: compared to men, women did not prove to have any differences, many components of income entered the model in a parabolic form, education level and income of parents proved to be very important, as was their occupation. The contextual factors revealed their importance: the latter included the degree of urbanisation, the South macro-region, household tenure status, the amount of optional technological equipment, and so on. Differences between Italians and immigrants disappeared when family background and parental characteristics were taken into account.
    Keywords: Lower-to-upper ; secondary transition ; school-to-work ; transition ; educational inequality ; parents’ effects on education ; Lasso method ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBC Social research & statistics
    Language: English
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    Chapter Cognitive Dynamics for Construction Management Learning Tasks in Mixed Reality Environments (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: Technologies to communicate construction project information (engineering designs, schedules) have evolved into a wider range of innovative ecosystems for engineering practices (e.g., cloud-based 3D representations and advanced immersive environments). There is a lack of exploration of effective user interaction for learning and training in relation to how presented information influences cognition in these ecosystems. The presented research investigates the users’ cognitive and attentional differences using the interactive capabilities of Mixed reality (MX) technology. The enhanced user-situation interactions are analyzed by measuring cognitive dynamics with an emphasis on two processes (attentional focus and cognitive load) in relation to the challenge of the engineering learning task— defined by its complexity (limited time frame for observations of the situations, number of required observations) and nature (episodic). Cognitive dynamics were measured using an electroencephalography (EEG) device that senses electrical activity in response to changing levels of cognitive stimuli via electrodes placed on the scalp. Measuring fluctuations in cognitive processing (related to the intensity of various task demands) allows associating efforts on semantic information processing for learning and training tasks (e.g., walkthroughs for safety checks in job site in MX). The approach enhances opportunities to design technology that best adapts to the user needs for engineering practices with an efficient comprehensive performance assessment
    Keywords: Electroencephalography (EEG) ; Dynamics of attention ; Cognitive load ; Cognitive processing ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
    Language: English
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    Chapter Tracking Venice’s Maritime Traffic in the First Age of Globalization: A Geospatial Analysis (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: The present collaborative work in progress is an empirical attempt verifying the interplay between political change, fleet nationality, and the evolution of shipping networks. On the basis of historical data on ship positions retracted from archival sources, we create GIS-based online maps to conduct a geospatial analysis of the traffic intensity and movement patterns along the regional and inter-regional sea routes that connected the Venetian port system with the Mediterranean ports, with special attention to the Eastern Mediterranean. In this sense, the platform “simulates” modern real-time technologies used to visualise shipping trends per vessel types.
    Keywords: economic history ; mediterranean ; venice ; international trade
    Language: English
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    Chapter Does an entrepreneurial spirit animate fresh graduates in their work-seeking during uncertain times? (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-09-22
    Description: The labour market is becoming harder and harder even for graduates. The economic difficulties added by Covid-19 restrictions worsened the graduates’ employability. In our opinion, public authorities should intervene to soften the school-to-work transition and graduates should become more entrepreneurial to overcome own market difficulties. We realised a survey on graduates from Padua University, the largest university in the Veneto region, Italy. In this survey, among other things, the entrepreneurial spirit of graduates was investigated. This spirit is intended as both the propensity to undertake an own business and the skill to find own ways and resources to overcome the possible difficulties while searching for a job either as employee or self-employed. It emerged that the propensity to start an own business concerns only a bunch of fresh graduates and that the capacity to implement personality resources is large among young people but remains unexplored because of cultural and contingent reasons.
    Keywords: Labour market ; Graduates' employabilitym Entrepreneurial disposition ; Job seeking ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBC Social research & statistics
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    Chapter A bibliometric study of global research activity in relation to the use of partial least squares for policy evaluation (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-09-22
    Description: Structural equation modeling (SEM), especially partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) has become a mainstream method in many fields of research. In the last years it has been increasingly disseminated in a variety of disciplines. The researchers have been promoting this new statistical methods for the evaluation of policies. Generally, policy evaluation applies evaluation principles and methods to examine the content, implementation or impact of a policy. To better understand and characterize this trend, a bibliometric study of international papers on this subject has been developed in order to describe the use of SEM and PLS-PM approaches in the policy evaluation in the almost last 20 years. A total of 450 articles from 2000 to 2020 have been selected and analyzed in order to discover the research trends in this field and the main dimensions and words related to the terms “decision making” and “SEM-PLS” approach, that are most commonly employed in the scientific literature. The research has been conducted in theWeb of Science from ISI Web of Knowledge database and Scopus database, with the aim of identifying the major themes, authors, areas, types of the sources, titles, years of publication and countries of these publications, as well as the main themes related to the two topic analyzed
    Keywords: PLS-PM ; Bibliometrics analysis ; Decision making ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBC Social research & statistics
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    Bioinformatics of genome evolution: from ancestral to modern metabolism (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Bioinformatics, that is the interdisciplinary field that blends computer science and biostatistics with biological and biomedical sciences, is expected to gain a central role in next feature. Indeed, it has now affected several fields of biology, providing crucial hints for the understanding of biological systems and also allowing a more accurate design of wet lab experiments. In this work, the analysis of sequence data has be used in different fields, such as evolution (e.g. the assembly and evolution of metabolism), infections control (e.g. the horizontal flow of antibiotic resistance), ecology (bacterial bioremediation).
    Keywords: thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
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    Chapter Efficient Data Curation Using Active Learning for a Video-Based Fire Detection (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-11
    Description: Video-based fire detection is a crucial object detection problem that relies on accurate and reliable data to detect fires. However, collecting and labeling fire-related data can be time-consuming and expensive, making it difficult to obtain sufficient data for training machine learning models. To address this challenge, uncertainty-based active learning techniques can be used to iteratively select the most informative samples for labeling. This can reduce the amount of labeled data needed to achieve high model performance and has the potential to even prune the training data with fewer informative samples. The traditional sampling-based uncertainty estimation methods are computationally expensive. Hence, an efficient prior network-based ensemble distillation State-of-the-Art approach is evaluated on an internal dataset which still requires relatively higher overhead computation making it difficult for production deployment. A biased softmax differencing-based uncertainty approach and a feature-based hard data mining approach are proposed and compared with the distillation approach. The novel approaches are found to have a very low overhead uncertainty estimation time compared to the ensemble distillation approach and traditional sampling techniques. The methods are evaluated in the context of curating the unlabeled pool data and improving the training data. For completeness, the experiments are performed on three different data sizes, and overall, the frame-wise selection strategy is proved to be better than the sequence-wise querying strategy. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA)-based hard data mining outperformed other methods and improved the model performance by 16.33% with AUC2% metric when compared with the random selection of data. The approach even outperformed the main network trained on full data by 7.33%, henceforth improving the training data by using informative 26.39% data. The results indicate that novel data mining provides efficient training and pool data curation
    Keywords: Uncertainty Estimation ; Active Learning ; Object Detection ; Outlier Detection ; Feature-based cluster analysis ; Video-based Fire Detection ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
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    Chapter Deep Learning Based Pose Estimation of Scaffold Fall Accident Safety Monitoring (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: According to the Ministry of Manpower, falling and slipping accidents are one of the most common accidents in addition, falls from heights (FFH), including accidents during scaffolding work, are still a major cause of death in the construction industry. Regular safety checks are currently being carried out on construction sites, but scaffold-related accidents continue to occur. Sensing technology is being attempted in many industrial sites for safety monitoring, but there are still limitations in terms of the cost of sensors and object detection, which are limited to certain risks. Therefore, this paper proposes a deep learning-based pose estimation approach to identify the risk of falling during scaffolding work in the construction industry. Through analysis of the correlation between unstable behavior during scaffold work and the angle of keypoints of workers, the proposed approach demonstrates the ability to detect the risk of falling. The proposed approach can prevent falling accidents not only by detecting construction site workers, but also by detecting specific risky behaviors. In addition, in limited work environments other than scaffolding work, the information on unstable behavior can be provided to safety managers who may not be aware of the risk, thus contributing to preventing falling accidents
    Keywords: deep learning ; pose estimation ; keypoint angle calculate ; construction site safe monitoring ; falls from heights ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
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    Chapter Ontology-Based Construction Inspection Planning: A Case Study of Thermal Building Insulation (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-12
    Description: Poor construction quality is one of the most significant challenges for the construction industry. However, failures can be avoided or minimized by inspections based on detailed quality inspection plans as a part of quality assurance. Therefore, structured and project-specific planning of inspection plans is required to provide inspectors with the right information. Nevertheless, inspection planning is mainly manual, dependent on the individual’s experience and high level of effort. As a result, inspection planning is often neglected and limited to providing general checklists that often lack semantically rich descriptions and are unspecific concerning individual project requirements. Furthermore, proper planning of inspections requires multiple information sources, such as building design, schedules, contractual and supplier guidelines, and standards, all of which must be provided or linked via an information model. Current research lacks an adequate formalized knowledge model to provide the knowledge-driven inspection planning process with the necessary domain knowledge to support inspection planning with heterogeneous information defined in isolated systems. Therefore, this paper extends the Ontology for Construction Quality Assurance (OCQA) with the OCQA-Thermal Insulation (OCQA-TI) to formalize thermal insulation inspection planning knowledge. The OCQA offers a new linked data model that provides explicit knowledge of quality inspection planning. The development of the OCQA-TI follows the Linked Open Terms (LOT) methodology and is implemented using the Web Ontology Language (OWL). The proposed ontology is evaluated using various approaches, including automatic consistency checking, answering competency questions, and criteria-based evaluation. The results indicate that the OCQA-TI can provide inspectors with relevant inspection planning knowledge and integrate various related information streams, thus providing a more comprehensive and efficient approach to insulation inspection planning. The functionality of OCQA-TI enables the fulfillment of increased sustainability and energy efficiency requirements by providing insulation inspection knowledge
    Keywords: semantic web ; building insulation ; ontology ; quality assurance in construction ; inspection planning ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
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    Chapter Unemployment dynamics in Italy: a counterfactual analysis at Covid time (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-09-22
    Description: This work performs a counterfactual analysis on unemployment dynamics in Italy during the year 2020. In doing so, ARIMA models are estimated and used to make projections for the 2020 quarters. This exercise is performed at population level and for each gender, age and educational groups. Data are from the Italian Labor Force Survey covering the years 2015-2019 at quarterly frequency. Over the quarters of the year 2020, i.e. a time period covered by the Covid-19 pandemic and related restrictions, actual and counterfactual unemployment dynamics are compared. Overall, this work tries to answer to the following question: what would have happened to unemployment dynamics if Covid-19 pandemic and related restrictions would not arise as they did? Results can be informative to policymakers if the ARIMA projections can represent a reference for the aftermath of the pandemic.
    Keywords: Covid-19 ; Italy ; Unemployment Dynamics ; Counterfactual Analysis ; ARIMA ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBC Social research & statistics
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    Chapter Emergency remote teaching: an explorative tool (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-09-22
    Description: The worldwide rapid spread and severity of the infectious disease caused by Coronavirus forced the WHO to declare a global state of pandemic emergency during March 2020, by leading the governments around the world to adopt policies that created the widest rift of education systems in human history. Italy have temporarily closed each educational institution, by causing the disruption of tertiary education for 16.89% of the Italian learner’s population. To ensure the “pedagogic continuity”, universities adopted the transitioning from traditional face-to-face to online learning. This paradigm shift to fully remote teaching solutions represents the so-called emergency remote teaching (ERT) in contrast to the traditional teaching inspired by Bologna process principles such as teaching quality and student satisfaction. In a landscape of emerging difficulties connected to ERT contexts, the quality assurance of higher education recalled by the Bologna Process may be not appropriate. We propose an evaluation model for the quality and ERT success across two dimensions used as proxy variables: students’ engagement (SE) and success performance (SP). Within the faculties, we analysed the performance and hence the knowledge, skills and/or attitudes acquired by learners, within the students, the focus was the engagement as interest, motivation and involvement. Under this perspective our research question has an explorative nature: we are interested in detecting empirical evidence about the learning assessment and engagement in higher education with focus on students’ engagement and their success performance during ERT. The investigation carried out on Iulm University’s student population (N=775). We integrated textual data related to the students evaluation of ERT and their career data such as credits, marks before and post disease. The results show the relations between the two dimensions taken into account, with a multidimensional approach we created a factorial plan useful to create an agile tool of analysis in the ERT context.
    Keywords: Emergency Remote Teaching ; Data integration ; Text analytics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBC Social research & statistics
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    Chapter Measuring the effectiveness of COVID-19 containment policies in Italian regions: are we doing enough? (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-09-22
    Description: A successful fight against COVID-19 greatly depends on citizens’ adherence to the restrictive measures, which may not suffice alone. Making use of a containment index, data on sanctions, and Google’s movement trends across Italian regions, complemented by other sources, we investigate the extent to which compliance with the mobility limitations has affected the number of deaths over time in the period from the 24th of February 2020 to the 9th of November 2020, by using panel data for Italian regions, analysed through a negative binomial regression method. We also differentiated the study period, estimating two distinct models on two subsamples: until the 13th of September and since the 14th of September. In so doing, we show how the pandemic dynamics have changed between the first and the second wave of the emergency. Our results highlight that the importance of the restrictive measures and of citizens’ accord on their abidance has greatly increased since the end of the summer, also because the stringency level of the adopted measures has critically declined. Informing citizens about the effects and purposes of the restrictive measures is of paramount importance, especially in the current phase of the pandemic.
    Keywords: Compliance rate ; Schools reopening ; Second wave of COVID-19 ; Google Community Mobility Reports ; Stringency index ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBC Social research & statistics
    Language: English
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    Chapter Integrating ESG Factors into Construction Projects: A Blockchain-Based Data Management Approach (2024)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) investing has become increasingly significant in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry. However, the AEC industry faces challenges such as non-uniform standards, complex information sources, and data security concerns when collecting and verifying ESG data. At the same time, as one of the key points of carbon emission in AEC projects, the ESG management of construction projects is still lacking. This paper proposed a blockchain-based ESG data management framework, which designed to address these challenges in the AEC industry. The framework and the smart contract and transaction data model applied in it realize data collection and information verification in construction projects. By leveraging blockchain technology's key features of transparency, immutability, and traceability, the framework ensures secure and efficient ESG data management. Additionally, the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) technology enables access to original files for data verification and comparison, further enhancing authenticity. By integrating blockchain and IPFS technologies, our proposed solution enhances the reliability and traceability of ESG data in the construction projects, paving the way for more sustainable and transparent practices
    Keywords: AEC ; Blockchain ; Construction Project ; ESG ; IPFS ; Smart contract ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
    Language: English
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    Chapter Lothar’s manuscripts, manuscripts for Lothar, manuscripts of Lothar’s time (2022)
    Firenze University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: This paper aims to give an account of some of the manuscripts related to Lothar. In its first section an attempt is made at retracing a set of books that could have belonged to Lothar’s library, nowadays known only from secondary sources. In the second section some display codices are discussed, either commissioned by Lothar, or dedicated to him, such as Lothar’s Gospel Book MS Par. lat. 266 or those traditionally referred to as the «Lothar-Gruppe», whose actual connection both to Lothar and to each other is questioned here. The third and last part of the paper contains some considerations on the manuscripts produced during the years of Lothar’s government in Italy, that essentially coincide with the second quarter of the ninth century.
    Keywords: Middle Ages ; 9th century ; Carolingian Italy ; Verona ; Lothar ; Pacificus ; Carolingian royal libraries ; Carolingian manuscripts ; Carolingian court school ; Carolingian illumination ; Carolingian law-books ; Lothar-Gruppe ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: English
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    Chapter Image Segmentation Applied to Urban Surface and Aerial Constraints Analysis (2024)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The rapid progress of artificial intelligence (AI) has prompted the exploration of its potential applications in the construction industry, although at a slower rate. Since the starting point of a design is the analysis of the site’s constraints, the purpose of the ongoing research is the application of artificial intelligence in risk assessment for site areas. The primary objective of this research project is to develop an interactive map that employs AI to identify potential surface and aerial interferences. This map aims to support planners, engineers, and architects during the site context analysis phase by providing real-time visualization of obstacles. The interactive map allows users to explore and analyze identified obstacles, enabling cluster markers and filtering of features. The results obtained from applying this approach in Milan, Italy, demonstrate its functionality and usability, highlighting the tool's ability to provide valuable information in both localized and citywide scenarios. Potential improvements such as size assessment and advanced marker generation are also being examined to enhance the management of surface and air interferences. The goal is to enhance the tool's functionality, accuracy, and planning efficiency in construction projects
    Keywords: Image Segmentation ; Risk Assessment ; Construction Site ; Clustering Techniques ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology
    Language: English
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    Chapter Innovation and sustainability: the Italian scenario (2022)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-09-22
    Description: Society and policy makers demand innovation systems oriented towards several goals of sustainable development. Therefore, recent literature has dedicated a growing interest to both innovation and sustainability in the pursuit of environmental, economic and social development; in addition, the emerging topic of ‘sustainable innovation’ (and ‘eco-innovation’) seems to combine the main features of them. The definition of these concepts has been significantly changed during the last decades, and a broad discussion continues today about which indicators should be used to measure innovation, sustainability and their combination. The current paper investigates this relationship, and - in the authors’ opinion - the research question connected to the impact of the innovative product (and service and process) solutions on sustainability can be addressed by means of a stable theoretical framework. To study the interaction between innovation and sustainability, the usage of specific territorial features might represent a useful perspective to manage short-and long-term environmental and economic issues. As for the theoretical model, the present article considers a specific technique suitable for investigating the entire set of characteristics involved in the model. From a public makers and managerial point of view, the possibility of improving the firm’ efficiencies in terms of several dimensions of sustainable innovation represents a relevant topic that must be encouraged.
    Keywords: Sustainability ; Innovation ; Composite Indicators ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBC Social research & statistics
    Language: English
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    Chapter A fragmentary story: episcopal culture in Milan during Lothar I’s reign? (2022)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Dealing with episcopal culture in Milan during Lothar I’s age (822-855), that is the age of Archbishop Angilbert II (824-859), is a difficult task, because of the lack of sources and uncertain origin of many extant manuscripts. As a matter of fact, Angilbert II shared a common cultural background with his transalpine colleagues, but he had to face the loss of the schools in Milan and to rebuild a cultural system which could also improve the political role of his see to the detriment of Pavia. This paper analyses some main features of his cultural policy: the activity of masters accustomed to the new ideas of Carolingian schools, in particular the role played by Hildemar and his library in Civate; the renewal of St. Ambrose’s cult and Angilbert’s iconographical choices on the golden altar of Sant’Ambrogio, in connection with literary activity in Milan (as for the case of bishop Mansuetus’ letter copied in Montpellier, Bibliothèque Interuniversitaire, Faculté de medicine, H 233).
    Keywords: Middle Ages ; 9th century ; Milan ; Sant’Ambrogio Basilica ; Angilbert II ; Hildemar of Corbie ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: English
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